# Geography Grade 11 P2 Eastern Cape November 2024 QP (Eng)

> Grade 11 Geography Paper 2 question paper from the Eastern Cape November Exam 2024 (English), 24 pages. Read online or download the free PDF.

- Page: https://www.hlayiso.com/library/geography-p2-gr11-qp-nov2024-eng-d-watermark/f28c449c-8c06-4f6b-8014-968ad9ec2f20
- Updated: 2026-09-27
- Subject: Geography
- Grade: Grade 11
- Language: English
- Document type: Question paper
- Year: 2024
- Exam period: Eastern Cape November Exam
- Paper: 2
- Curriculum: CAPS
- Pages: 24

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## About this document

Geography · Grade 11 · Eastern Cape November Exam · 2024 · English. Question paper, 24 pages. Read online or download the PDF.

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## Document text

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### Page 1

NATIONAL
                       SENIOR CERTIFICATE

                               GRADE 11

                        NOVEMBER 2024

                         GEOGRAPHY P2

MARKS:   150

TIME:    3 hours

                              *IGEOGE2*

                   This question paper consists of 19 pages.

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2                                  GEOGRAPHY P2                           (EC/NOVEMBER 2024)

 INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION

 1.    This question paper consists of TWO SECTIONS.

       SECTION A:
       QUESTION 1: DEVELOPMENT (60)
       QUESTION 2: RESOURCES AND SUSTAINABILITY (60)

       SECTION B:
       QUESTION 3: GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES (30)

 2.    Answer all THREE questions.

 3.    ALL diagrams are included in the QUESTION PAPER.

 4.    Leave a line between subsections of questions answered.

 5.    Start EACH question at the top of a NEW page.

 6.    Number the questions correctly according to the numbering system used in this
       question paper.

 7.    Do NOT write in the margins of the ANSWER BOOK.

 8.    Draw fully labelled diagrams when instructed to do so.

 9.    Answer in FULL SENTENCES, except when you have to state, name, identify
       or list.

 10. Units of measurement MUST be indicated in your final answer, e.g.
     1 020 hPa, 14 °C and 45 m.

 11. You may use a non-programmable calculator.

 12. You may use a magnifying glass.

 13. Write neatly and legibly.

 SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION FOR SECTION B

 14. A 1 : 50 000 topographical map of MBOMBELA 2530BD and a 1 : 10 000
     orthophoto map of (MBOMBELA 2530 BD) of a part of the mapped area are
     provided.

 15. The area demarcated in RED/BLACK on the topographic map represents the
     area covered by the orthophoto map.

 16. Marks will be allocated for steps in calculations.

 17. You must hand in the topographical and the orthophoto map to the invigilator
     at the end of this examination session.

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(EC/NOVEMBER 2024)                        GEOGRAPHY P2                                      3

SECTION A: DEVELOPMENT AND RESOURCES AND SUSTAINABILITY

QUESTION 1: DEVELOPMENT

1.1 Refer to the map showing the ‘North-South’ divide. Complete the statements in
    COLUMN A with the options in COLUMN B. Write only X or Z next to question
    numbers (1.1.1 to 1.1.8) in the ANSWER BOOK, for example 1.1.9 Z.

                   COLUMN A                                 COLUMN B
     1.1.1    Developing countries based on    X   South of the Brandt Line
              economic and social criteria:    Z   North of the Brandt Line

     1.1.2    Brazil, India and South Africa   X   Newly industrialising countries
              are considered:                  Z   Industrialised countries

     1.1.3    The employment structure in      X
              MEDCs:
                                                                         PRIMARY
                                                                         SECTOR

                                                                         SECONDARY
                                                                         SECTOR
                                                                         TERTIARY
                                               Z                         SECTOR

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4                                   GEOGRAPHY P2                          (EC/NOVEMBER 2024)

     1.1.4    The population pyramid typical of   X
              a LEDC:

                                                  Z

     1.1.5    The proportion of people living in X
              urban areas in a MEDC:

                                                  Z

     1.1.6    A factor that would contribute      X   Higher literacy rates
              positively to a country's HDI:      Z   Decreased life expectancy
     1.1.7    A country that has a Gini           X   Income equality
              coefficient score close to 1:       Z   Income inequality
     1.1.8    An economic indicator that          X   Gross Domestic Product
              measures the overall economic       Z   Level of unemployment
              performance of a country:
                                                                             (8 x 1)    (8)

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(EC/NOVEMBER 2024)                       GEOGRAPHY P2                                   5

1.2 Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions.
    Choose the answer and write only the letter (A–D) next to the question numbers
    (1.2.1 to 1.2.7) in the ANSWER BOOK, for example 1.2.8 D.

