# Geography Grade 12 P1 NSC Supplementary 2017 Memo (English) > Grade 12 Geography Paper 1 memorandum from the NSC Supplementary Exam 2017 (English), 15 pages. Read online or download the free PDF. - Page: https://www.hlayiso.com/library/geography-p1-feb-march-2017-memo-eng/f28e6f7d-3655-469b-a7b4-51c7f834ce53 - Updated: 2026-09-27 - Subject: Geography - Grade: Grade 12 - Document type: Memorandum - Year: 2017 - Exam period: NSC Supplementary Exam - Paper: 1 - Curriculum: CAPS - Pages: 15 Breadcrumbs: [Home](https://www.hlayiso.com/) › [Library](https://www.hlayiso.com/library) › [Grade 12](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/grade-12) › [Geography](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/grade-12/geography) › [Geography Grade 12 P1 NSC Supplementary 2017 Memo (English)](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/geography-p1-feb-march-2017-memo-eng/f28e6f7d-3655-469b-a7b4-51c7f834ce53) ## About this document Geography · Grade 12 · NSC Supplementary Exam · 2017. Memorandum, 15 pages. Read online or download the PDF. Read it free online on the page above; download the PDF from there. ## Document text Text extracted from the PDF. Layout, diagrams and tables may not survive extraction. ### Page 1 Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 12 GEOGRAPHY P1 FEBRUARY/MARCH 2017 MEMORANDUM MARKS: 225 This memorandum consists of 15 pages. Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 2 Downloaded from hlayiso.com Geography/P1 2 DBE/Feb. –Mar. 2017 NSC – Memorandum SECTION A QUESTION 1 1.1 1.1.1 14h00 (1) 1.1.2 Summer (1) 1.1.3 Trough (1) 1.1.4 Unstable (1) 1.1.5 NNE (1) 1.1.6 20 (1) 1.1.7 Higher (1) (7 x 1) (7) 1.2 1.2.1 C/confluence (1) 1.2.2 G/tributary (1) 1.2.3 E/interfluve (1) 1.2.4 A/drainage basin (1) 1.2.5 H/stream orders (1) 1.2.6 B/watershed (1) 1.2.7 F/river mouth (1) 1.2.8 D/source (1) (8 x 1) (8) 1.3 1.3.1 A Cold front (1) B Warm front (1) (2 x 1) (2) 1.3.2 Mature/Warm Sector Stage (1) (1 x 1) (1) 1.3.3 Anticlockwise movement of air occurs in the Northern Hemisphere (2) The USA is in the Northern Hemisphere (2) The warm sector is on the south side/the cold sector is on the north side of the fronts (2) [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) 1.3.4 Nimbostratus clouds have a great horizontal extent and therefore more wide spread rainfall (2) The warm front causes warm air to rise very slowly resulting in rainfall over a longer period (2) The gradient of the warm front is more gentle therefore rising air forms nimbostratus clouds (2) [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) 1.3.5 Heavy rainfall due to cumulonimbus clouds (2) Thunderstorms caused by strong updrafts of warm air (2) Lightening formed due to interaction with different parts of the same cloud or different clouds(2) The possible formation of hail due to strong updrafts and downdraft carrying water droplets to areas below freezing point (2) [ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4) 1.3.6 Air temperatures on the ground will drop (be cold) (2) Air pressure will increase (2) Wind speeds will decrease (2) Humidity will decrease (2) Unstable weather conditions will stop (2) [ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4) 1.4 1.4.1 … urban area (like towns or cities) is warmer than surrounding rural area (1) (1 x 1) (1) [CONCEPT] (1 x 1) (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 3 Downloaded from hlayiso.com Geography/P1 3 DBE/Feb. –Mar. 2017 NSC – Memorandum 1.4.2 Artificial surfaces e.g.tar surfaces (1) Concrete/Glass/metal buildings (1) Activities in the city such as traffic/use of machinery (1) Use of air conditioners (1) Crowded body heat (1) High building density/less dispersion of heat (1) Tall buildings block air flow (1) Tall buildings trap heat (1) Geometric shape of buildings increases surface area for heating (1) Multiple reflection of heat (1) Lack of vegetation (1) Lack of water bodies in the city (1) Pollution from industry and vehicles (1) [ANY TWO] (2 x 1) (2) 1.4.3 NEGATIVE Causes fatigue/dehydration (2) Heat stress/discomfort (2) Death among the elderly which are more at risk to higher temperatures (2) Costs people more money and uses greater