# Economics Grade 11 Paper 2 November Mock 2026 Memo (English) > Grade 11 Economics Paper 2 memorandum from the November Mock Exam 2026 (English), 17 pages. Read online or download the free PDF. - Page: https://www.hlayiso.com/library/grade-11-economics-2026-november-mock-exam-memorandum-paper-2/4c8b5806-a279-4488-80de-72581ba17f86 - Updated: 2026-10-29 - Subject: Economics - Grade: Grade 11 - Language: English - Document type: Memorandum - Year: 2026 - Exam period: November Mock Exam - Paper: 2 - Publisher: Hlayiso - Curriculum: CAPS - Pages: 17 Breadcrumbs: [Home](https://www.hlayiso.com/) › [Library](https://www.hlayiso.com/library) › [Grade 11](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/grade-11) › [Economics](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/grade-11/economics) › [Economics Grade 11 Paper 2 November Mock 2026 Memo (English)](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/grade-11-economics-2026-november-mock-exam-memorandum-paper-2/4c8b5806-a279-4488-80de-72581ba17f86) ## About this document Economics · Grade 11 · November Mock Exam · 2026 · English. Memorandum, 17 pages. Read online or download the PDF. Read it free online on the page above; download the PDF from there. ## Document text Text extracted from the PDF. Layout, diagrams and tables may not survive extraction. ### Page 1 hlayiso mock exams Practice Series: Grade 11 Exam Preparation WWW.HLAYISO.COM NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 11 ECONOMICS P2 NOVEMBER EXAMINATION 2026 (MOCK) MARKING GUIDELINES MARKS: 150 These marking guidelines consist of 17 pages. Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 2 Economics/P2 2 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines PRINCIPLES FOR MARKING ECONOMICS (HLAYISO MOCK 2026) • Mark ALL responses in the candidate’s script, whether correct or incorrect. • Where a candidate gives more responses than required: in Section A mark the FIRST response only; in 2.1.1, 3.1.1 and 4.1.1 mark the first TWO responses only; in Sections B and C (choice questions) mark only the required number of questions and write EXTRA on any additional question. • Use ONE tick (✓) for each mark awarded, placed at the fact being credited. Use a neat cross for incorrect responses. • One-word answers are acceptable for: list, name, state, identify. FULL sentences are required for: describe, explain, evaluate, analyse, suggest, differentiate, distinguish, define, discuss, why, how. The words provide, what, tabulate, identify and give are read in context. • Calculations: 3 marks for the method/workings and 1 mark for the correct final answer. • Graphs are marked according to the allocation of marks given in these guidelines. • Accept responses that are correct and relevant but expressed differently. Spelling errors are not penalised if the meaning is clear. • In multiple-choice questions, accept the correct answer written in words instead of the letter. Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 3 Economics/P2 3 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines SECTION A (COMPULSORY) QUESTION 1 30 MARKS – 20 MINUTES 1.1 MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS 1.1.1 B – a monopoly ✓✓ 1.1.2 C – fixed ✓✓ 1.1.3 A – price elastic ✓✓ 1.1.4 D – complementary goods ✓✓ 1.1.5 B – marginal ✓✓ 1.1.6 A – North–South divide ✓✓ 1.1.7 C – Kyoto Protocol ✓✓ 1.1.8 D – foreign direct investment ✓✓ (8 x 2) (16) 1.2 MATCHING ITEMS 1.2.1 D – the minimum earnings needed to keep an entrepreneur in a particular business ✓ 1.2.2 H – a period during which at least one factor of production is fixed ✓ 1.2.3 G – the responsiveness of the quantity supplied to a change in the price of a product ✓ 1.2.4 F – a market dominated by a few large businesses that are interdependent ✓ 1.2.5 B – goods for which demand decreases when income increases ✓ 1.2.6 A – the increasing integration of the economies of the world through trade, investment and technology ✓ 1.2.7 I – the variety of plant and animal species in a particular area ✓ 1.2.8 C – development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs ✓ (8 x 1) (8) 1.3 GIVE THE TERM 1.3.1 Variable costs ✓ 1.3.2 (Market) equilibrium ✓ 1.3.3 Marginal cost ✓ 1.3.4 Free trade area ✓ 1.3.5 Global warming ✓ 1.3.6 Multinational corporations/enterprises ✓ (6 x 1) (6) [30] TOTAL SECTION A: 30 Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 4 Economics/P2 4 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines SECTION B QUESTION 2: MICROECONOMICS 40 MARKS – 30 MINUTES 2.1.1 Name any TWO determinants of the price elasticity of demand. • Availability of substitutes ✓ • Degree of necessity (necessities or luxuries) ✓ • Proportion of income spent on the product ✓ • Time period/time available to adjust ✓ • Durability of the product ✓ • Number of uses of the product ✓ • Habit-forming (addictive) goods ✓ (Accept any other correct relevant response) (2 x 1) (2) 2.1.2 Why is the demand curve of an individual firm in a perfect market horizontal? The firm is a price taker: it is too small to influence the market price and can sell any quantity at the price set by the market, so demand is perfectly elastic ✓✓ (Accept any other correct relevant response) (1 x 2) (2) 2.2.1 Identify the quantity demanded when the price is R100. 500 (trips per day) ✓ (1) 2.2.2 Name the law illustrated by the shape of the demand curve. Law of demand ✓ (1) 2.2.3 Briefly describe the term price elasticity of demand. The degree to which (the responsiveness with which) the quantity demanded of a product changes when its price changes ✓✓ (Accept any other correct relevant response) (2) 2.2.4 Explain why the movement from A to B is a decrease in quantity demanded. The movement is along the same demand curve and is caused only by a change in the price of the product itself; a decrease in demand would be a shift of the whole curve to the left caused by other factors, e.g. a fall in income ✓✓ (Accept any other correct relevant response) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 5 Economics/P2 5 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines 2.2.5 Calculate the price elasticity of demand (R80 to R100). %∆ quantity demanded PED = %∆ price 500 − 600 100 % change in Qd = × = −16,67% ✓ 600 1 100 − 80 100 % change in P = × = 25% ✓ 80 1 −16,67 PED = ✓= −0,67 (inelastic) ✓ 25 (Accept 0,67 if the negative sign is omitted) (4) 2.3.1 Identify the output at which AC is the lowest. 4 batches ✓ (1) 2.3.2 Name the law that explains why MC eventually increases. Law of diminishing returns/diminishing marginal returns ✓ (1) 2.3.3 Briefly describe the term average cost. The total cost of production divided by the number of units produced (cost per unit) ✓✓ (Accept any other correct relevant response) (2) 2.3.4 Explain why TFC remains at R200 at all levels of output. In the short run fixed costs, e.g. rent and insurance, must be paid regardless of how much is produced, even when output is zero ✓✓ (Accept any other correct relevant response) (2) 2.3.5 How can a firm lower its long-run average costs? • By expanding production to benefit from economies of scale, e.g. bulk buying of inputs at lower prices ✓✓ • By investing in new technology and more efficient machinery ✓✓ • By training workers to increase their productivity ✓✓ • By using cheaper energy sources, e.g. installing solar panels ✓✓ • By specialising and dividing labour to increase efficiency ✓✓ (Accept any other correct relevant response) (2 x 2) (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 6 Economics/P2 6 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines 2.4 Briefly discuss perfect competition and monopoly as market structures. Perfect competition ✓ • There are a very large number of buyers and sellers, and no single firm can influence the price ✓✓ • Products are homogeneous (identical) ✓✓ • There is free entry into and exit from the market ✓✓ • Buyers and sellers have perfect (complete) information about the market ✓✓ • Firms are price takers and earn only normal profit in the long run ✓✓ (Max. 4) Monopoly ✓ • There is only one seller of a product with no close substitutes ✓✓ • Entry into the market is blocked by barriers, e.g. patents, licences or control of an essential resource ✓✓ • The monopolist is a price maker, but cannot set both the price and the quantity sold ✓✓ • The monopolist can earn economic profit in the long run ✓✓ • Examples include natural monopolies such as electricity transmission and water supply ✓✓ (Max. 4) (Accept any other correct relevant response) (A maximum of 4 marks may be allocated for mere listing of facts/examples) (2 x 4) (8) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 7 Economics/P2 7 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines 2.5 How can businesses use their knowledge of PED when they set prices? • When demand is price inelastic, a business can increase its price to increase total revenue, because