# Civil Technology Grade 12 NSC June 2023 Memo (English) > Grade 12 Civil Technology memorandum from the NSC June Exam 2023 (English), 19 pages. Read online or download the free PDF. - Page: https://www.hlayiso.com/library/grade-12-civil-technology-2023-nsc-june-exam-memorandum-english/7484d9cb-7de8-4112-85bd-6d7e364bf605 - Updated: 2026-09-28 - Subject: Civil Technology - Grade: Grade 12 - Language: English - Document type: Memorandum - Year: 2023 - Exam period: NSC June Exam - Curriculum: CAPS - Pages: 19 Breadcrumbs: [Home](https://www.hlayiso.com/) › [Library](https://www.hlayiso.com/library) › [Grade 12](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/grade-12) › [Civil Technology](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/grade-12/civil-technology) › [Civil Technology Grade 12 NSC June 2023 Memo (English)](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/grade-12-civil-technology-2023-nsc-june-exam-memorandum-english/7484d9cb-7de8-4112-85bd-6d7e364bf605) ## About this document Civil Technology · Grade 12 · NSC June Exam · 2023 · English. Memorandum, 19 pages. Read online or download the PDF. Read it free online on the page above; download the PDF from there. ## Document text Text extracted from the PDF. Layout, diagrams and tables may not survive extraction. ### Page 1 GRAAD 12 SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATIONS/ NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATIONS CIVIL TECHNOLOGY: CIVIL SERVICES 2023 MARKING GUIDELINES MARKS: 200 These marking guidelines consist of 19 pages. Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 2 Civil Technology: Civil Services 2 DBE/2023 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE MARKERS 1. Markers should:  Familiarise themselves with the question and answer before evaluating responses from candidates.  Always interpret the responses of the candidates within the context of the question.  Consider any relevant and acceptable answer during pre-marking but should strictly adhere to the answers after finalisation of the marking guideline.  There are TWO approaches to answering questions; these are (1) to explain and (2) to describe. 1. If a candidate is required to explain a process in a specific number of steps, only the first required number of responses should be considered. 2. However, if for example a candidate is required to explain or describe a process, we need to consider that candidates may write a long description, not necessarily well organised. In this case the marker needs to evaluate the complete statement to judge if the candidate explained the required outcome satisfactorily and allocate marks on merit.  Mark what the candidate wrote and do not interpret or predict responses.  Indicate the tick or cross right at the position where the mark needs to be awarded or where the candidate made the error.  Accept the letter corresponding with the correct answer as well as the answer written in full in multiple-choice or similar questions.  Accept incorrect spelling in answers unless the spelling changes the meaning of the answer.  If a learner writes two or more answers separated by a slash (/) mark only the first response, unless the additional answer/s are different names for the same item e.g., Yale lock/Night latch. In this case, the answer for the response should be awarded and the slash (/) should NOT be considered as an additional answer. 2. For calculations:  A mark is only awarded if the correct unit is written next to the answer. If the question states that the answer must be in a specific unit, a mark will ONLY be awarded if the answer has the correct unit as indicated in the question.  Marks will only be allocated for the correct values if the candidates add are instead of multiply. NO marks will be awarded for the calculations and the answer. Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 3 Civil Technology: Civil Services 3 DBE/2023 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines  Where an incorrect answer is correctly carried over, the marker must recalculate the values, using the incorrect answer from the first calculation. If correctly used, the candidate should receive the full marks for subsequent calculations.  Alternative methods of calculations must be considered, provided that the correct answer is obtained.  For the calculation of quantities marks will be awarded for the correct use of the dimension paper. 3. When marking drawings:  The member for which the mark should be awarded must be drawn correctly in the correct position to receive a mark.  A member incorrectly drawn but wrongfully repeated in another position will be awarded the mark for the repeated incorrect member provided that the marking guideline provide for TWO or more marks for that member (positive marking).  Marks can only be awarded for a label if the label is correctly indicating the correct member that was drawn. Do not consider labels for members that were provided with labels on the answer sheet.  Scale drawings should always be marked using an appropriate mask.  If the incorrect/wrong drawing was drawn, the candidate can be awarded for only what was provided for on the marking guideline.  If a two-dimensional drawing is required and a line diagram/pictorial/isometric drawing is drawn, members will be marked according to the assessment criteria and no marks will be awarded for the correctness of the drawing.  If candidates draw/give more information than what is required, mark strictly according to the assessment criteria.  The marks for the correctness of the drawing will only be awarded if the entire drawing with all members/parts is correctly drawn. 4. Incorrect numbering of questions:  If a candidate numbered an answer incorrectly, but the answer is in the correct position according to the sequence of the questions in the question paper, circle the incorrect numbering and mark the response.  If questions were answered randomly not following the same sequence as in the question paper and the learner numbered incorrectly, the response should NOT be marked. 5. Duplication of responses and questions answered in the incorrect place:  If a question is answered twice, mark the first response.  If a question should be answered on an answer sheet and the candidate answered it on both the answer sheet and in the answer book, mark the response on the answer sheet and cancel the response in the answer book.  If the question was answered in the answer book instead of on the answer sheet, mark the response in the answer book according to the assessment criteria on the marking guideline. Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 4 Civil Technology: Civil Services 4 DBE/2023 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines QUESTION 1: OHSA, MATERIALS, TOOLS, EQUIPMENT AND JOINING (GENERIC) 1.1 1.1.1 Safety features omitted from the scaffold are:  Baseplate   Soleplate   Kickboard/Toe-board   Guardrails ANY THREE OF THE ABOVE (3) 1.1.2 Platform used as displayed:  Vertical standards will sink into the ground   Can cause the scaffold/platform to tilt over   Can cause injuries to workers  Tools may fall from the scaffold on the workers below  Workers can fall from the scaffold ANY TWO OF THE ABOVE (2) 1.2 1.2.1 Rust  (1) 1.2.2 Zinc  (1) 1.2.3 Keeping it moist  (1) 1.2.4 Metal  (1) 1.2.5 Plastic  (1) 1.3 Height of guardrails (900 – 1 000 mm):  To keep workers safe on the platform   To prevent workers from falling over the guard rails ANY ONE OF THE ABOVE (1) 1.4 Precautions when storing a ladder:  Store a ladder in a dry place after use   Never store material and equipment on a ladder  Hang the ladder vertically/horizontally on wall brackets  The ladder should be stored within easy reach ANY ONE OF THE ABOVE (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 5 Civil Technology: Civil Services 5 DBE/2023 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines 1.5 The operator must check if:  The builders hoist is not overloaded   The gates are shut when the device is being used  Overhead protection is provided  Material is stacked firmly and correctly  Emergency brakes are installed/operational  Safety measures are displayed inside the cage ANY ONE OF THE ABOVE (1) 1.6 Any person/Fire fighters will be able to identify exactly what specific type of fire extinguisher to use in case of a fire.  (1) 1.7 A – Hexagonal nut  B – Square nut/Four sided nut  C – Wing nut/Butterfly nut  D – Domed top/Domed nut/Dome nut/Acorn nut/Cap nut  (4) 1.8 1.8.1 Tool that can be used:  Laser level   Spirit level with straight edge  Transparent pipe level  Dumpy level ANY ONE OF THE ABOVE (1) 1.8.2 Tool that can be used:  Dumpy level   Laser level ANY ONE OF THE ABOVE (1) [20] Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 6 Civil Technology: Civil Services 6 DBE/2023 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines QUESTION 2: GRAPHICS AS MEANS OF COMMUNICATION (GENERIC) ANSWER SHEET 2. NO. QUESTIONS ANSWERS MARK First floor: A/FIGURE A   Garage in FIGURE B   No arrows indicated in the staircase in FIGURE A Name the FIGURE that represents  No ramp in FIGURE A 1 the first floor. Give ONE reason for 2 your answer.  Balcony in FIGURE A  Staircase ANY ONE OF THE ABOVE ANSWER AND REASON OR ANY OTHER ACCEPTABLE ANSWER 2 Deduce from the building plan the 10  1 number of windows in the building. 3 Identify number 1. Balcony  1 4 Identify number 2. Shower  1 5 Identify number 6. One way switch – double pole  1 6 Identify number 8. Ramp  1 7 Identify number 9. Wall mounted light  1 8 Identify number 10. Wash tub  1 Identify the number that indicates the 9 7 1 garage door. Deduce from the building plan the 10 110 mm/110  1 omitted dimension of number 11. Deduce from the building plan the 11 material that must be used for Concrete  1 number 5. Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 7 Civil Technology: Civil Services 7 DBE/2023 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines Give the abbreviations for the following: Number 3: WC  12 2  Number 3 Number 4: WB/WHB   Number 4 Two-way switch: Describe the purpose of a two-way  Used to switch the same light on or 13 2 switch. off   From TWO different positions  Tiles/Novilon/Concrete/Vinyl/ Recommend an appropriate floor Painted floors/Laminated timber 14 1 covering for the kitchen. flooring/Timber floors  ANY ONE OF THE ABOVE Who was responsible for the 15 P Kriel  1 checking of the drawing? No switch/electrical Deduce ONE fault in the bathroom in connection/wiring/light/door/door 16 1 FIGURE A. opening/bath/bidet  ANY ONE OF THE ABOVE Rechargeable bulb/Candle/Paraffin Name an alternative light source that lamp/Gas lamp/Battery powered 17 can be used during load shedding for 1 lights/Torch/Solar/Cell phone  a dwelling. ANY ONE OF THE ABOVE State what was done during revision Revision 1: Drawing of Staircase  18 1 and revision 2 of the house plan. 2 Revision 2: Drawing of light fittings  Name the finish for the ramp as 19 Paving  1 prescribed by the architect. Draw the symbol for a damp-proof 20  2 membrane. 21 Draw the symbol for finished wood. 2  22 Draw the symbol for hardcore filling.  