# Electrical Technology Grade 12 NSC November 2025 QP (Eng)

> Grade 12 Electrical Technology question paper from the NSC November Exam 2025 (English), 28 pages. Read online or download the free PDF.

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- Updated: 2026-09-28
- Subject: Electrical Technology
- Grade: Grade 12
- Document type: Question paper
- Year: 2025
- Exam period: NSC November Exam
- Curriculum: CAPS
- Pages: 28

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## About this document

Electrical Technology · Grade 12 · NSC November Exam · 2025. Question paper, 28 pages. Read online or download the PDF.

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### Page 1

Confidential

                                   GRAAD 12

                                NATIONAL
                           SENIOR CERTIFICATE

                                   GRADE 12

             ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY: DIGITAL ELECTRONICS

                                 NOVEMBER 2025

MARKS: 200

TIME: 3 hours

        This question paper consists of 20 pages, a 1-page formula sheet and
                              a 7-page answer sheet.

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Electrical Technology: Digital Electronics         2                         DBE/November 2025
                                             NSC Confidential

 INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION

 1.         This question paper consists of SIX questions.

 2.         Answer ALL the questions.

 3.         Answer the following questions on the attached ANSWER SHEETS:

            QUESTIONS 3.2.3, 3.3.2, 3.3.4 and 3.4.4
            QUESTION 4.4
            QUESTIONS 5.1.3, 5.3.1, 5.4.1, 5.4.2 and 5.8.3
            QUESTION 6.8

 4.         Write your centre number and examination number on every ANSWER SHEET
            and hand them in with your ANSWER BOOK, whether you have used them or
            not.

 5.         Sketches and diagrams must be large, neat and FULLY LABELLED.

 6.         Show ALL calculations and round off answers correctly to TWO decimal places.

 7.         Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this
            question paper.

 8.         You may use a non-programmable calculator.

 9.         Calculations must include the following:

            9.1       Formulae and manipulations where needed

            9.2       Correct replacement of values

            9.3       Correct answer and relevant units where applicable

 10.        A formula sheet is attached at the end of this question paper.

 11.        Write neatly and legibly.

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Electrical Technology: Digital Electronics         3                           DBE/November 2025
                                             NSC Confidential

 QUESTION 1: MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS                     2025

 Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. Choose
 the answer and write only the letter (A–D) next to the question numbers (1.1 to 1.15) in
 the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 1.16 D.

 1.1        A/An … provides work for another person and remunerates that person.

            A      employee
            B      employer
            C      supervisor
            D      health and safety representative                                                  (1)

 1.2        The … produces one pulse cycle of high and low when a trigger pulse is applied
            to its input.

            A      astable multivibrator
            B      monostable multivibrator
            C      bistable multivibrator
            D      comparator                                                                        (1)

 1.3        The following output signal produced by an op amp astable multivibrator has a
            duty cycle of … when t1 = t2.

            A      25%
            B      50%
            C      75%
            D      100%                                                                              (1)

 1.4        The … is used to recover a signal after it has suffered severe distortion.

            A      inverting comparator
            B      op amp differentiator
            C      Schmitt trigger
            D      summing amplifier                                                                 (1)

 1.5        The following is/are key in the operation of an op amp integrator circuit:

            A      The inputs of the op amp draw zero current.
            B      The two inputs of the op amp are viewed as both always possessing the
                   same voltage.
            C      When a constant current is fed to the capacitor, it will charge at a constant
                   fixed rate.
            D      All the above-mentioned                                                           (1)

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Electrical Technology: Digital Electronics         4                          DBE/November 2025
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 1.6        The … controls the closed-loop gain of an operational amplifier circuit.

            A      power supply voltage
            B      internal structure of the op amp
            C      components in the feedback network
            D      type of input signal applied                                                      (1)

 1.7        The voltage that must be applied on pin 2 to allow the output of 555 IC to go
            'low' is …

            A        1/3 of the supply voltage.
            B        2/3 of the supply voltage.
            C        less than 1/3 of the supply voltage.
            D        greater than 2/3 of the supply voltage.                                         (1)

 1.8        The operation of LCD displays relies on the …

            A        illumination of the light emitting diode.
            B        polarisation of light.
            C        passing of light through two polarising grids rotated 45⁰ to each other.
            D        passing of light in all planes                                                  (1)

 1.9        An active low RS latch is in the set state when …

            A        R=1 and S=0
            B        R=0 and S=1
            C        R=1 and S=1
            D        R=0 and S=0                                                                     (1)

 1.10       … is another method of clocking the JK flip-flop by feeding the clock pulse to
            each counter at the same time.