quantity demanded falls only slightly ✓✓ • When demand is price elastic, a business can reduce its price to increase total revenue, because quantity demanded increases by a larger percentage ✓✓ • Businesses can forecast the effect of a price change on sales and plan production and stock levels ✓✓ • It helps businesses to decide how much of a tax increase (e.g. excise duty) can be passed on to consumers ✓✓ • Businesses with many competitors (elastic demand) can use price discounts and promotions to win customers ✓✓ • Businesses can charge different prices to different groups of consumers (price discrimination), e.g. off-peak fares ✓✓ (Accept any other correct relevant response) (A maximum of 2 marks may be allocated for mere listing of facts/examples) (4 x 2) (8) [40] QUESTION 3: CONTEMPORARY ECONOMIC ISSUES 40 MARKS – 30 MINUTES 3.1.1 Name any TWO types of pollution. • Air pollution ✓ • Water pollution ✓ • Land (soil) pollution ✓ • Noise pollution ✓ • Light pollution ✓ (Accept any other correct relevant response) (2 x 1) (2) 3.1.2 How can globalisation benefit consumers in developing countries? Consumers have access to a wider variety of goods and services at lower prices because of increased competition from imports ✓✓ (Accept any other correct relevant response) (1 x 2) (2) 3.2.1 Identify ONE negative effect of globalisation shown in the cartoon. • Closure of local factories ✓ • Job losses ✓ • Local firms cannot compete with cheap imports ✓ (1) 3.2.2 Name the international organisation that promotes free trade and settles trade disputes. World Trade Organisation (WTO) ✓ (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 8 Economics/P2 8 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines 3.2.3 Briefly describe the term globalisation. The process by which the economies of the world become increasingly integrated and interdependent through trade, the movement of capital, people, information and technology ✓✓ (Accept any other correct relevant response) (2) 3.2.4 Explain how MNCs can transfer technology to developing countries. MNCs bring modern machinery, production methods and management skills into host countries and train local workers, who can later use the knowledge in local businesses ✓✓ (Accept any other correct relevant response) (2) 3.2.5 How can developing countries benefit from belonging to regional trade agreements such as the SADC FTA? • Reduced tariffs give local producers access to larger regional markets, which increases exports ✓✓ • Larger markets allow firms to benefit from economies of scale ✓✓ • Consumers gain access to cheaper goods from member countries ✓✓ • Increased regional trade attracts foreign investment ✓✓ • Member countries can cooperate on infrastructure projects, e.g. roads and power networks ✓✓ (Accept any other correct relevant response) (2 x 2) (4) 3.3.1 Identify the country that most likely belongs to the South. Country Q ✓ (1) 3.3.2 Name ONE country regarded as part of the North. • United States of America ✓ • United Kingdom ✓ • Germany ✓ • Japan ✓ • Australia ✓ (Accept any other relevant developed country) (1) 3.3.3 Briefly describe the term North–South divide. The socio-economic gap between the rich, industrialised countries (mainly in the Northern Hemisphere) and the poorer, developing countries (mainly in the Southern Hemisphere) ✓✓ (Accept any other correct relevant response) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 9 Economics/P2 9 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines 3.3.4 Explain why dependence on the export of raw materials is a disadvantage for countries of the South. The prices of raw materials are low and fluctuate a lot, while the prices of imported manufactured goods are higher, so export earnings are low and unstable (poor terms of trade) ✓✓ (Accept any other correct relevant response) (2) 3.3.5 How can countries of the South narrow the gap between themselves and the North? • By investing in education and skills to improve the productivity of their labour force ✓✓ • By processing raw materials locally (beneficiation) before exporting them ✓✓ • By diversifying their economies, e.g. developing manufacturing and services ✓✓ • By attracting foreign direct investment and new technology ✓✓ • By cooperating with other developing countries (South–South cooperation) and in regional trade blocs ✓✓ • By negotiating fairer trade rules, e.g. the removal of agricultural subsidies in the North ✓✓ (Accept any other