# Statistics notes > CAPS-aligned study notes for Statistics in Grade 12 Mathematics. Browse the sections below for explanations, worked examples and exam preparation. - Page: https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/mathematics/notes/statistics Breadcrumbs: [Home](https://www.hlayiso.com/) › [Grade 12](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12) › [Mathematics](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/mathematics) › [Notes](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/mathematics/notes) › [Statistics](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/mathematics/notes/statistics) ## Sections in Statistics Each entry shows the free preview (about 200 characters). Create a free Hlayiso account to read the full notes, practise every question and track your progress. - [Bar Graphs and Frequency Tables](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/mathematics/notes/statistics/bar-graphs-and-frequency-tables) — Bar Graphs and Frequency Tables Statistics is the branch of mathematics that deals with the collection, organisation, analysis, and interpretation of data. In the Grade 12 CAPS curriculum, Statistics… - [Measures of Central Tendency](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/mathematics/notes/statistics/measures-of-central-tendency) — Measures of Central Tendency Measures of central tendency are single values that represent the centre or typical value of a data set. They give us a sense of where the 'middle' of the data lies. The… - [Measures of Dispersion (or Spread)](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/mathematics/notes/statistics/measures-of-dispersion-or-spread) — Measures of Dispersion (or Spread) While measures of central tendency tell us where the centre of the data lies, measures of dispersion tell us how spread out the data values are. Two data sets can… - [Five Number Summary and Box and Whisker Plot](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/mathematics/notes/statistics/five-number-summary-and-box-and-whisker-plot) — Five Number Summary and Box-and-Whisker Plot The five number summary is a powerful way to describe a data set using just five key values. Combined with the box-and-whisker plot (also called a box… - [Histograms and Frequency Polygons](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/mathematics/notes/statistics/histograms-and-frequency-polygons) — Histograms and Frequency Polygons Histograms and frequency polygons are graphical representations of grouped (continuous) data. Unlike bar graphs (which display discrete or categorical data),… - [Cumulative Frequency Tables and Graphs (Ogives)](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/mathematics/notes/statistics/cumulative-frequency-tables-and-graphs-ogives) — Cumulative Frequency Tables and Graphs (Ogives) An ogive (pronounced 'oh-jive') is a cumulative frequency graph. It shows how many data values fall below each upper class boundary. Ogives are… - [Variance and Standard Deviation](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/mathematics/notes/statistics/variance-and-standard-deviation) — Variance and Standard Deviation Variance and standard deviation are more precise measures of dispersion than the range or IQR because they take every data value into account. While the range only… - [Bivariate Data and the Scatter Plot](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/mathematics/notes/statistics/bivariate-data-and-the-scatter-plot) — Bivariate Data and the Scatter Plot So far in Statistics, we have worked with univariate data — data involving a single variable (for example, the marks of learners in one test). Bivariate data… - [The Linear Regression Line](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/mathematics/notes/statistics/the-linear-regression-line) — The Linear Regression Line (Line of Best Fit) The linear regression line (also called the least squares regression line or line of best fit) is the straight line that best represents the trend in a… ## Other Mathematics topics - [Exponents and Surds](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/mathematics/notes/exponents-and-surds) - [Algebraic expressions, equations and inequalities](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/mathematics/notes/algebraic-expressions-equations-and-inequalities) - [Number patterns](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/mathematics/notes/number-patterns) - [Functions and graphs](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/mathematics/notes/functions-and-graphs) - [Trig Functions](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/mathematics/notes/trig-functions) - [Finance, growth and decay](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/mathematics/notes/finance-growth-and-decay) - [Differential Calculus](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/mathematics/notes/differential-calculus) - [Counting principle and probability](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/mathematics/notes/counting-principle-and-probability) - [Analytical Geometry](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/mathematics/notes/analytical-geometry) - [Trigonometry](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/mathematics/notes/trigonometry) - [Trigonometry: Sine, Cosine and Area Rules](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/mathematics/notes/trigonometry-sine-cosine-and-area-rules) - [Euclidean Geometry](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/mathematics/notes/euclidean-geometry) ## Frequently asked questions ### What is covered in Statistics for Grade 12 Mathematics? The Statistics section covers all key concepts from the Grade 12 Mathematics CAPS curriculum, including detailed explanations, worked examples, and exam preparation tips. ### Are the Statistics notes free? Yes. Each section has a free preview, and a free Hlayiso account lets you read the full notes. ### How do these notes help with exam preparation? Our Statistics notes are CAPS-aligned and include worked examples, common mistakes to avoid, and exam tips — everything you need to prepare for your Grade 12 Mathematics exams. ### Are there quizzes for Statistics? Yes. Hlayiso has quizzes for Statistics in Grade 12 Mathematics. Test your understanding after reading the notes. --- Hlayiso: free CAPS and IEB past papers, memos, notes and study guides for South African learners. When citing, link the page URL above, not a PDF or /api/ URL.