# Geography Grade 12 P1 Eastern Cape Mock 2014 QP (Eng)

> Grade 12 Geography Paper 1 question paper from the Eastern Cape Mock Exam 2014 (English), 16 pages. Read online or download the free PDF.

- Page: https://www.hlayiso.com/library/geog-p1-gr12-sept14-qp-eng-adapted/ed4de9c8-4a5d-417a-9445-88a8ee28be51
- Updated: 2026-09-27
- Subject: Geography
- Grade: Grade 12
- Document type: Question paper
- Year: 2014
- Exam period: Eastern Cape Mock Exam
- Paper: 1
- Curriculum: CAPS
- Pages: 16

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Geography · Grade 12 · Eastern Cape Mock Exam · 2014. Question paper, 16 pages. Read online or download the PDF.

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                        NATIONAL
                   SENIOR CERTIFICATE

                           GRADE 12

                   SEPTEMBER 2014

                    GEOGRAPHY P1

MARKS:   225

TIME:    3 hours

                            *GEOGE1*

                   This question paper consists of 16 pages.

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 2                                    GEOGRAPHY P1                       (SEPTEMBER 2014)

INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION

1.     This question paper consists of four questions.

2.     Answer any THREE questions of 75 marks each.

3.     All diagrams are included in the ANNEXURE.

4.     Number the questions correctly according to the numbering system used in
       this question paper. Number all your questions in the CENTRE of the line.

5.     Leave a line between subsections of questions answered.

6.     Start EACH question on a NEW page.

7.     Do NOT write in the margins of the ANSWER BOOK.

8.     Illustrate your answers with labelled diagrams, where possible.

9.     Write neatly and legibly.

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(SEPTEMBER 2014)                         GEOGRAPHY P1                                           3

SECTION A:         PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY: CLIMATE AND WEATHER AND
                   GEOMORPHOLOGY

Answer at least ONE question from this section. If you answer ONE question from
SECTION A, you MUST answer TWO questions from SECTION B.

QUESTION 1

1.1   Various options are given as possible answers to the multiple-choice
      questions below. Choose the correct answer and write only the letter (A–D)
      next to the question number (1.1.1–1.1.8) in your ANSWER BOOK.

      1.1.1        Air … in a high pressure cell.

                   A    rises anticlockwise
                   B    subsides with a rotating action
                   C    moves towards the centre
                   D    rises clockwise

      1.1.2        The warm Mozambique current affects the east coast of South
                   Africa’s weather by …

                   A    causing high temperatures and reducing precipitation.
                   B    raising temperatures on the plateau.
                   C    increasing temperature and rainfall.
                   D    decrease in temperature and increase in rainfall.

      1.1.3        The westerly wind belt with frontal depressions moves north in
                   winter because of …

                   A    winter temperatures.
                   B    cold ocean currents.
                   C    movement of the overhead sun from the tropic of capricorn to
                        the tropic of cancer.
                   D    movement of the overhead sun from the equator to the tropics.

      1.1.4        Cyclogenesis occurs as a result of …

                   A    an imbalance in energy between the polar and tropical regions.
                   B    an organised system of heavy thunderstorms.
                   C    a decrease in temperature and pressure.
                   D    a system of tropical cyclones.

      1.1.5        A cold front occlusion happens when …

                   A    air ahead of the cold front is colder than the air behind the cold
                        front.
                   B    air ahead of the cold front is slightly warmer than the air behind
                        the cold front.
                   C    the cold air is left on the ground.
                   D    the cold air is ahead of the warm front.

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4                                      GEOGRAPHY P1                             (SEPTEMBER 2014)

      1.1.6      Tropical cyclones in the northern hemisphere rotate …

                 A    towards the equator.
                 B    clockwise.
                 C    anticlockwise.
                 D    towards the tropic of cancer.

      1.1.7      The … is the moving air that surrounds the eye of the tropical
                 cyclone.

                 A    jet stream
                 B    vortex
                 C    geostrophic wind
                 D    occlusion

      1.1.8      … is the name given to tropical cyclones in Japan.

