# Electrical Technology Grade 12 NSC June 2024 QP (Eng)

> Grade 12 Electrical Technology question paper from the NSC June Exam 2024 (English), 33 pages. Read online or download the free PDF.

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- Updated: 2026-09-28
- Subject: Electrical Technology
- Grade: Grade 12
- Language: English
- Document type: Question paper
- Year: 2024
- Exam period: NSC June Exam
- Curriculum: CAPS
- Pages: 33

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## About this document

Electrical Technology · Grade 12 · NSC June Exam · 2024 · English. Question paper, 33 pages. Read online or download the PDF.

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## Document text

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### Page 1

SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATIONS/
         NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATIONS

                     ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY: ELECTRONICS

                                        2023

                                                                        MARKS: 200

                                                                       TIME: 3 hours

        This question paper consists of 27 pages, a 1-page formula sheet and
                              a 5-page answer sheet.

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INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION

1.         This question paper consists of SIX questions.

2.         Answer ALL the questions.

3.         Answer the following questions on the attached ANSWER SHEETS:

           QUESTIONS 4.4.3 and 4.5.3
           QUESTIONS 5.3.6, 5.4.3 and 5.6.1
           QUESTIONS 6.2.2, 6.6.3 and 6.8.3

4.         Write your centre number and examination number on every ANSWER
           SHEET and hand them in with your ANSWER BOOK, whether you have used
           them or not.

5.         Sketches and diagrams must be large, neat and FULLY LABELLED.

6.         Show ALL calculations and round off answers correctly to TWO decimal
           places.

7.         Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this
           question paper.

8.         You may use a non-programmable calculator.

9.         Calculations must include:

           9.1       Formulae and manipulations where needed

           9.2       Correct replacement of values

           9.3       Correct answer and relevant units where applicable

10.        A formula sheet is attached at the end of this question paper.

11.        Write neatly and legibly.

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QUESTION 1: MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS

Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. Choose
the answer and write only the letter (A–D) next to the question numbers (1.1 to 1.15) in
the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 1.16 D.

1.1       A critical incident causes …

          A      damage to equipment. External repair services are required.
          B      a person to sustain a sudden and severe physical injury. External
                 medical services are required.
          C      a person to sustain a physical injury. External medical services are not
                 required.
          D      a person to get a mental disturbance. A restful recovery is required.             (1)

1.2       The … is the term used for the ratio of the applied voltage to the resulting
          circuit current where the applied voltage is the resultant of V R, VC and VL in an
          RLC circuit.

          A      reactance
          B      resistance
          C      impedance
          D      phase angle                                                                       (1)

1.3       The current through a capacitor in an RLC parallel circuit will … when the
          frequency increases.

          A      remain the same
          B      decrease
          C      increase
          D      be zero                                                                           (1)

1.4       The … of the inductor is the ratio of the inductor's reactance (XL) to its internal
          resistance (rint).

          A      resonant frequency
          B      Q-factor
          C      power
          D      gain                                                                              (1)

1.5       If the emitter is supplied with sufficient current, the UJT operating point will
          continue falling until the … point is reached.

          A      zero voltage
          B      saturation
          C      cut-off
          D      valley                                                                            (1)

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1.6       ONE of the advantages of a Darlington transistor, when used in common
          collector mode, is that it has …

          A      lower input impedance.
          B      high voltage distortion.
          C      higher output impedance.
          D      lower output impedance.                                                       (1)

1.7       ONE of the characteristics of an ideal op amp is that the input impedance is …

          A      extremely high.
          B      zero.
          C      extremely low.
          D      moderate.                                                                     (1)

1.8       When negative feedback is used in an op-amp circuit, the overall gain is …

          A      increased.
          B      unchanged.
          C      reduced.
          D      infinite.                                                                     (1)

1.9       The operation of a Schmitt trigger can best be described by …

          A      hysteresis.
          B      negative feedback.
          C      open-loop gain.
          D      attenuation.                                                                  (1)

1.10      The … is the only op-amp application that uses an 'open loop' connection to
          bring its full gain of ±100 000 into use.