correct relevant response) (2 x 2) (4) 3.4 Briefly discuss deforestation and soil erosion as threats to the environment. Deforestation ✓ • Deforestation is the large-scale clearing or cutting down of forests for farming, timber, firewood or settlements ✓✓ • It destroys the habitat of plants and animals, which reduces biodiversity ✓✓ • Fewer trees absorb less carbon dioxide, which contributes to global warming ✓✓ • It increases soil erosion and the risk of floods ✓✓ (Max. 4) Soil erosion ✓ • Soil erosion is the removal of the fertile top layer of soil by wind and water ✓✓ • It is caused by overgrazing, poor farming methods and the removal of natural vegetation ✓✓ • It reduces the fertility of land and agricultural production, which threatens food security ✓✓ • Eroded soil is carried into rivers and dams, causing siltation ✓✓ (Max. 4) (Accept any other correct relevant response) (A maximum of 4 marks may be allocated for mere listing of facts/examples) (2 x 4) (8) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 10 Economics/P2 10 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines 3.5 How can recycling and better waste management contribute to environmental sustainability? • Recycling reduces the need to extract new raw materials, which conserves natural resources ✓✓ • Less waste ends up in landfill sites, which reduces land and water pollution ✓✓ • Recycling usually uses less energy than producing new products, which reduces greenhouse gas emissions ✓✓ • Organic waste can be composted and used to improve soil fertility ✓✓ • Proper collection and disposal of waste prevents illegal dumping and the spread of diseases ✓✓ • Recycling creates jobs and income, e.g. for waste pickers and small recycling businesses ✓✓ (Accept any other correct relevant response) (A maximum of 2 marks may be allocated for mere listing of facts/examples) (4 x 2) (8) [40] QUESTION 4: MICROECONOMICS AND CONTEMPORARY ECONOMIC ISSUES 40 MARKS – 30 MINUTES 4.1.1 Name any TWO characteristics of an oligopoly. • A few large firms dominate the market ✓ • Firms are interdependent ✓ • Products may be homogeneous or differentiated ✓ • There are barriers to entry ✓ • Non-price competition (e.g. advertising) ✓ • Firms may collude (form cartels) ✓ (Accept any other correct relevant response) (2 x 1) (2) 4.1.2 Why do businesses in monopolistic competition spend a lot on advertising? Their products are differentiated, so they advertise to make consumers aware of the unique features of their brand and to build customer loyalty, which allows them to increase sales or charge higher prices ✓✓ (Accept any other correct relevant response) (1 x 2) (2) 4.2.1 Identify the TFC. R2 100 ✓ (1) 4.2.2 Name point E. Break-even point ✓ (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 11 Economics/P2 11 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines 4.2.3 Briefly describe the term variable costs. Costs that change as the level of output changes, e.g. the cost of raw materials, electricity used in production and wages of casual workers ✓✓ (Accept any other correct relevant response) (2) 4.2.4 Explain why the TC curve starts at R2 100 and not at zero. Total cost includes fixed costs (R2 100) that must be paid even when nothing is produced, so total cost at zero output equals total fixed cost ✓✓ (Accept any other correct relevant response) (2) 4.2.5 Calculate the profit if 500 T-shirts are produced and sold. TR = 500 × R15 = R7 500 ✓ TC = R2 100 + (500 × R8) = R2 100 + R4 000 = R6 100 ✓ Profit = TR – TC = R7 500 – R6 100 ✓ = R1 400 ✓ (4) 4.3.1 Identify the city that hosted the WSSD in 2002. Johannesburg ✓ (1) 4.3.2 Name ONE renewable source of energy. • Solar energy ✓ • Wind energy ✓ • Hydro-electric power ✓ • Biomass/biofuels ✓ • Geothermal energy ✓ • Tidal/wave energy ✓ (1) 4.3.3 Briefly describe the term carbon tax. A tax levied on businesses for the amount of greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) they emit, to encourage them to reduce pollution ✓✓ (Accept any other correct relevant response) (2) 4.3.4 Explain why access to proper sanitation is important for sustainable development. Proper sanitation prevents the pollution of rivers and groundwater and reduces the spread of diseases, which protects both the environment and the health (productivity) of people ✓✓ (Accept any other correct relevant response) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 12 Economics/P2 12 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines 4.3.5 How can South Africa balance economic growth and the protection of the environment? • By investing in renewable energy (solar and wind) to reduce dependence on coal ✓✓ • By using environmental taxes (e.g. carbon tax) and subsidies for clean technologies ✓✓ • By requiring environmental impact assessments before new projects are approved ✓✓ • By promoting green jobs, e.g. in recycling and eco-tourism ✓✓ • By enforcing environmental laws and fining polluters ✓✓ (Accept any other correct relevant response) (2 x 2) (4) 4.4 Briefly discuss economies of scale and diseconomies of scale. Economies of scale ✓ • Economies of scale are the cost advantages that a firm gains when it increases its scale of production, so that the average cost per unit decreases ✓✓ • Internal economies, e.g. bulk buying of inputs at discounts and the use of specialised machinery ✓✓ • Large firms can borrow money at lower interest rates and spread advertising costs over more units ✓✓ • External economies: benefits from the growth of the industry as a whole, e.g. better infrastructure and a pool of skilled labour ✓✓ (Max. 4) Diseconomies of scale ✓ • Diseconomies of scale occur when a firm becomes too large and its average cost per unit increases as output increases ✓✓ • Management and coordination become difficult; communication problems lead to delays and mistakes ✓✓ • Workers may feel less motivated in very large organisations, which reduces productivity ✓✓ • Increased demand for scarce inputs may raise their prices ✓✓ (Max. 4) (Accept any other correct relevant response) (A maximum of 4 marks may be allocated for mere listing of facts/examples) (2 x 4) (8) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 13 Economics/P2 13 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines 4.5 Why are developing countries more vulnerable to the effects of climate change? • Many people depend on agriculture, which is directly affected by droughts, floods and changes in rainfall ✓✓ • Governments have limited funds to invest in protective infrastructure, e.g. flood defences and water storage ✓✓ • Poor people live in informal settlements that are easily damaged by extreme weather ✓✓ • Weak health systems cannot cope with the spread of diseases linked to higher temperatures, e.g. malaria ✓✓ • Many developing countries are located in hot, dry regions that are already affected by water shortages ✓✓ • They have limited access to new technology to adapt to climate change ✓✓ (Accept any other correct relevant response) (A maximum of 2 marks may be allocated for mere listing of facts/examples) (4 x 2) (8) [40] TOTAL SECTION B: 80 Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 14 Economics/P2 14 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines SECTION C QUESTION 5: MICROECONOMICS 40 MARKS – 40 MINUTES Discuss in detail the supply side relationships, with the aid of graphs. (26 marks) Why is the supply of agricultural products usually price inelastic in the short run? (10 marks) INTRODUCTION Supply refers to the quantity of a product that producers are willing and able to offer for sale at different prices during a specific period. ✓✓ (Accept any other correct relevant introduction) (Max. 2) BODY: MAIN PART The law of supply ✓ • The law of supply states that, other things being equal (ceteris paribus), the higher the price of a product, the greater the quantity supplied, and the lower the price, the smaller the quantity supplied ✓✓ • There is a positive (direct) relationship between price and quantity supplied ✓✓ • Higher prices make production more profitable, so existing producers increase output and new producers enter the market ✓✓ • The supply curve therefore slopes upwards from left to right ✓✓ Change in quantity supplied (movement along the supply curve) ✓ • A change in the price of the product itself causes a movement along the same supply curve ✓✓ • An increase in price from P1 to P2 causes an increase (extension) in quantity supplied from Q1 to Q2 (point a to b) ✓✓ • A decrease in price causes a decrease (contraction) in quantity supplied ✓✓ Price Price S S1 S2 P2 b P P1 a 0 Q1 Q2 0 Q1 Q2 Quantity Quantity Graph 1: change in quantity supplied Graph 2: increase in supply (Max. 4 marks per graph: correct axes and curve labels 1, correct shift/movement 1, correct prices and quantities 1, explanation 1 – marked within the 26 marks) Change in supply (shift of the supply curve) ✓ • A change in a factor