# Geography Grade 12 Paper 1 KZN Prelim 2019 Question Paper

> Grade 12 Geography Paper 1 question paper from the KZN Prelim 2019, 29 pages. Read online or get the free PDF download, memo linked when available.

- Page: https://www.hlayiso.com/library/2019-kzn-prelim-p1-qp/207a69a9-36c9-408b-b069-66325e6ee292
- Updated: 2026-09-27
- Subject: Geography
- Grade: Grade 12
- Document type: Question paper
- Year: 2019
- Exam period: KZN Prelim
- Paper: 1
- Curriculum: CAPS
- Pages: 29

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## About this document

Geography · Grade 12 · KZN Prelim · 2019. Question paper, 29 pages. Read online or download the PDF.

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### Page 1

education

Department:
Education

PROVINCE OF KWAZULU-NATAL

GRADE 12

fH GEOGRAPHY P1 "
| i PREPARATORY EXAMINATION "

" SEPTEMBER 2019 "

| MARKS: 225
TIME: 3 hours

This question paper consists of 16 pages and
] an Annexure of 13 pages.

NATIONAL
SENIOR CERTIFICATE

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| Mets ia = saute sss: San

### Page 2

Geography/P1 2. September 2019 Preparatory Examination
NSC

INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION

aL This question paper consists of FOUR questions.

2 Answer ANY THREE questions of 75 marks each.

. ALL diagrams are included in the ANNEXURE.

4. Leave a line open between subsections of questions answered.
. Start EACH question at the top of a NEW page.

6. Number your answers correctly according to the numbering system used in
this question paper.

7 Do NOT write in the margins of your ANSWER BOOK.
8. Where possible, illustrate your answers with labelled diagrams.

9. Write clearly and legibly.

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### Page 3

Ge---- September 2019 Preparatory Examination

SECTION A: CLIMATE, WEATHER AND GEOMORPHOLOGY
QUESTION 1

1.1. Refer FIGURE 1.1 which shows a station model from a synoptic weather

map to answer the following questions. Write only the answer next to the
i : i ~@.g. 1-1-9 snow

1.1.1 Give the air temperature.

1.1.2 State the wind direction.

1.1.3 Give the dew point temperature.

1.1.4 Give the wind speed

1.1.5 State the type of precipitation illustrated.

1.1.6 Indicate the cloud cover.

1.1.7 Is the relative humidity for the station model 65% or 96%?

1.1.8 Is this weather station model associated with stable or unstable
atmospheric condition? (8 x 1) (8)

1.2 Refer to FIGURE 1.2 showing a river meander. Match the slopes A and B
in the sketch with the descriptions given below. Write only the letter A or B
next to the question numbers (1.2.1 — 1.2.7) in your ANSWER BOOK.
e.g. 1.2.8B

1.2.1. The outer bend of the river
1.2.2 Erosion is the main process
1.2.3. The slope is convex in shape
1.2.4 Known as the slip-off slope
1.2.5 Water flows faster at this point
1.2.6 The slope has a gentle gradient

1.2.7 Deposition is the main process
(7x 1) (7)

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### Page 4

Geography/P1 4 September 2019 Preparatory Examination

NSC

1.3. Refer to FIGURE 1.3, showing the path of Tropical Cyclone Idai.

1.3.1. How many tropical cyclones occurred before Tropical Cyclone
Idai?

1.3.2 Explain the term ‘storm surge’ mentioned in FIGURE 1.3.

1.3.3 Provide TWO pieces of evidence from Figure 1.3 to suggest
that Cyclone Idai was classified as a category 3 storm.

1.3.4 In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines suggest sustainable
strategies that could be implemented in order to decrease the
devastation of future tropical cyclone events in this region.

1.4 Study FIGURE 1.4, an article on Urban Climates.
1.4.1. Which land-use zone in a city records the higest temperatures?

1.4.2 Give the term used to describe the increased temperature

experienced in the land-use zone mentioned in QUESTION 1.4.1.