levels of energy to air condition homes in urban areas (2) Increased costs because of greater water and energy use (2) Lower work productivity (2) More conducive breeding conditions for flies/mosquitoes increasing occurrence of diseases (2) POSITIVE Less heating required in colder climates (2) Reduced amount of ice and snow (2) Increase in precipitation (2) [ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4) 1.4.4 Paint buildings in lighter colours e.g. white which will cause more reflection (higher albedo) and lower air temperatures (2) Planting roof top gardens will cool temperatures down (2) Eco-friendly (green) buildings (2) More water bodies (lakes, fountains) will decrease air temperatures (2) Land use planning that coincides with prevailing wind directions, to cool cities (2) Decrease building density (2) Decrease building height (2) Creating more open green spaces/Plant more trees/develop green belts (2) Reduce number of cars entering the city (2) Introduce hybrid/electric cars (2) Promote lift clubs (2) Introduce park-and-ride schemes (2) Decentralisation of commercial/industrial activities (2) Encourage use of public transport and cycling (2) Reduction in air pollution (filters in chimneys) that traps heat in the city (2) [ANY FOUR] (4 x 2) (8) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 4 Downloaded from hlayiso.com Geography/P1 4 DBE/Feb. –Mar. 2017 NSC – Memorandum 1.5 1.5.1 Periodic/Non-perennial/Seasonal (1) (1 x 1) (1) 1.5.2 The water level in the river changes from one season to another (1) The river does not flow in the dry season, and flows in the rainy season (1) [ANY ONE] (1 x 1) (1) 1.5.3 The upper layer of the underground water surface (1) [CONCEPT] (1 x 1) (1) 1.5.4 (2 x 2) (4) 1.5.5 PRECIPITATION In the dry season the amount of precipitation is low resulting in low river discharge (2) The carrying capacity (volume of water) of the river is low and deposits the materials (2) In the rainy season the river has greater volume of water and less deposition takes place (2) The carrying capacity (volume of water) of the river is high and erodes the river channel (2) GRADIENT A gentle gradient reduces the velocity of a river and its ability to carry the load (2) A gentle gradient results in more deposition on the river bed (2) [ANY FOUR – MUST REFER TO PRECIPITATION AND GRADIENT] (4 x 2) (8) 1.6 1.6.1 A Turbulent (1) B Laminar (1) (2 x 1) (2) 1.6.2 The middle/lower course (1) (1 x 1) (1) 1.6.3 An uneven river bed (2) Rock outcrops (2) Presence of waterfall and rapids (2) Steeper gradient (2) [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 5 Downloaded from hlayiso.com Geography/P1 5 DBE/Feb. –Mar. 2017 NSC – Memorandum 1.6.4 The turbulent water is able to erode at a faster rate (2) The river can carry larger particles which increases abrasion (erosion) (2) Greater hydraulic action increases erosion (2) [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) 1.6.5 In A, the river has larger solid particles that did not change the colour of the water (water is clear) (2) In B most of the stream load has dissolved in the water and changes the colour of water (2) In B stream load is carried in suspension and give the water a darker/grey colour (2) Turbulent flow results in water having a white appearance (2) [ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4) 1.6.6 White water rafting (2) Turbulent waters create white water (2) Swirling currents (2) Skill required to row in this water (2) Possible rapids (2) The appeal of the sound of water (2) [ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4) [75] QUESTION 2 2.1 2.1.1 Warm (1) 2.1.2 Left (1) 2.1.3 Westerlies (1) 2.1.4 High (1) 2.1.5 Veering (1) 2.1.6 Stable (1) 2.1.7 Cumulonimbus (1) 2.1.8 Storm surge (1) (8 x 1) (8) 2.2. 