# Grade 12 Physical Sciences Notes > CAPS-aligned Grade 12 Physical Sciences revision notes, broken down topic by topic with worked examples, diagrams, and key definitions. - Page: https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes Breadcrumbs: [Home](https://www.hlayiso.com/) › [Grade 12](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12) › [Physical Sciences](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences) › [Notes](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes) ## Topics Each section has a free preview; the full notes are in the free Hlayiso account. ### Newton's Laws and Forces - [Newton's Laws and Forces notes](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/newtons-laws-and-forces) - [Revision: Vectors, Velocity and Acceleration](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/newtons-laws-and-forces/revision-vectors-velocity-and-acceleration) - [Forces and Types of Forces](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/newtons-laws-and-forces/forces-and-types-of-forces) - [Force Diagrams and Resultant Forces](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/newtons-laws-and-forces/force-diagrams-and-resultant-forces) - [Newton's First Law of Motion (Law of Inertia)](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/newtons-laws-and-forces/newtons-first-law-of-motion-law-of-inertia) - [Newton's Second Law of Motion](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/newtons-laws-and-forces/newtons-second-law-of-motion) - [Newton's Third Law of Motion](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/newtons-laws-and-forces/newtons-third-law-of-motion) - [Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation, Mass and Weight](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/newtons-laws-and-forces/newtons-law-of-universal-gravitation-mass-and-weight) - [Newton's Laws and Forces](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/newtons-laws-and-forces/newtons-laws-and-forces) ### Momentum and Impulse - [Momentum and Impulse notes](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/momentum-and-impulse) - [Momentum and Change in Momentum](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/momentum-and-impulse/momentum-and-change-in-momentum) - [Newton's Second Law and Impulse](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/momentum-and-impulse/newtons-second-law-and-impulse) - [The Principle of Conservation of Linear Momentum](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/momentum-and-impulse/the-principle-of-conservation-of-linear-momentum) - [Collision Types and Problem Solving](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/momentum-and-impulse/collision-types-and-problem-solving) - [Momentum and Impulse](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/momentum-and-impulse/momentum-and-impulse) ### Vertical Projectile Motion - [Vertical Projectile Motion notes](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/vertical-projectile-motion) - [Revision and Free Fall](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/vertical-projectile-motion/revision-and-free-fall) - [Graphs of Projectile Motion Type 1: Dropping a Projectile](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/vertical-projectile-motion/graphs-of-projectile-motion-type-1-dropping-a-projectile) - [Projectiles Shot Upward](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/vertical-projectile-motion/projectiles-shot-upward) - [Graphs of Projectile Motion Type 3: A Bouncing Ball](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/vertical-projectile-motion/graphs-of-projectile-motion-type-3-a-bouncing-ball) ### Work, Energy and Power - [Work, Energy and Power notes](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/work-energy-and-power) - [Work](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/work-energy-and-power/work) - [Energy](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/work-energy-and-power/energy) - [Power](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/work-energy-and-power/power) ### Doppler Effect - [Doppler Effect notes](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/doppler-effect) - [Waves: Revision](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/doppler-effect/waves-revision) - [The Doppler Effect](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/doppler-effect/the-doppler-effect) - [Applications of the Doppler Effect](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/doppler-effect/applications-of-the-doppler-effect) ### Electrostatics - [Electrostatics notes](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/electrostatics) - [Electric Charge, Force and Conservation](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/electrostatics/electric-charge-force-and-conservation) - [Coulomb's Law](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/electrostatics/coulombs-law) - [Electric Fields](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/electrostatics/electric-fields) ### Electric Circuits - [Electric Circuits notes](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/electric-circuits) - [Factors Influencing the Resistance of a Wire Conductor](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/electric-circuits/factors-influencing-the-resistance-of-a-wire-conductor) - [Ohm's Law](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/electric-circuits/ohms-law) - [EMF, Potential Difference and Internal Resistance](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/electric-circuits/emf-potential-difference-and-internal-resistance) - [Electric Energy and Power](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/electric-circuits/electric-energy-and-power) ### Electrodynamics - [Electrodynamics notes](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/electrodynamics) - [Motors and Generators](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/electrodynamics/motors-and-generators) - [Alternating Current Circuits](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/electrodynamics/alternating-current-circuits) ### Optical Phenomena and Properties of Materials - [Optical Phenomena and Properties of Materials notes](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/optical-phenomena-and-properties-of-materials) - [Electromagnetic Waves and Visible Light: Revision](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/optical-phenomena-and-properties-of-materials/electromagnetic-waves-and-visible-light-revision) - [The Photoelectric Effect](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/optical-phenomena-and-properties-of-materials/the-photoelectric-effect) ### Emission and Absorption Spectra - [Emission and Absorption Spectra notes](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/emission-and-absorption-spectra) - [Continuous Emission Spectra](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/emission-and-absorption-spectra/continuous-emission-spectra) - [Atomic Emission and Absorption Spectra](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/emission-and-absorption-spectra/atomic-emission-and-absorption-spectra) ### Organic Compounds and Macromolecules - [Organic Compounds and Macromolecules