     1.2.1    Country X has a negative balance of trade because …

              A      its exports are greater than its imports.
              B      its exports and imports are equal amounts.
              C      its imports are greater that its exports.
              D      it has no international trade activity.

     1.2.2    The country that has the biggest trade surplus:

              A      China
              B      Russia
              C      India
              D      United Kingdom

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6                                      GEOGRAPHY P2                           (EC/NOVEMBER 2024)

     Refer to the map and answer QUESTIONS 1.2.3 and 1.2.4.

     1.2.3    SADC stands for:

              A       South African Development Community
              B       Southern African Development Countries
              C       Southern African Development Community
              D       South African Developing Countries

     1.2.4    A key economic benefit of SADC’s free trade agreements:

              A       A common currency
              B       Removing competition
              C       Barriers to entry for businesses
              D       Enhanced access to international markets

     1.2.5    Fair Trade is a type of trading relationship based on the principle of:

              A       Reducing environmental regulations
              B       Transparency and accountability in the supply chain
              C       Increasing profits by reducing production costs
              D       Prioritising local markets over global markets

     1.2.6    Financial assistance from the government to help local businesses
              compete against foreign imports:

              A       Quota
              B       Tariff
              C       Subsidy
              D       Embargo

     1.2.7    The main difference between a tariff and an import quota:

              (i)     Tariffs are taxes on imports
              (ii)    Import quotas limit quantity of imports
              (iii)   Tariffs are taxes on exports
              (iv)    Import quotas encourage more imports

              A       (i) and (ii)
              B       (ii) and (iii)
              C       (iii) and (iv)
              D       (i) and (iv)                                                (7 x 1)    (7)

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(EC/NOVEMBER 2024)                            GEOGRAPHY P2                                            7

1.3 Refer to the extract below on rural community development.

              EMPOWERING RURAL COMMUNITIES: INVESTING IN WOMEN

     Rural communities and rural women in particular, bear the largest burden of
     poverty in South Africa. The main factors contributing to the poverty of rural
     women include low literacy and skills training and poor access to services,
     especially healthcare.

     Investing in women is an imperative to development. Women often have different
     needs than men due to their societal standing, as well as continuing imbalance
     in the divisions of labour for managing or undertaking domestic tasks, such as
     taking care of or raising children.

     The Kwanalu’s Women and Youth in Rural Entrepreneurship (WYRE) initiative
     aims to strengthen KZN’s rural and farming communities. Its goal is to build
     productive and sustainble family and community livelihoods.

     Through WYRE’s programme, women who are part of the community
     development programme receive the following support:

     The WYRE programme is not only enhancing the skills and leadership qualities
     of its participants, but is also playing a crucial role in the sustainable development
     of rural economies in KZN, fostering a new generation of entrepreneurial leaders
     in agriculture.
             [Adapted from www.foodformzansi.co.za/-kwanalu-empowers-rural-entrepreneurs-in-kzn/]

     1.3.1      What is community development?                                           (1 x 2)    (2)

     1.3.2      Why are women important to community development?                        (2 x 1)    (2)

     1.3.3      According to the extract, why do rural women bear the largest burden
                of poverty?                                                      (2 x 1)            (2)

     1.3.4      (a) The WYRE initiative provides women with (physical / human)
                    capital.                                                  (1 x 1)               (1)

                (b) How will agricultural training help alleviate poverty in rural
                    communities?                                                         (2 x 1)    (2)

     1.3.5      Explain how the WYRE initiative hopes to empower women to become
                entrepreneurial leaders in agriculture throughout the continent. (3 x 2)            (6)

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8                                   GEOGRAPHY P2                             (EC/NOVEMBER 2024)

