# Life Sciences Grade 12 Paper 2 Free State Mock 2022 Memo > Grade 12 Life Sciences Paper 2 memorandum from the Free State Mock Exam 2022, 27 pages. Read online or download the free PDF. - Page: https://www.hlayiso.com/library/fs-life-sciences-sept-2022-p2-and-memo/2569118a-a625-4fb4-b152-f81644e92d9c - Updated: 2026-09-27 - Subject: Life Sciences - Grade: Grade 12 - Document type: Memorandum - Year: 2022 - Exam period: Free State Mock Exam - Paper: 2 - Curriculum: CAPS - Pages: 27 Breadcrumbs: [Home](https://www.hlayiso.com/) › [Library](https://www.hlayiso.com/library) › [Grade 12](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/grade-12) › [Life Sciences](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/grade-12/life-sciences) › [Life Sciences Grade 12 Paper 2 Free State Mock 2022 Memo](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/fs-life-sciences-sept-2022-p2-and-memo/2569118a-a625-4fb4-b152-f81644e92d9c) ## About this document Life Sciences · Grade 12 · Free State Mock Exam · 2022. Memorandum, 27 pages. Read online or download the PDF. Read it free online on the page above; download the PDF from there. ## Document text Text extracted from the PDF. Layout, diagrams and tables may not survive extraction. ### Page 1 Downloaded from hlayiso.com Downloaded f rom St anmorephysics. com PREPARATORY EXAMINATION GRADE 12 LIFE SCIENCES P2 SEPTEMBER 2022 MARKS: 150 TIME: 2½ HOURS This question paper consists of 16 pages. Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 2 Downloaded from hlayiso.com Downloaded f rom St anmorephysics. Life Sciences P2 2 com FS/September 2022 Grade 12 Prep. Exam. INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION Read the following instructions carefully before answering the questions. 1. Answer ALL the questions. 2. Write ALL the answers in the ANSWER BOOK. 3. Start the answer to EACH question at the top of a NEW page. 4. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this question paper. 5. s.co Present your answers according to the instructions of each question. 6. Do ALL drawings in pencil and label them in blue or black ink. m si c 7. Draw diagrams, tables or flow charts only when asked to do so. st 8. an The diagrams in this question paper are NOT necessarily drawn to scale. 9. Do NOT use graph paper. mor 10. ep You must use a non-programmable calculator, protractor and a compass, where necessary. hy 11. Write neatly and legibly. om fr oa de d do wn l Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 3 Downloaded from hlayiso.com Downloaded f rom St anmorephysics. Life Sciences P2 3 com FS/September 2022 Grade 12 Prep. Exam. SECTION A QUESTION 1 1.1 Various options are given as possible answers to the following questions. Choose the answer and write only the letter (A to D) next to the question numbers (1.1.1 to 1.1.10) in the ANSWER BOOK, for example, 1.1.11 D. 1.1.1 Which ONE of the following represents a single RNA nucleotide? A B Deoxyribose-adenine-thymine Adenine-ribose-phosphate s.co C Deoxyribose-thymine-phosphate D Uracil-deoxyribose-phosphate m si c 1.1.2 What percentage of adenine bases is present in a DNA molecule st with 2000 bases if 400 bases are cytosine? A 20 an B 40 mor C 30 D 60 ep 1.1.3 hy Which organelle is responsible for producing spindle fibres? A Nucleus om B Centromere C fr Centriole D Chromosome oa 1.1.4 de Which ONE of the following represents the correct order for d the possible evolution of modern humans? do A Ardipithecus → Australopithecus → Homo wn B Australopithecus → Ardipithecus → Homo l C Homo → Australopithecus → Ardipithecus D Ardipithecus → Homo → Australopithecus 1.1.5 Which ONE of the following represents a trend in human evolution? A More developed brow ridges B Increased size of canines C More developed cranial ridges D More forward position of the foramen magnum Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 4 Downloaded from hlayiso.com Downloaded f rom St anmorephysics. Life Sciences P2 4 com FS/September 2022 Grade 12 Prep. Exam. 1.1.6 Which ONE of the following distinguishes prophase I of meiosis from prophase of mitosis? A Homologous chromosomes pair up B Spindle forms C Nuclear membrane breaks down D Chromosomes become visible 1.1.7 When a cell divides by meiosis, it results in … A four haploid gametes. B two diploid gametes. C four haploid somatic cells. D two haploid somatic cells. 