# Geography Grade 12 Paper 2 KZN Mock 2025 Memo

> Grade 12 Geography Paper 2 memorandum from the KZN Mock Exam 2025, 10 pages. Read online or get the free PDF download, question paper linked when available.

- Page: https://www.hlayiso.com/library/geography-grade-12-nsc-p2-memo-september-2025-kzn/02b66a0d-58bb-4d86-8499-145b1828e144
- Updated: 2026-09-27
- Subject: Geography
- Grade: Grade 12
- Document type: Memorandum
- Year: 2025
- Exam period: KZN Mock Exam
- Paper: 2
- Curriculum: CAPS
- Pages: 10

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## About this document

Geography · Grade 12 · KZN Mock Exam · 2025. Memorandum, 10 pages. Read online or download the PDF.

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### Page 1

KWAZULU-NATAL PROVINCE

EDUCATION
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA

NATIONAL
SENIOR CERTIFICATE

GRADE 12

GEOGRAPHY P2
MARKING GUIDELINES

PREPARATORY EXAMINATION

SEPTEMBER 2025

MARKS: 150

This marking guideline consists of 10 pages.

Copyright Reserved Please Turn Over

### Page 2

Geography P2 September 2025 Preparatory Examination

QUESTION 1: RURAL AND URBAN SETTLEMENTS

1.1
114.14 A
1.1.2 B
1.13 B
114 A
11.5 A
1.1.6 B
1.1.7 A
1.1.8 A

1.2
1.2.1 D (Sphere of influence)
1.2.2 H (urban profile)
1.23 A (Low order goods)
1.24 G (Threshold population)
1.25 B (urban hierarchy)
1.26 C (urban morphology)
1.2.7 E (urban Sprawl)

1.3

1.3.1 Decrease in the number of peopie living in rural areas. [CONCEPT]

1.3.2 Increasing

1.3.3. Lack of jobs in rural areas (2)
Low salaries/ wages (2)
Rising production costs in the farms (2)
Lack of basic services (Accept examples) (2)
Rising poverty levels (2)
Natural disasters (Accept examples) (2)
Unrest and lack of security (2)
Food insecurity (2)
Reduced agricultural production (2)
Mechanisation in rural areas (2)
Lack of government subsidies (2)
Slow pace of finalising land reform program (2)
Lack of entertainment (2)
Lack of higher educational institutions in rural areas (2)

[ANY TWO]

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(1 x 8) (8)

(7 x 1) (7)

(1 x 2) (2)

(1x 1) (1)

(2 x 2) (4)

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### Page 3

Geography P2 September 2025 Preparatory Examination

1.3.4 Businesses close down (2)
Development of ghost towns (2)
Resources underutilised/ underused (2)
Production in farms decrease/reduced (2)
Ageing of population in rural areas (2)
Standard of living decreases (2)
Brain drain (2)
Results in food insecurity (2)
Abandonment/ neglect of farms (2)
Reduction in service provision (Accept examples) (2)
People travel long distances for services (2)
Disinvestment (withdrawal of investment) in rural areas (2)
Family units (bonds) are broken. (2)

[ANY FOUR] (4 x 2) (8)
1.4
1.4.1. Land in an urban area that is used for a specific purpose or a
function
[CONCEPT] (1 x 2) (2)

1.4.2 High accessibility (2)
It is where the city originated (outward expansion) (2)
Commercial heart of the city (2)
[ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2)

1.4.3 (a) Transition zone (zone of decay) (1.x 1)(1)

(b) | Surrounds the CBD. (1)
Buildings are old and dilapidated. (1)
Social and moral decay [Accept examples]. (1)
Functions are mixed. (1)
Land value is fairly expensive. (1)
Fragmented/ Irregular shaped. (1)
Influx of foreigners. (1)
Poor infrastructure. (1)
High tevel of pollution. (1)
Informal traders. (1)
Influx of students. (1}
Influx of homeless people. (1)
Graffiti on the walls. (1)
Lower rental. (1)
Overcrowding (1)
[ANY TWO] (2 x 1) (2)

1.4.4 (a) _ It's a gentle slope/ land is flat (1 x 2) (2)

(b) Buildings require large flat ground space. (2)
Dependent mainly on rail transport. (2)
Produces heavy and bulky goods. (2)
(ANY ONE) (1 x 2)(2)

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### Page 4

Geography P2 September 2025 Preparatory Examination

1.4.5 Heavy indusirial zone requires large plot of land (1) whereas the
land is used intensively in the CBD. (1)
Heavy industrial zone uses heavy load transport (1) while the CBD
uses mostly light motor vehicles (1)
Heavy industrial zone often generates pollution (1) while the CBD
aims to reduce pollution (1)
The land value is high in the CBD (1) while the heavy industrial
zone requires lower land values. (1)
Heavy industrial zone produces heavy and bulky goods (1)
while the CBD produces lighter goods (1)
NB: THE LEARNER MUST QUALIFY THE
ANSWER
[ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4)

