# Geography Grade 12 P1 Eastern Cape Mock 2019 QP (Eng)

> Grade 12 Geography Paper 1 question paper from the Eastern Cape Mock Exam 2019 (English), 16 pages. Read online or download the free PDF.

- Page: https://www.hlayiso.com/library/geography-p1-gr12-qp-sept2019-english/163e5499-d825-458c-9f96-f94970355b77
- Updated: 2026-09-27
- Subject: Geography
- Grade: Grade 12
- Language: English
- Document type: Question paper
- Year: 2019
- Exam period: Eastern Cape Mock Exam
- Paper: 1
- Curriculum: CAPS
- Pages: 16

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## About this document

Geography · Grade 12 · Eastern Cape Mock Exam · 2019 · English. Question paper, 16 pages. Read online or download the PDF.

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                            NATIONAL
                       SENIOR CERTIFICATE

                               GRADE 12

                        SEPTEMBER 2019

                         GEOGRAPHY P1

MARKS:   225

TIME:    3 hours

                   This question paper consists of 16 pages.

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2                                  GEOGRAPHY P1                          (EC/SEPTEMBER 2019)

 INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION

 1.    This question paper consists of FOUR questions.

 2.    Answer any THREE questions of 75 marks each.

 3.    All diagrams are included in the ANNEXURE.

 4.    Number the questions correctly according to the numbering system used in
       this question paper.

 5.    Leave a line between subsections of questions answered.

 6.    Start EACH question on a NEW page.

 7.    Do NOT write in the margins of the ANSWER BOOK.

 8.    Illustrate your answers with labelled diagrams, where possible.

 9.    The mark allocation is as follows: (2 x 1) (2) means that TWO facts are
                                          required for ONE mark each.
                                          (2 x 2) (4) means that TWO facts are
                                          required for TWO marks each.

 10.   If words/action verbs like Name, Identify, Provide, Classify, are used in a
       question, ONE-word answers are acceptable.
       If words/action verbs like Discuss, Define, Explain, Comment, Evaluate,
       Justify, Suggest and Substantiate are used in a question, FULL sentences
       or phrases are required.
       All paragraph questions must be answered in FULL sentences.

 11.   Units of measurements MUST be indicated in your final answers, e.g.
       1020 hPa, 14 °C or 45 m.

 12.   Write neatly and legibly.

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(EC/SEPTEMBER 2019)                          GEOGRAPHY P1                                3

 SECTION A: CLIMATE, WEATHER AND GEOMORPHOLOGY

 QUESTION 1

 1.1   Refer to FIGURE 1.1 showing the movement of Hurricane Florence.

       1.1.1    What evidence suggests that Hurricane Florence is in the Northern
                Hemisphere?

       1.1.2    Indicate the season that Hurricane Florence is most likely to have
                formed in.

       1.1.3    Name the stage of development of Hurricane Florence on
                WED AM 150 MPH.

       1.1.4    In which general direction is Hurricane Florence moving in?

       1.1.5    Give the number that Hurricane Florence would represent for the
                season that it has formed.

       1.1.6    On what day did Hurricane Florence start to dissipate?

       1.1.7    What category has Hurricane Florence being classified as?

       1.1.8    State the approximate ocean temperature that was a necessary
                condition for Hurricane Florence to originate.        (8 x 1)                (8)

 1.2   FIGURE 1.2 shows slip-off and under-cut slopes. Match each of the
       descriptions below with one of the slopes.

