# Geography Grade 12 Paper 2 KZN Prelim 2019 Memo > Grade 12 Geography Paper 2 memorandum from the KZN Prelim 2019, 11 pages. Read online or get the free PDF download, question paper linked when available. - Page: https://www.hlayiso.com/library/2019-kzn-prelim-p2-memo/3ab26c0d-1747-4a46-b605-da432fb80355 - Updated: 2026-09-27 - Subject: Geography - Grade: Grade 12 - Document type: Memorandum - Year: 2019 - Exam period: KZN Prelim - Paper: 2 - Curriculum: CAPS - Pages: 11 Breadcrumbs: [Home](https://www.hlayiso.com/) › [Library](https://www.hlayiso.com/library) › [Grade 12](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/grade-12) › [Geography](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/grade-12/geography) › [Geography Grade 12 Paper 2 KZN Prelim 2019 Memo](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/2019-kzn-prelim-p2-memo/3ab26c0d-1747-4a46-b605-da432fb80355) ## About this document Geography · Grade 12 · KZN Prelim · 2019. Memorandum, 11 pages. Read online or download the PDF. Read it free online on the page above; download the PDF from there. ## Document text Text extracted from the PDF. Layout, diagrams and tables may not survive extraction. ### Page 1 NSC NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 12 GEOGRAPHY P2 MARKING GUIDELINE PREPARATORY EXAMINATION SEPTEMBER 2019 MARKS: 75 This marking guideline consists of 11 pages. Copyright Reserved Please Turn Over ### Page 2 Geography/P2 2 September 2019 Preparatory Examination NSC - Memorandum QUESTION 1: MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS The questions below are based on the 1:50 000 topographical map 2930CB of PIETERMARITZBURG as well as the 2930CB 8 PIETERMARITZBURG (North) orthophoto map as part of the mapped area. Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. Choose the correct answer and write only the letter (A – D) in the block next to each question. 1.1 The National Freeway that passes through Pietermaritzburg is the ... A N1. B N2. C C N3. D N4. 1.2 The harbour that is situated closest to Pietermaritzburg is ... A Richards Bay. B East London. C Durban. C D Port Elizabeth. 1.3 If you were travelling north on the R33 from Allandale (block D10), you would reach the town of … A New Hanover. B Harrismith. C Howick. A D Merrivale. 1.4 The location of the woodlands at Sweet Waters in block F1 was influenced by the … A radiation fog. B frost pocket. C thermal belt. D D slope aspect. Copyright Reserved Please Turn Over ### Page 3 Geography/P2 3 September 2019 Preparatory Examination NSC - Memorandum 1.5 The … in blocks F/G 11 suggests that Pietermaritzburg is managing its water resources efficiently. A purification plant. B sewerage works. C reservoir. A D perennial water. 1.6 The main purpose of the weir in block H7 is to … A prevent soil erosion. B control veld fires. C control water flow. C D control water usage 1.7 The land-use zone in block D9 on the topographical map is known as the … zone. A residential B transition C industrial A D commercial 1.8 The human-made feature in block D1 that suggests that the area is prone to fires. A windpump B firebreak C power line B D perennial water 1.9 The grid reference of Gordan Falls in block H2 is … A 29o37'28"S and 30o16'34"E / 29o 37,5'S and 30o 16,6'E B 29o37'28"E and 30o16'34"S / 29o 37,5'E and 30o 16,6'S C 30o16'34"S and 29o37'38"E / 30o 16,6'S and 29o 37,6'E A D 30o16'34"E and 29o37'38"S / 30o 16,6'E and 29o 37,6'S 1.10 The human-made feature at 2 on the orthophoto is a … A industrial park. B office park. C veterinary clinic. D D shopping mall. Copyright Reserved Please Turn Over ### Page 4 Geography/P2 4 September 2019 Preparatory Examination NSC - Memorandum 1.11 Pietermaritzburg is situated along the National Freeway between the … core industrial area. A Durban-Pinetown and South West Cape. B Durban-Pinetown and PWV(Gauteng). B C PWV(Gauteng) and South West Cape. D PWV(Gauteng) and Port Elizabeth Uitenhage. 