                 A    Cyclones
                 B    Hurricanes
                 C    Tornadoes
                 D    Typhoons
                                                                                  (8 x 1)         (8)

1.2   Refer to FIGURE 1.2 which illustrates common drainage patterns in South
      Africa. Select a label from the sketch that best suits the descriptions below:

      1.2.1      There is no distinctive pattern that flows to the rivers and lakes

      1.2.2      Streams flow into a lowland lake or pan

      1.2.3      Rivers that flow parallel or next to each other with few tributaries

      1.2.4      Branching tree like pattern where tributaries join at acute angles

      1.2.5      Streams radiate from a central highland

      1.2.6      The mainstream flows in the syncline and tributaries join from the
                 anticline

      1.2.7      Streams have right angle bends along their course                (7 x 1)         (7)

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(SEPTEMBER 2014)                         GEOGRAPHY P1                                           5

1.3   Study the synoptic weather map in FIGURE 1.3(a) and answer the following
      questions.

      1.3.1        Name the season represented on the synoptic weather map. (1 x 1)           (1)

      1.3.2        What evidence suggests that A is a high pressure cell?         (1 x 1)     (1)

      1.3.3        With reference to mid-latitude cyclones D and B:

                   (a)   Is mid-latitude cyclone D or B older?                     (1 x 1)    (1)

                   (b)   Give a reason for your answer to QUESTION 1.3.3(a). (1 x 2)          (2)

      1.3.4        State why cold-frontal systems occur more frequently over South
                   Africa during the colder months of the year.             (1 x 2)           (2)

      1.3.5        FIGURE 1.3(b) illustrates the weather changes that have taken
                   place at Cape Town as the cold front moved over. Describe and
                   account for the changes in:

                   (a)   Temperatures being experienced

                   (b)   Winds                                                    (2 x 2)     (4)

      1.3.6        Evaluate the importance of using synoptic weather maps and
                   satellite imagery as warning weather systems.        (2 x 2)               (4)

1.4   Study the sketches (FIGURE 1.4) which shows the differences between the
      urban heat island during the day and night, and answer the following
      questions.

      1.4.1        Define the term heat island.                                   (1 x 1)     (1)

      1.4.2        List TWO possible effects that heat islands have on people. (2 x 1)        (2)

      1.4.3        Give TWO reasons for the difference in the vertical dimensions of
                   the heat island during the day and night.                 (2 x 1)          (2)

      1.4.4        There are a number of ways to reduce the heat island effect in
                   urban areas. As the heat island effect is reduced, so too will the
                   pollution dome effect. In a paragraph of approximately 8 lines, write
                   down the strategies to be implemented to reduce the heat island
                   effect.                                                        (4 x 2)     (8)

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6                                       GEOGRAPHY P1                          (SEPTEMBER 2014)

1.5   Refer to FIGURE 1.5, depicting fluvial landforms and answer the following
      questions.

      1.5.1      Identify the fluvial landform at B.                            (1 x 1)    (1)

      1.5.2      How is water maintained in the fluvial landform mentioned in
                 QUESTION 1.5.1?                                        (2 x 1)            (2)

      1.5.3      The letter A represents the floodplain. Explain the importance of this
                 landform for agricultural activities.                          (2 x 2)    (4)

      1.5.4      Explain the importance of landform D during periods of extensive
                 rainfall.                                                 (1 x 2)         (2)

      1.5.5      Draw a cross-section of the river along the line F–G. In your cross-
                 section, indicate the slip-off and undercut slope.            (3 x 1)     (3)

1.6   Study the diagram in FIGURE 1.6, depicting the longitudinal profile of a river
      and answer the questions that follow.