1.4.3 Suggest TWO possible reasons for the high temperatures
recorded in the part of the city mentioned in QUESTION 1.4.1.

1.4.4 Explain the term greenbelt.

1.4.5 Discuss the positive impact that greenbelt development will
have on cities/urban areas.

1.4.6 Although the development of greenbelts in a city is a modern
trend, its development is met with a number of challenges.
Evaluate TWO challenges of greenbelt development in cities/
urban areas.

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(1x 1) (1)

(1 x 2) (2)

(2 x 2) (4)

(4 x 2) (8)

(x1) 1)

(1x 1) (1)

(2 x 2) (4)

(1x1) (1)

(2 x 2) (4)

(2 x 2) (4)

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Geogranhw/p4

September 2019 Preparatory Examination

1.5 Refer to FIGURE 1.5 showing a Fluvial Landform.

1.5.1 Mention the erosional process responsible for the waterfall

moving upstream. (1x 1) (1)
1.5.2 How does the varying resistance of rocks shown in FIGURE 1.5

contribute to the formation of waterfalls? (4-*2)(2)
1.5.3 Explain TWO climatological factors can affect the rate at which

the erosional process mentioned in QUESTION 1.5.2 will occur. (2 x 2) (4)
1.5.4 Explain TWO ways in which rejuvenation will impact on the

waterfall over time. (2 x 2) (4)
1.5.5 Discuss the economic benefits of the waterfall to the local

communities. (2 x 2) (4)

1.6 Refer to FIGURE 1.6 showing river capture.

1.6.1 Which river, A or B, is the captor river? (1x 1)(1)
1.6.2 Give a reason for your answer in QUESTION 1.6.1. (1 x 2) (2)
1.6.3 Explain TWO possible reasons for river capture taking place in

FIGURE 1.6. (2 x 2) (4)
1.6.4 In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, describe how the

changes in the river discharge of rivers C and D would affect

the erosional and depositional capacity of each of the two rivers. (4 x 2) (8)

[75]

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### Page 6

Geography/P1 6 September 2019 Preparatory Examination
NSC

QUESTION 2

2.1 Refer to FIGURE 2.1 showing the influence of slope aspect on a valley
in the Southern Hemisphere. Write only the correct letter/answer next to
the question number (2.1.1 — 2.1.7) in the ANSWER BOOK. e.g. 2.1.8 B
2.1.1. Which slope A or B is receiving the direct sun rays?‘
2.1.2 Which slope A or B is called the shadow zone?
2.1.3 High income settlements are most likely to develop at A, B or C?
2.1.4 Are forests most likely to be found on slope A or B?
2.1.5 Will slope A or B-have the highest ground water content?
2.1.6 Will slope A or B be most suitable for sugar cane farming?
2.1.7 In which season will the influence of slope aspect be more

prominent? oS (7x 1) (7)

2.2 Choose the term from COLUMN B that matches the descriptions in
COLUMN A. Write only the letter (A — !) next to the question number
(2.2.1 — 2.2.8) in the ANSWER BOOK. e.g. 2.2.9 radial

COLUMN A COLUMN B
2.2.1 Channels that are separated by islands of A. Ox-bow lake
deposited material. :
: B. Levees
2.2.2 A cut-off meander that contains water. :.
C. Superimposed
2.2.3 The drainage system maintains its original
course over a landscape that has undergone D. Braided streams
upliftment.
E. Rapids
2.2.4 Feature formed due to deposition at the mouth
of the river. E Delta
2.2.5 Raised banks of a river. G. Flood plain
2.2.6 Wide area of flat land along a river in the lower H. Confluence
course.
I. Antecedent
2.2.7 Feature develops where streams flow over
bands of hard rock which dip upstream.
2.2.8 Point where one river in the network joins °:
another.

