# Geography Grade 12 P1 NSC June 2014 Question Paper (English) > Grade 12 Geography Paper 1 question paper from the NSC June 2014 (English), 21 pages. Read online or get the free PDF download, memo linked when available. - Page: https://www.hlayiso.com/library/geography-p1-hg-english-june-2014-qp/11b92b57-c153-40e8-959c-67de512c5cae - Updated: 2026-09-27 - Subject: Geography - Grade: Grade 12 - Language: English - Document type: Question paper - Year: 2014 - Exam period: NSC June - Paper: 1 - Curriculum: CAPS - Pages: 21 Breadcrumbs: [Home](https://www.hlayiso.com/) › [Library](https://www.hlayiso.com/library) › [Grade 12](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/grade-12) › [Geography](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/grade-12/geography) › [Geography Grade 12 P1 NSC June 2014 Question Paper (English)](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/geography-p1-hg-english-june-2014-qp/11b92b57-c153-40e8-959c-67de512c5cae) ## About this document Geography · Grade 12 · NSC June · 2014 · English. Question paper, 21 pages. Read online or download the PDF. Read it free online on the page above; download the PDF from there. ## Document text Text extracted from the PDF. Layout, diagrams and tables may not survive extraction. ### Page 1 SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION GEOGRAPHY P1 HIGHER GRADE 2014 MARKS: 300 TIME: 3 hours This question paper consists of 21 pages and a 12-page annexure. 3 Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 2 Geography/HG/P1 2 DBE/2014 SCE INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION Read these instructions carefully before answering the questions. 1. Answer THREE questions of 100 marks each: ONE question from SECTION A ONE question from SECTION B ONE question from SECTION C 2. ALL diagrams are included in the ANNEXURE. 3. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this question paper. 4. Do NOT write in the margins of your ANSWER BOOK. 5. Start EACH question on a NEW page. 6. Leave a line after each subsection. 7. Where possible, illustrate your answers with labelled diagrams. 8. Indicate ALL the questions that you have answered on the front cover of your ANSWER BOOK. 9. Write neatly and legibly. Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 3 Geography/HG/P1 3 DBE/2014 SCE SECTION A: PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY Answer only ONE question from this section. QUESTION 1 1.1 SYNOPTIC WEATHER MAP Study FIGURE 1.1 in the ANNEXURE of a synoptic weather map and answer the following questions. 1.1.1 Identify the weather conditions at Upington under the following headings: (a) Cloud cover (b) Wind direction (c) Wind speed (d) Air temperature (e) Dew point temperature (5 x 2) (10) 1.1.2 State whether the map depicts a typical WINTER or SUMMER SEASON. Give ONE reason for your answer. (2 x 2) (4) 1.1.3 Why is it unlikely that precipitation will occur at Upington? (1 x 2) (2) 1.1.4 State whether the line labelled C refers to a TROUGH, RIDGE or CUT-OFF LOW. (1 x 2) (2) 1.1.5 Account for the overcast conditions at the weather station labelled A (southeast of Cape Town). (1 x 2) (2) 1.1.6 Identify the pressure systems labelled X, Y and Z respectively. (2 x 3) (6) 1.1.7 What is the isobaric interval of the map? (1 x 2) (2) 1.1.8 Which ONE, X or Z, is a more intense pressure cell? (1 x 2) (2) 1.1.9 Describe ONE difference between the surface air movement at X and at Z. (2 x 2) (4) 1.1.10 Which area, C or D, has a steeper pressure gradient? Give ONE reason for your answer. (2 x 2) (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 4 Geography/HG/P1 4 DBE/2014 SCE 1.1.11 Refer to Meteosat images A and B below. A B [Source: South African Weather Service] (a) Which Meteosat image, A or B, depicts cyclone Dera? Refer to the synoptic map. (1 x 2) (2) (b) Give ONE piece of evidence to support your answer. (1 x 2) (2) 1.2 Choose the correct word in brackets. Write only the word next to the question number (1.2.1–1.2.5) in the ANSWER BOOK. 1.2.1 (Infiltration/Precipitation) is the seepage of water into the earth's surface. 1.2.2 A river that flows after a period of heavy rainfall and then dries up is referred to as an (exotic/episodic) river. 