      1.6.1      Provide a label for the origin of the river labelled A.        (1 x 1)    (1)

      1.6.2      Does this river have a CONCAVE or MULTI-CONCAVE profile?
                                                                       (1 x 1)             (1)

      1.6.3      What is the difference between a longitudinal and cross-profile of a
                 river?                                                       (2 x 2)      (4)

      1.6.4      Discuss ONE characteristic of a graded river.                  (1 x 2)    (2)

      1.6.5      Account for a graded river having a steep gradient in the upper
                 course and a more gradual gradient in the lower course.  (2 x 2)          (4)

      1.6.6      Explain in a paragraph of approximately 8 lines how river
                 rejuvenation could change the fluvial features along the course of a
                 river.                                                        (4 x 2)     (8)
                                                                                          [75]

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(SEPTEMBER 2014)                         GEOGRAPHY P1                                                7

QUESTION 2

2.1   FIGURE 2.1 is a simplistic diagram showing air moving between a high
      pressure area and a low pressure area. Complete the following sentences
      by filling in HIGH or LOW. Write down the word next to the question number
      (2.1.1–2.1.6), for example 2.1.7 high.

      2.1.1        Air descends at the centre of a ... pressure.

      2.1.2        Clear, cloudless and dry conditions are associated with a ...
                   pressure.
      2.1.3        Air circulates in an anti-clockwise direction in a … pressure.
      2.1.4        Isobars decrease towards the centre of the … pressure cell.

      2.1.5        Air converges at the centre of a … pressure cell.

      2.1.6        Winds blow from a (a) … pressure cell to a (b) … pressure cell.
                                                                               (7 x 1)         (7)

2.2   Choose the concept from COLUMN B that matches the description in
      COLUMN A. Write only the letter from COLUMN B (A–K) next to the
      question number (2.2.1–2.2.7) for example 2.2.9 L.

                        COLUMN A                                     COLUMN B
      2.2.1    a stream joining a large river                A     shale

      2.2.2    process where one river captures the          B     episodic
               waters of another river through
               headward erosion

      2.2.3    type of drainage pattern that occurs          C     tributary
               when the river is older than the
               landscape

      2.2.4    a river that flows every year in the          D     abstraction
               rainy season only

      2.2.5    the process by which very small               E     river capture
               particles are carried by the river

      2.2.6    when the watershed moves in the               F     superimposed
               direction of the less energetic river

      2.2.7    river develops a pattern on a surface         G     periodic
               that has eroded over time

      2.2.8    the upper level of underground                H     suspension
               saturated rock

                                                             I     water table

                                                             J     antecedent river

                                                             K     abrasion
                                                                                    (8 x 1)    (8)
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8                                     GEOGRAPHY P1                            (SEPTEMBER 2014)

2.3   Study the map in FIGURE 2.3 showing the path of HURRICANE KATRINA
      and answer the following questions.

      2.3.1     State how many HURRICANES occurred over the Atlantic Ocean
                by the 25th of August.                               (1 x 1)                 (1)

      2.3.2     List TWO important conditions necessary for HURRICANE
                KATRINA to develop.                              (2 x 2)                     (4)

      2.3.3     Explain the source of energy that drives hurricanes.              (1 x 2)    (2)

      2.3.4     Explain why HURRICANE KATRINA will dissipate rapidly when it
                reaches New Orleans.                                  (2 x 2)                (4)

      2.3.5     Write a report (not more than 8 lines) detailing the social effects
                that HURRICANE KATRINA would have on the inhabitants of New
                Orleans.                                                    (4 x 2)          (8)

2.4   Study the diagram depicting temperature inversion in a valley at night in
      FIGURE 2.4, and answer the following questions.

      2.4.1     Define the term temperature inversion.                        (1 x 1)        (1)

      2.4.2     Give a reason for temperature inversion occurring in the valley.
                                                                              (1 x 2)        (2)

      2.4.3     Name ONE effect that temperature inversion can have on the
                weather in a valley.                                (1 x 2)                  (2)

      2.4.4     Describe TWO conditions necessary for the formation of frost on
                the valley floor in winter.                              (2 x 1)             (2)

      2.4.5     Suggest why farmers will be selective about the crops they plant on
                slopes at A and B respectively.                              (2 x 2)         (4)

2.5   Study the sketches in FIGURE 2.5 showing you the nature of river discharge
      and answer the following questions.