       1.2.1    The water flows more rapidly

       1.2.2    The shape of this slope is convex

       1.2.3    This slope is characterised by more erosion

       1.2.4    A river cliff is likely to form on this slope

       1.2.5    This slope is also referred to as the inner bank

       1.2.6    The shape of this slope is concave

       1.2.7    More deposition occurs on this slope                           (7 x 1)       (7)

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4                                  GEOGRAPHY P1                             (EC/SEPTEMBER 2019)

 1.3 FIGURE 1.3 is a diagram showing the influence of anticyclones on the
     weather and climate of South Africa.

       1.3.1    What season is depicted in sketch X?                            (1 x 1)    (1)

       1.3.2    Name anticyclones A, B and C.                                   (3 x 1)    (3)

       1.3.3    State ONE characteristic of anticyclone B.                      (1 x 1)    (1)

       1.3.4    Explain why anticyclones at A and C assume different positions in
                sketch Y.                                                  (1 x 2)         (2)

       1.3.5    Write a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines explaining how the
                changing positions of anticyclones A and C in sketch Y affects rainfall
                patterns in South Africa.                                      (4 x 2)     (8)

 1.4 Study FIGURE 1.4 which is based on the formation of fog in a valley.

       1.4.1    Name the type of fog that has developed on the valley floor.    (1 x 1)    (1)

       1.4.2    List ONE condition evident from the sketch that would favour the
                formation of fog.                                         (1 x 1)          (1)

       1.4.3    Name wind A that occurs mainly at night in the valley.          (1 x 1)    (1)

       1.4.4    Why does the wind mentioned in QUESTION 1.4.3 move
                downwards?
                                                              (1 x 2)                      (2)

       1.4.5    Discuss the role that the wind mentioned in QUESTION 1.4.3 would
                play in the formation of fog.                             (2 x 2)          (4)

       1.4.6    Explain the negative impact that the formation of fog would have on
                people living in a valley.                                   (3 x 2)       (6)

 1.5 Study FIGURE 1.5 which shows two types of drainage patterns.

       1.5.1    What is a drainage pattern?                                     (1 x 1)    (1)

       1.5.2    Name drainage patterns A and B.                                 (2 x 1)    (2)

       1.5.3    Differentiate between drainage patterns A and B.                (1 x 2)    (2)

       1.5.4    Account for the short tributaries in drainage pattern B.        (1 x 2)    (2)

       1.5.5    In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, explain the role that
                underlying igneous rocks play in the formation of different drainage
                patterns.                                                     (4 x 2)      (8)

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(EC/SEPTEMBER 2019)                         GEOGRAPHY P1                                    5

 1.6   FIGURE 1.6 shows a profile of a drainage basin.

       1.6.1    Define the term cross (transverse) profile.                      (1 x 1)    (1)

       1.6.2    Name the type of discharge in the upper course of the drainage basin.
                                                                              (1 x 1)       (1)

       1.6.3    Suggest ONE possible reason to support your answer to
                QUESTION 1.6.2.                                                  (1 x 1)    (1)

       1.6.4    Refer to the middle course of the river.

                (a    Draw cross (transverse) profiles of the valley in the middle and
                )     lower course of the river.                                (2 x 2)     (4)

                (b    With reference to the cross profiles, (answer to QUESTION 1.6.4
                )     (a)) discuss the difference between the shape of the valley in the
                      middle and lower courses.                                  (2 x 2)    (4)

       1.6.5    Discuss the role that fluvial processes play in the development of
                deltas in the lower course of the river.                    (2 x 2)         (4)
                                                                                           [75]

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6                                  GEOGRAPHY P1                                (EC/SEPTEMBER 2019)

 QUESTION 2

 2.1   Choose a term in COLUMN B that matches the climatological description in
       COLUMN A. Write only the letter (A–H) next to the question number
       (2.1.1–2.1.7) in the ANSWER BOOK, for example 1.1.8 J.

                       COLUMN A                                   COLUMN B
       2.1.1   A zone between two air masses of A             berg wind
               different moisture content

       2.1.2   Occurs in summer when the land is B            offshore wind
               heated intensely

       2.1.3   Movement of air from sea to land         C     moisture front

       2.1.4   Hot, dry winds that blow from the D            coastal low
               interior

       2.1.5   Causes moist air to be drawn onto E            line thunderstorms
               the inland in summer

       2.1.6   Forms in summer as a result of F               cut-off low
               moist air flowing inland from a north
               easterly direction

       2.1.7   A small, weakly developed cell with G          heat low
               a radius of 100 kilometres

                                                        H     onshore wind
                                                                                    (7 x 1) (7)

 2.2   Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions.
       Choose the answer and write only the letter (A–D) next to the question
       number (2.2.1–2.2.8) in the ANSWER BOOK, for example 2.2.9 A.