other than the price of the product causes the whole supply curve to shift ✓✓ • An increase in supply shifts the curve to the right (S1 to S2 ): more is supplied at every price ✓✓ Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 15 Economics/P2 15 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines • A decrease in supply shifts the curve to the left: less is supplied at every price ✓✓ Factors that cause a change in supply ✓ • Prices of factors of production (input costs): an increase in wages, fuel or electricity costs decreases supply ✓✓ • Technology: improved technology lowers production costs and increases supply ✓✓ • Prices of other goods: if the price of an alternative product rises, producers switch production and the supply of the original product decreases ✓✓ • Number of producers: more firms in the market increase supply ✓✓ • Government policy: taxes on production decrease supply, while subsidies increase supply ✓✓ • Natural conditions: droughts, floods and pests decrease the supply of agricultural products ✓✓ • Expectations of future prices: if producers expect higher prices, they may hold back stock and current supply decreases ✓✓ (Accept any other correct relevant response) (A maximum of 8 marks may be allocated for headings/examples) (Max. 26) ADDITIONAL PART • Farm products take a long time to produce (growing seasons), so farmers cannot quickly increase output when prices rise ✓✓ • Land under cultivation is fixed in the short run and cannot easily be expanded ✓✓ • Many agricultural products are perishable and cannot be stored, so supply cannot be held back when prices fall ✓✓ • Production depends on weather conditions that farmers cannot control ✓✓ • Specialised equipment and livestock cannot easily be moved to other uses (immobility of factors) ✓✓ • Farmers have limited spare (unused) capacity in the short run ✓✓ (Accept any other correct relevant response) (A maximum of 2 marks may be allocated for mere listing of facts/examples) (Max. 10) CONCLUSION The supply of a product depends on its price and on many other factors; producers who understand these relationships can plan production better, while the government can use taxes and subsidies to influence supply. ✓✓ (Accept any other correct relevant higher-order conclusion) (Max. 2) [40] Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 16 Economics/P2 16 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines QUESTION 6: CONTEMPORARY ECONOMIC ISSUES 40 MARKS – 40 MINUTES Discuss in detail the positive and negative effects of globalisation on developing countries. (26 marks) How can South Africa benefit more from globalisation? (10 marks) INTRODUCTION Globalisation is the process by which the economies of the world become increasingly integrated through international trade, the flow of capital and people, and the spread of technology and information. ✓✓ (Accept any other correct relevant introduction) (Max. 2) BODY: MAIN PART Positive effects ✓ • Access to larger markets: developing countries can export their products to markets all over the world, which increases export earnings ✓✓ • Foreign direct investment: MNCs build factories and mines, which creates jobs and increases production ✓✓ • Transfer of technology and skills: MNCs bring modern technology and management skills, which increases productivity ✓✓ • Cheaper and more variety of goods: consumers benefit from competition and cheaper imports ✓✓ • Economic growth: increased trade and investment raise GDP and government tax revenue ✓✓ • Access to information: the internet and mobile technology improve access to education, banking and markets ✓✓ • Tourism: easier travel increases the number of foreign tourists, which earns foreign exchange ✓✓ Negative effects ✓ • Competition from imports: local industries, e.g. clothing and textiles, cannot compete with cheap imports and close down, which causes job losses ✓✓ • Dependence on primary products: many developing countries continue to export raw materials with unstable prices ✓✓ • Profit outflows: profits of MNCs are sent back to their home countries ✓✓ • Exploitation of workers: MNCs may pay low wages and offer poor working conditions ✓✓ • Environmental damage: polluting industries may relocate to countries where environmental laws are weak ✓✓ • Brain drain: skilled workers move to developed countries in search of higher salaries ✓✓ • Financial instability: rapid outflows of short-term capital (“hot money”) can