# Civil Technology Grade 12 NSC November 2021 Memo (English)

> Grade 12 Civil Technology memorandum from the NSC November Exam 2021 (English), 20 pages. Read online or download the free PDF.

- Page: https://www.hlayiso.com/library/civil-technology-nov-2021-construction-mg-eng/b8c518f9-ed22-42be-b807-04fb0db8cf41
- Updated: 2026-10-29
- Subject: Civil Technology
- Grade: Grade 12
- Document type: Memorandum
- Year: 2021
- Exam period: NSC November Exam
- Curriculum: CAPS
- Pages: 20

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## About this document

Civil Technology · Grade 12 · NSC November Exam · 2021. Memorandum. Read online or download the PDF.

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                                  NATIONAL
                             SENIOR CERTIFICATE

                                     GRADE 12

                      CIVIL TECHNOLOGY: CONSTRUCTION

                                 NOVEMBER 2021

                              MARKING GUIDELINES

MARKS: 200

TIME: 3 hours

                       This question paper consists of 20 pages.

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Civil Technology: Construction                2                           DBE/November 2021
                                   NSC – Marking Guidelines

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE MARKERS

1.        Markers should:
           Familiarise themselves with the question and answer before evaluating the
             responses of candidates.
           Always interpret the responses of the candidates within the context of the
             question.
           Consider any relevant and acceptable answer during pre-marking, but
             should strictly adhere to the answers after finalisation of the marking
             guidelines.
           There are two approaches to answering questions, these are (1) to describe
             and (2) to explain.
           If a candidate is required to explain e.g. a process in 4 steps, only the first 4
             responses should be considered.
           If, however a candidate is required to e.g. explain or describe how to
             transfer heights from one point to another using a transparent pipe level we
             need to consider that candidates may write a long description not
             necessarily well organised as an intellectual response may do. In this case
             the marker needs to evaluate the complete statement to judge if the
             candidate explained the required outcome satisfactorily and allocate marks
             on merit. The marker should apply his/her professional judgement with
             these types of questions.
           Mark what the candidate wrote and do not award marks for answers that the
             marker thinks the candidate meant with what was written.
           Indicate the tick or cross right at the position where the mark needs to be
             awarded or where the candidate made the error.
           Accept the letter corresponding with the correct answer as well as the
             answer written in full in multiple-choice questions.
           Accept incorrect spelling in one-word answers unless the spelling changes
             the meaning of the answer.

2.        For calculations:
           A mark is only awarded if the correct unit is written next to the answer.
           If TWO marks are awarded, ONE mark is awarded for the answer and ONE
              mark for the correct unit.
           Where the candidate made a principle error, e.g. use an incorrect method to
              calculate the answer, marks will be awarded for the correct values used in
              the calculation. No marks will be awarded for the answer of the incorrect
              method that was followed.
           Where an incorrect answer could be carried over to the next step, the first
              answer will be deemed incorrect. However, should the incorrect answer be
              carried over correctly, the marker has to recalculate the values, using the
              incorrect answer from the first calculation. If correctly used, the candidate
              should receive the full marks for subsequent calculations.

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Civil Technology: Construction                 3                         DBE/November 2021
                                    NSC – Marking Guidelines

              Markers should consider when and where a candidate has rounded off in
               a calculation, as well as the subsequent effect it has on the final answer
               obtained. The mark for calculations should therefore be awarded on
               merit.
              Alternative methods of calculations must be considered, provided that the
               correct answer is obtained.

3.        When marking drawings:
           The member for which the mark should be awarded should be drawn
             correctly in the correct position to receive a mark.
           A member incorrectly drawn but wrongfully repeated in another position will
             be awarded the mark for the repeated incorrect member, provided that the
             marking guidelines provide for TWO or more marks for that member
             (positive marking).
           Marks can only be awarded for a label if the label is correctly indicating the
             correct member.
           Scale drawings should always be marked using an appropriate mask.

          When a candidate drew the wrong drawing, e.g.:
           A horizontal sectional view instead of a vertical sectional view, no marks will
             be allocated to the drawing as the candidate did not respond to the
             expected outcome.
           An orthographic view instead of a sectional view, no marks will be allocated
             to the drawing as the candidate did not respond to the expected outcome.
           An orthographic view instead of an isometric view, no marks will be
             allocated to the drawing as the candidate did not respond to the expected
             outcome.