(8 x 1) (8)

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Groen bins ~ September 2019 Preparatory Examination

2.3 Refer to FIGURE 2.3, based on a local wind.

2.3.1 Identify the wind described in FIGURE 2.3. (1x 1) (1)
2.3.2 Name the season during which this local wind blows. (1 x 1) (1)
2.3.3 What is the relationsip between this local wind and veld fires? (1 x 1) (1)

2.3.4 Name the specific weather phenomena/systems necessary for
the development of the wind mentioned in QUESTION 2.3.1. (2 x 1) (2)

2.3.5 Explain why these winds are hot and dry. (1 x 2) (2)

2.3.6 In a paragraph of approxiamately EIGHT lines discuss the impact
that these winds would have on the farming community and the
natural environment in the KZN midlands and surrounding areas. (4 x 2) (8)

2.4 Study FIGURE 2.4, a satellite image of a low presssure system over
South Africa.

2.4.1 Identify the low pressure system on the satellite image. (1x 1) (1)

2.4.2 Give TWO pieces of evidence from the satellite image to support
your answer to QUESTION 2.4.1. (2 x 1) (2)

2.4.3. Explain TWO weather changes associated with the passing of
the cold front (X — Y) over Cape Town on the satellite image. (2 x 2) (4)

2.4.4 Draw a fully labelled cross section, of the cold front part of the
low pressure system in FIGURE 2.4. (4.x 1) (4)

2.4.5 Discuss the positive impact this low pressure system will have
on the farming community of the Western Cape. (2 x 2) (4)

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### Page 8

Geography/P1 8 September 2019 Preparatory Examination
NSC

2.5 Refer to FIGURE 2.5, which shows a drainage basin.
2.5.1 Define the term drainage basin. (1 x 1) (1)
2.5.2 Determine the stream order at A. (1 x 2) (2)

2.5.3 The drainage pattern at area B is dendritic. Provide TWO
reasons to support this statement. (2 x 2) (4)

2.5.4 With reference to porosity of rocks, compare the drainage
density at area B with that of area C (2 x 2) (4)

2.5.5 The river energy at E is higher than at D. Give TWO reasons to
support this statement (2 x 2) (4)

2.6 Refer to FIGURE 2.6, on river management.
2.6.1 Define the term river management. (1.x 1) (1)

2.6.2 Provide TWO pieces of evidence from the photograph showing
poor river management. (2 x 1) (2)

2.6.3. Recommend TWO ways in which the local municipality can
reduce the impact of the problems mentioned in QUESTION
2.6.2 caused by settlements located close to rivers. (2 x 2) (4)

2.6.4 In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, explain why it is
crucial (very important) to maintain the health (quality of water)
of rivers in South Africa. (4 x 2) (8)

[75]

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### Page 9

Geog! September 2019 Preparatory Examination

SECTION B: RURAL AND URBAN SETTLEMENT, ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY
OF SOUTH AFRICA

QUESTION 3

3.1. Study FIGURE 3.1 showing rural settlement patterns. Match the descriptions

pattern next to the question number (3.4.4 — 3.1.8) in the ANSWER BOOK,
for example 3.1.9 Dispersed.

3.1.1. Farmers are independent and can experiment with modern
equipment.

3.1.2 Basic services such as schooling are far away.

3.1.3 These settlements have a long and narrow shape.

3.1.4 Safety is an advantage because of large number of farmers.
3.1.5 These farms require large amounts of capital to be sustained.
3.1.6 Farmer will have fragmented pieces of land.

3.1.7 Buildings are located close together.

3.1.8 Lack of privacy is a disadvantage in this settlement pattern. (8 x 1) (8)

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Geography/P1 10 September 2019 Preparatory Examination
NSC

3.2 Choose the correct term/phrase that matches the descriptions below.
Write only the correct term/phrase next to question number (3.2.1 — 3.2.7)
€.g. 3.2.8 PE - Uitenhage.

