# Accounting Grade 12 NSC November 2014 Question Paper (Eng)

> Grade 12 Accounting question paper from the NSC November Exam 2014 (English), 17 pages. Read online or get the free PDF download, memo linked when available.

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- Updated: 2026-09-27
- Subject: Accounting
- Grade: Grade 12
- Document type: Question paper
- Year: 2014
- Exam period: NSC November Exam
- Curriculum: CAPS
- Pages: 17

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Accounting · Grade 12 · NSC November Exam · 2014. Question paper, 17 pages. Read online or download the PDF.

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                                 NATIONAL
                            SENIOR CERTIFICATE

                                  GRADE 12

                                  ACCOUNTING

                                NOVEMBER 2014

MARKS: 300

TIME: 3 hours

     This question paper consists of 17 pages and an answer book of 19 pages.

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Accounting                                   2                          DBE/November 2014
                                            NSC

INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION

Read the following instructions carefully and follow them precisely.

1.     Answer ALL the questions.

2.     A special ANSWER BOOK is provided in which to answer ALL the questions.

3.     Show workings in order to achieve part-marks.

4.     You may use a non-programmable calculator.

5.     You may use a dark pencil or blue/black ink to answer the questions.

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Accounting                                    3                               DBE/November 2014
                                             NSC

 6.          Use the information in the table below as a guide when answering the
             question paper. Try NOT to deviate from it.
                            QUESTION 1: 35 marks; 20 minutes
  Topic of the question:        This question integrates:
                                Financial accounting
                                  VAT concepts and calculations
  VAT, Inventory and Ethics     Managing resources
                                  Inventory valuation: FIFO and weighted average
                                  Ethical behaviour in a financial environment

                              QUESTION 2: 30 marks; 20 minutes
  Topic of the question:          This question integrates:
                                  Financial accounting
                                    Reconciling a Creditors' Ledger Account to a statement
  Creditors' Reconciliation and     of account
  Internal Control                Managing resources
                                    Internal control and internal audit
                                    Ethical behaviour in a financial environment

                             QUESTION 3: 65 marks; 40 minutes
  Topic of the question:         This question integrates:
                                 Financial accounting
                                   Balance Sheet and notes
  Financial Statements:
                                   Analysis and interpretation of financial information
  Balance Sheet, Interpretation
                                 Managing resources
  and Ethics
                                   Professional bodies and code of conduct
                                   Ethical behaviour in a financial environment

                             QUESTION 4: 75 marks; 45 minutes
  Topic of the question:         This question integrates:
                                 Financial accounting
  Fixed Assets, Cash Flow          Cash Flow Statement
  Statement, Interpretation and    Analysis and interpretation of financial information
  Corporate Governance           Managing resources
                                   Interpret and report on movements of assets

                           QUESTION 5: 40 marks; 25 minutes
  Topic of the question:       This question integrates:
                               Managerial accounting
  Cash Budget and Internal       Cash Budget – analyse and interpret
  Control                      Managing resources
                                 Internal control and problem solving

                             QUESTION 6: 55 marks; 30 minutes
  Topic of the question:         This question integrates:
                                 Managerial accounting
                                   Production Cost Statement and notes
                                   Analysis and interpretation of unit costs and break-even
  Manufacturing
                                   point
                                 Managing resources
                                   Internal control and internal audit

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Accounting                                   4                            DBE/November 2014
                                            NSC

QUESTION 1: VAT, INVENTORY AND ETHICS                           (35 marks; 20 minutes)

1.1       CONCEPTS

          REQUIRED:

          1.1.1       What do the letters VAT stand for?                                         (1)

          1.1.2       What rate of VAT is charged on necessities such as brown bread,
                      milk and fresh vegetables?                                                 (1)

          1.1.3       What do the letters FIFO stand for?                                        (1)

          1.1.4       Write down the missing word:

                      The stock system which involves the recording of the cost of sales
                      for every sales transaction is the … inventory system.                     (1)

1.2       VAT: SEBENZA TRADERS

          The business accounts for VAT on a two-monthly basis.

