# Life Sciences Grade 12 P2 NSC June 2024 Question Paper (Eng)

> Grade 12 Life Sciences Paper 2 question paper from the NSC June Exam 2024 (English), 36 pages. Read online or download the free PDF.

- Page: https://www.hlayiso.com/library/gr-12-life-sciences-p2-english-june-2024-question-paper/38656383-146f-424e-a257-e96c65bbf54c
- Updated: 2026-09-27
- Subject: Life Sciences
- Grade: Grade 12
- Language: English
- Document type: Question paper
- Year: 2024
- Exam period: NSC June Exam
- Paper: 2
- Curriculum: CAPS
- Pages: 36

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Life Sciences · Grade 12 · NSC June Exam · 2024 · English. Question paper, 36 pages. Read online or download the PDF.

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Confidential

sie
Le basic education

WE.
Department:
u( (Oy, Basic Education
Cas” Ee REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA.

SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATIONS/

NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATIONS

LIFE SCIENCES P2
MAY/JUNE 2024

LIFE SCIENCES: Paper 2

OI

Wu

X05 This question paper consists of 17 pages.

Mn

Copyright reserved i

MARKS: 150
TIME: 2% hours

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INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION

Read the following instructions carefully before answering the questions.

1.

Answer ALL the questions.

2. Write ALL the answers in the ANSWER BOOK.

3. Start the answers to EACH question at the top of a NEW page.

4. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this
question paper.

5. Present your answers according to the instructions of each question.

6. Do ALL drawings in pencil and label them in blue or black ink.

7. Draw diagrams, tables or flow charts only when asked to do so.

8. The diagrams in this question paper are NOT necessarily drawn to scale.

9. Do NOT use graph paper.

10. You must use a non-programmable calculator, protractor and a compass,
where necessary.

11. Write neatly and legibly.

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SECTION A

QUESTION 1

11 Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions.

Choose the answer and write only the letter (A-D) next to the question
numbers (1.1.1 to 1.1.9) in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 1.1.10 D.

1.4.1

1.1.4

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Which female scientist took X-rays of the DNA molecule and
concluded that DNA is helix-shaped?

A_ Watson
B Franklin
C Crick

D_ Wilkins

A cell with 14 chromosomes undergoes meiosis.

What is the number of chromatids in this cell at the beginning of
meiosis?

A 7

B 14
Cc 28
D 56

In the inheritance of blood groups there are ...

A_ two phenotypes controlled by three alleles.
B_ three phenotypes controlled by two alleles.
C four phenotypes controlled by three alleles.
D_ four phenotypes controlled by two alleles.

The following statements relate to cell division:

(i) | Crossing over occurs

(ii) Contributes to genetic variation in a population

(iii) Produces cells with a diploid number of chromosomes
(iv) Produces somatic cells only

Which ONE of the following combinations of statements refer to
meiosis?

(i), (ii) and (iii) only
(i) and (ii) only

(ii) and (iv) only
(ii) and (iii) only

90NUY

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1.4.5 The opossums and wombats are believed to have originated from

a common ancestor.

The shaded parts of the diagram below show the distribution of
these species.

»
fre,

‘Australi:

Wombats ?

or

The type of evidence for evolution that is represented in the
diagram is ...

A biogeography.

B modification by descent.
C genetics.

D cultural.

1.1.6 A plant with yellow (y) and round (R) peas is crossed with a plant
with green (Y) and wrinkled (r) peas.

Which ONE of the following are the possible genotypes of the
parents (P,)?

yyRR x YYRr
YyRR x yyrr
Yyrr x YYRR
yyRR x YYrr

oDODY

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1.1.7 A segment of DNA contains:

e¢ 31% of adenine in strand 1
e 12% of cytosine in strand 2
e 27% of guanine in strand 2

tn this segment of DNA, there will also be ...
A 31% of adenine in strand 2
B 12% of cytosine in strand 4
C 31% of thymine in strand 2
D 27% of cytosine in strand 2

1.1.8 Two people each gave four descriptions about themselves.

PERSON 1 PERSON 2
[can roll my tongue. | cannot roll my tongue .
lam 150 cm tall. Lam 153 cm tall.
| have unattached earlobes. | | have attached earlobes.
My blood group is A. My blood group is AB.