1.2.3 (Laminar/Turbulent) flow occurs when the water whirls around irregularities on a river bed. 1.2.4 A/An (meander/ox-bow lake) is a bend in the river course. 1.2.5 Where two first-order streams meet, a (second/third)-order stream is formed. (5 x 2) (10) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 5 Geography/HG/P1 5 DBE/2014 SCE 1.3 FLUVIAL PROCESSES Study FIGURE 1.3A in the ANNEXURE showing rivers flowing into the Hartbeespoort Dam and answer the following questions. 1.3.1 Choose the concept from the list below that best describes the following areas: watershed; catchment area; interfluve; drainage basin (a) Area X (1 x 2) (2) (b) Area Y (1 x 2) (2) 1.3.2 (a) In which direction does the Magalies River flow? (1 x 2) (2) (b) State the predominant drainage pattern formed by the Magalies River. (1 x 2) (2) (c) Describe the likely nature of the underlying rocks in the area drained by the Magalies River. (1 x 2) (2) 1.3.3 (a) A cross-sectional profile of the river at point P would indicate its … A depth only. B width only. C width and depth. (1 x 2) (2) (b) Indicate whether the shape of the valley at P is most likely to be a WIDE OPEN VALLEY or NARROW V-SHAPED VALLEY. (1 x 2) (2) 1.3.4 Can the Hartbeespoort Dam be regarded as the ultimate base level of the Crocodile River? Justify your answer. (2 x 2) (4) 1.3.5 Study FIGURE 1.3 B in the ANNEXURE showing hydrographs. Answer the following questions with reference to the discharge of the Jukskei River. (a) Define the concept river discharge. (1 x 2) (2) (b) Which ONE of the three hydrographs would the Jukskei River at point Q resemble after a heavy downpour? (1 x 2) (2) (c) Give ONE possible factor contributing to the shape of the hydrograph at point Q. (1 x 2) (2) (d) Name ONE possible source of pollution into the Jukskei River. (1 x 2) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 6 Geography/HG/P1 6 DBE/2014 SCE (e) Briefly describe the changes to discharge that would likely occur if there is an extensive programme of afforestation along the Jukskei River. (1 x 2) (2) (f) State whether the Jukskei River is graded between points L and Q. Give evidence from the diagram to support your answer. (2 x 2) (4) 1.4 ECOSYSTEMS AND SOILS Study FIGURE 1.4 in the ANNEXURE showing an ecosystem and answer the following questions. 1.4.1 Identify ONE abiotic element in the ecosystem shown on the diagram. (1 x 2) (2) 1.4.2 Re-arrange the following into a simple food chain: termite; scorpion; tree trunk; centipede (4 x 1) (4) 1.4.3 Briefly describe the role of fungi in this ecosystem. (1 x 2) (2) 1.4.4 Describe ONE way in which humans can negatively impact on such an ecosystem. (1 x 2) (2) 1.4.5 (a) Give a proper term for the environment (home) in which these organisms live. (1 x 2) (2) (b) Explain how the wood borer plays an active role in soil formation. (2 x 2) (4) [100] QUESTION 2 2.1 The following statements all refer to physical geography. Indicate whether these statements are TRUE or FALSE. Choose the answer and write only 'true' or 'false' next to the question number (2.1.1–2.1.5) in the ANSWER BOOK. 2.1.1 A mid-latitude cyclone begins to dissipate (disappear) once the cold front catches up with the warm front. (1 x 2) (2) 2.1.2 The weakening of the Kalahari High Pressure during winter causes dry conditions. (1 x 2) (2) 2.1.3 The interaction between the continental high pressure and the coastal low pressure causes berg winds. (1 x 2) (2) 2.1.4 Mid-latitude cyclones move from east to west. (1 x 2) (2) 2.1.5 Cold and rainy conditions are associated with mid-latitude cyclones. (1 x 2 (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 7 Geography/HG/P1 7 DBE/2014 SCE 2.2 TROPICAL CYCLONES Refer to the extract in FIGURE 2.2 in the ANNEXURE and answer the following questions. 2.2.1 How many cyclones had occurred during the cyclone season prior to cyclone Zoe? (1 x 2) (2) 2.2.2 Determine the date on which the island was declared a disaster zone. (1 x 2) (2) 2.2.3 How did the islanders manage to survive the cyclone? (1 x 2) (2) 2.2.4 Describe ONE effect that this cyclone has had on the area. (1 x 2) (2) 2.2.5 Name TWO challenges facing emergency aid being provided to this area. (2 x 2) (4) 2.2.6 Why are small islands more likely to experience the effects of a tropical cyclone than mainland interior areas? (1 x 2) (2) 2.3 CITY CLIMATE Study FIGURE 2.3 in the ANNEXURE and answer the following questions. 