# Geography Grade 12 P2 NSC June 2024 Question Paper (English)

> Grade 12 Geography Paper 2 question paper from the NSC June Exam 2024 (English), 19 pages. Read online or get the free PDF download, memo linked when available.

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- Updated: 2026-09-28
- Subject: Geography
- Grade: Grade 12
- Language: English
- Document type: Question paper
- Year: 2024
- Exam period: NSC June Exam
- Paper: 2
- Curriculum: CAPS
- Pages: 19

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## About this document

Geography · Grade 12 · NSC June Exam · 2024 · English. Question paper, 19 pages. Read online or download the PDF.

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Confidential

             SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATIONS/
         NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATIONS

                              GEOGRAPHY P2

                               MAY/JUNE 2024

                                                                  MARKS: 150

                                                                 TIME: 3 hours

                     This question paper consists of 19 pages.

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INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION

1.        This question paper consists of TWO sections:

          SECTION A
          QUESTION 1: RURAL AND URBAN SETTLEMENTS (60)
          QUESTION 2: ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY OF SOUTH AFRICA (60)

          SECTION B
          QUESTION 3: GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES (30)

2.        Answer ALL THREE questions.

3.        ALL diagrams are included in the QUESTION PAPER.

4.        Leave a line between the subsections of questions answered.

5.        Start EACH question at the top of a NEW page.

6.        Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this
          question paper.

7.        Do NOT write in the margins of the ANSWER BOOK.

8.        Draw fully labelled diagrams when instructed to do so.

9.        Answer in FULL SENTENCES, except when you have to state, name, identify
          or list.

10.       Units of measurement MUST be indicated in your final answer, e.g.1020 hPa,
          14 °C and 45 m.

11.       You may use a non-programmable calculator.

12.       You may use a magnifying glass.

13.       Write neatly and legibly.

SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION FOR SECTION B

14.       A 1 : 50 000 topographical map 2529CD MIDDELBURG and a 1 : 10 000
          orthophoto map 2529 CD 5 MIDDELBURG are provided.

15.       The area demarcated in RED/BLACK on the topographical map represents
          the area covered by the orthophoto map.

16.       Show ALL calculations. Marks will be allocated for steps in calculations.

17.       You must hand in the topographical and orthophoto map to the invigilator at
          the end of the examination.

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SECTION A:           RURAL AND URBAN SETTLEMENTS AND THE ECONOMIC
                     GEOGRAPHY OF SOUTH AFRICA

QUESTION 1:          RURAL AND URBAN SETTLEMENTS

1.1       Refer to the sketch below on the pattern and shape of rural settlements. Write
          only the answer next to the question numbers (1.1.1 to 1.1.7) in the ANSWER
          BOOK, e.g. 1.1.8 circular.

          1 : 15 000

                                  [Adapted from https://www.google.com/search?q=types of rural settlements]

          1.1.1        The settlement pattern at A is …

          1.1.2        The settlement pattern at B is …

          1.1.3        Settlement (A/B) is likely to generate more profit.

          1.1.4        The river caused the settlement at C to have a … shape.

          1.1.5        The shape of the settlement at F is …

          1.1.6        D is located on high ground due to the threat of flooding and is
                       called a ... settlement.

          1.1.7        E is close to a supply of water and is referred to as a … settlement.
                                                                                      (7 x 1)            (7)

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1.2       Various terms/concepts are provided as possible answers to the following
          statements. Choose the answer and write only the letter (A–D) next to the
          question numbers (1.2.1 to 1.2.8) in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 1.2.9 D.

          1.2.1      A … is an area, where a group of people live, that has buildings,
                     communication networks and functions.

                     A   site
                     B   property
                     C   settlement
                     D   situation

          1.2.2      … is the process whereby an increasing percentage of people live
                     in urban areas as compared to rural areas.

                     A   Urban sprawl
                     B   Urban growth
                     C   Urban renewal
                     D   Urbanisation

          1.2.3      … is the formless growth of urban areas.