2/00

Which ONE of the following combinations are examples of
discontinuous variation?

A P,QandS
B P,RandS
C Q,RandS
D P,Q,RandS

1.1.9 The phase in meiosis where chromatids are pulled towards poles
is...

anaphase I

telophase I

metaphase Ii

anaphase II (9 x 2) (18)

loKek::P2

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1.2 Give the correct biological term for each of the following descriptions.
Write only the term next to the question numbers (1.2.1 to 1.2.8) in the
ANSWER BOOK.
1.2.1 A section of a DNA molecule that codes for a specific characteristic

1.2.2 A pattern of black bars resulting from DNA analysis

1.2.3 Evolution characterised by long periods of no change alternating

with short periods of rapid change

1.2.4 The production of a genetically identical copy of an organism using

biotechnology

1.2.5 Undifferentiated cells in animals that have the potential to become

any type of tissue

1.2.6 A genetic disorder that results in a person who cannot distinguish

between the colours red and green

1.2.7 The part of the plant where the male gametes are produced
1.2.8 The structure that joins two chromatids together (8x1) (8)
1.3 Indicate whether each of the descriptions in COLUMN | apply to A ONLY,

B ONLY, BOTH A AND B or NONE of the items in COLUMN II. Write Aonly,
B only, both A and B or none next to the question numbers (1.3.1 to 1.3.3)

in the ANSWER BOOK.
COLUMN | COLUMN II
4.3.1 The type of dominance in which | A: Complete dominance
neither of the two alleles is B: Co-dominance
dominant over each other,
resulting in an offspring with an
intermediate phenotype
1.3.2 The point where two chromatids | A: Chiasma
overlap during crossing over B: Locus
1.3.3 The scientist who proposed the | A: Darwin
law of segregation B: _ Lamarck

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(3x2) (6)

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1.4 The diagrams below represent two types of nucleic acids.
A
\. B
Diagram 1 Diagram 2

1.41

1.4.2

1.4.3

1.4.4

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Identify the nucleic acid shown in diagram 1.

identify:
(a) A
(b) B

Name the type of sugar found in the nucleic acid represented in

diagram 2.

Which diagram (1 or 2) represents a nucleic acid that is used for:

(a) Tracing of human ancestry

(b) Paternity testing

Please turn over

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)
(6)

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The diagram below shows the karyotype of a gamete of an individual.

x

1

8

7

x

XXX
raul

x hk kh
¥ ¥ we Yy

1.5.1

1.5.2

1.5.3

1.5.4

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Name the type of mutation that occurred during the production of
this gamete.

What type of gamete is represented in the karyotype?
In this gamete, give the number of:

(a) Autosomes

{b) Gonosomes

This gamete fuses with a normal gamete.

Using X and Y representation, write the sex chromosomes of the
offspring.

Please turn over

(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)

(2)
(6)

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1.6 The diagram below shows the evolutionary relationship between different
species.
P. troglodytes Fsapiens H. neanderthalensis  Gottlla
H. habilis
Australopithecus
Common ancestor
1.6.1 Identify the type of diagram shown above.
1.6.2 Give the:
(a) Genus that gave rise to the Australopithecus at A
(b) LETTER that represents the most recent common ancestor for
both H. sapiens and H. erectus
1.6.3 Name TWO species that existed at the same time as H. erectus.
1.6.4 Give ONE example of the fossil of Australopithecus africanus that
was found in South Africa.
TOTAL SECTION A:
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(1)

(1)

(1)
(2)
(1)
(6)
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SECTION B
QUESTION 2
21 The diagram below represents a stage during the synthesis of a certain
protein.

Alanine fF Histidine Tryptophan fy Leucine FL Lysine

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Identify organelle 3.

Describe the role of molecule 1 during this stage of protein
synthesis.

Give the sequence of nitrogenous bases:

(a) At2

(b) On the DNA molecule that coded for histidine

During the synthesis of the same protein, there was a change in
the amino acid sequence because alanine was replaced by

tryptophan.