       2.2.1    Refers to the highest level of water found underground:

                A     Base level
                B     Base flow
                C     Water table
                D     Groundwater

       2.2.2    Rivers that only flow after heavy rainfall are called ... rivers.

                A     periodic
                B     permanent
                C     exotic
                D     episodic

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(EC/SEPTEMBER 2019)                        GEOGRAPHY P1                                     7

       2.2.3    A view of the river from the source to the mouth is known as a ...
                profile.

                A      cross
                B      transverse
                C      longitudinal
                D      drainage

       2.2.4    The term used to describe the process when a river begins to erode
                downwards after reaching a graded state.

                A      Rejuvenation
                B      River capture
                C      Abstraction
                D      Knickpoint

       2.2.5    The river is older than the underlying rock structure in a ... drainage
                pattern.

                A      deranged
                B      antecedent
                C      parallel
                D      superimposed

       2.2.6    The point where one river captures another is known as the ...

                A      beheaded stream.
                B      dry gap.
                C      elbow of capture.
                D      river gravel.

       2.2.7    A ... is a curve or bend along a river.

                A      levee
                B      meander
                C      ox-bow lake
                D      floodplain

       2.2.8    The highest lying land that changes its position during abstraction is
                called a(n) ...

                A      interfluve.
                B      terrace.
                C      mesa.
                D      watershed                                                (8 x 1)    (8)

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8                                 GEOGRAPHY P1                             (EC/SEPTEMBER 2019)

 2.3   Study FIGURE 2.3, a lifecycle of a mid-latitude cyclone.

       2.3.1    What evidence indicates that this mid-latitude cyclone is in the
                northern hemisphere?                                      (1 x 1)         (1)

       2.3.2    (a)    State ONE characteristic of the mature stage of a mid-latitude
                       cyclone.                                               (1 x 1)     (1)

                (b)    Differentiate between the main type of clouds associated with
                       the cold front and the warm front in the mature stage.
                                                                              (1 x 2)     (2)

       2.3.3    Discuss how the occlusion stage of the mid-latitude cyclone is
                reached.                                                (2 x 2)           (4)

       2.3.4    Draw a labelled cross section to represent a cold front.       (3 x 1)    (3)

       2.3.5    Comment on the positive impact that mid-latitude cyclones have on
                farming and tourists in the Western Cape.                  (2 + 2)        (4)

 2.4   Refer to FIGURE 2.4 based on an urban heat island.

       2.4.1    What do you understand by the term microclimate?               (1 x 1)    (1)

       2.4.2    Name ONE factor evident in the sketch that determines an urban
                microclimate.                                           (1 x 1)           (1)

       2.4.3    How do we know that a heat island is depicted in the sketch? (1 x 1)      (1)

       2.4.4    Discuss how the high density of buildings in the sketch contribute to
                the high temperatures over the city.                          (2 x 2)     (4)

       2.4.5    In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, suggest possible
                strategies that could be implemented to reduce the effects of a heat
                island.                                                       (4 x 2)     (8)

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(EC/SEPTEMBER 2019)                       GEOGRAPHY P1                                      9

 2.5   Study FIGURE 2.5, photographs of two fluvial landforms.

       2.5.1    In which course of the river do these TWO fluvial landforms mainly
                form?                                                       (1 x 1)        (1)

       2.5.2    Identify the TWO fluvial landforms illustrated in sketches A and B.
                                                                             (2 x 1)       (2)

       2.5.3    (a)     Discuss how fluvial landform A develops.                (2 x 2)    (4)