2 Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 8 Civil Technology: Civil Services 8 DBE/2023 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines Total horizontal dimensions Control test top Control test bottom 220  220  4 110  4 820  3 510  3 020  220  = 8 060 = 8 060  Prove, by means of a control test, OR that the total horizontal dimensions Top: 23 8 on the top and bottom of the plan in 220 + 4 110 + 3 510 + 220 mm FIGURE A are the same. = 8 060 mm Bottom: 220 + 4 820 + 3 020 = 8 060 mm Note: If the alternative method is used, one mark should be allocated if both totals are the same. Calculate the area of the floor plan in = 8,06  m x 6,05  m FIGURE B. Show ALL the = 48,76 m² 24 calculations. Give your answer in m². 3 Round your answers to TWO decimal OR places. = 8 060 mm x 6 050 mm = 48,76 m² TOTAL: 40 Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 9 Civil Technology: Civil Services 9 DBE/2023 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines QUESTION 3: CONSTRUCTION ASSOCIATED WITH CIVIL SERVICES, OHSA AND QUANTITIES (SPECIFIC) 3.1 100 mm  (1) 3.2 The lid of the concrete ring manhole should be set in frames  with greased double seals to make it airtight. (2) 3.3 215 mm  (1) 3.4 VERTICAL SHEETING/ WALING SUPPORT FOLDING WEDGE 4 2 5 2 3 6 STRUT CORRECTNESS OF SHORING: 1 NO. ASSESSMENT CRITERIA MARK 1 Correctness of shoring 1 2 Vertical sheeting/support 2 3 Strut 1 4 Ground level 1 5 Folding wedges 1 6 Waling 1 TOTAL: 7 (7) 3.5 Tools and accessories:  Spirit level  with a gradient template/incidence board   Spirit level (600 mm) with a 15 mm diameter piece of pipe (2) 3.6 Trained person  (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 10 Civil Technology: Civil Services 10 DBE/2023 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines 3.7 Before entering confined spaces:  A competent person must inspect and declare the area safe   The air must be tested   Harmful fumes and gasses must be removed  Make sure that worker has breathing apparatus/PPE ANY TWO OF THE ABOVE (2) 3.8 Safety regulations for working in elevated positions:  Ensure that the fall protection plan is adhered to   Workers must wear a safety harness/PPE   Ensure that the safety pin (D-clip) of a harness is hooked to the safety rope/rail ANY TWO OF THE ABOVE (2) 3.9 3.9.1 Volume of a cubic water storage tank = Area of base x height = s3 = 3,7 m  x 3,7 m  x 3,7 m  = 50,65 m3  (4) 3.9.2 Volume of water in tank = 50,65 x 1 000  litres/cubic metre = 50 650 ℓ  (2) 3.10 3.10.1 Closer brick/Queen closer  (1) 3.10.2 3 2 3 4 CORRECTNESS OF BRICK COURSE 1 NO. ASSESSMENT CRITERIA MARK 1 Correctness of brick course 1 2 Header course 1 3 Closer bricks/Queen closers 2 4 Stretcher course 1 TOTAL: 5 (5) [30] Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 11 Civil Technology: Civil Services 11 DBE/2023 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines QUESTION 4: COLD AND HOT-WATER SUPPLY, TOOLS, EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS (SPECIFIC) 4.1 4.1.1 J 4.1.2 A 4.1.3 E 4.1.4 K 4.1.5 G 4.1.6 F 4.1.7 H 4.1.8 I (8) 4.2 4.2.1 Full-way valve with lever handle/Shutoff valve  (1) 4.2.2 A - Hand lever/Lever/Handle  B - Gland seal  C - Ball  (3) 4.2.3 Part C/The ball will turn 90°  (1) 4.2.4 To shut of water supply when needed.  (1) 4.3 4.3.1 Drain-cleaning rods  (1) 4.3.2 A - Rodding eye  B - Bend 135° plain  C - T/Y-junction 135°  (3) 4.4 Compressed air test apparatus is used to check for:  Problems/Leaks   Other pipe defects before the system are used ANY ONE OF THE ABOVE Centrifugal pump is used to:  Move liquids   Convert kinetic energy of a spinning impeller to hydrodynamic energy ANY ONE OF THE ABOVE (2) 4.5 Faulty ball valve/Faulty flushing system/Handle for flushing is stuck/Faulty washer  ANY ONE OF THE ABOVE (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 12 Civil Technology: Civil Services 12 DBE/2023 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines 4.6 4.6.1 Red water diverter  (1) 4.6.2 The valve diverts red water/luke warm water/cool water before it reaches the tapsto a rainwater tank/storage tank/garden/pool.  (2) 4.7 4.7.1  (2) 4.7.2   (2) 4.8 4.8.1 A - Evacuated tube  B - Cold water inlet/Inlet  C - Hot water outlet/Outlet  (3) 4.8.2 Clear signs of malfunctioning of evacuated tubes:  No hot water flowing from the tap   Leakage that resulted from a tube that exploded  (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 13 Civil Technology: Civil Services 13 DBE/2023 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines 4.9 WALL 6 HOT-WATER 6 OUTLET 5 4 COLD-WATER 3 SUPPLY WALL MOUNTED GEYSER 2 COLD-WATER INLET CORRECTNESS OF LAYOUT 1 WALL NO. ASSESSMENT CRITERIA MARK 1 Correctness of layout 1 2 Cold-water inlet 1 3 Flow direction of cold-water 1 4 Hot-water outlet 1 5 Flow direction of hot-water 1 6 Vacuum breakers 2 TOTAL: 7 (7) [40] Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 14 Civil Technology: Civil Services 14 DBE/2023 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines QUESTION 5: GRAPHICS AS MEANS OF COMMUNICATION, ROOF WORK AND STORM WATER (SPECIFIC) 5.1 Factors to be determined:  The pitch of the roof   Position of the battens or purlins   Materials needed  Tools needed ANY TWO OF THE ABOVE (2) 5.2 Artificial storm water channels must:  Correspond with the natural flow of water   Not cause erosion   Not cause damage to the environment ANY TWO OF THE ABOVE (2) 5.3     RECTANGULAR GUTTER OUTLET ROUND GUTTER OUTLET (4) 5.4 Component used to secure downpipe to wall:  Holder bats   Downpipe clips ANY ONE OF THE ABOVE (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 15 Civil Technology: Civil Services 15 DBE/2023 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines 5.5 NO. ASSESSMENT CRITERIA MARK 1 Projection lines to determine 2 apex 2 Projection lines to true length 2 line 7 3 Arcs for development 4 4 Development of base of 4 4 pyramid 5 Development of top of pyramid 4 6 Folding lines 3 5 7 3mm seam on both sides 2 TOTAL: 21 6 5 4 6 5 1 1 3 4 2 6 3 5 2 3 4 7 3 NOT TO SCALE: USE A MASK TO MARK THIS QUESTION A (21) [30] Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 16 Civil Technology: Civil Services 16 DBE/2023 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines QUESTION 6: SEWERAGE, SANITARY FITTINGS AND JOINING (SPECIFIC) 6.1 6.1.1 C (1) 6.1.2 A (1) 6.1.3 D (1) 6.1.4 B (1) 6.1.5 B (1) 6.2 6.2.1 Cistern  (1) 6.2.2 Flush pipe/Long radius PVC bend pipe  (1) 6.2.3 Rubber cone  (1) 6.2.4 Pan collar/Pan connector/Flexible pan connector  (1) 6.2.5 Material used for the manufacture of the water closet pan:  Glazed porcelain   Stainless steel  Ceramic ANY ONE OF THE ABOVE (1) 6.2.6 Fixing agents used to attach pan to the floor:  Bolts   Silicone  Cement  Mortar  Epoxy ANY ONE OF THE ABOVE (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 17 Civil Technology: Civil Services 17 DBE/2023 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines SOLVENT WELD 6.3  PIPE INSERTED   SOLVENT WELD ASSESSMENT CRITERIA MARK Correctness of joining pipe and socket 1 Solvent weld 2 TOTAL: 3 (3) 6.4 6.4.1 Waterproof cement plaster/Plaster  (1) 6.4.2 Purpose of waterproof cement plaster:  Prevent liquid from penetrating the walls   Prevent solids from attaching to the insides of the walls  Keep the walls durable ANY ONE OF THE ABOVE (1) 6.4.3 Draw-off valve/Exhaust valve/Outlet valve/Street valve  (1) 6.4.4 The draw-off valve is located close to the road to enable easy removal of the waste. (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 18 Civil Technology: Civil Services 18 DBE/2023 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines 6.5 INSPECTION EYE COVER 2 COMPACTED FILLING 5 DISTRIBUTION PIPE COARSE SAND 3 4 GRAVEL FILLING INSPECTION PIPE 6 CORRECTNESS OF FRENCH DRAIN 1 NO. ASSESSMENT CRITERIA MARK 1 Correctness of French drain 1 2 Compacted filling 1 3 Coarse sand 1 4 Gravel filling 1 5 Distribution pipe 1 6 Inspection pipe with eye cover 1 TOTAL: 6 (6) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 19 Civil Technology: Civil Services 19 DBE/2023 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines 6.6 ERROR ON PLAN REASON Incorrect line type for the sewer Dashed line used instead of chain type line  line  Branch pipe is placed in the Must be directed towards the municipal incorrect direction connection  The rodding eye positioned