# Business Studies Grade 11 P2 November Mock Exam 2 2026 Memo

> Grade 11 Business Studies Paper 2 memorandum from the November Mock Exam 2 2026 (English), 26 pages. Read online or download the free PDF.

- Page: https://www.hlayiso.com/library/grade-11-business-studies-2026-november-mock-exam-2-memorandum-paper-2/1a9888cc-be73-4665-a1af-deed1b7079ba
- Updated: 2026-10-29
- Subject: Business Studies
- Grade: Grade 11
- Language: English
- Document type: Memorandum
- Year: 2026
- Exam period: November Mock Exam 2
- Paper: 2
- Publisher: Hlayiso
- Curriculum: CAPS
- Pages: 26

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Business Studies · Grade 11 · November Mock Exam 2 · 2026 · English. Memorandum, 26 pages. Read online or download the PDF.

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### Page 1

Mock

                             hlayiso mock exams
                             Practice Series:
                             Grade 11 Exam Preparation
                             WWW.HLAYISO.COM

                                  NATIONAL
                             SENIOR CERTIFICATE

                                     GRADE 11

                               BUSINESS STUDIES P2
                      NOVEMBER EXAMINATION 2026 (MOCK)
                               MARKING GUIDELINES

MARKS: 150

                     These marking guidelines consist of 26 pages.

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### Page 2

Business Studies/P2                          2                               Hlayiso/Mock 2026
                                  NSC – Marking Guidelines

NOTES TO MARKERS
These notes are provided to ensure fair, consistent and reliable marking of this mock
examination.
1.    Candidates’ responses must be in full sentences for SECTIONS B and C, depending
      on the nature of the question.
2.    The marking guidelines are comprehensive but not exhaustive. Give credit to answers
      that are correct but use a different expression, come from another credible source, are
      original, or use a different approach. There is only ONE correct answer for each item in
      SECTION A.
3.    Where an answer is unclear or shows some understanding, award part-marks (e.g. one
      mark instead of two).
4.    The word ’Sub-max’ is used to allocate marks within a question or sub-question. The
      word ’Max’ shows the maximum marks for the question; circle the subtotal on the
      right-hand side as guided by ’Max’.
5.    In an indirect question (scenario-based), the theory and the response must be relevant
      and related to the question. Responses that must be quoted from a scenario receive
      ONE mark each.
6.    Do not give credit for repeated facts. Indicate repetition with an ’R’.
7.    Cognitive verbs:
      (a) Name, state, give, list, outline, quote, identify, motivate,
                                                                 √√ recommend, suggest and
      advise do not usually require much depth; the marks (          ) appear at the end of each
      fact.
      (b) Define, describe, explain, discuss, elaborate, distinguish, differentiate, analyse and
      evaluate require a greater depth of√understanding; ticks are separated, e.g. ’Product
      development is a √ growth strategy , where businesses introduce new products into
      existing markets.’
8.    Where a specific number of facts is required (e.g. ’any FOUR’), mark only the FIRST
      responses up to that number and draw a line through the rest. Mark only the FIRST
      answer where a question requires ONE answer.
9.    Where the number of facts is specified for describe/discuss/explain questions in
      SECTION B: fact (2 marks) and explanation (1 mark). In SECTION C the explanation
      earns 2 marks.

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### Page 3

Business Studies/P2                         3                               Hlayiso/Mock 2026
                                 NSC – Marking Guidelines