            A        Synchronous counting
            B        Asynchronous counting
            C        Decade counting
            D        None of the above-mentioned                                                     (1)

 1.11       The circuit where all four bits are introduced to the register at the same time,
            but once stored, they are shifted out one bit at a time controlled by the clock
            input cycle, is known as the … register.

            A        PIPO
            B        SISO
            C        SIPO
            D        PISO                                                                            (1)

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Electrical Technology: Digital Electronics         5                        DBE/November 2025
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 1.12       The CPU issues instructions to both memory and input/output ports along the
            … bus.

            A        data
            B        address
            C        system
            D        control                                                                      (1)

 1.13       The communication protocol that only requires two signal lines is called the ...

            A        serial dual interface.
            B        serial peripheral interface.
            C        serial communication interface.
            D        inter-integrated bus.                                                        (1)

 1.14       The RS-232 standard is used in ... applications.

            A        low-data-rate, long-range
            B        high-data-rate, short-range
            C        low-data-rate, short-range
            D        high-data-rate, long-range                                                   (1)

 1.15       A detailed step-by-step sequence of instructions that is followed to complete
            any task is known as a/an ...

            A        convention.
            B        flow chart.
            C        program.
            D        algorithm.                                                                   (1)
                                                                                                  [15]

 QUESTION 2: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY

 2.1        Explain machinery with reference to the Occupational Health and Safety Act,
            1993 (Act 85 of 1993).                                                                (2)

 2.2        State TWO precautionary measures to protect yourself when assisting
            someone that has been electrocuted.                                                   (2)

 2.3        Give TWO examples of dangerous practices in the electrical workshop.                  (2)

 2.4        Differentiate between a critical incident and an accident.                            (2)

 2.5        In the electrical workshop, you saw one of your classmates removing a safety
            guard on a machine. According to the Occupational Health and Safety Act,
            1993 (Act 85 of 1993), this is an unsafe act. Motivate why it is an unsafe act.       (2)
                                                                                                  [10]

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Electrical Technology: Digital Electronics         6                               DBE/November 2025
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 QUESTION 3: SWITCHING CIRCUITS

 3.1        Refer to op amps as switching circuits and answer the questions that follow.

            3.1.1        Name ONE op amp switching circuit that operates in open-loop
                         mode.                                                                           (1)

            3.1.2        With reference to the inputs of an op amp, explain the term reference
                         voltage.                                                                        (2)

3.2         FIGURE 3.2 below shows a bistable multivibrator circuit with a 555 IC. Answer
            the questions that follow.

                                             + VCC

                      R2             R1
                     10 kΩ          10 kΩ
                                                                            R3
                                                               8
                                                       4                   330 Ω
                                                       7   555         3
                                                       6
                                                       2
                                                           1       5
                                                                                    LED
                        Set         Reset
                                                                          C2
                                                                       0,01 µF

                                  FIGURE 3.2: BISTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR

            3.2.1        Explain the purpose of resistors R1 and R2 with reference to pins 2
                         and 4 when the set and reset switches are open.                                  (2)

            3.2.2        Explain what would happen if resistors R1 and R2 are bypassed with
                         pins 2 and 4 directly connected to the supply.                                   (2)

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            3.2.3        Refer to FIGURE 3.2.3 below and complete the output signal for the
                         circuit in FIGURE 3.2 on the previous page on the ANSWER SHEET
                         for QUESTION 3.2.3.

