# Economics Grade 11 P2 North West June 2024 Memo (English)

> Grade 11 Economics Paper 2 memorandum from the North West June Exam 2024 (English), 16 pages. Read online or download the free PDF.

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- Updated: 2026-10-29
- Subject: Economics
- Grade: Grade 11
- Language: English
- Document type: Memorandum
- Year: 2024
- Exam period: North West June Exam
- Paper: 2
- Curriculum: CAPS
- Pages: 16

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Economics · Grade 11 · North West June Exam · 2024 · English. Memorandum. Read online or download the PDF.

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### Page 1

GRADE 11

                                   ECONOMICS P2
                                      JUNE 2024
                               MARKING GUIDELINES

         •
MARKS: 150

                     These marking guidelines consist of 16 pages.

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Economics/P2                                  2                              NW/June 2024
                                Grade 11 – Marking Guidelines

SECTION A (COMPULSORY)

QUESTION 1                                                      30 MARKS - 20 MINUTES

1.1 MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

      1.1.1    A-    price makers 
      1.1.2    D-    absolute price 
      1.1.3    C-    factor 
      1.1.4    B-    Economic profit 
      1.1.5    B-    TC 
      1.1.6    D-    price leaders 
      1.1.7    A-    scarcity 
      1.1.8    C-    normal                  (8 x 2) (16)

1.2 MATCHING ITEMS

      1.2.1    E-    products is standardised 
      1.2.2    G-    buyers and sellers discuss prices 
      1.2.3    H-    total cost divided the total number of units produced 
      1.2.4    F-    total satisfaction gained by adding up all the utils 
      1.2.5    A-    payments of money made for the for the factors of production and
                     other inputs that are used in the production process 
      1.2.6    D-    the value is more than one, but less than infinity 
      1.2.7    C-    when income rises, larger quantities are demanded 
      1.2.8    I-    positive cross elasticity of demand          (8 x 1) (8)

1.3 GIVE ONE TERM

      1.3.1    Joint supply 
      1.3.2    Labour intensive 
      1.3.3    Revenue 
      1.3.4    Marginal cost 
      1.3.5    Compliments/Complimentary products 
      1.3.6    Price elasticity of demand 
                                                        (6 x 1) (6)

                                                                TOTAL SECTION A:       30

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Economics/P2                                    3                               NW/June 2024
                                  Grade 11 – Marking Guidelines

SECTION B

Answer any TWO of the three questions in this section in the ANSWER BOOK.

QUESTION 2: MICROECONOMICS                                        40 MARKS – 30 MINUTES

2.1 Answer the following questions.

      2.1.1    Name any TWO examples of complimentary products.

               •     Tennis rackets and tennis balls 
               •     Television and PlayStation 
               •     Bread and butter 
               •     Tea and milk 
                     (Accept any other correct relevant response)               (2 x 1) (2)

      2.1.2    Explain the relationship between the products and the factors
               markets.

               • If the demand for goods and services in the products market
                 increases, the demand for factors of production will also
                 increase. 
               • The demand for factors of production is derived from the
                 demand goods and services. 
                 (Accept any other correct relevant response)                (1 x 2) (2)

2.2 DATA RESPONSE

      2.2.1    Identify the market structure in the cartoon above.

               Monopoly 
                                                                                   (1)

      2.2.2    Name the service provided by the state owned enterprise in the
               cartoon above.

               Electricity                                                              (1)

      2.2.3    Briefly describe the term market structure.

               The main features / characteristics of the market in which business sell
               their products. 
               (Accept any other correct relevant response)                             (2)

      2.2.4    Explain how price is determined in perfect competition.

               Prices are determined by the forces of demand and supply.               (2)

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Economics/P2                                   4                                NW/June 2024
                                 Grade 11 – Marking Guidelines

