# Physical Sciences Grade 12 Free StateNovember 2016 Memo

> Grade 12 Physical Sciences memorandum from the Free StateNovember 2016, 13 pages. Read online or download the free PDF.

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- Updated: 2026-09-27
- Subject: Physical Sciences
- Grade: Grade 12
- Document type: Memorandum
- Year: 2016
- Exam period: Free StateNovember
- Curriculum: CAPS
- Pages: 13

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Physical Sciences · Grade 12 · Free StateNovember · 2016. Memorandum, 13 pages. Read online or download the PDF.

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### Page 1

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                PREPARATORY EXAMINATION
                VOORBEREIDENDE EKSAMEN

                            GRADE/GRAAD 12

   PHYSICAL SCIENCES: CHEMISTRY (P2)
   FISIESE WETENSKAPPE: CHEMIE (V2)

                             SEPTEMBER 2016

                           MARKS/PUNTE: 150

                               MEMORANDUM

                      This memorandum consists of 13 pages.
                    Hierdie memorandum bestaan uit 13 bladsye.

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Physical Sciences P2/Fisiese Wetenskappe P2 2                      FS/VS/September 2016
Grade/Graad 12 Prep.Exam./Voorb.Eksam Memorandum

QUESTION 1/VRAAG 1

1.1     B                                                                           (2)

1.2     B                                                                           (2)

1.3     D                                                                           (2)

1.4     B                                                                           (2)

1.5     D                                                                           (2)

1.6     B                                                                           (2)

1.7     B                                                                           (2)

1.8     D                                                                           (2)

1.9     C                                                                           (2)

1.10    C                                                                            (2)
                                                                                      [20]

QUESTION 2/VRAAG 2

2.1.1 E                                                                              (1)

2.1.2 C                                                                              (1)

2.1.3 A                                                                              (1)

2.1.4 B                                                                              (1)

2.2.1                                                                                 (2)
                      

2.2.2 Ethanoic acid/etanoësuur         and/en   ethanol/etanol                      (2)

2.3.1 Butan-2-one/Butanone/Butan-2-oon/Butanoon                                   (2)

2.3.2 1,2-dibromo butane/Butaan                                                     (2)

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Physical Sciences P2/Fisiese Wetenskappe P2 3                         FS/VS/September 2016
Grade/Graad 12 Prep.Exam./Voorb.Eksam Memorandum

                                O
                                II
2.4   CH 3 CH 2 COCH 3 /C 2 H 5 CCH 3                                                  (2)
2.5.1              
                H
            H   C   H

            H       H   H

        H   C   C   C   C    H
            H   H   H   H                                                                (2)

Marking criteria/Nasienriglyne:
• Whole structure correct/Hele struktuur korrek:                                         2
                                                                                         /2
• Only functional group correct/single bonds between carbon atoms:                       ½
    Slegs funksionele groep korrek/enkel bindings tussen koolstofatome
                                       OR/OF

                H       H        H      H    H

        H       C       C        C      C    C       H

                H       H        H      H    H

Notes/Aantekeninge:
•     If correct but hydrogens omitted/Indien korrek maar
                                      waterstowwwe weggelaat Max./Maks ½
•     Condensed formulae or semi structural formula/
      Gekondenseerde of semistrukturele formule              Max./Maks. ½
                                                                              0
•       Molecular formula/Molekulêre formule                                   /2

2.5.2

Marking criteria/Nasienriglyne:
• Whole structure correct/Hele struktuur korrek:                                    2
                                                                                    /2
• Only functional group correct/Slegs funksionele groep korrek:                     ½

                        

                                                                                          (2)
                                                                                         [18]

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Physical Sciences P2/Fisiese Wetenskappe P2 4                      FS/VS/September 2016
Grade/Graad 12 Prep.Exam./Voorb.Eksam Memorandum

QUESTION 3/VRAAG 3

3.1.1 Chain length/Molecular mass/Number of carbon atoms 
      Kettinglengte/Molekulêre massa/Aantal koolstofatome                             (1)

3.1.2 Boiling point/Kookpunt                                                         (1)

3.1.3
           Criteria for investigative question/Riglyne vir ondersoekende
           vraag:
           The dependent and independent variables are stated.
                                                                                      
           Die afhanklike en onafhanklike veranderlikes is genoem.
           Gives the relationship between the independent and dependent
           variables./Vra 'n vraag oor die verwantskap tussen die onafhanklike        
           en afhanklike veranderlikes.