15
1.5.1 Overconcentration and the slow movement of vehicles on the road.
[CONCEPT] (1 x 2) (2)

1.5.2 Road construction. (1)
Accidents. (1)
Reckless driving. (1)
Insufficient police presence. (1)
[ANY ONE] (1x 1)(1)

1.5.3 Air pollution. (1)
Noise pollution. (1)
Emitting higher greenhouse gases. (1)
Contribute to smog. (1)
Acid rain. (1)
Global warming. (1)
[ANY TWO] (2 x 1) (2)

1.5.4 Workers arrive late at work/ decrease in production. (2)
People are retrenched/ loss of jobs/ reduction in salaries. (2)
Deliveries are delayed. (2)

Decrease in available market. (2)
Decrease in profits. (2)

Businesses may close down. (2)

It leads to higher fuel costs. (2)
Reduction in the provinces’ revenue. (2)
Destruction of road infrastructure. (2)
Increase in food prices. (2)

Decrease the buying power. (2)
Increase maintenance costs. (2)
Increase in insurance claims. (2)

[ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4)

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### Page 5

Geography P2 September 2025 Preparatory Examination

1.5.5 (Construct) ring roads. (2)
(Construct) bypass roads. (2)
(Create) One-way streets. (2)
Synchronised traffic lights. (2)
Dedicated lanes (Accept examples). (2)
Directional lane changes (Accept examples). (2)
Increased number of lanes (Accept examples). (2)
Efficient road maintenance (Accept examples). (2)
improve/ redesign intersections/ traffic circles. (2)
(Display) electronic signage (Accept examples). (2)
Decentralised commercial functions. (2)
Improve public transport. (2)
Encourage park and ride facilities. (2)
Encourage staggered working hours. (2)
Charging vehicles for entering the city. (2)
Presence of traffic officials during peak hours. (2)
Roadworks should be avoided during peak hours. (2)
[ANY THREE] (3 x 2) (6)

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### Page 6

Geography P2 September 2025 Preparatory Examination

QUESTION 2: ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY OF SOUTH AFRICA

2.1

Tertiary

Primary

Secondary

Quaternary

Secondary

Primary

Tertiary

Tertiary (8 x 1) (8)

NED WS NEN Py be
Se Es Tey yy Sas Bee
PNADMRWNH

2.2
22.1
222:
2.2.3
2.2.4
2.2.5
2.2.6
22k

(market-orientated)

(light)

(ubiquitous)

(heavy)

(raw material orientated)

(footloose)

(break-of-bulk industry) (7 x 1) (7)

<<N<NN<

2.3. SUGARCANE FARMING
2.3.1 65 000 (Direct jobs). (1x 1)(1)

2.3.2 Increasing production costs (labour, fuel and fertilizer). (2)
Competition from cheaper imports and sweeteners. (2)
Land reform challenges. (2)

Natural disasters (accept examples). (2)

Unreliable rainfall. (2)

Decrease in global demand. (2)

Fluctuating global prices. (2)

Lack of investment. (2)

Sugar-tax / health promotion levy. (2)

Labour strikes. (2)

Loss of farm land due to development. (2)

Vulnerability to crime. (2)

[ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2)

2.3.3 (Summer) temperatures are relatively high in these two provinces. (2)
Adequate rainfall. (2)
Availability of labour force (skilled and unskilled). (2)
Government support programmes (accept examples). (2)
Availability of good infrastructure network. (2)
Availability of market. (2)
Availability of farm (fertile) land. (2)
[ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4)

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### Page 7

Geography P2

2.4

2.3.4

September 2025 Preparatory Examination

Contributes to the GDP. (2)

Stimulates economic growth. (2)

Development of infrastructure (accept examples). (2)
Create jobs opportunities. (2)

Enhance exports and trade. (2)

Earn foreign exchange / enables foreign capital to flow into the country. (2)
Stimulates the tertiary sector/ multiplier effect (accept examples). (2)

Stimulates the growth of rural economy. (2)
New skills are developed. (2)
[ANY FOUR]

DUBE TRADE PORT

2.4.1 An export-orientated manufacturing area near the transportation

2.4.2

2.4.3

2.4.4

2.4.5

hubs intended to attract foreign investment.
[CONCEPT]

Mahindra South Africa. (1)
Auto Investment Holdings Group (AIH Group). (1)
[ANY ONE]

It creates formal employment. (2)

Multiplier effect (accept examples). (2)

It increases industria! development (accept examples). (2)
It increases the amount of services rendered. (2)

It increases the development in infrastructure. (2)

Skills development/education. (2)

[ANY ONE]

It improves the standard of living (accept examples). (2)
It relieves poverty (accept examples). (2)

Allows for the upskilling of the workforce. (2)

Reduces social ills (accept examples). (2)

It increases buying power. (2)

[ANY TWO]

Availability of labour. (2)

Availability of harbour. (2)