1.4 Refer to the sketch below on globalisation.

                                                         [Source: Examiners own source]

     1.4.1    State ONE factor evident in A that enables the sharing of knowledge.
                                                                              (1 x 1)     (1)

     1.4.2    How have modern transportation systems (B) promoted globalisation?
                                                                          (1 x 2)         (2)

     1.4.3    Why can consumers benefit from increased globalisation of trade?
                                                                            (2 x 1)       (2)

     1.4.4    Explain how liberalisation of trade (encouraged by globalisation)
              present challenges for local businesses.                  (2 x 2)           (4)

     1.4.5    What potential environmental problems are associated with increased
              globalisation?                                                (3 x 2)       (6)

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(EC/NOVEMBER 2024)                          GEOGRAPHY P2                                              9

1.5 Refer to the cartoon and extract on development aid.

                       FOREIGN AID: IMPACT ON DEVELOPMENT

     Over the decades, billions of dollars have been channelled from wealthier nations
     to poorer ones in the hope of promoting economic growth, alleviating poverty and
     enhancing the people’s quality of life.

     However, a complex and often disappointing reality emerges: despite these
     efforts, many developing countries continue to struggle with high levels of poverty.
     Despite receiving $36 billion annually in aid, Sub-Saharan Africa remains the
     poorest region globally.

     One of the factors contributing to the limited success of foreign aid is when it
     comes with conditions. Unfortunately, when all the conditions are considered, the
     aid may not necessarily benefit the recipient’s population.

     Foreign aid undoubtedly plays a crucial role in addressing immediate
     humanitarian needs and supporting development initiatives in struggling
     economies. However, the notion that aid alone can lift countries out of poverty, is
     overly simplistic and often unrealistic.
                        [Adapted from https://businessday.ng/business-economy/article/foreign-aid]

     1.5.1    According to the extract, what is the purpose of foreign aid?               (1 x 1)    (1)

     1.5.2    What factors, as indicated in the cartoon, hinder the success of foreign
              aid in Africa?                                                    (2 x 1)              (2)

     1.5.3    Why does conditional aid not necessarily benefit the recipient country’s
              population?                                                        (2 x 2)             (4)

     1.5.4    In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, explain how technical aid
              can be beneficial in eradicating poverty.                       (4 x 2)                 (8)
                                                                                                     [60]

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10                                  GEOGRAPHY P2                                  (EC/NOVEMBER 2024)

QUESTION 2: RESOURCES AND SUSTAINABILITY

2.1 The sketches below show a simplified version of thermal power production.
    Match each description in QUESTIONS 2.1.1 to 2.1.8 with the information from
    the sketches. Write the answer next to the question numbers (2.1.1 to 2.1.8) in
    the ANSWER BOOK, for example 2.1.9 coal mines.

                                          [Adapted from https://www.electricaltechnology.org/]

     2.1.1    The South African province with the largest concentration of coal
              mines.

     2.1.2    The process of grinding coal into a fine powder.

     2.1.3    The heat needed for producing the steam comes from the burning of
              which fuel?

     2.1.4    The solid waste produced by the power station that accumulates at the
              bottom of the furnace.

     2.1.5    The machine which turns mechanical energy into electrical energy.

     2.1.6    What is handled and dispersed of by the smokestack?

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(EC/NOVEMBER 2024)                        GEOGRAPHY P2                                            11

     2.1.7    Heat removed from the steam is dissipated through which component
              of the power plant?

     2.1.8    To adjust the voltage for long-distance travel, to what is generated
              electricity sent?                                                  (8 x 1)        (8)

2.2 The images below show different ways that electrical energy is obtained in South
    Africa. Match the descriptions below with the appropriate energy source. Write
    only the energy source next to the question numbers (2.2.1 to 2.2.7) in the
    ANSWER BOOK, for example 2.2.8 Thermal energy.

