# Geography Grade 12 Paper 1 KZN Mock 2025 Memo

> Grade 12 Geography Paper 1 memorandum from the KZN Mock Exam 2025, 9 pages. Read online or get the free PDF download, question paper linked when available.

- Page: https://www.hlayiso.com/library/geography-grade-12-nsc-p1-memo-september-2025-kzn/27d85756-d61a-48d7-b3d9-9b457a0ff50f
- Updated: 2026-09-27
- Subject: Geography
- Grade: Grade 12
- Document type: Memorandum
- Year: 2025
- Exam period: KZN Mock Exam
- Paper: 1
- Curriculum: CAPS
- Pages: 9

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## About this document

Geography · Grade 12 · KZN Mock Exam · 2025. Memorandum, 9 pages. Read online or download the PDF.

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### Page 1

; KWAZULU-NATAL PROVINCE

EDUCATION
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA

NATIONAL
SENIOR CERTIFICATE

GRADE 12

GEOGRAPHY P1
MARKING GUIDELINES

PREPARATORY EXAMINATION

SEPTEMBER 2025

~
ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ey 2

MARKS: 150

This marking guideline consists of 9 pages.

Copyright Reserved Please Turn Over

### Page 2

September 2025 Preparatory Examination

SECTION A: CLIMATE AND WEATHER AND GEOMORPHOLOGY

QUESTION 1: CLIMATE AND WEATHER

qs
1.1.1

1.1.2
1.1.3
1.1.4
1.1.5
1.1.6
1.1.7
1.1.8

1.2
12:1

1.2.2
1.2.3
1.2.4
1.2.5
1.2.6

1.2.7

r>wWDoarrorn

(8 x 1) (8)

South Atlantic
Anti-clockwise
1016

winter

stable

ridge

north-west (7 x 1) (7)

1.3. TROPICAL CYCLONES

1.3.1

1.3.2

9 (tropical cyclones) (1) (1x 1)(1)

Warm sea surface temperature allows for the large-scale
evaporation and the release of latent heat which serves as the
energy source. (2)

The latent heat, which is accumulated in water vapour is released
when water vapour condenses into cumulonimbus clouds. (2)
Rising air provides heat and moisture for the atmosphere to
become unstable. (2)

Creates upper atmospheric divergence of air. The removal of air
in the upper troposphere, allows for the creation of low-pressure
area at the lower level of the atmosphere. (2)

The low wind shear allows for sustained upliftment of moisture
over the warm ocean (2)

[ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4)

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### Page 3

1.4

1.3.3

1.3.4

1.4.1

1.4.2

1.4.3

14.4

September 2025 Preparatory Examination

INFRASTRUCTURE

Infrastructure damage, strong winds, lightning, hail and heavy rainfall result in:
destruction of roads, bridges, and buildings, making transportation and
communication difficult. (2)

Power outage affecting essential services such as hospitals

and water supply. (2)

PEOPLE

Flooding & displacement of people. (2)

Economic Loss such as destruction of homes, businesses, leading to
financial strain on individuals and the government. (2)

Loss of life and livelihoods (2)

Shortage of food (accept examples) (2)

Health crisis (accept examples) (2)

(NB: Learner must provide one example from infrastructure and

one from people] (2 x 2) (4)
[ANY TWO]

Early warning system, use satellite tracking and weather alerts to

inform residents about the approaching cyclone. (2)

Evacuation plans, identify safe shelters and ensure communities in

high-risk areas evacuate before the cyclone makes landfall. (2)

Strengthening Infrastructure and buildings, by reinforcing them

to withstand strong winds and flooding. (accept examples) (2)

Proper maintenance (cleaning) of drainage system (2)

Emergency rescue services on standby. (2)

Placing sandbags/artificial levees along the river banks/coastal areas. (2)
Community awareness and education on cyclone preparedness. (2)

Advise people to stock up on emergency resources (food, water, medical supplies
and emergency equipment). (2)

[ANY THREE] (3 x 2) (6)

Hot, dry and gusty winds which blow from the interior down the
escarpment to the coast in winter of South Africa. (2) (1 x 2) (2)
[CONCEPT]

Coastal Low-Pressure Cell (1)
Kalahari High Pressure Cell (1) (2 x 1) (2)

It is heated up adiabatically / the temperature increases as it
descends the mountain / moisture is evaporated. (1) (1 x 1) (1)

The low-pressure system near the coast draws the air from the

interior, initiating the movement of berg winds. (2)

Intensifies pressure difference (gradient) between the high-pressure cell in
the interior of South Africa and the coast. (2)

[ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2)