                (b)     Suggest a reason why rafters (someone who rows an
                        inflatable boat) would prefer to row along fluvial landform A
                        rather than fluvial landform B.                         (1 x 2)    (2)

       2.5.4    (a)     State TWO economic advantages of fluvial landform B.
                                                                           (2 x 1)         (2)

                (b)     Explain the process that would result in fluvial landform B
                        retreating upstream.                                    (2 x 2)    (4)

 2.6   Study FIGURE 2.6 based on river management in South Africa.

       2.6.1    What is river management?                                       (1 x 1)    (1)

       2.6.2    How can the agricultural activities depicted in the sketch pollute our
                rivers?                                                         (1 x 2)    (2)

       2.6.3    State ONE negative impact that the trees in the sketch can have on
                the drainage area of the river.                             (1 x 2)        (2)

       2.6.4    Why would flash floods be a danger to people living too close to this
                river?                                                       (1 x 2)       (2)

       2.6.5    In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, suggest sustainable
                management strategies that could be put in place to reduce the effect
                of industries on river pollution.                             (4 x 2)      (8)
                                                                                          [75]

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10                                  GEOGRAPHY P1                             (EC/SEPTEMBER 2019)

 SECTION B:          RURAL AND URBAN SETTLEMENTS AND SOUTH AFRICAN
                     ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY

 QUESTION 3

 3.1 Choose the correct word(s) from those given in brackets. Write only the word(s)
     next to the question number (3.1.1–3.1.8) in the ANSWER BOOK.

       3.1.1    Cattle farming is usually an example of (small scale/large scale)
                farming.

       3.1.2    (Dry/Wet) point settlements are located on hills because water poses
                a threat.

       3.1.3    Railways and airports influence the (situation/site) of a settlement.

       3.1.4    The (RDP/Good Hope Plan) was implemented to address social
                injustice issues in rural areas in the post-apartheid era.

       3.1.5    A decrease in the number of people living in rural areas is referred to
                as (rural depopulation/rural-urban migration).

       3.1.6    A settlement with both rural and urban functions is known as a
                (village/hamlet).

       3.1.7    Tradition is a factor that influences (site/situation).

       3.1.8    (Round/Linear) rural settlement patterns usually develop because of
                security issues.                                             (8 x 1)         (8)

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(EC/SEPTEMBER 2019)                         GEOGRAPHY P1                                         11

 3.2   Choose a term in COLUMN B that matches a description in COLUMN A.
       Write only the letter (A–H) next to the question number (3.2.1–3.2.7) in the
       ANSWER BOOK, for example 3.2.9 I.

                        COLUMN A                                  COLUMN B
       3.2.1   Sector of the economy linked to A                GNP
               research

       3.2.2   Total value of goods produced in B               import
               South Africa by permanent inhabitants
               of the country in one year

       3.2.3   Tariffs and quotas are used to regulate C        tertiary activities
               trade

       3.2.4   People in a country do not have access D         food insecurity
               to nutritious food

       3.2.5   Goods that are sold to overseas E                food security
               countries

       3.2.6   Provision of transport services            F     export

       3.2.7   Goods brought into a country               G     quaternary activities

                                                          H     protectionism
                                                                                      (7 x 1)    (7)

 3.3   Study FIGURE 3.3, a cartoon on land reform.

       3.3.1    What is the purpose of land reform in South Africa?                    (1 x 1)   (1)

       3.3.2    Name any TWO land reform policies that enabled this claimant to be
                successful.                                                (2 x 1)               (2)

       3.3.3    Discuss the TWO challenges that the government could have faced
                in effecting land reform policy for this successful claimant. (2 x 2)            (4)

       3.3.4    Suggest possible reasons why this land claimant, illustrated in the
                cartoon, needs help.                                        (2 x 2)              (4)

       3.3.5    Explain the implications for the country if all land claimants do not get
                the necessary help.                                               (2 x 2)        (4)