cause currency crises ✓✓ • Loss of culture: local cultures and traditional products are replaced by global brands ✓✓ • Increasing inequality: the benefits often go to skilled workers and large businesses, widening the gap between rich and poor ✓✓ (Accept any other correct relevant response) (A maximum of 8 marks may be allocated for headings/examples) (Max. 26) ADDITIONAL PART • Invest in education and skills so that workers can compete in a global economy ✓✓ Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 17 Economics/P2 17 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines • Process minerals and agricultural products locally before exporting (beneficiation) to earn more ✓✓ • Improve infrastructure, e.g. ports, rail and reliable electricity, to lower the cost of exporting ✓✓ • Create a stable policy environment to attract foreign direct investment ✓✓ • Use trade agreements (e.g. SADC and AfCFTA) to gain access to larger markets ✓✓ • Support small businesses to export through export incentives and trade missions ✓✓ • Promote South Africa as a tourist destination ✓✓ (Accept any other correct relevant response) (A maximum of 2 marks may be allocated for mere listing of facts/examples) (Max. 10) CONCLUSION Globalisation brings both opportunities and threats; developing countries benefit most when they build their skills, infrastructure and industries so that they can compete, rather than only supplying raw materials. ✓✓ (Accept any other correct relevant higher-order conclusion) (Max. 2) [40] TOTAL SECTION C: 40 GRAND TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved ## Related documents - [Gr 11 Economics P2 (English) November 2022 Possible Answers](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/gr-11-economics-p2-english-november-2022-possible-answers/bc77a01e-539e-4841-a199-debe5934a00c) — Economics · Memo · 2022 · Eng - [ECONOMIC P2 GR11 MEMO NOV2020 English.docx](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/grade-11-economics-2020-national-exemplar-november-exam-memorandum-paper-2-english/070080f9-31fe-4f7c-a3d1-7dba42820312) — Economics · Memo · 2020 · Eng - [Gr11 Ecn P2 (English) November 2019 Marking Guidelines](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/gr11-ecn-p2-english-november-2019-marking-guidelines/e6f7a0a0-ec6a-419d-94d2-6af273e1ffee) — Economics · Memo · 2019 · Eng - [ECON P2 GR11 MEMO NOV2018 English](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/econ-p2-gr11-memo-nov2018-english/363cac40-970a-41e6-a04a-3defa0f2d7b6) — Economics · Memo · 2018 · Eng - [ECON P2 GR11 MEMO NOV2017 English](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/econ-p2-gr11-memo-nov2017-english/51e501ea-19e2-4b65-81e6-14e4c0652cac) — Economics · Memo · 2017 · Eng - [ECONOMICS P2 GR11 MEMO NOV2016 English](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/economics-p2-gr11-memo-nov2016-english/023001bd-2c00-4d99-b37e-3347275fcb09) — Economics · Memo · 2016 · Eng ## More from Grade 11 Economics - [LP CS Economics Grade 11 March 2025 QP and Memo](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/lp-cs-economics-grade-11-march-2025-qp-and-memo/5d9f6601-bdd5-43eb-9f96-7f2865b253de) — QP + Memo · 2025 - [Gr 11 Economics P2 (English) June 2024 Question Paper](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/gr-11-economics-p2-english-june-2024-question-paper/a5bf3155-bcd3-4b96-83c6-1d36905153a9) — QP · 2024 · Eng - [ECONOMICS P1 GR11 QP NOV 2023 English D](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/economics-p1-gr11-qp-nov-2023-english-d/4a97e744-8e1f-49da-8a52-687fbba97845) — QP · 2023 · Eng - [ECONOMICS P1 GR11 QP NOV 2023 English](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/economics-p1-gr11-qp-nov-2023-english/7f6ceeb5-367e-4ca9-babe-ba5b26341549) — QP · 2023 · Eng - [ECONOMICS P2 QP GR11 NOV2023 English](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/economics-p2-qp-gr11-nov2023-english/4d677eb8-2e94-4c13-96c0-a9e115c3d907) — QP · 2023 · Eng - [Gr 11 Eco P2 (English) June 2023 Question Paper](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/gr-11-eco-p2-english-june-2023-question-paper/3148e25e-81ec-43d7-b75c-08a95adf3209) — QP · 2023 · Eng ## Collection - [Grade 11 past papers](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-11/past-papers) --- Hlayiso: free CAPS and IEB past papers, memos, notes and study guides for South African learners. When citing, link the page URL above, not a PDF or /api/ URL.