10.   SECTION C: The breakdown of essay marks is as follows:
       Introduction, Content, Conclusion   Max 32
       Insight                               8
       TOTAL                                40
      Insight (LASO) consists of the following components:
       Layout/           Is    there     an     introduction,    a   body      with     2
       Structure (L)     paragraphs/sub-headings and a conclusion? The
                         words INTRODUCTION and CONCLUSION must be
                         stated and supported by an explanation.
       Analysis and      Can the candidate break down the question into                 2
       interpretation    headings/sub-headings and interpret it correctly? All
       (A)               headings addressed: 1 mark. Interpretation (16 to 32
                         marks for facts): 1 mark.
       Synthesis (S)     Are relevant decisions/facts/responses made? Only              2
                         relevant facts in two or more sub-questions: 2 marks
                         (no ’-S’). Some irrelevant facts/only one sub-question
                         with relevant facts: 1 mark (one ’-S’). No relevant facts:
                         0 marks (two ’-S’).
       Originality (O)   Is there evidence of examples, based on recent                 2
                         information/current trends and developments (not older
                         than two years), in any TWO of the four sub-questions?
                                                            TOTAL FOR INSIGHT           8
11.   Indicate insight in the left-hand margin with a symbol (L, A, -S and/or O).
      Mark all relevant facts until the SUB-MAX/MAX in a subsection is reached, write
      SUB-MAX/MAX, but continue reading for originality (’O’). At the end of each essay
      show the allocation as follows:
       CONTENT MARKS
          Facts     32 (max.)
            L            2
            A            2
            S            2
            O            2
         TOTAL          40
12.   No marks are awarded for content repeated from the introduction and conclusion.
      Award TWO marks for complete sentences and ONE mark for phrases, incomplete
      sentences and vague answers.

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### Page 4

Business Studies/P2                       4                      Hlayiso/Mock 2026
                               NSC – Marking Guidelines

SECTION A
QUESTION 1
                   √√
1.1     1.1.1    D
                   √√
        1.1.2    B
                   √√
        1.1.3    C
                   √√
        1.1.4    A
                   √√
        1.1.5    C
                                                                     (5 x 2) (10)
                           √√
1.2     1.2.1    unlimited
                        √√
        1.2.2    equity
                            √√
        1.2.3    adjourning
                             √√
        1.2.4    outsourcing
                              √√
        1.2.5    retrenchment
                                                                     (5 x 2) (10)
                   √√
1.3     1.3.1    D
                   √√
        1.3.2    H
                   √√
        1.3.3    A
                   √√
        1.3.4    J
                   √√
        1.3.5    F
                                                                     (5 x 2) (10)
                                                                             [30]
                                                          BREAKDOWN OF MARKS
                                                          QUESTION 1 MARKS
                                                             1.1        10
                                                             1.2        10
                                                             1.3        10
                                                            TOTAL       30

                                                          TOTAL SECTION A:      30

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### Page 5

Business Studies/P2                           5                               Hlayiso/Mock 2026
                                   NSC – Marking Guidelines

SECTION B
Mark the answers to the FIRST TWO questions only.
QUESTION 2: BUSINESS VENTURES
2.1     Key success factors of a business
                           √
         - Sustainability
                         √
         - Profitability
                            √
         - Strategic focus
                                  √
         - Strong customer base
                                                 √
         - Market knowledge/Knowing the market
                                         √
         - Good leadership/management
                                               √
         - Ethics, control and good governance
                                    √
         - Stable/Skilled workforce
                                   √
         - Unique product/service
        Any other relevant answer related to the key success factors of a business.
        NOTE: Mark the first THREE (3) only.
                                                                                     (3 x 1) (3)
2.2     Steps to follow when drawing up an action plan
                                                                            √
         - Do strategic √ planning/Decide where  the business   wants to go  , e.g. its vision
           and goals.
                                           √                                            √
         - Set measurable/realistic goals that can be achieved within a set time.
                                        √                                              √
         - List all the tasks/activities that must be performed to reach the goals.
                                               √                             √
         - Divide big tasks into smaller parts that are easier to manage.
                                                                    √
         - Arrange the tasks in a logical order/Prioritise
                                           √               the tasks so that the most
           important tasks are done first.
                                              √                    √
         - Decide on deadlines/time frames for every activity.
                                                          √               √
         - Allocate resources and responsible persons to each task.
                                                        √                               √
         - Create a visual representation of the plan , e.g. a Gantt chart/timeline.
                                          √                                   √
         - Anticipate possible problems and plan how to deal with them.
                                              √                                           √
         - Check/Review progress regularly and adjust the plan where necessary.
        Any other relevant answer related to the steps to follow when drawing up an action
        plan.
        NOTE: Accept the steps in any order.
                                                                                       Max (6)

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### Page 6

Business Studies/P2                          6                              Hlayiso/Mock 2026
                                  NSC – Marking Guidelines

