# Physical Sciences Grade 12 P2 Gauteng Mock 2014 QP (Eng)

> Grade 12 Physical Sciences Paper 2 question paper from the Gauteng Mock Exam 2014 (English), 23 pages. Read online or download the free PDF.

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- Updated: 2026-09-27
- Subject: Physical Sciences
- Grade: Grade 12
- Document type: Question paper
- Year: 2014
- Exam period: Gauteng Mock Exam
- Paper: 2
- Curriculum: CAPS
- Pages: 23

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Physical Sciences · Grade 12 · Gauteng Mock Exam · 2014. Question paper, 23 pages. Read online or download the PDF.

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                   GAUTENG DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
                      PREPARATORY EXAMINATION

                                2014

                                 10842
                            PHYSICAL SCIENCES

                           SECOND PAPER

MARKS:   150                                    Pages 19
TIME:    3 hours

         3
                                                           P.T.O.

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                                          PHYSICAL SCIENCES                            2
                                          (Second Paper)                    10842/14

                          GAUTENG DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
                                  PREPARATORY EXAMINATION

                                                  PHYSICAL SCIENCES
                                                  (Second Paper)

                                                  TIME: 3 hours

                                                  MARKS: 150

INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION:

1.    Write your name in the appropriate space on the ANSWER BOOK.

2.    This question paper consists of NINE questions.        Answer ALL the questions in the
      ANSWER BOOK

3.    Start EACH question on a NEW page in the ANSWER BOOK.

4.    Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this question
      paper.

5.    Leave ONE line between two subquestions, for example between QUESTION 2.1 and
      QUESTION 2.2.

6.    You may use a non-programmable calculator.

7.    You may use appropriate mathematical instruments.

8.    You are advised to use the attached DATA SHEETS.

9.    Show ALL formulae and substitutions in ALL calculations.

10.   Round off your final numerical answers to a minimum of TWO decimal places.

11.   Give brief motivations, discussions, et cetera where required.

12.   Write neatly and legibly.

                                                                                       P.T.O.

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                                             PHYSICAL SCIENCES                         3
                                             (Second Paper)                10842/14

QUESTION 1: MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS

Four options are given as possible answers to the following questions. Each question
has only ONE correct answer. Write only the letter (A–D) next to the question number
(1.1–1.10) in the ANSWER BOOK.

1.1    An example of an unsaturated hydrocarbon is:

       A           C2HCℓ3
       B           C4H8
       C           C3H8
       D           C3H7OH                                                                  (2)

1.2    The semi-condensed structural formula of an organic compound is shown
       below:

                                          CH3
                                          |
                                          CH2    H   CH3 H
                                           |     |   |   |
                                    H3C — C —    C — C — C — H
                                           |     |   |   |
                                          CH3    H   H   H

       What is the correct IUPAC name for this organic compound?

       A           2,4,4-trimethylhexane
       B           2-ethyl-2,4-dimethylpentane
       C           2,4-dimethyl-4-ethylpentane
       D           3,3,5-trimethylhexane                                                   (2)

1.3    A simple organic reaction is given below:

           H
                       H
               C               H
       H                           + HCℓ               X
                   C       C
               H               H

       Which one of the formulae below represents the major organic product X
       formed in this reaction?

       A           CH3CHCℓCH2Cℓ
       B           CH2CℓCH2CH3
       C           CH3CHCℓCH3
       D           CH3CH2CH2Cℓ                                                             (2)

                                                                                       P.T.O.

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                                          PHYSICAL SCIENCES                               4
                                          (Second Paper)                      10842/14

1.4   A chemical reaction is in a state of dynamic equilibrium when the ...

      A    reactants and products always have the same masses.
      B    concentration of products is zero.
      C    equilibrium constant is zero.
      D    forward and reverse reactions occur at the same rate.                              (2)

1.5   The Maxwell-Boltzmann energy distribution curves below show the number of
      particles as a function of their kinetic energy for a reaction, at four different
      temperatures. The minimum kinetic energy needed for effective collisions to
      take place is represented by E.

      Which one of the curves represents the reaction that takes place at the
      highest temperature?

                              I

                                     II
                                           III
                                                     IV

      A    I
      B    II
      C    III
      D    IV                                                                                 (2)

1.6   Consider the following potential energy diagram for a chemical reaction.
      Which arrow indicates the activation energy of the forward reaction?