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Civil Technology: Construction                    4                      DBE/November 2021
                                       NSC – Marking Guidelines

QUESTION 1: OHSA, SAFETY, MATERIALS, TOOLS, EQUIPMENT AND JOINING
            (GENERIC)

1.1       1.1.1        Galvanising                                                               (1)

          1.1.2        Paint                                                                     (1)

          1.1.3        Electroplating                                                            (1)

          1.1.4        Curing                                                                    (1)

          1.1.5        Powder coating                                                            (1)

1.2       1.2.1        Scaffolding must be:
                        Properly propped against displacement. 
                        Able to carry the mass or load. 
                        Securely and effectively braced to ensure stability/Stable.
                        Secured at suitable vertical and horizontal distances to the
                           structure.
                        Free of defects/sharp edges.
                        Constructed so that it has a safety factor of at least two.
                        Levelled.
                        Inspected regularly.
                       ANY TWO OF THE ABOVE                                                       (2)

          1.2.2        Toe-board/Kickboard                                                       (1)

          1.2.3        When working on scaffolding:
                        Wear a safety harness/safety equipment/PPE. 
                        Do not throw any materials from a scaffold. 
                        Do not throw any tools from a scaffold.
                        Never jump from a scaffold.
                        Do not overload a scaffold.
                        Remove or cover sharp edges or corners of a scaffold.
                        Scaffold should be kept free of waste/obstructions.
                       ANY TWO OF THE ABOVE                                                       (2)

1.3       To remove waste:
           Use a chute/pipe chute 
           Use a conveyor belt/ramp 
           Use a bucket with a rope/pulley system
           Use a forklift/mobi-lift/TLB/crane with a bucket/builders’ hoist
          ANY TWO OF THE ABOVE                                                                    (2)

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Civil Technology: Construction                 5                       DBE/November 2021
                                    NSC – Marking Guidelines

1.4       Safe use of trestle scaffolds:
           Scaffolds should be soundly constructed of solid material. 
           All precautionary measures should be taken to prevent the unexpected
              spreading of its supporting legs when in use. 
           Trestles should not exceed a height of 3 m.
           Trestles scaffolds should not consist of more than two tiers.
          ANY TWO OF THE ABOVE                                                                (2)

1.5       Hoisting materials and equipment in a builder’s hoist:
           Materials and equipment should be firmly stacked. 
           Materials and equipment should be correctly stacked.
           Materials and equipment should be properly secured.
           Gates must be shut when in use.
           Overhead protection must be provided.
           Qualified person must operate the builders' hoist.
           Emergency brake mechanism must be installed.
           Not exceed the working capacity of the hoist/Not overload the hoist.
           Safety measures must be displayed inside the cage.
          ANY ONE OF THE ABOVE                                                                (1)

1.6           Drill a hole through the two metal plates. 
              Insert the bolt into the drilled holes. 
              Fasten the two plates with a bolt and nut.                                    (3)

1.7       Used to locate:
           Materials behind walls. 
           Materials in ceilings.
           Materials under floors.
           Steel bars
           Copper pipes
           Ferrous metals
           Non-ferrous metals
           Electrical wiring
           Services
           Wood/Wooden/metal studs behind walls.
           The distance to and from an object.
          ANY ONE OF THE ABOVE                                                                (1)
          Care
          Protect the multi-detector against:
           Moisture/Water/Corrosion 
           Direct sunlight/heat
           Extreme temperature changes
           Bumps/Falling
           Damage caused by the release of acid from the battery
          ANY ONE OF THE ABOVE                                                                (1)
                                                                                              [20]

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Civil Technology: Construction                  6                         DBE/November 2021
                                     NSC – Marking Guidelines

QUESTION 2: GRAPHICS AS MEANS OF COMMUNICATION (GENERIC)

ANSWER SHEET 2

NO.                    QUESTIONS                                ANSWERS                   MARKS
        Identify the scale you will use for the    1 : 200 
1.      site plan and the floor plan                                                             2
                                                   1 : 100 
        respectively.
        Who is responsible to verify all
2.      dimensions and levels on site before       Contractors                                  1
        commencing work?
        What type of fencing does the
3.      architect recommend for the new            Palisade fencing/Palisade                    1
        dwelling?
        State the colour that you would use to
4.      indicate the new dwelling on the site      Red                                          1
        plan.
5.      Identify number 1.                         Boundary line                                1