2.3     Avenues of acquiring a business
        2.3.1    Avenue
                                        √√
                 Franchising/Franchise                                                     (2)
                 Motivation
                 Zanele signed an agreement with Grill Masters to run one  √ of its fast-food
                 outlets in Polokwane under the Grill Masters
                                                        √      brand name.  /She pays Grill
                 Masters 6% of her monthly turnover /(She) must√buy all her ingredients
                 from the suppliers that Grill Masters has approved.                       (1)
                 NOTE: 1. Award marks for the avenue even if the quote is incomplete.
                       2. Do not award marks for the motivation if the avenue was
                       incorrectly identified.
                                                                             Max (3)
        2.3.2    Disadvantages of franchising for the franchisee
                                              √                                     √
                  - Royalties/Ongoing fees reduce the franchisee’s profits.
                                                                 √
                  - The initial
                           √ franchise fee may be very high , which makes it expensive to
                    start.
                                                               √
                  - Strict rules/conditions
                                         √  of the franchisor    limit the franchisee’s
                    freedom/creativity.
                                                                                       √
                  - The franchisee must buy √   stock from approved suppliers only , which
                    may be more expensive.
                                                          √
                  - Poor service by√ other  franchisees      may damage the image of the
                    whole brand.
                                                                                     √
                  - The franchisor may cancel/refuse
                                              √           to renew the agreement if
                    conditions are not met.
                                                                                      √
                  - The franchisee √ may  only  operate  in a specific area/territory   , which
                    limits growth.
                                                                        √
                  - The franchisee√cannot easily sell the business without the approval of
                    the franchisor.
                 Any other relevant answer related to the disadvantages of franchising for
                 the franchisee.
                 NOTE: Do not award marks for the disadvantages if the avenue in
                         QUESTION 2.3.1 was incorrectly identified.
                                                                                  Max (4)

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### Page 7

Business Studies/P2                             7                            Hlayiso/Mock 2026
                                     NSC – Marking Guidelines

2.4     Sources of funding
        2.4.1    Sources of funding used by TMR
                        SOURCES OF                              MOTIVATIONS
                         FUNDING
                     1. Own                   Tebogo used R40 000 of his√own savings to
                     capital/Personal√√       start TMR in Bloemfontein.
                     savings/Equity
                     2. Trade credit/Credit
                                    √√        He bought repair tools from a supplier and
                                                                                     √
                     from suppliers           agreed to pay for them within 60 days.
                              √√
                     3. Grant                 TMR also received R25 000 from a government
                                              development agency,
                                                            √     which does not have to
                                              be paid back.
                     Sub-max (4)              Sub-max (2)
                 NOTE: 1. Mark the first TWO (2) only.
                       2. Award marks for the sources of funding even if the quotes are
                       incomplete.
                       3. Do not award marks for the motivation if the source of funding
                       was incorrectly identified.
                                                                               Max (6)
        2.4.2    Reasons why businesses need funding
                                         √                        √
                  - To start the business and pay start-up costs.
                                         √                                 √
                  - To buy fixed assets, e.g. equipment/vehicles/premises.
                                               √                            √
                  - To buy stock/raw materials needed for production/sales.
                                                          √                               √
                  - To pay day-to-day operating expenses, e.g. salaries/rent/electricity.
                                                 √                         √
                  - To expand/grow the business, e.g. open new branches.
                                                        √                  √
                  - To pay for research and development of new products.
                                                 √            √
                  - To fund marketing/advertising campaigns.
                                                 √                    √
                  - To cover cash-flow shortages during slow periods.
                                                     √                 √
                  - To replace old/outdated equipment and technology.
                 Any other relevant answer related to the reasons why businesses need
                 funding.
                                                                                 Max (4)

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### Page 8

Business Studies/P2                          8                               Hlayiso/Mock 2026
                                  NSC – Marking Guidelines