          A      summing amplifier
          B      integrator
          C      comparator
          D      differentiator                                                                (1)

1.11      The … determines the shape of the output in an op-amp integrator circuit.

          A      input capacitor
          B      feedback resistor
          C      input voltage
          D      RC time constant                                                              (1)

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1.12      When a square wave is fed to the input of a passive RC differentiator with a
          short time constant, the output will be a …

          A      sine wave with 90º phase shift.
          B      spike with a fast rise and slow decay.
          C      square wave with 180º phase shift.
          D      a triangular wave.                                                               (1)

1.13      Tuning circuits in RF amplifiers are primarily …

          A      class A amplifiers.
          B      class B amplifiers.
          C      class AB amplifiers.
          D      class C amplifiers.                                                              (1)

1.14      In an amplifier, the gain that occurs between the lower and upper frequency
          range is called the …

          A      critical gain.
          B      input gain.
          C      midrange gain.
          D      decibel gain.                                                                    (1)

1.15      An oscillator differs from an amplifier because the oscillator …

          A      has no gain.
          B      requires no input signal.
          C      requires an input signal.
          D      always has a half-wave output.                                                   (1)
                                                                                                  [15]

QUESTION 2: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY

2.1       State the purpose of the Occupational Health and Safety Act, 1993 (Act 85 of
          1993).                                                                                  (3)

2.2       Explain how an unsafe act can reduce the rate of production at the work
          place.                                                                                  (2)

2.3       Explain the term high impact; low probability with reference to risk analysis.          (2)

2.4       State TWO recommended procedures to stop bleeding in an emergency.                      (2)

2.5       State ONE procedure to follow for personal protection when administering the
          procedures mentioned in QUESTION 2.4.                                                   (1)
                                                                                                  [10]

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QUESTION 3: RLC CIRCUITS

3.1       Describe what is meant by the term in phase with reference to the relationship
          between the applied voltage and current in an RLC circuit connected to an
          AC supply.                                                                           (3)

3.2       Refer to the AC waveforms in FIGURE 3.2 below and draw the phasor
          diagram that represents them.

                                     +V                   VL
                                           IL

                                                                t

                                     -V

                       FIGURE 3.2: CURRENT AND VOLTAGE WAVEFORMS                               (3)

3.3       Name TWO applications of resonance as applicable to tuned circuits.                  (2)

3.4       Identify the graphs below.

                        FIGURE 3.4(a)                          FIGURE 3.4(b)

          3.4.1        FIGURE 3.4(a)                                                           (1)

          3.4.2        FIGURE 3.4(b)                                                           (1)

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3.5       Refer to FIGURE 3.5 below and answer the questions that follow.

                       VL= 60 V

                                                           VT

                                      θ
                                                                     I=4A
                                                      VR = 30 V

                       VC = 20 V
                                     FIGURE 3.5: PHASOR DIAGRAM

          Given:

          VL      = 60 V
          VC      = 20 V
          VR      = 30 V
          I       = 4A
          f       = 60 Hz

          3.5.1        Calculate the value of the supply voltage.                                (3)

          3.5.2        Calculate the phase angle.                                                (3)

          3.5.3        State whether the phase angle is leading or lagging.                      (1)

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3.6       Refer to FIGURE 3.6 below and answer the questions that follow.

                                                       L          XC= 113,12 Ω
                             R = 100 Ω

                               IT = 1,5 A
                                               150 V/3 kHz

                                     FIGURE 3.6: RLC SERIES CIRCUIT

          Given:

          R       = 100 Ω
          XC      = 113,12 Ω
          VT      = 150 V
          IT      = 1,5 A
          f       = 3 kHz

          3.6.1        Calculate the value of the inductance for the circuit to resonate
                       at 3 kHz.                                                                    (3)

          3.6.2        Calculate the Q-factor of the circuit at resonance.                          (3)

          3.6.3        Calculate the bandwidth of the circuit.                                      (3)

          3.6.4        Explain how the value of the total current would be influenced if R
                       is halved when the circuit is at resonance.                                  (1)

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3.7       Refer to FIGURE 3.7 below and answer the questions that follow.