      The activation energy of the forward reaction is:

      A     A
      B     B
      C     C
      D     D                                                                                 (2)
                                                                                          P.T.O.

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                                          PHYSICAL SCIENCES                          5
                                          (Second Paper)                 10842/14

1.7    The pH of a solution of NaOH is 10,5. Which one of the following statements
       is CORRECT?

       A    [OH-] = [H3O+]
       B    [Na+] > [OH-]
       C    [H3O+] < [OH-]
       D    [OH-] < [H3O+]                                                                (2)

1.8    The oxidation number of sulphur in a sulphate (SO42-) ion is …

       A    +8.
       B    +6.
       C    +4.
       D    +2.                                                                           (2)

1.9    Consider the following chemical reactions:

                       Reaction X: Fe(s) → Fe2+ (aq) + 2e-
                       Reaction Y: 4H+ (aq) + O2 (g) + 4e-→ 2H20(ℓ)

       Which one of the following statements is CORRECT for reaction X and Y?

            Reaction X                 Reaction Y
       A    Fe is oxidised             H+ is reduced
       B    Fe is reduced              O2 is oxidised
       C    Fe is oxidised             O2 is reduced
       D    Fe is reduced              H+ is oxidised
                                                                                          (2)
1.10   In industry, nitrogen gas is prepared by the following process:

       A     Fractional distillation
       B     Contact process
       C     Ostwald process
       D     Haber process                                                                (2)
                                                                                         [20]

                                                                                     P.T.O.

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                                                        PHYSICAL SCIENCES                                                       6
                                                        (Second Paper)                                10842/14

QUESTION 2 (Start on a new page)

Consider the following compounds and answer the questions below:

      A                                                       B
                                H                                                 H
                   H                    H                             H                               H
                            C                   H                             C           O                   H
                                    C                                                 C           C
                       H                    C                             H                               C
                                H                   H                                 O       H                   H
                                        H                                                             H

      C                                                       D
                                                                                                  CH3
                                H                                                 H3C HC
                        H                   O
                                    C           H                                                 CH CH2
                            C
                    H                   H                                                 H3C                 C       C
                                H
                                                                                                                          CH3

      E                                                       F

                                H       H

                    Cl          C       C       H

                                H       H

       2.1.1     To which homologous series does compound F belong?                                                                 (1)

       2.1.2     Which compound is an alkyne?                                                                                       (1)

       2.1.3     Give the IUPAC name for compound E.                                                                                (1)

                                                                                                                                P.T.O.

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                                       PHYSICAL SCIENCES                                7
                                       (Second Paper)                        10842/14

      2.1.4     Compound C is one of the reactants needed to produce
                compound B.

                Give the IUPAC NAME for the other reactant needed for the
                production of compound B.                                                    (1)

      2.1.5     Write down an equation, using structural formulae to represent the
                formation of compound B.                                                     (4)

      2.1.6     Write down the structural formula of a functional isomer of
                compound F.                                                                  (2)

      2.1.7     Compound A can burn in excess oxygen. Using molecular
                formulae, write a balanced equation for the reaction.                        (3)

      2.1.8     Name the type of reaction that takes place in QUESTION 2.1.7.                (1)

2.2   There are two chain isomers for the organic compound with molecular formula
      C4H10.

      2.2.1     Define the term chain isomer.                                                (2)

      2.2.2     Write down the structural formulae of the two chain isomers and
                also give their IUPAC names.                                                 (4)

      2.2.3     Which ONE of the isomers mentioned in QUESTION 2.2.2 has the
                highest boiling point?                                                       (1)

      2.2.4     Explain the difference in the boiling points of the chain isomers.           (3)
                                                                                            [24]

                                                                                        P.T.O.

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                                       PHYSICAL SCIENCES                                 8
                                       (Second Paper)                     10842/14

QUESTION 3 (Start on a new page)

The flow diagram below shows how organic compounds can be prepared from an
unsaturated hydrocarbon, prop–1– ene. Reaction I takes place when prop–1– ene
reacts with bromine water.