2.5     Characteristics of a partnership
                                                                       √
         - Formed by an  √ agreement   between   two  or more persons     (no maximum number
           of partners).
                                                                 √
         - The partnership√agreement may be oral or written, but a written agreement is
           recommended.
                                                 √
         - It has no separate√ legal personality   ; the partners are not legally separate from
           the partnership.
                                             √
         - Partners
                  √ have unlimited liability and are jointly and severally liable for the
           debts.
                                √                                                            √
         - It has no continuity ; it ends when a partner dies/retires/a new partner joins.
                                                   √                                          √
         - Capital is contributed by the partners , which may limit the amount available.
                                                             √                       √
         - Management and decision-making are shared among the partners.
                               √                                            √
         - Profits are shared according to the partnership agreement.
                                                             √
         - The partnership itself does √ not pay income tax ; each partner is taxed on
           his/her share of the profits.
                                               √
         - There √are few legal requirements and it does not have to register with the
           CIPC.
                                                  √
         - It may have silent/sleeping
                             √           partners    who contribute capital but do not take part
           in management.
        Any other relevant answer related to the characteristics of a partnership.
                                                                                      Max (6)
2.6     Aspects that must be included in a prospectus
                                 √                                      √
         - Company overview , including its vision, mission and goals.
                                       √                                      √
         - Product/Service portfolio that describes what the company sells.
                                           √
         - Market analysis and √  strategy that show the company’s target
           market/competitors.
                                                      √                      √
         - Details of the management team/directors and their experience.
                                                √
         - Risks and √ potential of the business so that investors can make informed
           decisions.
                               √                                             √
         - Share information , e.g. the number and price of shares offered.
                                  √                 √
         - Assets and liabilities of the company.
                                           √                                            √
         - Audited financial statements that show the profits/losses of previous years.
                                  √                                   √
         - Prospects for growth and expected returns for investors.
                                         √
         - The minimum
                     √    subscription /amount that must be raised before shares are
           allotted.
                                                  √                √
         - Date of registration of the prospectus with the CIPC.
        Any other relevant answer related to the aspects of a prospectus.
                                                                                      Max (4)

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Business Studies/P2                         9                             Hlayiso/Mock 2026
                                 NSC – Marking Guidelines

2.7     Importance of timelines as a planning tool
                                      √                                      √
         - Show the sequence/order in which activities must be completed.
                                      √                                      √
         - Show the dates/deadlines by which each activity must be done.
                                    √                           √
         - Help to monitor progress and identify delays early.
                                              √            √
         - Help the business to manage time effectively.
                                                √                            √
         - Give a visual overview of the project that is easy to understand.
                                      √                  √
         - Help to allocate resources at the right time.
                                          √                                   √
         - Help to communicate the plan to all team members/stakeholders.
                                         √                                √
         - Keep the project on schedule so that it is completed on time.
        Any other relevant answer related to the importance of timelines as a planning tool.
                                                                                  Max (4)
                                                                                        [40]
                                                              BREAKDOWN OF MARKS
                                                              QUESTION 2 MARKS
                                                                  2.1        3
                                                                  2.2        6
                                                                 2.3.1       3
                                                                 2.3.2       4
                                                                 2.4.1       6
                                                                 2.4.2       4
                                                                  2.5        6
                                                                  2.6        4
                                                                  2.7        4
                                                                TOTAL       40

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### Page 10

Business Studies/P2                         10                              Hlayiso/Mock 2026
                                  NSC – Marking Guidelines

QUESTION 3: BUSINESS ROLES
3.1     External causes of change in the workplace
                                                         √
         - New technology/Technological developments
                                                                     √
         - Economic changes, e.g. inflation/interest rates/recession
                                                √
         - New legislation/Government policies
                             √
         - Political changes
                                         √
         - Competition/New competitors
                         √
         - Globalisation
                                                            √
         - Social/Demographic changes, e.g. urbanisation
                                                  √
         - Changing customer needs/preferences
                                       √
         - Natural disasters/Pandemics
        Any other relevant answer related to the external causes of change.
        NOTE: Mark the first FOUR (4) only.
                                                                                   (4 x 1) (4)
3.2     Principles of professionalism
                                           √                          √
         - Act with honesty and integrity in all business dealings.
                                                √                                   √
         - Be accountable/Take responsibility for one’s actions and decisions.
                                                           √
         - Keep client/business
                        √         information confidential   and do not share it without
           permission.
                                      √                       √
         - Be punctual and reliable , e.g. meet deadlines.
                          √                                                           √
         - Show respect towards customers, colleagues and other stakeholders.
                          √                                                          √
         - Be competent , i.e. have the knowledge and skills needed for the job.
                                 √                                             √
         - Dress appropriately and follow the dress code of the business.
                                               √                       √
         - Communicate clearly and politely with all stakeholders.
                                                 √                                   √
         - Provide good customer service/care to build long-term relationships.
                                        √                                    √
         - Follow the code of conduct /laws that apply to the profession.
                                  √                                         √
         - Treat all people fairly , without favouritism or discrimination.
                                        √                            √
         - Continuously improve skills through training/learning.
        Any other relevant answer related to the principles of professionalism.
                                                                                     Max (6)