2.3.1 Name the lines on a map that indicate equal temperature. (1 x 2) (2) 2.3.2 State the approximate altitude (height) of Hillbrow's tallest buildings. (1 x 2) (2) 2.3.3 State the temperature above the city at the point labelled A. (1 x 2) (2) 2.3.4 What aspect of micro-climate is indicated in the sketch? (1 x 2) (2) 2.3.5 State and explain any ONE factor that is responsible for the higher temperatures over the city. (2 x 2) (4) 2.3.6 Explain how the conditions shown in the sketch may influence the health of the people living in the city. (1 x 2) (2) 2.3.7 Give ONE possible solution to the problem in QUESTION 2.3.6. (1 x 2) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 8 Geography/HG/P1 8 DBE/2014 SCE 2.4 Choose a concept/term from COLUMN B that matches a description in COLUMN A. Write only the letter (A–F) next to the question number (2.4.1–2.4.5) in the ANSWER BOOK, for example 2.4.6 G. COLUMN A COLUMN B 2.4.1 Asymmetrical ridges with a gentle A tor dip slope and a steep scarp slope B superimposed stream 2.4.2 Stream that has lost its source waters and is surrounded by debris C rejuvenated stream 2.4.3 Consists of a pile of core stones D antecedent stream that is linked to the bedrock E cuesta 2.4.4 A stream that is younger than the landscape over which it flows F misfit stream 2.4.5 A stream that gains renewed energy because of a change in gradient and begins eroding downwards again (5 x 2) (10) 2.5 STRUCTURAL LANDFORMS Study FIGURE 2.5 in the ANNEXURE showing geomorphological features and answer the following questions. 2.5.1 State the nature of the rock strata and the type of rock associated with such a landscape. (2 x 2) (4) 2.5.2 Name the features at P, Q and R. (3 x 2) (6) 2.5.3 Briefly explain how feature Q was formed. (2 x 2) (4) 2.5.4 Name an area in South Africa where these features are commonly found. (1 x 2) (2) 2.5.5 Name the typical slope elements marked A, B, C and D. (4 x 2) (8) 2.5.6 Explain why area D is the most suitable slope for crop cultivation. (2 x 2) (4) 2.5.7 Give ONE aspect of economic importance of the landforms shown in the diagram. (1 x 2) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 9 Geography/HG/P1 9 DBE/2014 SCE 2.6 SOIL PROFILE AND ECOSYSTEMS Refer to FIGURES 2.6A and 2.6B in the ANNEXURE representing three stages in the formation of a mature soil profile and answer the following questions. 2.6.1 The layer in which leaching occurs is the … A A horizon. B B horizon. C C horizon. D unweathered bedrock. (1 x 2) (2) 2.6.2 Re-arrange the letters of the profile (X, Y, Z) in the correct sequence (order) of development. (1 x 2) (2) 2.6.3 Refer to profile Y. (a) Match the soil profile in profile Y to the graph (graph 1, 2 or 3) that would most likely represent profile Y. (1 x 2) (2) (b) Match horizons labelled 7, 8, 9 and 10 with the following: B horizon; A horizon; R horizon; C horizon (4 x 1) (4) (c) Why can rainfall be regarded as an important contributor to this soil formation? (1 x 2) (2) 2.6.4 Assess the importance of a mature soil profile to: (a) The ecosystem of an area (2 x 2) (4) (b) Agricultural activity of an area (2 x 2) (4) [100] TOTAL SECTION A: 100 Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 10 Geography/HG/P1 10 DBE/2014 SCE SECTION B: SETTLEMENT GEOGRAPHY Answer only ONE question from this section. QUESTION 3 3.1 Choose a concept/term from COLUMN B that matches a description in COLUMN A. Write only the letter (A–F) next to the question number (3.1.1–3.1.5) in the ANSWER BOOK, for example 3.1.6 G. COLUMN A COLUMN B 3.1.1 The smallest form of a settlement A dry point 3.1.2 Settlement found away from water source B unifunctional 3.1.3 Arrangement of settlements at intersections C hamlet of roads D cross-road 3.1.4 Nature of service provided in rural areas E defence 3.1.5 Settlements located on hills or mountain tops F isolated farmstead (5 x 2) (10) 3.2 RURAL SETTLEMENTS Study FIGURE 3.2 in the ANNEXURE showing some rural settlement patterns found in South Africa and answer the following questions. 