6.      Identify number 2.                         Building line                                1

7.      Identify number 3.                         Electricity meter/Watt meter                 1

8.      Identify number 4.                         Entrance/Exit/Driveway                       1

9.      Identify number 5.                         Water storage tank/Water tank                1

10.     Identify number 6.                         Pavement/Walkway/Sidewalk                    1
                                                   North point/North symbol/North
11.     Identify number 7.                                                                       1
                                                   sign/North direction 
                                                   Municipal connection/Municipal
12.     Identify number 8.                                                                       1
                                                   manhole/Main sewer connection 
13.     Identify number 9.                         Manhole                                      1
        Determine the distance between
14.     number 2 and the new dwelling on the       4 000 mm/4 m                                 1
        eastern side of the building.
        Deduce the plot number of the new
15.                                                Plot 31                                      1
        dwelling from FIGURE A.
        Which elevation is the closest to
16.                                                South elevation/South                        1
        Loerie Street?
        What is the plot number of the
17.     property on the western side of the        Plot 35                                      1
        dwelling?

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Civil Technology: Construction                7                          DBE/November 2021
                                   NSC – Marking Guidelines

                                                 No window in the dining room 
                                                 110 mm of outside wall is incorrect/
                                                 Internal wall thickness 
                                                 Light switch in bathroom is in wrong
                                                 place
                                                 220 mm inside wall in room A is
                                                 incorrect/External wall thickness
                                                 No step at the kitchen door
                                                 No door in dining room/living
                                                 room/door opening
                                                 No arch indicated at dining                    2
18.     Deduce TWO faults on FIGURE B.
                                                 room/living room
                                                 Floor covering not indicated in
                                                 rooms
                                                 No socket outlets/plugs in rooms
                                                 No hatching of floor plan
                                                 No ceiling light in passage
                                                 No dashed/hidden detail lines
                                                 shown between living/dining/kitchen
                                                 to indicate the arch
                                                 ANY TWO OF THE ABOVE

        Which natural feature is indicated on    Trees/Shrubs                                  1
19.
        the site plan?
        What is wrong with the electrical        The light switch is fitted on the
20.     installation in the bathroom in          inside of the bathroom/Switch is               1
        FIGURE B?                                incorrectly placed. 
21.     Identify number 10.                      Ramp                                          1
                                                 Sink–double bowl/
22.     Identify number 11.                                                                     1
                                                 Double bowl sink/Double sink 
23.     Identify number 12.                      Two-way switch                                1
                                                 One-way switch single-pole/One-
24.     Identify number 13.                                                                     1
                                                 way switch/Single-pole switch 

25.     Draw the symbol of a socket outlet.                                                     2
                                                                           

26.     Draw the symbol for a shower.
                                                                                              2

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Civil Technology: Construction              8                       DBE/November 2021
                                 NSC – Marking Guidelines

                                                                                          2
        Draw the symbol for a wall-mounted
27.
        light.
                                                                  

                                              Dressing room/Walk-in closet 
                                              En-suite/Bathroom 
                                              Gym/Gymnasium
                                              Study/Office
28.     Recommend TWO uses for ROOM A.                                                    2
                                              Store/Rest/Baby/Play/Games/
                                              Guest/TV room
                                              Laundry
                                              ANY TWO OF THE ABOVE
                                              24 500  – 5 000  – 9 000  –
                                              3 000  – 5 000 
        Calculate the omitted horizontal      = 2 500  mm
29.     dimension on the site plan. Give your ANY OTHER CALCULATION                       6
        answer in mm. Show ALL calculations. METHOD TO ARRIVE AT THE
                                              ANSWER

                                                                        TOTAL:            40

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Civil Technology: Construction                9                         DBE/November 2021
                                   NSC – Marking Guidelines

QUESTION 3: ROOFS, STAIRCASES AND JOINING (SPECIFIC)

3.1       Balustrade patterns:
           Mopani pattern 
           Transvalia pattern
           Ultra-modern pattern
           Space-age pattern
           Straight
           Spiralled
           Curved
          ANY ONE OF THE ABOVE                                                                  (1)