                      1,22 A         IT    1,2 A     IR              IL       0,2 A       IC

                     120 V                  R                   XL           Xc
                     100 Hz               100 Ω             3               600 Ω

                          FIGURE 3.7: RLC PARALLEL CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

          Given:

          VT      = 120 V
          IR      = 1,2 A
          IC      = 0,2 A
          IT      = 1,22 A
          f       = 100 Hz
          R       = 1 Ω
          XC      = 6 Ω
          XL      = 3 Ω

          3.7.1        Calculate the current through the inductor.                                        (3)

          3.7.2        Calculate the value of the active power.                                           (3)

          3.7.3        State, with a reason, if the circuit is capacitive or inductive.                   (2)
                                                                                                          [35]

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QUESTION 4: SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES

4.1       Identify the semiconductor device symbols in QUESTIONS 4.1.1 and 4.1.2
          below.

          4.1.1                          D

                         G

                                         S                                                  (2)

          4.1.2                          D

                        G

                                         S                                                  (2)

4.2       Describe the construction of the MOSFET in FIGURE 4.2 below.

                                                  G
                                     S                      D

                                              P-substrate

                                                  G

                  FIGURE 4.2: CROSS-SECTION OF A MOSFET CONSTRUCTION                        (4)

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4.3       Refer to FIGURE 4.3 below and answer the questions that follow.

                                                                                          VDD

                                           R1                 RD
                                                                              C2
                                                                                        VOUT
                                                                     D

                                      C1
                               VIN                   G
            VIN
                                                                    S

                  0    90⁰   180⁰          R2                 RS

                                                                                          0V

                                     FIGURE 4.3: MOSFET AMPLIFIER

          4.3.1        State the purpose of R1 and R2.                                                (1)

          4.3.2        Describe how the MOSFET can be operated as a linear amplifier.                 (3)

          4.3.3        Describe the operation of the circuit during the first 90º of the input
                       signal.                                                                        (3)

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4.4       Refer to FIGURE 4.4 below and answer the questions that follow.

                ID
                                             VGS

                                         A
                           ID

                                                          + VGS
                         Input signal

                        FIGURE 4.4: TRANSFER CHARACTERISTIC CURVE

          4.4.1        Identify the type of transistor used to produce the characteristic
                       curve in FIGURE 4.4.                                                     (1)

          4.4.2        Name point A on the characteristic curve.                                (1)

          4.4.3        Draw the output waveform on the ANSWER SHEET for
                       QUESTION 4.4.3.                                                          (2)

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4.5       FIGURE 4.5 below shows a UJT as a saw-tooth generator. Answer the
          questions that follow.

                                                                                + VBB

                                         R1                 R2

                                                                      B2
                                                       E

                  VC                                                  B1

                                         C
                                                            R3
                                     t
                                                                                0V

                       FIGURE 4.5: THE UJT AS A SAW-TOOTH GENERATOR

          4.5.1        State the mode of switching of the UJT in FIGURE 4.5.                      (1)

          4.5.2        Explain the purpose of R3.                                                 (2)

          4.5.3        Draw the output waveform that would develop across B 1 on the
                       ANSWER SHEET for QUESTION 4.5.3.                                           (3)

4.6       FIGURE 4.6 below shows two identical signals on the input terminals of an op
          amp. Draw the output waveform of the op amp in the ANSWER BOOK.

               V1                    t                           +V

                                         V1             -
                                                                                    VOUT
                                         V2             +

                                                                 -V
               V2                    t

                                         FIGURE 4.6: 741 OP AMP                                   (2)

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4.7       Refer to FIGURE 4.7 below and answer the questions that follow.

                                                +9 V

                                                                     RF
                                                 -9V                47 kΩ
                VIN                                                            VOUT

                                                                     RIN
                                                                    10 kΩ

                                                                               0V

                          FIGURE 4.7: OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER CIRCUIT

          4.7.1        Identify the op-amp circuit in FIGURE 4.7.                               (1)

          4.7.2        Describe what is meant by infinite bandwidth of an op amp.               (2)

          4.7.3        Calculate the voltage gain.                                              (3)

          4.7.4        Calculate the output voltage if a 100 mV signal is applied to the
                       input.                                                                   (3)

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4.8        Refer to FIGURE 4.8 below and answer the questions that follow.