        Examples/Voorbeelde:
        • What is the relationship between chain length/molecular mass/number of
          carbon atoms and the boiling points of the organic compounds?
          Wat is die verwantskap tussen kettinglengte/molekulêre massa/aantal
          koolstofatome en die kookpunt van die organiese verbindings?         (2)

3.2     Decreases/Neem af 
        • Structure/Strukture:
           The branching increases/surface area decreases. 
           Die vertakking neem toe/oppervlakte neem af
        • Intermolecular forces/Intermolekulêre kragte:
           Decrease in strength of intermolecular forces/or less intermolecular
           forces/Van der Waals forces/dispersion forces/London forces. 
           Afname in sterkte van intermolekulêre kragte/of minder intermolekulêre
           kragte/Van der Waalskragte/dispersiekragte/Londonkragte
        • Energy/Energie:
           Less energy needed to overcome or break intermolecular forces/Van der.
           Waals forces/dispersion forces /London forces. 
           Minder kragte nodig om intermolekulêre kragte te oorkom/Van der
           Waalskragte/dispersiekragte/Londonkragte                               (4)

3.3.1 Alkanes/Alkane                                                                 (1)

3.3.2 2,2-dimethyl propane/2,2-dimetielpropaan                                      (2)

Marking criteria/Nasienriglyne:
•  Correct stem i.e. propane./Korrekte stam d.i. pentaan. 
•  All substituents correctly identified and correctly numbered/Alle substituente
   korrek geïdentifiseer en korrek genommer 
                                                                                      [11]

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Physical Sciences P2/Fisiese Wetenskappe P2 5                                 FS/VS/September 2016
Grade/Graad 12 Prep.Exam./Voorb.Eksam Memorandum

QUESTION 4/VRAAG 4

4.1.1 Substitution/halogenation/Substitusie/halogenering                                       (1)

4.1.2 Elimination/dehydrohalogenation/Eliminasie/dehidrohalogenering                           (1)

4.1.3 Addition/Hydrogenation/Addisie/Hidrogenering/Hidrogenasie                                (1)

4.2
4.2.1 2-chloropropane/2-chloropropaan/2-chloorpropaan                                      (2)

4.2.2                                                                        
             H     Cl       H
                                              H               H
        H    C     C        C   H                 C       C   C     H     +      HCl

                                              H           H   H
             H     H        H                                                                   (4)

            Notes/Aantekeninge:
            • Ignore/Ignoreer ⇌
            • Accept HCℓ if condensed/Aanvaar HCℓ indien gekondenseer
            • Any additional reactants and/or products/Enige addisionele
                 reaktanse en/of ander produkte                         Max./Maks. 3
                                                                                        4
            •    Accept coefficients that are multiples/Aanvaar koëffisiënte wat
                 veelvoude is
            •    Molecular/condensed formulae/Molekulêre/gekondenseerde
                 formules                                                Max./Maks. 3
                                                                                        4

4.3.1 A compound in which a hydroxyl group is attached to a carbon atom which
      has two other carbon atoms attached to it. 
      'n Verbinding waarin 'n hidroksielgroep aan 'n koolstofatoom verbind is,
      waaraan twee ander koolstofatome verbind is.                             (2)

4.3.2 Propan-2-ol/Propaan-2-ol OR/OF 2-propanol/2-propanol                                   (2)
                                                                                                [13]

QUESTION 5/VRAAG 5

5.1     A reaction which does not need (activation) energy to start. 
        'n Reaksie wat nie (aktiverings-) energie benodig om te begin nie.                      (2)