                     A   Urban growth
                     B   Urban expansion
                     C   Urban sprawl
                     D   Urban blight

          1.2.4      The physical growth of an urban settlement is referred to as
                     urban …

                     A   expansion.
                     B   profile.
                     C   growth.
                     D   decay.

          1.2.5      The increase in the number of people living in urban areas is
                     known as ...

                     A   urbanisation.
                     B   urban growth.
                     C   urban expansion.
                     D   urban migration. 2024

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          1.2.6      The largest increase in the level of urbanisation in South Africa is
                     from …

                             YEAR                    2018      2019    2020    2021    2022
                       Percentage of                66,4%     66,9%   67,2%   67,9%   68,3%
                       people living in
                       urban areas

                     A       2018 to 2019.
                     B       2019 to 2020.
                     C       2020 to 2021.
                     D       2021 to 2022.

          1.2.7      The … of urbanisation refers to the pace at which urbanisation
                     takes place.

                     A       rate
                     B       speed
                     C       growth
                     D       level

          1.2.8      The advantages of counterurbanisation for urban areas are
                     decreased …

                     (i)      pollution.
                     (ii)     land value.
                     (iii)    aesthetic appeal.
                     (iv)     traffic congestion.

                     A       (i) and (ii)
                     B       (ii) and (iii)
                     C       (i) and (iv)
                     D       (ii) and (iv)                                             (8 x 1)       (8)

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1.3       Refer to the graph and cartoon below showing rural-urban migration.

       PREDICTED (EXPECTED) DIFFERENCE IN THE PERCENTAGE INCREASE OF PEOPLE
           THAT MOVED FROM RURAL TO URBAN AREAS BETWEEN 2000 AND 2030

                                                      [Adapted from www.coolgeography]

                                        Better jobs
                                        in the city

                     [Adapted from www.google.com/search?q=rural+urban+migration+&tbm]

          1.3.1       Which continent is predicted (expected) to have the highest
                      percentage of people that would move to urban areas between
                      2000 and 2030?                                        (1 x 1)                  (1)

          1.3.2       Determine the predicted (expected) difference in the percentage of
                      people (answer to QUESTION 1.3.1) that would have moved
                      between 2000 and 2030.                                     (1 x 2)             (2)

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          1.3.3      Why will the rate of urbanisation of the continent (answer to
                     QUESTION 1.3.1) be so high?                            (1 x 2)                    (2)

          1.3.4      Why does the pull factor, indicated in the cartoon, often lead to
                     disappointment?                                            (2 x 2)                (4)

          1.3.5      Suggest strategies that could be implemented in rural areas to
                     reduce the rate of urbanisation.                        (3 x 2)                   (6)

1.4       Refer to the sketch below on the multiple-nuclei model.

        MULTIPLE-NUCLEI MODEL                                                          KEY
                                                                              1.   Central business
                                                                                   district
                                                                              2.   Light industries
                                                                              3.   Low-income
                                                                                   residential
                                                                              4.   Middle-income
                                                                                   residential
                                                                              5.   High-income
                                                                                   residential
                                                                              6.   Heavy industries
                                                                              7.   Outlying business
                                                                                   district
                                                                              8.   Residential estate
                                                                              9.   Industrial estate

                                      [Adapted from www.researchgate.co.za]

          1.4.1      State TWO characteristics of the multiple-nuclei model evident in
                     the sketch.                                                (2 x 1)                (2)

          1.4.2      Identify land-use zone 1.                                           (1 x 1)       (1)

          1.4.3      Account for the location of land-use zone 1.                        (1 x 2)       (2)

          1.4.4      Explain how the development of the outlying business district
                     (OBD), labelled 7, was influenced by:

                     (a) Crime rate                                                      (1 x 2)       (2)

                     (b) Traffic congestion                                               (1 x 2)      (2)

          1.4.5      Why will the multiple-nuclei model depicted in the sketch not apply
                     to all urban areas?                                          (3 x 2)              (6)

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1.5         Refer to the photograph and extract below on urban blight (urban decay).