notes](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/organic-compounds-and-macromolecules) - [Organic Compounds](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/organic-compounds-and-macromolecules/organic-compounds) - [Physical Properties of Organic Compounds](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/organic-compounds-and-macromolecules/physical-properties-of-organic-compounds) - [Chemical Properties of Organic Compounds](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/organic-compounds-and-macromolecules/chemical-properties-of-organic-compounds) - [Reactions of Organic Compounds](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/organic-compounds-and-macromolecules/reactions-of-organic-compounds) - [Plastics, Polymers and the Environment](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/organic-compounds-and-macromolecules/plastics-polymers-and-the-environment) ### Rate and Extent of Reactions - [Rate and Extent of Reactions notes](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/rate-and-extent-of-reactions) - [Introduction and Energy Changes](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/rate-and-extent-of-reactions/introduction-and-energy-changes) - [Activation Energy and Catalysts](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/rate-and-extent-of-reactions/activation-energy-and-catalysts) - [Enthalpy and Exo/Endothermic Reactions](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/rate-and-extent-of-reactions/enthalpy-and-exoendothermic-reactions) - [Rates of Reactions and Influencing Factors](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/rate-and-extent-of-reactions/rates-of-reactions-and-influencing-factors) - [Collision Theory and Reaction Mechanisms](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/rate-and-extent-of-reactions/collision-theory-and-reaction-mechanisms) - [Measuring Rates of Reactions](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/rate-and-extent-of-reactions/measuring-rates-of-reactions) ### Chemical Equilibrium - [Chemical Equilibrium notes](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/chemical-equilibrium) - [Introduction and Key Concepts](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/chemical-equilibrium/introduction-and-key-concepts) - [Le Châtelier’s Principle](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/chemical-equilibrium/le-chteliers-principle) - [The Equilibrium Constant (Kc)](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/chemical-equilibrium/the-equilibrium-constant-kc) - [Interpretation of Graphs for Chemical Equilibrium](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/chemical-equilibrium/interpretation-of-graphs-for-chemical-equilibrium) - [Applications of Equilibrium in Chemical Industry](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/chemical-equilibrium/applications-of-equilibrium-in-chemical-industry) ### Acids and Bases - [Acids and Bases notes](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/acids-and-bases) - [Introduction and Properties](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/acids-and-bases/introduction-and-properties) - [Common Acids and Bases](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/acids-and-bases/common-acids-and-bases) - [Mono- and Polyprotic Acids](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/acids-and-bases/mono-and-polyprotic-acids) - [Conjugate Pairs and Ampholytes](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/acids-and-bases/conjugate-pairs-and-ampholytes) - [Salt Hydrolysis](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/acids-and-bases/salt-hydrolysis) - [Acid-Base Titrations and Indicators](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/acids-and-bases/acid-base-titrations-and-indicators) - [Titration Calculations and Solutions](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/acids-and-bases/titration-calculations-and-solutions) - [Acid-Base Equilibrium Constants](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/acids-and-bases/acid-base-equilibrium-constants) - [Auto-ionisation of Water and Kw](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/acids-and-bases/auto-ionisation-of-water-and-kw) - [The pH Scale and Calculations](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/acids-and-bases/the-ph-scale-and-calculations) - [Summary: Types of Acids and Bases](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/acids-and-bases/summary-types-of-acids-and-bases) ### Electrochemistry - [Electrochemistry notes](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/electrochemistry) - [Introduction and Key Concepts](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/electrochemistry/introduction-and-key-concepts) - [Electrochemical Cells](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/electrochemistry/electrochemical-cells) - [Electrolytic Cells and Applications](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/electrochemistry/electrolytic-cells-and-applications) - [Voltaic (Galvanic) Cells](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/electrochemistry/voltaic-galvanic-cells) - [Cell Notation (IUPAC Convention)](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/electrochemistry/cell-notation-iupac-convention) - [Standard Electrode Potentials and EMF](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/electrochemistry/standard-electrode-potentials-and-emf) ### The Chlor-Alkali Industry - [The Chlor-Alkali Industry notes](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/the-chlor-alkali-industry) - [Introduction and Key Terms](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/the-chlor-alkali-industry/introduction-and-key-terms) - [The Chlor-Alkali Process](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/the-chlor-alkali-industry/the-chlor-alkali-process) ### The Fertiliser Industry - [The Fertiliser Industry notes](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/the-fertiliser-industry) - [Plant Nutrients and Mineral Sources](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/the-fertiliser-industry/plant-nutrients-and-mineral-sources) - [Industrial Production of Fertilisers](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/the-fertiliser-industry/industrial-production-of-fertilisers) - [N:P:K Fertilisers](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/the-fertiliser-industry/npk-fertilisers) - [Environmental Impact and Alternatives](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/physical-sciences/notes/the-fertiliser-industry/environmental-impact-and-alternatives) ## Frequently asked questions ### Are the Grade 12 Physical Sciences notes free? Each Grade 12 Physical Sciences note section has a free preview on Hlayiso. Create a free Hlayiso account to read the full notes on the web or in the app; the free plan has daily limits. ### Are the notes aligned with CAPS and the ATP? Yes. All Grade 12 Physical Sciences notes are written against the official CAPS curriculum and ATP so you only study what’s examinable. --- Hlayiso: free CAPS and IEB past papers, memos, notes and study guides for South African learners. When citing, link the page URL above, not a PDF or /api/ URL.