3.2.1 Define a rural settlement. (1 x 2) (2) 3.2.2 Match each of the rural settlements A, B, C and D with ONE of the following descriptions that refer to their pattern and shape: nucleated and circular; nucleated and irregular; circular and dispersed; nucleated and linear; dispersed and irregular (4 x 2) (8) 3.2.3 For each of settlements A to D, name ONE factor that may have influenced its pattern and shape. (4 x 2) (8) 3.2.4 Give ONE reason why settlement A is an ideal choice of site with regard to the microclimate. (1 x 2) (2) 3.2.5 Suppose you are a farmer in the rural area shown in the sketch. (a) State the approximate distance persons living there will have to travel to the city. (1 x 2) (2) (b) Name and explain TWO advantages for a farmer being close to an urban centre. (2 x 2) (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 11 Geography/HG/P1 11 DBE/2014 SCE 3.2.6 State and explain ONE rural development strategy that can be implemented to sustain the productivity of the area in the long term. (2 x 2) (4) 3.3 Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. Choose the answer and write only the letter (A–D) next to the question number (3.3.1–3.3.5) in the ANSWER BOOK. 3.3.1 These cities/towns usually have one dominant function: A Central place towns B Junction towns C Specialised towns D Primate city (1 x 2) (2) 3.3.2 Heavy industry will most likely be located in the following part of a city: A Residential area B Outside the city boundary C Central business district D Transition zone (1 x 2) (2) 3.3.3 The reason for tall buildings in the city centre is ... A to make the commercial district attractive for visitors. B due to the expensive land values. C to accommodate offices and residential flats. D due to building laws of the city. (1 x 2) (2) 3.3.4 Which ONE of the following statements is best associated with the multiple-nuclei model? A All land-use sectors radiate outwards from the city centre. B Cities are viewed as growth originating at the centre and rippling outwards in circles. C The CBD lies at the centre. D Growth in the city occurs around various focal points. (1 x 2) (2) 3.3.5 The side view of the city is referred to as the ... A rural-urban fringe. B urban profile C urban expansion. D green belt. (1 x 2) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 12 Geography/HG/P1 12 DBE/2014 SCE 3.4 URBAN GROWTH AND EXPANSION Study FIGURE 3.4 in the ANNEXURE showing the growth and expansion of Cape Town between 1940 and 2000 and answer the following questions. 3.4.1 Define the following terms: (a) Urbanisation (b) Urban growth (2 x 2) (4) 3.4.2 Compare the urban development of the greater Cape Town area between 1940 and 2000. (1 x 2) (2) 3.4.3 State how the process of urbanisation has resulted in the urban development of Cape Town between 1940 and 2000. (1 x 2) (2) 3.4.4 The Cape Town city council believes the region's urban edges need to be controlled in order to protect valuable agricultural land and ecosystems from urban sprawl. (a) Explain the meaning of the term urban sprawl. (1 x 2) (2) (b) Besides urban sprawl, state TWO urban problems most likely to be evident in the city at present. (2 x 2) (4) (c) Explain the effect that further uncontrolled urban expansion would have on: (i) Agricultural land use (2 x 2) (4) (ii) Ecosystems (2 x 2) (4) (d) Name and explain THREE measures that could be implemented to help manage the situation in QUESTION 3.4.4(c). (3 x 2) (6) 3.5 INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS Refer to FIGURE 3.5 in the ANNEXURE which is a photograph of an informal settlement and answer the following questions. 3.5.1 Define the term informal settlement. (1 x 2) (2) 3.5.2 An informal settlement is usually found in the ... A CBD. B rural-urban fringe. C transition zone. (1 x 2) (2) 3.5.3 Give TWO reasons for the rapid growth of informal settlements. (2 x 2) (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 13 Geography/HG/P1 13 DBE/2014 SCE 3.5.4 Explain THREE challenges facing people in informal settlements. (3 x 2) (6) 3.5.5 Assess the negative impact of the growth of informal settlements on the following: (a) The environment (1 x 2) (2) (b) Formal settlements (1 x 2) (2) 3.5.6 State TWO urban planning strategies that can be adopted to address the problems faced by informal dwellers. (2 x 2) (4) [100] QUESTION 4 4.1 Choose a concept/term from COLUMN B that matches a description in COLUMN