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Business Studies/P2                             11                            Hlayiso/Mock 2026
                                      NSC – Marking Guidelines

3.3     Problem-solving techniques
        3.3.1    Problem-solving techniques used by IP
                         TECHNIQUES                              MOTIVATIONS
                     1. Nominal√√
                                group          Each manager
                                                         √    first wrote down his/her ideas
                     technique                 privately. /The ideas were then shared with√
                                               the group, discussed and ranked by voting.
                     2. Force-field
                              √√               The managers then listed all the factors that
                     analysis                  supported the move and all the factors against
                                               it, and gave each √factor a score before making
                                               a final decision.
                     Sub-max (4)               Sub-max (2)
                 NOTE: 1. Award marks for the techniques even if the quotes are
                       incomplete.
                       2. Do not award marks for the motivation if the technique was
                       incorrectly identified.
                                                                             Max (6)
        3.3.2    Application of the brainstorming technique by IP
                                                           √
                  - IP should define the problem
                                            √      clearly    , e.g. whether production should
                    move to a new factory.
                                         √                                              √
                  - Appoint a facilitator to lead the session and record the ideas.
                  - Encourage√ all managers/employees
                                               √            to give as many ideas as
                    possible in a short time.
                                                          √                        √
                  - No idea should be criticised/judged during the session.
                                                                             √
                  - Members√  may   build on/combine  the  ideas   of others   to create new
                    ideas.
                                                            √                                  √
                  - Record all ideas on a board/flip chart where everyone can see them.
                                                                   √
                  - Evaluate/Rank the  √ideas after the session and choose the most
                    suitable solution.
                 Any other relevant answer related to the application of the brainstorming
                 technique.
                 NOTE: The answer must be applied to IP/the problem in the scenario.
                                                                            Max (4)
3.4     Stages of team development
                       √√
        3.4.1  Forming
                                                                                               (2)
                             √√
        3.4.2    Norming
                                                                                               (2)
                               √√
        3.4.3    Performing
                                                                                            (2)
                                                                                    (3 x 2) (6)

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Business Studies/P2                             12                            Hlayiso/Mock 2026
                                      NSC – Marking Guidelines

3.5     Major changes
        3.5.1    Major changes that NE has to deal with
                      MAJOR CHANGES                              MOTIVATIONS
                     1. Affirmative
                             √√                Ngwenya Engineering appointed qualified
                     action                    women and black employees to management
                                               positions to √
                                                            meet the targets in its employment
                                               equity plan.
                                   √√
                     2. HIV/AIDS               The business also runs an awareness and
                                               testing programme because many employees
                                               were absent√ from work due to HIV-related
                                               illnesses.
                     Sub-max (4)               Sub-max (2)
                 NOTE: 1. Award marks for the major changes even if the quotes are
                       incomplete.
                       2. Do not award marks for the motivation if the major change
                       was incorrectly identified.
                                                                           Max (6)
        3.5.2    Strategies to deal with affirmative action
                  - Comply with√√ the Employment Equity Act and draw up an employment
                    equity plan.
                  - Set realistic
                            √√ targets for the appointment of people from designated
                    groups.
                  - Appoint√√qualified/competent people from designated groups, not
                    tokens.
                  - Provide training/mentoring/skills
                                         √√           development to employees from
                    designated groups.
                  - Promote suitably
                               √√      qualified employees from designated groups to senior
                    positions.
                                                                                        √√
                  - Communicate the affirmative action policy clearly to all employees.
                  - Appoint an√√ employment equity committee/manager to monitor
                    progress.
                  - Submit employment
                                  √√      equity reports to the Department of Employment
                    and Labour.
                 Any other relevant answer related to strategies to deal with affirmative
                 action.
                                                                                     Max (4)