                                                       Discharge           Threshold
                                 +Vcc
                                Supply                                                                  A
                                 8                     7                    6                           5

                                            5 kΩ
                                                                   _
                                                                   +
                                                    Comparator 1
                                                                                               Q
                                                                       S
                                                                                       Flip-
                                            5 kΩ                                       flop
                                                    Comparator 2
                                                                       R
                                                                                               Q
                                                                   _
                                                                   +
                                                                                               Output
                                            5 kΩ                                               driver

                                 Ground 1
                                                       2

                                                                            Output 3
                                                                                                        4

                                                                                                        Reset
                                                       B

                                              FIGURE 4.8: 555 IC TIMER

           4.8.1       Label pins A and B.                                                                                         (2)

           4.8.2       Explain the function of the discharge input on pin 7.                                                       (2)

           4.8.3       Explain the function of comparator 1.                                                                       (3)

           4.8.4       State TWO uses of the 555 IC.                                                                               (2)
                                                                                                                                   [45]

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QUESTION 5: SWITCHING CIRCUITS

5.1       FIGURE 5.1 below shows block diagrams with different input and output
          states for three types of multivibrators. Identify the multivibrator in each of the
          following blocks.

                        Input                   X                     Output

                                                            T1   T2
                                 T1       T2

                                                Y                          Output
                        Input
                                                            T1
                                     T1

                                 No input       Z                        Output

                      FIGURE 5.1: BLOCK DIAGRAMS OF MULTIVIBRATORS

          5.1.1        Block X                                                                       (1)

          5.1.2        Block Y                                                                       (1)

          5.1.3        Block Z                                                                       (1)

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5.2       FIGURE 5.2 below shows the circuit of a multivibrator. Answer the questions
          that follow.

                                                                      R1
                                                                     1 kΩ
                                                                         RS
                                                4    8       3
                                                             7

                         9V                     5   555                R2
                                                                     100 kΩ
                                                                               LED
                                                2    1       6

                                 C2      C1
                               0,1 µF   10 µF

                                FIGURE 5.2: MULTIVIBRATOR CIRCUIT

          5.2.1        State the purpose of variable resistor R2.                                       (2)

          5.2.2        Explain how the LED will be affected if it is directly connected to
                       pin 3 without resistor RS .                                                      (3)

          5.2.3        Explain how this circuit operates.                                               (4)

          5.2.4        State the discharge path of capacitor C1.                                        (1)

5.3       FIGURE 5.3 below shows a monostable multivibrator circuit using a 741 op
          amp. The capacitor is fully charged through resistor R3. Answer the questions
          that follow.

                                          R1         R3
                                          4k7       1 kΩ
                                                         2       7
                                                                       6      VOUT
                       6V
                                                         3
                                                                 4
                                          R2
                               S          4k7         C
                                                     10 µF
                                                                              0V

                      FIGURE 5.3: MONOSTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR CIRCUIT

          5.3.1        Determine the voltage at pin 2 (inverting input) of the op amp.                  (2)

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          5.3.2        Determine the voltage at pin 3 (non-inverting input) when the
                       switch is open.                                                                           (1)

          5.3.3        State whether the output is high (6 V) or low (0 V) when the switch
                       is open. Motivate your answer.                                                            (2)

          5.3.4        Determine the voltage at pin 3 (non-inverting input) when the
                       switch is pressed. Motivate your answer.                                                  (2)

          5.3.5        Describe the operation of the circuit with reference to the voltages
                       on the two input terminals and the output of the op amp when the
                       switch is pressed.                                                                        (5)

          5.3.6        Refer to FIGURE 5.3.6 below and draw the output waveform on the
                       ANSWER SHEET for QUESTION 5.3.6.

                                               V
                                                   6                                     VC

                                                   4
                                     Input
                                       Inset                                             VR2
                                                   2

                                                   0
                                                                                          t
                                                           FIGURE 5.3.6                                          (3)

5.4       FIGURE 5.4 below shows a non-inverting Schmitt trigger. Answer the
          questions that follow.

                                                                       +9 V

                                                                                       VOUT
                          +V

                        VIN
                                               t                           -9 V   R2
                                           VIN           R1
                          -V

                         FIGURE 5.4: NON-INVERTING SCHMITT TRIGGER

          5.4.1        Determine the voltage at which the circuit will trigger. Motivate your
                       answer.                                                                                   (2)

          5.4.2        Name TWO uses of a Schmitt trigger.                                                       (2)

          5.4.3        Draw the output                 signal   on   the     ANSWER      SHEET          for
                       QUESTION 5.4.3.                                                                           (4)

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5.5       The information in TABLE 5.5 below was gathered from an inverting summing
          amplifier with three inputs. The input resistors are all equal and the feedback
          resistance was adjusted by using a variable resistor. Use the data in the table
          to answer the questions that follow.