      2.2.5    How can competition be used to increase the standard of living?

               • No excessive control over price in the hands of buyers or sellers
                 (price determined by demand and supply). 
               • Buyers are not forced to pay high prices and sellers receive a
                 good enough price to stay in business. 
               • Competition creates large output and large choice. 
               • Due to the many sellers, consumers can shop around and buy from
                 whoever they want. 
               • Increased choice and limited (no) control over price makes products
                 cheaper and consumers can buy more with their limited income and
                 thus increase their standard of living. 
                (Accept any other correct relevant response)                   (2 x 2) (4)

2.3 DATA RESPONSE

      2.3.1    Name the TWO products that are compared in the graph above.

               Android phones and Apple phones.                                         (1)

      2.3.2    Identify the type of relationship between the products in the graph
               above.

               Substitute products. 
                                                                              (1)

      2.3.3    Briefly describe the term relative prices.

               • The price of various goods in relation to each other is very important. 
               • Relative prices tell us how much cheaper / expensive the price of a
                 good is compared to one another. 
               • Based on these information consumers choose which products to buy
                 and producers choose which products to produce. 
                 (Accept any other correct relevant response)                            (2)

      2.3.4    Why would the price of a product increase if the price of fuel
               increases?

               • Fuel is an input cost in the production process and are used to
                 transport goods.
               • Fuel is also used in generators used during load shedding. 
                 (Accept any other correct relevant response)                             (2)

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Economics/P2                                     5                              NW/June 2024
                                   Grade 11 – Marking Guidelines

      2.3.5       Explain what happens to the demand for Apple phones when there
                  is a decrease in the price of Android phones?

                  • The demand for Apple phones will decrease when the price of
                    Android phones decreases. 
                  • With a decrease in price of Android phones the demand for Android
                    phones will increase and at the same time the supply of Android
                    phones must increase. 
                    (Accept any other correct relevant response)                (2 x 2) (4)

2.4 With the aid of a graph discus how oligopolies set prices in the market.

                         OLIGOPOLIST KINKED DEMAND GRAPH.

                  R14              E1

                  R12                       E

          Price   R10                           E2

                     0
                                 50     120125

                                                 Quantity

                                     Mark allocation
       Correct labeling of the axis                                 = 1 mark
       Correct drawing of the Kinked Demand curve                   = 1 mark
       Correct indication of price increase / decreased demand      = 1 mark
       Correct indication of price decrease / increased demand      = 1 mark

      • At equilibrium point E the oligopolist will earn P x Q / R12 x 120 =
        R1 680. 
      • At equilibrium point E1 the oligopolist will earn P x Q / R14 x 50 =
        R700.
      • At equilibrium point E2 the ologopolist will earn P x Q / R10 x 125 =
        R1 250. 
      • As illustrated by the graph, when the individual oligopolist increases his
        price above equilibrium E, he will earn less due to the kinked demand
        curve.
      • At E1, even though his unit price increased, the huge drop in demand led
        to the decrease in income. 

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Economics/P2                                   6                                 NW/June 2024
                                 Grade 11 – Marking Guidelines

      • As illustrated in the graph, If the oligopolist decrease his price below E, he
        will earn less due to the kinked demand graph. 
      • At E2, even though his unit price decreased, the small increase in demand
        lead to the decrease in income. 
        (Accept any other correct relevant response)                              (Max 4) (8)

2.5 Assess the importance of the availability of information as a
    characteristic of markets.

      • The same information about markets conditions and the product available
        to all participants in the market at the same time. 
      • Under a perfect competition, we assume that all participants have complete
        knowledge of the market conditions and the product and are able to make
        accurate decisions. 
      • Under imperfect competition, firms have incomplete information and they
        function under uncertain conditions. 
      • Monopoly, technical knowledge is not available to consumers and all new
        entrants in the market. 
      • Oligopoly, existing firms may have all the technical information, but new
        entrants are unable to acquire. 
      • Monopolistic competition, any new firms entering the market and consumers
        has full information. 
        (Accept any other correct relevant response)
        (A maximum of 2 marks may be allocated for mere listing of
        facts/examples)                                                         (4 x 2) (8)
                                                                                        [40]