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### Page 13

Business Studies/P2                        13                            Hlayiso/Mock 2026
                                 NSC – Marking Guidelines

3.6     Ways to create an environment that stimulates creative thinking
        - Encourage employees
                            √√ to share new ideas, e.g. through suggestion
          boxes/meetings.
                                                                  √√
        - Reward/Recognise employees whose ideas are used.
                                                                               √√
        - Allow employees to make mistakes without being punished/criticised.
                                                                            √√
        - Provide training in creative thinking/problem-solving techniques.
                                                                                   √√
        - Create relaxed/comfortable work spaces where employees can think freely.
                                                                 √√
        - Give employees time to work on new ideas/projects.
                                                                         √√
        - Form diverse teams that bring different views/skills together.
                                                                          √√
        - Managers should lead by example and be open to new ideas.
                                                                      √√
        - Provide resources, e.g. internet access/research material.
        Any other relevant answer related to ways to create an environment that stimulates
        creative thinking.
                                                                                  Max (4)
                                                                                       [40]
                                                              BREAKDOWN OF MARKS
                                                              QUESTION 3 MARKS
                                                                  3.1        4
                                                                  3.2        6
                                                                 3.3.1       6
                                                                 3.3.2       4
                                                                 3.4.1       2
                                                                 3.4.2       2
                                                                 3.4.3       2
                                                                 3.5.1       6
                                                                 3.5.2       4
                                                                  3.6        4
                                                                TOTAL       40

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Business Studies/P2                        14                              Hlayiso/Mock 2026
                                 NSC – Marking Guidelines

QUESTION 4: MISCELLANEOUS TOPICS

BUSINESS VENTURES
4.1     Aspects of a Memorandum of Incorporation
                                  √
         - Name of the company
                             √
         - Type of company
                                     √
         - Registered office/address
                                √
         - Number of directors
                                                         √
         - Share capital/Number and classes of shares
                                                                             √
         - Rights, duties and responsibilities of shareholders and directors
                                          √
         - Rules for meetings and voting
                              √
         - Financial year-end
        Any other relevant answer related to the aspects of an MOI.
        NOTE: Mark the first TWO (2) only.
                                                                                    (2 x 1) (2)

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Business Studies/P2                        15                              Hlayiso/Mock 2026
                                 NSC – Marking Guidelines

4.2     Types of companies
                                              √√
        4.2.1    Personal liability company
                                                                                           (2)
                                        √√
        4.2.2    State-owned company
                                                                                           (2)
4.3     Impact of buying an existing business
        Positives/Advantages
                                                                   √
         - The business already has √ an established customer base , so income is
           generated immediately.
                                                             √√
         - Suppliers and supply chains are already in place.
                                                                  √√
         - Trained/Experienced employees are already employed.
                                                      √
         - The business
                  √       has a financial track record , which makes it easier to obtain
           loans.
                                √                               √
         - Less risk is involved than starting a new business.
                                                                   √√
         - Premises, equipment and systems are already in place.
        Any other relevant answer related to the positive impact of buying an existing
        business.
                                         AND/OR
        Negatives/Disadvantages
                                                                √√
         - The buyer may have to pay a high price for goodwill.
                                                                √                     √
         - Equipment/premises may be old and need replacing , which adds costs.
                                                   √                         √
         - The buyer may inherit a poor reputation or unhappy customers.
                                                       √                                √
         - Hidden problems, e.g. debts/legal disputes may only appear after the sale.
                                                   √                           √
         - Existing employees may resist changes made by the new owner.
                                                  √                   √
         - The location may no longer be suitable for the business.
        Any other relevant answer related to the negative impact of buying an existing
        business.
        NOTE: Mark either positives or negatives or a combination of both.
                                                                                    Max (6)

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### Page 16

Business Studies/P2                         16                              Hlayiso/Mock 2026
                                  NSC – Marking Guidelines