2.2.1 A (1) 2.2.2 C (1) 2.2.3 D (1) 2.2.4 B (1) 2.2.5 E (1) 2.2.6 C (1) 2.2.7 A (1) (7 x 1) (7) 2.3 2.3.1 5/Five (1) (1 x 1) (1) 2.3.2 Steered by the tropical easterlies/trade winds (1) (1 x 1) (1) 2.3.3 Hurricanes (1) (1 x 1) (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 6 Downloaded from hlayiso.com Geography/P1 6 DBE/Feb. –Mar. 2017 NSC – Memorandum 2.3.4 Ocean surface temperatures of 26°C 0r higher (2) High humidity/High evaporation rate (2) Little surface friction (2) Light variable winds/wind shear (2) Calm conditions needed for the convergence of air (2) Upper air divergence to create a low pressure on the surface (2) In spiralling clouds lead to the development of the eye (2) Unstable atmospheric conditions for convection (2) Rapid condensation releases latent heat (2) Between latitudes of 5° and 25° N/S – active Coriolis force (2) [ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4) 2.3.5 ERRATIC PATH Ocean waters are heated and cooled differently and this influences the path taken by the cyclone(2) Wind direction varies from day to day thus influencing the path taken by the cyclone (2) Cyclones experience friction over landmasses and lose momentum (2) Combination of wind direction in the tropical cyclone and the direction of the winds in the wind belt (2) PROBLEMS THIS POSES FOR THE DISASTER MANAGEMENT TEAMS Don't know where cyclone will hit next (2) Insufficient time to predict location of storm surges (2) They have insufficient time to evacuate people from high risk areas (2) Don't have sufficient time to gather emergency services (2) Insufficient time to plan for effective evacuation plans in advance (2) Unable to give people advance notice to stock up on emergency food/water/medical supplies (2) Farmers are not given sufficient time to move livestock to areas of safety/higher ground (2) Cost implications if areas are evacuated unnecessarily (2) [ANY FOUR – MUST REFER TO ERRATIC PATH AND PROBLEMS] (4 x 2) (8) 2.4 2.4.1 B Kalahari High/Continental High (1) (1 x 1) (1) 2.4.2 Lower temperatures over the interior causes the air to subside and create a high pressure (2) Less heating of land surface decreases convection (2) [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) 2.4.3 Subsiding/descending air heats up and does not allow for condensation to take place (2) Subsiding/descending air does not release moisture (2) It is located over a cold ocean (2) (1 x 2) (2) [ANY ONE] Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 7 Downloaded from hlayiso.com Geography/P1 7 DBE/Feb. –Mar. 2017 NSC – Memorandum 2.4.4 In summer they occupy a southerly position because the sun is over the Tropic of Capricorn and all pressure systems move south with the apparent movement of the sun (2) In summer due to the intense heating of the land the high pressure systems move further out to sea (2) In winter they occupy a more northerly position as the sun is overhead the Tropic of Cancer and all pressure systems move north with the apparent movement of the sun (2) In winter they are close to the land because the land is cold (2) [ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4) 2.4.5 Inversion layer is above the escarpment and allow the moisture to feed over the interior (2) Allows warm moist air to rise and condense on the windward side of the escarpment (2) Intense low pressure over the land in summer leads to the convergence of air (2) Moist air from the South Indian High feeds into this low pressure over the land (2) Increased evaporation due to higher temperatures over the Indian in summer and this moisture feeds into the land (2) South Indian High is away from the coastline and the onshore winds have a greater fetch resulting in more moisture over the land (2) [ANY THREE] (3 x 2) (6) 2.5 2.5.1 When a river is re-energised/increases its erosive abilities (1) [CONCEPT] (1 x 1) (1) 2.5.2 A change in base level through tectonic uplift (2) A lowering in sea level (2) A larger volume of water in the river through a sustained/permanent increased rainfall (2) River capture (2) A rapidly flowing tributary flowing into the main stream (2) [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) 2.5.3 Shows the new point of downward erosion (2) Shows the point where rejuvenation occurs (2) Shows where the previous/old base level of erosion was (2) [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) 2.5.4 The river will become ungraded due to renewed downward erosion (2) Restarts the grading process due to renewed erosion (2) [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) 2.5.5 Old flood plains form new terraces as a result of downward erosion (2) Downward erosion causes valleys within valleys (2) Meanders became incised (entrenched meanders) due to down cutting (downward erosion) (2) A knickpoint waterfall can form due to a drop in sea level or tectonic uplift (2) [ANY FOUR] (4 x 2) (8) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 8 Downloaded from hlayiso.com Geography/P1 8 DBE/Feb. –Mar. 2017 NSC – Memorandum 2.6 2.6.1 A catchment area is the entire drainage basin of a river from where it receives water (1) [CONCEPT] (1 x 1) (1) 2.6.2 65% of South Africa receives less than 500 mm average annual rainfall (2) (1 x 2) (2) 2.6.3 Removal of natural vegetation (2) Desertification (2) Monoculture/Poor farming techniques (2) Over-utilisation of water (2) Livestock farming in catchment areas destroys the vegetation (2) Veld fires (destroy vegetation which increases erosion) (2) Removal of water from upper reaches for the purposes of water transfer (2) Location of industries on river banks (2) Mining activities impact on groundwater (2) [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) 2.6.4 Wetlands must be conserved and restored (2) Legislation is necessary to control what is discharged into the rivers (2) Fines for dumping into and littering of rivers (2) Clearing of vegetation and planting of alien trees must be controlled (2) Construction and settlement on the floodplain must be avoided (2) Afforestation to reduce run-off and erosion (2) Constant testing to monitor the state of the river (2) Buffering of rivers (2) Conserve natural vegetation along rivers (2) Awareness campaigns (2) [ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4) 2.6.5 Water shortages (2) Polluted water Increases exposure to health hazards (2) Price of water will increase (2) Production costs will increase (2) Food production will decrease/Low agricultural yield (2) Food prices will increase (2) Less area to grow crops (2) Reduced quality of water due to increased pollution (2) Decreases biodiversity (2) Increases risk of flooding (2) Negative impact on rivers for recreation/tourism (2) [ANY THREE] (3 x 2) (6) [75] Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 9 Downloaded from hlayiso.com Geography/P1 9 DBE/Feb. –Mar. 2017 NSC – Memorandum SECTION B QUESTION 3 3.1 3.1.1 Rural (1) 3.1.2 Urban (1) 3.1.3 Urban (1) 3.1.4 Rural (1) 3.1.5 Rural (1) 3.1.6 Urban (1) 3.1.7 Rural (1) 3.1.8 Urban (1) (8 x 1) (8) 3.2 3.2.1 Market orientated (1) 3.2.2 Ubiquitous (1) 3.2.3 Footloose (1) 3.2.4 Raw material-orientated/heavy (1) 3.2.5 Heavy (1) 3.2.6 Bridge (1) 3.2.7 Light (1) (7 x 1) (7) 3.3 3.3.1 Dispersed/isolated (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.3.2 No other settlement visible nearby (2) Far from neighbouring settlements/No neighbouring settlements in sight (2) [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) 3.3.3 The large size of the farm (2) Shows many fields (2) Large dam (2) Shows many buildings used for different functions on the farm stead (2) Private landownership (2) [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) 3.3.4 Great distance from other farmers (2) Isolated and can become easy targets (2) [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) 3.3.5 Flat land suitable for cultivation (2) Flat land would enable the use of machinery for commercial farming (2) Availability of water from the dam (2) Intensive farming of the land indicates that the soil is fertile (2) Access to road to transport products from the farm (2) Large space available for farming (2) [ANY FOUR] (4 x 2) (8) 3.4 3.4.1 It is the process of compensating people who lost their land due to forced removals (1) [CONCEPT] (1 x 1) (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 10 Downloaded from hlayiso.com Geography/P1 10 DBE/Feb. –Mar. 2017 NSC – Memorandum 3.4.2 75 400 land claims (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.4.3 KwaZulu-Natal (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.4.4 The total amount awarded is greater than the land costs (2) The land cost is less than the total amount awarded (2) [The relationship must be mentioned] [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) 3.4.5 Land owners wanted a higher price above market value (2) Land