Growth points; Deconcentration points; — Spatial Development Initiative;
Industrial Development Zone; Maputo Corridor; — Centralisation;
Reconstruction and Development program;

Growth, Employment and Redistribution

3.2.1 A program to initiate and support a series of development
corridors stretching across South Africa.

3.2.2 Each of these areas are directly connected to a harbour or port.

3.2.3 A pre-1994 development strategy, where industries were set up
in remote areas with adequate infrastructure.

3.2.4 A strategy concentrating on meeting the people’s basic needs.

3.2.5 When industries and activities are concentrated around a central
point or economic advantage.

3.2.6 Pre-apartheid economic strategy, where industrial development
sites were located outside main metropolitan areas.

3.2.7 This trade infrastructure connects Gauteng with the capital of
Mozambique. (7 x 1) (7)

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Grrneecbeins “* September 2019 Preparatory Examination

3.3. Refer to FIGURE 3.3 based on a rural social justice issue.

3.3.1 Name the resource mentioned in FIGURE 3.3 that rural people
have limited access to. (1 x 1)(1)

3.3.2 Why is this resource mentioned in QUESTION 3.3.1 considered

to-be-a-social justice issue? (4% 44)

3.3.3 According to the article, what has contributed to the lack of this
resource mentioned in QUESTION 3.3.1 (1 x 1) (1)

3.3.4 What is meant by ‘a water shedding system’ in the context of
the article in FIGURE 3.3? (1 x 2) (2)

3.3.5 Why has it not been possible to provide reliable water
infrastructure to the rural community of Beaufort West? (2 x 2) (4)

3.3.6 Evaluate the negative impact of the water crisis on employment
in rural areas. (2 x 2) (4)

3.4 Refer to FIGURE 3.4 showing urban land-use models.
3.4.1 Identify the urban land-use models labelled B and C. (2 x 1) (2)
3.4.2 Explain the purpose of developing urban land-use models. (1 x 2) (2)

3.4.3 Refer to land-use zone 1.
(a) | Name land-use zone 1. (1 x 1) (4)

(b) Account for land-use zone 1’s central location in urban
land-use models A and B. (2 x 1) (2)

(c) | Why has the location of land-use zone 1 changed in
land-use model C? (1 x 2) (2)

3.4.4 Refer to land-use zone 2 in Urban land-use model A.
In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines explain why buildings
in this zone are generally in a poor state of disrepair and outline
strategies planners can employ to revitalise(restore) this zone. (4 x 2) (8)

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Geography/P1 12 September 2019 Preparatory Examination
NSC

3.5 Refer to FIGURE 3.5, an article on food security.

3.5.1 What percentage of South Africans do not have a secure
access to food? (1x 1) (1)

3.5.2 According to the article, explain ONE reason for food insecurity
in South Africa. (1 x 2) (2)

3.5.3 Give the measure that is used to determine food security in
South Africa. (1x 1)(1)

3.5.4 Why is it important to ensure food security in South Africa? (1 x 2) (2)

3.5.5 Mention TWO economic factors resulting in food
insecurity in South Africa. (2 x 2) (4)

3.5.6 Discuss TWO sustainable measures that can be implemented
to ensure food security for all South Africans. (2 x 2) (4)

3.6 Refer to FIGURE 3.6 showing the largest core industrial area in South

Africa.
3.6.1 Name the core industrial area shown in FIGURE 3.6. (x 41) Gl)
3.6.2 In which province is this industrial area located? (1x 1) (1)

3.6.3 State TWO important industrial activities found in the
core industrial area mentioned in QUESTION 3.6.1. (2 x 1) (2)

3.6.4 Mention any TWO factors evident in FIGURE 3.6 that favoured
the development of this core industrial area. (2 x 2) (4)

3.6.5 ‘The concentration of industrial activities in the illustrated core
industrial area has a negative impact on people living there.’
In a paragraph approximately EIGHT lines, discuss the above
statement. (4 x 2)(8)
[75]

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Georwenh 04

49

QUESTION 4

September 2019 Preparatory Examination

4.1. Choose a description from COLUMN A that matches the word(s)/concepts
in COLUMN B. Write only the letter (A-H) next to the question number
(4.1.1 — 4.1.8) in the ANSWER BOOK. e.g. 4.1.9 Urban profile

COLUMNA | COLUMNB._]

4.1.

