# Economics Grade 12 P1 EC June 2018 Question Paper (English) > Grade 12 Economics Paper 1 question paper from the EC June 2018 (English), 16 pages. Read online or get the free PDF download, memo linked when available. - Page: https://www.hlayiso.com/library/economics-p1-qp-gr12-june-2018-eng/a6bb7744-18de-483a-9c1e-d3fc46c556e1 - Updated: 2026-09-27 - Subject: Economics - Grade: Grade 12 - Document type: Question paper - Year: 2018 - Exam period: EC June - Paper: 1 - Curriculum: CAPS - Pages: 16 Breadcrumbs: [Home](https://www.hlayiso.com/) › [Library](https://www.hlayiso.com/library) › [Grade 12](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/grade-12) › [Economics](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/grade-12/economics) › [Economics Grade 12 P1 EC June 2018 Question Paper (English)](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/economics-p1-qp-gr12-june-2018-eng/a6bb7744-18de-483a-9c1e-d3fc46c556e1) ## About this document Economics · Grade 12 · EC June · 2018. Question paper, 16 pages. Read online or download the PDF. Read it free online on the page above; download the PDF from there. ## Document text Text extracted from the PDF. Layout, diagrams and tables may not survive extraction. ### Page 1 Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 12 JUNE 2018 ECONOMICS P1 MARKS: 150 TIME: 2 hours *JECONE1* This question paper consists of 13 pages. ### Page 2 Downloaded from hlayiso.com 2 ECONOMICS P1 (EC/JUNE 2018) INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION 1. Answer FOUR questions as follows in the ANSWER BOOK. SECTION A: COMPULSORY SECTION B: Answer TWO of the three questions. SECTION C: Answer ONE of the two questions. 2. Write the question number above each answer. 3. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this question paper. 4. Read the questions carefully and start each question on a NEW page. 5. Leave 2−3 lines between subsections of questions. 6. Answer questions in full sentences and ensure that the format, content and context of your responses comply with the cognitive levels of the questions. 7. Only the required number of questions will be marked in the order in which they appear in the ANSWER BOOK. 8. Use only black or blue ink. 9. You may use a non-programmable pocket calculator. 10. Write neatly and legibly. Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 3 Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/JUNE 2018) ECONOMICS P1 3 SECTION A (COMPULSORY) QUESTION 1 30 MARKS − 20 MINUTES 1.1 Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. Choose the correct answer and write only the letter (A–C) next to the question number (1.1.1–1.1.8) in the ANSWER BOOK, for example 1.1.9 D. 1.1.1 Factors that originate from inside the domestic economic system are referred to as … A exogenous. B production. C indigenous. D endogenous. 1.1.2 In business cycles estimating something known from information that is unknown, is called … A amplitude. B extrapolation. C trend. D moving average. 1.1.3 The money market in the RSA is a market for … savings and loans. A short-term B medium-term C long and short term D medium and short term 1.1.4 One of the main problems in public sector provisioning is ... A providing public goods. B issues of conservation. C marketing with public relations. D a lack of accountability. 1.1.5 The trade balance is the net result of ... A the trade in services. B the trade in goods. C exports and imports. D export prices and import prices. Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 4 Downloaded from hlayiso.com 4 ECONOMICS P1 (EC/JUNE 2018) 1.1.6 This is an argument in favour of free trade: A Economic development B Economic growth C Economies of scale D Infant industries 1.1.7 Putting laws in place to regulate activities: A Regional government B Regulation C Central government D Deregulation 1.1.8 The currency fluctuates in value according to demand and supply: A Free floating B Appreciation C Fixed D Revaluation (8 x 2) (16) 1.2 Choose the correct description from COLUMN B that matches the item in COLUMN A. Write only the letter (A−I) next to the question number (1.2.1−1.2.8) in the ANSWER BOOK. COLUMN A COLUMN B 1.2.1 Market prices A public goods 1.2.2 Jugler cycles B money received without any productive service rendered 1.2.3 Community goods C deepening of the recession 1.2.4 Transfer payment D prices actually paid by consumers and producers for goods and services plus taxes minus subsidies 1.2.5 Depression E caused by changes in net investments by government and businesses 1.2.6 Customs union F anyone can use these whether they are prepared to pay for them or not 1.2.7 Non-rivalry G human resources used to maximum capacity 1.2.8 Real figures H member countries agree to the removal of all tariffs I national product at constant prices (8 x 1) (8) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 5 Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/JUNE 2018) ECONOMICS P1 5 1.3 Give ONE term for each of the following descriptions. Write only the term next to the question number (1.3.1–1.3.6) in the ANSWER BOOK. Acronyms and abbreviations will NOT be accepted. 