had been developed and therefore demanded a higher price (2) In order to ensure land restitution is successful, government had to pay a higher price (2) Bribery and corruption (2) [ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4) 3.4.6 To redress the injustices of Apartheid (2) To reduce poverty in rural areas (2) To promote growth and economic development (2) For the reconciliation and stability of the country (2) [ANY THREE] (3 x 2) (6) 3.5 3.5.1 Informal traders don't have a permanent structure to sell their goods or provide their services from (1) Informal traders are located on street corners or pavements (1) (2 x 1) (2) 3.5.2 It is not quantifiable/cannot be measured/do not declare income (2) No legal registration of the informal business exists (2) Panellists are not completely sure of the exact contribution to GDP that the informal sector makes to the economy (2) Due to the high employment rate many people are involved in the informal sector (2) [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) 3.5.3 Lack of funding (2) Lack of education or business development programme (2) Lack of infrastructure (2) Lack of property or rentable property (2) [ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4) 3.5.4 ADVANTAGES More people can work and earn a living (2) Lower unemployment rate (2) Can become semi-skilled (2) Alleviates poverty (2) Fewer people will depend on social grants (2) Reduces crime as people have income (2) Means for people to escape poverty (2) Contributes to the economy in other sectors (2) Competition reduces prices in formal sector (2) Acts as tourist attractions to see craftsmen at work (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 11 Downloaded from hlayiso.com Geography/P1 11 DBE/Feb. –Mar. 2017 NSC – Memorandum DISADVANTAGES Lowers income of formal businesses (2) Associated with knock-off and counterfeit goods which impact on legal business (2) Associated with illegal importation of goods (2) Little/No contribution to the GDP (2) No contribution to tax or receiver of revenue (2) Money spent on keeping the area clean (2) Blocks entrances to formal businesses (2) Dirty environment creates health hazard (2) [ANY FOUR – MUST REFER TO ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES] . (4 x 2) (8) 3.6 3.6.1 When people live in fear of hunger and starvation (1) When people do not have access to enough nutritious food (1) [ANY ONE] [CONCEPT] (1 x 1) (1) 3.6.2 'The majority of these people live in developing countries' (1) '75% of the world's hungry live in rural areas' (1) The majority of rural people live in countries on the African and Asian continents (1) [ANY ONE] (1 x 1) (1) 3.6.3 50% of the small scale farmers grow subsistence crops (2) The small scale farmers rely on family labour (2) [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) 3.6.4 Subsistence farmers only grow enough food for their own needs (2) Vulnerable to hunger and starvation with no surplus in times of drought (2) Subsistence farmers have extended families (2) They create a large burden on themselves with more family members to feed or care for (2) Subsistence farmers do not have access to capital (2) No access to modern machinery to increase production (2) Out-dated farming methods (2) No subsidy from the government (2) No exposure to recent farming research (2) [ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4) 3.6.5 Consolidation of smaller farms (2) Roof top farming in urban areas (2) Planting of drought resistant crops (2) Planting surplus in good seasons (2) Providing funding to small-scale farmers (2) Empowering subsistence farmers on scientific method of farming (2) Genetically Modified Foods that are more resistant to climate change can be grown to feed a larger world population (2) Governments can encourage family planning so that the world population grows at a lesser rate; less people to feed in the future (2) Encourage people to grow food in their own gardens (2) Combat poverty to enable people to buy food (2) Create job opportunities to earn money to buy food (2) [ANY THREE] (3 x 2) (6) [75] Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 12 Downloaded from hlayiso.com Geography/P1 12 