1.1.8 Comparison of the amino acid sequences in a protein have been made between humans and several other organisms. The number of differences is shown in the table below. ORGANISM SHARK KANGAROO FISH COW LIZARD Number of differences in amino acids 79 27 68 17 62 sequences in a protein compared to humans The type of evidence for evolution in the table above is … A fossil evidence. B modification by descent. C cultural evidence. D genetic evidence. 1.1.9 Down syndrome occurs when … A a male sex cell undergoes mitosis. B every cell of an organism has an extra pair of chromosomes. C all somatic cells of an organism have an extra chromosome. D a female sex cell undergoes mitosis. Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 5 Downloaded from hlayiso.com Downloaded f rom St anmorephysics. Life Sciences P2 5 com FS/September 2022 Grade 12 Prep. Exam. 1.1.10 The graph below shows the pace at which evolution occurs in a species of butterfly. Which type of evolution is represented by the graph? A Speciation B Inheritance of acquired characteristics C Punctuated equilibrium D Artificial selection (10 x 2) (20) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 6 Downloaded from hlayiso.com Downloaded f rom St anmorephysics. Life Sciences P2 6 com FS/September 2022 Grade 12 Prep. Exam. 1.2 Give the correct biological term for each of the following descriptions. Write only the term next to the question numbers (1.2.1 to 1.2.10) in the ANSWER BOOK. 1.2.1 A section of DNA that carries the code for a particular trait 1.2.2 The production of gametes during meiosis 1.2.3 A diagram showing possible evolutionary relationships 1.2.4 The allele that is expressed in the phenotype in the heterozygous condition 1.2.5 The study of animal and plant distribution as a form of evidence for evolution 1.2.6 A group of organisms that share the same gene pool and that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring 1.2.7 A characteristic of primates that enables them to have precision in grip 1.2.8 A set of well-tested ideas that explains a phenomenon in science and is supported by sufficient experimental evidence 1.2.9 The mistake that occurs when two homologous chromosomes do not separate from each other during meiosis 1.2.10 The type of dominance where a long-tailed dog and a short- tailed dog produces a puppy with a medium length tail (10) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 7 Downloaded from hlayiso.com Downloaded f rom St anmorephysics. Life Sciences P2 7 com FS/September 2022 Grade 12 Prep. Exam. 1.3 Indicate whether each of the statements in COLUMN I applies to A ONLY, B ONLY, BOTH A AND B or NONE of the items in COLUMN II. Write A only, B only, both A and B or none next to the question numbers (1.3.1 to 1.3.3) in the ANSWER BOOK. COLUMN I COLUMN II 1.3.1 A place in the plant cell where A: Nucleus DNA is found B: Mitochondrion 1.3.2 The evidence used to support A: Mitochondrial DNA the 'Out of Africa' hypothesis by B: Y- chromosome DNA tracing the maternal lineage 1.3.3 Phase during which cytokinesis A: Telophase I takes place B: Telophase II (3 x 2) (6) 1.4 In watermelons, there are two alleles for taste, bitter fruit and sweet fruit. The allele for bitter fruit (B) is dominant over the allele for sweet fruit (b). There are two alleles for skin appearance, yellow spots and no spots. The allele for yellow spots (N) is dominant over the allele for no spots (n). Plant A, which is heterozygous for bitter fruit and for yellow spots, was crossed with plant B, which has sweet fruit and no spots. 