                           VCC                                                       Trigger input when
                                                                                     set is pressed
                           0V
                           VCC                                                       Trigger input when
                                                                                     reset is pressed
                           0V
                           VCC
                                                                                     Output
                           0V

                                             FIGURE 3.2.3: BISTABLE INPUT                                      (4)

3.3         Refer to FIGURE 3.3 below and answer the questions that follow.

                                                 + 9V

                            R2             R1
                           10 kΩ         58 kΩ

                                                                   8   4
                                                              7
                                                                               Output
                                                              6    555     3

                                                              2                           R3
                                                                   5   1
                                                                                        470 Ω
                       Trigger
                       input              C1                C2
                                         47 µF          0, 01 µF               LED

                             FIGURE 3.3: MONOSTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR

            3.3.1        Name TWO practical applications of a monostable multivibrator
                         circuit.                                                                             (2)

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            3.3.2        Refer to FIGURE 3.3.2 below and draw the waveforms for the
                         voltage across capacitor C1 (VC1) and the correlating output on the
                         ANSWER SHEET for QUESTION 3.3.2, when the circuit in
                         FIGURE 3.3 on the previous page is set to have a time delay of
                         3 seconds once the trigger input is activated.

                                                                             Trigger input
                                    ⅓ VCC
                                      0V        1     2       3   4   5      t (s)
                                     ⅔VCC

                                                                             VC1

                                                                             t
                                    High
                                                                             Output

                                     Low
                                                                             t

                                                       FIGURE 3.3.2                                      (5)

            3.3.3        Determine the threshold voltage value at which capacitor C1 will start
                         discharging.                                                                    (2)

            3.3.4        Refer to FIGURE 3.3.4 below and complete the equivalent
                         741 op amp monostable multivibrator circuit diagram on the
                         ANSWER SHEET for QUESTION 3.3.4.

                                                                      +VCC
                                   Input
                                                                                     Output

                                                                      -VCC

                                                          -VREF

                                   FIGURE 3.3.4: INCOMPLETE 741 MONOSTABLE
                                                  MULTIVIBRATOR                                          (5)

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3.4         Refer to FIGURE 3.4 below and answer the questions that follow.

                                                                      +15 V
                       VIN
                                                                                      VOUT
                                               t
                                                                       -15 V    R1
                                                                               9 kΩ

                                                                                R2
                                                                               1 kΩ

                                   FIGURE 3.4: INVERTING SCHMITT TRIGGER

            3.4.1        Name the type of feedback used in this circuit.                              (1)

            3.4.2        Explain the term trigger voltage with reference to the circuit.              (2)

            3.4.3        Determine the approximate values of the upper AND lower trigger
                         voltages.                                                                    (2)

            3.4.4        Draw the output signal for the circuit in FIGURE 3.4 above on the
                         ANSWER SHEET for QUESTION 3.4.4.                                             (4)

 3.5        FIGURE 3.5 below shows a summing operational amplifier with RF set to
            100 kΩ. ALL signals on the input are pure sine waves. Answer the questions
            that follow.

                                       C1   R1 10 kΩ              RF 100 kΩ

                          V1
                                       C2   R2 10 kΩ                  +12 V
                                                                  -
                             V2        C3   R3 10 kΩ
                                                                  +
                                                                                VOUT
                                                                      -12 V
                                  V3

                                        FIGURE 3.5: SUMMING AMPLIFIER

            Given:

            R1, R2, R3 = 10 kΩ
            RF         = 100 kΩ (variable)
            V1, V2, V3 = 0,4 V

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Electrical Technology: Digital Electronics           10                        DBE/November 2025
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            3.5.1        Explain ONE characteristic that makes this type of circuit suitable for
                         use in audio mixing applications.                                            (2)

            3.5.2        Calculate the output voltage of the circuit if RF is set to 100 kΩ.          (3)

            3.5.3        Calculate the voltage gain of the amplifier.                                 (3)

            3.5.4        When V2 is increased to 0,6 V, the calculated output changes to
                         -14 V. Answer the following questions:

                         (a)       Describe how the output signal shape will change when V2
                                   is increased to 0,6 V.                                             (2)

                         (b)       Explain why the output          signal    was   affected    in
                                   QUESTION 3.5.4(a).                                                 (1)

                         (c)       State how the change in signal shape can be fixed without
                                   decreasing the value of any of the inputs.                         (1)

3.6         Refer to FIGURE 3.6 below and answer the questions that follow.

                                                                        RF

                                                         CIN            +V
                                             VIN
                                                                    -
                +V                                                                         VOUT
              Input
                                                                    +
                                         t                              -V
                 -V

                                  FIGURE 3.6: OP-AMP DIFFERENTIATOR

            3.6.1        Determine the voltage at the inverting input terminal of the op amp
                         before the input signal is fed into the circuit. Motivate your answer.       (2)

            3.6.2        Explain the relationship between the input and output voltage of the
                         circuit in FIGURE 3.6 above.                                                 (2)
                                                                                                      [50]

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Electrical Technology: Digital Electronics           11                         DBE/November 2025
                                               NSC Confidential

 QUESTION 4: SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
 4.1        Refer to FIGURE 4.1 below and answer the questions that follow.

