# Economics Grade 11 P1 Eastern Cape November 2023 Memo (Eng)

> Grade 11 Economics Paper 1 memorandum from the Eastern Cape November Exam 2023 (English), 16 pages. Read online or download the free PDF.

- Page: https://www.hlayiso.com/library/economics-p1-gr11-memo-nov-2023-english-1/ce1ea1bf-be4c-4a68-8286-8f4cd0eb8cf6
- Updated: 2026-09-27
- Subject: Economics
- Grade: Grade 11
- Language: English
- Document type: Memorandum
- Year: 2023
- Exam period: Eastern Cape November Exam
- Paper: 1
- Curriculum: CAPS
- Pages: 16

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Economics · Grade 11 · Eastern Cape November Exam · 2023 · English. Memorandum, 16 pages. Read online or download the PDF.

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                         NATIONAL
                    SENIOR CERTIFICATE

                               GRADE 11

                      NOVEMBER 2023

                    ECONOMICS P1
                  MARKING GUIDELINE

MARKS:   150

               This marking guideline consists of 16 pages.

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2                                   ECONOMICS P1                               (EC/NOVEMBER 2023)

SECTION A (COMPULSORY)

QUESTION 1

1.1     MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS

        1.1.1        C    rent

        1.1.2        A    households

        1.1.3        D    bureaucracy

        1.1.4        C    depreciation

        1.1.5        B    gross domestic product

        1.1.6        B    Lorenz curve

        1.1.7        A    progressive

        1.1.8        D    National Development Plan                                      (16)(8 x 2)

1.2     MATCHING ITEMS

        1.2.1        C     –   facilities, activities and services which support the
                                operation and development of other sectors

        1.2.2        G     –   a statistic used to rank countries in terms of life
                                expectancy, education and standard of living

        1.2.3        F     –   replace themselves over a long period

        1.2.4        A     –   assets that are used in the production process over
                                a long time

        1.2.5        H     –   additions of money into the circular flow

        1.2.6        B     –   measures the degree of income inequality and
                                wealth distribution between households

        1.2.7        D     –   the best possible outcome within a given set of
                                circumstances

        1.2.8        E     –   gross national product divided by population
                                                                               (8 x 1)      (8)

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(EC/NOVEMBER 2023)                     ECONOMICS P1                              3

1.3     GIVE ONE TERM

        1.3.1        Intermediate goods 

        1.3.2        Natural resources 

        1.3.3        Capital deepening 

        1.3.4        Land restitution 

        1.3.5        Cash reserves 

        1.3.6        Economically active population               (6 x 1)    (6)

                                                        TOTAL SECTION A:      30

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4                                   ECONOMICS P1                           (EC/NOVEMBER 2023)

SECTION B

Answer TWO of the three questions in this section in the ANSWER BOOK.

QUESTION 2: MACROECONOMICS

2.1     2.1.1        Name any TWO examples of durable goods.
                     • vehicles 
                     • books 
                     • household goods / home appliances / consumer
                        electronics 
                     • furniture 
                     • tools                                       (Any 2 x 1)            (2)

        2.1.2        Why is it important for the government to empower
                     marginalised people in the economy?
                     Empowering the marginalised can boost the economy resulting
                     in faster economic growth.                    (Any 1 x 2)           (2)

2.2     DATA RESPONSE

        2.2.1        Identify the classification of gross capital formation in the
                     above table.
                     Gross capital formation by kind of asset                             (1)

        2.2.2        Name ONE main national account aggregate.
                     • Gross valued added/gross domestic product/GVA/GDP 
                     • Gross national expenditure (GNE) 
                     • Gross national income (GNI)                  (Any 1 x 1)           (1)

        2.2.3        Briefly describe the term gross capital formation.
                     Gross capital formation occurs when capital stock such as
                     machinery, buildings and inventories increase  /
                     Gross capital formation takes place when firms replace capital
                     goods that become outdated, broken or have reached the end
                     of their lifespan with new capital goods 
                     (Accept any other correct relevant response.)       (Any 1 x 2)       (2)