4.4     Legal requirements for the name of a company
                                         √                                  √
         - The name must be original and must not be misleading.
                                                   √
         - It must not be the same √  as/similar to the name of another company, unless it is
           part of the same group.
                                                               √
         - It must not suggest √ that the company   is part of   another business/person/the
           state if it is not.
                                      √                                √
         - It must not be offensive or promote violence/hatred.
                                                             √
         - The name must indicate√the type of company , e.g. end with Ltd/(Pty)
           Ltd/Inc./SOC Ltd/NPC.
                                                                   √
         - The name must appear    √  on all company   documents     , e.g.
           letterheads/invoices.
                                                         √                                   √
         - The name may be reserved with the CIPC for six months before registration.
        Any other relevant answer related to the legal requirements for the name of a
        company.
                                                                                  Max (4)
4.5     Project planning steps
                                                  √
         - Define the scope/aim of the project.
                                                           √
         - Identify the project supporters/stakeholders.
                                                    √
         - Break the project down into activities.
                                                                       √
         - Determine how long each activity will take/Set time frames.
                                    √
         - Set milestones/targets.
                                                  √
         - Allocate responsibilities to persons.
                                                                          √
         - Calculate the financial, human and technical resources needed.
                                                          √
         - Plot the activities on a Gantt chart/timeline.
                                      √
         - Execute the project plan.
                                                          √
         - Monitor, review and communicate progress.
        Any other relevant answer related to the project planning steps.
        NOTE: 1. Mark the first FOUR (4) only.
              2. Accept the steps in any order.
                                                                                  (4 x 1) (4)

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### Page 17

Business Studies/P2                          17                                  Hlayiso/Mock 2026
                                   NSC – Marking Guidelines

BUSINESS ROLES
4.6     Theories of ethics
        4.6.1    Theory
                                          √√
                 Consequential theory                                                             (2)
                 Explanation
                  - An action is judged as right√ or wrong according to its
                    outcome/consequences.
                  - If the expected result√ of an action is good, the action is ethical; if it is
                    bad, it is unethical.
                  - The business should√create the greatest value while harming as few
                    people as possible.
                 Any other relevant answer related to the consequential theory.
                                                                                                 (1)
                 NOTE: Do not award marks for the explanation if the theory was
                       incorrectly identified.
                                                                        Max (3)
        4.6.2    Theory
                                   √√
                 Rights approach                                                                 (2)
                 Explanation
                  - Every person has basic human rights, e.g. the right to√    privacy/fair
                    treatment/the truth, which the business must respect.
                                                                                                 √
                  - An action is ethical if it respects the rights of the people affected by it.
                  - The business
                           √       must not use people only as a means to achieve its own
                    goals.
                 Any other relevant answer related to the rights approach.
                                                                                                 (1)
                 NOTE: Do not award marks for the explanation if the theory was
                       incorrectly identified.
                                                                        Max (3)
4.7     Professionalism and ethics
        4.7.1    Ways in which PA conducts business professionally and ethically
                 - Employees of  √Phakama Accountants keep all client information strictly
                   confidential.
                                                           √
                 - They arrive on time for client meetings
                                                                                           √
                 - and submit accurate tax returns for their clients before the deadlines.
                 NOTE: 1. Mark the first TWO (2) only.
                       2. Only award marks for responses that are quoted from the
                       scenario.
                                                                       (2 x 1) (2)

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### Page 18

Business Studies/P2                         18                               Hlayiso/Mock 2026
                                  NSC – Marking Guidelines

        4.7.2    Impact of unprofessional and unethical behaviour on a business
                                                                          √
                  - The reputation/image √  of the business   is damaged    , which may lead to
                    the loss of clients.
                                                         √                                     √
                  - Clients lose trust in the business and take their work to competitors.
                                                                  √
                  - The business may face   √ legal action/fines , e.g. if confidential client
                    information is leaked.
                                                                                  √
                  - Professional bodies√may withdraw its membership/licence , so it can
                    no longer practise.
                                            √                                      √
                  - Profits may decrease because of lost clients/legal costs.
                                                                                 √
                  - It becomes√difficult to attract skilled employees/investors to the
                    business.
                                                         √
                  - Employee morale √ may decrease , which leads to poor productivity/high
                    staff turnover.
                 Any other relevant answer related to the impact of unprofessional and
                 unethical behaviour.
                                                                                   Max (4)
4.8     Difference between a workplace forum and a trade union
                     WORKPLACE FORUM                             TRADE UNION
                                                                                     √
          Represents√all employees in the            Represents only its members
                                                                           √             who
          workplace , whether
                          √    they are union        pay membership fees.
          members or not.
          Focuses on workplace issues, e.g.          Focuses on wages and conditions √√of
          productivity/efficiency/work
                    √√                               employment/collective bargaining.
          methods.
                                                                                     √
          Is consulted by the employer/takes
                                   √          part   Negotiates with the√ employer       and
          in joint decision-making
                    √                on certain      may call a strike.
          matters.
                                          √                                   √
          Operates in a single workplace
                                      √     with     May represent employees in   √ many
          more than 100 employees.                   businesses/a whole industry.
          Sub-max (2)                                Sub-max (2)
        Any other relevant answer related to the difference between a workplace forum and
        a trade union.
        NOTE: 1. The answer does not have to be in tabular format.
                2. The difference must be clear.
                                                                                 Max (4)