A. Write only the letter (A–F) next to the question number (4.1.1– 4.1.5) in the ANSWER BOOK, for example 4.1.6 G. COLUMN A COLUMN B 4.1.1 The maximum distance one finds it profitable A sphere of influence to travel for a service B situation 4.1.2 A settlement providing goods and services for surrounding rural areas C central place 4.1.3 The smallest number of customers required D range to make a service profitable E site 4.1.4 The market area from which customers are drawn to a central place F threshold population 4.1.5 Exact location of a settlement (5 x 2) (10) 4.2 RURAL LAND USE Study FIGURE 4.2 in the ANNEXURE showing land use in a rural area in North West and answer the following questions. 4.2.1 Define the term settlement. (1 x 2) (2) 4.2.2 Identify the settlement shape of Bopane and Radidu. (2 x 2) (4) 4.2.3 Would you classify the settlement of Bopane as a RURAL or an URBAN settlement? Give a reason for your answer. (2 x 2) (4) 4.2.4 Identify THREE physical factors which led to the development of Bopane at this site. (3 x 2) (6) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 14 Geography/HG/P1 14 DBE/2014 SCE 4.2.5 Most of the inhabitants of this region are subsistence farmers. Describe some of the problems which they encounter in their struggle for survival. (2 x 2) (4) 4.2.6 An entrepreneur wants to open up a small factory in this settlement. What advantages do you think he sees in Bopane, which will encourage him to build a factory there? (3 x 2) (6) 4.2.7 Identify the rural settlement pattern represented by Bopane. Give ONE reason to support your answer. (2 x 2) (4) 4.2.8 State THREE advantages of the settlement pattern in Bopane. (3 x 2) (6) 4.2.9 Which services need to be developed in the area to encourage more entrepreneurs to establish enterprises in Bopane? (2 x 2) (4) 4.3 RURAL-URBAN MIGRATION Refer to FIGURE 4.3 in the ANNEXURE showing a diagram of rural-urban migration and answer the following questions. 4.3.1 Define the term rural-urban migration. (1 x 2) (2) 4.3.2 State THREE factors that draw rural inhabitants to urban areas. (3 x 2) (6) 4.3.3 Suggest TWO ways in which the development of new towns may help to reduce the problems associated with over-crowding of cities as a result of uncontrolled rural-urban migration. (2 x 2) (4) 4.4 URBAN MORPHOLOGY – LAND USE IN A CITY Study FIGURE 4.4 in the ANNEXURE of a sketch map showing the structure of a city and answer the following questions. 4.4.1 What does the abbreviation CBD stand for? (1 x 2) (2) 4.4.2 State TWO characteristics of a CBD. (2 x 2) (4) 4.4.3 Give TWO examples of high-order functions found in a CBD. (2 x 2) (4) 4.4.4 Explain why the zone of decay has a high land value. (2 x 2) (4) 4.4.5 (a) Would you classify the cement factory as a HEAVY or LIGHT industry? (1 x 2) (2) (b) Motivate your answer to QUESTION 4.4.5(a). (1 x 2) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 15 Geography/HG/P1 15 DBE/2014 SCE 4.4.6 What is the disadvantage of the location of the low-income residential area for the local people? (2 x 2) (4) 4.4.7 Identify TWO activities which are found on the rural-urban fringe of this settlement. (2 x 2) (4) 4.4.8 Refer to the middle-income residential area and zone of decay. (a) Identify the street pattern of the middle-income residential area. (1 x 2) (2) (b) State TWO advantages of the street pattern in QUESTION 4.4.8(a). (2 x 2) (4) (c) State TWO characteristics of the zone of decay. (2 x 2) (4) 4.4.9 Name ONE advantage of the location of the power station. (1 x 2) (2) [100] TOTAL SECTION B: 100 Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 16 Geography/HG/P1 16 DBE/2014 SCE SECTION C: REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY Answer only ONE question FROM this SECTION. QUESTION 5 5.1 Study FIGURE 5.1 in the ANNEXURE showing the map of South Africa and identify the following features on the map: 5.1.1 The neighbouring country labelled A 5.1.2 The name of the latitudinal line labelled B, running through Limpopo 5.1.3 The smallest province labelled C 5.1.4 The capital city of the largest province labelled D 5.1.5 The ocean labelled E 5.1.6 The mountain range labelled F which divides South Africa into two physiographical regions 5.1.7 The longitudinal line labelled G 5.1.8 The largest river system labelled H 5.1.9 The type of vegetation at I 5.1.10 The harbour labelled J in the Western Cape (10 x 1) (10) 5.2 ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES Study FIGURE 5.2 in the ANNEXURE which is a table showing the percentage contribution of selected activities to the GDP of South Africa and answer the following questions. 