1.3.1 The flow of goods and services between the participants in the circular flow 1.3.2 A diagram that shows expansion and contraction periods of economic activities 1.3.3 The curve that shows the relationship between tax rate and tax revenue 1.3.4 Taxes that are not shifted to the end user 1.3.5 A financing instrument distributed among member countries of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) 1.3.6 Withdrawal of capital investment from a company or country (6 x 1) (6) TOTAL SECTION A: 30 Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 6 Downloaded from hlayiso.com 6 ECONOMICS P1 (EC/JUNE 2018) SECTION B Answer TWO of the three questions in this section in the ANSWER BOOK. QUESTION 2 40 MARKS – 30 MINUTES 2.1 Answer the following questions. 2.1.1 Name TWO characteristics of fiscal policy. (2 x 1) (2) 2.1.2 How can the appreciation of the rand affect exports of goods and services? (1 x 2) (2) 2.2 Study the extract below and answer the questions that follow. THE MULTIPLIER EFFECT The government has taken a decision to expand the national road network by R200 million a year. The tendency of households is to save 30 per cent of their income. [Source: http//en.m. Wikipedia, org] 2.2.1 Identify the concept in the above extract. (1) 2.2.2 What percentage of their income do households spend? (1) 2.2.3 Briefly describe the term multiplier. (2) 2.2.4 What impact will a tax increase have on the multiplier? (2) 2.2.5 Calculate the size of the multiplier. Show ALL calculations. (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 7 Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/JUNE 2018) ECONOMICS P1 7 2.3 Study the graph below and answer the questions that follow. 2.3.1 Identify the original equilibrium point on the above graph. (1) 2.3.2 What happens to the value of the Rand when the demand curve shifts from DD to D1D1? (1) 2.3.3 Briefly explain the floating exchange rate systems. (2) 2.3.4 What effect does globalisation have on international trade? (2) 2.3.5 How will demand influence foreign exchange? (4) 2.4 Briefly discuss any TWO arguments in favour of privatisation. (4 x 2) (8) 2.5 What effect does the term of trade have on the balance on the current account? (4 x 2) (8) [40] Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 8 Downloaded from hlayiso.com 8 ECONOMICS P1 (EC/JUNE 2018) QUESTION 3 40 MARKS – 30 MINUTES 3.1 Answer the following questions. 3.1.1 Name TWO demand reasons for international trade. (2 x 1) (2) 3.1.2 How important are national account aggregates for the country? (1 x 2) (2) 3.2 Study the graph below and answer the questions that follow. 3.2.1 What does the above curve represent? (1) 3.2.2 Name the point that represents the natural rate of unemployment. (1) 3.2.3 Explain the relationship between inflation and unemployment. (2) 3.2.4 What measures could be used by the government to reduce unemployment? (2) 3.2.5 What impact will an increase in commercial banks’ reserve requirements have on the aggregate money supply? (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 9 Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/JUNE 2018) ECONOMICS P1 9 3.3 Study the following cartoon and answer the questions that follow. This occurs when there are no barriers to trade, such as taxes on imported goods or bans on imports. It is beneficial because it allows economies of scale to be maximised and thus unit costs are reduced and consumers are given the choice of what to buy from the whole world and not just what is produced domestically. [Source: linkedin.com] 3.3.1 Identify the trade policy referred to in the cartoon above. (1) 3.3.2 Name ONE reason why the policy is beneficial. (1) 3.3.3 Briefly explain the term trade liberalisation. (2) 3.3.4 Explain the dangers of dumping to a country. (2) 3.3.5 Why should infant industries be protected? (2 x 2) (4) 3.4 Illustrate in the form of a table how Gross Domestic Product at market prices is calculated using the income method. NO FIGURES NECESSARY. (8) 3.5 How can the South African government avoid public sector failure? (4 x 2) (8) [40] Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 10 Downloaded from hlayiso.com 10 ECONOMICS P1 (EC/JUNE 2018) QUESTION 4 40 MARKS – 30 MINUTES 4.1 Answer the following questions. 