5.2     Hydrochloric acid/HCℓ/Soutsuur/ HCℓ                                                    (1)

5.3.1 Decreases/Neem af                                                                        (1)

5.3.2 Increases/Neem toe                                                                       (1)

5.3.3 Increases/Neem toe                                                                       (1)

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Physical Sciences P2/Fisiese Wetenskappe P2 6                          FS/VS/September 2016
Grade/Graad 12 Prep.Exam./Voorb.Eksam Memorandum

5.3.4
        •       At higher temperature more molecules have enough /sufficient kinetic
                energy/more molecules have kinetic energy greater than activation energy.
                Teen 'n hoër temperatuur het meer molekule genoeg kinetiese energie/
                meer molekule het kenetiese energie goter as die aktiveringsenergie
        •       More effective collisions per unit time/second. 
                Meer effektiewe botsings per eenheid tyd/sekonde                     (3)
                                                                                     [9]

QUESTION 6/ VRAAG 6

6.1     Haber (process)/Haberproses                                                      (1)

6.2     Iron/ Fe/Yster/ Fe                                                               (1)

6.3
        •       The forward and reverse reactions take place simultaneously at the same
                rate.
                Die voorwaartse en terugwaartse reaksies vind gelyktydig teen dieselfde
                tempo plaas.
        •       The amount of energy given off by exothermic reaction is taken up by
                the endothermic reaction. 
                Die hoeveelheid energie wat deur die eksotermiese reaksie vrygestel word,
                word deur die endotermiese reaksie opgeneem.                          (2)

6.4
            CALCULATIONS USING NUMBER OF MOLES/
            BEREKENINGE WAT GETAL MOL GEBRUIK
            Mark allocation/Puntetoekenning:

            •    Correct Kc expression (formulae in square brackets) 
                 Korrekte Kc –uitdrukking (formules in vierkanthakies)
            •    Substitution of concentrations into KC expression 
                 Vervanging van konsentrasies in Kc-waardes
            •    Substitution of Kc 0,1/Vervanging van Kc 0,1
            •    Equilibrium/Ewewig: n(N2)  n(NH3) 
            •    Equilibrium/Ewewig: n(NH3) = n : Change/Verandering 
            •    USING ratio: N2 : 3H2 : 2NH3 = 1 : 3 : 2 
                 GEBRUIK verhouding: N2 : 3H2 : 2NH3 = 1 : 3 : 2
            •    Initial mole of N2 = Equilibrium + Change 
                 Aanvangsmol van N2 = Ewewig + Verandering
                                                               m
            •    Substitution of n & M into formula n (N 2 ) =   
                                                               M
                                                               m
                 Vervanging van n & M in formule n (N 2 ) =
                                                               M

            •    Final answer: 0,58g/Finale antwoord

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Physical Sciences P2/Fisiese Wetenskappe P2 7                         FS/VS/September 2016
Grade/Graad 12 Prep.Exam./Voorb.Eksam Memorandum

K =
    [NH 3 ]
           2
                        
  C
      [ N 2 ][ H 2 ]3

 0,1 =
              (2,7 x10 ) 
                        -3 2

         (N 2 )(1,221 x 10 -1 ) 3
[N 2 ] = 4 x10 -2 mol.dm -3

                                               N2              H2                NH 3
Initial quantity (mol)
                                                                                   0
Aanvangshoeveelheid (mol)                 2,07 x 10-2    2,936 x 10-3

Change (mol)                              6,75 x 10-4                                        ratio 
Verandering (mol)                                         2,025 x 10-3      1,35 x 10-3 

Quantity at equilibrium (mol)
n = cv                                   0,02           6,105 x 10-2       1,35 x 10-3 
Hoeveelheid by ewewig (mol)
Equilibrium concentration (mol∙dm-3)
                                                                              2,7 x 10-3
Ewewigskonsentrasie (mol∙dm-3)              4 x 10  -2
                                                          1,221 x 10  -1