                                                     8-PIN DIL PACKAGE
                                index
                                 Indexdot
                                       dot

                                 offset null    1                        8    not connected

                           inverting input      2                        77   +V
                                                              741
                      non-inverting input 3                              6    output

                                         -V     4                        5    offset null

                                               FIGURE 4.1: 741 OP AMP
            4.1.1        State the purpose of the index dot on the 741 IC in FIGURE 4.1
                         above.                                                                        (1)
            4.1.2        Describe the effect the op amp will have on a sine wave applied to
                         pin 2 in FIGURE 4.1 above.                                                    (2)

            4.1.3        Explain why a 741 op amp requires a dual rail power supply.                   (2)

 4.2        Name the 741 op amp circuit that uses 100% feedback.                                       (1)

 4.3        The internal circuit of the 741 op amp consists of three stages, namely input
            stage, intermediate stage and output stage. Explain the function of the
            intermediate stage.                                                                        (2)

 4.4        Refer to FIGURE 4.4 below and complete the circuit diagram of a 741 op amp
            used as an inverting amplifier on the ANSWER SHEET for QUESTION 4.4.

                                                              +VCC
                                                          -

                          VIN                             +
                                                                                VOUT
                                                              -VCC

                                                    FIGURE 4.4                                         (3)
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Electrical Technology: Digital Electronics              12                        DBE/November 2025
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 4.5        FIGURE 4.5 below shows the internal layout of a 555 IC. Answer the questions
            that follow.

                      +VCC                         A                 B           Control voltage

                          8                         7                 6               5

                    5k
                                                          -
                                                            C1
                                                          +          R       Q              T2
                                                                     Flip-
                    5k                                               flop    Q
                                                                     S
                                                          -
                                                            C2
                                                          +
                    5k
                                             T1

                          1                         2                    3             4
                         Ground                   Trigger            Output           Reset

                               FIGURE 4.5: INTERNAL LAYOUT OF A 555 IC

            4.5.1        Label A and B.                                                                 (2)

            4.5.2        Explain why the RS flip-flop in FIGURE 4.5 above is also known as a
                         memory cell.                                                                   (2)

            4.5.3        Explain why pin 4 is normally connected to the positive supply voltage
                         during operation.                                                              (2)

            4.5.4        Explain how unwanted noise from the supply can be eliminated during
                         the operation of the 555 IC.                                                   (2)

            4.5.5        Name ONE operating mode of a 555 IC.                                           (1)
                                                                                                        [20]

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Electrical Technology: Digital Electronics         13                          DBE/November 2025
                                             NSC Confidential

 QUESTION 5: DIGITAL AND SEQUENTIAL DEVICES
 5.1        Refer to FIGURE 5.1 below and answer the questions that follow.

                                                V

                                  a              a                  a

                                  b              b
                                                                f         b
                                  c              c
                                                                    g
                                 d               d

                                 e               e                        c
                                                                e
                                  f              f
                                                                          DP
                                 g               g                  d

                                 FIGURE 5.1: SEVEN-SEGMENT DISPLAY

            5.1.1        Name TWO types of internal LED connections found in
                         seven-segment displays.                                                     (2)

            5.1.2        Indicate which LED segments in FIGURE 5.1 above must be forward
                         biased in order to display a number '5'.                                    (1)

            5.1.3        Refer to FIGURE 5.1.3 below and complete the drawing for a
                         sourcing digital output. Indicate the direction of current flow at the
                         output on the ANSWER SHEET for QUESTION 5.1.3.