                                                              [Source: Examiner’s own sketch]

     2.2.1    Produces radioactive waste.

     2.2.2    South Africa’s primary source of electricity.

     2.2.3    The leading renewable energy source in South Africa.

     2.2.4    The Gariep Dam is the largest … facility in South Africa.

     2.2.5    Obtained by splitting uranium atoms.

     2.2.6    Requires photovoltaic (PV) installations.

     2.2.7    The non-conventional energy source in South Africa.                    (7 x 1) (7)

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12                                    GEOGRAPHY P2                                  (EC/NOVEMBER 2024)

2.3 Refer to the sketch and photos on soil erosion.

             BEFORE AFFORESTATION                        AFTER AFFORESTATION

                                            Z

                     X
                                         [Adapted from https://rethink.earth/farming-with-nature/]

     2.3.1    What is soil erosion?                                                      (1 x 2)     (2)

     2.3.2    From the sketch above, provide evidence of soil erosion.                   (1 x 1)     (1)

     2.3.3    Why does overgrazing by livestock (X) contribute to soil erosion?
                                                                                         (2 x 2)     (4)

     2.3.4    What are the negative economic effects of soil erosion?                     (2 x 2)    (4)

     2.3.5    How does the management strategy implemented at Z prevent soil
              erosion?                                               (2 x 2)                         (4)

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(EC/NOVEMBER 2024)                             GEOGRAPHY P2                                             13

2.4 Refer to the infographic on conventional energy sources in South Africa.

                                                       OVERVIEW OF SOUTH AFRICA’S
                                                          NUCLEAR POWER (2023)

                                                       Nuclear electricity generation         8,2
                                                       (TWh)
                                                       Reactors operable                       2

                                                       Reactors under construction             0

                                                       Reactors proposed                       2

                                                       Uranium required (Tons per        277
                                                       year)
                                                        South Africa is the world’s eleventh-
                                                            largest producer of uranium
                                                             [Adapted from https://world-nuclear.org]

     Nuclear energy has been significant in South Africa’s energy landscape for
     decades with the country’s first and only nuclear power plant constructed in 1976
     in Duynefontein, near Cape Town. Koeberg NPP, owned and operated by Eskom,
     has two reactors with a combined capacity of 1 869 MW.

     South Africa’s focus on nuclear energy (as a low-carbon source of energy) is ever-
     increasing as the global drive towards mitigating climate change and South
     Africa’s goal of achieving net-zero emissions becomes more pressing.

     However, despite the potential of nuclear production to help with the country’s
     energy supply and meet climate goals, nuclear energy provides only 4,9% of the
     electricity supplied to the grid today. In South Africa, there is a historical
     dependency on coal due to its abundance and the economic importance of the
     mining industry.
          [Adapted from www.whitecase.com/insight-alert/latest-plans-increase-nuclear-energy-south-
                                                                                             africa]

     2.4.1    According to the graph, what percentage of South Africa’s electricity is
              nuclear generated?                                              (1 x 1)                   (1)

     2.4.2    How does South Africa’s uranium production support the proposal for two
              new nuclear reactors?                                            (1 x 2)                  (2)

     2.4.3    Why is nuclear power production an option for the country to achieve net-
              zero emissions?                                                   (2 x 2)                 (4)

     2.4.4    In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, explain why South Africa
              favours coal as its main source of energy despite the advantages
              associated with nuclear energy.                                  (4 x 2)                  (8)

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14                                    GEOGRAPHY P2                                   (EC/NOVEMBER 2024)

2.5 Refer to the graph and extract on energy management in South Africa.

          THE COST OF NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY IN SOUTH AFRICA

     South Africa is at a critical moment in its energy transition (shift): trying to
     decarbonise its economy and make sure that everyone has access to reliable
     and affordable energy. South Africa is a major carbon emitter and there is an
     urgent need for the country to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions.

     While the country has already made progress in integrating renewable energy
     into its power grid, its path to a sustainable energy future is complicated by
     financial problems and limited energy storage technology. Renewable energy
     sources, such as wind and solar are intermittent (erratic) and their output
     fluctuates. As a result, it is important to set up grid-scale storage which is very
     expensive.

     The International Partners Group has agreed to give South Africa $8,5 billion.
     The money aims to accelerate (quicken) the decarbonisation of South Africa’s
     economy to help it achieve the goal of reaching net-zero carbon emissions by
     2050. However, only 2,7% of the offers are grants, with the other 97% in the form
     of loans.