            INPUT 1       INPUT 2        INPUT 3      RIN       RF      VOUT          GAIN
              (V)           (V)            (V)       (kΩ)      (kΩ)      (V)
               3             1              2         10         X        -6            -1
              0,3           0,4            0,3        10       100      -10             Y
               1            0,5            0,5        10        20        Z             -2
                                                   TABLE 5.5

          5.5.1        Determine the value of the feedback resistance (RF) at X.                   (1)

          5.5.2        Calculate the gain at Y.                                                    (3)

          5.5.3        Calculate the output voltage (VOUT) at Z.                                   (3)

          5.5.4        Deduce from TABLE 5.5 the relationship between RF and the gain.             (1)

5.6       Refer to FIGURE 5.6 below and answer the questions that follow.

                                                               RF

           +V
                                                   1 nF         +V
                                         VIN
                                     t
                                                                                     VOUT
            -V

                                                      R1           -V

                                                                                     0V

                                FIGURE 5.6: OP-AMP DIFFERENTIATOR

          5.6.1        Draw the output on the ANSWER SHEET for QUESTION 5.6.1.                     (4)

          5.6.2        Explain what determines the polarity of the output voltage.                 (2)
                                                                                                   [50]

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QUESTION 6: AMPLIFIERS

6.1       Define the term stability with reference to the Q-point of amplifiers.                      (2)

6.25.     Refer to FIGURE 6.2 below and answer the questions that follow.

                               IC
                                               Input signal

               Output signal

                                            Q-point

                                                                                           (V)
                                        4        8      12      16       20          VCE

                       FIGUREF FIGURE 6.2: CLASSES OF AMPLIFICATION

          6.2.1        Identify the class of amplification represented in FIGURE 6.2.                 (1)

          6.2.2        Draw the output waveform on the ANSWER SHEET for
                       QUESTION 6.2.2.                                                                (2)

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6.3       Refer to FIGURE 6.3 below and answer the questions that follow.

                                                                                             +20 Vcc
             Ic
           (mA)
              6
                                                               IB = 140 µA RB           RC
              5
                  C                                           IB = 120 µA                        Vout
              4                                              IB = 100 µA

              3                                             IB = 80 µA
                                     A                                                         Q1
                                                           IB = 60 µA
              2                                           IB = 40 µA
                                     B                                                  RE
                                                          IB = 20 µA
              1
                                                         IB = 0
                                                             f         (V)
                                                                   VCE                          0V
                         4       8      12      16      20
                                                                                TRANSISTOR BIASING
                             CHARACTERISTIC CURVE

          FIGURE 6.3: CHARACTERISTIC CURVE AND TRANSISTOR BIASING

          66.3.1       Identify region C in the characteristic curve.                                      (1)

          66.3.2       Interpret the data given in FIGURE 6.3 above and calculate the
                       value of the load resistor.                                                         (3)

          66.3.3       Explain why the gradient of the load line decreased from A to B
                       while the supply voltage remained the same.                                         (2)

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6.4       Refer to FIGURE 6.4 below and answer the questions that follow.

                                                                                   +9 V

                                 R1            RC
                                                           C2
                                                C
                               C1
                                           B
                                                    BC 109
                                                E                              Earphone
                  Microphone

                                 R2            RE        CE
               20 Hz–2 kHz

                                                                                      0V

                                FIGURE 6.4: RC-COUPLED AMPLIFIER

          6.4.1        Determine the value of the voltage drop across RC.                            (1)

          6.4.2        Explain why the circuit in FIGURE 6.4 must be an audio amplifier.             (3)

          6.4.3        Explain the function of the capacitor CE in parallel with resistor RE.        (2)

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6.5       Refer to FIGURE 6.5 below and answer the questions that follow.

                                                                                    + VCC

                                             T1                          T2
                      R1                                R3

                                        Q1                         Q2

                                                              C2                   C3
                      R2             R E1    C1         R4              R E2

                                                                                        0V
               FIGURE 6.5: TWO-STAGE TRANSFORMER-COUPLED AMPLIFIER

          6.5.1        State TWO functions of capacitors C1 and C3.                               (2)

          6.5.2        State ONE advantage of the transformer-coupled amplifier.                  (1)

          6.5.3        Describe the uses of T1.                                                   (3)

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6.6       Refer to FIGURE 6.6 below and answer the questions that follow.