                               FIGURE 5.1.3: INCOMPLETE CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF A
                                          SOURCING DIGITAL OUTPUT                                    (4)

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 5.2        Name the circuit that accepts input data in decimal form and converts this data
            to its binary form.                                                                      (1)

 5.3        Refer to FIGURE 5.3 below of a half-adder logic symbol and answer the
            questions that follow.

                                   A                                  SUM
                                                   HA
                                   B                                  CARRY

                                FIGURE 5.3: HALF-ADDER LOGIC SYMBOL

            5.3.1        Complete the logic circuit of the half-adder in FIGURE 5.3.1 below
                         using an AND gate and an exclusive OR gate on the ANSWER
                         SHEET for QUESTION 5.3.1.

                                             A
                                                                        Sum
                                             B

                                                                         Carry

                                                       FIGURE 5.3.1                                  (4)

            5.3.2        Determine the sum and the carry output when input A = 1 and
                         input B = 1.                                                                (2)

            5.3.3        Explain how a full adder logic circuit differs from a half-adder logic
                         circuit with reference to the following:

                         (a)      Inputs                                                             (1)

                         (b)      Logic gates                                                        (3)

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 5.4        Refer to FIGURE 5.4 below and answer the questions that follow.

                                                     J          Q

                                                     K          Q

                                                  FIGURE 5.4

            5.4.1        Complete the logic circuit of this flip-flop on the ANSWER SHEET for
                         QUESTION 5.4.1.

                              J
                                                                                           Q

                           CLK

                                                                                           Q
                             K

                                                         FIGURE 5.4.1                              (6)

            5.4.2        Determine the output at Q by completing the timing diagrams on the
                         ANSWER SHEET for QUESTION 5.4.2. Assume that Q starts LOW.

                                                    1               2   3       4
                                  Clock

                                        J

                                        K

                                         Q

                                                         FIGURE 5.4.2                              (4)

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 5.5        Describe a counter with reference to digital and sequential devices.                             (3)

 5.6        Explain what causes a propagation delay in asynchronous counters and how
            the propagation delay can be eliminated.                                                         (4)

 5.7        State TWO applications of the up/down counter.                                                   (2)

 5.8        Refer to FIGURE 5.8 below and answer the questions that follow.

                              1                      A                         B                         C

                                    J         Q               J            Q           J         Q
                                        FF0                          FF1                   FF2

                                    K         Q               K            Q           K         Q
              Input clock
                  pulses

                                  FIGURE 5.8: THREE-STAGE BINARY COUNTER

            5.8.1           State why the circuit in FIGURE 5.8 above is a synchronous binary
                            counter.                                                                         (1)

            5.8.2           Explain the function of the AND gate in FIGURE 5.8 above.                        (3)

            5.8.3           Complete the truth table of the counter in FIGURE 5.8 above
                            for the given input clock pulse on the ANSWER SHEET for
                            QUESTION 5.8.3.                                                                  (5)

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 5.9           Refer to FIGURE 5.9 below and answer the questions that follow.

                                                                 4-bit parallel data out

                                             QA                  QB                        QC                      QD

       Serial data in          D        Q           D       Q              D          Q             D        Q

                                        Q                   Q                         Q                      Q

               A
             Clock

                                             FIGURE 5.9: REGISTER

               5.9.1     Define a register.                                                                         (3)

               5.9.2     Identify the register in FIGURE 5.9 above.                                                 (1)

               5.9.3     Label A.                                                                                   (1)

               5.9.4     Describe how data flows through the register.                                              (4)
                                                                                                                    [55]

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 QUESTION 6: MICROCONTROLLERS
 6.1        Define a microcontroller.                                                                                                                                 (3)
 6.2        Refer to the block diagram of the input/output pins of a microcontroller in
            FIGURE 6.2 below and answer the questions that follow.

                                                            0            0           1           1             0           1            0           1   TRIS

                                                   Output                                             Output                   Output
                     CPU                                        Output       Input       Input                     Input                    Input

                                                                                                                                                         A

                                     FIGURE 6.2: INPUT/OUTPUT PINS

            6.2.1        Label A.                                                                                                                                     (1)

            6.2.2        Explain the function of the TRIS (tristate) register.                                                                                        (4)

 6.3        Refer to FIGURE 6.3 below and answer the questions that follow.

       Clock

                                                10011100        11001100         10000110            00011001

               Data
                                   A            byte            byte                 byte            byte
                                                                                                                                               B               Data

                                                 Direction of data flow

                           FIGURE 6.3: SYNCHRONOUS COMMUNICATION

            6.3.1        Label A and B.                                                                                                                               (2)

            6.3.2        Describe how data is transferred from A to B.                                                                                                (3)

            6.3.3        Explain how this type of communication ensures accuracy of data
                         transfer.                                                                                                                                    (4)

            6.3.4        State TWO advantages of this method of communication.                                                                                        (2)

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 6.4        Refer to communication peripherals and answer the questions that follow.