5.2.1 What does the abbreviation GDP stand for? (1 x 2) (2) 5.2.2 According to the table, which economic sector makes the greatest contribution to the GDP? (1 x 2) (2) 5.2.3 What was the total contribution of the primary sector to the GDP in 2010? (1 x 2) (2) 5.2.4 Which sub-sector has shown an increase from 2008 to 2010? (1 x 2) (2) 5.2.5 Explain the trend shown by agriculture from 2008 to 2010. (1 x 2) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 17 Geography/HG/P1 17 DBE/2014 SCE 5.2.6 Although the contribution of agriculture to South Africa's GDP is decreasing it still plays an important role in the economy of the country. (a) Name FOUR factors hindering agriculture in South Africa. (4 x 2) (8) (b) Discuss the importance of agriculture to the economy of South Africa. (3 x 2) (6) (c) A decline in agriculture may lead to a food shortage. Suggest THREE measures that can be introduced to produce high yields. (3 x 2) (6) 5.3 POPULATION MOVEMENT 5.3.1 Define the term migrant labour. (1 x 2) (2) 5.3.2 Name TWO neighbouring countries where South Africa's migrant labour mainly comes from. (2 x 2) (4) 5.3.3 Give THREE reasons why there is a high influx of migrant labour to Gauteng. (3 x 2) (6) 5.3.4 Discuss the problems that Gauteng will experience as a result of a high influx of migrant labour. (3 x 2) (6) 5.4 TERTIARY ACTIVITIES Refer to FIGURE 5.4 in the ANNEXURE which is a graph of South Africa's trade balance for 1999/2000 and answer the following questions. 5.4.1 Refer to the graph and explain the meaning of the following terms: (a) Trade (1 x 2) (2) (b) Balance of trade (1 x 2) (2) 5.4.2 Identify the trend evident between May and August 1999 in respect of the following: (a) Imports (1 x 2) (2) (b) Exports (1 x 2) (2) 5.4.3 Name ONE month during 1999 when the country experienced a negative trade balance. Explain your answer with evidence from the graph. (2 x 2) (4) 5.4.4 Evaluate the importance of international trade to the economy of South Africa. (3 x 2) (6) 5.4.5 Explain any THREE strategies adopted by the government to improve its international trade. (3 x 2) (6) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 18 Geography/HG/P1 18 DBE/2014 SCE 5.5 Read the adapted newspaper article with the title 'Water crisis by 2020' below and answer the questions that follow. WATER CRISIS BY 2020 South Africa faces a water crisis and could experience shortages as early as 2020, experts told the South African Water and Energy Forum. Mike Muller told delegates that 'a crisis is looming … if we don't panic now and take action we will be in a crisis by 2020'. The shortage will largely be due to water demand outstripping supply and to a lesser extent by poor water quality due to infrastructure deteriorating. Other contributing factors include leaking pipes and the theft of water by farmers along the Vaal River. Governments and municipalities are urged to build water infrastructure immediately. It is also important that companies understand their water footprint. Companies in Europe are thinking of detailing the water footprint of every item they sell. [Adapted from Times, 15 February 2011] 5.5.1 Define the term water-transfer schemes. (1 x 2) (2) 5.5.2 Identify THREE reasons given in the article why a water crisis is expected by the year 2020. (3 x 2) (6) 5.5.3 Name TWO water-transfer schemes that have been developed to supplement the water in Gauteng. (2 x 2) (4) 5.5.4 Suggest THREE measures that can be employed by municipalities to conserve and better manage our water supply. (3 x 2) (6) [100] Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 19 Geography/HG/P1 19 DBE/2014 SCE QUESTION 6 6.1 Choose a concept/term from COLUMN B that matches a description in COLUMN A. Write only the letter (A–F) next to the question number (6.1.1–6.1.5) in the ANSWER BOOK, for example 6.1.6 G. COLUMN A COLUMN B 6.1.1 Value of goods and services produced in a A primary country in a year B secondary 6.1.2 Total value of goods and services produced by the permanent inhabitants of C commercial a country in a year D gross domestic 6.1.3 Activities that involve the extraction of product resources from nature E subsistence 6.1.4 Activities that increase the utility value of raw materials F gross national income 6.1.5 Market-orientated farming (5 x 2) (10) 6.2 DISTRIBUTION OF RAINFALL AND POPULATION DENSITY Study FIGURES 6.2A and 6.2B in the ANNEXURE showing rainfall distribution and population density in South Africa and answer the following questions. 