3.2       Timber handrails can be mounted to walls by:
           Screwing the handrails onto the walls. 
           Using brackets.
          ANY ONE OF THE ABOVE                                                                  (1)

3.3       850 mm                                                                               (1)

3.4       To cover the floor joist and trimmers exposed by the stairwell openings.             (1)

3.5       14 days                                                                              (1)

3.6       Nuts                                                                                 (1)

3.7       Types of cast-in anchors:
           Hex-head bolt with washer 
           L-bolt
           J-bolt
           Welded headed stud
          ANY ONE OF THE ABOVE                                                                  (1)

3.8       Wall plate                                                                           (1)

3.9       Tie beam                                                                             (1)

3.10      White/Yellow/Blue/Silver/Black/Green                                                 (1)

3.11      Lean-to roof                                                                         (1)

3.12      Couple roof                                                                          (1)

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Civil Technology: Construction                 10                       DBE/November 2021
                                     NSC – Marking Guidelines

3.13
                                                         
                                          KING POST 114 mm x 38 mm

                                                                    RAFTER 114 mm x 38 mm
  QUEEN POST 114 mm x 38 mm
                                                
                                                                
                                                                    WALL PLATE 114 mm x 38 mm
                             
                                                          
                      30º        
                                              
                                                    TIE BEAM 114 mm x 38 mm
                       STRUT 114 mm x 38 mm

                                             SPAN

                      WALL 220 mm

                ASSESSMENT CRITERIA         MARK
            Correctness of drawing:
            Rafters                           2
            King post                         1
            Tie beam                          1
            Queen post                        1
            Struts                            2
            Wall plate                        1
            Any ONE label with dimensions     2
                                     TOTAL:  10                                               (10)

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Civil Technology: Construction
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                                                           NSC – Marking Guidelines

3.14
                                                                                                       RIDGE BEAM
                                                                                      

                                  RAFTER
                                                                                                      

                                                                                      
                                                                                         WALL PLATE                            

                                                    TIE BEAM

            ASSESSMENT CRITERIA             MARK
            Correctness of drawing:                                         
            Tie beam                            1                        SCALE 1:10        USE A MASK TO MARK THE DRAWING
            Rafters                             2
            Ridge beam                          1
            Wall plates                         2
            Application of scale:
            One or Two incorrect     =2         2
            Three or Four incorrect = 1
            More than Five incorrect = 0
                                   TOTAL:       8
                                                                                                                                       (8)

                                                                                                                                       [30]

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Civil Technology: Construction                 12                      DBE/November 2021
                                     NSC – Marking Guidelines

QUESTION          4:   EXCAVATIONS, FORMWORK,              TOOLS,   EQUIPMENT    AND
                       MATERIALS (SPECIFIC)

4.1       4.1.1         D                                                                  (1)

          4.1.2         H                                                                  (1)

          4.1.3         E                                                                  (1)

          4.1.4         I                                                                  (1)

          4.1.5         J                                                                  (1)

          4.1.6         G                                                                  (1)

          4.1.7         A                                                                  (1)

          4.1.8         F                                                                  (1)

4.2       Consequences of neglecting to determine the location of services:
           This may affect/hamper/delay the excavation/construction process. 
           It may have unplanned cost implications.
           Damage to services may occur.
           Injuries may occur.
          ANY ONE OF THE ABOVE                                                              (1)

4.3       Safety precautions at night:
           The excavation must be well-lit at night. 
           Red or orange warning lights should be visible. 
           Fence off the area.
           Post visible warning signs.
           Wear appropriate visible PPE.
          ANY THREE OF THE ABOVE                                                            (3)

4.4       4.4.1         Members omitted:
                         Walling boards 
                         Folding wedges/Wedge 
                         Struts
                        ANY TWO OF THE ABOVE

                        Consequence:
                         The excavation could collapse.                                   (3)

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Civil Technology: Construction                     13                      DBE/November 2021
                                         NSC – Marking Guidelines

          4.4.2

                                 

                                                    
                                          

                                                         ASSESSMENT CRITERIA MARK
                                                         Correctness of drawing:
                                                         Poling boards            1
                                                         Walling boards           2
                                                         Folding wedges           1
                                                         Strut                    1
                                                                           TOTAL: 5               (5)

4.5       4.5.1        The removal of the formwork.                                              (1)