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### Page 4

September 2025 Preparatory Examination

1.4.5 Increased risk of wildfires, the dry, warm air brought by berg winds
creates conditions that are highly conducive to wildfires. (2)
Vegetation becomes dry and highly flammable, increasing the
likelihood of fires spreading, especially in regions with dry bush
or grasslands. (Vulnerable areas) (2)

Berg winds can intensify/ increase drought conditions as they lead

to increased evaporation rates. (2)

This can negatively affect forests, and natural vegetation,

and loss of biodiversity in the affected areas. (2)

Destruction of ecosystems / food web / food chain (2)

Destruction of natural habitats (2)

Prolonged exposure to berg winds can lead to soil degradation. (2)
As plants dry out, the soil becomes more vulnerable to erosion. (2)

Animals can suffer heat stroke/heat exhaustion/ die (2) (4 x 2) (8)
[ANY FOUR]
15
1.5.1 Mass concentration of poilutants trapped above the city. (2) (1 x 2) (2)
[CONCEPT]

1.5.2 Vehicle emissions. (1)
Industrial activity (e.g., factories, power plants) (1)
Burning of fossil fuels (coal, petrol, diesel) (1)
Construction activities (1)
[ANY ONE] (1x 1)(1)

1.5.3 Subsiding/sinking/descending air. (1) (1 x 1) (1)

1.5.4 Strong subsidence of air pushes/traps/compresses pollutants
close to the ground. (2) (1 x 2) (2)

1.5.5 Winter (1) (1x 1)(1)

1.5.6 Atmospheric stability in the morning with less vertical mixing of
air which traps pollutants closer to the ground. (2)
Reduced dispersion in the late afternoon due to low temperatures. (2)
Increased traffic (congestion) during peak hours (morning and afternoon) leading
to increased vehicle emissions. (2)
[ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4)

1.5.7 Promote the use of public transport to reduce the number of
vehicles. (accept examples) (2)
Implement strict emission controls / regulations. (2)
Impose fines on air polluters. (2)
Education and awareness campaigns. (2)
Create cycle lanes. (2)
Encourage green spaces/green belts in urban areas [accept examples] (2)
Promote renewable / clean energy sources (accept examples). (2)
Industrial and commercial decentralization. (2)
[ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4)

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### Page 5

September 2025 Preparatory Examination

QUESTION 2: GEOMORPHOLOGY

2.1
2.1.4

NO
a
BR
ow > OO F Bm OO

2.1.7 (7 x 1) (7)

2:2
2.2.1 Z (Abstraction)
2.2.2 Y (Source)
2.2.3 Y (Distributaries)
2.2.4 Z (Delta)
2.2.5 Z (Graded)
2.2.6 Y (incised meander)
2.2.7 ¥ (Transverse)

2.2.8 Y (Waterfall) (8 x 1) (8)

2.3 DELTA

2.3.1 Is a landform that is a triangular or fan shaped like created through
deposition of sediments at the mouth of the river. (2) (1 x 2) (2)
[CONCEPT]

2.3.2 Lower course (1) (1.x 1) (1)

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### Page 6

September 2025 Preparatory Examination

2.3.3 When the river approaches the ultimate base level its speed/energy
is reduced. (2)
The river is unable to transport its load and deposits its sediments
at the ultimate base level. (2)
Flocculation of clay particles in the sediments due to saline conditions. (2)
The sediments (deposited material) spread outwards from the
mouth and gradually accumulate and rise above the sea level. (2)
The slow velocity of water leads to the formation of distributaries. (2)
[ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4)

2.3.4 Contain fertile soil for agriculture. (2)
Good for construction of towns and cities. (2)
Habitable by humans/ can be used to build settlements. (2)
Close to water supply for irrigation or hydro-electricity generation. (2)
Can be used for bulk transportation of goods. (2)
Promote aquaculture. (2)
Provide water for domestic activities. (2)
Contains large mineral deposits. (2)
[ANY FOUR] (4 x 2) (8)

2.4 RIVER REJUVINATION

2.4.1. When a less energetic river regains energy and starts

to erode vertically. (2) (1 x 2) (2)
[CONCEPT]
2.4.2 Lower course (1) (1.x 1) (1)

2.4.3. Presence of the mouth (sea)/ ultimate base level. (2)
Presence of the flood plain. (2)
Presence of meandering river. (2)
[ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2)

2.4.4 After river rejuvenation has occurred the meanders are cut (incised)
deeply into the underlying rock. (2) (1 x 2) (2)