Mass/massa (N 2 )
m = nM                   
  = (2,07 x 10-2) x (28)
  = 5,79 x 10-1g/ 0,58g 

                  OR/OF

2,07 x 10-2
m = 5,79 x 10-1g/0,58g                                                                   (10)

6.5     A decrease in temperature will increase the yield , but the reaction will be
        slow  and the profit margins will be low. 
        'n Afname in temperatuur sal tot 'n toename in opbrengs lei, maar die reaksie
        sal stadig wees en die winsgrens laag.
                                         OR/OF
        Increase in temperature favours the reverse reaction , but reaction takes
        place much quicker  and the process is less expensive .
        'n Toename in temperatuur is voordelig vir die terugwaartse reaksie, maar
        reaksies sal baie vinniger wees en die proses goedkoper.                       (3)
                                                                                      [17]

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Physical Sciences P2/Fisiese Wetenskappe P2 8                     FS/VS/September 2016
Grade/Graad 12 Prep.Exam./Voorb.Eksam Memorandum

QUESTION 7/VRAAG 7

7.1.1 An acid that dissociates/ionises completely in water 
      'n Suur wat heeltemal in water ioniseer/dissosieer                             (2)

7.1.2 HCℓ(aq) + H 2 O(ℓ)  → H 3 O+(aq) + Cℓ-(aq)     balancing/balansering
                                       OR/OF
      HCℓ + H 2 O  → H 3 O + Cℓ 
                            +     -
                                                       balancing/balansering        (3)

7.1.3 Acid pH below (<)7 /Suur pH onder (<)7                                       (2)

7.1.4       pH = -log[H 3 O+] OR/OF pH = -log[H+]
             4 = -log[H 3 0+]
        [H 3 0+] = 1 x 10-4 mol.dm-3                                                (3)

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Physical Sciences P2/Fisiese Wetenskappe P2 9                     FS/VS/September 2016
Grade/Graad 12 Prep.Exam./Voorb.Eksam Memorandum

7.1.5
  POSITIVE MARKING FROM QUESTION 7.1.4/POSITIEWE NASIEN VANAF
  VRAAG 7.1.4
  Marking criteria/Nasienriglyne:
   • Final/Finale n(HCℓ): Multiplying/ Vermenigvuldig1 x 10-4mol.dm-3 by/
      met 0,17 dm3 
   • Initial/Aanvanklike n(HCℓ):Multiplying/Vermenigvuldig 0,03 mol.dm-3
      by/met 0,15 dm3 
   • n(HCℓ reacted/reageer) = initial/ Aanvanklike – final/ finale .
   • Use mol ratio of acid:base/Molverhouding suur:basis= 1 : 1. 
                                           n
   • Substitute/Vervang: n(NaOH) in c =       
                                           V
   • Final answer /Finale antwoord: 0,22 mol.dm-3 

n(HCℓ in excess/ in oormaat):

           n
       c=
           V
 n(HCℓ) = (1 x 104)(0,17) 

         = 1,7 x 10-5 mol

n(HCℓ initial/ aanvanklik):

           n
       c=
           V
 n(HCℓ) = (0,03)(0,15) 
        = 4,5 x 10-3 mol

n(HCℓ reacted/reageer) = 4,5 x 10-3 - 1,7 x 10-5 
               = 4,48 x 10-3 mol

  Ratio/Verhouding n(HCℓ) = n(NaOH) = 4,48 x 10-3 

c(NaOH) initial/ aanvanklik :

       c = 4,483 x 10-3/ 2 x 10-2 
         = 0,22 mol.dm-3                                                             (6)
                                                                                     [22]

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Physical Sciences P2/Fisiese Wetenskappe P2 10                      FS/VS/September 2016
Grade/Graad 12 Prep.Exam./Voorb.Eksam Memorandum

7.2

Marking criteria/Nasienriglyne:

•   Divide volume by/Deel volume deur: 22,4 
•   Use ratio/Gebruik verhouding: n(CO 2 ) = n(CaCO 3 ) = 1:1 
                                    m
• Substitute/Vervang 100 in n =       .
                                    M
• Mass/Massa (4g – 4,46g) 
• Divide by/Deel deur 5 x 100 
• Final answer/Finale antwoord: 80% to 90% 

              V
n (CO 2 ) =
              Vm
           1,06
         =       
           22,4
         = 0,04 mol (0,0446 mol)

n(CaCO 3 ) = n(CO 2 ) = 0,04 mol  (0, 0446 mol)
             m
n(CaCO3 ) =
            M
             m
     0,04 =
            100 
     ∴ m = 4 g (4,46 g) 

% CaCO 3
               = 80 %                                                                  (6)

(Accept range/Anvaar variasie: 80% – 90%)
                                                                                       [22]

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Physical Sciences P2/Fisiese Wetenskappe P2 11                                  FS/VS/September 2016
Grade/Graad 12 Prep.Exam./Voorb.Eksam Memorandum

QUESTION 8/VRAAG 8

8.1       To complete the circuit/to maintain electrical neutrality 
          Om die stroombaan te voltooi/om elektriese neutraliteit te handhaaf                    (1)

8.2       Ni                                                                                    (1)

8.3                                                                                              (5)

E cθ e= lEl rθ e d u Ec oθ t ix o i dn 
                        −
                                                Notes/Aantekeninge:
                                                Accept any other correct formula from the data
1,07  = E°x – (-0,27)                         sheet.
 E°x = 0,8 (V)                                 Aanvaar enige ander korrekte formule vanaf
                                                gegewensblad.
X is silver/ Ag. 
                                                Any other formula using unconventional
Option 2/ Opsie 2                                                    θ         θ    θ
                                                abbreviations, e.g. Ec e =l l EO A ER Afollowed by
                                                                                    −

   Ni→ Ni2+ + 2e- E° = 0,27(V)                 correct substitutions: 5
                                                                         4
   X+ + e- → X     E° = 0,8 (V) 
                                                Enige ander formule wat onkonvensionele afkortings
                  E° = 1,07 V                               θ        θ     θ
                    θ                           gebruik bv. E s e l= E O M E R M gevolg deur korrekte
Thus/Dus: E reduction = 0,8 (V) 
                                                                            −

                                                                4
X is silver/ Ag.                               vervangings:        5

8.4       Ni + 2Ag+  → Ni+ + 2Ag              balancing/balansering
                                              OR/OF
          Ni + 2X+           → Ni+ + 2X+      balancing/balansering                           (3)

8.5.1 Nickel ions/ Ni2+/Nikkelione/ Ni2+                                                        (1)

8.5.2 Zn → Zn2+ + 2e-                                                                          (2)

    Marking guidelines/Nasienriglyne:
                              1                                                         0
      • Zn ⇌ Zn2+ + 2e-         2                        Zn2+ + 2e- ⇌ Zn                    2
                            2                                                           0
          Zn + 2e ← Zn
            2+     -
                              2                         Zn 2+
                                                                + 2e → Zn
                                                                        -
                                                                                            2

8.5.3 Zn(s) | Zn2+(aq) (1 mol.dm-3) || Ni2+(aq) (1 mol.dm-3) | Ni(s) 
                                       OR/OF
                 2+            2+
      Zn(s) | Zn (aq)  || Ni (aq) | Ni(s) 
                                       OR/OF
              2+         2+
      Zn | Zn  || Ni | Ni                                                                     (3)
                                                                                                [16]

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Physical Sciences P2/Fisiese Wetenskappe P2 12                     FS/VS/September 2016
Grade/Graad 12 Prep.Exam./Voorb.Eksam Memorandum

QUESTION 9/VRAAG 9

9.1    Electrical (energy) to chemical (energy) 
       Elektriese (energie) na chemiese (energie)                                     (1)

9.2    Bauxite                                                                       (1)

9.3    Decreases melting point of aluminium oxide
       Laat smeltpunt van aluminiumoksied afneem                                      (1)