                                                           Compound A

                                              Reaction I
                                             Reaction I

                  Prop – 1 – ene

                                                            Compound B
                                        Reaction II

3.1    Write down:

       3.1.1     The name of the type of reaction which takes place in the above
                 Reaction I                                                                  (1)

       3.1.2     The structural formula of compound A                                        (2)

       3.1.3     Will Reaction I be spontaneous at room temperature?       Answer
                 YES or NO.                                                                  (1)

3.2    Compound B is formed when prop–1–ene reacts with water in the presence
       of dilute sulphuric acid.

       Write down:

       3.2.1     the name of the type of reaction which takes place in the above
                 Reaction II                                                                 (1)

       3.2.2     the IUPAC name for compound B                                               (2)

       3.2.3     the homologous series to which compound B belongs.                          (1)

3.3    Cracking is a process used to produce petrol with an octane rating of 98. Such
       petrol is made up of a 98% saturated hydrocarbon called 2,2,4–trimethylpentane.

       3.3.1     Explain what is meant by the term cracking.                                 (2)

       3.3.2     Write down the STRUCTURAL FORMULA for 2,2,4–trimethylpentane.               (2)

                                                                                         P.T.O.

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                                     PHYSICAL SCIENCES                         9
                                     (Second Paper)              10842/14

3.4   The diagram below represents two polymers both formed through addition
      polymerisation.

                                      Molecule A

                                      Molecule B

      3.4.1    Give the structural formula for the monomer used to make
               molecule A.                                                          (2)

      3.4.2    Which of the polymers (A or B) is PVC?                               (1)

      3.4.3    State ONE industrial use of polymer A.                               (1)
                                                                                   [16]

                                                                            P.T.O.

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                                             PHYSICAL SCIENCES                            10
                                             (Second Paper)                   10842/14

QUESTION 4 (Start on a new page)

The following apparatus was used by a group of learners in an investigation to find out
how surface area affects the rate of reaction between solid magnesium metal and
100 cm3 dilute sulphuric acid with a concentration of 1 mol∙dm-3.

During the reaction, the gas that forms is collected in the gas syringe which measures
the volume of gas produced.

The equation for the reaction is:

                   Mg (s)    +   H2SO4(aq)     MgSO4(aq)         + H2 (g)

                                               gas syringe

             3
      100 cm of
                -3
      1 mol·dm of
      sulphuric acid                           magnesium ribbon

In EXPERIMENT I, 20 g of magnesium, in the form of 5 small pieces, was used.

In EXPERIMENT II, 20 g of magnesium, in the form of one big piece was used.

The learners performed the experiments and plotted a graph of their results for
experiment one, which is represented below.

                 Volume of
                        3
                 gas (cm )

                                                   Time (s)

4.1     Besides the mass and the volume of the reactants, give ONE other variable that
        must be kept constant in this investigation                                            (1)

4.2     Name the dependent variable for EXPERIMENT I.                                          (1)

                                                                                          P.T.O.

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                                       PHYSICAL SCIENCES                                 11
                                       (Second Paper)                      10842/14

4.3   Use the graph to calculate the average rate of the reaction (in cm3·s-1) for the
      first 30 seconds.                                                                       (3)

4.4   Will the rate of the reaction at 50s be GREATER THAN, LESS THAN or EQUAL
      TO that rate calculated in QUESTION 4.3?                                                (1)

4.5   Give a reason for your answer in QUESTION 4.4.                                          (1)

4.6   Predict how the gradient of EXPERIMENT II results would compare to
      EXPERIMENT I plotted above.

      Write only INCREASE, DECREASE or NO CHANGE.                                             (1)

4.7   Use the collision theory to explain how the increase in surface area of the
      magnesium metal affects the rate of the reaction.                                       (3)

4.8   Calculate the mass of magnesium metal that remains after the reaction has
      stopped.                                                                                (5)

4.9   Catalytic converters are substances that are coated onto surfaces of car
      exhausts to act as positive catalysts.

      Define a positive catalyst.                                                          (2)
                                                                                          [18]

                                                                                         P.T.O.

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                                          PHYSICAL SCIENCES                              12
                                          (Second Paper)                      10842/14

QUESTION 5 (Start on a new page)

When a number of moles of X2 (g) and Y2 (g) are placed in an empty, closed 2 dm3
container at 800 °C , a reaction takes place and eventually reaches equilibrium
according to the following equation:

                              X2(g) + 3Y2(g) ⇌ 2XY3(g)

At equilibrium there is 0,4 mol∙dm-3 of Y2 and XY3 present.