41

1 Asmall settlement with few functions.

4.1.2 Asystem of ranking items, people or places

according to level of importance or size.

.3 The minimum number of people required for

a business to be successful.

4.1.4 The maximum distance a customer is willing

to travel to purchase goods.

4.1.5 Services that are required every day and are

frequently used.

4.1.6 A large settlement with many functions, e.g.

a city.

4.1.7 The area from which a business draws its

customers.

4.1.8 Provides goods and services to surrounding

rural areas.

urban hierarchy
high-order services
high-order centre
sphere of influence
low-order centre
central place

threshold
population

es =m 0 QB >

H. low-order service

z range

(8 x 1) (8)

4.2 Choose the correct term/phrase that matches the descriptions below.
Write the correct term/phrase next to question number (4.2.1 — 4.2.7).

e.g.

4.2.8 ubiquitous industries.

Raw-material oriented; | Footloose industries;

Informal sector; Bridge industries;
Heavy industry; Quaternary activity;

Import substitution;

Light industry

4.2.1. Type of employment where people find work for themselves and

are not contracted to a business or company.

4.2.2 Provision of intellectual services/high level of research.

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Geography/P1 14 September 2019 Preparatory Examination
NSC

4.2.3 Industries that tend to be very labour intensive.

4.2.4 Industries located where one means of transport is replaced by
another.

4.2.5 The replacement of goods which were previously imported with
locally produced ones.

4.2.6 Industries located over a geographical area without concentration
in one particular region.

4.2.7 The type of industry that is a weight losing industry eg. Sugar mill.

(7 x 1) (7)
4.3. Refer to FIGURE 4.3 showing rural-urban migration.
4.3.1 Define the term rural-urban migration. (1 x 1) (1)
4.3.2 Provide ONE piece of evidence, from FIGURE 4.3, for people
leaving the rural area. (1 x 1)(1)
4.3.3. The rural towns that are left behind are often referred to as
‘Ghost Towns’. Explain what you understand by this term. (1 x 1) (1)

4.3.4 Mention THREE possible ways that the people's positive
perception (idea) of urban life in FIGURE 4.3 will be shattered. (3 x 2) (6)

4.3.5 Explain the economic importance for maintaining or improving
rural settlements. (3 x 2) (6)

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| 4.4

September 2019 Preparatory Examination

Refer to FIGURE 4.4 based on an urban settlement issue.
4.4.1. What is an informal settlement? (1 x 1)(1)

4.4.2 Explain ONE possible reason why the outbreak of a fire would

be a serious issue in the informal settlement depicted in
FIGURE 4.4.

4.5

cy
x
1
Ea
2

4.4.3. Why would it be difficult for emergency vehicles like the fire
brigade, ambulance and police to have access and put out a
blaze in the informal settlement depicted in FIGURE 4.4. (2 x 2) (4)

4.4.4 Ina paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, suggest possible
short-term and long-term strategies that the government can
implement to assist residents of these settlements to reduce
the chance of future fires occurring. (4 x 2) (8)

Refer to FIGURE 4.5, an article on mining in South Africa.

4.5.1 What percentage does the mining sector contribute to the GDP
of South Africa according to the information in FIGURE 4.5? (1x 1)(1)

4.5.2 With reference to FIGURE 4.5, account for the high percentage
that mining contributes to the economy of South Africa. (2 x 2) (4)

4.5.3 Discuss THREE factors that favour the mining sector in
South Africa. (3 x 2) (6)

4.5.4 Mention ONE way in which mining can negatively affect the
environment and suggest a solution for the issue mentioned. (2 x 2) (4)

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Geography/P1 16 September 2019 Preparatory Examination
NSC

4.6 Refer to FIGURE 4.6 an extract on the Saldanha Bay IDZ.
4.6.1 In which province is the Saldanha Bay IDZ situated. (1x 1) (1)

