# Geography Grade 12 P2 Free State Mock 2025 Question Paper > Grade 12 Geography Paper 2 question paper from the Free State Mock Exam 2025, 16 pages. Read online or get the free PDF download, memo linked when available. - Page: https://www.hlayiso.com/library/geography-grade-12-nsc-p2-qp-september-2025-free-state/d46188a0-ebb7-4ce4-8a9b-8aec3cdbe140 - Updated: 2026-09-27 - Subject: Geography - Grade: Grade 12 - Document type: Question paper - Year: 2025 - Exam period: Free State Mock Exam - Paper: 2 - Curriculum: CAPS - Pages: 16 Breadcrumbs: [Home](https://www.hlayiso.com/) › [Library](https://www.hlayiso.com/library) › [Grade 12](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/grade-12) › [Geography](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/grade-12/geography) › [Geography Grade 12 P2 Free State Mock 2025 Question Paper](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/geography-grade-12-nsc-p2-qp-september-2025-free-state/d46188a0-ebb7-4ce4-8a9b-8aec3cdbe140) ## About this document Geography · Grade 12 · Free State Mock Exam · 2025. Question paper, 16 pages. Read online or download the PDF. Read it free online on the page above; download the PDF from there. ## Document text Text extracted from the PDF. Layout, diagrams and tables may not survive extraction. ### Page 1 education Department of Education FREE STATE PROVINCE PREPARATORY EXAMINATION GRADE 12 GEOGRAPHY P2 SEPTEMBER 2025 MARKS: 150 TIME: 3 HOURS This question paper consists of 16 pages. Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 2 FS/September 2025 INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION ts e - - 10. 11. 12. 13. This question paper consists of TWO sections: SECTION A QUESTION 1: RURAL AND URBAN SETTLEMENTS (60) QUESTION 2: ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY OF SOUTH AFRICA (60) SECTION B QUESTION 3: GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES (30) Answer ALL THREE questions. ALL diagrams are included in the QUESTION PAPER. Leave a line between the subsections of questions answered. Start EACH question at the top of a NEW page. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this question paper. Do NOT write in the margins of the ANSWER BOOK. Draw fully labelled diagrams when instructed to do so. Answer in FULL SENTENCES, except when you have to state, name, identify or list. Units of measurement MUST be indicated in your final answer, e.g. 1 020 hPa, 14 °C and 45 m. You may use a non-programmable calculator. You may use a magnifying glass. Write neatly and legibly. SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION FOR SECTION B 14. 15. 16. 17. A 1:50 000 topographic map 3422AA MOSSEL BAY and a 1:10 000 orthophoto map 3422AA MOSSEL BAY are provided. The area demarcated in RED/BLACK on the topographical map represents the area covered by the orthophoto map. Show ALL calculations. Marks will be allocated for steps in calculations. You must hand in the topographic and orthophoto map to the invigilator at the end of the examination. Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 3 FS/September 2025 SECTION A: RURAL AND URBAN SETTLEMENTS AND THE ECONOMIC QUESTION 1: RURAL AND URBAN SETTLEMENTS 1.1 1.2 GEOGRAPHY OF SOUTH AFRICA Choose a term/concept from COLUMN B that matches the statement in COLUMN A. Write only the letter Y or Z next to the question numbers (1.1.1 to 1.1.7) in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 1.1.8 Y. The function of a rural settlement multifunctional COLUMN A COLUMN B 1.1.1 The grouping of people, building|Y site structures, and communication networks | Z_ settlement that function as a unit 1.1.2 A... settlement is located high up, away | Y dry-point from the threat of flooding Z_wet-point 1.1.3 The piece of land where the settlement | Y_ site is found Z_ situation 1.1.4 A settlement where water is scarce and | Y_ wet-point developed around a water source Z_ dry-point 1.1.5 The shape of the setilement built along | Y cross-road the river Z_ linear 1.1.6 The exact Socation of a settlement in the | Y situation physical environment Z_ position Y Zz unifunctional (7 x 1) (7) Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. Choose the answer and write only the letter (A-D) next to the question numbers (1.2.1 to 1.2.8) in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 1.2.9 D. 12.7 12.2 ... is the movement of people from urban areas to rural areas. Rural-urban migration Urbanisation Rural depopulation Counterurbanisation 0uOWDDY The process whereby an increasing percentage of people live and work in urban rather than rural areas is known as ... urbanisation. urban expansion. urban growth. urban sprawl. CDOW> Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 4 FS/September 2025 1.2.3... is an increase in the number of people living in urban areas. A Urban blight B Urban growth Cc Urban sprawl D Urban renewal 1.2.4... is the uncontrolled and formless growth of urban areas. Urban growth Urban expansion Urban sprawl Urban decay GDOWD> 1.2.5 The physical growth of an urban settlement is referred to as urban ... A growth. B profile. Cc decay. D expansion. 1.2.6 The disadvantages of urbanisation for large cities are increased ... (i) crime. (ii) employment. (iii) | better opportunities. (iv) pollution. A (ii) and (iii) B (i) and (iv) Cc (iii) and (i) D (iii) and (iv) 1.2.7 In 2022, the world population was 4.52 billion compared to 3.43 billion rural population. This is the ... of urbanisation. A level B speed Cc growth D rate Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 5 FS/September 2025 1.2.8 The projected increase of 3.4% from 2018 to 2025 is known as ... YEAR % of people living in urban areas 2018 42.5% 2025 45.9% A growth. B speed. Cc rate. D level. (8x 1) (8) 1.3 Refer to the extract and table on land reform. ADDRESSING AND REDRESSING COLONIAL INJUSTICES — DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE This year marks 111 years since the Natives Land Act of 1913, which continues to haunt the majority of Black South Africans and has caused poverty, which is still prevalent in our country today. The then Department of Agriculture Land Reform & Rural Development (DALRRD) said since the inception of the land restriction process, significant progress has been made and remains dedicated to addressing the injustices of the past and accelerating the resolution of land claims. From 1998 to 2024 the Resolution of Land Rights (CRLR) has settled a total of 83 205 land claims lodged during the initial lodgement period. The CRLR has been actively handling little deeds and financial compensation in all provinces until 31 March 2024. Province Total Claims | wo ___ | 19 488 EC 17 258 KZN 16 179 GP 13 271 Limp 4 834 , NC 4 069 | NW 3 981 MP 3 450 FS 2675 1.3.1 Define the Land Reform Act. (2x 1) (2) 1.3.2 Describe the land restitution process. (1x1) (1) 1.3.3 Give TWO pieces of evidence from the extract and table to show that progress has been made regarding redressing land issues. Copyright reserved (2x 1) (2) Please turn over ### Page 6 FS/September 2025 1.3.4 Suggest ONE reason that causes the delay in the finalisation of land claims. (1.x 2) (2) 1.3.5 Give TWO measures the Department has implemented to speed up land claims. (2x 1) (2) 1.3.6 Explain how the success of land restitution will benefit people living in rural areas. (3 x 2) (6) 1.4 Refer to the extract, photographs A and B based on urban renewal. THE HEART OF JOHANNESBURG'S CBD According to the Centre for Development and Enterprise, 70% of South Africa's population will be urbanised by 2030, with more than 60% urbanised already thus putting strain on urban resources and infrastructure. The CBD of Johannesburg is no exception to this, as it is characterised by potholes, dilapidated and hijacked buildings, pollution, and crime that drives investors and businesses away. Regardless of these conditions, Mayers has invested R800 million in the CBD as he feels that: there will always be a need for the Johannesburg CBD due to its location and superior transport networks which will always render it as having a place in the larger city landscape. The new development of the dilapidated six blocks of Fox Street is host to the pristine (free from dirt) Jewel