You are also given the following information for the reaction:

                          Temperature °C                         Kc
                              400                                0,8
                              600                                2,5
                              800                                4,0

5.1     Calculate the initial number of moles of X2 and Y2 placed in the container.           (9)

5.2     Is the forward reaction endothermic or exothermic?                                    (1)

5.3     Explain your answer to QUESTION 5.2.                                                  (2)

5.4     What effect will adding more Y2 (g) at 800°C have on the following?

        Answer only INCREASE, DECREASE OR STAY THE SAME.

        5.4.1      The rate of the reverse reaction                                           (1)

        5.4.2      Concentration of X2 (g)                                                    (1)

5.5     Which ONE of the following gases XY3 or X2 would be present in a higher
        concentration in the equilibrium mixture at 400°C?                                    (1)

5.6     Explain your answer to QUESTION 5.5.                                               (2)
                                                                                          [17]

                                                                                         P.T.O.

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                                          PHYSICAL SCIENCES                                 13
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QUESTION 6 (Start on a new page)

You are given the following ionisation reaction of ethanoic acid in water:

          CH3COOH (aq) ⇌ CH3COO- (aq) + H+ (aq)                  Ka=1,8 x 10-5

6.1     What does the ionisation constant indicate about the strength of the acid?               (1)

6.2     What is meant by a concentrated acid?                                                    (2)

6.3     H2PO4- is an ampholyte.
        Write an equation to indicate its role as a base.                                        (2)

6.4     Write down a conjugate acid/base pair from your equation in QUESTION 6.3.                (1)

6.5     Milk of Magnesia has been used over the ages to relieve stomach ailments
        caused by excess stomach acid. The active ingredient in Milk of Magnesia is
        magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2).

        A group of learners prepare a solution of magnesium hydroxide.

        6.5.1      What mass of Mg(OH)2 must be dissolved in distilled water to prepare
                   500 cm3 of a solution with a concentration of 0,20 mol∙dm-3?                  (5)

        6.5.2      What will the concentration of the hydroxide ions in the solution be?
                   Assume 100% dissociation of magnesium hydroxide in water.                     (2)

        6.5.3      The pH of any medicine safe for human consumption must lie
                   between pH = 4 and pH =9.

                   Will this solution that the learners prepare be safe for human
                   consumption? Show all calculations.                                           (5)

6.6     The learners now check the concentration of their solution that they made. They
        run a titration using hydrochloric acid of concentration 0,1 mol∙dm-3 . They
        transfer 25 cm3 of the magnesium hydroxide solution into a conical flask.

        The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is:

                Mg(OH)2 (aq) + 2HCℓ (aq)                    MgCℓ2 (aq) + 2 H20(ℓ)

        Determine what volume of HCℓ will be needed to fully neutralise the Milk of
        Magnesia if the concentration is actually 0,2 mol∙dm-3.                               (4)
                                                                                             [22]

                                                                                            P.T.O.

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                                              PHYSICAL SCIENCES                                     14
                                              (Second Paper)                        10842/14

QUESTION 7 (Start on a new page)

Aluminium oxide is an ionic compound. It is found in the earth’s crust as an ore called
bauxite. In order to obtain aluminium, the aluminium oxide is melted and then
electricity is passed through it.

      anode

                   -                                          -
                          +             +            +
      cathode                                                      bauxite plus
                                                                     cryolite (melt)

                                         -                            molten
                                                                      aluminium

7.1      Define the term electrolytic cell.                                                              (2)

7.2      Write down the NAMES or FORMULAE of the ions present in the melt.                               (2)

7.3      Write down the half reaction that occurs at the anode.                                          (2)

7.4      Write down the half reaction that occurs at the cathode.                                        (2)

7.5      Calculate the cell potential for this electrolytic cell if the reaction occurring at the
         anode has an electrode potential of -0,56 V.                                                    (4)

7.6      Explain why the anodes have to be replaced on a regular basis.                               (1)
                                                                                                     [13]

                                                                                                    P.T.O.

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                                         PHYSICAL SCIENCES                                  15
                                         (Second Paper)                      10842/14

QUESTION 8 (Start on a new page)

The equations A and B below represent two redox reactions.