                         [Adapted from www.mg.co.za/-the-just-energy-transition-in-south-africa/]

     2.5.1    What is non-conventional energy?                                           (1 x 2)    (2)

     2.5.2    According to the graph, what percentage of global carbon dioxide (CO2)
              from fossil fuels, does South Africa contribute?                (1 x 1)               (1)

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(EC/NOVEMBER 2024)                       GEOGRAPHY P2                                     15

     2.5.3    Give evidence from the extract that shows that South Africa’s energy
              shift is influenced by:

              (a)    A social factor

              (b)    An environmental factor                                  (2 x 1)    (2)

     2.5.4    What makes wind and solar energy sources unreliable?            (2 x 2)    (4)

     2.5.5    Explain the negative effects on the South African economy as it
              implements increased non-conventional energy sources.           (3 x 2)    (6)
                                                                                        [60]

                                                                TOTAL SECTION A:        120

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16                                   GEOGRAPHY P2                               (EC/NOVEMBER 2024)

SECTION B:

QUESTION 3: GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES

                     GENERAL INFORMATION ON MBOMBELA

Coordinates: 25° 27ƍ 57Ǝ S 30° 59ƍ 07Ǝ E

Mbombela, formerly Nelspruit, is a city in northeastern South Africa. It is the capital of
the Mpumalanga province. Located on the Crocodile River, the city lies about 330 km
east of Johannesburg.

Fertile soils and the subtropical climate provide perfect conditions for the growing of
citrus and tropical fruits, mainly mango, banana, avocado, papaya and macadamia
nuts.

The city is a key agricultural processing hub for northeastern South Africa.
                                                  [Adapted from wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbombela]

The following English terms and their translations are shown on the topographic map:

 ENGLISH                          AFRIKAANS
 Canal                            Kanaal
 Diggings                         Uitgrawings
 Furrow                           Voor

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(EC/NOVEMBER 2024)                       GEOGRAPHY P2                                       17

3.1 MAP SKILLS AND CALCULATIONS

     3.1.1    Johannesburg is in a(n) … direction from Mbombela.

              A       north-easterly
              B       south-westerly
              C       westerly
              D       easterly                                                 (1 x 1)    (1)

     3.1.2    The scale of the orthophoto map is … times … than the scale of the
              topographical map.

              (i)     five
              (ii)    ten
              (iii)   smaller
              (iv)    larger

              A       (i) and (iii)
              B       (i) and (iv)
              C       (ii) and (iii)
              D       (iii) and (iv)                                           (1 x 1)     (1)

     3.1.3    Complete the grid reference / co-ordinates of the building (G) in E1 on
              the topographical map. Write down only the information that is not
              included in the question.

              (a)     __ ° 29’ __” S                                            (2 x 1)    (2)

              (b)     30° __’ 56” E                                             (1 x 1)    (1)

     3.1.4    On the topographical map, calculate the average gradient between
              trigonometrical station 101 in B3 and spot height 703 (A3).

              Use the following information:

              HE: 1 250 m

                                                 ‫ ܔ܉܋ܑܜܚ܍܄‬۷‫܄( ܔ܉ܞܚ܍ܜܖ‬۷)
              Formula: Average gradient =
                                               ۶‫( ܜܖ܍ܔ܉ܞܑܝܙ܍ ܔ܉ܜܖܗܢܑܚܗ‬۶۳)
                                                                                (3 x 1)    (3)

     3.1.5    Use the topographical map and the information below to calculate the
              magnetic declination for 2024.

              Difference in years: 10 years
              Mean annual change: 5’ westwards                                  (2 x 1)    (2)

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18                                      GEOGRAPHY P2                        (EC/NOVEMBER 2024)

3.2 MAP INTERPRETATION

     Refer to the topographical map.

     3.2.1    The man-made feature H in block B2 is a(n)…

              A       mine dump.
              B       national road.
              C       excavation.
              D       embankment.                                                   (1 x 1)   (1)

     3.2.2    The portion of the Crocodile River (J) in block B2 is … and flows …

              (i)     perennial
              (ii)    non-perennial
              (iii)   north-westerly.
              (iv)    south-easterly.