QUESTION 3: MICROECONOMICS                                       40 MARKS – 30 MINUTES

3.1 Answer the following questions.

      3.1.1    Name the TWO contributors to total cost.

               • Variable cost 
               • Fixed cost                                           (2 x 1) (2)

      3.1.2    How do businesses benefit from changes in the long run?

               In the short run, the majority of inputs can be changed, but not all.
               In the long run the business can change all of its inputs and can
               thus have a greater reduction in production costs.              (1 x 2) (2)

3.2 DATA RESPONSE

      3.2.1    What are indicated by the notes on the mirror in the cartoon
               above?

               Goals 
                                                                              (1)

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Economics/P2                                      7                                NW/June 2024
                                    Grade 11 – Marking Guidelines

      3.2.2    What is the main objective of any private business?

               Profit/Increase profit.                                                      (1)

      3.2.3    Briefly describe sales maximising.

               • Increasing the number of units of a product sold, expanding the
                 businesses reach. 
               • Reaching more consumers / households, increasing the popularity of
                 your product, even if the profit drops due to the decrease in prices. 
                 (Accept any other correct relevant response)                            (2)

      3.2.4    What is the biggest determinant of a business’s goals or
               objectives?

               The vision of the business.                                                 (2)

      3.2.5    How will big business implement any TWO SMART objectives.

               • Specific:          The idea must be identifiable and easy to
                                    understand. 
               •     Measurable:    Must be able to test or measure if the goal has been
                                    reached. 
               •     Agreed:        All stakeholders (people of interest) in the business
                                    must agree to the objective. 
               •     Realistic:     The business must be able to achieve the goal. 
               •     Time specific: A time limit must be set on achieving the goal. 
                     (Accept any other correct relevant response)                   (2 x 2) (4)

3.3 DATA RESPONSE

      3.3.1    What is depicted in the table above?

               Total Revenue Schedule                                                       (1)

      3.3.2    How many units produces the largest total revenue in the table
               above?

               90 Units                                                                     (1)

      3.3.3    Briefly describe the term normal profit.

               • The minimum return that is required by the owners of a firm in order
                 for them to continue with the business.
               • After deducting all expenses from the income, the business makes
                 enough profit to stay in an industry and not close his business and
                 invest his capital in another firm / industry. 
                 (Accept any other correct relevant response)                         (2)

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Economics/P2                                  8                                NW/June 2024
                                Grade 11 – Marking Guidelines

      3.3.4    What is the main determinants of changes in revenue?

               Price and quantity / units sold 
               (Accept any other correct relevant response)                              (2)

      3.3.5    Calculate A, show ALL calculations.

               MR = Change in Total Revenue/Change in Quantity (Δ TR / Δ Q 
               MR = R16 200 – R14 000/90 – 70 
               MR = R2 200/20 
               MR = 110                                                   (2 x 2) (4)

3.4 Distinguish between economies of scale and diseconomies of scale.

      • Economies of scale occurs when more units of a good or service can be
        produced on a larger scale with (on average) fewer unit inputs. 
      • By producing more units, the average cost (AC) of each unit becomes
        less. 
      • Diseconomies of scale happen when a company or business grows so
        large that the cost per unit increase. It takes place when economies of
        scale no longer function for a firm. 
      • In the short-run the firm can only increase the variable inputs (labour
        can produce only so much with the available capital & raw materials, as
        production increases so does the cost of production). 
      • Thus the business must change all four its factors of production to enter a
        new cycle of diseconomies of scale. 
        (Accept any other correct relevant response)
        (A maximum of 4 marks may be allocated for mere listing of
        facts/examples)                                                         (2 x 4) (8)