                  A: 2Aℓ2O3 (s) + 3C (s) → 4Aℓ (ℓ) + 3CO2 (g)
                  B: Zn(s) + 2Ag+(aq) ⇌ Zn2+ (aq) + 2Ag (s)

8.1    Define oxidation in terms of electron transfer.                                           (2)

8.2    Write down the FORMULA of the substance which is:

       8.2.1      Reduced in reaction A.                                                         (1)

       8.2.2      The reducing agent in reaction B.                                              (1)

8.3    A Zn-Ag cell has a cell potential difference of 1,56 V under standard conditions.
       The cell is allowed to run for 3 hours and the cell potential drops to 1,45 V.
       Using Le Chatelier’s principle, explain the drop in potential difference.                 (3)

8.4    For reaction A, write down the half-reaction at cathode.                                  (2)

8.5    What type of energy conversion occurs in a galvanic cell?                              (1)
                                                                                             [10]
QUESTION 9 (Start on a new page)

In the CONTACT process for the manufacture of sulphuric acid the second step of the
process produces sulphur (VI) oxide as in the following equation:

                 2SO2(g) + O2 (g) ⇌ 2 SO3 (g)        H = -197 kJ·mol-1

The rate of the formation of SO3 is increased in a number of ways using rate and
equilibrium principles.

9.1    Name the catalyst used in the Contact Process.                                            (1)

9.2    Ammonia compounds are necessary for the production of fertiliser.            It is
       manufactured in the Haber process.

       Give a balanced equation for the Haber process.                                           (3)

9.3    Calculate the number of moles of nitrogen in a bag of fertiliser that has a ratio
       of 7:1:3 (22). The mass of the bag is 5 kg.                                               (5)

9.4    The abuse of large amounts of fertiliser can result in the enrichment of inorganic
       plant nutrients in water sources. Explain how this leads to dead and decaying
       plant material.                                                                        (1)
                                                                                             [10]
                                                              TOTAL FOR SECTION B:           130
                                                                                TOTAL:       150

                                             END

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                                                                       PHYSICAL SCIENCES              16
                                                                       (Second Paper)    10842/14

                               DATA FOR PHYSICAL SCIENCES GRADE 12
                                       PAPER 2 (CHEMISTRY)

                         GEGEWENS VIR FISIESE WETENSKAPPE GRAAD 12
                                    VRAESTEL 2 (CHEMIE)

TABLE 1: PHYSICAL CONSTANTS/TABEL 1: FISIESE KONSTANTES

NAME/NAAM                                 SYMBOL/SIMBOOL                         VALUE/WAARDE
Avogadro's constant
                                                        NA                        6,02 x 1023 mol-1
Avogadro-konstante
Standard pressure
                                                         p                        1,013 x 105 Pa
Standaarddruk
Molar gas volume at STP
                                                        Vm                         22,4 dm3∙mol-1
Molêre gasvolume by STD
Standard temperature
Standaardtemperatuur                                     T                                273 K
Charge on electron
                                                         e                          -1,6 x 10-19 C
Lading op elektron

TABLE 2: FORMULAE/TABEL 2: FORMULES

    m                                                    N
 n                                                   n
    M                                                    NA
    V                                                    n                             m
 n                                                   c               or/of      c
    Vm                                                   V                             MV

 pH = -log[H3O+]                                      Kw = [H3O+][OH-] = 1 x 10-14 at/by 298 K

  CaVa na
      
  CbVb nb

 Eθcell  Eθcathode  Eθanode / Eθsel  Ekatode
                                         θ
                                                 Eθanode

 or/of
 Eθcell  Ereduction
           θ
                      Eθoxidation / Eθsel  Ereduksie
                                              θ
                                                        Eθoksidasie

 or/of
 Eθcell  Eθoxidisingagent  Ereducing
                              θ
                                       agent / E sel  Eoksideermiddel  Ereduseermiddel
                                                 θ      θ                 θ

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                                                                                                                PHYSICAL SCIENCES / (Second Paper)                                            10842/14          17
                                           TABLE 3: THE PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS / TABEL 3: DIE PERIODIEKE TABEL VAN ELEMENTE