DBE/Feb. –Mar. 2017 NSC – Memorandum QUESTION 4 4.1 4.1.1 E/urban growth (1) 4.1.2 C/rural-urban fringe (1) 4.1.3 F/urban blight (1) 4.1.4 B/urban sprawl (1) 4.1.5 A/urban morphology (1) 4.1.6 H/urban hierarchy (1) 4.1.7 G/urban expansion (1) (7 x 1) (7) 4.2 4.2.1 D/quaternary (1) 4.2.2 B/tertiary (1) 4.2.3 C/export market (1) 4.2.4 C/gross Domestic Product (1) 4.2.5 A/PWV/Gauteng (1) 4.2.6 D/industrial centralisation (1) 4.2.7 B/secondary activities (1) 4.2.8 D/Port Elizabeth-Uitenhage (1) (8 x 1) (8) 4.3 4.3.1 The movement of people from rural to urban areas (1) [CONCEPT] (1 x 1) (1) 4.3.2 Employment opportunities (2) Better salaries (2) Improved housing conditions (2) Improved educational/medical facilities (2) Better service delivery (2) Improved living standards (2) [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) 4.3.3 Forced to seek employment in the informal sector with lower wages (2) Failure to find employment (2) Inadequate skills to qualify for formal employment in the formal sector (2) Lack of housing provision (2) Seek refuge in informal settlements to reduce costs of living which results in poorer living conditions (2) Cost of living in the urban areas are high (2) Expected service delivery not met as it is strained/overburdened (2) When coming to cities people are exposed to social ills (2) [ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4) 4.3.4 Lack of housing leads to the growth of informal settlements (2) High levels of unemployment (2) Increased in levels of crime/social ills due to unskilled people who cannot find jobs (2) Insufficient services such as water, electricity (2) Unhygienic conditions prevail as waste removal in the city is under strain (2) Traffic congestion (2) Pollution increases (2) Overcrowding and lack of shelter leads to the rapid spread of diseases such as tuberculosis (2) [ANY FOUR] (4 x 2) (8) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 13 Downloaded from hlayiso.com Geography/P1 13 DBE/Feb. –Mar. 2017 NSC – Memorandum 4.4 4.4.1 View of the city from the side/shows high buildings in the centre and lower buildings on the outskirts/shows the skyline (1) (1 x 1) (1) 4.4.2 High land values and rentals (2) Competition to locate businesses in the most accessible part of the city (2) Intensive/maximum use of the land in the CBD (2) [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) 4.4.3 Buildings are old and dilapidated as the landlords do not maintain them (2) It is the future expansion area for the CBD , thus landlords do not maintain the buildings (2) [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) 4.4.4 High land values (2) High rentals (2) Traffic congestion (inaccessible) discourages people from coming to the CBD (2) High levels of crime that make the CBD unsafe (2) Lack of parking facilities creates inconvenience (2) High pollution levels due to industrial activities and vehicles (2) Unkept and unhygienic streets (2) Lack of space for expansion (2) [ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4) 4.4.5 The status can be lowered if (2) The CBD is no longer accessible (2) Buildings are abandoned (2) Businesses are occupied by foreigners (2) The CBD is dominated by low quality/inferior goods (2) Buildings are dilapidated and not maintained (2) Illegal occupation of vacant buildings (2) City no longer attractive/looses aesthetic appeal (2) OR The status can be increased if (2) The CBD becomes less overcrowded (2) Less motor vehicles in the CBD (2) Safer for pedestrians in the CBD (2) Reduced pollution in the CBD (2) CBD becomes more attractive for investors (2) [ONE FOR STATUS AND TWO FOR REASONS] (3 x 2) (6) 4.5 4.5.1 'as it struggles to recover from 23 000 job losses since April and falling commodity prices from key markets like China' (1) (1 x 1) (1) 4.5.2 7% (1) (1 x 1) (1) 4.5.3 Primary, Secondary and Tertiary (2) [MUST INDICATE ALL THREE SECTORS – NOT EXAMPLES FROM TEXT] (1 x 2) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 14 Downloaded from hlayiso.com Geography/P1 14 DBE/Feb. –Mar. 2017 NSC – Memorandum 4.5.4 It leads to less demand for metals, therefore production will decrease (2) Income from exports would decrease (2) It would affect the trade balance