                                                              RECLAIMING THE
                                                            RECLAIMING       TRANSITION
                                                                        TRANSITION ZONE
                                                                ZONE
                                                            (ZONE OF (ZONE
                                                                     DECAY)OF DECAY)
                                                     City neighbourhoods, such as the
                                                     Maboneng Precinct and Fordsburg,
                                                     have a fast-developing modern feel
                                                     about them. Rental prices within them
                                                     have increased accordingly. This is
                                                     due to improvements to attract more
                                                     middle-income residents: the process
                                                     of gentrification resulted in the
                                                     renovation of old buildings. The social
                                                     cost of redevelopment has been
 illustrated by a wave of evictions of the original residents who have lived in unsafe and
 abandoned buildings, often for decades, because they could not afford better
 accommodation.

      [Adapted from https://www.news24.com/citypress/voices/-reclaiming-inner-cities-to-solve-our-housing-
                                                                                                    crisis]

            1.5.1        Define the concept urban blight.                                        (1 x 2)      (2)

            1.5.2        Give evidence from the photograph that urban blight has taken
                         place.                                                 (1 x 1)                       (1)

            1.5.3        Why is urban blight more dominant in the transition zone (zone of
                         decay) than in other land-use zones?                       (2 x 2)                   (4)

            1.5.4        In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, explain the positive
                         impact of gentrification on the transition zone (zone of decay).
                                                                                        (4 x 2)               (8)
                                                                                                              [60]

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QUESTION 2: ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY OF SOUTH AFRICA

2.1       Various terms/concepts are provided as possible answers to complete the
          following statements. Choose the answer and write only the letter (A–D) next
          to the question numbers (2.1.1 to 2.1.8) in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 2.1.9 D.

          2.1.1      … core industrial region contributes the lowest percentage to the
                     GDP in South Africa.

                      CORE INDUSTRIAL REGION           CONTRIBUTION TO GDP
                      Durban-Pinetown                         16,3%
                      South-western Cape                      14,2%
                      Gauteng (PWV)                           35,2%
                      Port Elizabeth-Uitenhage                7,9%

                     A   Durban-Pinetown
                     B   Port Elizabeth-Uitenhage
                     C   Gauteng (PWV)
                     D   South-western Cape

          2.1.2      The … is the main source of water for the Gauteng (PWV) core
                     industrial region.

                     A   Sterkfontein Dam
                     B   Orange River
                     C   Vaal Dam
                     D   Sundays River

          2.1.3      Access to … is an advantage of the Port Elizabeth-Uitenhage core
                     industrial region compared to the Gauteng (PWV) core industrial
                     region.

                     A   coal
                     B   airports
                     C   diamonds
                     D   harbours

          2.1.4      … is the main industry located in the Gauteng (PWV) core
                     industrial region.

                     A   Iron and steel
                     B   Car assembly
                     C   Sugar refining
                     D   Fish canning

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          2.1.5      The Coega Industrial Development Zone is found in the … core
                     industrial region.

                     A       Gauteng (PWV)
                     B       Port Elizabeth-Uitenhage
                     C       Durban-Pinetown
                     D       South-western Cape

          2.1.6      The main raw materials found in the Gauteng (PWV) core industrial
                     region include … and …

                     (i)      gold
                     (ii)     fruit
                     (iii)    iron ore
                     (iv)     fish

                     A       (i) and (ii)
                     B       (i) and (iii)
                     C       (i) and (iv)
                     D       (ii) and (iv)

          2.1.7      The dominant industrial activities in the Port Elizabeth-Uitenhage
                     core industrial region are …

                     A       car assembly and textiles.
                     B       chemicals and metal processing.
                     C       oil and sugar refining.
                     D       food processing and ship building.

          2.1.8      The disadvantages of industrial centralisation to the Gauteng
                     (PWV) core industrial region are …

                     (i)      water shortages.
                     (ii)     a small labour force.
                     (iii)    small markets.
                     (iv)     air pollution.