3.5 How does the current South African economic landscape impact on
    the cost of production?

      • South Africa is currently in a recession and although we saw a decrease
        in the demand for goods and services we also saw an increase in the cost
        of production. 
      • The main contributors to the cost of production is labour, raw materials,
        capital and entrepreneurship. 
      • In the case of labour, it is one of the biggest contributors to production
        cost, during 2023 we saw an average salary increase of more than 6% 
      • Labour is also a factor of production that is very inflexible, meaning the cost
        will increase when prices (or inflation) is increase, but when prices
        (inflation) decrease, salaries do not decrease. 
      • Another impact on the cost of production is transport, with high crude oil
        prices and a weak Dollar / Rand exchange rate, we are experiencing high
        (and increasing) fuel prices, this increase the cost of production / transport
        of goods and services. 
      • In order to bring inflation down / within inflation targets the Monetary Policy
        Committee have increased the interest rates by 4.75% since November 2021,
        this increases the cost of loans (repayments of capital).

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Economics/P2                                  9                                NW/June 2024
                                Grade 11 – Marking Guidelines

      • Even though the increases have stopped we have experienced no decreases
        in the interest rates since middle of 2023. 
        (Accept any other correct relevant response)
        (A maximum of 2 marks may be allocated for mere listing of
        facts/examples)                                                 (4 x 2) (8)
                                                                                [40]

QUESTION 4: MICROECONOMICS                                      40 MARKS – 30 MINUTES

4.1 Answer the following questions.

      4.1.1    Name any two products where demand will not change when
               prices decrease.

               • Salt 
               • Fuel 
               • Insurance 
               • Medication 
               • Addictive products (Tabaco and alcohol) 
               (Accept any other correct relevant response)                    (2 x 1) (2)

      4.1.2    What influences the price of fuel in South Africa?

               The price of crude oil and the Rand / Dollar exchange rate is the two
               biggest influences on the retail price of fuel. 
               (Accept any other correct relevant response)                    (1 x 2) (2)

4.2 DATA RESPONSE

      4.2.1    What makes the consumer decide not to buy the product
               advertised in the cartoon above?

               The price of the product increased.   
                                                                                   (1)

      4.2.2    Name the tax that can increase the price of coldrinks.

               Sugar tax/Vat   
                                                                          (1)

      4.2.3    Briefly describe the term price elasticity of supply.

               The responsiveness of supply to a change in price.   
               (Accept any other correct relevant response)                              (2)

      4.2.4    What will happen when the supply for a product is perfectly
               inelastic to changes in prices?

               The producer is unable to increase output in response to price changes.
               
               (Accept any other correct relevant response)                            (2)

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Economics/P2                                   10                                 NW/June 2024
                                 Grade 11 – Marking Guidelines

      4.2.5    How can changes in income affect the elasticity of demand?

               • When we experience prosperity, where employment is high and
                 more people earns an income; the consumption of goods will
                 increase in proportion or even disproportionally. 
               • In the case of normal goods, the demand will increase when
                 income increases. 
               • In the case of inferior goods, the demand will decrease when income
                 increases as consumers will rather spend their money on goods with
                 a better quality as they can now afford it (e.g. replace margarine with
                 butter). 
                 (Accept any other correct relevant response)               (2 x 2) (4)

4.3 DATA RESPONCE

      4.3.1    Name the economic concept explained in the extract above.

               Utility/Marginal utility 
                                                                                     (1)

      4.3.2    What is seen as the least important unit supplied in the extract
               above?

               The last unit / The tenth unit 
                                                                                       (1)

      4.3.3    Briefly describe the term consumer equilibrium.

               • The money the consumer spend on one product gives the same
                 marginal utility as money spend on any other product. 
               • Because income is shared between the purchase of different
                 products, utility cannot be increased as you have achieved maximum
                 utility. 
                 (Accept any other correct relevant response)                       (2)

      4.3.4    What is the relationship between scarcity and utility?

               • While every resource experiences scarcity, every resource also has
                 a utility. Utility is the term that economists use to describe the
                 usefulness of something to someone. Utility gives us a very useful
                 way of figuring out how to use scarce resources in the most productive
                 ways. 
                 (Accept any other correct relevant response)                         (2)