          REQUIRED:

          Calculate the final amount payable to SARS on 31 July 2014 (you may
          prepare a VAT Control Account to assist in your calculations).                         (9)

          INFORMATION:

                                           INCLUDING        EXCLUDING        VAT
                                              VAT              VAT         AMOUNT
             Balance owed by SARS on
                                                                              R11 200
             1 July 2014
             Cash and credit sales
                                             R1 026 000       R900 000       R126 000
             invoices
             Purchase of trading stock         R627 000       R550 000        R77 000
             Defective stock returned to
                                                  R2 223        R1 950             R273
             suppliers
             Discount allowed to debtors
                                                               R47 800         ?
             for prompt payment
             New office computer bought
                                                R10 830                        ?
             on credit

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Accounting                                    5                              DBE/November 2014
                                             NSC

1.3       INVENTORY VALUATION: SMART UNIFORMS

          You are provided with information relating to Smart Uniforms for June 2014.
          The business is owned by Harry Mavuso. They buy and sell school blazers.
          The business uses the weighted-average method for stock valuation and the
          periodic inventory system.

          REQUIRED:

          1.3.1       Calculate the total amount paid for carriage on the purchases on
                      11 June 2014.                                                                (4)

          1.3.2       Calculate the value of the closing stock on 30 June 2014 using the
                      weighted-average method.                                                     (8)

          1.3.3       Harry is considering a change in the method of valuing stock. The
                      value of closing stock using the FIFO method will be R20 850
                      higher than the value using the weighted-average method.

                      •   Explain the effect that this will have on the gross profit.              (2)
                      •   Give ONE valid reason for and ONE valid reason against
                          changing the stock valuation method.                                     (4)

          1.3.4       Harry is concerned about the control of his stock of blazers. He has
                      sold 2 900 blazers during the year. Give a calculation to support his
                      concern.                                                                     (4)

          INFORMATION:

          A.          Inventory balances:
                              Date        No. of units      Price per unit    Total cost
                        1 June 2014           410               R190           R77 900
                        30 June 2014          580                 ?               ?

          B.          Purchases during the month:
                            Date          No. of  Price           Carriage     Total cost
                                          units    per               on
                                                  unit           purchases
                      11 June 2014        1 600   R215               ?          R352 600
                      18 June 2014        1 210   R240               Nil        R290 400
                      26 June 2014         470    R265             R3 300       R127 850
                      Total purchases     3 280                                 R770 850
                      Returns from
                      18 June               5                                    R1 200
                      purchases

                                                                                                   35

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Accounting                                     6                           DBE/November 2014
                                              NSC

QUESTION 2: CREDITORS' RECONCILIATION AND INTERNAL CONTROL
                                               (30 marks; 20 minutes)
KZ Stores purchase goods on credit from Valley Ltd.

REQUIRED:

2.1       The bookkeeper, Litzie, says it is not necessary for her to prepare a Creditors'
          Reconciliation Statement because the creditors send monthly statements to
          the business anyway. What would you say to her? State TWO points.                       (4)

2.2       Use the table in the ANSWER BOOK to indicate how the relevant balances
          will change when preparing the creditors' reconciliation. Indicate the figure as
          well as a + for increase and a – for decrease. The first transaction
          (Information A) has been done for you.                                                  (16)

          INFORMATION:

          The following balances are provided:

             In the account of Valley Ltd in the Creditors'
                                                                R112 820      Credit
             Ledger of KZ Stores on 30 September 2014:
             On the statement received from Valley Ltd on
                                                                R182 150       Debit
             25 September 2014:

          The following errors and omissions were discovered during an investigation:

          A.     A payment by KZ Stores of R9 000 was omitted from the Creditors'
                 Ledger and the statement.

          B.     An invoice for goods bought for R87 500 was reflected on the statement
                 from Valley Ltd but was not recorded by KZ Stores.

          C.     An invoice for R28 000 received from Valley Ltd was recorded correctly
                 by KZ Stores. The statement of account reflects it as R20 800.

          D.     KZ Stores had correctly recorded discount of R1 400 for early payment
                 of their account. This has not been reflected on the statement from
                 Valley Ltd.

          E.     The statement reflects interest of R630 on the overdue account.
                 Valley Ltd acknowledged that an error had been made and promised to
                 reverse the entry in the October 2014 statement.

          F.     A debit note for R2 100 issued to Value CC was incorrectly recorded in
                 the account of Valley Ltd by KZ Stores.

          G.     A credit note for R5 250 received from Valley Ltd for goods returned was
                 incorrectly recorded as an invoice by KZ Stores.