4.1.1 Name any TWO examples of injections. (2 x 1) (2) 4.1.2 How are ad valorem duties used to limit imports? (1 x 2) (2) 4.2 Read the following article and answer the questions that follow. ECONOMIC INDICATORS USED IN FORECASTING Decreases in newspaper job advertisements, a deterioration in the composite leading business cycle indicators of South Africa’s major trading partners, fewer hours worked in the manufacturing sector and softer commodity prices in the month all contributed to a fall. [Source: Fin24, 22 March 2016] 4.2.1 Identify an example of a leading economic indicator from the above extract. (1) 4.2.2 Name the factor that contributed to a fall in the manufacturing sector. (1) 4.2.3 Briefly explain the term composite indicator. (2) 4.2.4 Explain how leading economic indicators are used in forecasting. (2) 4.2.5 How can the government use fiscal policy to stimulate the economy? (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 11 Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/JUNE 2018) ECONOMICS P1 11 4.3 Study the extract below and answer the questions that follow. [Source: linkedin.com] 4.3.1 What is represented in the above cartoon? (1) 4.3.2 Identify the people most affected as a result of increased government spending. (1) 4.3.3 Name any reason why the government imposes taxes. (2) 4.3.4 Briefly explain how people benefit from taxes. (2) 4.3.5 How do community goods differ from collective goods? (2 x 2) (4) 4.4 Explain direct and portfolio investments in the financial account. (2 x 4) (8) 4.5 Why are state owned enterprises (SOEs) seen as a problem in public sector provisioning? (4 x 2) (8) [40] TOTAL SECTION B: 80 Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 12 Downloaded from hlayiso.com 12 ECONOMICS P1 (EC/JUNE 2018) SECTION C Answer ONE of the two questions in this section in the ANSWER BOOK. Your answer will be assessed as follows: STRUCTURE OF ESSAY MARK ALLOCATION Introduction The introduction is a lower-order response. Max. 2 x A good starting point would be to define the main concept related to the question topic. x Do not include any part of the question in your introduction. x Do not repeat any part of the introduction in the body. x Avoid saying in the introduction what you are going to discuss in the body. Body Main part: Discuss in detail/In-depth discussion/Examine/Critically discuss/Analyse/Compare/Evaluate/Distinguish/Differentiate/ Max. 26 Explain Additional part: Give own opinion/Critically discuss/Evaluate/ Critically evaluate/Draw a graph and explain/Use the graph given and explain/Complete the given graph/Calculate/Deduce/ Compare/Explain/ Distinguish/ Interpret/Briefly debate/ Max. 10 How/Suggest Conclusion Any higher-order conclusion should include: Max. 2 x A brief summary of what has been discussed without repeating facts already mentioned x Any opinion or value judgement of the facts discussed x Additional support information to strengthen the discussion/analysis x A contradictory viewpoint with motivation, if required x Recommendations TOTAL: 40 Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 13 Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/JUNE 2018) ECONOMICS P1 13 QUESTION 5: MACROECONOMICS 40 MARKS – 40 MINUTES The new economic paradigm is embedded in the demand-and-supply side policies to influence the economy. x Discuss in detail the use of monetary policy and fiscal policy to influence the supply in the smoothing of business cycles. (26 marks) x Explain the effect of demand-side and supply-side policies using a graph (aggregate demand and aggregate supply). (10 marks) [40] QUESTION 6: MACROECONOMICS 40 MARKS – 40 MINUTES South Africa’s international trade policy consists of export promotion and import substitution. x Discuss export promotion as part of South Africa’s international trade policy under the following headings: ¾ Methods (8) ¾ Reasons (8) ¾ Disadvantages (10) (26 marks) x How can countries use lending and borrowing to correct the deficit and surpluses on the balance of payments? 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