            6.4.1        Explain the function of the universal asynchronous receiver
                         transmitter (UART).                                                     (3)

            6.4.2        Name ONE communication peripheral other than the serial
                         peripheral interface (SPI) and the universal asynchronous receiver
                         transmitter (UART).                                                     (1)

 6.5        Explain the difference between half duplex communication and full duplex
            communication.                                                                       (2)

 6.6        FIGURE 6.6 below shows the block diagram of the SPI bus system. Answer
            the questions that follow.

                               SCLK                                 SCLK

                               MOSI                                 MOSI
                      A MISO                                        MISO
                                                                             B
                                  SS                                SS

                                                  FIGURE 6.6
            6.6.1        Label A and B.                                                          (2)

            6.6.2        Write out the abbreviation MOSI in full.                                (1)

            6.6.3        State THREE advantages of the SPI bus.                                  (3)

            6.6.4        Explain the function of the SPI bus.                                    (2)

 6.7        Define the following terms:

            6.7.1        Looping                                                                 (2)

            6.7.2        Condition (IF statement)                                                (2)

            6.7.3        Instruction cycle                                                       (3)

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 6.8        FIGURE 6.8 on the ANSWER SHEET shows an incomplete flow chart of a
            PICAXE access control system that must be installed at all international airports
            in SA. The system will reduce overcrowding at the airports in preparation for a
            pandemic that might be resurfacing. The system must allow only 500 travellers
            at a time into the terminal hall of the airport.

            •     This system will be set up at the entrance and exit of the terminal hall of
                  the airport.
            •     The entrance has a red light and a green light.
            •     The green light informs the traveller that entering is possible.
            •     The system will use two digital sensors.
            •     Sensor 1 will increase the count when travellers enter the terminal hall of
                  the airport.
            •     Sensor 2 will decrease the count when travellers exit the terminal hall of
                  the airport.
            •     Sensor 1 will increase the count to 500 travellers and will then toggle to
                  the red light.
            •     Sensor 2 will reduce the count activating the green light.

            Complete and label the flow chart of this system on the ANSWER SHEET for
            QUESTION 6.8.                                                                       (10)
                                                                                                [50]
                                                                                    TOTAL:      200

Copyright reserved

### Page 21

Electrical Technology: Digital Electronics                         DBE/November 2025
                                                NSC Confidential

                                               FORMULA SHEET
 SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES

                  VOUT       RF                        RF
 Gain A V =            = −            OR   AV = 1+
                   VIN       R IN                      R IN
                R 
 VOUT = VIN ×  − F 
                R IN 
                  R 
 VOUT = VIN × 1 + F 
                  R IN 
 SWITCHING CIRCUITS

            R        R         R 
 VOUT = −  V1 F + V2 F + ...VN F 
            R1       R2        RN 
                  VOUT         VOUT
 Gain A V =            =
                   VIN   (V1 + V2 + ...VN )
 VOUT = − ( V + V
 V
   UIT        1        2   + ...VN )

                     R2
 VFB = VSAT ×
                    R1 +R2

                        R2
 VTRIG = VOUT ×
                       R1 +R2

 FLOW CHART SYMBOLS

                                  Process

                                   Decision

                                 Terminator

                                       Data

Copyright reserved

### Page 22

Electrical Technology: Digital Electronics                                               DBE/November 2025
                                                 NSC Confidential

  CENTRE NUMBER:

  EXAMINATION NUMBER:

 ANSWER SHEET

 QUESTION 3: SWITCHING CIRCUITS

 3.2.3
              VCC                                                            Trigger input when
                                                                             set is pressed
              0V
              VCC                                                            Trigger input when
                                                                             reset is pressed
              0V
              VCC
                                                                            Output
               0V

                                                                                           Transfer mark to
                                                                                           answer book

                                                                                                       MOD

                                                        FIGURE 3.2.3                                            (4)