City - a managed mix-use precinct based on a ‘live-work-play’ model which includes about 1 125 residential units, 20 000 m? office space, popular retailers, fast food outlets and essential services, all clustered along a pedestrianised spine on Fox Street. There is a welcoming public space, with the planting of trees, a park, ample lighting, CCTV cameras and an evident security presence making it a safe haven. [Adapted from Johannesburg Development Agency] Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 7 1.5 FS/September 2025 1.4.1 Write the acronym CBD in full. (1x1) (1) 1.4.2 Describe TWO characteristics of the CBD evident in photo A. (2 x 1) (2) 1.4.3 Refer to the extract and explain what could have led to urban blight of the Johannesburg CBD. (1x2) (2) 1.4.4. Which term/concept best describes the process of change as shown in photos A to B? (1x2) (2) 1.4.5 Ina paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, explain the positive impact of the process (answer to QUESTION 1.4.4) on the CBD and Johannesburg. (4x 2) (8) Refer to the text below on informal settlement. FIRES AND STORMS HIT WESTERN CAPE INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS Storms have wreaked havoc over the past few days in Cape Town, leaving a trail of destruction and thousands homeless. On the other hand, The Gift of the Givers said they responded to the fire that broke out in Nyanga informal settlement, where a fire spread by gale force winds burnt and destroyed about 250 shacks and left about 1000 people homeless. One resident said: "| do not think the government cares as we still stay in shacks, and this is not the first time we have been affected by fires. | lost all my belongings, and | do not know how | am going to recover since | am unemployed." [Adapted from _https:www.vukaninews.co.za/news/hundreds-homeless-after-fires-5575ee64- Qe1a-418b-bc16-f73a9d90 1.5.1 What is an informal settlement? (1x2) (2) 1.5.2 How many shacks, according to the source, were burnt down? (1x1) (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 8 FS/September 2025 1.5.3 Quote evidence from the extract to show the destruction caused by fires in informal settlements. (2x1) (2) 1.5.4 Explain why informal settlements are vulnerable to storms and fires in the Western Cape. (2x 2) (4) 1.5.5 Suggest measures that the government of the Western Cape could implement to assist households in informal settlements. (3x 2) (6) [60] QUESTION 2: ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY OF SOUTH AFRICA 2.1. Choose the correct word(s) from those given in brackets. Write only the word(s) next to the question numbers (2.1.1 to 2.1.7) in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 2.1.8 Agriculture. 2.1.1 Extraction of raw materials from their natural environment is (primary/ secondary) activity. 2.1.2 (Foreign trade/International trade) is the exchange of goods and services between countries. 2.1.3 Value added to a raw material through processing is (beneficiation/ multiplier effect). 2.1.4 (Quaternary/Tertiary) sector deals with information collection, analysis and transformation. 2.1.5 Goods and services that are brought into the country (exports/ imports). 2.1.6 (SDI/IDZ) is a government programme to encourage investment and job creation in areas with high growth potential. 2.1.7 (Industrial decentralisation/Industrial centralisation) is the overconcentration of industries in a few core areas. (7x 1) (7) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 9 FS/September 2025 2.2 Various terms/concepts are provided as possible answers to complete the following statements. Choose the answer and write only the letter (A—D) next to the question numbers (2.2.1 to 2.2.8) in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 2.2.9 A. 2.2.1. The largest industrial region in South Africa. A Durban-Pinetown B Port Elizabeth-Uitenhage Cc South-Western Cape D Gauteng/PWV 2.2.2 The activity dominant in the Durban-Pinetown Industrial region. A Winemaking B Motor car assembly Cc Sugar refinery D Labour force 2.2.3. The physical factor influencing the location of the Durban-Pinetown