       1           2           3           4           5           6           7           8            9           10          11           12       13          14             15       16          17         18
      (I)         (II)                                                                                                                               (III)       (IV)            (V)     (VI)        (VII)      (VIII)
                                                                                    Atomic number
        1                                        KEY/SLEUTEL                          Atoomgetal                                                                                                                     2
2,1    H                                                                                                                                                                                                         He
        1                                                                                  29                                                                                                                     4
        3           4                             Electronegativity                                         Symbol                                        5           6           7           8           9       10
1,0         1,5                                                                      1,9   Cu                                                      2,0         2,5         3,0         3,5         4,0
       Li          Be                            Elektronegatiwiteit
                                                                                           63,5
                                                                                                            Simbool                                       B           C           N          O            F      Ne
        7           9                                                                                                                                    11          12           14         16          19       20
       11           12                                                                                                                                   13          14           15         16          17       18
0,9   Na    1,2   Mg                                           Approximate relative atomic mass                                                    1,5   Aℓ    1,8   Si    2,1    P    2,5    S    3,0   Cℓ       Ar
       23           24                                         Benaderde relatiewe atoommassa                                                            27          28           31         32          35,5     40
       19           20         21          22          23          24          25          26           27          28          29           30          31          32           33         34           35      36
0,8    K    1,0    Ca    1,3   Sc    1,5   Ti    1,6    V    1,6   Cr    1,5   Mn    1,8   Fe     1,8   Co    1,8   Ni    1,9   Cu     1,6   Zn    1,6   Ga    1,8   Ge    2,0   As    2,4   Se    2,8   Br       Kr
       39           40         45          48          51          52          55          56           59          59          63,5         65          70          73           75         79          80       84
       37           38         39          40          41          42          43          44           45          46           47          48          49          50           51         52          53       54
0,8   Rb    1,0    Sr    1,2   Y     1,4   Zr          Nb    1,8   Mo    1,9   Tc    2,2   Ru     2,2   Rh    2,2   Pd    1,9   Ag     1,7   Cd    1,7   In    1,8   Sn    1,9   Sb    2,1   Te    2,5    I       Xe
       86           88         89          91          92          96                      101          103         106         108          112         115         119         122         128         127      131
       55           56         57          72          73          74          75           76           77          78          79           80         81           82          83         84           85       86
0,7   Cs    0,9    Ba          La    1,6   Hf          Ta          W           Re          Os            Ir         Pt          Au           Hg    1,8   Tℓ    1,8   Pb    1,9    Bi   2,0   Po    2,5   At      Rn
      133          137         139         179         181         184         186         190          192         195         197          201         204         207         209
       87           88          89
0,7    Fr   0,9    Ra          Ac                      58          59          60          61           62          63          64           65          66          67          68          69          70      71
                   226
                                                   Ce              Pr      Nd         Pm           Sm           Eu          Gd           Tb          Dy          Ho              Er      Tm          Yb         Lu
                                                   140         141         144                      150         152         157          159         163         165         167         169         173        175
                                                       90          91          92          93           94          95          96           97          98          99      100         101         102        103
                                                   Th          Pa              U       Np           Pu         Am          Cm            Bk              Cf      Es          Fm          Md          No          Lr
                                                   232                     238

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                                                                                           PHYSICAL SCIENCES                                                                                      18
                                                                                           (Second Paper)                          10842/14
                                                              ABLE 4A: STANDARD REDUCTION POTENTIALS /
                                                              TABEL 4A: STANDAARD REDUKSIEPOTENSIALE

                                                                    Half-reactions/Halfreaksies                          E θ (V)
                                                                          F2(g) + 2e            ⇌   2F                 + 2,87
                                                                            Co + e
                                                                                                        2+
                                                                              3+
                                                                                                 ⇌   Co                  + 1,81

                                                                                                                                      Increasing reducing ability/Toenemende reduserende vermoë
                                                                     H2O2 + 2H +2e              ⇌
                                                                               +
                                                                                                     2H2O                + 1,77
                                                                        
                                                                  MnO 4 + 8H + 5e
                                                                                                          2+
                                                                                   +
                                                                                                 ⇌   Mn         + 4H2O   + 1,51

Increasing oxidising ability/Toenemende oksiderende vermoë
                                                                                             
                                                                            Cℓ2(g) + 2e          ⇌   2Cℓ                + 1,36
                                                                      2
                                                                 Cr2O 7 + 14H + 6e
                                                                                                           3+
                                                                             +
                                                                                                 ⇌   2Cr        + 7H2O   + 1,33
                                                                                             
                                                                                  +
                                                                    O2(g) + 4H + 4e              ⇌   2H2O                + 1,23
                                                                    MnO2 + 4H + 2e
                                                                                                        2+
                                                                               +
                                                                                                 ⇌   Mn + 2H2O           + 1,23
                                                                            Pt + 2e             ⇌
                                                                              2+
                                                                                                     Pt                  + 1,20
                                                                          Br2(ℓ) + 2e           ⇌   2Br                + 1,07
                                                                        