4.6.2 Name ONE secondary project and ONE tertiary project that are
being invested in, mentioned in FIGURE 4.6. (2 x 1) (2)

4.6.3 Suggest how improved infrastructure facilities will attract new
investment in the Saldanha Bay region. (2 x 2) (4)

4.6.4 Foreign and local investment in the Saldanha Bay IDZ will have
a positive impact on this region. In a paragraph of approximately
EIGHT lines, explain how this investment initiative will benefit
the local people. (4 x 2) (8)

[75]

GRAND TOTAL: 225

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### Page 17

education

Department:
Education

PROVINCE OF KWAZULU-NATAL

GRADE 12
Pe Seimbiiemiataad ip cctntinns! elo le cy lila AGE latin yt a
“ GEOGRAPHY P1 ‘
: ANNEXURE X
" SEPTEMBER 2019 4
i a
* PREPARATORY EXAMINATION
*onuwnntepiteehe ces cieehbiieseetoneeusess ener i

C ight R d
Opyright Reserve

NATIONAL
SENIOR CERTIFICATE

This Annexure consists of 13 pages.

### Page 18

Geography/P1 2 September 2019 Preparatory Examination
NSC ~ Annexure

QUESTION 1

FIGURE 1.1: WEATHER STATION MODEL

28

27

{Source: https:/Awww.symbols.com/weather/}

FIGURE 1.2: RIVER MEANDER

[https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meander]

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### Page 19

Geonranhw/D4 a September 2019 Preparatory Examination

FIGURE 1.3: TROPICAL CYCLONE IDAI

CYCLONE IDAI 'MIGHT BE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE'S WORST SUCH DISASTER’

MADAGASCAR

SOUTH AFRICA

The devastating cyclone that hit south-eastern Africa may be the worst ever disaster to strike
the southern hemisphere. Idai's estimated maximum sustained winds topped out at 188
km/hr on Monday, the equivalent of a Category 3 storm. Storm surges, which reached up 4m
in height were experienced in the coastal city of Beira.

Cyclone Idai has swept through Mozambique, Malawi and Zimbabwe over the past few
days, destroying almost everything in its path, causing devastating floods, killing and injuring
thousands of people and ruining crops. More than 2.6 million people could be affected
across the three countries. The port city of Beira, which was hit on Friday and is home to
500,000 people, is now an “island in the ocean”, almost completely cut off. Houses, roads
and telegraph poles are completely submerged.

The official death tolls in Mozambique, Zimbabwe and Malawi stands at 750 at this time.

[{Source: Adapted from Ruth Maclean in Dakar Tue 19 Mar 2019 21.23 GMT
First published on Tue 19 Mar 2019 11.40 GMT

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### Page 20

Geography/P1 4 September 2019 Preparatory Examination
NSC — Annexure

FIGURE 1.4: URBAN CLIMATES

Greenbelt development is one of the most sustainable solutions to
increased temperatures in urban areas. There are a number of ways to
reduce the temperature in urban areas: plant more trees, develop
greenbelts and green open spaces in the city or urban areas. Greenbelts
reintroduce indigenous vegetation and encourage bird and animal life.
The green open spaces serve as a “green lung” providing healthy outdoor
living and purifying the air.

‘ SiS
[Source: Adapted from New Trend in Urban Developments://www.sciencedirect.com]

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### Page 21

Geog September 2019 Preparatory Examination

FIGURE 1.5: FLUVIAL LANDFORM

Waterfall retreats
<-

— Overhang collapses

Pebbles,
stones and
boulders

ie

[Source: Adapted from https://www.slideshare.net/.../geography-igcse-river-landforms]

FIGURE 1.6: RIVER CAPTURE

Before Capture After Capture

[Source: Adapted from Earths Surface]

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### Page 22

Geography/P1 6 September 2019 Preparatory Examination
NSC — Annexure

QUESTION 2

FIGURE 2.1: MICRO CLIMATE: SLOPE ASPECT

Equal amount of insolatio:

South

ac p-

[Source: Adapted from http://learn.mindset.co.za

FIGURE 2.3: LOCAL WIND

April through to September is normally a
period when strong winds are common
in the Drakensberg. More specifically,
these winds originate during the months
when the interior plateau of South Africa
is experiencing cold and dry conditions.
This creates a high pressure over the
interior. Along the coast, regions are
moderated by the oceans and
temperatures are warmer than the
interior- this creates a low pressure.
Because of this pressure difference, air
travels from the high towards the low.
This air is heated up as it travels down
the escarpment and reaches the coast.