        2.2.4        Explain the importance of national account aggregates in
                     an economy.
                     They measure the performance of an economy by providing
                     information on economic growth, inflation and other economic
                     indicators. 
                     (Accept any other correct relevant response.)         (1 x 2)         (2)

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 (EC/NOVEMBER 2023)                  ECONOMICS P1                                            5

        2.2.5     Why is capital formation important for the economy?
                  • Capital formation leads to more money circulating in the
                    economy. 
                  • The accumulation of capital goods translates to investment
                    and the production of more goods and services 
                  • This boosts the income of the population and stimulate
                    demand.                                       (Any 2 x 2)            (4)

2.3     DATA RESPONSE

        2.3.1    Identify a level of government from the information above.
                 • Central government                                                     (1)

        2.3.2    Name the economic system that South Africa is currently
                 using.
                 • Mixed economic system                                                  (1)

        2.3.3    Briefly describe the term economic system.
                 An economic system is a set of principles and techniques by
                 which a society decides on and organises the ownership,
                 allocation and use of scarce economic resources, and organises
                 the production, distribution and consumption of goods and
                 services. 
                 (Accept any other correct relevant response.)           (1 x 2)           (2)

        2.3.4    Explain ownership as a characteristic of centrally planned
                 economy.
                 • The government owns and controls the factors of
                    production. 
                 • Labour, however, is not owned but is directed by the
                    government. 
                 • The government can control all land, labour and capital to
                    serve the economic objectives of the state. 
                 • There is no private property (land and capital) as it has all
                    been nationalised, expropriated or confiscated by the
                    government.                                        (Any 1 x 2)       (2)

        2.3.5    How does freedom of choice benefit the households as
                 consumers of goods and services?
                 • Consumers are able to buy from sellers who offer goods at
                     a lesser price when they have freedom of choice. 
                 • Consumers may have an opportunity to choose the quality
                     and quantity of goods that they prefer when buying. 
                 • Freedom of choice allows consumers to satisfy their needs
                     and wants according to their taste and preferences. 
                    (Accept any other correct relevant response.)     (Any 2 x 2)          (4)

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6                               ECONOMICS P1                            (EC/NOVEMBER 2023)

2.4     Discuss the characteristics of a market economy.
        • The market forces of demand and supply determine what, how and for
           whom to produce ✓✓
        • Price act as signals in the free market to prevent shortages and
           surpluses ✓✓
        • The individual can act on his own initiative and has freedom of choice
           with regard to all economic choices. ✓✓
        • Most of the factors of production are privately owned and
           controlled. ✓✓
        • Decision-making is decentralised. ✓✓
        • A market economy is subject to continuous business fluctuations. ✓✓
        • Market economies are subject to market failures. ✓✓
           (Accept any other relevant correct response.)               (Any 4 x 2)     (8)

2.5     Examine the actions (strategies) taken by the government to
        increase accessibility of the economically marginalised groups
        through empowerment.
        • The Human Resource Development Strategy was implemented to
           reduce the levels of poverty, unemployment and inequality. 
        • The South African Schools Act, implemented in 1994, focuses on the
           transformation of education to improve access, quality, equity and
           redress for learners without discrimination of any kind. 
        • The Broad Based Black Economic Empowerment policy provides a
           basis for transforming the South African economy to eradicate
           inequality, and to encourage full participation of black people in the
           economic mainstream. 
        • The introduction of new labour legislation has had a great impact on
           jobs in South Africa, especially the Labour Relations Act, the Basic
           Conditions of Employment Act, the Employment Equity Act and the
           Skills Development Act. 
        • Entrepreneurship, grants, skills development through training and
           other forms of assistance to motivate people to become self-employed
           were implemented. 
        • The Expanded Public Works Programme, launched in May 2004, is
           the largest job-creating initiative that the government has
           undertaken. 
        • The National Youth Agency, launched in June 2009, aims to help
           people between the ages of 16 and 25 who want to continue their
           education by providing them with part-time jobs. 
           (Accept any other correct relevant response.)               (Any 4 x 2)    (8)
        •                                                                            [40]

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(EC/NOVEMBER 2023)                  ECONOMICS P1                                         7