                     A       (i) and (ii)
                     B       (ii) and (iii)
                     C       (i) and (iv)
                     D       (ii) and (iv)                                      (8 x 1)     (8)

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2.2       Choose an answer from COLUMN B that matches the statement in
          COLUMN A. Write only the letter Y or Z next to the question numbers
          (2.2.1 to 2.2.7) in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 2.2.8 Z.

                       COLUMN A                                     COLUMN B
          2.2.1      Term used for unregistered     Y       formal sector
                     businesses                     Z       informal sector

          2.2.2      Characteristic of the          Y       workers are self-employed
                     informal sector                Z       workers are employed by a
                                                            national enterprise (business)

          2.2.3      Reason for a high number of Y          lack of documentation
                     immigrants entering the     Z          availability of jobs
                     informal sector

          2.2.4      Example of an informal         Y       PEP stores
                     sector                         Z       car guard

          2.2.5      Benefit for consumers          Y       quality products at a higher price
                     buying goods from an           Z       goods can be purchased at
                     informal trader                        a lower price

          2.2.6      Reason for the growth of the Y         limited jobs available in the
                     informal sector in South               formal sector
                     Africa                       Z         jobs available in the formal
                                                            sector

          2.2.7      Challenge facing the           Y       provision of low interest loans
                     informal sector                Z       exposed to harsh weather
                                                            conditions
                                                                                         (7 x 1)    (7)

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2.3       Refer to the graph and extract below on food insecurity.

       [Adapted from https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%-infographics%2Fhunger]

 Until recently, food insecurity has been largely linked to climate change, the Covid
 pandemic and poverty. Availability of food has now become an important issue.

 Today conflict between countries have resulted in wars (like the conflict between Russia
 and Ukraine), which has increased trade-related policies* imposed by countries. This
 has resulted in a number of global food trade restrictions being put in place by countries
 in order to increase domestic (local) supply. More recently, 20 countries have
 implemented 27 food export bans, and ten have implemented 14 export-limiting
 measures.

 The main products imported by South Africa are wheat, maize, soya beans and
 sunflower seeds. The impact of reducing South Africa's imports has resulted in
 increasing food prices and higher inflation rates in South Africa.
 Glossary:

 * Trade-related policies are policies related to the importation and exportation of goods between countries.

                  [Adapted from https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/agriculture/brief/food-security-update#]

          2.3.1        State the trend evident on the graph with regard to global food
                       insecurity from 2019 to 2023.                           (1 x 1)                          (1)

          2.3.2        According to the extract, what are the reasons for the trend shown
                       on the graph?                                                (2 x 1)                     (2)

          2.3.3        What positive impact could the global food trade restriction
                       measures have on South Africa?                       (1 x 2)                             (2)

          2.3.4        Explain how TWO physical factors negatively impact South Africa's
                       food production.                                          (2 x 2)                        (4)

          2.3.5        Suggest measures that government can implement (put in place) to
                       support farmers in achieving food security in South Africa. (3 x 2)                      (6)

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2.4       Refer to the infographic below on platinum mining.

            PLATINUM MINING
                                                    LOCATION OF PLATINUM MINES IN SOUTH AFRICA
  Mining for Platinum Group Metals
  (PGM) is widespread over South Africa
  and holds over 80% of the world's
  reserves.

  The decline in the South African
  platinum supply has not been given the
  attention it deserves by industry
  research organisations.

  Apart from the labour strikes that
  challenge the platinum mining industry,
  access to affordable and reliable
  electricity is critical. Eskom and
  government encourage independent
  power production and supplementary                                       [Source: Examiner's own sketch]
  power production.
                                                    SOUTH AFRICAʹS PLATINUM SUPPLY 2016–2023
  Another challenge is water security. A
  growing concern is the deterioration of
  water distribution infrastructure on the
                                                      TONS
  one hand and climate change on the
  other.

