# Geography Grade 12 P2 Eastern Cape Mock 2023 Memo (English) > Grade 12 Geography Paper 2 memorandum from the Eastern Cape Mock Exam 2023 (English), 11 pages. Read online or download the free PDF. - Page: https://www.hlayiso.com/library/geography-p2-gr12-memo-sept2023-english/ddf830ff-a168-4368-bc96-5a0b31bec2c3 - Updated: 2026-09-27 - Subject: Geography - Grade: Grade 12 - Language: English - Document type: Memorandum - Year: 2023 - Exam period: Eastern Cape Mock Exam - Paper: 2 - Curriculum: CAPS - Pages: 11 Breadcrumbs: [Home](https://www.hlayiso.com/) › [Library](https://www.hlayiso.com/library) › [Grade 12](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/grade-12) › [Geography](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/grade-12/geography) › [Geography Grade 12 P2 Eastern Cape Mock 2023 Memo (English)](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/geography-p2-gr12-memo-sept2023-english/ddf830ff-a168-4368-bc96-5a0b31bec2c3) ## About this document Geography · Grade 12 · Eastern Cape Mock Exam · 2023 · English. 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Layout, diagrams and tables may not survive extraction. ### Page 1 NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 12 SEPTEMBER 2023 GEOGRAPHY P2 MARKING GUIDELINE MARKS: 150 This marking guideline consists of 11 pages. ### Page 2 2 GEOGRAPHY P2 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2023) SECTION A: RURAL AND URBAN SETTLEMENTS AND THE ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY OF SOUTH AFRICA QUESTION 1 1.1 1.1.1 A (1) 1.1.2 D (1) 1.1.3 D (1) 1.1.4 A (1) 1.1.5 D (1) 1.1.6 B (1) 1.1.7 A (1) 1.1.8 C (1) (8 x 1) (8) 1.2 1.2.1 X (1) 1.2.2 Y (1) 1.2.3 X (1) 1.2.4 Y (1) 1.2.5 Y (1) 1.2.6 Y (1) 1.2.7 X (1) (7 x 1) (7) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 3 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2023) GEOGRAPHY P2 3 1.3 1.3.1 5,4 (1) (hours) (1 x 1) (1) 1.3.2 Water source were 20 shallow hand-dug wells (1) Water was dirty (1) Water was shared with animals (1) Water carried from sources in buckets or wheelbarrows (1) [ANY TWO] (2 x 1) (2) 1.3.3 Lack of planning and development in the rural areas (2) Inaccessibility of infrastructure to rural areas (2) Poor maintenance of existing infrastructure (2) Focus for infrastructural development is on the urban areas (2) Not economically viable in sparsely populate areas (2) Mismanagement of funds / corruption and insufficient money for infrastructural development (2) Insufficient qualified people to maintain / service infrastructure (2) Poor municipalities / lack of funding for infrastructural development (2) Theft / vandalism of water infrastructures (2) [ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4) 1.3.4 Contributes to increased agricultural production which generates income (2) Helps increase crop yields so more produce can be sold (2) Assists subsistence farmers / vegetable gardens so less money spent on buying food (2) Increased agriculture output reduces food insecurity / increases food security (2) Crops increase nutrition which increases productivity of people (2) Crops increase nutrition / health reducing medical cost (2) Increase agriculture creates more jobs which increase household income (2) Higher profits are earned because larger volume of agricultural output (2) Development of home industries supplements household income (2) Time saved (collecting water) – increases work in home-based businesses / agriculture to earn money (2) Reduces burden of time collecting water enabling increased school attendance and improves education (2) Less exposure to dirty water which can cause illnesses, requiring expensive treatment (2) Diversification of activities promotes skill development (2) [ANY FOUR – CANDIDATES MUST QUALIFY REPSONSE] OR [ANY FOUR – PART – MARK FACTOR ONLY 4 x 1] (4 x 2) (8) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 4 4 GEOGRAPHY P2 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2023) 1.4 1.4.1 Land found on the outskirts (periphery) of an urban area which has a mixture of (rural and urban) land use functions. (2) [CONCEPT] (1 x 2) (2) 1.4.2 Businesses / offices (1) Retail / shopping centre (1) [ANY ONE ] (1 x 1) (1) 1.4.3 (The increase of the number of people means) there will be physical growth of the urban settlement as more space is required for development of various land-uses (2) (1 x 2) (2) 1.4.4 Aesthetical appeal / open space (2) Away from polluted urban areas (2) Less crime / greater sense of security (2) Rural atmosphere creates a more tranquil / peaceful lifestyle (2) Easier access to recreational areas / greenbelts / parks (2) Commute to urban area still viable without travelling great distances (2) Less traffic congestion (2) Development freedom as there are fewer municipal bylaws (2) Land-use zoning and less stringent than in the city (2) Close access to a variety of amenities and services as the land-use is mixed (2) [ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4) 1.4.5 Decrease land use for farming (accept examples) (2) Loss of income in the agricultural sector (2) Decrease in profits as decrease production / decrease exports (2) Loss