This time of the year is also known as the fire season in KZN. These hot, dry winds create the
perfect environment to fuel runaway veld fires. A fire driven by a 100km an hour wind is
unstoppable. These strong winds have a serious impact on farming activities and the natural
environment. The winds eventually put every ones nerves on edge, it's a hot wind that wears
you down.

SOURCE: Adapted from https://www.vertical-endeavour.com/blog/33-drakensberg/general/106-fire-wind-season-in-berg.htm!

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### Page 23

Gec

September 2019 Preparatory Examination

FIGURE 2.4: SATELLITE IMAGE OF A LOW PRESSURE SYSTEM OVER
SOUTH AFRICA

rene

(Source: https://uk.images.search.yahoo.com]

FIGURE 2.5: DRAINAGE BASIN

DRAKENSBERG

A
a
cS

vey
2
a
2

{Source: Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tugela_River]

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### Page 24

Geography/P1 8 September 2019 Preparatory Examination
NSC — Annexure

FIGURE 2.6: RIVER MANAGEMENT

(Source: Adapted from https://Awww.greenfacts.org/en/water]

FIGURE 3.1: SETTLEMENT PATTERNS

Dispersed Nucleated
. |
. . KEY
Ld = Buildings

- . NY Roads

:
v

i: q Crops

|

[Source: https://www.sciencedirect.com]}

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### Page 25

Ge

September 2019 Preparatory Examination

FIGURE 3.3: RURAL SOCIAL JUSTICE ISSUE

Water crisis continues in Beaufort West

CAPE TOWN - One by one South Africa’s rural towns have succumbed as a devastating
drought tightens its grip, turning vast areas into ground zero (without water).

Collapsed water infrastructure, theft and corruption have brought the future into the
present with a bang. The Beaufort West Municipality is yet again urging residents to save
water amid the town's ongoing water crisis.

The Karoo town's three main reservoirs are at 11%, 13% and 28% of capacity.
The municipality has since implemented a water shedding system in a bid to reduce
consumption among residents.

In the long term, the municipality plans to get a pipeline which will pump water into the
Gamka Dam.

With South Africa experiencing a water deficit of 38 billion cubic metres annually, and
needing an additional R30 billion a year to bridge the gap in water services infrastructure,
the situation is a daily challenge for thousands of people.

({Source: Adapted from https//ewn.co.za 07/01/2019]

FIGURE 3.4: URBAN LAND-USE MODELS

A B C

L
he

3

1CBD 6 Heavy manufacturing

2 Zone of Decay/Area of mixed land-use 7 Outlying business district
3 Low-income residential 8 Residential suburb

4 Middle-income residential 9 Industrial suburb

5 High-income residential

(Source: Adapted from https://uk.images.search.yahoo.com/search/images]

Copyright Reserved Please Turn Over

### Page 26

Geography/P1 10 September 2019 Preparatory Examination
NSC - Annexure

FIGURE 3.5: FOOD SECURITY

SA WILL HAVE TO PRODUCE 50% MORE FOOD BY 2050 OR FACE CRISIS
WWF REPORT

South Africa faces an impending food security crisis if there isn't urgent action to correct
unsustainable practices, says an environmental organisation.

According to the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWE), South Africa will have to produce
50% more food by 2050 to feed an estimated population of 73 million people.

In South Africa, agriculture is the largest land use and has the largest impact on land
transformation and biodiversity loss. Farming in South Africa needs comprehensive reform
in order to meet the needs of a growing population.