              A       (i) and (iii)
              B       (ii) and (iv)
              C       (ii) and (iii)
              D       (i) and (iv)                                                (1 x 1)     (1)

     3.2.3    Explain the negative impact that soil erosion, caused by feature H, can
              have on the river (J).                                              (2 x 2)     (4)

     Refer to block A5 on the topographical map.

     3.2.4    Identify the main agricultural activity in the area.                (1 x 1)     (1)

     3.2.5    How has access to water encouraged the agricultural activity (answer to
              QUESTION 3.2.4)?                                                  (1 x 2)       (2)

     Refer to the orthophoto map.

     3.2.6    The area marked X is dominated by … activities.

              A       manufacturing
              B       agricultural
              C       mining
              D       commercial                                                  (1 x 1)     (1)

     3.2.7    How does unstable electricity access (loadshedding) negatively affect the
              businesses (answer to QUESTION 3.2.6) in area X?                   (2 x 1)      (2)

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(EC/NOVEMBER 2024)                          GEOGRAPHY P2                                    19

3.3 GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS)

     Refer to A which is extracted from block D4 on the topographical map and B
     which shows a portion of the orthophoto map (D1/E1).

                        A                                        B

     3.3.1    Which image (A or B) is vector data?                              (1 x 1)    (1)

     3.3.2    Identify a natural line feature on A.                             (1 x 1)    (1)

     3.3.3    Why is B classified as a vertical aerial photograph?              (1 x 1)    (1)

     Refer to the photographs below to answer QUESTIONS 3.3.4 to 3.3.6.

           HIGH SPATIAL               MEDIUM SPATIAL                 LOW SPATIAL
           RESOLUTION                  RESOLUTION                    RESOLUTION

     3.3.4    What is spatial resolution?                                       (1 x 2)    (2)

     3.3.5    The image with a (high / medium / low) spatial resolution has the
              highest number of pixels.                                         (1 x 1)    (1)

     3.3.6    How has the size of the pixels influenced the image with a low spatial
              resolution?                                                      (1 x 2)     (2)

                                                                 TOTAL SECTION B:          30
                                                                    GRAND TOTAL:          150

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- [GEOGRAPHY P2 QP GR11 NOV2020 English](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/geography-p2-qp-gr11-nov2020-english/993435fb-264e-4bd0-94a8-ef9a89a16155) — Geography · QP · 2020 · Eng
- [GEOGRAPHY P2 QP GR11 NOV 2018 English](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/geography-p2-qp-gr11-nov-2018-english/722758ab-a78c-44fc-a05c-b82b7f83a038) — Geography · QP · 2018 · Eng
- [GEOGRAPHY P1 MEMO GR11 NOV 2023 English](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/geography-p1-memo-gr11-nov-2023-english/f52423da-7382-46d7-95f3-acda9a797f0e) — Geography · Memo · 2023 · Eng
- [GEOGRAPHY P1 MEMO GR11NOV 2024 AFR watermark](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/geography-p1-memo-gr11nov-2024-afr-watermark/f29b99c3-25d5-4fea-b032-0ce54ac414f2) — Geography · Memo · 2024 · Afr

## More from Grade 11 Geography

- [GEOGAPHY P1 MEMO GR11 NOV 2025 ENG watermark](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/geogaphy-p1-memo-gr11-nov-2025-eng-watermark/f4dc79b3-16ce-4c85-bce6-b0b3d628919b) — Memo · 2025 · Eng
- [FS Geography Grade 11 March 2025 QP and Memo](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/fs-geography-grade-11-march-2025-qp-and-memo/971937cb-0cd1-4f4b-ac7c-d89c3464de70) — QP + Memo · 2025
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- [GEOGRAPHY P1 MEMO GR11 NOV 2022 English](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/geography-p1-memo-gr11-nov-2022-english/7eee1105-eefc-4e83-b7ee-7ce12295121a) — Memo · 2022 · Eng
- [GEOGRAPHY P2 MEMO GR11 NOV2022 English](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/geography-p2-memo-gr11-nov2022-english/f71935c0-b238-4a88-9dd4-d11798a1a39f) — Memo · 2022 · Eng

## Collection

- [Grade 11 past papers](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-11/past-papers)

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Hlayiso: free CAPS and IEB past papers, memos, notes and study guides for South African learners. When citing, link the page URL above, not a PDF or /api/ URL.