QUESTION 3: ECONOMIC PURSUITS

3.1     3.1.1    Name any TWO sources of wealth.
                 • Savings 
                 • Inheritance 
                 • Profits generated by running a business 
                 • Luck 
                   (Accept any other correct relevant response.)       (Any 2 x 1)      (2)

        3.1.2    How will the South African Reserve Bank intervene when a
                 bank experiences bank failure?
                 The Reserve Bank will take curatorship of the bank and may
                 provide financing to meet their obligations. 
                 (Accept any other correct relevant response.)    (Any 1 x 2)           (2)

3.2     DATA RESPONSE

        3.2.1    Identify a plan to ensure economic development in South
                 Africa from the information above.
                 National Skills Development Strategy (NSDS) 

        3.2.2    Name a characteristic of developing countries.
                 • Low standard of living 
                 • Low levels of productivity 
                 • High population growth and dependency burdens 
                 • High levels of unemployment 
                 • Dependence on the primary sector 
                 • Deficient infrastructure                       (Any 1 x 1)          (1)

        3.2.3    Briefly describe the term economic development.
                 • Economic development refers to an improvement in the
                    standard of living and well-being of the citizens of a
                    country. 
                    (Accept any other correct relevant response.)          (1 x 2)      (2)

        3.2.4    Explain the importance of indigenous knowledge systems in
                 the economy.
                 • IKS are seen as the key to sustainable social and economic
                    development. 
                 • Provide a productive framework for activities aimed at helping
                    communities. 
                 • Offer problem-solving plans or strategies for local
                    communities, especially the poor. 
                 • Represent an important contribution to global development
                    knowledge. 
                    (Accept any other correct relevant response.)     (Any 1 x 2)       (2)

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 8                                ECONOMICS P1                             (EC/NOVEMBER 2023)

        3.2.5     Why     does      economic       growth    improve economic
                  development?
                  • Economic development is measured through the living
                     standards. 
                  • Living standards only increase when income is created,
                     which is a direct result of economic growth. 
                     (Accept any other correct relevant response.)      (2 x 2)          (4)

3.3     DATA RESPONSE

        3.3.1     Identify a monetary policy instrument from the extract
                  above.
                  Interest rates                                                        (1)

        3.3.2     Name any function of the central bank (SARB).
                  • Bank of issue 
                  • Act as banker to the government 
                  • Custodian of foreign reserves 
                  • Act as bankers’ bank                               (Any 1 x 1)      (1)

        3.3.3     Briefly describe the term prime lending rate.
                  • The prime lending rate is the lowest rate at which a bank will
                     lend money to its favourite customers. 
                     (Accept any other correct relevant response.)          (1 x 2)      (2)

        3.3.4     Explain the aim of the SARB’s monetary policy.
                  • The aim of the South African Reserve Bank is to protect the
                    value of the currency in the interest of balanced and
                    sustainable economic growth in the Republic / achieve
                    and maintain price stability of the rand. 
                    (Accept any other correct relevant response.)       (1 x 2)          (2)

        3.3.5     How is the South African economy negatively affected by
                  the continuous hike in interest rates?
                  • Both businesses and consumers will cut back on
                     spending 
                  • This will cause earnings to fall and stock prices to drop. 
                  • The cost of doing business rises for public (and private)
                     companies. 
                     (Accept any other correct relevant response.)       (Any 2 x 2)     (4)

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 (EC/NOVEMBER 2023)                 ECONOMICS P1                                         9

3.4    Briefly discuss foreign exchange risks and poor credit evaluation as
       reasons for bank failures.
       • A poor economic environment makes it difficult for banks to make a
          profit. 
       • A weak and fraudulent management may contribute to failure. 
       • The over exposure to micro-lending and bad debts. 
       • Poor and bad management can lead to liquidity. 
       • Poor credit control measures that are in place 
          (Accept any other correct relevant response.)               (Any 4 x 2)       (8)