Explain the possible reason for this.

af) Please turn over

(1)

(2)

(1)

(2)

(3)
(9)

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2.2 Describe transcription. (6)

2.3 The diagram below represents metaphase I of meiosis.

2.3.1 Identify part B. (1)
2.3.2 State ONE function of part A. (1)
2.3.3 Explain the contribution of metaphase I to natural selection. (6)

The diagram below shows four possible daughter cells formed at the end of
this meiosis.

A B c D
2.3.4 Draw cell D, including the missing 4" chromosome. (3)
(11)
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24 Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder caused by a recessive allele (b).
The pedigree diagram below shows the inheritance of cystic fibrosis in a
certain family.
1 2 3 4
5 6
7 8 9 10 11 12
Key:
Male without cystic fibrosis
O Female without cystic fibrosis
|| Male with cystic fibrosis
@ Female with cystic fibrosis

2.4.1 How many generations are represented in the diagram above? (1)
2.4.2 Give the genotype of individual 9. (1)
2.4.3 Explain why both individuals 5 and 6 must be heterozygous for
cystic fibrosis. (4)
2.4.4 Using the letters B and b, do a genetic cross to show the
inheritance of cystic fibrosis when heterozygous parents are
crossed. (6)
(12)
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25 Bt corn is a crop that has been genetically modified to be insect-resistant.

The table below shows the percentage of land used to grow Bt co rm and the
amount of insecticide used in a certain country between 1995 and 2010.

2.5.1

2.5.2

2.5.3

2.5.4

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Year Land used to grow Amount of
Bt corn insecticide used
(%) (kg per hectare)
1995 0 0,2
2000 20 0,13
2005 40 0,05
2010 60 0,01

Describe how genetic engineering of Bt corn was done.

Describe the relationship between the land used to grow Bt corn

and the amount of insecticide used.

State TWO other plant characteristics that are genetically
engineered to increase food security.

Draw a bar graph to represent the percentage of land used to grow

Bt corn from 1995 to 2010.

Please turn over

(2)

(2)

(2)

(6)
(12)
[50]

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Life So,
"° Sciences/P2 14 DBE/May/June 2024
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QUESTION 3
3.4

In a certain country, 25.000 individuals were suffering from haemophilia
between 2012 and 2020. Haemophilia is a genetic disorder that is caused by
a mutation.

The pie chart below shows the percentage of individuals with different levels
of haemophilia in this country.

The percentage of individuals with different levels of
haemophilia in a certain country between 2012 and 2020

Low; 35%
pA ae High; 40%

Moderate;
25%

3.1.1 Explain the effect of this mutation on an individual. (2)
3.1.2 Calculate the number of individuals who were moderately affected
by haemophilia in this country. Show ALL working. (2)
3.1.3 Explain why it would be expected that most of the individuals
affected by haemophilia will be males. (3)
(7)
Copyrigh:
PYM ewe served Re Please turn over
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3.2 Insects on islands without trees are likely to be wingless because flying is
dangerous for them in an area with strong winds.

A certain island was once covered with tall trees. Over the years, there has
been deforestation in some areas of the island. On this island, insects called
stoneflies, have undergone natural selection. Some have wings and some do
not have wings, depending on the area where they are found.

The diagram below shows stoneflies with and without wings.

SR SK

Stonefly with wings Stonefly without wings

Scientists wanted to determine the relationship between the presence of tall
trees and the wings on the stoneflies.

e They selected six locations, of which three had tall trees and three were
without trees.

« Using a specialised net, they collected thousands of stoneflies in each
location.
The samples were labelled according to the area of collection.
These samples were all collected in the morning during summer.
The number of stoneflies with wings and without wings at each location
was counted and recorded.