1.12 The true bearing of the trigonometrical station 243 in block C6 from spot height 1106 in block C6 is … A 149o B 329o C 30o A D 200o 1.13 The straight-line distance from benchmark 681.5 in block H10 to trigonometrical station 250 in block H11 on the topographical map is … A 1.55 m. B 3.1 km. C 310 m. D D 1.55 km. 1.14 The economic activity at U in block A12 is a … activity. A primary B secondary C tertiary B D quaternary 1.15 The dominant street pattern in block G8 is … A cobweb. B planned irregular. C unplanned irregular. D D grid iron. (15 x 1) [15] Copyright Reserved Please Turn Over ### Page 5 Geography/P2 5 September 2019 Preparatory Examination NSC - Memorandum QUESTION 2: MAPWORK TECHNIQUES AND CALCULATIONS 2.1 Refer to the Index to sheets on the topographical map when answering the questions below. 2.1.1 In the map index of 2930, the 30 represents … (b) 30o east of Greenwich Meridian  (1 x 1) (1) 2.1.2 Give the map reference code of the topographical map to the south of the 2930 AC map. 2930C A / 2930 CC√ (1 x 1) (1) 2.2 Calculate the magnetic declination for the current year (2019). Marks will be awarded for calculations. Difference in years = 2019 – 2016 = 3 years Annual change = 9' west Total annual change = 9' x 3 = 27’ Magnetic declination for 2019 = 24o45' +  27' 24o72' 25o12' west of true north (5 x 1) (5) (no direction, no mark) 2.3 2.3.1 Refer to the demarcated area in RED on the topographical map which represents the area covered by the orthophoto map. Use the demarcated area to calculate the surface area of the orthophoto map in km². Show ALL calculations. Marks will be awarded for calculations. Formula: Area = length x breadth Length = 9.6  cm x 0.5 = 4.8 km (range: 9.5 – 9.7) Breadth = 6.5 cm x 0.5 = 3.25 km (range: 6.4 – 6.6) Area = 4.8  x 3.25 km  = 15.6 km²  Range for answer (15.20 – 16.0) (5 x 1) (5) Copyright Reserved Please Turn Over ### Page 6 Geography/P2 6 September 2019 Preparatory Examination NSC - Memorandum 2.3.2 Why is the orthophoto map larger than the same area demarcated on the topographical map? Orthophoto maps scale is 5 times larger than the scale of the topographical map  1:10 000 is a larger scale than 1:50 000  (ANY ONE) (1 x 1) (1) 2.4 2.4.1 Calculate the average gradient between spot height 1106 (R) in block C6 and the trigonometrical station 243 in block C6 on the topographical map. Show ALL calculations. Marks will be awarded for calculations. Formula: Average gradient = __Vertical interval__ Horizontal equivalent VI = 1148.8 – 1106 = 42.8 m HE = 2cm x 500 = 1000m (2cm x 0.5 = 1km x 1000 = 1000m) Measurement range (1.9cm – 2.1cm) VI = 42.8     HE = 1000 = 1_  23.36 = 1: 23.36  (Range: 1:22 -1: 25) (5 x 1) (5) 2.4.2 Explain your answer to QUESTION 2.4.1. The land rises by 1m for every 23.36 m horizontal distance covered  (1 x 1) (1) 2.4.3 Classify the average gradient you calculated as steep or gentle. gentle         (1 x 1) (1) [20] Copyright Reserved Please Turn Over ### Page 7 Geography/P2 7 September 2019 Preparatory Examination NSC - Memorandum QUESTION 3: APPLICATION AND INTERPRETATION 3.1 A motorist is travelling in a south-easterly direction on the N3 from Hilton Gardens in block C4 on the topographical map. They recorded a temperature of 23o C on the dash board thermometer display at the start of the journey. A temperature of 27o C was recorded as they passed Willowton in blocks F9 and F10. 3.1.1 Calculate the difference in temperature between Hilton Gardens and Willowton. 