                                                                   +Vcc

                                                         Q1
                                                              C2

           V                                             Q2
                           Input signal

                                                                                Speaker

                     FIGURE 6.6: PUSH-PULL AMPLIFIER CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

          6.6.1        State the disadvantage of the amplifier in FIGURE 6.6.                      (1)

          6.6.2        Describe the function of C2.                                                (2)

          6.6.3        Draw the output waveform across transistor Q2 on the ANSWER
                       SHEET for QUESTION 6.6.3.                                                   (2)

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Electrical Technology: Electronics             25                                  DBE/2023
                                             SC/NSC

6.7       Refer to FIGURE 6.7 below and answer the questions that follow.

                                                                                +VCC
                                                            T2

                                R1    C1                             C2        Output

                           T1
                                                    Q1

            Input

                                R2   C3        RE        CE
                                                                                 0V

                            FIGURE 6.7: RADIO-FREQUENCY AMPLIFIER

          6.7.1        State the use of the radio frequency amplifier.                          (2)

          6.7.2        With reference to radio frequency amplifiers, state the term used
                       for unwanted frequencies.                                                (1)

          6.7.3        Give the reason for using two LC-tuned circuits instead of one
                       LC-tuned circuit.                                                        (1)

          6.7.4        Explain why pre-set capacitors are used in the LC-tuned circuits
                       instead of ordinary capacitors.                                          (1)

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Electrical Technology: Electronics                26                                             DBE/2023
                                                SC/NSC

6.8        Refer to FIGURE 6.8 below and answer the questions that follow.

                                                                                      +VCC

                                                                                      RF choke
                                                               R1

                                                  C2                              C4

                                                         C3
                                                                            Q1

             VC1
                                           L1                                                    output

                             C1                                R2      R3
                                                                                 C5
                     t

                                                                                             0V
                                           L2

                                     FIGURE 6.8: HARTLEY OSCILLATOR

           6.8.1         State ONE application of the Hartley oscillator.                                   (1)

           6.8.2         State the purpose of transistor Q1.                                                (2)

           6.8.3         Draw the output waveform of the circuit on the ANSWER SHEET
                         for QUESTION 6.8.3 when an AC signal is developed across the
                         capacitor (C1) of the tank circuit.                                                (2)

Copyright reserved                                                                       Please turn over

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Electrical Technology: Electronics                27                                    DBE/2023
                                                SC/NSC

6.9        Refer to FIGURE 6.9 below and answer the questions that follow.

                                                                                 +VCC

                                        RB                        RC

                                                                           C5
                                                                                    VOUT

                C1           C2        C3
                                                                 Q1

                   R1         R2        R3                 R4         C4

                                                                                  0V

                              FIGURE 6.9: RC PHASE-SHIFT OSCILLATOR

           6.9.1        State the function of RC.                                                  (2)

           6.9.2        Calculate the value of the capacitor when the oscillation frequency
                        of the RC phase-shift oscillator is 64,98 Hz with a resistor value of
                        1 kΩ.                                                                      (3)

           6.9.3        Will the oscillation frequency of the circuit decrease or increase
                        when the values of the capacitors in the phase-shift network
                        decrease? Motivate your answer.                                            (2)
                                                                                                   [45]

                                                                                    TOTAL:         200

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### Page 28

Electrical Technology: Electronics                                                                              DBE/2023
                                                         SC/NSC