          4.5.2         Applied to the interior surfaces of the formwork for quick release
                         of the formwork. 
                        Ensures that formwork does not stick to the concrete.
                       ANY ONE OF THE ABOVE                                                       (1)

          4.5.3        The bottom board that supports freshly poured concrete.                   (1)

4.6       4.6.1        Formwork for a concrete beam with floor slab.                             (1)

          4.6.2        A – Cleats 
                       B – Fixing plate/Kicker plates 
                       C – Shutter board/Soffit board sides 
                       D – Bearer/Head tree
                       E - Brace/Strut                                                           (5)

4.7       4.7.1        Personal protective equipment:
                        Gloves 
                        Safety boots/Gumboots/Boots 
                        Overall 
                        Safety glasses
                        Earmuffs/Earplugs
                        Dust mask
                        Hard hat/Safety helmet
                        ANY THREE OF THE ABOVE                                                    (3)

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Civil Technology: Construction               14                      DBE/November 2021
                                   NSC – Marking Guidelines

          4.7.2        Methods to prevent rusting:
                        Remove water from the drum. 
                        Oil the inside of the drum.
                        Store concrete mixer with the opening of drum facing
                          downwards.
                       ANY ONE OF THE ABOVE                                                 (1)

4.8       Strength - Cube test 
          Workability - Slump test                                                         (2)

4.9       24 hours/7 days/14 days/28 days                                                  (1)

4.10       Non–Ferrous metals 
           Ferrous metals 
           Alloys
          ANY TWO OF THE ABOVE                                                              (2)

4.11      Reasons for cladding a wall:
           To protect walls against weather elements like rainwater and wind. 
           For aesthetical purposes. 
           For functional purposes.
           For insulation purposes.
           To cover defects/imperfections.
          ANY TWO OF THE ABOVE                                                              (2)
                                                                                            [40]

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Civil Technology: Construction                  15                           DBE/November 2021
                                      NSC – Marking Guidelines

QUESTION 5: PLASTER AND SCREED, BRICKWORK AND GRAPHICS AS
            MEANS OF COMMUNICATION (SPECIFIC)

5.1       5.1.1        C -  Wet/Prepare/Clean the wall 
                       B -  Apply the plaster 
                       D -  Level/Cut the plaster/Removing access plaster (Sawing
                             movement) 
                       A -  Smoothen/Float/Finish the surface                                     (8)

          5.1.2        Purpose of wetting the wall:
                        If not done, the plaster will not stick properly to the wall. 
                        If not done, the plaster will dry out too quickly.
                        If not done, the strength of the plaster will be affected
                       ANY ONE OF THE ABOVE                                                         (1)

          5.1.3        Builder’s lime/Lime                                                         (1)

5.2       5.2.1        Jointing:
                        River sand/Plaster sand is used as grouting between paving
                           blocks/bricks. 
                        Mixture of plaster sand and cement is used as grouting
                           between paving blocks/bricks.
                       ANY ONE OF THE ABOVE                                                         (1)

          5.2.2        Bedding sand:
                       The final layer upon which the paving units are laid.                       (1)

          5.2.3        Walkways:
                       Paving is subjected to only pedestrian use.                                 (1)

5.3       5.3.1
                                            
                                                       OR
                                              

                                      BASKET-WEAVE PAVING PATTERN

                              ASSESSMENT CRITERIA                    MARK         Creating
                        Vertical first and second full bricks          2          pattern 
                        Horizontal first and second full bricks        2
                        Creating pattern                               1
                                                          TOTAL:       5                            (5)

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Civil Technology: Construction                     16                        DBE/November 2021
                                         NSC – Marking Guidelines

          5.3.2
                        
                                                            OR
                                 

                        

                                 OR

                                         HERRINGBONE PAVING PATTERN

                                                   Creating pattern 

                                         ASSESSMENT CRITERIA MARK
                                         Half brick                    1
                                         Full bricks to create pattern 3
                                         Creating pattern              1
                                                              TOTAL:   5
                                                                                                    (5)

5.4       5.4.1        To hold the two skins (walls) of the cavity wall together.                  (1)

          5.4.2        Weep holes must be positioned:
                        Above the horizontal damp-proof course of the external wall. 
                        On the same level as the concrete floor.
                        Above the lintel on top of the window/door opening.
                        Minimum 150 mm above NGL.
                       ANY ONE OF THE ABOVE                                                         (1)