      4.3.5    Explain the law of diminishing marginal utility.

               • Total utility will rice with each additional unit consumed, but at a
                 slower rate. 
               • When marginal utility becomes negative we will see that that total
                 utility starts declining. 
                 (Accept any other correct relevant response)                      (2 x 2) (4)

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Economics/P2                                  11                                 NW/June 2024
                                Grade 11 – Marking Guidelines

4.4 Discuss the factors influencing the price elasticity of supply.

      • Number of suppliers in the market. Where only a few suppliers of a product,
        price increases are not followed by increases in quantity supplied, world oil
        supplies are controlled by the 12 OPEC countries. If every country could
        produce oil, there would be no shortages of oil. 

      • Time taken to produce the products. Agricultural products require sun, rain
        and a germination period, (a year to produce), thus output is less responsive
        to changes in prices. 
      • Nature of the product and durability. Products that can be easily stored as
        they are durable (ex. tyres) are normally in abundance of supply and would
        not react on price changes. 
      • Ease of switching production. If firms are flexible in their production process,
        this will help them have a more elastic supply, meaning they can adjust much
        quicker to price changes. 
      • Market entry barriers. If there are many barriers to entering the market, it
        causes the supply curve to become more inelastic. On the other hand, if
        the market entry barriers are low; the supply curve is more elastic. 
        (Accept any other correct relevant response)
        (A maximum of 4 marks may be allocated for mere listing of
        facts/examples)                                                           (4 x 2) (8)

4.5 Examine factors that can influence monopolies when setting prices.

      • As a monopolist is the only supplier of a product with no close relationship,
        they are called price makers. They decide on the price of their product. 
      • If the monopolist wants to increase their revenue, they can increase the
        price of the product. 
      • When an economy is in a recession and the consumers experience increases
        in prices of various goods and services then they must decide on what goods
        and services they will spend their income. 
      • In the above scenario the consumer might restrict his demand for the
        monopolist product (use less units) as the prices are too high for them. 
      • The monopolists will then have no other option than to decrease their prices
        in order to increase the demand for their product. 
      • We might even see that other products, even though they are expensive
        start replacing the demand for the monopolistic product. Ex. with load
        shedding the private sector has expanded their supply of replacement and
        sustainable energy solutions, thus decreasing the demand for ESKOM’s
        electricity, again ESKOM might have to readjust their prices as demand for
        their product decreases. 
        (Accept any other correct relevant response)
        (A maximum of 2 marks may be allocated for mere listing of
        facts/examples)                                                   (4 x 2) (8) [40]

                                                                  TOTAL SECTION B:           80

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SECTION C

Answer any ONE of the three questions in this section of the ANSWER BOOK.

QUESTION 5: MICROECONOMICS                                                         40 MARKS – 40 MINUTES

• Discuss in detail the demand and supply relationship of compliments with the
  aid of graphs.                                                      (26 marks)

• How can the private supply of electricity assist in relieving the impact of load
  shedding?                                                               (10 marks)

INTRODUCTION
Markets developed when people started producing surpluses & started trading them
at a central point. 
A market exists if there is a willing seller & a willing buyer of a product, a transaction
will happen if both parties agree on a price for the product, performance and counter
performance take place (quid pro qui). 
(Accept any other correct relevant response)                                          (Max 2)

MAIN BODY
• Demand relationships between complements, this are different products that are
  used together to satisfy a specific need, example bread and butter 
• When two goods are complements, they experience joint demand, the demand of
  one good is linked to the demand for another good. Therefore, if a higher quantity
  is demanded of one good, a higher quantity will also be demanded of the other,
  and vice versa. 
• An increase in the price of one product (bread) can lead to a decrease in the
  demand for the other (butter/compliment) 

                 THE DEMAND CURVE FOR BREAD                                   THE DEMAND CURVE FOR BUTTER

                   D                                                     D1    D

                               E1
 Price                                                   Price
         P1

         P                                E                      P                         E1         E

                                                   D                                                      D1   D

             0               Q1       Q                              0                   Q1       Q
                           Quantity                                                    Quantity