1.4.1 Give the term that describes a genetic cross involving two characteristics. (1) 1.4.2 Give: (a) The genotype of plant B (2) (b) The dominant phenotype for taste in watermelons (1) (c) All possible genotypes of the gametes of plant A (2) 1.4.3 List TWO ways in which the phenotype of a watermelon with genotype bbNn differs from the phenotype of a watermelon with genotype Bbnn. (2) (8) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 8 Downloaded from hlayiso.com Downloaded f rom St anmorephysics. Life Sciences P2 8 com FS/September 2022 Grade 12 Prep. Exam. 1.5 The diagram below show two molecules that are required during proteins synthesis. B C U C A W 1.5.1 Identify: (a) Molecule A (1) (b) The bond at B (1) (c) The base triplet sequences for W (2) 1.5.2 Name the organelle at which this phase of protein synthesis takes place. (1) 1.5.3 Name the nitrogenous base represented by U in the diagram. (1) (6) TOTAL SECTION A: 50 Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 9 Downloaded from hlayiso.com Downloaded f rom St anmorephysics. Life Sciences P2 9 com FS/September 2022 Grade 12 Prep. Exam. SECTION B QUESTION 2 2.1 The table below shows the anticodons of tRNA, that carry specific amino acids during protein synthesis. Number Amino Acid tRNA 1 Alanine CGA 2 Valine GUA 3 Aspartic acid CUA 4 Valine CAC 5 Glutamine CUC 6 Arginine GCC 7 Cysteine UGC 8 Threonine UCC 9 Histidine CAG 10 Tryptophan ACC 11 Tyrosine AUA 2.1.1 Write down the DNA base triplet that codes for the amino acid Valine at number 2. (2) 2.1.2 From the table, write down the names of two amino acids which are coded for by thymine (T) as the first base in the DNA triplets. (2) 2.1.3 Name AND describe the process that occurred in the cytoplasm, which led to amino acid number 11 becoming part of a protein. (5) (9) 2.2 Tabulate any TWO structural differences between DNA and RNA. (5) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 10 Downloaded from hlayiso.com Downloaded f rom St anmorephysics. Life Sciences P2 10 com FS/September 2022 Grade 12 Prep. Exam. 2.3 The diagrams below show how a sheep was cloned. 1. A somatic cell are removed from sheep V V 2. The nucleus are removed from the somatic cells and placed into the 'empty' ova removed from sheep W. These cells are allowed to develop into embryos. 'Empty' ova of sheep W 3. The embryos are implanted into the uterus of the sheep W and W allowed to develop for the full gestation. OFFSPRING 2.3.1 What is a somatic cell? (2) 2.3.2 Why is the nucleus from the ovum of sheep W removed? (1) 2.3.3 Explain why the lambs produced by the technique are identical to each other. (4) 2.3.4 Give ONE reason why the lambs are not genetically identical to sheep W, which produced the ova. (1) 2.3.5 State TWO reasons why cloning livestock be can beneficial to humans. (2) 2.3.6 Give ONE reason why some people may be against cloning. (1) (11) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 11 Downloaded from hlayiso.com Downloaded f rom St anmorephysics. Life Sciences P2 11 com FS/September 2022 Grade 12 Prep. Exam. 2.4 Mr and Mrs Wilson are concerned because their baby boy does not appear to resemble either of them. They suspected that the baby they were given at the hospital is not theirs. Mr Wilson has blood type AB, Mrs Wilson has blood type B. Their daughter has blood type A. The baby boy they were given, has blood type O. They learn that blood groups are determined by multiple alleles – and that there are four phenotypes for blood groups. 2.4.1 Describe how multiple alleles determine blood groups. (2) 2.4.2 Give the genotype of the daughter. (2) 2.4.3 Explain why the baby boy with blood type O, cannot be Mr and Mrs Wilson's biological son. (3) 2.4.4 Blood types are not conclusive in paternity testing. Explain how DNA profiling could be used to determine that Mr Wilson is the father of the daughter. (4) (11) 2.5 Using your knowledge of gonosomes, explain why the sex of a child is determined by the male gamete. (4) 2.6 A population of squirrels lived in the mountains. A landslide caused the river to change direction, thereby separating the populations into two groups on either side of the river. Over a long period of time, the two populations became different species. Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 12 Downloaded from hlayiso.com Downloaded f rom St anmorephysics. Life Sciences P2 12 com FS/September 2022 Grade 12 Prep. Exam. 2.6.1 Describe the process of speciation in the squirrels. (7) 2.6.2 Give THREE reproductive isolation mechanisms that help to keep species separate. (3) (10) [50] QUESTION 3 3.1 The diagrams below show the skulls of three primate genera. The diagrams are NOT drawn to scale. A B C 3.1.1 Give the LETTER only of a skull that: (a) Most likely belongs to a bipedal organism (1) (b) Is attached to a C-shaped vertebral column (1) (c) Is most prognathous (1) (d) Has the largest brain size (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 13 Downloaded from hlayiso.com Downloaded f rom St anmorephysics. Life Sciences P2 13 com FS/September 2022 Grade 12 Prep. Exam. 3.1.2 State TWO advantages of having a large brain. (2) 3.1.3 State any THREE features of skull B shown in the diagram above that allows scientists to determine that this was a much earlier species of genus Homo than modern humans. (H. sapiens sapiens.) (3) 3.1.4 Name TWO lines of evidence that support the idea that humans originated on the African continent. (2) (11) 3.2 Brassica plants have hair on their leaves to reduce transpiration. The number of hairs on the leaves varies from plant to plant. An investigation was conducted to determine whether artificial selection could increase the number of plants with more hair on their leaves. The students carried out the following procedure: • 180 Brassica plants were selected randomly. • The number of hairs present on the edge of each mature leaf was counted per plant, and an average was calculated. • The number of plants, with different averages, was counted and recorded. • The plants with more than 25 hairs per leaf were separated from the rest of the group and allowed to cross-pollinate. • The seeds produced by these plants were germinated and allowed to grow into mature plants. 180 of these plants were selected randomly. • The number of hairs present on the edge of mature leaves was counted per plant and the average number of hairs was calculated again. The number of plants with different averages was counted and recorded. The results of the investigation are shown in the table below. WITHOUT ARTIFICIAL WITH ARTIFICIAL SELECTION SELECTION Average Number of Average Number of number of hairs plants number of hairs plants 0–5 50 0–5 8 6–10 35 6–10 5 11–15 24 11–15 18 16–20 20 16–20 25 21–25 25 21–25 35 26–30 12 26–30 45 31–35 8 31–35 30 36–40 6 36–40 14 [Adapted from: www.media.collegeboard.com] Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 14 Downloaded from hlayiso.com Downloaded f rom St anmorephysics. Life Sciences P2 14 com FS/September 2022 Grade 12 Prep. Exam. 3.2.1 Identify the: (a) Independent variable (1) (b) Dependent variable (1) 3.2.2 State ONE way the students could have made their results more reliable. (1) 3.2.3 Give a conclusion for this investigation. (2) 3.2.4 Draw a histogram showing the results with artificial selection. (6) (11) 3.3. The diagram below shows the somatic cells of an organism in one of the phases of meiosis. 3.3.1 Which phase of meiosis is represented in the diagram? (1) 3.3.2 Give the LETTER and NAME of the part that: (a) Carries the genetic information (2) (b) Holds the chromatids together (2) 3.3.3 State the number of chromosomes present in each of the cells of this organism. (a) At the beginning of meiosis (1) (b) In a gamete of this organism (1) (7) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 15 Downloaded from hlayiso.com Downloaded f rom St anmorephysics. Life Sciences P2 15 com FS/September 2022 Grade 12 Prep. Exam. 3.4 The pedigree diagram below shows the inheritance of colour blindness in a family. The normal allele is represented by XD and the allele causing colour blindness is represented by Xd. A B C D E K ey: Unaffected male Unaffected female Colour blind male Colour blind female 3.4.1 Determine the: (a) Phenotype of individual D (1) (b) Genotype of individual A (1) 3.4.2 State ONE reason why colour blindness is regarded as a sex- linked disorder. (1) 3.4.3 Explain why females have a lesser chance of suffering from colour blindness than males. (4) 3.4.4 Represent a genetic cross to show the percentage chance of individuals B and C having another colour-blind son. (6) (13) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 16 Downloaded from hlayiso.com Downloaded f rom St anmorephysics. Life Sciences