4o C  (1 x 1) (1) 3.1.2 Suggest TWO possible reasons for the difference in temperature mentioned in your answer to QUESTION 3.1.1. Hilton Gardens Away from the CBD  Fewer roads  Residential area  Greater amount of vegetation. More evapotranspiration  Fewer cars, less pollution  Willowton Heavy Industrial area  Heavy machinery used in industries  Heavy vehicles /trucks use the area  Lacks vegetation to absorb the heat  More cars, more traffic congestion, more pollution  (ANY TWO) (2 x 2) (4) 3.2 Pietermaritzburg is situated in a valley. Describe ONE climatological disadvantage for the people living in the valley of Pietermaritzburg. Cold air drains into the valley resulting in very cold conditions at night and especially winter  The thermal belt will trap pollution  Area could experience frost conditions  Area could experience fog which could reduce visibility and cause accidents  Smog could result from the fog and smoke from the industries  Possibility of acid rain can damage property and plants  (ANY ONE) (1 x 2) (2) Copyright Reserved Please Turn Over ### Page 8 Geography/P2 8 September 2019 Preparatory Examination NSC - Memorandum 3.3 Refer to the demarcated area M in blocks B10 and B11 on the topographical map. 3.3.1 Identify the drainage pattern that dominates the area. Trellis   (1 x 1) (1) 3.3.2 Explain why the drainage pattern identified in QUESTION 3.3.1 developed in the area. Folded sedimentary  Steep sloped – smaller tributaries feed into main stream  Tributaries erode a valley at right angles  Alternate hard and soft rock  (ANY ONE) (1 x 2) (2) 3.3.3 Is the drainage density of the area high or low? Give a reason for your answer. Drainage density: low  Reason: Few streams evident  Permeable rocks  Vegetation traps water  (ANY ONE) (1 + 2) (3) 3.4 Compare the settlement L in block B9 and the settlement north of S in block D4 on the topographical map. Complete the table using the criteria below. Criteria Settlement L Settlement north of S Settlement pattern Dispersed / isolated  Nucleated / clustered  Post office  Reservoir  electricity  water  church  other road  Service provided school  transport  other road   transport  Any ONE Any ONE Dominant primary Farming  farming / forestry  activity carried out (6 x 1) (6) Copyright Reserved Please Turn Over ### Page 9 Geography/P2 9 September 2019 Preparatory Examination NSC - Memorandum 3.5 3.5.1 Give TWO pieces of evidence from the topographical map to suggest that Pietermaritzburg has a rich historical heritage. Voortrekker Museum  Voortrekker Wagon Trail  Old Government House  Garden of Remembrance  Victoria Oudstehuis 1840  Macrorie Museum  Worlds View / Monument  (ANY TWO) (2 x 1) (2) 3.5.2 Explain the positive impact of this rich historical heritage mentioned in QUESTION 3.5.1 on the local economy of the area. Attract tourist/boost tourist industry  Increase economy  Increase in investments  Job opportunities  Improved infrastructure/ improvement in transport and services  Greater buying power  More employed, more spending  Local small businesses develop Handcraft sales to tourists   (ANY TWO) (2 x 2) (4) [25] Copyright Reserved Please Turn Over ### Page 10 Geography/P2 10 September 2019 Preparatory Examination NSC - Memorandum QUESTION 4: GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS) 4.1 South Africa recently held an important election in May 2019. The Independent Electoral Commission (IEC) in Pietermaritzburg successfully made use of various data layers stored in their database to plan for this election. 4.1.1 Define the term database. It is a storage/collection of data/information that is organized so that it can be easily accessed/updated in a central plan  [Concept] (1 x 1) (1) 4.1.2 The IEC in Pietermaritzburg used the orthophoto maps stored in the council’s database to examine the prospective voting stations. Give TWO reasons why the orthophoto map was chosen over the topographical map for this purpose. The orthophoto map has a good spatial resolution  High degree of clarity  Greater detail  The orthophoto map is a photo/real image of an area/realistic view  It gives a clear plan view of an area  It gives updated information  The local community data base will have updated information  The orthophoto has a larger scale and features will be larger and clearer  (ANY TWO) (2 x 2) (4) 4.1.3 To which component of GIS does the orthophoto map belong? Data  (1 x 1) (1) 4.2 The city council of Pietermaritzburg conducted a census prior to the elections to acquire necessary data for the elections. A census is an official