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Economics/P2                                                 13                                               NW/June 2024
                                               Grade 11 – Marking Guidelines

                                       Mark allocation
  Correct labeling of the axis                                        = 1 mark
  Correct drawing of the both demand curves                           = 1 mark
  Correct indication of price increases/Decrease in demand of bread = 1 mark
  Correct indication of the decrease in the demand for butter         = 1 mark

• Complements have a positive cross elasticity coefficient and the size range
  between zero & infinity (0 ˂ Ec ˂ ∞). 
• If the price for product A increase, the demand for the compliment product B will
  decrease. 
• Example, if the price of bread increases there will be a drop in the demand
  butter. 
• Thus the demand of jointly demanded goods tends to move in downwards and
  to the left, depending upon the degree of elasticity of demand for bread and the
  supply of butter. 
• Supply relationship of complimentary products
• When there is a price increase (decrease) in one of the complimentary products,
  it will positively (negatively) effect the supply of the complimentary product. 
• Example a producer of coffee, if the price goes down (increase), will have the
  opposite effect on the supply of milk, that will have to increase (decrease) their
  supply. 
                        THE SUPPLY CURVE FOR COFFEE                                      THE SUPPLY CURVE FOR MILK

                            D                                                                                      S
                                                             S                           D                                 S1

            P                                  E                                                       E          E1
   Price                                                             Price
                                                                             P

                                                        E1
           P1

                                                                 D
                                                                                     S

                    S                                                                                                  D
                                                                                         S1

                0                          Q       Q1                            0                 Q         Q1
                                Quantity                                                        Quantity

                                                        Mark allocation
  Correct labeling of the axis                                                                         = 1 mark
  Correct drawing of the both supply curves                                                            = 1 mark
  Correct indication of price decrease/Increase in demand of coffee                                    = 1 mark
  Correct indication of the increase in the supply of milk                                             = 1 mark

• The decrease of the price of coffee, together with the increase in the demand for
  coffee, will lead to an increase in the supply of milk at the same price. 

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### Page 14

Economics/P2                                  14                                  NW/June 2024
                                Grade 11 – Marking Guidelines

   (Accept any other correct relevant response)
   (A maximum of 8 marks may be allocated for mere listing of
   headings/examples)                                                                (Max 26)

ADDITIONAL BODY
• ESKOM is a state owned enterprise responsible for the supply of electricity via
  coal-fire, hydro and nuclear power. 
• Several reasons led to the market failure in the delivery of sufficient amounts of
  electricity, this includes, but are not limited to corruption, theft, incompetence lack
  of maintenance and planning, etc. 
• This market failure has led to more and more private companies supplying some
  sort of short term or long term solution to load shedding for households and
  businesses. 
• The implementation, maintenance and running cost of these solutions is high and
  include solar electricity and generators. In 2023 Tiger Brands announced an R125
  million investment in solar energy, that excluded R8 million in maintenance for the
  2023 financial year. 
• We have already noticed that the shift to alternative energy resources by
  households and businesses has already alleviated the stress on ESKOM’s grid. 
• Government in the 2023/4 tax year announced subsidies for the implementation
  of solar systems to the value of R15 000. 
  
• The private supply of electricity is a fast growing industry, improvements in
  technology is making the production of alternative sources of energy not only
  cheaper, but also more efficient. 
  (Accept any other correct relevant response)
  (A maximum of 2 marks may be allocated for mere listing of facts/examples)
                                                                                      (Max 10)

CONCLUSION
Private sustainable electricity supply is not only the way forward for businesses
and households as a solution for load shedding, but also something that government
must invest in sustainable electricity as the emissions of coal-fire electricity plants
are extremely high and one of the main reasons for South Africa’s high pollution
levels. 
(Accept any other correct relevant higher order conclusion)                           (Max 2)
                                                                                           [40]