Industrial Region. A Minerals B Harbour Cc Rainfall D Labour force 2.2.4 The only core industrial region that is landlocked. A Gauteng/PWV B Southwestern Cape Cc Port Elizabeth-Litenhage D Durban-Pinetown 2.2.5 TWO types of industries associated with bulk transport. {i) Ubiquitous (ii) Heavy (iii) Light (iv) | Raw-material orientated A (i) and (iii) B (ii) and (iv) Cc (ii) and (iii) D (i) and (iv) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 10 2.3 FS/September 2025 2.2.6 The core industrial region that benefits from King Shaka International Airport. A Gauteng/PWV B Durban-Pinetown Cc Southwestern Cape D Port Elizabeth Uitenhage 2.2.7 Electricity in the Gauteng/PWV industrial area is cheaper as it is located closer to ... A coalfields. B iron ore. Cc international harbour. D raw materials. 2.2.8 The hindering environmental factor for industrial development in South Africa is ... A pollution. B labour strikes. Cc load-shedding. D high transport costs. (8x 1) (8) Refer to the extract below on food insecurity. #World Food Day 16 October 2023 In its media statement on World Food Day, Oxfam South Africa has learnt from its programmatic and advocacy work with communities that, the pandemic and subsequent austerity measures have worsened inequality and food insecurity. As many as 35.5 million people in SADC countries lost their jobs in 2020 due to the pandemic, according to the report from Oxfam. High levels of hunger continue to be reinforced by low economic growth rates, high levels of unemployment and poor provision of basic services, including health, water, hygiene and sanitation. An estimated 58 million people in South Africa and the SADC region are facing hunger/starvation. In the Eastern Cape, Oxfam in partnership with small-scale farmers works to create sustainable and meaningful livelihoods for women by giving them seeds, supporting the establishment of food gardens and disbursing over R300 000 in revenue from the produce to participating farmers. [Source:https://www.oxfam.org.za>the-crisis-of-hunger-in-south-africa] Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 11 FS/September 2025 2.3.1 Define the concept of food insecurity. (1.x 2) (2) 2.3.2 According to the extract, how many people in South Africa and the SADC region face hunger? (1x1) (1) 2.3.3 Suggest how the poor provision of services, mentioned in the extract, contributes to food insecurity. (2x2) (4) 2.3.4 In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, explain how the South African government can assist people facing hunger. (4x 2) (8) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 12 24 FS/September 2025 Refer to the infographic below on gold mining. GOLD MINING HAS LOST ITS SHINE IN SOUTH AFRICA Gold mining output significantly affected South Africa's total mining output in 2024, having declined by over 80% over the past three decades, according to the Minerals Council of South Africa. Mining is the backbone of South Africa's economy; the sector employs over 477 000 people and pays the government over R140 billion in tax and royalties annually. The price of gold has significantly climbed over the past three decades to where it is now worth over $2000 per ounce. The declining output of gold can be attributed to South Africa almost having depleted its gold reserves. Free State: Gauteng: North-West: Mpumalanga: GOLD RESERVES PER PROVINCE (MILLION OUNCES: MOZ) 3.37 56.88 4.53 3.31 + Cape Town [Adapted from https://projectsig.co.za>gold-mining = Pretoria Johannesburg _ U aw Durban -in-south-africa 2.4.1. To which economic sector does gold mining belong? 