9.4    C(s) + O 2 (g) → CO 2 (g)         balancing/balansering                      (2)

9.5    Aℓ3+ + 3e- → Aℓ                                                               (1)

9.6    ANY TWO

       •     The cell produces red mud waste, which can result in the alkali seeping
             through the soil and contaminating water supplies. 
       •     Consumes large quantities of energy, which leads to load-shedding/
             increased emission of green house gases. 
       •     Carbon dioxide from the burning of the anodes contributes to the
             (enhanced) greenhouse effect (air pollution/global warming). 
       •     Carbon dioxide is poisonous. 
       •     Fluorine (and fluorine compounds) lost from the cryolite during the
             electrolysis process is poisonous. 
       •     Loss of landscape due to the size of the chemical plant needed. 
       •     Pollution caused by power generation (for electrolytic process) using
             coal-fired plants leads to acid rain/enhanced (greenhouse effect). 
       •     Noise pollution

       ENIGE TWEE
       •   Die sel produseer rooi modderafval wat kan lei tot alkali wat deur die
           grond sypel en die watertoevoer besoedel.
       •   Groot hoeveelhede energie word gebruik, wat tot beurtkrag aanleiding
           kan gee/die vrystelling van kweekhuisgasse laat toeneem.
       •   Koolstofdioksied vrygestel deur die brand van anodes dra by tot die
           kweekhuiseffek (lugbesoedeling/aardverwarming).
       •   Koolstofdioksied is giftig.
       •   Fluoor (en fluoor verbindings) vrygestel deur die krioliet tydens die
           elektroliseproses is giftig.
       •   Landskap word vernietig deur groot chemiese aanleg wat benodig word.
       •   Besoedeling veroorsaak deur kragopwekking (vir elektrolitiese proses)
           deur die gebruik van steenkoolaanlegte lei tot suurreën/kweekhuiseffek
           neem toe.
       •   Geraasbesoedeling                                                      (2)

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Physical Sciences P2/Fisiese Wetenskappe P2 13                         FS/VS/September 2016
Grade/Graad 12 Prep.Exam./Voorb.Eksam Memorandum

9.7    The extraction cell uses too much electrical energy, recycling saves
       energy. 
       Die ontrekkingselle gebruik te veel elektriese energie, herwinning spaar
       energie
       Clean environment from littering.
       Voorkom omgewingsbesoedeling.                                                    (2)
                                                                                        [10]

QUESTION 10/VRAAG 10

10.1.1 Sulphur dioxide/ SO 2 /Swaweldioksied/ SO 2                                     (1)

10.1.2 Catalytic oxidation of SO 2 /Katalitiese oksidasie van SO 2                     (1)

10.1.3 Vanadium pentoxide (V 2 O 5 )/Vanadium pentoksied (V 2 O 5 )                    (1)

10.1.4 H 2 S 2 O 7                                                                    (2)

10.1.5 NH 3  + H 2 SO 4  → (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4            balancing/balansering
       (4)

10.2   ANY ONE /ENIGE EEN
       •    Fertilisers in water leads to eutrophication which can result in
            less drinking water/starvation due to dying of fish/less water recreation
            areas.
            Kunsmis in water lei tot eutrofikasie wat beteken dat minder drinkwater
            beskikbaar sal wees/hongersnood a.g.v. vrektes van die
            vispopulasie/minder waterbronne vir ontspanning.

       •      Fertilisers in water leads to excess of nitrates in water
              resulting in blue baby syndrome/cancer. /
              Kunsmis in water lei tot oormaat nitraat in water wat aanleiding gee
              tot bloubabasindroom/kanker.                                         (2)

10.3.1 Nitrogen/Stikstof                                                               (1)

10.3.2 Potassium/Kalium                                                                (1)

10.4   Phosphorus/Fosfor                                                                (1)
                                                                                        [14]

                                                GRAND TOTAL/GROOTTOTAAL: 150

Copyright reserved/Kopiereg voorbehou                     Please turn over/Blaai om asseblief

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