      2.5.1     Define the term river discharge.                                  (1 x 1)    (1)

      2.5.2     Name the stream flow at A and B respectively.                     (2 x 1)    (2)

      2.5.3     Give a reason for the type of stream flow occurring in river B.
                                                                                  (1 x 2)    (2)

      2.5.4     Why wil higher flow speeds likely occur at A?                     (1 x 2)    (2)

      2.5.5     Explain the relationship between the velocity of stream B and the
                transport of sediments.                                    (2 x 2)           (4)

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(SEPTEMBER 2014)                         GEOGRAPHY P1                                           9

2.6   FIGURE 2.6 illustrates the main features of a drainage basin. Study the
      diagram to answer the following questions.

      2.6.1        Define the term drainage basin.                               (1 x 1)      (1)

      2.6.2        Explain the difference between a watershed and an
                   interfluve.                                                   (2 x 1)      (2)

      2.6.3        What major factor influences the type of river that exists?   (1 x 2)      (2)

      2.6.4        How will the urban environment affect the rate at which run off
                   occurs?                                                  (1 x 2)           (2)

      2.6.5        Give TWO reasons for your answer in QUESTION 2.6.3.           (2 x 2)      (4)

      2.6.6        “Due to human activities, the natural balance that exists within a
                   river system has been disturbed and the natural catchment areas
                   have been degraded.”

                   Write a detailed report of approximately 8 lines on the negative
                   impact that human activities have on drainage basins.     (4 x 2)          (8)
                                                                                             [75]

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10                                    GEOGRAPHY P1                             (SEPTEMBER 2014)

SECTION B:      RURAL AND URBAN SETTLEMENTS AND ECONOMIC
                GEOGRAPHY OF SOUTH AFRICA

QUESTION 3

3.1   Give ONE term for each of the descriptions (3.1.1–3.1.7) below.

      3.1.1     Area that has a mixture of land uses or functions, such as airports,
                sewerage works and golf courses

      3.1.2     Wealthy communities that live in fenced housing estates

      3.1.3     The type of urban settlement that occurs when goods are moved
                from one form of transportation to another

      3.1.4     The street pattern where roads intersect at right angles

      3.1.5     An area within the inner city in which people of a particular cultural
                or ethnic group live in unattractive conditions

      3.1.6     This is a reverse trend to urbanisation where people move back to
                rural areas

      3.1.7     The uncontrolled process whereby urban areas expand into the
                surrounding rural areas
                                                                      (7 x 1)               (7)

3.2   Four options are given as possible answers to the following questions.
      Choose the correct answer and write only the letter (A–D) next to the
      question number (3.2.1–3.2.8) in your ANSWER BOOK,
      for example 3.2.9 B.

      3.2.1     The provision of transport is a … economic activity.

                A     primary
                B     secondary
                C     tertiary
                D     quaternary

      3.2.2     Market orientated industries …

                A     are located close to raw materials.
                B     have a free choice of location.
                C     transfer cargo into smaller units of transport.
                D     produce goods that need to be manufactured close to the
                      consumer.

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(SEPTEMBER 2014)                        GEOGRAPHY P1                                           11

      3.2.3        The most important manufacturing industry in the South Western
                   Cape is …

                   A    iron and steel.
                   B    oil refinery.
                   C    clothing and textile.
                   D    assembly of motor vehicles.

      3.2.4        The Maputo corridor is an example of …

                   A    spatial development initiatives.
                   B    border industry.
                   C    black economic empowerment.
                   D    industrial development industry.

      3.2.5        South Africa’s most important crop in terms of production is …

                   A    sugar cane.
                   B    maize.
                   C    wheat.
                   D    grapes.

      3.2.6        Industries which are considered “footloose” …

                   A    are fly-by-night operations.
                   B    make shoes.
                   C    are not affected by transport costs.
                   D    require multiple sources of raw materials.

      3.2.7        Koeberg, South Africa’s nuclear power station is …

                   A    in Gauteng.
                   B    near Johannesburg.
                   C    in Mpumalanga.
                   D    outside Cape Town.