  [Adapted from https://www.miningreview.com
  /platinum-group-metals/]

                                                                  2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023

                                                                                 YEARS

                                                                             [Source: Examiner's own sketch]

          2.4.1      What percentage           of   the      world's   platinum       reserves       does
                     South Africa have?                                                            (1 x 1)     (1)

          2.4.2      Give evidence from the extract that platinum production in South
                     Africa is influenced (affected) by a:

                     (a) Social factor

                     (b) Service delivery factor                                                   (2 x 1)     (2)

          2.4.3      Refer to the map and name TWO provinces where platinum is
                     mined.                                              (2 x 1)                               (2)

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          2.4.4      Describe the general trend of the platinum supply between 2016
                     and 2018 and between 2020 to 2023, by referring to the graph.
                                                                                (2 x 1)          (2)

          2.4.5      In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, suggest strategies
                     that government can implement (put in place) to address
                     challenges of platinum production.                       (4 x 2)            (8)

2.5       Refer to the extract below on the Wild Coast Spatial Development Initiative
          (SDI).

                  N2 WILD COAST TOLL ROAD PROJECT – AN INCENTIVE FOR
                                SUSTAINED DEVELOPMENT

          The Wild Coast would be well served by the development of a road system to
          encourage tourism and open up the region to economic opportunities.

          The N2 Wild Coast toll road project will benefit the local community during the
          construction process, as a number of direct jobs will be created. The new
          route will also provide a safer road network which will allow those living along
          the new road to benefit from road interchanges, pedestrian walkways, bridges
          and agricultural underpasses for livestock.

          The social and economic impacts of the project will offer a significant injection
          for the local communities. It is estimated that income for the local industry will
          increase by R360,4 million and construction work will create 6 800 direct jobs,
          and between 21 300 and 28 100 indirect jobs.

          The project to upgrade the N2 Wild Coast road from East London to Port
          Edward is an important initiative to unlock economic opportunities in some of
          the most impoverished (poorest) parts of the country.

          However, cultural beliefs and traditional values are in conflict with economic
          development of the Wild Coast Spatial Development Initiative.

                                                                        [Adapted from Sanral]

          2.5.1      State ONE key objective of Spatial Development Initiatives (SDI) in
                     South Africa.                                               (1 x 1)         (1)

          2.5.2      In which province is the Wild Coast Spatial Development Initiative
                     (SDI) located?                                            (1 x 1)           (1)

          2.5.3      According to the extract, by how much will the income of the local
                     industries increase?                                       (1 x 1)          (1)

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          2.5.4      State TWO physical factors that would encourage tourism in the
                     Wild Coast Spatial Development Initiative (SDI).        (2 x 1)       (2)

          2.5.5      How would the N2 Wild Coast toll road project encourage
                     economic development of the Wild Coast Spatial Development
                     Initiative (SDI)?                                    (2 x 2)          (4)

          2.5.6      Explain why the Wild Coast Spatial Development Initiative (SDI)
                     has experienced challenges with regard to achieving its key
                     objectives (goals).                                      (3 x 2)      (6)
                                                                                           [60]

                                                                TOTAL SECTION A:           120

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SECTION B

QUESTION 3: GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES

                     GENERAL INFORMATION ON MIDDELBURG

Coordinates: 25º45'S; 29°25'E

Middelburg is a town situated in Mpumalanga in South Africa. It lies midway between
Pretoria and Lydenburg.

Mpumalanga accounts for approximately 83 per cent of South Africa's coal production
and Eskom owns 12 (of its 15) coal-fired power plants located in and around this area.
Middelburg is well known as the stainless-steel capital of Africa. It is home to a large
stainless-steel plant named Columbus Stainless.

Middelburg has plenty to offer all travelers, from fascinating cultural tours to adrenaline
pumping watersports in pristine dam areas. Middelburg is the ideal holiday destination.