          H.     Goods purchased from Valley Ltd on 30 September 2014 for R4 600
                 were recorded by KZ Stores. The statement from Valley Ltd is dated
                 25 September 2014.
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Accounting                                   7                           DBE/November 2014
                                            NSC

2.3       Refer to Information B:

          As the internal auditor of KZ Stores, you have detected that only R50 000 of
          these goods were entered into the stock records by the storeman. The
          remaining goods were ordered privately by J van Wyk, an employee in charge
          of creditors.

          2.3.1       Explain what action should be taken against J van Wyk. State TWO
                      points.                                                                   (4)

          2.3.2       What must the business do to prevent a similar incident in future?
                      Explain THREE points.                                                     (6)

                                                                                                30

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Accounting                                   8                              DBE/November 2014
                                            NSC

QUESTION 3: BALANCE SHEET, INTERPRETATION AND ETHICS
                                              (65 marks; 40 minutes)
You are presented with information from the records of Vijay Limited. The financial
year-end is 28 February 2014.

REQUIRED:

3.1       Prepare the following notes to the Balance Sheet:

          3.1.1       Share capital                                                                (9)
          3.1.2       Retained income                                                             (11)

3.2       Prepare the Balance Sheet (Statement of Financial Position) on
          28 February 2014. Where notes are not required, show ALL workings in
          brackets.                                                                               (26)

3.3       Calculate the return on average shareholders' equity for 2014.                          (5)

3.4       From 2013 to 2014 the directors made a deliberate decision to change the
          policy on the distribution of profits in the form of dividends. Comment on this
          change. Quote financial indicators or figures to support your answer.                   (4)

3.5       Comment on whether the shareholders should be satisfied with the
          percentage return and the market price of their shares. Quote TWO relevant
          financial indicators (actual figures/ratios/percentages) and their trends. Give
          an additional comment in each case.                                                     (6)

3.6       The external auditors, Hassan and Jacob, have employed Janet to work on
          the audit of Vijay Ltd. Janet owns 10 000 shares in Vijay Ltd.

          Explain why this is a problem and give a valid solution.                                (4)

INFORMATION:
A.        The authorised share capital consists of 750 000 ordinary shares.
          On 1 March 2013, only 60% of the shares were in issue.
B.        The following amounts were extracted from the records:
                                                   28 Feb. 2014            28 Feb. 2013
          Ordinary share capital                          ?                     3 215 000
          Retained income                                 ?                       322 500
          Total ordinary shareholders' equity             ?                     3 537 500
          Fixed assets (carrying value)                   ?
          Fixed deposit: Sam Bank                          650 000
          Loan: William Bank                               482 600
          Inventories                                      275 400
          Debtors' Control                                 243 500
          Creditors' Control                                62 460
          Cash in the bank and petty cash                  336 600
          Income received in advance (Rent)                 12 120
          Prepaid expenses (Insurance)                       7 600
          Provisional income tax payments                  299 980
          Interim dividends paid on 31 Aug. 2014           270 000
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Accounting                                  9                           DBE/November 2014
                                           NSC

C.      On 1 November 2013, the company issued a further 80 000 shares at R9,50
        per share.

D.      On 28 February 2014, the directors decided to repurchase 75 000 ordinary
        shares from the estate of a shareholder who had died. This shareholder had
        originally purchased his shares on the JSE at various times and at different
        prices. A repurchase price of R10,40 was accepted as being a fair price.

E.      On 27 February 2014, a final dividend of 40 cents per share was declared.
        All shares, including the new shares issued and repurchased, qualify for final
        dividends.

F.      The loan statement from William Bank received on 28 February 2014 reflected
        interest capitalised at R81 400. This was not recorded in the books.
        The business expects to settle 20% of the outstanding balance in the next
        financial year.

G.      After all the above adjustments were taken into account the net profit before
        tax was calculated to be R1 161 000. The income tax is calculated at 30% of
        net income before tax.

H.      Financial indicators on 28 February:             2014               2013
        Earnings per share (EPS)                       170 cents          82 cents
        Dividends per share (DPS)                      100 cents          82 cents
        Net asset value (NAV)                          846 cents         786 cents
        Return on shareholders' equity (ROSHE)             ?               18,3%

I.      Additional information:                          2014              2013
        Market price of Vijay Ltd shares on JSE       1 032 cents       1 060 cents
        Interest rate on alternative investments          9%                9%

                                                                                               65

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Accounting                                   10                            DBE/November 2014
                                            NSC

QUESTION 4:          FIXED ASSETS, CASH FLOW STATEMENT: INTERPRETATION
                     AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE       (75 marks; 45 minutes)

You are provided with information relating to Meteor Supermarkets Limited, a public
company. The financial year-end is 28 February 2014.