 3.3.2
                                                                    Trigger input
               ⅓ VCC
                 0V           1      2       3      4      5        t (s)
                ⅔VCC

                                                                    VC1

                                                                    t
               High
                                                                    Output                Transfer mark to
                                                                                          answer book
                Low
                                                                    t

                                                                                                      MOD

                                                        FIGURE 3.3.2                                            (5)

Copyright reserved                                                                           Please turn over

### Page 23

Electrical Technology: Digital Electronics                                               DBE/November 2025
                                             NSC Confidential

  CENTRE NUMBER:

  EXAMINATION NUMBER:

 ANSWER SHEET

 3.3.4
                                                    +VCC
              Input                          2          7
                                                               6
                                                                    Output

                                             3
                                                     4

                                                        -VCC
                                                                                         Transfer mark to
                                                                                         answer book

                                     -VREF                                                            MOD

                                                 FIGURE 3.3.4                                                (5)

 3.4.4
              VIN
                                                     Boonste
                                                     Upper
                                                    snellervlak
                                                     trigger level

               0
                                                    t

                                                     Onderste
                                                     Lower
                                                    snellervlak
                                                     trigger level

              +V

                                                            VOUT
                                                            V UIT
               0
                                                    t

                                                                             Transfer mark to
                                                                             answer book

              -V
                                                                                                MOD

                                                 FIGURE 3.4.4                                                (4)

Copyright reserved

### Page 24

Electrical Technology: Digital Electronics                         DBE/November 2025
                                             NSC Confidential

  CENTRE NUMBER:

  EXAMINATION NUMBER:

 ANSWER SHEET

 QUESTION 4: SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES

 4.4

                                                            +VCC
                                                        -

                          VIN                           +
                                                                   VOUT
                                                            -VCC

                                                                    Transfer mark to
                                                                    answer book

                                                                                MOD

                                                  FIGURE 4.4                           (3)

Copyright reserved

### Page 25

Electrical Technology: Digital Electronics                              DBE/November 2025
                                             NSC Confidential

  CENTRE NUMBER:

  EXAMINATION NUMBER:

 ANSWER SHEET

 QUESTION 5: DIGITAL AND SEQUENTIAL DEVICES

 5.1.3

                                                                         Transfer mark to
                                                                         answer book

                                                                                     MOD

                                                 FIGURE 5.1.3                               (4)

 5.3.1
                                     A
                                                                Sum
                                     B

                                                                Carry
                                                                         Transfer mark to
                                                                         answer book

                                                                                     MOD

                                                 FIGURE 5.3.1                               (4)

Copyright reserved

### Page 26

Electrical Technology: Digital Electronics                               DBE/November 2025
                                             NSC Confidential

  CENTRE NUMBER:

  EXAMINATION NUMBER:

 ANSWER SHEET

 5.4.1

                  J
                                                                                            Q

               CLK

                                                                                        Q
                  K

                                                                         Transfer mark to
                                                                         answer book

                                                                                     MOD

                                                  FIGURE 5.4.1                                  (6)

 5.4.2

                                              1           2      3   4
                            Clock

                                  J

                                  K

                                   Q

                                                                         Transfer mark to
                                                                         answer book

                                                                                     MOD

                                                  FIGURE 5.4.2                                  (4)

Copyright reserved

### Page 27

Electrical Technology: Digital Electronics                             DBE/November 2025
                                              NSC Confidential

  CENTRE NUMBER:

  EXAMINATION NUMBER:

 ANSWER SHEET

 5.8.3      CLOCK                            BINARY COUNT SEQUENCE
            PULSES                       C             B           A
            2
            3
            5
            6
            7

                                                                        Transfer mark to
                                                                        answer book

                                                                                    MOD

                                                 FIGURE 5.8.3                              (5)

Copyright reserved

### Page 28

Electrical Technology: Digital Electronics                              DBE/November 2025
                                                NSC Confidential

  CENTRE NUMBER:

  EXAMINATION NUMBER:

 ANSWER SHEET

 QUESTION 6: MICROCONTROLLERS

 6.8
                                        Start

                                                                          Transfer mark to
                                                                          answer book

                                                                                       MOD

                                                                    Leave         No
                                                                   Term inal
                                                                    Hall ?

                                                                          Yes

                                                  FIGURE 6.8                                 (10)

Copyright reserved

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