2.4.2 Name the gold mine found in the Free State. Copyright reserved (1x1) (1) (1x1) (1) Please turn over ### Page 13 FS/September 2025 2.4.3. According to the table, which province has the highest gold reserves? (1x1) (1) 2.4.4 Quote evidence from the extract that gold mining is the backbone of South Africa's economy. (2x 2) (4) 2.4.5 Suggest TWO factors that resulted in the decline of gold production for the past three decades. (2x 2) (4) 2.4.6 Explain how the decline in gold production in South Africa will negatively impact the economy. (2x 2) (4) 2.5 Refer to the photo of the informal sector. [Adapted from https://groundup.org.za/article-informal-sector] 2.5.1 Define the concept informal sector. (1x2) (2) 2.5.2 Give an example of an informal activity in the photograph. (1x1) (1) 2.5.3, Give TWO reasons why the informal sector is so important for the informal trader. (2x1) (2) 2.5.4 Explain the choice of the taxi rank as an ideal location for the informal traders. (2x 2) (4) 2.5.5 Suggest sustainable strategies that the government and formal businesses could implement to strengthen the informal sector. (3 x 2) (6) (60) TOTAL SECTION A: 120 Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 14 FS/September 2025 SECTION B QUESTION 3: GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES GENERAL INFORMATION OM MOSSEL BAY ) Wee Nossel Bay Coordinates: 34°11'00"S 22°08'00°E Mossel Bay is a city in the Western Cape in South Africa. It lies at the western end of a stretch of scenic coastline called Garden Route and is a popular tourist destination, known for its natural beauty and beaches. Along with tourism, agriculture and fishing are key parts of the economy. The region has been known for producing aloe, vegetables, dairy products, cattle, ostriches, and timber. Natural gas is converted into liquid fuel at a large refinery, the first of its type. [Source: https:/Awww.google.com/search?Mossel Bay] The following English terms and their translations are shown on the topographic map: ENGLISH AFRIKAANS Diggings Delwerye Golf Course Gholfbaan River Rivier Sewerage Works Rioolwerke Nature Reserve Natuurreservaat Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 15 3.1 3.2 FS/September 2025 MAP SKILLS AND CALCULATIONS Refer to the orthophoto map and topographical map. 3.1.1. Which Ocean is nearest to Mossel Bay? A Atlantic B Indian Cc Pacific D Artic (1x1) (1) 3.1.2 The word scale of the topographic map means: A 1 cm represents 500 m B 1 cm represents 500 cm Cc 1 m represents 100 m D 1 cm represents 100 m (1x1) (1) 3.1.3 Why does the demarcated area of the orthophoto map appear smaller on the topographic map? (1x1) (1) 3.1.4 Calculate in km, the length of the landing strip in block A2 on the topographical map using the following measurements: Length: 1,6 cm (1x1) (1) 3.1.5 Calculate the magnetic declination on this map for the current year. (5x 1) (5) 3.1.6 Why is it necessary for the aviation industry to calculate the magnetic declination? (1x1) (1) MAP INTERPRETATION 3.2.1 The street pattern of Fairview in block E4 on the topographical map is (planned irregular/gridiron). (1x1) (1) 3.2.2 Give ONE advantage of the pattern (your answer to QUESTION 3.2.1) to traffic congestion. (1x2) (2) Refer to the holiday resort at 10 in block A4 on the orthophoto map. 3.2.3 Explain why the location of this resort is ideal for tourists. (2x 1) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 16 3.3 FS/September 2025 3.2.4 To which economic sector does tourism belong? (1x1) (1) Refer to the Mossel Bay Aerodrome and the landing strip in block D1 on the topographical map. 3.2.5 (a) Name the land-use zone in which the Aerodrome and landing strip are located. (1x1) (1) (b) Provide evidence from the topographical map that the Aerodrome and landing strip are ideally located. (1x2) (2) 3.2.6 Name the primary activity dominant in this area. (1x1) (1) 3.2.7 How is the activity (your answer to QUESTION 3.2.6) contributing to economic development in this region? (1x 2) (2) GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS) 3.3.1 What is buffering? (1x1) (1) 3.3.2 What evidence suggests that buffering is occurring along the Hartenbos River in block A3? (1x1) (1) 3.3.3. Explain why it is necessary to buffer the Hartenbos River. (1x2) (2) 3.3.4 A data layer is an information layer based on a specific theme. (a) Identify the infrastructure data layer at G in block D3. (1x1) (1) (b) Does the data layer (your answer to QUESTION 3.3.4 (a) represent (vector/raster) data? (1x1) (1) (c) What economic importance does it have to Mossel Bay? 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