of the country negatively (2) It would have a negative impact on the GDP of the country (2) The company would make less profit (2) Lowering of profits would result in job cuts (2) [ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4) 4.5.5 Labour unrest makes mines unprofitable and forces them to close (2) The load shedding causes loss of revenue and income as activities cease for hours which means mines and metal companies are less productive (2) Poor mine safety leads to loss of skilled mine workers (2) HIV and Aids resulted in many skilled workers dying due to this pandemic (2) Mines are far away from harbours thus increasing the price of exported minerals making them uncompetitive against low foreign prices (2) Export of unprocessed minerals decreases gross profits and reduces their sustainability (2) Minerals are non-renewable making it difficult to plan for the future (2) Geothermal gradients force the mining sector to spend more money on air conditioning as it very hot underground(2) Poor state of railways means that metals cannot be transported easily and more cheaply to the ports (2) Possible nationalisation discourages investment (2) Dependence on foreign markets (2) Income is dependent on exchange rates (2) The increasing cost of water and water shortages (2) Fluctuating market prices (2) Faster growth rates in other sectors of the economy such as manufacturing and finance (2) Environmental factors such rehabilitation increase production costs (2) Foreign investors are concerned about labour regulations (2) Laws of a fixed minimum wage add to production costs (2) [ANY FOUR] (4 x 2) (8) 4.6 4.6.1 Promotes growth in those parts of South Africa that are underdeveloped but where there is a potential for growth (1) [CONCEPT] (1 x 1) (1) 4.6.2 Mozambique (1) (1 x 1) (1) 4.6.3 To provide access between the coastal markets found from East London towards Durban (2) To provide jobs because of the poverty in this area (2) Scenic beauty for ecotourism development (2) Resources in this part of the country are bountiful and forms the basis for industrial development (2) [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 15 Downloaded from hlayiso.com Geography/P1 15 DBE/Feb. –Mar. 2017 NSC – Memorandum 4.6.4 Construction of transport roads would make the area more accessible (2) Better roads will mean greater safety for tourists when travelling (2) Travel to remote destinations become possible (2) Greater variety of curios from local communities (2) Greater exposure to different cultures and traditions (2) Access to the Kruger National Park is vastly improved (2) Emerging rural tourism opportunities (2) Ecotourism will encourage the development of new game lodges, and camping facilities (2) Development of cultural tourism (2) Gaming tourism will increase due to the development of new casinos in each major town (2) Ownership of newly developed enterprises along these routes stabilises tourism and promotes growth and educational opportunities in the tourism sector (2) [ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4) 4.6.5 Generates economic growth where local communities are able to sell their wares (2) Generates employment opportunities in local communities (2) Promotes skills development to the community members (2) Enables the growth of SMME (Small and Medium Micro Enterprises) (2) Upgrades local infrastructure (2) Encourages tourism, training of guides and selling of crafts (2) Greater income for local communities (2) Better standard of living (2) Money generated is used to develop community projects (2) Develop ethnic/cultural pride (2) [ANY THREE] (3 x 2) (6) [75] GRAND TOTAL: 225 Copyright reserved ## Related documents - [Geography P1 Feb March 2017 Annexure Afr](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/geography-p1-feb-march-2017-annexure-afr/81849509-906c-40aa-b003-95dc067a7783) — Geography · Addendum · 2017 · Afr - [Geography P1 Feb March 2017 Annexure Eng](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/geography-p1-feb-march-2017-annexure-eng/15c60b87-2fa2-4612-8693-2fd3f8edd84d) — Geography · Addendum · 2017 · Eng - [GEOGRAPHY P1 GR12 MEMO SEPT2017 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