REQUIRED:

4.1       Refer to Information E:

          Calculate the missing amounts (indicated by a, b and c) in the Fixed/Tangible
          Asset Note for the year ended 28 February 2014.                                         (12)

4.2       Complete the Cash Flow Statement for the year ended 28 February 2014.
          Some of the details and figures have been entered in the ANSWER BOOK.
          Show workings in brackets.                                                              (31)

4.3       At the AGM, a shareholder stated that the Cash Flow Statement reflects poor
          decisions by the directors.

          Explain TWO points, with relevant figures, to support his opinion.                      (4)

4.4       Calculate the following financial indicators for the financial year ended
          28 February 2014:

          4.4.1       Net asset value per share                                                   (3)
          4.4.2       Debt-equity ratio                                                           (3)

4.5       Comment on the liquidity position of the company. Quote THREE relevant
          financial indicators (actual figures/ratios/percentages) and their trends.              (9)

4.6       The directors decided to increase the loan during the current financial year.
          Quote TWO financial indicators (actual figures/ratios/percentages) that are
          relevant to their decision. Explain why this was a good decision, or not.               (8)

4.7       The Bakker family owns 740 000 shares in this company. Explain the effect
          that the repurchase of shares on 31 December 2013 had on their control of
          the company. Give a calculation(s) to support your answer.                              (5)

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Accounting                                 11                         DBE/November 2014
                                          NSC

INFORMATION:

A.        Extract from the Income Statement for the year ended 28 February 2014:
          Interest on loan (all capitalised)                     88 500
          Net profit before tax                               1 575 000
          Income tax                                            441 000

B.        Extract from the Balance Sheet as at:
                                            28 Feb. 2014     28 Feb. 2013
          Current assets                        3 337 300       4 641 000
          Inventories                             818 200         641 000
          Trade debtors                         2 377 600       1 512 000
          SARS: Income tax                        128 000                -
          Cash and cash equivalents                13 500       2 488 000

          Shareholders' equity                   8 839 000      7 400 000
          Ordinary share capital                 8 700 000      6 600 000
          Retained income                          139 000        800 000

          Mortgage loan: Excel Bank
                                                   908 000        508 000
          (interest rate: 12,5% p.a.)

          Current liabilities                    2 063 700      1 302 000
          Trade creditors                          678 700        700 000
          Shareholders for dividends               870 000        480 000
          Bank overdraft                           515 000              -
          SARS: Income tax                               -        122 000

C.        Shareholders' register:
                DATE                             DETAILS
          1 March 2013         1 200 000 shares in issue
          31 March 2013        300 000 shares issued at R8 each
          31 December 2013     The company bought back 50 000 shares
                               from a dissatisfied shareholder, S Smit, at
                               R9,50 each. The average price of all shares
                               issued to date was R6 per share.
          28 February 2014     1 450 000 shares in issue

D.        Dividends for the financial year ending 28 February 2014:
          Interim dividends paid on 31 August 2013              R750 000
          Final dividends declared on 28 February 2014          R870 000

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Accounting                                    12                           DBE/November 2014
                                             NSC

E.        Fixed/Tangible assets:
                                                   LAND AND         VEHICLES
                                                   BUILDINGS
          Carrying value at the beginning            2 689 000       1 880 000
          of the financial year
             Cost                                     2 689 000       3 250 000
             Accumulated depreciation                    -          (1 370 000)
          Movements
             Additions at cost                          a              330 000
             Disposals at carrying value                 -             b
             Depreciation                                -             c
          Carrying value at the end of the            6 740 000
          financial year
             Cost                                     6 740 000      3 440 000
             Accumulated depreciation                    -

          Additional information in respect of fixed/tangible assets:
          (i)     A vehicle was sold for cash at its carrying value on 31 May 2013. The
                  following extract of the vehicle sold was taken from the Fixed Assets
                  Register:
                  Cost price: R140 000                    Date purchased: 1 March 2012
                  Rate of depreciation: 20% p.a. on the diminishing-balance method

                     FINANCIAL YEAR END       DEPRECIATION            ACCUMULATED
                                                                      DEPRECIATION
                     28 February 2013                28 000              28 000
                     31 May 2013                      5 600              33 600