                                          [Adapted from https://enwikipedia.org/wiki/Mpumalanga]

The following English terms and their Afrikaans translations are shown on the
topographical map:

ENGLISH                                    AFRIKAANS
Golf course                                Gholfbaan
Landing strip                              Landingstrook
Furrow                                     Voor
Sewage disposal works                      Rioolsuiweringswerke

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3.1       MAP SKILLS AND CALCULATIONS

          3.1.1      In which province is Middelburg located?

                     A   Gauteng
                     B   Mpumalanga
                     C   KwaZulu-Natal
                     D   Eastern Cape                                             (1 x 1)     (1)

          Refer to block A5 on the topographical map and the building labelled 6 on the
          orthophoto map.

          3.1.2      (a) The scale of the topographical map is (smaller/larger) than the
                         scale of the orthophoto map.                              (1 x 1)    (1)

                     (b) Refer to the building labelled 6 on the orthophoto map to give
                         a reason for your answer to QUESTION 3.1.2(a).          (1 x 1)      (1)

          3.1.3      Calculate the vertical exaggeration of a cross-section on a
                     topographical map.

                     Use the following information:
                     Vertical scale: 1 : 2 000                                    (3 x 1)     (3)

                     Formula:

          3.1.4      Give ONE reason for exaggerating the vertical scale when drawing
                     a cross-section.                                          (1 x 1)        (1)

          Refer to block D2 on the orthophoto map.

          3.1.5      Calculate the area of the block in square metres (m²).

                     Use the following information:
                     Length: 4,2 cm
                     Breadth: 3,8 cm

                     Formula: Area = Length (L) x Breadth (B)                     (3 x 1)     (3)

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3.2       MAP INTERPRETATION

          3.2.1      The residential area F in block B2 on the topographical map is a
                     (high/low)-income residential area.                       (1 x 1)         (1)

          3.2.2      Give evidence from the topographical map to support your answer
                     to QUESTION 3.2.1.                                        (1 x 2)         (2)

          Refer to the landing strip G in block C4 and D4 on the topographical map.

          3.2.3      (a) Name the land-use zone in which the landing strip is located.
                                                                                (1 x 1)        (1)

                     (b) Give evidence from the topographical map to show that the
                         landing strip is ideally located.                  (1 x 2)            (2)

          Refer to blocks C5 and D5 on the orthophoto map.

          3.2.4      The type of farming evident is (small-scale/large-scale) farming.
                                                                                   (1 x 1)     (1)

          3.2.5      Give evidence to support your answer to QUESTION 3.2.4.
                                                                                   (1 x 2)     (2)

          Refer to block B5 on the topographical map.

          3.2.6      Name the secondary activity evident in this area.             (1 x 1)     (1)

          3.2.7      Why is this activity (answer to QUESTION 3.2.6) necessary for
                     economic development to take place in this area?      (1 x 2)             (2)

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3.3       GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS)

          3.3.1      Data integration is an analysis of (single/multiple) data sources.
                                                                                     (1 x 1)    (1)

          Refer to block E2 on the topographical map and the sketch below that
          represents block E2.

                                             ·1587

          3.3.2      (a) H in block E2 on the topographical map represents
                         a (point/polygon) symbol.                   (1 x 1)                    (1)

          Redraw the block above in the ANSWER BOOK.

                     (b) In the redrawn block, draw a line symbol that represents a
                         natural feature found east of spot height 1587 in block E2 on
                         the topographical map.                                  (1 x 1)        (1)

                     (c) How did the integration of the spot height in the sketch and the
                         symbol you have drawn assist in determining the location of
                         the dam wall at J?                                        (1 x 2)      (2)

          Refer to the vacant land found in area 7 on the orthophoto map.

          3.3.3      What term does a GIS specialist use to refer to the vacant land that
                     separates the river from the built-up area?                  (1 x 1)       (1)

          3.3.4      Give ONE reason why there is a need for this vacant land.
                                                                                     (1 x 2)    (2)

                                                                     TOTAL SECTION B:           30
                                                                        GRAND TOTAL:            150

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