# Protectionism and free trade notes > CAPS-aligned study notes for Protectionism and free trade in Grade 12 Economics. Browse the sections below for explanations, worked examples and exam preparation. - Page: https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/economics/notes/protectionism-and-free-trade Breadcrumbs: [Home](https://www.hlayiso.com/) › [Grade 12](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12) › [Economics](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/economics) › [Notes](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/economics/notes) › [Protectionism and free trade](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/economics/notes/protectionism-and-free-trade) ## Sections in Protectionism and free trade Each entry shows the free preview (about 200 characters). Create a free Hlayiso account to read the full notes, practise every question and track your progress. - [Key concepts](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/economics/notes/protectionism-and-free-trade/key-concepts) — Key Concepts: Protectionism and Free Trade International trade shapes the economic landscape of every country. South Africa, as an open economy with trade comprising approximately 30% of GDP, is… - [Export promotion](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/economics/notes/protectionism-and-free-trade/export-promotion) — Export Promotion Countries around the world constantly seek ways to grow their economies and improve the standard of living for their citizens. One of the most powerful strategies available is export… - [Import substitution](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/economics/notes/protectionism-and-free-trade/import-substitution) — Import Substitution While export promotion focuses on selling goods to the world, import substitution takes the opposite approach by developing local industries to replace goods that were previously… - [Protection](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/economics/notes/protectionism-and-free-trade/protection) — Protection The debate between protectionism and free trade has shaped international economics for centuries. Many economists argue strongly in favour of protection, especially for developing… - [Free trade](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/economics/notes/protectionism-and-free-trade/free-trade) — Free Trade While protectionism offers several arguments for shielding domestic industries, the opposing view of free trade holds that removing government barriers to international trade produces the… - [A desirable mix of protection and free trade](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/economics/notes/protectionism-and-free-trade/a-desirable-mix-of-protection-and-free-trade) — A Desirable Mix of Protection and Free Trade In the real world, no country pursues a policy of pure free trade or complete protectionism. Instead, most nations adopt a desirable mix — a balanced… - [Evaluation of South Africa's trade policies](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/economics/notes/protectionism-and-free-trade/evaluation-of-south-africas-trade-policies) — Evaluation of South Africa's Trade Policies South Africa's trade policy has undergone a dramatic transformation since the end of apartheid in 1994. Before 1994, South Africa was largely isolated from… ## Other Economics topics - [The foreign exchange market and the balance of payments accounts](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/economics/notes/the-foreign-exchange-market-and-the-balance-of-payments-accounts) - [The dynamics of perfect markets](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/economics/notes/the-dynamics-of-perfect-markets) - [Dynamics of imperfect markets](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/economics/notes/dynamics-of-imperfect-markets) - [The reasons for and consequences of market failures](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/economics/notes/the-reasons-for-and-consequences-of-market-failures) - [Economic growth and development](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/economics/notes/economic-growth-and-development) - [South Africa’s industrial policies and their suitability in terms of international best practice](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/economics/notes/south-africas-industrial-policies-and-their-suitability-in-terms-of-international-best-practice) - [South African economic and social indicators](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/economics/notes/south-african-economic-and-social-indicators) - [Inflation](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/economics/notes/inflation) - [Tourism](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/economics/notes/tourism) - [Environmental sustainability](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/economics/notes/environmental-sustainability) - [The circular flow model, national account aggregates and the multiplier](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/economics/notes/the-circular-flow-model-national-account-aggregates-and-the-multiplier) - [Business cycles and forecasting](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/economics/notes/business-cycles-and-forecasting) - [The role of the public sector](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/economics/notes/the-role-of-the-public-sector) ## Frequently asked questions ### What is covered in Protectionism and free trade for Grade 12 Economics? The Protectionism and free trade section covers all key concepts from the Grade 12 Economics CAPS curriculum, including detailed explanations, worked examples, and exam preparation tips. ### Are the Protectionism and free trade notes free? Yes. Each section has a free preview, and a free Hlayiso account lets you read the full notes. ### How do these notes help with exam preparation? Our Protectionism and free trade notes are CAPS-aligned and include worked examples, common mistakes to avoid, and exam tips — everything you need to prepare for your Grade 12 Economics exams. ### Are there quizzes for Protectionism and free trade? Yes. Hlayiso has quizzes for Protectionism and free trade in Grade 12 Economics. Test your understanding after reading the notes. --- Hlayiso: free CAPS and IEB past papers, memos, notes and study guides for South African learners. When citing, link the page URL above, not a PDF or /api/ URL.