of jobs in the agricultural sector (2) Increase in pollution which is expensive to manage (2) Traffic congestion increase increasing fuel consumption (2) Exclusion of the poor from access to land (2) Increase in crime (2) Existing services will be put under pressure causing increase prices (2) Food security comes under threat driving up the price (2) Urban functions dominate (2) [ANY THREE] (3 x 2) (6) 1.5 1.5.1 Unemployment (1) Poor families (cannot afford better accommodation) (1) [ANY ONE] (1 x 1) (1) 1.5.2 Falling apart from their ceilings to floors (1) Dangerous and illegal electricity connections (1) Inadequate sanitation and water infrastructure (1) 110 adults and 28 children living on the site (overcrowding) (1) [ANY TWO] (2 x 1) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 5 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2023) GEOGRAPHY P2 5 1.5.3 Buildings are abandoned (2) Owners abscond and property is invaded (2) No or limited maintenance / neglected buildings (2) Rates and taxes not paid by owner so services get cut off (2) Lack of service delivery by the municipality (2) Illegal occupation takes place because vacant property (2) Residents are unemployed and poor and unable to find affordable accommodation (2) Mass unemployment / impact of Covid; residents cannot afford rent so there is overcrowding (2) As a means of income residents allow backyard shacks to be erected (2) Social ills that take place in the area (2) Overcrowding (2) [ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4) 1.5.4 SOCIAL IMPACTS: Inadequate sanitation is a health risk (2) Increase in health problems (accept examples) (2) Illegal electricity connections are safety risks (2) Increased exposure to social ills (accept examples) (2) Potential damage from broken ceilings and floors (2) Evacuation in case of emergency (i.e. fire) is hindered (2) Less chance of crimes being reported because of fear of being evacuated (2) Increase in violent activity (not lit up / neglected by law enforcement) (2) [ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4) 1.5.5 Residents won’t afford higher rentals and will be forced to vacate (2) Residents won’t afford increased levies after renovations and will fall in arrears (2) Residents forced to move further away from work (increased transport costs) (2) Residents will be displaced / homeless (2) Forced to live in unsatisfactory informal settlements (2) Residents will become squatters – illegal occupants (2) [ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4) [60] Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 6 6 GEOGRAPHY P2 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2023) QUESTION 2: ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY OF SOUTH AFRICA 2.1 2.1.1 D (1) 2.1.2 B (1) 2.1.3 A (1) 2.1.4 D (1) 2.1.5 B (1) 2.1.6 C (1) 2.1.7 C (1) (7 x 1) (7) 2.2 2.2.1 A (1) 2.2.2 B (1) 2.2.3 B (1) 2.2.4 A (1) 2.2.5 A (1) 2.2.6 A (1) 2.2.7 B (1) 2.2.8 A (1) (8 x 1) (8) 2.3 2.3.1 72 (%) (1) (1 x 1) (1) 2.3.2 “South Africa has more than 80% of the world’s platinum reserves.” (1) (1 x 1) (1) 2.3.3 Decrease (1) (1 x 1) (1) 2.3.4 Well-developed / well-maintained / upgraded road network to transport people (2) Railway links developed to transport mining equipment and minerals (2) Connectivity (ICT) / communication infrastructure linking stakeholders (suppliers / markets / investors) (2) Harbour infrastructure for exportation (2) Airport development for increased accessibility for people (2) Water infrastructure to ensure supply of water for mining and industrial operations (2) Electrical (energy) supply to sustain heavy industry (2) Bridges constructed to facilitate movement of people and goods (2) [ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 7 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2023) GEOGRAPHY P2 7 2.3.5 Increased operational costs due to load shedding causes less product to be exported (2) Labour strikes limit platinum production and less platinum to be sold (2) Operation costs increase (accept examples: wages / electricity / transport) which affects profit and reduces national tax collection (2) Increase minimum wage causes loss of employment in mining which decreases spending power (2) Decrease in investment because of fear of nationalisation of mines (2) Disputes between unions and mine owners causes unrest, slowing down production. (2) Global platinum fluctuating prices reduces profits and contribution in national tax collection (2) Increase in transport costs causes reduced revenue (2) Exportation of unprocessed minerals reduces profits and contribution to tax base (2) Health issues cause absenteeism from work negatively impacting production and company profits (2) Expensive technical equipment and specialised equipment require large capital investment which increases operational costs; reducing profit (2) Decreasing profits in the mining sector will cause job loss which places more pressure on the government’s limited finances (2) Skills development and training of unskilled employees adds financial burden to mining companies (2) Mines downscaling due to economic challenges negatively affect industries / businesses linked to platinum mining (2) [ANY FOUR – CANDIDATES MUST QUALIFY REPSONSE] OR [ANY FOUR – PART MARK FOR FACTOR 4 x 1] (4 x 2) (8) 2.4 2.4.1 2,63% (1 x 1) (1) 2.4.2 Region manufacturers 35% of SA automotive components (1) Most diverse vehicle manufacturing clusters in South Africa (1) [ANY ONE] (1 x 1) (1) 2.4.3 Isuzu (1) Volkswagen (VW) (1) Ford (1) FAW (1) BAIC (1) [ANY ONE] (1 x 1) (1) 2.4.4 Link industries are required to supply materials / parts / equipment / raw material to the automotive-industry (2) (1 x 2) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 8 8 GEOGRAPHY P2 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2023) 2.4.5 Two harbours cater for both the east and west trade routes (2) Deep-water port of Ngqura offers world-class port facilities offering global container shipping (2) Created interconnected infrastructure to compete on an international scale (2) International airport for quick access to Coega IDZ (2) Established road network linking IDZ to domestic markets / suppliers (2) Centrally located in South Africa by rail and road networks (2) [ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4) 2.4.6 Employment creation contributes to poverty alleviation (2) Increase in earning potential increase standard of living (2) Reduces unemployment and employees receive wages / salaries (2) Skills development programmes and training / skills base improved (2) Upliftment of standard of living / better quality of life (2) Multiplier effect / increase in spending / increase in purchasing power (2) Impact of corporate social responsibility contributes to health / education / services in community (2) Bursaries offered to students intending pursue career in specialised industries (2) Different sectors of society get to benefit from the upgraded infrastructure that is developed for the IDZ (2) [ANY THREE]- PART MARKING CAN BE APPLIED HERE (3 x 2) (6) 2.5 2.5.1 16,4 (%) (1) (1 x 1) (1) 2.5.2 Spaza shops/tuck shops (1) Hawkers (1) Vendors (1) [ANY ONE] (1 x 1) (1) 2.5.3 Food security (1) Reduces poverty (1) Income as a survival strategy (1) [ANY TWO] (2 x 1) (2) 2.5.4(a) Contribution of informal sector to economy is not shown in official figures (1) Informal business that are not registered / licensed (1) Part of the economy that is neither taxed nor monitored by any form of government (1) [CONCEPT] (1 x 1) (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 9 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2023) GEOGRAPHY P2 9 2.5.4 (b) There is limited data / figures regarding the sector (2) Needs of informal sector not always apparent as they operate illegally (2) Relationship between the municipality and the informal street traders can be one of exclusion and negligence (2) Activities within informal sector cannot be directly observed or accounted for (2) Informal sector does not contribute to the tax base, depriving government of resources to assist (2) Limited understanding of the social exclusion / problems faced by the informal sector (2) Ignorance regarding the driving forces for individuals and firms to operate informally (2) [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) 2.5.5 Encourage and facilitate partnerships between private sector and informal sector (2) Learnership / skills development programmes (2) Increase access to finance such as bank loans (2) Simplifying registration and regulatory requirements for new firms (2) Increase government support (subsidies/infrastructure/access to markets) (2) Security of tenure Municipalities can adapt by-laws in areas to ease access (2) Link informal business to large, established procurement chains (2) Increase informal workers’ access to public services, public spaces and public procurement (2) Acknowledge the informal sector’s economic contribution by reducing harassment and penalisation (2) Provide informal sector with more security (2) Generate more incentives / tenders for informal sector [ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4) 2.5.6 Government will receive more revenue through taxes (2) Reduces dependency on government (accept examples)(2) Potential for expansion which will employ more people (2) Growing businesses create / require more link industries (2) Increased circulation of spending money as more people employed (2) Business may grow to enter international market with potential to earn foreign exchange (2) Business may attract foreign investment (2) Creates competition by opening up access to new market (2) Goods are cheaper (2) Multiplier effect of “new” businesses (2) More people employed in formal economy (2) Reduced crime (2) Promotes food security for people reducing pressure on country (2) Creation of new skills (accept examples) [ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4) [60] Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 10 10 GEOGRAPHY P2 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2023) SECTION B QUESTION 3: GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES 3.1 3.1.1 A (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.1.2 C (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.1.3 B (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.1.4 R46 (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.1.5 (a) 1 150 (1) m (b) VI: 362,3 m - 339,7 m = 22,6 m = (1) HE: 1150 m 22,6 = (1) (for correct substitution) 1 150 = 1 : 50,89 (1) (c) (2 x 1) (2) 3.2 MAP INTERPRETATION 3.2.1 D (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.2.2 B (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.2.3 Water access (1) Climate / Mediterranean climate (1) Fertile soil / soil type (1) Relief / topography (1) [ANY TWO] (2 x 1) (2) 3.2.4 Reliable source of raw materials (fruits) (2) Large quantities / abundance of raw materials (2) Access to raw material to process (2) Variety of raw materials (2) Agriculture acts as a forward linkage to industry (2) Close proximity of raw material for industry to process (2) Good quality supply of raw material (2) [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) 3.2.5 Raw material-orientated (1) (1 x 1) (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 11 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2023) GEOGRAPHY P2 11 3.2.6 Industries are located on the farm (2) Inputs are obtained from nearby farms (2) [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) 3.2.7 Road (1) Railway (1) [ANY ONE] (1 x 1) (1) 3.2.8 Accessibility to markets (2) Effective transport of perishable products (2) Juice and fruit are bulky and heavy (2) Easy access from suppliers (2) Encourages domestic and international trade (2) Easy transport of people (labour) (2) [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) 3.3 GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS) 3.3.1 Vector (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.3.2 Representation of reality is the form of lines, points and polygons/areal features. (2) Location of features are stored as X, Y co-ordinates (2) [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) 3.3.3 The detail of an image (2) The clarity of an image (2) [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) 3.3.4 More / small pixels / grid cells in image B (1) Less / larger pixels / grid cells in image A (1) [ANY ONE] (1 x 1) (1) 3.3.5 The equipment (1) Weather conditions (accept example) (1) Shadows (1) Air pollution (1) Angle at which image is captured (1) Focusing (1) Distance (1) [ANY ONE] (1 x 1) (1) 3.3.6 Images appear sharper (1) Can quickly detect and identify objects (1) Improves accuracy (1) [ANY ONE] (1 x 1) (1) [30] TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved Please turn over ## Related documents - [GEOGRAPHY P2 GR12 MEMO SEPT2022 English final](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/geography-p2-gr12-memo-sept2022-english-final/57ac52ac-ffc4-4d97-8460-a4cc10495c09) — Geography · Memo · 2022 · Eng - [GEOGRAPHY P2 MEMO GR12 SEPT 2020 English](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/geography-p2-memo-gr12-sept-2020-english/1446b8af-f9eb-47bd-bf4b-728b36d8b686) — Geography · Memo · 2020 · Eng - [GEOGRAPHY P2 GR12 MEMO SEPT2018 English](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/geography-p2-gr12-memo-sept2018-english/6e0709f3-f6fc-4b76-a7ca-db96b67a35ef) — Geography · Memo · 2018 · Eng - [GEOGRAPHY P2 GR12 QP SEPT2018 English](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/geography-p2-gr12-qp-sept2018-english/bcc61d35-ac9f-4bd1-af49-9ae6fe6241f0) — Geography · QP · 2018 · Eng - [GEOGRAPHY P1 GR12 MEMO SEPT2018 English](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/geography-p1-gr12-memo-sept2018-english/66551d14-a0be-4338-accf-f25bd373c188) — Geography · Memo · 2018 · Eng - [GEOGRAPHY P1 GR12 MEMO SEPT2017 English](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/geography-p1-gr12-memo-sept2017-english/f42323b6-1860-41f6-b6db-bf72dcaa092c) — Geography · Memo · 2017 · Eng ## More from Grade 12 Geography - [Geography P2 (English) June 2025 Question Paper](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/geography-p2-english-june-2025-question-paper/ba0a3969-240a-4bba-bdb6-7d02a7f80205) — QP · 2025 · Eng - [Geography Grade 12 NSC P1 QP September 2025 KZN](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/geography-grade-12-nsc-p1-qp-september-2025-kzn/b87141de-a060-4504-8e9a-a5a35821df42) — QP · 2025 - [Geography Grade 12 NSC P2 QP September 2025 KZN](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/geography-grade-12-nsc-p2-qp-september-2025-kzn/50385845-0827-427a-b5e1-25ab349d4e0f) — QP · 2025 - [Geography P1 May-June 2025 Eng](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/geography-p1-may-june-2025-eng/bbabb3ad-00bf-45d9-aa3b-76a0d89ca2b6) — QP · 2025 · Eng - [HARTBEESPOORT DAM1 D FINAL](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/hartbeespoort-dam1-d-final/f3569cb0-ade1-40df-81a0-ce8310309dd4) — QP · 2023 - [2023 GAU June QP](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/2023-gau-june-qp/f50ff343-2787-464c-b8a6-0321cf90253e) — QP · 2023 ## Collection - [Grade 12 past papers](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/past-papers) --- Hlayiso: free CAPS and IEB past papers, memos, notes and study guides for South African learners. 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