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### Page 19

Business Studies/P2                        19                              Hlayiso/Mock 2026
                                 NSC – Marking Guidelines

4.9     Advantages of working with others to solve problems
                                                     √                    √
         - More ideas/alternatives are generated than by one person.
                                                                        √
         - Team members bring√    different skills/knowledge/experience  , which leads to
           better decisions.
                                    √                                 √
         - The workload is shared , so problems are solved faster.
                                                           √
         - Members√  are more committed to the solution because they took part in the
           decision.
                                    √                                        √
         - Mistakes are less likely because ideas are checked by others.
                                                  √                            √
         - Employees learn from one another and develop their own skills.
                                                   √                   √
         - Builds team spirit/good relationships among employees.
        Any other relevant answer related to the advantages of working with others to solve
        problems.
                                                                                 Max (4)
                                                                                       [40]
                                                               BREAKDOWN OF MARKS
                                                               QUESTION 4 MARKS
                                                                   4.1        2
                                                                  4.2.1       2
                                                                  4.2.2       2
                                                                   4.3        6
                                                                   4.4        4
                                                                   4.5        4
                                                                  4.6.1       3
                                                                  4.6.2       3
                                                                  4.7.1       2
                                                                  4.7.2       4
                                                                   4.8        4
                                                                   4.9        4
                                                                 TOTAL       40

                                                                TOTAL SECTION B:            80

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### Page 20

Business Studies/P2                         20                               Hlayiso/Mock 2026
                                  NSC – Marking Guidelines

SECTION C
Mark the answer to the FIRST question only.
QUESTION 5: BUSINESS VENTURES (PRESENTATION OF BUSINESS INFORMATION)
5.1     Introduction
                                                                            √
         - Business information can be presented verbally or non-verbally.
         - Visual aids such
                          √ as handouts, posters and flip charts make a presentation easier
           to understand.
                                                                                    √
         - A business report gives a written record of information to stakeholders.
         - Presenting√information effectively helps stakeholders to make informed
           decisions.
        Any other relevant answer related to verbal and non-verbal presentations/visual
        aids/report writing/importance of presenting business information.
                                                                           Any (2 x 1) (2)
5.2     Difference between a verbal and a non-verbal presentation
                VERBAL PRESENTATION                     NON-VERBAL PRESENTATION
          Information
                    √ is communicated√orally/by      Information is communicated√ in
          speaking to an audience.                   written/printed/visual
                                                                √           form without
                                                     speaking.
                                            √
          The presenter is usually present √ and     The audience
                                                                √ can read the      √
          can interact with the audience.            information in their own time.
                                           √                             √
          Immediate √feedback/questions      are     Feedback√is delayed or not
          possible.                                  possible.
                                         √
          Body language/tone
                        √       of voice   support   Relies on clear         √
          the message.                               writing/graphs/pictures
                                                                √              to convey the
                                                     message.
          E.g. speeches, meetings, oral     √√       E.g. reports, flyers,√√
                                                                          graphs, tables,
          presentations, video conferences.          handouts, posters.
          Sub-max (4)                                Sub-max (4)
        Any other relevant answer related to the difference between verbal and non-verbal
        presentations.
        NOTE: 1. The answer does not have to be in tabular format.
              2. The difference must be clear.
                                                                                       Max (8)

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