          (ii)    A new vehicle, costing R330 000, was purchased and paid for by
                  cheque on 1 January 2014.
          (iii)   Vehicles are depreciated at 20% p.a. on the diminishing balance
                  method.
          (iv)    New premises (land and buildings) were acquired during the financial
                  year.
F.        Financial indicators:
                                                   28 Feb. 2014       28 Feb. 2013
          Debt-equity ratio                               ?               0,1 : 1
          Net asset value per share (NAV)                 ?             617 cents
          Current ratio                                1,6 : 1            3,6 : 1
          Acid-test ratio                              1,2 : 1            3,1 : 1
          Stock turnover rate                      6,8 times p.a.     5,1 times p.a.
          Debtors' collection period                  40 days            35 days
          % return on average capital
                                                      18,8%               16,4%
          employed

                                                                                                     75

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                                 NSC

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Accounting                                    14                            DBE/November 2014
                                             NSC

QUESTION 5: CASH BUDGET AND INTERNAL CONTROL                      (40 marks; 25 minutes)

You are provided with information relating to Martin's Health Shop. The business sells
a health drink which has a shelf life of two months. The financial year of the business
ends on 30 September 2014. The newly appointed bookkeeper prepared a budget for
the three months ended 31 December 2014. The Cash Budget he presented is not
completely correct.

REQUIRED:

5.1       Refer to Information C:

          List FOUR items that should not have been placed in this Cash Budget.                   (4)

5.2       Complete the Creditors' Payment Schedule for the period October to
          December 2014 by calculating the amounts indicated by an asterisk (*).                  (9)

5.3       With reference to the prepared budget, calculate the following:

          5.3.1       The total sales for September 2014                                          (3)
          5.3.2       The percentage increase in rent income in December 2014                     (3)
          5.3.3       The salaries and wages amount for December 2014                             (3)
          5.3.4       The rate of interest on the loan                                            (4)

5.4       Answer the following questions.

          5.4.1       Calculate the period for which enough stock is on hand (in days) on
                      30 September 2014. Explain whether this is appropriate for the
                      business.                                                                   (6)

          5.4.2       Calculate the mark-up percentage achieved for the year ended
                      30 September 2014.                                                          (4)

          5.4.3       Comment on whether or not the change in the mark-up percentage
                      has benefited the business. Give a calculation(s) to support your
                      opinion.                                                                    (4)

INFORMATION:

A.        Figures extracted from the financial statements on 30 September 2013
          and 2014:
                                                   2014             2013
          Sales                                  1 780 600       1 680 000
          Cost of sales                          1 228 000           ?
          Mark-up %                                  ?              60%

B.        It is business policy to maintain a stock base of R250 000 every month.
          Stock sold each month is replaced in the same month.

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Accounting                                    15                              DBE/November 2014
                                             NSC

C.        CASH BUDGET PREPARED BY THE BOOKKEEPER FOR THE PERIOD
          ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2014:
          CASH RECEIPTS           OCTOBER     NOVEMBER     DECEMBER
          Cash sales                 238 000      212 500      221 000
          Receipts from debtors        40 500       42 000      37 500
          Loan: Mali Bank            -            -            150 000
          Discount received             1 350        1 400       1 400
          Rent income                   8 000        8 000       9 000
                                     287 850      263 900      418 900
          CASH PAYMENTS
          Total cost of sales                      185 000         170 000            175 000
          Cash purchases of trading
                                                   111 000         102 000            105 000
          stock
          Bad debts                                    400             400                 400
          Salaries and wages                        46 000          46 000          5.3.3
          Interest on loan                               -               -               1 125
          Depreciation on equipment                  8 200           8 200               8 200
          Sundry cash expenses                      18 000          18 900            ?
                                                   368 600         345 500            358 500
          Cash surplus/deficit                  (80 750)           (81 600)             60 400
          Bank (opening balance)                  45 000           (35 750)          (117 350)
          Bank (closing balance)                (35 750)          (117 350)           (56 950)

D.        Credit sales amounts to 15% of total sales. Debtors are expected to pay in full in
          the month following the month of sales.