2.4.5 Higher rainfall increases the volume of water, velocity and its
erosive ability. (2)
Drop-in sea-level results in river gaining energy. (2)
Uplift of land (isostatic uplift). (2)
River capture which increases the volume and erosive potential
of the captor stream. (2)
Increased volume of water due to melting ice (glaciation). (2)
[ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4)

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### Page 7

2.4.6

2.5

September 2025 Preparatory Examination

Ensures reliable supply of water for irrigation. (2)

Enhances soil fertility. (2)

Potential for hydro-electric power generation. (2)

Enhances farming capacity. (2)

Increased supply of water for irrigation which reduces

input costs (2)

Reduces/less risks for flooding. (2)

[ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4)
CATCHMENT MANAGEMENT
2.5.1 Maintaining rivers and use of water in a sustainable way so that

it is available for future generations. (2) (1 x 2) (2)

[CONCEPT]
2.5.2. Irrigation (1)

Farming (1)

[ANY ONE] (1 x 1)(1)
2.5.3 To test the quality of water along the river course. (2)

Ensure that the water quality is maintained. (2)

Identify the point where water pollution occurs. (2)

[ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2)
2.5.4 The polluted water (1) will result in the loss of bio-diversity. (1)

Ecosystems / aquatic life will be disturbed (1) due to polluted water. (1)

Poor farming methods (accept examples) (1) will accelerate soil erosion. (1)

Eutrophication (1) decreases the oxygen levels in the river. (1)

[ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4)

PART MARKING (ONE MARK FOR A FACTOR AND ONE MARK

FOR A QUALIFIER.
2.5.5 Regular testing of water / monitoring water quality. (2)

Imposing fines to industries that pollute the river. (2)

Implementing flood control measures (accept examples) to

prevent pollutants from entering the river. (2)

Removal of invasive (alien) plants and animals. (2)

Promote community water stewardship (supervision). (2)

Community education / awareness programmes. (2)

Restoration of indigenous plants along the river bank. (2)

Buffering along the river. (2)

[ANY THREE] (3 x 2) (6)

TOTAL SECTION A: [120]

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### Page 8

SECTION B

September 2025 Preparatory Examination

QUESTION THREE: GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES

3.1

3.2

MAP SKILLS AND CALCULATIONS

3.1.4

3.1.2

3.1.3

3.1.4

3.1.5

A(5)
C (8)

C (46,4m)

A (North West)

Actual distance = Map distance x Map scale
=3,4~ cm x 0,5 (Range 3,3 cm — 3,5 cm)
=1,7kmv [Range: 1,65 km — 1,75 km]

A=LxB
L=3,1cemx0,1=0,31km (Range 3 cm to 3,2 cm) Vv
B=2,2cmx0,1=0,22km (Range 2,1 cm to 2,3 cm) ¥
Lx B=0,31 km x 0,22 km ¥

=0,0682 km2v = (Range 0.063 km? to 0.073 km?)

MAP INTERPRETATION

3.2.1

3.2.2

3.2.3

3.2.4

A (South-easterly) Accept C (North-easterly)
D (28°32'09°'S, 29°45°35"°E)

Non-perennial (seasonal) rivers (1)
Many dams (1)

Reservoirs (1)

Water towers (1)

Wind pump (1)

[ANY ONE]

Dendritic (1)

Copyright Reserved

(1.x 1)(1)

(1x 1) (1)

(1.x 1) (1)

(1.x 1) (1)

(2x 1) (2)

(4 x 1) (4)

(1x 1) (1)

(1x 1)(1)

(1x 1)(1)

(1x 1)(1)

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### Page 9

September 2025 Preparatory Examination

3.2.5 Resembles the branches of a tree (2)
Tributaries join main stream at an acute angle (2) (1 x 2) (2)
[ANY ONE]

3.2.6 A rock with a uniform resistance to erosion (2)
Horizontal sedimentary rock (2)
Massive igneous rocks (2) (1 x 2) (2)
[ANY ONE]

3.2.7 Afforestation (2)
Introducing vegetation cover (2)
Terracing (2)
Correct farming methods (Accept examples) (2)
Managing surface runoff (Accept examples) (2)
[ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4)

3.3. GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMAL SYSTEMS (GIS)
3.3.1. Vector (data). (1) (1x 1)(1)
3.3.2 Data is represented by points, lines and polygons. (2) (1 x 2) (2)

3.3.3. Data Layer- piece of information based on a specific theme. (2) (1 x 2) (2)
[CONCEPT]

3.3.4 Relief / topography (1)
Drainage (1)
Infrastructure (1)
Settlement (1)
Economic Activity (1)
[ANY THREE] (3 x 1) (3)

TOTAL SECTION B: [30]

TOTAL MARKS: 150

Copyright Reserved

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