# Geography Grade 12 P1 NSC November Prediction 2026 Memo > Grade 12 Geography Paper 1 memorandum from the NSC November Prediction Exam 2026 (English), 10 pages. Read online or download the free PDF. - Page: https://www.hlayiso.com/library/grade-12-geography-2026-nsc-november-prediction-exam-memorandum-paper-1/ab3652ae-7d4c-42f2-93aa-b1e5d68e86b6 - Updated: 2026-10-29 - Subject: Geography - Grade: Grade 12 - Language: English - Document type: Memorandum - Year: 2026 - Exam period: NSC November Prediction Exam - Paper: 1 - Publisher: Hlayiso - Curriculum: CAPS - Pages: 10 Breadcrumbs: [Home](https://www.hlayiso.com/) › [Library](https://www.hlayiso.com/library) › [Grade 12](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/grade-12) › [Geography](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/grade-12/geography) › [Geography Grade 12 P1 NSC November Prediction 2026 Memo](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/grade-12-geography-2026-nsc-november-prediction-exam-memorandum-paper-1/ab3652ae-7d4c-42f2-93aa-b1e5d68e86b6) ## About this document Geography · Grade 12 · NSC November Prediction Exam · 2026 · English. Memorandum, 10 pages. Read online or download the PDF. Read it free online on the page above; download the PDF from there. ## Document text Text extracted from the PDF. Layout, diagrams and tables may not survive extraction. ### Page 1 hlayiso mock exams Practice Series: Grade 12 NSC Preparation WWW.HLAYISO.COM NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 12 GEOGRAPHY P1 PREDICTION EXAMINATION 2026 MARKING GUIDELINES MARKS: 150 These marking guidelines consist of 10 pages. Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 2 Geography/P1 2 Hlayiso/Prediction 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines NOTE TO MARKERS: • Accept alternative answers that are correct and relevant to the question, even if they are not listed. • A mark is allocated for each correct fact. For (n x 2) questions, award 2 marks for each complete, well-explained point. • For paragraph questions, assess the quality and relevance of the response (approximately EIGHT lines). • Answers to questions that require a choice (e.g. A or B, bracketed options) must be the correct option; do not award marks for listing both options. • For calculations, follow the steps indicated. Apply consistent accuracy (CA) where a candidate uses an incorrect earlier value correctly. SECTION A QUESTION 1: CLIMATE AND WEATHER 1.1 1.1.1 B (1) (8 x 1) (8) 1.1.2 C (1) 1.1.3 B (1) 1.1.4 C (1) 1.1.5 A (1) 1.1.6 B (1) 1.1.7 C (1) 1.1.8 D (1) 1.2 1.2.1 Z (katabatic) (1) (7 x 1) (7) 1.2.2 Y (terrestrial radiation) (1) 1.2.3 Z (frost pocket) (1) 1.2.4 Z (increases) (1) 1.2.5 Y (fruit orchards) (1) 1.2.6 Y (more) (1) 1.2.7 Y (above 0 ◦ C) (1) 1.3.1 Mature stage (1) (1 x 1) (1) 1.3.2 Well-developed cold front and warm front (2) (1 x 2) (2) A clearly defined warm sector between the two fronts (2) The cold front has not yet caught up with the warm front (no occlusion) (2) Deep low (988 hPa) with several closed isobars (2) [ANY ONE] 1.3.3 In winter the pressure and wind belts shift northwards (apparent (1 x 2) (2) movement of the sun to the Northern Hemisphere), so the westerlies and cold fronts reach the south-western Cape (2) The subtropical high-pressure belt lies further north in winter and no longer blocks/deflects the mid-latitude cyclones away from the Western Cape (2) [ANY ONE] Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 3 Geography/P1 3 Hlayiso/Prediction 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines cumulonimbus nimbostratus/altostratus/ cirrostratus warm sector (warm air) cold air cold air A B cold front warm front 1.3.4 W→E (4 x 1) (4) Criteria: (a) Cold front (steep, on the A/western side) and warm front (gentle, on the B/eastern side) correctly drawn (1) (b) Warm sector between the two fronts (1) (c) ONE correct cloud type in the correct position: cumulonimbus at the cold front OR nimbostratus/altostratus/cirrostratus/cirrus at the warm front (1) (d) Direction of movement from west to east (A to B) (1) 1.3.5 At the cold front, cold dense air undercuts the warm air along a (2 x 2) (4) steep gradient, forcing it to rise rapidly (2) Rapid uplift forms cumulonimbus clouds with thunderstorms, heavy showers, hail and strong, gusty winds (2) The warm front has a gentle gradient, so warm air rises slowly over the cold air (2) Slow uplift forms stratiform clouds with light, steady rain or drizzle (2) The cold front moves faster, so weather changes are sudden (2) [ANY TWO] 1.3.6 Move livestock to shelter/kraals or lower ground (2) (1 x 2) (2) Provide extra feed and shelter for animals in case of snow and cold (2) Clear drainage channels and secure loose structures and roofs (2) Protect/harvest crops and move equipment to shelter (2) Avoid crossing flooded rivers and monitor weather updates (2) [ANY ONE] 1.4.1 Warm sea-surface temperature (above 26,5 ◦ C) (1) (2 x 1) (2) High humidity/large supply of moisture (latent heat) (1) Low vertical wind