6.2.1 Define the following terms: (a) Population density (1 x 2) (2) (b) Population distribution (1 x 2) (2) 6.2.2 Why does area W have such a low population density? (2 x 2) (4) 6.2.3 Give TWO reasons why the average rainfall is relatively high in area X. (2 x 2) (4) 6.2.4 Describe the rainfall pattern in area V. (3 x 2) (6) 6.2.5 Give FOUR reasons for the high population density in area Y. (4 x 2) (8) 6.3 SECONDARY ACTIVITIES Study FIGURE 6.3 in the ANNEXURE showing an industrial area in South Africa and answer the following questions. 6.3.1 Define the term secondary activity. (1 x 2) (2) 6.3.2 Identify the industrial area in the diagram. (1 x 2) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 20 Geography/HG/P1 20 DBE/2014 SCE 6.3.3 Name TWO types of industries found in this area. (2 x 2) (4) 6.3.4 Discuss TWO factors restricting the development of industries in this area. (2 x 2) (4) 6.3.5 Which TWO factors favour the development of industries in this area? (2 x 2) (4) 6.4 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Read the extract from the Earth Summit for Sustainable Development, held in Johannesburg in August 2002 and answer the questions that follow. SUMMARY OF THE JOHANNESBURG DECLARATION ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT  We assume a collective responsibility to advance and strengthen the pillars of sustainable development, that consists of economic development, social development and environmental protection at the local, regional, national and global levels.  We recognise that ending poverty, changing consumption and production patterns and protecting and managing the natural resource base for economic and social development are the overarching objectives of, and essential requirements for sustainable development.  The line that divides human society between the rich and the poor and the ever-increasing gap between the developed and developing worlds pose a major threat to global prosperity, security and stability. 6.4.1 Define the term sustainable development. (1 x 2) (2) 6.4.2 Describe THREE pillars of sustainable development. (3 x 2) (6) 6.4.3 Give TWO reasons why it is necessary to achieve sustainable development. (2 x 2) (4) 6.4.4 What threatens global prosperity, security and stability? (1 x 2) (2) 6.4.5 The South African government introduced the the RDP (reconstruction and development programme) which aimed to rectify the social and economic inequalities in our societies. (a) State TWO principles of the RDP. (2 x 2) (4) (b) Basic needs are essential for development. Give THREE examples of basic needs. (3 x 2) (6) (c) State TWO challenges that the government of South Africa has experienced in implementing the RDP programme. (2 x 2) (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 21 Geography/HG/P1 21 DBE/2014 SCE 6.5 ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS Study FIGURE 6.5 in the ANNEXURE which is an article on 'new pollution' and answer the following questions. 6.5.1 Name the harbour that handles most of South Africa's petroleum imports and exports. (1 x 2) (2) 6.5.2 Name TWO areas in the South Durban area that will be affected by air pollution from the new refinery. (2 x 2) (4) 6.5.3 State ONE way in which the new expansions will cause serious industrial air pollution. (1 x 2) (2) 6.5.4 Explain how the form of air pollution in QUESTION 6.5.3 can be reduced by 50 per cent. (1 x 2) (2) 6.5.5 State THREE adverse effects that the new construction will have on the community of the South Durban area. (3 x 2) (6) 6.5.6 Explain TWO ways in which the Engen expansion plan will have a positive impact on the South Durban area. 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