3.2.1 Identify the:
(a) Independent variable (1)
(b) Dependent variable (1)
3.2.2 State TWO factors that were kept constant during the investigation. (2)

3.2.3 State TWO ways in which the reliability of this investigation was

ensured. (2)
3.2.4 Explain why it would be expected that more stoneflies will have no
wings in the areas without trees. (4)
3.2.5 Describe how Lamarck would have explained the evolution of
stoneflies without wings in the areas without trees. (5)
(15)

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3.3 Describe the process of speciation through geographic isolation. (7)

3.4 The diagrams below represent the skulls of hominids.

cranial ridge

Homo sapiens Gorilla gorilla Homo naledi

3.4.1 List THREE similarities in relation to vision that are shared by these

organisms. (3)
3.4.2 Name ONE species in the diagram that was most prognathous. (1)
3.4.3 - Describe the TWO structures that caused the species named in

QUESTION 3.4.2 to be most prognathous. (2)
3.4.4 Homo naledi was bipedal for most of its adult life.

Explain how the structure of Homo naledi's skull would have

assisted in bipedalism. (3)
3.4.5 Describe the difference between Homo sapiens and Gorrilla gorilla

in relation to the shape of the:

(a} Spine (2)

(b) Pelvis (2)
3.4.6 Explain why the Gorrilla gorilla species has a cranial ridge. (2)

(15)

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3.5 Read the passage below.

Datura flowers open in the evening and release a powerful fragraance which
attracts hawk moths. The Datura produces a highly addictive nectar which
ensures that the hawk moths stay longer inside the flower and only visit
Datura flowers.

3.5.1 Explain TWO ways in which the Datura plants ensure that they are
reproductively isolated.

3.5.2 State TWO other mechanisms that would ensure reproductive
isolation in plants.

TOTAL SECTION B:
GRAND TOTAL:

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(4)

(2)
(6)
[50]

100
150

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Vertroulik

ite
y 2 basic education
(WWE
= Department:
(oo ) Basic Education
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA

SENIORSERTIFIKAAT-EKSAMEN/
NASIONALE SENIORSERTIFIKAAT-EKSAMEN

LEWENSWETENSKAPPE V2

| MEI/JUNIE 2024
l =

LEWENSWETENSKAPPE: Vraestel 2

10832A

PUNTE: 150

l TYD: 2% uur

X@5 Hierdie vraestel bestaan uit 17 bladsye.

I

Kopiereg voorbehou fl Blaai om asseblief

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INSTRUKSIES EN INLIGTING

Lees die volgende instruksies aandagtig deur voordat jy die vrae beantwoord.

1.

2.

oN ®

10.

11.

Kopiereg voorbehou

Beantwoord AL die vrae.
Skryf AL die antwoorde in die ANTWOORDEBOEK.
Begin die antwoorde op ELKE vraag boaan ‘n NUWE bladsy.

Nommer die antwoorde korrek volgens die nommeringstelsel wat in hierdie
vraestel gebruik is.

Bied jou antwoorde volgens die instruksies van elke vraag aan.
Maak ALLE sketse met potlood en skryf die byskrifte met biou of swart ink.
Teken diagramme, tabelle of vioeidiagramme slegs wanneer dit gevra word.

Die diagramme in hierdie vraestel is NIE noodwendig volgens skaal geteken
NIE.

MOENIE grafiekpapier gebruik NIE.

Jy moet 'n nieprogrammeerbare sakrekenaar, gradeboog en passer gebruik,
waar nodig.

Skryf netjies en leesbaar.

qo] Blaai om asseblief

OF oO]

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AFDELING A
VRAAG 1

41 Verskeie opsies word as moontlike antwoorde op die volgende vrae gegee.
Kies die antwoord en skryf slegs die letter (A-D) langs die vraagnommers
(1.1.1 tot 1.1.9) in die ANTWOORDEBOEK neer, bv. 1.1.10 D.

1.1.1 Watter vroulike wetenskaplike het X-strale van die DNS/DNA-
molekuul geneem en tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat DNS/DNA 'n
heliksvorm het?

A Watson
B_ Franklin
C Crick

D Wilkins

1.1.2 ‘n Sel met 14 chromosome ondergaan meiose.

Wat is die getal chromatiede in hierdie sel aan die begin van
meiose?

A 7

B 14
C 28
D 56

1.1.3 By die oorerwing van bloedgroepe is daar ...

A twee fenotipes wat deur drie allele beheer word.
B_ drie fenotipes wat deur twee allele beheer word.
C_ vier fenotipes wat deur drie allele beheer word.