3.5    Evaluate the Reconstruction and Development Programme as a
       development strategy in South Africa.
       Positive:
       • RDP was a labour-intensive public works programme 
       • It assisted in the reduction of poverty by providing more employment 
       • It was a socio-economic policy framework that went through as a golden
          thread in every government plan 
       • It assisted in the development of human resources,  one of the most
          important resources that the economy needs for development 
       • It assisted in the increase of infrastructure development 
       • It promoted the implementation of land reform 
       • It helped in the provisioning of houses, water, electricity and primary
          health care                                                 (Any 2 x 2)

       Negative:
       • The unemployment rate kept rising 
       • Poverty and service delivery were never improved 
         (Accept any other correct relevant responses.)                 (Any 2 x 2)
                                                                            (4 + 4)     (8)
                                                                                       [40]

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10                               ECONOMICS P1                              (EC/NOVEMBER 2023)

QUESTION 4: MACROECONOMICS AND ECONOMIC PURSUITS

4.1     4.1.1    Name TWO ways in which standards of living can be
                 measured.
                 • Consumption 
                 • Income                                   (2 x 1)                      (2)

        4.1.2    Why are imports not included in domestic expenditure?
                 • It is because they do not form part of domestic production. 
                 • The income from their purchases is spent in other countries
                   and not locally. 
                   (Accept any other correct relevant response.)       (Any 1 x 2)        (2)

4.2     DATA RESPONSE

        4.2.1    Identify a category of labour from the above information.
                 Skilled labour                                                          (1)

        4.2.2    Name an economic term that refers to highly skilled workers
                 leaving a country to look for better work opportunities in
                 other countries.
                 Brain drain                                                             (1)

        4.2.3    Briefly describe the term labour.
                 Labour is the use of human mental and physical effort to produce
                 goods and services to get a reward in the form of income. 
                 (Accept any other correct relevant response.)                            (2)

        4.2.4    Explain the difference between nominal and real wages.
                 A nominal wage is not adjusted for inflation, while a real wage is a
                 wage adjusted for inflation. 
                 (Accept any other correct relevant response.)                            (2)

        4.2.5    How can the quality of labour be improved in South Africa?
                 • Increasing access to community colleges and technical and
                   vocational training colleges. 
                 • Implementation of a national minimum wage. 
                 • Ensuring employment tax incentive works correctly and
                   establishing of a national anti-corruption strategy. 
                   (Accept any other correct relevant response.)         (Any 2 x 2)      (4)

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(EC/NOVEMBER 2023)                     ECONOMICS P1                                         11

4.3      DATA RESPONSE

         4.3.1       Identify a function of money from the above information.
                     Medium of exchange                                                    (1)

         4.3.2       Name the South African currency.
                     Rand/ZAR                                                              (1)

         4.3.3       Briefly describe the term micro-lending.
                     Micro-lending is the practice of granting small loans to those in
                     need, which are usually small amounts. 
                     (Accept any other correct relevant response.)                          (2)

         4.3.4       Explain the role of the National Credit Act in the economy.
                     • The National Credit Act aims to ensure that borrowers are
                       not charged excessively high interest rates 
                     • It also ensures that loans are only granted to people who are
                       able to service the debt 
                       (Accept any other correct relevant response.)      (Any 1 x 2)       (2)

         4.3.5       How can the government stabilise the value of money in a
                     country?
                     The government stabilise the value of money by:
                     • Stabilising the general price level. 
                     • Keeping inflation at a minimum level. 
                     • Using monetary policy as an instrument to control inflation
                        e.g. interest rates. 
                     • Increasing the interest rate if inflation rises above the
                        Reserve Bank’s upper limit,  to curb spending and
                        decrease demand, again stabilising the value of money. 
                        (Accept any other correct relevant response.)    (Any 2 x 2)        (4)

4.4      Differentiate between real and money flows.
         Real flow:
         • Factors of production flow from the households to producers via the
            factor markets. 
         • Goods and services flow from the producers via the goods markets to
            households and other users of goods and services. 
         • Factors of production and goods and services flow from foreign
            countries to South Africa (imports). 
         • Factors of production and goods and services flow from South Africa
            to foreign countries (exports).                       (Any 2 x 2)