survey of the population of a country that is carried out in order to find out how many people live there and to obtain details such as peoples ages and jobs. 4.2.1 Is a census a primary or secondary data source? Primary  (1 x 1) (1) 4.2.2 Give a reason for your answer to QUESTION 4.2.1. Information is gained from direct observation/interview  (1 x 2) (2) Copyright Reserved Please Turn Over ### Page 11 Geography/P2 11 September 2019 Preparatory Examination NSC - Memorandum 4.2.3 Name the instrument used by the Census Enumerators (those who gather the information) to locate places that they were not familiar with in Pietermaritzburg. GPS/ Global Positioning System  (1 x 1) (1) 4.3 4.3.1 Suggest ONE data layer found on a topographical map that could have been used in determining the location of voting stations in the area. Population density  Transport/accessibility to stations  Distribution of rural and urban people  (1 x 1) (1) (ANY ONE) 4.3.2 Explain how the process of data security assisted in ensuring that information obtained during the elections was protected. Limited network sharing to authorized individuals  Development of a data security plan or policy  Creation of read-only access to files  Development of strong passwords  Enabled specific codes to access files  (ANY TWO) (2 x 2) (4) [15] TOTAL MARKS: 75 Copyright Reserved Please Turn Over ## Related documents - [2019 KZN Prelim P1 Memo](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/2019-kzn-prelim-p1-memo/472f1b13-6c25-4871-999e-76c4fcbeef40) — Geography · Memo · 2019 - [2019 KZN June P2 Memo](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/2019-kzn-june-p2-memo/dcf8316b-d299-464c-99b2-3b761e9cb474) — Geography · Memo · 2019 - [Geography P2 Nov 2019 Memo Afr](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/geography-p2-nov-2019-memo-afr/10542b9b-f976-49f5-ac40-6c614f7c9714) — Geography · Memo · 2019 · Afr - [GEOGRAPHY P2 GR12 QP SEPT 2019 Afrikaans final](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/geography-p2-gr12-qp-sept-2019-afrikaans-final/850a190f-af73-4b51-a4a5-75fcef5ac912) — Geography · QP · 2019 · Afr - [2023 KZN Prelim P2 QP](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/2023-kzn-prelim-p2-qp/4d6a4eeb-5ee5-44a7-9392-783928539ee7) — Geography · QP · 2023 - [Geography P1 Memo June 2019 Eng](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/geography-p1-memo-june-2019-eng/7ece9401-a76a-4bd6-979d-c15fbf652ed6) — Geography · Memo · 2019 · Eng ## More from Grade 12 Geography - [Geography P1 (Afrikaans) June 2025 Question Paper](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/geography-p1-afrikaans-june-2025-question-paper/a52dca5e-efc4-4060-84c3-24f7269a2a79) — QP · 2025 · Afr - [Geography P2 (English) June 2025 Question Paper](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/geography-p2-english-june-2025-question-paper/ba0a3969-240a-4bba-bdb6-7d02a7f80205) — QP · 2025 · Eng - [Geography Grade 12 NSC P1 QP September 2025 KZN](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/geography-grade-12-nsc-p1-qp-september-2025-kzn/b87141de-a060-4504-8e9a-a5a35821df42) — QP · 2025 - [Geography Grade 12 NSC P2 QP September 2025 KZN](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/geography-grade-12-nsc-p2-qp-september-2025-kzn/50385845-0827-427a-b5e1-25ab349d4e0f) — QP · 2025 - [Geography P1 May-June 2025 Eng](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/geography-p1-may-june-2025-eng/bbabb3ad-00bf-45d9-aa3b-76a0d89ca2b6) — QP · 2025 · Eng - [Gr 12 Geography P2 (Afrikaans) 2024 Possible Answers](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/gr-12-geography-p2-afrikaans-2024-possible-answers/e19dd834-ffaf-4fe6-a8a4-9ee8f8597c29) — Memo · 2024 · Afr ## Collection - [Grade 12 past papers](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/past-papers) --- Hlayiso: free CAPS and IEB past papers, memos, notes and study guides for South African learners. 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