D vier fenotipes wat deur twee allele beheer word.

1.1.4 Die volgende stellings verwys na seldeling:

(i) Oorkruising vind plaas

(ii) Dra by tot genetiese variasie in 'n bevolking

(iii) Produseer selle met 'n diploiede getal chromosome
{iv) Produseer slegs somatiese selle

Watter EEN van die volgende kombinasies van stellings verwys na
meiose?

Slegs (i), (ii) en (iii)
Slegs (i) en (ii)
Slegs (ii) en (iv)
Siegs (ii) en (iii)

elon: b 2

Kopiereg voorbehou als] Blaai om asseblief

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1.15 Daar word aanvaar dat buidelrotte (‘opossums’) en buidelmuise
(‘wombats’) uit 'n gemeenskaplike voorouer ontstaan het.

Die ingekleurde gedeeltes van die diagram hieronder toon die
verspreiding van hierdie spesies.

3
4
fhe %
g ‘Australi ,

?

Buidelmuise

GP

Die tipe bewys vir evolusie wat in die diagram voorgestel word,
is...

A_ biogeografie.

B modifikasie deur afstamming.
C_genetika.

D_kultureel.

1.1.6 ‘n Plant met geel (y) en ronde (R) ertjies word gekruis met 'n plant
met groen (Y) en gerimpelde (r) ertjies.

Watter EEN van die volgende is die moontlike genotipes van die
ouers (P1)?

yyRR x YYRr
YyRR x yyrr
Yyrr x YYRR
yyRR x YYrr

DOOYr

Kopiereg voorbehou OF AS Blaai om asseblief

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SS/NSS Vertroulik

'n Gedeelte van DNS/DNA bevat:

31% adenien in string 1
¢ 12% sitosien in string 2
e 27% guanien in string 2

In hierdie gedeelte van DNS/DNA sal daar ook ... wees.
A 31% adenien in string 2

B 12% sitosien in string 1

C 31% timien in string 2

D 27% sitosien in string 2

Twee mense het elk vier beskrywings oor hulleself gegee.

PERSOON 1 PERSOON 2
P_| Ek kan my tong rol. Ek kan nie my tong rol nie.
Q | Ekis 150 cm lank. Ek is 153 cm lank.
R_| Ek het ios oorleile. Ek het oorlelle wat vas is.
S_{ My bloedgroep is A. My bloedgroep is AB.

Watter EEN van die volgende kombinasies is voorbeelde van
diskontinue variasie?

A P,Qens
B P,RenS
Cc Q,RenS
D P,Q,RenS

Die fase in meiose waar chromatiede na die pole toe getrek word,
is...

anafase I.

telofase I.

metafase II.

anafase II. (9x2) (18)

UQOW>D>

Ale] Blaai om asseblief

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1.2 Gee die korrekte biologiese term vir elk van die volgende beskrywings. Skryf
slegs die term langs die vraagnommers (1.2.1 tot 1.2.8) in die
ANTWOORDEBOEK neer.

1.2.1

'n Gedeelte van 'n DNS/DNA-molekuul wat vir 'n spesifieke
eienskap kodeer

1.2.2 ’n Patroon van swart stawe wat die resultaat van DNS/DNA-analise
is

1.2.3 Evolusie wat gekenmerk word deur lang periodes met geen
veranderinge nie en afgewissel word deur kort periodes waar
vinnige verandering plaasvind

1.2.4 Die produksie van 'n geneties identiese kopie van 'n organisme
deur biotegnologie te gebruik

1.2.5 Ongedifferensieerde selle in diere wat die vermoé het om enige
soort weefsel te vorm

1.2.6 'n Genetiese afwyking wat veroorsaak dat 'n persoon nie tussen
die kleure rooi en groen kan onderskei nie

1.2.7 Die deel van die plant waar die manlike gamete geproduseer word

1.2.8 Die struktuur wat twee chromatiede verbind (8x 1)

1.3 Dui aan of elk van die stellings in KOLOM | van toepassing is op SLEGS A,
SLEGS B, BEIDE A EN B of GEENEEN van die items in KOLOM II nie. Skryf
slegs A, slegs B, beide A en B of geeneen langs die vraagnommers
(1.3.1 tot 1.3.3) in die ANTWOORDEBOEK neer.