         Money flow
         • Factor remuneration represents the expenditure of producers and the
           income of households (wages, rent, interest and profit). 
         • On the other hand, consumption expenditure represents the
           expenditure of households and the income of producers.  (2 x 2)
                                                                        (4 + 4)             (8)

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12                              ECONOMICS P1                             (EC/NOVEMBER 2023)

4.5     Examine the relationship between bank failure and economic
        activities.
        • The banks are very important institutions in any given economy due
           to their role of financing the economy. 
        • Bank failures hamper the money supply in the economy. 
        • When banks fail, firms lose the funding and are forced to cut back on
           their operations. 
        • This results in unemployment rates going up due to lay-offs, low
           profits and reduction in production by these firms. 
        • If a bank has not fully insured the deposits, the borrowers would
           likely suffer losses and have a reduction of their wealth. 
        • This is transmitted into the real economy through reduced demand
           for goods and services. 
        • During liquidation of banks the assets are sold off to repay the
           depositors. 
        • This could take very long and results in the loss of value for
           money. 
        • When one bank fails, it causes other banks to have a contraction of
           money supply. 
        • The other banks may become more pessimistic about the economy
           and try to reduce their lending in the economy. 
           (Accept any other correct relevant response.)               (Any 4 x 2)     (8)
                                                                                      [40]

                                                            TOTAL SECTION B:            80

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 (EC/NOVEMBER 2023)                  ECONOMICS P1                                          13

SECTION C

QUESTION 5: MACROECONOMICS

• Discuss in detail the economic importance of the tertiary sector.
                                                                 (26 marks)
• Examine the relationship between the different sectors in the economy.
                                                                  (10 marks)

INTRODUCTION

The tertiary sector is an economic sector that involves the provisioning of
services.  (Accept any other correct relevant introduction.)                            (2)

MAIN PART
Contributes to GDP 
• The tertiary sector’s contribution to GDP is estimated at 62 percent in South
  Africa 
• In the current technological environment, it is predicted that the growth in the
  tertiary sector will play a bigger role in GDP’s contribution in future. 
• The actual contribution of the tertiary sector to the GDP may be
  understated. 
• Many essential services are not included, such as the service of the
  homemakers, as well as services rendered by businesses for themselves in
  the primary and secondary sector e.g., computer services, bookkeeping and
  training. 

Contribution to employment 
• South Africa earns foreign income by exporting primary sector products such
  as fruit, nuts, grain and various minerals. 
• The foreign exchange earned is used to pay for necessary imports like oil. 
• South Africa is one of the largest and most diverse mineral producers and
  exports a variety of minerals 

Contribution to exports 
• The tertiary sector exports and imports a considerable number of services to
  foreign countries 
• These are usually in the form of freight, insurance, transport, travel, royalties,
  licence fees and services such as communication 

Contribution to economic growth 
• The growth in the tertiary sector is much bigger than that of the primary sector
   and of the secondary sector. 
• The tertiary sector is the engine of growth, that provides impetus to the other
   sectors. 

Source of income for the state 
• Companies must pay tax to the South African Revenue Services (SARS) 
• This money is used to provide basic services to South Africans for example,
   infrastructure (roads, housing, public transport etc) and welfare services. 

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    14                              ECONOMICS P1                             (EC/NOVEMBER 2023)

Creates markets for consumer products 
• For goods to sell, consumers need to know what is available. 
• This sector tells the consumers which goods are available by, for example,
   advertising. 
   (Maximum of 8 marks for headings and examples.)                       (Max.)          (26)

ADDITIONAL PART

•      The primary sector depends on the secondary sector for manufactured goods
       such as machinery and equipment. 
•      The secondary sector depends on the primary sector for the raw materials
       and products that it processed into products that are useful. 
•      Both primary and secondary sectors depend on the tertiary sector for the
       provision of services. 
•      The primary and secondary sectors also depend on the tertiary sector for the
       provision of products to resell, such as traders in fresh produce. 
•      The tertiary sector also depends on the secondary for manufactured
       goods such as office equipment, office furniture and stationery. 
•      In the secondary sector, manufacturers make components that other
       manufacturers use in their final products. 
•      Businesses within a sector also depends on other businesses within the
       same sector. 
      (Accept any other correct relevant response.)                          (Max.) 10)
                                                                                     (10)