P2 16 com FS/September 2022 Grade 12 Prep. Exam. 3.5 The photographs of two butterflies are provided below. Both butterflies live in the same habitat and are preyed on by predators. Although these butterflies are very similar in appearance, they are two separate biological species. Amauris ochlea has an unpleasant taste, while Hypolimnas deceptor does not have an unpleasant taste. Amauris ochlea Hypolimnas deceptor TWO SPECIES OF BUTTERFLY 3.5.1 Explain why most predators are less likely to feed on Hypolimnas deceptor. (2) 3.5.2 Use Darwin's theory of evolution through natural selection to explain the evolution of the appearance of the Hypolimnas deceptor butterfly. (6) (8) [50] TOTAL SECTION B: 100 GRAND TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 17 Downloaded from hlayiso.com Downloaded f rom St anmorephysics. Life Sciences P2 1 com FS/September 2022 Grade 12 Prep. Exam. Marking Guidelines PREPARATORY EXAMINATION GRADE 12 LIFE SCIENCES P2 SEPTEMBER 2022 MARKS: 150 MARKING GUIDELINES These marking guidelines consist of 11 pages. Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 18 Downloaded from hlayiso.com Downloaded f rom St anmorephysics. Life Sciences P2 2 com FS/September 2022 Grade 12 Prep. Exam. Marking Guidelines PRINCIPLES RELATED TO MARKING LIFE SCIENCES 1. If more information than marks allocated is given Stop marking when maximum marks are reached and put a wavy line and 'max' in the right-hand margin. 2. If, for example, three reasons are required and five are given Mark the first three irrespective of whether all or some are correct/incorrect. 3. If the whole process is given when only a part of it is required Read all and credit the relevant part. 4. If comparisons are asked for, but descriptions are given Accept if the differences/similarities are clear. 5. If tabulation is required, but paragraphs are given Candidates will lose marks for not tabulating. 6. If diagrams are given with annotations when descriptions are required Candidates will lose marks. 7. If flow charts are given instead of descriptions Candidates will lose marks. 8. If the sequence is muddled and links do not make sense Where sequence and links are correct, credit. Where sequence and links are incorrect, do not credit. If sequence and links become correct again, resume credit. 9. Non-recognised abbreviations Accept if first defined in answer. If not defined, do not credit the unrecognised abbreviation, but credit the rest of the answer, if correct. 10. Wrong numbering If the answer fits into the correct sequence of questions, but the wrong number is given, it is acceptable. 11. If the language used changes the intended meaning Do not accept. 12. Spelling errors If recognisable, accept the answer, provided it does not mean something else in Life Sciences or if it is out of context. 13. If common names are given in terminology Accept, provided it was accepted at the national memo discussion meeting. 14. If only the letter is asked for, but only the name is given (and vice versa) Do not credit. Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 19 Downloaded from hlayiso.com Downloaded f rom St anmorephysics. Life Sciences P2 3 com FS/September 2022 Grade 12 Prep. Exam. Marking Guidelines 15. If units are not given in measurements Candidates will lose marks. Memorandum will allocate marks for units separately. 16. Be sensitive to the sense of an answer, which may be stated differently. 17. Caption All illustrations (diagrams, graphs, tables, etc.) must have a caption. 18. Code-switching of official languages (terms and concepts) A single word or two that appear(s) in any official language other than the learner's assessment language used to the greatest extent in his/her answers should be credited if it is correct. A marker that is proficient in the relevant official language should be consulted. This applies to all official languages. 19. Changes to the memorandum No changes must be made to the memoranda. The Provincial Internal Moderator must be consulted. Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 20 Downloaded from hlayiso.com Downloaded f rom St anmorephysics. Life Sciences P2 4 com FS/September 2022 Grade 12 Prep. Exam. Marking Guidelines SECTION A QUESTION 1 1.1 1.1.1 B  1.1.2 C  1.1.3 C  1.1.4 A  1.1.5 D  1.1.6 A  1.1.7 A  1.1.8 D  1.1.9 C  1.1.10 C  (10 x 2) (20) 1.2 1.2.1 Gene  1.2.2 Gametogenesis  1.2.3 Phylogenetic  tree 1.2.4 Dominant  1.2.5 Biogeography  1.2.6 Species  1.2.7 Opposable thumb 1.2.8 Theory  1.2.9 Non-disjunction  1.2.10 Incomplete  dominance (10 x 1) (10) 1.3 1.3.1 Both A and B  1.3.2 A only  1.3.3 Both A and B  (3 x 2) (6) 1.4 1.4.1 Dihybrid cross  (1) 1.4.2 (a) bbnn  (2) (b) Bitter  (1) (c) BN Bn bN bn  (2) 1.4.3 bbNn is sweet with yellow spots  Bbnn is bitter with no yellow spots  (2) (8) 1.5. 1.5.1 (a) mRNA  (1) (b) Peptide bond  (1) (c) GAG  (2) 1.5.2 Ribosome  (1) 1.5.3 Uracil  (1) (6) TOTAL SECTION A: 50 Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 21 Downloaded from hlayiso.com Downloaded f rom St anmorephysics. Life Sciences P2 5 com FS/September 2022 Grade 12 Prep. Exam. Marking Guidelines SECTION B QUESTION 2 2.1 2.1.1 GTA  (2) 2.1.2 Cysteine  and Threonine  (2) 2.1.3 The process is translation * The codon UAU of mRNA was exposed on the ribosome  The tRNA with the complementary anticodon AUA  brought the amino acid tyrosine  from the cytoplasm to the ribosome  It was then bonded to the neighbouring/previous amino acid by a peptide bond  (* compulsory mark + any 4) (5) (9) Credit compulsory mark and any 4 points in sequence NB. No credit for generic description of translation process if it does not relate to amino acid 11 in the table. 2.2 Structural difference between DNA and RNA DNA RNA Deoxyribose sugar  Ribose sugar  Nitrogenous base Nitrogenous base Uracil  Thymine  Double stranded  Single stranded  Helix structure Straight molecule 1 mark  for table and any 2 x 2 (5) Mark first TWO only 2.3 2.3.1 A diploid body cell ✓✓ (2) 2.3.2 It is a haploid cell ✓/Does not have the desired characteristic (1) 2.3.3 - The diploid ✓ embryonic cell removed from an embryo of sheep V - multiplied by mitosis ✓ - Producing identical cells ✓ - The identical nuclei of the cells were removed and implanted into empty ova ✓ - which developed into genetically identical embryos ✓ /lambs Any 4 (4) 2.3.4 The nucleus/genetic material originated from sheep V / the genetic material of sheep W was removed from the ova (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 22 Downloaded from hlayiso.com Downloaded f rom St anmorephysics. Life Sciences P2 6 com FS/September 2022 Grade 12 Prep. Exam. Marking Guidelines 2.3.5 − Produce superior livestock ✓ − Produce livestock more rapidly  − As market changes, livestock can be bred to respond to market changes and demands  Mark first TWO only Any 2 (2) 2.3.6 − Against ethical/moral believes  − It is not safe don't know what can happen to clone / unsure of long- term effects − Against nature  − Potential health impact − Expensive  (1) − Reduce genetic variation  (11) Mark first TWO only Any 1 2.4 2.4.1 – There are 3 different alleles  that determines blood groups – An individual only inherit two alleles.  (2) 2.4.2 IAi  (2) 2.4.3 – The baby’s genotype is ii /homozygous for the recessive allele – The baby must inherit one allele for type O blood/i from each parent  – The father/Mr Wilson’s genotype is AB and does not have the recessive/ i allele  (3) 2.4.4 − Compare the DNA profiles of the daughter, mother and father ✓ − Identify the DNA bands of the daughter that are the same as that of the mother  − All  the remaining bands of the daughter must be the same as that of Mr Wilson /the father (4) (11) 2.5 − Males have one X – chromosome and one Y - chromosome on the gonosome/ 23 chromosome pair − Females have two X- chromoomes on the gonosomes ✓ / 23 chromosome pair − All ova have an X- chromosome from the gonosome ✓ − If an ovum is fertilized by an X-chromosome bearing sperm a female/girl is formed  (4) − If an ovum is fertilized by a Y-chromosome bearing sperm a male/boy is formed  Any 4 Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 23 Downloaded from hlayiso.com Downloaded f rom St anmorephysics. Life Sciences P2 7 com FS/September 2022 Grade 12 Prep. Exam. Marking Guidelines 2.6 2.6.1 − The population of a single species of squirrels becomes separated by a geographical barrier, (the river)  − The population split into two populations.  − There was no gene flow between the two populations  − Since each population was exposed to different environmental conditions /the selections pressure was different − natural selection occured independently  in each of the two populations − such that the individuals of the two populations became very different  from each other − genotypically and phenotypically  − Even if the populations are to mix again  − they will not be able to interbreed  − The two populations are now different species 1 Compulsory mark + Any 6 (7) 2.6.2 − Breeding at different times of the year  − Species-specific courtship behaviour  − Plant adaptations to different pollinators  − Infertile offspring  − Prevention of fertilisation  Mark first THREE only Any 3 (3) (10) (50) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 24 Downloaded from hlayiso.com Downloaded f rom St anmorephysics. Life Sciences P2 8 com FS/September 2022 Grade 12 Prep. Exam. Marking Guidelines QUESTION 3 3.1 3.1.1 (a) A/B  ( mark first one only) (1) (b) C  (1) (c) C  (1) (d) A  (1) 3.1.2 Large brain give rise to: − Well-developed hand-eye coordination  − Capacity of language  − Improved intelligence  − The ability to receive and process more stimuli from the environment  − Better decision making  Mark first TWO only Any 2 (2) 3.1.3 − Smaller cranium size  − Brow ridges are well developed  − Cranial ridges present  − Larger jaws  − Sloping face  − Less developed chin  Mark FIRST THEE only Any 3 (3) 3.1.4 Fossil evidence  Genetic evidence  (2) (11) 3.2 3.2.1 (a) With OR without artificial selection  (1) (b) Number of plants with more hairs on their leaves  (1) 3.2.2 Repeat the investigation  Increase the sample size  Mark FIRST ONE only (1) 3.2.3 With artificial selection the number of plants with more hairs on their leaves increases  (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 25 Downloaded from hlayiso.com Downloaded f rom St anmorephysics. Life Sciences P2 9 com FS/September 2022 Grade 12 Prep. Exam. Marking Guidelines 3.2.4 Number of plants with their average number of hair on their leaves 50 45 40 Number of plants 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0-5 6-10 11-15 16-20 21-25 26-30 31-35 36-40 Average numbers of hair on plant leaves Mark Allocation Correct type of graph (T) 1 Caption for graph with both variables ( C ) 1 Correct label for X-axis and label for Y-axis (L) 1 Correct scale for X-axis, scale for Y-axis and width of bars (S) 1 Plotting of points (P) 1 (1 to 7points correct) 2 (All 8 points correct) Note: If the wrong graph is drawn, marks will be lost for 'correct type of graph' and correct scale. If axes are transposed, marks will be lost for labelling of X-axis and Y-axis. (6) (11) 3.3 3.3.1 Prophase II  (1) 3.3.2 (a) B  – chromosome  (2) (b) E  – centromere  (2) 3.3.3 (a) 4  (1) (b) 2  (1) (7) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 26 Downloaded from hlayiso.com Downloaded f rom St anmorephysics. Life Sciences P2 10 com FS/September 2022 Grade 12 Prep. Exam. Marking Guidelines 3.4 3.4.1 (a) Unaffected male  (1) (b) XdY  (1) 3.4.2 The recessive alleles are only carried on the X chromosome of the gonosome / 23 chromosome pair (1) 3.4.3 − Colour blindness is carried by a recessive allele  − On the X-chromosome of the gonosome  − Females have two X chromosomes on the gonosome  − Females must inherit two copies of the recessive allele to show the disorder /females who inherit only one of the recessive allele are still normal (4) 3.4.4 P1 Phenotype : Colour blind female x Unaffected male  Genotype : XdXd x XDY  Meiosis G/gametes Xd, Xd XD, Y  Fertilization F1 Genotype XDXd XdY XDXd XdY  Phenotype 1 normal daughter :1 colour blind son  50% chance of having a colour blind son * P1 and F1  Meiosis and fertilization  (*Compulsory 1 + Any 5) (6) OR Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 27 Downloaded from hlayiso.com Downloaded f rom St anmorephysics. Life Sciences P2 11 com FS/September 2022 Grade 12 Prep. Exam. Marking Guidelines P1 Phenotype: Colour blind female x Unaffected male  Genotype: XdXd x XDY  Meiosis Gametes Xd Xd XD XD Xd XD X d Fertilization Y Xd Y Xd Y 1 mark for correct gametes  1 mark for correct genotypes F1 Genotype XDXd XdY XDXd XdY Phenotype 1 normal daughter : 1colour blind son  50% chance of having a colour blind son * P1 and F1  Meiosis and fertilization  (6) (*Compulsory 1 + Any 5) (13) 3.5 3.5.1 − Predators may mistake it /avoid eating them − because they resemble A. ochlea which has an unpleasant taste (2) 3.5.2 − There was a variation in the appearance and taste of butterflies √ − The Amauris ochlea did have an unpleasant taste and the Hypolimnas deceptor that looks like the Amauris ochlea did not have an unpleasant taste√ − Predators feed on butterflies in this habitat √ − Hypolimnas deceptor that look like the Amairis ochlea with the unpleasante taste were avoided by predetors√ / predators did not prey on them − they were mistaken by their appearance for unpleasant taste√ − the Hypolimnas deceptor survive√ − They reproduced and √ (6) − Passed the alle of apperence/allele of looking similar to (8) A. ochle to the offsprings√ [50] − More H deceptor butterflies is in the next generation that look like A ochlea.√ Any 6 TOTAL SECTION B: 100 GRAND TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved Please turn over ## Related documents - [LIFE SCIENCES P2 GR12 MEMO SEPT2022 Afrikaans](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/life-sciences-p2-gr12-memo-sept2022-afrikaans/7cca7322-63ed-4fb0-a67b-5df57d647597) — Life Sciences · Memo · 2022 · Afr - [Gr12 Life Sciences P2 (English) SEP 2022 Possible Answers](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/gr12-life-sciences-p2-english-sep-2022-possible-answers/17f73f27-a44f-41f5-b5d9-656090338f3e) — Life Sciences · Memo · 2022 · Eng - [Limpopo Life Sciences Grade 12 SEPT 2022 P2 and Memo](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/limpopo-life-sciences-grade-12-sept-2022-p2-and-memo/a14d1ac1-f20f-44b6-9531-44480fcf1d4c) — Life Sciences · Memo · 2022 - [LIFE SCIENCES P2 GR12 QP SEPT2022 English Final](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/life-sciences-p2-gr12-qp-sept2022-english-final/48fd8634-2e51-4ca1-b7e3-df271e86c9ec) — Life Sciences · QP · 2022 · Eng - [Life Sciences P2 May June 2022 Afr](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/life-sciences-p2-may-june-2022-afr/2641aa96-c0ce-4429-9802-4b9c58c65274) — Life Sciences · QP · 2022 · Afr - [Life Sciences P2 Nov 2022 Eng](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/life-sciences-p2-nov-2022-eng/47b0f5ad-d719-45e4-9408-1d076d3907c1) — Life Sciences · QP · 2022 · Eng ## More from Grade 12 Life Sciences - [LIFE SCIENCES QP GR12 JUNE 2025 ENG D watermark](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/life-sciences-qp-gr12-june-2025-eng-d-watermark/138939cb-4757-4989-99d7-c9cb21429a5c) — QP · 2025 · Eng - [Life Sciences Grade 12 NSC QP March 2025 KZN](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/life-sciences-grade-12-nsc-qp-march-2025-kzn/b1598f8e-58e0-4c09-b513-b9f61ae73c47) — QP · 2025 - [Life Sciences Grade 12 NSC P2 MEMO September 2025 Mpumalanga](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/life-sciences-grade-12-nsc-p2-memo-september-2025-mpumalanga/17b4cc42-641c-4d7d-9c53-6bac113ce83c) — Memo · 2025 - [Life Sciences Grade 12 NSC P1 QP September 2025 Mpumalanga](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/life-sciences-grade-12-nsc-p1-qp-september-2025-mpumalanga/be917127-6071-4190-b900-3c475d5bfdd4) — QP · 2025 - [Life Sciences Grade 12 NSC P1 QP September 2025 North West](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/life-sciences-grade-12-nsc-p1-qp-september-2025-north-west/9dc29799-a675-40eb-9573-df7341b3572f) — QP · 2025 - [Life Sciences P2 May-June 2025 Afr](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/life-sciences-p2-may-june-2025-afr/f068fe02-7f70-4bf4-91ad-4ead880d1a88) — QP · 2025 · Afr ## Collection - [Grade 12 past papers](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/past-papers) --- Hlayiso: free CAPS and IEB past papers, memos, notes and study guides for South African learners. 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