QUESTION 6: MICROECONOMICS                                       40 MARKS – 40 MINUTES

• Discuss in detail the FIVE types of price elasticity of demand (PED).           (26 marks)

• Analyse the impact of the price of electricity on the demand for goods and
  services.                                                             (10 marks)

INTRODUCTION
Price elasticity refers to the degree to which individuals, consumers, or producers
change their demand or the amount supplied in response to price. 
(Accept any other correct relevant response)                                      (Max 2)

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### Page 15

Economics/P2                                 15                                  NW/June 2024
                               Grade 11 – Marking Guidelines

MAIN BODY
• The price elasticity of demand is the percentage change in the quantity
  demanded of a good or service divided by the percentage change in the
  price. 
• If a good is very responsive to changes in prices, it is seen as elastic, if the
  same price increase leads to a less responsive change in demand, the goods is
  seen as inelastic. 

Perfectly inelastic 
• Perfectly inelastic the PED = 0. 
• The quantity demanded remains unchanged, irrespective of a change in price. 
• TR changes in the same direction as price. 
• To improve revenue, increase prices.                                    (Max 6)

Relatively inelastic 
• PED between 0 and 1, and PED < 1. 
• The quantity demanded reacts to a change in the price, but by a smaller.
  percentage than that of the change in price. 
• TR changes in the same direction as price. 
• To improve revenue, increase price only.                                        (Max 6)

Unitary elastic 
• PED = 1. 
• The percentage change in the quantity demanded is equal to the percentage
  change of the price. 
• TR will remain unchanged. 
• Price changes has no effect on revenue.                                 (Max 6)

Relative elastic 
• PED between 1 and infinity and PED > 1. 
• The quantity demanded reacts to a change in the price, but by a greater
  percentage than that of the change in price. 
• TR will change in the opposite direction of the change in price. 
• To increase revenue, always decrease the prices.                                (Max 6)

Perfectly elastic/Infinite elasticity 
• The value is more than 1, but less infinity, PED = ∞. 
• When the demand is perfectly elastic this will lead to a change in price and
  an infinite change in the quantity demanded. 
• Income will increase infinitely with a reduction in price.                      (Max 6)
  (Accept any other correct relevant response)
  (A maximum of 8 marks may be allocated for mere listing of
  headings/examples)                                                                (Max 26)

ADDITIONAL BODY
• ESKOM is a state owned enterprise that supplies electricity to South Africa.
  The price of electricity is regulated by the National Energy Regulator of South
  Africa. 
  

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### Page 16

Economics/P2                                  16                                NW/June 2024
                                Grade 11 – Marking Guidelines

• One of the major inputs in terms of variable costs in the production is electricity,
  meaning that the price of electricity has a major impact on the output cost of
  goods and services. 
• During the past decade we saw constant price increases in the price of electricity,
  not only above inflation, but always double figures. The impact of these price
  increases on the production cost of products is immense and suppliers have
  started passing this on to the consumer.
• As ESKOM is a monopoly, it has nearly full control over the price it asks for its
  products. The only factor that has an impact is the fact that electricity competes
  with other goods and services in the market when it comes to consumer spend. 
• Any other form of electricity at this stage, generators and solar is expensive to
  implement and maintain. Thus also leading to the increase in the output cost
  of goods and services increasing. 
• Load shedding also has an impact on the price of the price of goods and services
  as this forces the consumer to invest in alternative sources of electricity supply. 
  (Accept any other correct relevant response)
  (A maximum of 2 marks may be allocated for mere listing of facts/examples)
                                                                                    (Max 10)

CONCLUSION
There is no short term solution for the energy crisis in South Africa, producers and
consumers is not only forced to bear the grunt of this but also look at alternative
energy resources, most of them more expensive than ESKOM electricity. 
(Accept any other correct relevant higher order conclusion)                         (Max 2)
                                                                                         [40]

                                                                 TOTAL SECTION C: 40
                                                                    GRAND TOTAL: 150

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