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12                                GEOGRAPHY P1                           (EC/SEPTEMBER 2019)

 3.4   Study photographs A and B in FIGURE 3.4. on urban injustices.

       3.4.1    What is social injustice?                                     (1 x 1)    (1)

       3.4.2    (a)    State the unequal access to services and resources illustrated
                       in photograph A.                                       (1 x 1)    (1)

                (b)    Why are the poor mainly affected by the unequal access to
                       services and resources?                            (2 x 1)        (2)

                (c)    List TWO negative impacts that unequal access to services and
                       resources can have on a country.                       (2 x 1)    (2)

       3.4.3    Name the type of pollution causing the environmental injustice in
                photograph B.                                              (1 x 1)       (1)

       3.4.4    Discuss TWO negative effects of this type of pollution mentioned in
                QUESTION 3.4.3 on the health of the community.               (2 x 2)     (4)

       3.4.5    Suggest TWO measures that could be implemented to protect the
                community against the type of pollution named in QUESTION 3.4.4.
                                                                         (2 x 2)         (4)

 3.5   FIGURE 3.5 is an infographic based on the informal sector.

       3.5.1    What is an informal trader?                                   (1 x 1)    (1)

       3.5.2    State the reasons given in the extract as to why people become
                informal traders.                                        (2 x 1)         (2)

       3.5.3    Suggest possible ‘rights and protection’ that informal traders are
                denied.                                                     (2 x 2)      (4)

       3.5.4    How can the government improve the working conditions under which
                informal traders operate?                                  (2 x 2)       (4)

       3.5.5    Explain the economic ‘interconnectedness’ (relationship) between the
                formal and informal sector.                                   (2 x 2)    (4)

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(EC/SEPTEMBER 2019)                       GEOGRAPHY P1                                  13

 3.6   Study the map and article in FIGURE 3.6 that refers to the Saldanha Bay
       Industrial Development Region.

       3.6.1    Name the core industrial region that is close to the Saldanha Bay
                Industrial Development Region.                              (1 x 1)      (1)

       3.6.2    List ONE of the main aims of the Saldanha Bay Industrial
                Development Region.                                           (1 x 1)    (1)

       3.6.3    According to the extract, which sector does the Saldanha Bay
                Industrial Development Region serve?                   (1 x 1)           (1)

       3.6.4    How is the location of the Saldanha Bay harbour seen as an
                advantage to the region?                             (2 x 2)             (4)

       3.6.5    In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, outline the challenges
                that the Saldanha Bay Industrial Development Region has had to face
                since its declaration as an Industrial Development Region.    (4 x 2)    (8)
                                                                                        [75]

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14                                GEOGRAPHY P1                              (EC/SEPTEMBER 2019)

 QUESTION 4

 4.1   Refer to FIGURE 4.1 on urban land-use zones. Match the descriptions below
       with one of the urban land-use zones. You may use an urban land-use zone
       more than once. Choose the answer and write only the correct land-use next
       to the question number (4.1.1–4.1.7) in the ANSWER BOOK.

       4.1.1     This land-use zone has the highest land-value

       4.1.2     Occupies the most amount of land in an urban settlement

       4.1.3     This land-use zone consists of a large number of immigrants

       4.1.4     A high degree of accessibility is evident in this land-use zone

       4.1.5     This land-use zone is mostly made up of residential areas

       4.1.6     Land is usually cheaper in this land-use zone

       4.1.7     This land-use zone has a number of dilapidated buildings          (7 x 1)    (7)

 4.2   Choose a term in COLUMN B that matches a description in COLUMN A.
       Write only the letter (A–H) next to the question number (4.2.1–4.2.8) in the
       ANSWER BOOK, for example 4.2.9 J.