                                                      FORMULA SHEET
RLC CIRCUITS                                                   SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
 =       os θ                                                                    VOUT   R                                  RF
XL  2 fL                                                        Gain A V            F                     AV  1
                                                                                  VIN   RIN                                RIN
          1
XC                                                                   T=         (       )
        2 fC
fr 
            1        OR fr  f2  f1
       2 LC                          2                               T=         (1          )
        fr
BW                  OR   BW  f2  f1
        Q                                                         SWITCHING CIRCUITS
Series                                                                       R        R         R 
                                                                  VOUT    V1 F  V2 F  ...VN F 
VR  I R                                                                     R1       R2        RN 
VL  I XL                                                                        VOUT         VOUT
                                                                  Gain A V           
VC  I XC                                                                         VIN   V1  V2  ...VN 
       VT                     IT  IR  IC  IL                   VOUT   (V1  V2  ...VN )
IT                  OR
       Z                                                          AMPLIFIERS
                                                                      V
Z     R 2  X L  X C 
                              2
                                                                  IC  C                VCC  VCE  ICRC
                                                                      RC
VT      VR  VL  VC                    VT  I Z                VB  VBE  VRE
                 2                2
                                      OR
             R            VR           V - VC                            VOUT
Cos θ         OR Cos θ     OR Tan θ  L                         AV 
             Z            VT             VR                                VIN
       XL XC VL VC 1 L                                                  I
Q                                                            A I  OUT
       R   R   VT VT R C                                                  IIN
Parallel                                                                P
                                                                  A P  OUT                          AP  A V A I
VT  VR  VL  VC                                                         PIN           OR
       VT
IR                                                               βT = β1 x β2          OR A VT  A V1  A V2  A V3  ...A Vn
       R
    VT
IC                                                               PIN  I2  ZIN                       POUT  I2  Z OUT
    XC                                                                                       AND
    V                                                             Oscillation frequency
IL  T
    XL                                                                                       OR
                                                                             √                                   √
IT  IR  IL  IC 
             2            2
                                                                  GAIN IN DECIBELS
       VT                                                                       I
Z                                                                A I  20log10 OUT
       IT                                                                         IIN
       I                                                                             VOUT
Cos θ  R                                                         A V  20log10              OR     A V  20log 10 A VT
       IT                                                                             VIN
       R   R                                                                           POUT                               P2
Q                                                               A P  10log10                   OR A P  10log10
       XL X C                                                                           PIN                               P1

  Copyright reserved

### Page 29

Electrical Technology: Electronics                                                   DBE/2023
                                            SC/NSC

CENTRE NUMBER:

EXAMINATION NUMBER:
ANSWER SHEET

QUESTION 4: SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
4.4.3
               ID
                                           VGS
                                                      Output signal

                                       A
                           ID

                                                      VGS
                                                                      Transfer mark to
                                                                        answer book
                        Input signal

                                           FIGURE 4.4.3                           MOD           (2)

4.5.3
             VC

                                                            t

            VR2

                                                                      Transfer mark to
                                                                        answer book

                                                            t
                                           FIGURE 4.5.3                           MOD           (3)

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### Page 30

Electrical Technology: Electronics                                     DBE/2023
                                         SC/NSC

CENTRE NUMBER:

EXAMINATION NUMBER:

ANSWER SHEET

QUESTION 5: SWITCHING CIRCUITS

5.3.6                  V
                       6                     VC

                       4
               Input                         VR2
                       2

                       0
                                              t
                       V
                       6

                       4
              Output
                                                    Transfer mark to
                       2                              answer book

                       0
                                              t
                                     FIGURE 5.3.6               MOD          (3)

5.4.3           +V

                VIN
                                     t

                 -V

             +VSAT

               VOUT
                                     t              Transfer mark to
                                                      answer book

              -VSAT
                                     FIGURE 5.4.3               MOD          (4)

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### Page 31

Electrical Technology: Electronics                                         DBE/2023
                                          SC/NSC

CENTRE NUMBER:

EXAMINATION NUMBER:

ANSWER SHEET

5.6.1
                 +V

               VIN
                                     t
                 -V

                 +V

               VOUT                                     Transfer mark to
                                     t                    answer book

                 -V
                                         FIGURE 5.6.1               MOD          (4)

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### Page 32

Electrical Technology: Electronics                                                     DBE/2023
                                               SC/NSC

CENTRE NUMBER:

EXAMINATION NUMBER:

ANSWER SHEET

QUESTION 6: AMPLIFIERS

6.2.2

                            IC
                                               Input signal

            Output signal

                                         Q-point

                                                                                     (V)
                                     4          8       12    16   20          VCE

                                                                        Transfer mark to
                                                                          answer book

                                           FIGURE 6.2.2                              MOD          (2)

6.6.3
              +V

                                           t
                                                                        Transfer mark to
                                                                          answer book

             -V
                                           FIGURE 6.6.3                             MOD           (2)

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### Page 33

Electrical Technology: Electronics                                     DBE/2023
                                     SC/NSC

CENTRE NUMBER:

EXAMINATION NUMBER:

ANSWER SHEET

6.8.3

                     VC1
                                              t

              Output
             waveform                         t

                                                    Transfer mark to
                                                      answer book

                                     FIGURE 6.8.3               MOD               (2)

Copyright reserved

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