KOLOM | KOLOM II
1.3.1 Die tipe dominansie waar A: Volledige dominansie
geeneen van die twee allele B: Kodominansie
dominant oor die ander een is
nie en 'n nageslag met 'n
intermediére fenotipe tot gevolg
het
1.3.2 Die punt waar twee chromatiede | A: © Chiasma
tydens oorkruising oorvievel B: _ Lokus
1.3.3 Die wetenskaplike wat die wet A: Darwin
van segregasie voorgeste| het B: _ Lamarck
(3 x 2)
Kopiereg voorbehou cal Blaai om asseblief

(8)

(6)

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1.4 Die diagramme hieronder stel twee tipes nukleiensure voor.

A
\

Diagram 1 Diagram 2

1.4.1

1.4.2

1.4.3

1.4.4

Kopiereg voorbehou

Identifiseer die nukleiensuur wat in diagram 1 getoon word.
Identifiseer:

(a) A

(b) B

Noem die tipe suiker wat aangetref word in die nukleiensuur wat in
diagram 2 voorgestel word.

Watter diagram (1 of 2) stel 'n nukleiensuur voor wat gebruik word
om:

(a) Die mens se voorouers vas te stel

(b) Vir vaderskap te toets

a fa] Blaai om asseblief

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)
(6)

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15 Die diagram hieronder toon die kariotipe van 'n gameet van 'n individu.

x

X

19

XXX
ay¥auay
a

15

¥ xX wv fy

20 21 22 23

1.5.1

1.5.2

1.5.3

1.5.4

Keopiereg voorbehou

Noem die tipe mutasie wat plaasgevind het tydens die produksie

van hierdie gameet.

Watter tipe gameet word in die kariotipe voorgestel?
Vir hierdie gameet, gee die getal:

(a) Outosome

(b) Gonosome

Hierdie gameet versmelt met 'n normale gameet.

Gebruik X- en Y-voorstelling en skryf die geslagschromosome van

die nageslag neer.

Blaai om asseblief

(1)

(1)
(1)

(2)
(6)

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1.6 Die diagram hieronder toon die evolusionére verwantskap tussen verskillende

spesies.

1.6.1
1.6.2

1.6.3
1.6.4

Kopiereg voorbehou

P. troglodytes Hesapiens neanderthalensis - 9°vila

Gemeenskaplike voorouer

Identifiseer die tipe diagram wat hierbo getoon word.
Gee die:
(a) Genus wat tot die Australopithecus by A aanleiding gegee het

(b) LETTER wat die mees onlangse gemeenskaplike voorouer
van beide H. sapiens en H. erectus voorstel

Noem TWEE spesies wat dieselfde tyd as H. erectus bestaan het.

Gee EEN voorbeeld van die fossiel van Australopithecus africanus
wat in Suid-Afrika gevind is.

TOTAAL AFDELING A:

oF yo] Blaai om asseblief

(1)

(1)

(1)
(2)
(1)
(6)
50

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AFDELING B
VRAAG 2
2.1 Die diagram hieronder stel ‘n fase tydens die sintese van 'n sekere proteien
voor.
Alanien 4 Histidien Fj) Triptofaan Leusien Fj Lisien
1
uU-
2
GA
i
3
2.1.1 Identifiseer organel 3.
2.1.2 Beskryf die rol van molekuul 1 tydens hierdie stadium van proteien-
sintese.
2.1.3 Gee die volgorde van die stikstofbasisse:
{a) By2
(b) Op die DNS/DNA-molekuul wat vir histidien gekodeer het
2.1.4 Tydens die sintese van dieselfde proteien was daar 'n verandering

Kopiereg voorbehou

in die volgorde van die aminosure omdat alanien deur triptofaan
vervang is.

Verduidelik die moontlike rede hiervoor.