Food prices directly affect food security. According to Food Bank South Africa, more than
20% of the population today is food insecure. That means that approximately 11.5 million
South Africans do not know where their next meal will come from. The hardest hit people
are women and children in rural communities.

There is enough food to feed everyone; however the problem is distribution and access.
Food security is generally measured in terms of the price of the country’s staple food, which
is maize. In broader terms however ‘food security occurs when people lack secure access
to sufficient amounts of safe and nutritious food for normal growth and development, and
an active healthy life’.

[Adapted from news 24 by Duncan Alfreds 24 (2019-02-19 20:52)]

Copyright Reserved Please Turn Over

### Page 27

Ge September 2019 Preparatory Examination

FIGURER 3.6: LARGEST CORE INDUSTRIAL AREA IN SOUTH AFRICA

Limpopo

Limpopo River

North West

Wonderboom

Pretoria

Krugersdorp

Roodepoort

N14

Vaal River
Free State ed
Mining
industrial
areas

te) 10 20 30km

[Source: Adapted from www.roomsforafrica.com/dest/southafrica/gateng,jsp]

Copyright Reserved Please Turn Over

### Page 28

Geography/P1 12 September 2019 Preparatory Examination
NSC — Annexure

FIGURE 4.3: RURAL- URBAN MIGRATION

Hope for:

Chance of a job
Better housing
Education

Medical care
Improved conditions
Better way of life
Family links

e — Not enough jobs
e Few opportunities
* Lack of food

e — Shortage of land
°

Political fears
Difficult conditions

(Source: https://www.cartoonstock.com]

FIGURE 4.4: URBAN SETTLEMENT ISSUE

ccc aon

(Source: https://uk.images.search.yahoo.com

Copyright Reserved Please Turn Over

### Page 29

Gec September 2019 Preparatory Examination

FIGURE 4.5: MINING IN SOUTH AFRICA

South Africa is a world leader in mining. The country has an abundance of mineral
} resources, accounting for a significant proportion of world production and reserves, and
South African mining companies are key players in the global industry.

South Africa’s total reserves remain some of the world’s most valuable, with an estimated

worth of R20.3-trillion ($2.5-trillion). Overall, the country is estimated to have the world’s
fifth-largest mining sector in terms of GDP value. Currently, mining in South Africa
contributes an average of 20% to South Africa's GDP and boasts a total annual income of
nearly R600 million.

Mining is continually adapting to changing local and international world conditions. It
remains a cornerstone of the economy, making a significant contribution to economic
activity, job creation and foreign exchange earnings. Mining and its related industries are
critical to South Africa's socio-economic development. The sector accounts for roughly
one-third of the market capitalisation of the JSE, and continues to attract foreign
investment into the country.

[Adapted from tradingeconomics.com/southafrica/gdp-from-mining -2018]

FIGURE 4.6: SALDANHA BAY IDZ

Saldanha Bay IDZ attracts R3bn worth of investment

The Saldanha Bay Industrial Development Zone has signed new investment agreements,
which brings the total number of signed investors to eight and investment value to over R3
billion.

All these investors are investing in a variety of fabrication workshops for steel and other
metals, equipment and marine repair facilities, oil lubricant and fuel plants, as well as
specialised engineering services. The investors are targeting construction to start between
March 2019 and March 2020, Minister Rob Davies said.

Having established most of the major land-based infrastructure and some of the marine
infrastructure, the zone’s partnership with Transnet National Ports Authority has already
started some of the design and commercial work for expanding the infrastructure offering,
with additional port facilities.

Investments by local and international investors will signal confidence in the oil, gas and
maritime sector and will contribute to opportunities for the development of small
businesses in the region.

Our focus on the oil and gas sectors and continued growth and investment has the
potential for further skills development and job creation opportunities into the future,” said
Schafer.

[Source: Adapted from SAnews.gov.za(Tuesday, February 19, 2019)]

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