CONCLUSION

•      The tertiary sector is rapidly changing with the increased use of technology in
       the service sector.
      (Accept any other correct relevant high order conclusion.)             (Max. 2)     (2)
                                                                                         [40]

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(EC/NOVEMBER 2023)                ECONOMICS P1                                        15

QUESTION 6: ECONOMIC PURSUITS

• Discuss in detail the different methods used to redistribute income and
  wealth.                                                         (26 marks)
• Evaluate South Africa’s economic growth performance.            (10 marks)

INTRODUCTION

Redistribution is a process of re-allocating income; wealth and resources equally
amongst the citizens to reduce social and economic inequalities. 
(Accept any correct relevant introduction.)                             (Max. 2)      (2)

MAIN PART

Taxation 
• The government can begin to ensure redistribution by using taxation. 
• Progressive tax system will be used since it states that the higher income pay
   more tax. 
• The revenue collected from taxes is used to assist the poor citizens in the
   country. 

Social grants (cash benefits) 
• Cash grants are paid by the government to receivers without any service being
   rendered. 
• They help the poor face the basic costs of living in the country. 
• The main cash grants in South Africa are Older Persons Grants; Child Support
   Grants; Disability Grants; etc. 
• South Africa is the biggest welfare state in the world and is spending the
   largest part of its GDP on social grants and social assistance. 

Payments in kind 
• These are essential services that the government ensure they are provided to
   the needy free of charge. 
• They consist of primary health care; basic education; feeding schemes;
   protection and infrastructure. 
• Although these do not contribute to the accumulation of assets for generating
   long-term wealth, they satisfy basic needs. 

Education 
• Improved education system increases education levels in low-income families
  in a country. 
• This improves the peoples’ prospects in the labour market. 
• Education clearly makes workers more competitive in a tough labour
  market. 
• The supply of highly skilled labour needs to increase if unemployment and
  poverty are to be reduced. 

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    16                               ECONOMICS P1                             (EC/NOVEMBER 2023)

Labour practice 
• Elimination of the labour inequalities improve the general working conditions
   for all South Africans. 
• The implementation of a minimum wage and unemployment insurance helps
   to reduce relative poverty for people who earn very low wages. 
• Strategies for helping the youth to obtain their first job include a wage subsidy,
   a search subsidy and reduced regulations for first jobs. 

Macroeconomic policy 
• Benefits of strong macroeconomic performance and economic growth is that
  tax revenue is generated to fund social expenditure. 
• Macroeconomic policies such as GEAR and AsgiSA influence the distribution
  of income and wealth in various ways. 
• Regional development policies reduce geographical inequalities of income and
  wealth. 

Redistribution methods 
• South Africa’s transformation since 1994 has emphasised strategies for
  eliminating inequalities and living conditions for all South Africans. 
• Interventions that would ensure a more rapid redistribution of income, wealth
  and opportunities to the previously disadvantaged. 
• They include Black Economic Empowerment (BEE), affirmative action, land
  redistribution and property subsidies. 
                                                                           (Max. 26)       (26)

ADDITIONAL PART

•     Weak structural growth and COVID-19 pandemic have exacerbated socio-
      economic challenges. 
•     South Africa has recovered its pre-pandemic GDP, but not its employment
      level. 
•     High unemployment levels were evident during this period 
•     At the end of 2022 there were still close to half a million fewer jobs than at the
      end of 2019 with women and youth persistently more impacted. 
•     Private consumption and investments will remain the main drivers of
      growth. 
•     The job growth, the cost of living, elevated interest rates and the declining in
      buying power had a huge impact on economic growth. 
      (Accept any other correct relevant answer.)                             (Max. 10)    (10)

CONCLUSION

The government plays an important role in the redistribution of income so that
previously disadvantaged groups benefit and participate in economic activities to
ensure growth and development in the economy.                          (Max. 2)             (2)
                                                                                           [40]

                                                                 TOTAL SECTION C:           40
                                                                    GRAND TOTAL:           150

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