Should be positioned at the farthest incorrectly point/head/start of the main sewer line  The manhole is positioned Should be positioned before the incorrectly municipal connection There is no gulley/stub stack Gulley/Stub stack should be positioned at waste pipe from the sink No inspection eye/The inspection Abbreviation is incorrectly indicated as eye is incorrectly labelled RE ANY THREE OF THE ABOVE (6) 6.7 MUNICIPAL CONNECTION RE 7 IE IE MH 4 2 3 6 NOTE: ALTERNATE ABBREVIATIONS 8 IE BATHROOM FOR VENT PIPE ARE VV/SVP. CURVES AT MAIN SEWER PIPES CAN BE VP REPLACED BY A 45° LINE. 5 2 MH MAY BE REPLACED BY RE NEAR MUNICIPAL CONNECTION. RE 7 CORRECTNESS OF SEWERAGE INSTALLATION 1 3 NO. ASSESSMENT CRITERIA MARK 1 Correctness of sewerage layout 1 2 Main sewer lines 2 3 Junction of main sewer lines: 45°/Quarter round 1 4 Branch pipes 1 5 Vent pipe 1 6 Gully 1 7 Rodding eyes 2 8 Inspection eyes 1 TOTAL: 10 (10) [40] TOTAL: 200 Copyright reserved ## Related documents - [CIV TECH GR12 QP SEPT 2023 Construction English](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/civ-tech-gr12-qp-sept-2023-construction-english/4163a632-f091-41bf-8a36-993d566fb2cc) — Civil Technology · QP · 2023 · Eng - [CIV TECH GR12 MEMO SEPT2022 Woodworking English](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/civ-tech-gr12-memo-sept2022-woodworking-english/62d9cbb1-1077-4edb-86c4-7a21fd6749a9) — Civil Technology · Memo · 2022 · Eng - [CIV TECH GR12 MEMO SEPT2022 Civil Services English](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/civ-tech-gr12-memo-sept2022-civil-services-english/896ddb1f-2144-4bfc-a35a-3a71507d7637) — Civil Technology · Memo · 2022 · Eng - [CIV TECH GR12 MEMO SEPT2021 English Civil Services](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/civ-tech-gr12-memo-sept2021-english-civil-services/80eb9860-b118-41e2-98fd-5bea1b29a026) — Civil Technology · Memo · 2021 · Eng - [CIVIL TECH GR12 MEMO GR12 SEPT2017 English](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/civil-tech-gr12-memo-gr12-sept2017-english/fcb77566-a1ac-4dff-af72-678e70ccfbc4) — Civil Technology · Memo · 2017 · Eng - [Civil Technology May June 2019 (Civil Services) Memo Afr](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/civil-technology-may-june-2019-civil-services-memo-afr/2a9b9e1b-37dc-48dc-9aa7-67dd5fa19a10) — Civil Technology · Memo · 2019 · Afr ## More from Grade 12 Civil Technology - [Civil Technology Nov 2025 (Woodworking) Afr](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/grade-12-civil-technology-2025-nsc-november-exam-question-paper/05a95faf-5891-4d88-9e5e-7d13c1d21648) — QP · 2025 · Afr - [CIV TECH GR12 QP SEPT2024 Construction English](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/civ-tech-gr12-qp-sept2024-construction-english/12643629-87af-4230-a48a-002beb7f6cd7) — QP · 2024 · Eng - [Civil Technology Nov 2024 (Woodworking) Afr](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/civil-technology-nov-2024-woodworking-afr/eefaae29-fe93-4b75-8223-87bf4f3fc14c) — QP · 2024 · Afr - [Civil Technology Nov 2024 (Civil Services) Afr](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/civil-technology-nov-2024-civil-services-afr/307147a5-3280-4a11-a82e-cf3e33388eb0) — QP · 2024 · Afr - [Civil Technology Nov 2023 (Construction) Eng](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/civil-technology-nov-2023-construction-eng/e6743728-8140-42ae-838d-282654a975a5) — QP · 2023 · Eng - [Civil Technology Nov 2023 (Civil Services) Afr](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/civil-technology-nov-2023-civil-services-afr/b820ac91-947c-4aed-821f-256aa13aabe1) — QP · 2023 · Afr ## Collection - [Grade 12 past papers](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/past-papers) --- Hlayiso: free CAPS and IEB past papers, memos, notes and study guides for South African learners. 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