      3.2.8        A problem associated with manufacturing in Gauteng is …

                   A    the growing strain on water resources.
                   B    the lack of infrastructure.
                   C    agglomeration.
                   D    the large distance from electricity producers.
                                                                               (8 x 1)         (8)

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12                                    GEOGRAPHY P1                             (SEPTEMBER 2014)

3.3   Carefully study the picture in FIGURE 3.3 showing land-use zones in an
      urban settlement and answer the following questions.

      3.3.1     Name the urban land-use zones labelled by A and B.             (2 x 1)      (2)

      3.3.2     List TWO functions occurring in land use zone A.               (2 x 1)      (2)

      3.3.3     Explain why most buildings are tall in land-use zone A.        (1 x 2)      (2)

      3.3.4     Suggest a reason for the fairly high land prices in land use
                zone B.                                                        (1 x 2)      (2)

      3.3.5     Dynamic change in land-use in zone A is constant through
                replacement and regeneration. Discuss any TWO programmes
                transforming this land-use zone.                    (2 x 2)                 (4)

      3.3.6     Choose TWO strategies that the city council can implement to
                address the moral and social degeneration that occurs in land-use
                zone B.                                                     (2 x 2)         (4)

3.4   Refer to FIGURE 3.4 which highlights the movement of people from farms
      to cities to answer the following questions.

      3.4.1     What is the term that describes the movement of people from
                farms to cities?                                      (1 x 1)               (1)

      3.4.2     List TWO reasons why people leave farms (push factors).        (2 x 1)      (2)

      3.4.3     Explain why young people are mostly affected by the push factors
                in the rural areas.                                       (2 x 2)           (4)

      3.4.4     Evaluate the economic consequences (approximately 8 lines) for
                rural areas that result from rural depopulation.       (4 x 2)              (8)

3.5   TABLE 3.5 provides details of South Africa’s contribution to the GDP for
      2012. Study this table and answer the following questions.

      3.5.1     Name the economic sector that is the largest contributor to the
                economy.                                                 (1 x 1)            (1)

      3.5.2     What does the term gross domestic product (GDP) mean?          (1 x 1)      (1)

      3.5.3     Suggest TWO ways in which the GDP can be increased in
                South Africa.                                                  (2 x 1)      (2)

      3.5.4     Account for finance and real estate being so well established in
                South Africa.                                             (1 x 2)           (2)

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(SEPTEMBER 2014)                       GEOGRAPHY P1                                        13

       3.5.5       “Agriculture only contributes 2,4% to the primary sector, yet it is
                   still important to the South African economy.”
                   Explain why this is the case.                              (2 x 2)       (4)

       3.5.6       In a paragraph of approximately 8 lines, explain why trade and
                   land ownership favoured agricultural development in South Africa.
                                                                              (4 x 2)       (8)

3.6    Read through the case study ‘Neliswa beats unemployment and
       widowhood’ in FIGURE 3.6 and answer the following questions.

       3.6.1       Explain what you understand by the informal sector.         (1 x 1)      (1)

       3.6.2       Name ONE problem (mentioned in the case study) that people like
                   Neliswa are exposed to when trading.                   (1 x 2)           (2)

       3.6.3       Discuss any TWO reasons why people like Neliswa are forced into
                   informal sector employment.                              (2 x 2)         (4)

       3.6.4       Explain TWO ways in which changes can be made to the informal
                   sector to strengthen the South African economy.        (2 x 2)           (4)
                                                                                           [75]

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14                                    GEOGRAPHY P1                             (SEPTEMBER 2014)

QUESTION 4

4.1    Choose a term from COLUMN B that matches the description in COLUMN
       B. Write only word the letter (A–H) next to the question number (4.1.1–
       4.1.8), for example 4.1.9 I.

                          COLUMN A                                  COLUMN B
       4.1.1     changing the existing structure of land     A     Wet point site
                 tenure

       4.1.2     farming to make a profit                    B     Dry point site

       4.1.3     growth of settlements where routes cross C Range
                 a river

       4.1.4     land is owned by the community              D Land reform

       4.1.5     a small rural settlement                    E     Communal tenure

       4.1.6     settlements built near a water source       F     Bridging point

       4.1.7     settlements built away from a water G Hamlet
                 source

       4.1.8     maximum distance that people have to H            Commercial
                 travel to buy goods                               farming
                                                                                (8 x 1)        (8)

4.2    Select a term from the list below to match the following statements. Write
       only the correct term next to the question number (4.2.1–4.2.7) in the
       ANSWER BOOK.