E.        40% of all the trading stock was purchased on credit.

F.        Creditors allow 60 days credit, but payments made within the month of purchase
          receive 5% discount. Based on past experience, the business pays as follows:

             •   10% within the month of purchase
             •   75% in the month following the month of purchase
             •   15% in the second month following the month of purchase

G.        The loan will be received on 1 December 2014.

H.        The union negotiated an 8,5% increase in salaries and wages. This will only be
          effective from 1 December 2014.
                                                                                                   40

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                                               NSC

QUESTION 6: MANUFACTURING                                           (55 marks; 30 minutes)

6.1    BRIAN'S BRELLIES
       Brian Jonas is the owner of Brian's Brellies, a business that manufactures
       umbrellas. The financial year ends on 31 July 2014.
       REQUIRED:
       6.1.1       Refer to Information C: Calculate the direct labour cost.                        (5)
       6.1.2       Refer to Information D: Prepare the correct note for factory overhead
                   cost.                                                                            (19)
       6.1.3       Prepare the Production Cost Statement for the year ended 31 July 2014.           (10)
       INFORMATION:

       A.            STOCK BALANCES                   31 JULY 2014         1 AUGUST 2013
               Raw material stock                           R124 400              R98 780
               Work-in-process stock                         R42 600              R37 600
               Indirect material                              R3 600               R4 400

       B.      Raw material issued to the factory for production: R623 700
       C.      Three workers are employed in production. They each work 1 920 hours
               normal time per year at R95 per hour. In December 2013, each factory
               worker received a bonus of 12% of his annual earnings.
       D.      The bookkeeper presented the following factory overhead cost calculation:
               Sundry factory expenses                     30 975
               Indirect material                           52 200
               Rent expense                               117 000
               Advertising                                 10 500
               Insurance                                   16 640
               Salary of factory foreman                   97 150
               Water and electricity                       20 010
               TOTAL                                      344 475

               The following errors were noticed:
               •     Stocks of factory indirect materials were not taken into account in
                     calculating indirect materials used.
               •     The amount for rent expense is the total amount paid. Rent should be
                     split between the factory, sales and administration sections in the ratio
                     of 5 : 2 : 1.
               •     The amount for insurance is the total amount paid. This includes the
                     August 2014 premium. Only 75% of this expense relates to the factory.
                     There was no increase in monthly premiums.
               •     The factory foreman was on paid leave in July 2014. His salary for July
                     2014 was not processed. The factory foreman received a R900 monthly
                     increase in his salary with effect from 1 June 2014.
               •     60% of the water and electricity cost was allocated to the factory
                     whereas it should have been 80%.
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                                                NSC

6.2       BEN'S CATERING

          Ben Khulamo owns a small business that produces pies and doughnuts which
          he supplies to local school tuck shops.

          Where comments/explanations are required below, quote figures, unit costs
          or financial indicators to support your opinions.

          REQUIRED:

          6.2.1      Identify ONE unit cost for doughnuts and TWO unit costs for pies
                     that were major problems in 2014, considering that the inflation rate
                     was 5%. For each unit cost identified, give a possible cause of the
                     problem and give advice on how to rectify it.                                 (12)

          6.2.2      Ben feels that he can produce and sell more doughnuts. Calculate
                     the number of extra doughnuts he must produce and sell to make an
                     additional profit of R15 000. Assume that the unit costs and selling
                     price for 2014 remain unchanged.                                              (4)

          6.2.3      Ben is concerned about the financial performance of his business
                     and the fact that a new competitor has opened in the area.

                     •   Name the product which has been negatively affected by the
                         new competitor.
                     •   Comment on how this would have affected the net profit on this
                         product.                                                                  (5)

                                                  DOUGHNUTS                      PIES
               INFORMATION
                                                2014     2013             2014          2013
      Total units produced & sold            55 000 units 51 000 units 35 000 units 44 000 units
      Break-even point (units)               21 667 units 24 074 units 38 095 units 18 519 units

      Ben's selling price per unit                R8,00        R7,00        R12,50       R12,00
      Selling price of competitor                 R8,60            -        R12,50            -

      VARIABLE COSTS PER UNIT                     R5,00        R4,30         R8,30        R5,85
      Direct material cost per unit               R1,95        R2,05         R5,05        R2,20
      Direct labour cost per unit                 R1,90        R1,55         R2,20        R2,60
      Selling & distribution cost per unit        R1,15        R0,70         R1,05        R1,05

      FIXED COSTS PER UNIT                        R1,18        R1,27         R4,57        R3,64
      Factory overhead cost per unit              R0,67        R0,78         R3,38        R2,50
      Administration cost per unit                R0,51        R0,49         R1,19        R1,14

                                                                                                    55

                                                                                     TOTAL:        300

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