OF iO] Blaai om asseblief

(1)

(2)

(1)

(2)

(3)
(9)

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2.2 Beskryf transkripsie. (6)

2.3 Die diagram hieronder ste! metafase I van meiose voor.

2.3.1 Identifiseer deel B. (1)
2.3.2 Noem EEN funksie van deel A. (4)
2.3.3 Verduidelik die bydrae van metafase I vir natuurlike seleksie. (6)

Die diagram hieronder toon vier moontlike dogterselle wat aan die einde van
hierdie meiose gevorm het.

A B c D
2.3.4 Teken sel D wat die ontbrekende 4° chromosoom insluit. (3)
(11)
Kopiereg voorbehou (a Blaai om asseblief

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2.4 Sistiese fibrose is 'n genetiese afwyking wat deur 'n resessiewe allee! (b)

veroorsaak word.

Die stamboomdiagram hieronder toon die oorerwing van sistiese fibrose in 'n
sekere familie.

O

1 2 3 4

Sleutel:

Manlik sonder sistiese fibrose

O Vroulik sonder sistiese fibrose
| Manlik met sistiese fibrose

e Vroulik met sistiese fibrose

2.4.1
2.4.2

2.4.3

2.4.4

Kopiereg voorbehou

Hoeveel generasies word in die diagram hierbo voorgestel?

Gee die genotipe van individu 9.

Verduidelik waarom beide individue 5 en 6 heterosigoties vir

sistiese fibrose moet wees.

Deur die letters B en b te gebruik, maak 'n genetiese kruising om
die oorerwing van sistiese fibrose te toon wanneer heterosigotiese

ouers gekruis word.

Blaai om asseblief

(1)
(1)

(4)

(6)
(12)

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Lewenswetenskappe/V2

25 Bt-mielies is 'n gewas wat
insekte te wees.

13

SS/NSS Vertroulik

DBE/Mei/#unie 2024

geneties gemodifiseerd is om weerstandig teen

Die tabel hieronder toon die persentasie grond wat gebruik is om Bt-mielies
aan te plant en die hoeveelheid insekdoder wat tussen 1995 en 2010 in 'n
sekere land gebruik is.

Jaar Grond gebruik om Hoeveelheid insekdoder
Bt-mielies aan te plant gebruik
(%) _(kg per hektaar)
1995 0 0,2
2000 20 0,13
2005 40 0,05
2010 60 0,01

2.5.1 Beskryf hoe genetiese manipulasie van Bt-mielies gedoen is.

2.5.2 Beskryf die verwantskap tussen die grond wat gebruik is om
Bt-mielies aan te plant en die hoeveelheid insekdoder wat gebruik
is.

2.5.3 Noem TWEE ander eienskappe van plante wat geneties
gemanipuleer is om voedselsekerheid te verhoog.

2.5.4 Teken 'n staafgrafiek wat die persentasie grond voorstel wat

gebruik is om Bt-mielies vanaf 1995 tot 2010 aan te plant.

Kopiereg voorbehou

Blaai om asseblief

(2)

(2)

(2)

(6)
(12)
[50]

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‘Welenskanpe/V2 14

VRAAG 3
3.1

SS/NSS Vertroulik

hlayiso.com

DBE/Mei/Junie 2024

Tussen 2012 en 2020 was daar 25 000 individue wat in 'n sekere land aan
emofilie gely het. Hemofilie is 'n genetiese afwyking wat deur 'n mutasie
Veroorsaak word.

Die sirkelgrafiek hieronder toon die persentasie individue met verskillende
9rade van hemofilie in hierdie land.

ee.

Die persentasie individue met verskillende grade van
hemofilie tussen 2012 en 2020 in 'n sekere land

Matig; 25%

Hoog; 40%

Kopiereg vom
Ime
ehou

Verduidelik die effek van hierdie mutasie op 'n individu.

Bereken die getal individue in hierdie land wat matig deur hemofilie
aangetas is. Toon ALLE berekeninge.

Verduidelik waarom daar verwag kan word dat die meeste
individue wat deur hemofilie aangetas is, mans sal wees.