          5.4.3          Water that penetrates the outside wall can drain out through
                          the weep hole. 
                        For ventilation purposes.
                       ANY ONE OF THE ABOVE                                                         (1)

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Civil Technology: Construction                     17               DBE/November 2021
                                         NSC – Marking Guidelines

5.5
                      FACE BRICK

                                                         

                                                              
                                              

                              . ..................
                      PLASTER                           HINGE
                                 DOOR FRAME IN FACE BRICK WALL

                                    ASSESSMENT CRITERIA MARK
                                    Face brick wall
                                                              1
                                    (Correct hatching)
                                    Plaster                   1
                                    Steel door frame          2
                                                       TOTAL: 4                           (4)
                                                                                          [30]

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Civil Technology: Construction                   18                          DBE/November 2021
                                       NSC – Marking Guidelines

QUESTION 6:           REINFORCEMENT IN CONCRETE,                      FOUNDATIONS,        CONCRETE
                      FLOORS AND QUANTITIES (SPECIFIC)

6.1       6.1.1        C                                                                          (1)

          6.1.2        C                                                                          (1)

          6.1.3        A                                                                          (1)

          6.1.4        D                                                                          (1)

          6.1.5        A                                                                          (1)

6.2       1 500 mm                                                                                (1)

6.3       90 mm                                                                                   (1)

6.4       On the load bearing wall.                                                               (1)

6.5
                                                                          HOLLOW-CORE
                                      STEEL MAT/REINFORCING
                                                                          CONCRETE
                                      MESH/REINFORCING BARS
                                                                          BLOCKS

                  
                                                    

                                                                     
                                                                 
                                             
                                                                              WALL

                      PRE-STRESSED                                    REINFORCING IN
                      CONCRETE RIBS                                   RIBS 

                                  ASSESSMENT CRITERIA         MARK
                                 Correctness of drawing:
                                 Ribs with reinforcing          4
                                 Reinforcing mesh               2
                                 Concrete floor                 2
                                 Any ONE Label                  1
                                                       TOTAL:   9                                  (9)

6.6       6.6.1        Main bar                                                                   (1)

          6.6.2        Anchor bar/Pressure bar/Compression bar                                    (1)

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Civil Technology: Construction                19                      DBE/November 2021
                                    NSC – Marking Guidelines

                                 MINIMUM CONCRETE COVER DEPTH 

6.6.3       STIRRUPS
                                                                             SHEAR BAR

                                                              
                                                     

                     MAIN BAR                                   ANCHOR BAR

                                            FIGURE 6.6

                      ASSESSMENT CRITERIA            MARK
                      Correctness of drawing:
                      Binders close spacing            1
                      Binders bigger spacing           1
                      Shear bar                        3
                      Minimum concrete cover depth     1
                                              TOTAL:   6                                    (6)

6.7       Minimum cover depth in reinforced concrete is important:
           To protect the steel against corrosion. 
           To ensure adequate bonding between the steel and the concrete. 
           To ensure adequate protection of steel in the event of a fire.
          ANY TWO OF THE ABOVE                                                              (2)

6.8       6.8.1        40 mm                                                               (1)

          6.8.2        30 mm                                                               (1)

          6.8.3        60 mm                                                               (1)

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Civil Technology: Construction                    20                         DBE/November 2021
                                        NSC – Marking Guidelines

6.9.1         A         B           C                             D
                                           Total length of damp-proof course needed
                                           for outer walls:
           2/        8,5        17 m     Length of the long wall = 8 500 mm
           2/        4           8m      Length of the short wall = 4 000 mm
                                 25 m
                                                                   OR
                                           2/8 500  = 17 000
                                           2/4 000  = 8 000
                                                      25 000
                                           25 m damp-proof course needed                         (6)

6.9.2                                      Number of bricks for inner wall

           1/        2,78                 Length of inner wall: 3 000 – 220 = 2780 mm
                     2,6                  Height of inner wall: 2 600 mm
                     50                   Use 50 bricks/m² for half brick wall
                                 361,4/    362 Bricks needed for the inner wall.
                                 362
                                 bricks                                                         (4)
                                                                                                 [40]

                                                                                   TOTAL:        200

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