       Quaternary activities; Beneficiate; Tertiary sector; GEAR ; Multiplier effect;
       Agglomeration; Core; Periphery; BEE; Industrial inertia

       4.2.1    The reluctance of established industries to move

       4.2.2    A government plan for economic development and the creation of
                jobs

       4.2.3    A process in which low grade ores are enriched at a mine.

       4.2.4    Those parts of the economy concerned with research, gathering
                information, etc.

       4.2.5    New economic activity in an area which attracts further economic
                development and more employment

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(SEPTEMBER 2014)                        GEOGRAPHY P1                                         15

       4.2.6       An area of low economic development

       4.2.7       An area where economic activity is concentrated
                                                                                  (7 x 1)     (7)

4.3    Refer to FIGURE 4.3 which depicts a map showing an area in the southern
       hemisphere and answer the questions that follow.

       4.3.1       Differentiate between the terms site and situation of a settlement.
                                                                                  (2 x 1)     (2)

       4.3.2       Describe the settlement pattern at A and B respectively.       (2 x 2)     (4)

       4.3.3       State TWO factors that could have influenced the pattern at A.
                                                                                (2 x 2)       (4)

       4.3.4       Explain the climatic factor that could have been responsible for the
                   location of settlement C.                                    (1 x 2)       (2)

       4.3.5       Justify why there is no need today for a settlement like D to be near
                   a water source.                                                (1 x 2)     (2)

4.4    Read through the newspaper article titled, ‘SHACK DWELLLERS DEMAND
       HOUSES’ in FIGURE 4.4, which highlights a land use conflict in South Africa
       and answer the following questions.

       4.4.1       Define the term informal settlement.                           (1 x 2)     (2)

       4.4.2       State the main grievance of the shack dwellers towards the
                   municipality.                                              (1 x 1)         (1)

       4.4.3       Describe any TWO problems that shack dwellers generally
                   experience.                                                    (2 x 2)     (4)

       4.4.4       Write a paragraph of approximately 8 lines to identify TWO other
                   reasons for land use conflicts, besides a lack of housing and
                   suggest TWO solutions to the housing land use conflict.       (4 x 2)      (8)

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16                                    GEOGRAPHY P1                            (SEPTEMBER 2014)

4.5    Read through the case study of the Richards Bay Industrial Development
       Zone in FIGURE 4.5 and answer the following questions.

       4.5.1     What is an industrial development zone?                        (1 x 1)      (1)

       4.5.2     Why is Richards Bay an ideal location for industries that export
                 goods?                                                    (2 x 1)           (2)

       4.5.3     Name ONE other industrial development zone operational in South
                                                                                             (1)
                 Africa.                                                  (1 x 1)

       4.5.4     Explain how Spatial Development Initiatives aimed to achieve the
                 principle of decentralisation of economic activities from core areas.
                                                                                (3 x 2)      (6)

       4.5.5     Write a paragraph of approximately 8 lines to evaluate the impact
                 that the development of an IDZ will have on an area. Consider the
                 positive impact of the development.                         (4 x 2)         (8)

4.6    Refer to FIGURE 4.6 which highlights the type of industry found in one of
       the four economic regions that you have studied. Refer to the sketches to
       answer the questions.

       4.6.1     Name the core region that is mainly involved in the production of
                 goods shown in FIGURE 4.6.                                (1 x 1)           (1)

       4.6.2     Account for the location of the petro-chemical and sugar industry in
                 this region.                                                 (2 x 2)        (4)

       4.6.3     Discuss TWO advantages that this industrial area enjoys over the
                 PWV industrial region.                                    (2 x 2)           (4)

       4.6.4     Write down any TWO problems hampering economic development
                 in this region.                                      (2 x 2)               (4)
                                                                                           [75]

                                                                     GRAND TOTAL:           225

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