Blaai om asseblief

(2)

(2)

(3)
(7)

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3.2 Insekte op eilande sonder bome sal waarskynlik nie vierke hé nie (vler kloos)
omdat dit vir hulle gevaarlik is om in 'n area te viieg waar daar sterk wince is.

'n Sekere eiland was eens op 'n tyd toe onder lang bome. Daar het met
verloop van jare ontbossing in sekere areas van die eiland plaasgevin d. Op
hierdie eiland het insekte, genaamd klipviieé, natuurlike seleksie ondergaan.
Sommige het vierke en sommige is vierkloos, afhangend van die area waar
hulle voorkom.,

Die diagram hieronder toon klipviieé met vierke en sonder vierke.

sk >

Klipviieg met vierke Klipviieg sonder vierke

Wetenskaplikes wou die verwantskap tussen die aanwesigheid van lang
bome en die vierke van steenviieé bepaal.

¢ Hulle het ses gebiede gekies, waarvan drie lang bome en drie geen bome
gehad het nie.

e Hulle het duisende klipviieé in elke gebied versamel deur van 'n spesiale
net gebruik te maak.

¢ Die monsters is gemerk na aanieiding van die gebied waarin dit versamel
is.

¢ Hierdie monsters is almal in die oggend tydens die somer versamel.
Die getal klipvlieé met vierke en die wat vierkloos was, is in elke gebied
getel en aangeteken.

3.2.1 Identifiseer die:

(a) Onafhanklike veranderlike (1)
(b) Afhanklike veranderlike (1)
3.2.2 Noem TWEE faktore wat tydens die ondersoek konstant gehou is. (2)
3.2.3 Noem TWEE maniere waarop die betroubaarheid van hierdie
ondersoek verseker is. (2)
3.2.4 Verduidelik waarom 'n mens kan verwag dat daar meer vlierklose
Klipviieé in die gebiede sonder bome sal wees. (4)
3.2.5 Beskryf hoe Lamarck die evolusie van vierklose klipvlieé in die
gebiede sonder bome sou verduidelik. (5)
(15)
Kopiereg voorbehou 4 Blaai om asseblief

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3.3 Beskryf die proses van spesiasie/spesievorming deur geografiese isolasie.
3.4 Die diagramme hieronder toon die skedels van hominiede.
kraniumrif
Homo sapiens Gorilla gorilla Homo naledi
3.4.1 Maak 'n lys van DRIE ooreenkomste wai hierdie organismes ten
opsigte van sig deel.
3.4.2 Noem EEN spesie in die diagram wat die meeste prognaties was.
3.4.3 Beskryf die TWEE strukture wat veroorsaak het dat die spesie wat
in VRAAG 3.4.2 genoem is, die meeste prognaties was.
3.4.4 Home naledi was bipedaal/tweevoetig vir die grootste deel van sy
volwasse lewe.
Verduidelik hoe die struktuur van Homo naledi se skedel met
bipedalisme kon gehelp het.
3.4.5 Beskryf die verskil tussen Homo sapiens en Gorrilla gorilla met
betrekking tot die vorm van die:
(a) Ruggraat
(b) Pelvis/Bekken
3.4.6 Verduidelik waarom die Gorrilla gorilla-spesie 'n kraniumrif het.

Kopiereg voorbehou

qo} Biaai om asseblief

OFAC

(7)

(3)
(1)

(2)

(3)

(2)
(2)

(2)
(15)

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3.5 Lees die uittreksel hieronder.

Die blomme van die stinkblaar (‘Datura’) maak in die aand cop en stel ‘n
kragtige geur vry wat pylstertmotte aantrek. Die stinkblaar produseer 'n hoogs
verslawende nektar wat verseker dat die pylstertmotte langer in die blom bly
en slegs die stinkblaar_besoek.

3.5.1 Verduidelik TWEE maniere waarop die stinkblaar verseker dat
hulle voortplantingsisolering het.

3.5.2 Noem TWEE ander meganismes wat voortplantingsisolering by
plante verseker.

TOTAAL AFDELING B:
GROOTTOTAAL:

Kopiereg voorbehou

Ea

(4)

(2)
(8)
[50]

100
150

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