                                                                    NO 3 + 4H + 3e              ⇌
                                                                                   +
                                                                                                     NO(g) + 2H2O        + 0,96
                                                                                Hg + 2e         ⇌
                                                                                  2+
                                                                                                     Hg(ℓ)               + 0,85
                                                                                 Ag + e         ⇌
                                                                                   +
                                                                                                     Ag                  + 0,80
                                                                            
                                                                     NO 3 + 2H + e              ⇌
                                                                                       +
                                                                                                     NO2(g) + H2O        + 0,80
                                                                                                      2+
                                                                             Fe + e
                                                                                   3+
                                                                                                 ⇌   Fe                  + 0,77
                                                                    O2(g) + 2H + 2e             ⇌
                                                                               +
                                                                                                     H2O2                + 0,68
                                                                              I2 + 2e           ⇌   2I                 + 0,54
                                                                             Cu + e             ⇌
                                                                                 +
                                                                                                     Cu                  + 0,52
                                                                     SO2 + 4H + 4e              ⇌
                                                                               +
                                                                                                     S + 2H2O            + 0,45
                                                                     2H2O + O2 + 4e             ⇌   4OH                + 0,40
                                                                           Cu + 2e              ⇌
                                                                              2+
                                                                                                     Cu                  + 0,34
                                                                      2
                                                                   SO 4 + 4H + 2e               ⇌
                                                                                  +
                                                                                                     SO2(g) + 2H2O       + 0,17
                                                                            Cu + e
                                                                                                       +
                                                                                   2+
                                                                                                 ⇌   Cu                  + 0,16
                                                                           Sn + 2e
                                                                                                        2+
                                                                              4+
                                                                                                 ⇌   Sn                  + 0,15
                                                                        S + 2H + 2e             ⇌
                                                                               +
                                                                                                     H2S(g)              + 0,14
                                                                            2H + 2e
                                                                               +
                                                                                                 ⇌   H2(g)                0,00
                                                                           Fe + 3e              ⇌                        0,06
                                                                              3+
                                                                                                     Fe
                                                                           Pb + 2e              ⇌                        0,13
                                                                              2+
                                                                                                     Pb
                                                                           Sn + 2e              ⇌                        0,14
                                                                              2+
                                                                                                     Sn
                                                                            Ni + 2e             ⇌                        0,27
                                                                              2+
                                                                                                     Ni
                                                                           Co + 2e              ⇌                        0,28
                                                                              2+
                                                                                                     Co
                                                                           Cd + 2e              ⇌                        0,40
                                                                              2+
                                                                                                     Cd
                                                                             Cr + e
                                                                                                        2+
                                                                                                 ⇌                        0,41
                                                                                3+
                                                                                                     Cr
                                                                           Fe + 2e              ⇌                        0,44
                                                                              2+
                                                                                                     Fe
                                                                           Cr + 3e              ⇌                        0,74
                                                                              3+
                                                                                                     Cr
                                                                           Zn + 2e              ⇌                        0,76
                                                                              2+
                                                                                                     Zn
                                                                          2H2O + 2e             ⇌   H2(g) + 2OH         0,83
                                                                           Cr + 2e              ⇌                        0,91
                                                                              2+
                                                                                                     Cr
                                                                           Mn + 2e              ⇌                        1,18
                                                                              2+
                                                                                                     Mn
                                                                            Aℓ + 3e             ⇌                        1,66
                                                                              3+
                                                                                                     Aℓ
                                                                           Mg + 2e              ⇌                        2,36
                                                                              2+
                                                                                                     Mg
                                                                             Na + e             ⇌                        2,71
                                                                                 +
                                                                                                     Na
                                                                           Ca + 2e              ⇌                        2,87
                                                                              2+
                                                                                                     Ca
                                                                            Sr + 2e             ⇌                        2,89
                                                                              2+
                                                                                                     Sr
                                                                           Ba + 2e              ⇌                        2,90
                                                                              2+
                                                                                                     Ba
                                                                                 +   -
                                                                              Cs + e             ⇌   Cs                  – 2,92
                                                                               K + e            ⇌                        2,93
                                                                                 +
                                                                                                     K
                                                                              Li + e            ⇌                        3,05
                                                                                 +
                                                                                                     Li

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