Availability of an airport. (2)

Developed infrastructure (accept examples). (2)
Availability of raw material (accept examples). (2)
Availability of flat land. (2)

[ANY THREE]

Copyright Reserved

(4 x 2) (8)

(1 x 2) (2)

(1x 1)(1)

(1 x 2) (2)

(2 x 2) (4)

(3 x 2) (6)

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### Page 8

Geography P2 September 2025 Preparatory Examination

2.5 INFORMAL SECTOR

2.5.1 Informal sector refers to economic activities that are not regulated
by the government, do not require formal business registration,
and are often not taxed.
[CONCEPT] (1 x 2) (2)

2.5.2 Street vendors. (1)
No shelter for the informal businesses. (1)
Exposed to weather elements (1)
[ANY ONE] (1x 1)(1)

2.5.3. Formal employment is unable to create enough jobs/high. (2)
unemployment rate. (2)
High poverty levels. (2)
Failure to attract foreign investments. (2)
Weak economic growth. (2)
Failure to upskill job seekers/ limited access to education and training. (2)
Limited financial resources. (2)
Gender inequalities. (2)
Illegal immigrants cannot access formal employment. (2)
Fewer regulations. (2)
Cheaper (easy) to start. (2)
Flexible (can work from home) (2)
[ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4)

2.5.4 Tax base of the country is reduced. (2)
Less profit for formal businesses. (2)
Decrease employment in the formal sector. (2)
Strain in the public services. (2)
Government budget decreases. (2)
Result in the increase in counterfeit goods. (2)
Result in the increase in pollution (decreased aesthetics). (2)
[ANY TWO} (2 x 2) (4)

2.5.5 Provide designated trading areas (infrastructure). (2)
Offer training and support. (2)
Facilitate access to finance. (2)
Simplify the process of obtaining trading permits. (2)
Promote partnership and dialogue. (2)
[ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4)

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### Page 9

Geography P2 September 2025 Preparatory Examination

SECTION B

QUESTION 3: GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES

3.1. MAP SKILLS AND CALCULATIONS

3.1.1 Free State (1x 1) (1)
3.1.2 Latitude (1.x 1) (1)
3.1.3 20 (metres) (1x 1) (1)

vi

3.1.4 Gradient = ae

VI = 1431 -1427=4vm

HE = 7.5 cm x 100 = 750V”m

421875 (4x 1) (4)

3.1.5 Magnetic Bearing = True bearing + Magnetic declination v
= 137° + 22°16’ West of TN v (From 136° to 138°)
=159°16’v (Range 158°16’ to 160°16’) (3 x 1) (3)

3.2. MAP INTERPRETATION

3.2.1 B (Farming) (1.x 1) (1)

3.2.2 Dam. (1)
Reservoir. (1)
Silos. (1)
Roads. (1)
Furrows. (1)
Row of trees. (1)
Buildings. (1)
[ANY ONE] (1.x 1) (1)

3.2.3 Farms have names (Accept examples). (1)
Farms are large. (1)
They have clear boundaries. (1)
There is irrigation system (availability of dams). (1)
There are roads for transportation. (1)
Storages for farm produce (silos). (1)
[ANY TWO] (2 x 1) (2)

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### Page 10

Geography P2 September 2025 Preparatory Examination

3.2.4 (a) — Rural-urban fringe (1x 1)(1)

(b) | Away from the built-up area. (2)
Land is cheaper in this zone. (2)
Large open spaces. (2)
Located at the lowest point. (2)
Located closer to the dam. (2)
Closer to the river. (2) (1 x 2) (2)

3.2.5 Primary (1x 1) (1)

3.2.6 Conveyor belt. (1)
Excavation. (1)
Mine dump. (1)
Protected area. (1)
Reservoir. (1)

Dam. (1)
[ANY ONE] (1 x 1) (1)
3.2.7 Irregular street pattern (1 x 1) (1)

3.2.8 Ensures free flow of traffic. (2)
Minimizes travelling time (and saves fuel). (2)
It has an aesthetic appeal (not monotonous / not dull). (2)
Can conform to any landscape. (2) (1 x 2) (2)
[ANY ONE]

3.3. GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS)

3.3.1. The description (characteristics) of spatial objects/ geographical

features.
[CONCEPT] (1 x 2) (2)
3.3.2 B (620 learners) (1.x 1) (1)

3.3.3 (a) Road. (1)
River (non-perennial river). (1)
Track and hiking trail. (1)

Fence. (1)
[ANY ONE] (1 x 1)(1)
(b)  Trigonometrical beacon. (trig station)
Trees
[ANY ONE] (1.x 1) (1)
3.3.4 Topography/ relief (1x 1) (1)

3.3.5 Difficult to build on. (2)
Construction / building is expensive. (2)
Potential hazard (soil erosion, landslides, mudslide). (2)
[ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2)

TOTAL SECTION B: [30]
TOTAL MARKS: 150

Copyright Reserved

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