                           COLUMN A                                COLUMN B
       4.2.1     Industries located close to the natural A         Gold
                 resource

       4.2.2     South Africa produces two thirds of the B         Footloose
                 global output of this mineral

       4.2.3     These industries are located close to the C       Coal
                 customer

       4.3.4     This mineral is mainly exported through D         Diamonds
                 the Richards Bay Terminal

       4.2.5     Industries located between raw materials E        Ubiquitous
                 and the customer

       4.2.6     The mineral that is the largest foreign F         Raw material
                 income earner in South Africa

       4.2.7     These are service orientated industries     G     Market

       4.2.8     Industries that can locate anywhere but H         Bridge
                 rely on the market

                                                             I     Platinum
                                                                                   (8 x 1)    (8)

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(EC/SEPTEMBER 2019)                        GEOGRAPHY P1                                     15

 4.3 Study FIGURE 4.3 which illustrates rural-urban migration.

       4.3.1    What is rural-urban migration?                                    (1 x 1)        (1)

       4.3.2    List ONE physical ‘push’ factor evident in the illustration.      (1 x 1)        (1)

       4.3.3    State ONE service evident in the illustration that would ‘pull’ people to
                urban areas.                                                      (1 x 1)        (1)

       4.3.4    Discuss a negative economic consequence that rural areas will
                experience as a result of rural-urban migration.       (1 x 2)                   (2)

       4.3.5    Suggest a possible strategy that municipalities in rural areas could
                implement to encourage counter urbanisation.                  (1 x 2)            (2)

       4.3.6    In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, explain why rural-urban
                migration generally results in negative outcomes for most urban
                immigrants.                                                   (4 x 2)            (8)

 4.4 Refer to FIGURE 4.4, a cartoon depicting the concept of urban sprawl.

       4.4.1    Define the term urban sprawl.                                     (1 x 1)        (1)

       4.4.2    State TWO causes of urban sprawl.                                 (2 x 1)        (2)

       4.4.3    Explain how the cartoon illustrates urban sprawl taking place.    (2 x 2)        (4)

       4.4.4    Discuss TWO ways in which urban sprawl can harm the environment.
                                                                           (2 x 2)               (4)

       4.4.5    Explain how green belts can be seen as a possible measure to manage
                urban sprawl.                                                 (2 x 2)            (4)

 4.5 Refer to FIGURE 4.5, an extract based on farming systems in South Africa.

       4.5.1    What is a commercial farmer?                                      (1 x 1)        (1)

       4.5.2    According to the extract, why is industrial farming important?    (1 x 1)        (1)

       4.5.3    Explain how the commercial agricultural system can harm the
                environment.                                          (1 x 2)                    (2)

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16                                GEOGRAPHY P1                             (EC/SEPTEMBER 2019)

       4.5.4    (a)   What is small scale farming?                               (1 x 1)     (1)

                (b)   Why are genetically modified crops costly for the small-scale
                      farmer?                                               (2 x 1)          (2)

                (c)   Comment on the contribution that small-scale farmers make to
                      the economy of South Africa.                          (2 x 2)          (4)

                (d)   Outline sustainable measures that the government can
                      implement to ensure the existence of small-scale farmers. (2 x 2)      (4)

 4.6 Read the extract in FIGURE 4.6 referring to the development of the Port
     Elizabeth-Uitenhage industrial region.

       4.6.1    In which province is the Port Elizabeth-Uitenhage industrial region
                located?                                                     (1 x 1)         (1)

       4.6.2    Name the main industry located in the Port Elizabeth-Uitenhage
                industrial region.                                       (1 x 1)             (1)

       4.6.3    State the main transport facility that influenced the location of this
                industry (answer to QUESTION 4.6.2).                           (1 x 1)       (1)

       4.6.4    How has the main industry mentioned in QUESTION 4.6.2 stimulated
                the growth of other industries in the region?             (1 x 2)            (2)

       4.6.5    Discuss ONE factor that has restricted industrial growth in the region.
                                                                                 (1 x 2)     (2)

       4.6.6    In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, explain the impact that
                transport has had on the growth of the region.               (4 x 2)         (8)
                                                                                            [75]

                                                                               TOTAL:       225

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