shear (1) Upper-air divergence (1) Warm Mozambique Current supplying heat and moisture (1) [ANY TWO] 1.4.2 Day 6 (1) (1 x 1) (1) 1.4.3 Lowest central pressure of 958 hPa (1) (2 x 1) (2) Highest wind speed of 185 km/h (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 4 Geography/P1 4 Hlayiso/Prediction 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines 1.4.4 Over land it was cut off from its supply of warm, moist air (latent (2 x 2) (4) heat energy) (2) Friction with the land surface reduced the wind speed (2) The highlands of Madagascar disrupted the circulation (2) The land surface is cooler than the ocean, so less evaporation and condensation take place (2) [ANY TWO] 1.4.5 Strong onshore winds push (pile up) sea water against the coast, (1 x 2) (2) raising the sea level above normal (2) The very low pressure in the centre lets the sea surface bulge upwards, and this dome of water floods the low-lying coast at landfall (2) [ANY ONE] 1.4.6 Use early-warning systems and monitor the track of tropical (2 x 2) (4) cyclones (2) Evacuate people from low-lying coastal areas before landfall (2) Build cyclone shelters and stronger buildings (2) Prevent settlement on low-lying, flood-prone coastal land (2) Educate communities on emergency plans (2) Stockpile emergency food, clean water and medical supplies (2) Protect the coast with sea walls/mangroves and improve drainage (2) [ANY TWO] 1.5.1 An urban area that has higher temperatures than the surrounding (1 x 2) (2) rural areas (2) [CONCEPT] 1.5.2 17 ◦ C − 9 ◦ C = 8 ◦ C (1) (1 x 1) (1) 1.5.3 Vegetation uses heat energy for evapotranspiration, which cools (1 x 2) (2) the air (2) Grass and trees absorb and store less heat than concrete and tar (higher albedo) (2) Less heat is generated by human activities in the park (2) Trees provide shade (2) [ANY ONE] 1.5.4 At night an inversion layer forms over the city, and it prevents the (1 x 2) (2) polluted air from rising and dispersing (2) Calm conditions at night mean there is no wind to carry the pollutants away (2) Cool, dense air at the surface sinks and keeps the pollutants close to the ground (2) [ANY ONE] Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 5 Geography/P1 5 Hlayiso/Prediction 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines 1.5.5 Plant trees, parks and green belts (2) (4 x 2) (8) Build green roofs and green walls (2) Use light-coloured (high-albedo) roofing and paving materials (2) Use permeable surfaces and water features to increase evaporation (2) Improve public and non-motorised transport to reduce vehicle emissions (2) Use cleaner/renewable energy and energy-efficient buildings to reduce artificial heat (2) Enforce air-quality laws (filters on factory chimneys, emission testing) (2) Locate industries away from (downwind of) residential areas (2) [ANY FOUR] [60] Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 6 Geography/P1 6 Hlayiso/Prediction 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines QUESTION 2: GEOMORPHOLOGY 2.1 2.1.1 Y (permanent) (1) (8 x 1) (8) 2.1.2 Z (only in the wet season) (1) 2.1.3 Y (episodic) (1) 2.1.4 Z (water table) (1) 2.1.5 Y (infiltration) (1) 2.1.6 Z (exotic) (1) 2.1.7 Z (non-perennial) (1) 2.1.8 Y (impermeable surfaces) (1) 2.2 2.2.1 B (1) (7 x 1) (7) 2.2.2 C (1) 2.2.3 B (1) 2.2.4 D (1) 2.2.5 B (1) 2.2.6 A (1) 2.2.7 B (1) 2.3.1 A: Rectangular (1) (2 x 1) (2) B: Centripetal (1) 2.3.2 Rock with joints/faults (cracks) that cross each other at right angles (1 x 2) (2) (2) Streams erode along these lines of weakness, so they bend and join at right angles (2) [ANY ONE] 2.3.3 The streams flow into a central depression (basin) that is the lowest (1 x 2) (2) point (2) The land slopes inwards from all sides towards the centre (2) [ANY ONE] 2.3.4 Third order (3rd) (1) (1 x 1) (1) 2.3.5 The total length of all the streams in a drainage basin divided by the (1 x 2) (2) area of the drainage basin (2) [CONCEPT] 2.3.6 B (1) (1 x 1) (1) 2.3.7 B has a greater total length of streams in the same-sized area / (1 x 1) (1) more streams per unit area (1) 2.3.8 (a) High rainfall produces more surface run-off, which erodes more (2 x 2) (4) stream channels, so the drainage density is high (2) (b) Dense vegetation intercepts rainfall and increases infiltration, reducing surface run-off, so the drainage density is low (2) 2.4.1 The process whereby a river with greater erosive power (captor) (1 x 2) (2) erodes headwards through the watershed and diverts (captures) the headwaters of a neighbouring river (2) [CONCEPT] 2.4.2 X (1) (1 x 1) (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 7 Geography/P1 7 Hlayiso/Prediction 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines 2.4.3 It has a steeper gradient (2) (1 x 2) (2) It flows over softer rock (shale) (2) It receives higher rainfall (larger volume of water) (2) It flows at a lower altitude (lower base level) (2) It is actively eroding headwards towards river Y (2) [ANY ONE] captor stream (X) elbow of capture wind gap (dry valley) misfit stream 2.4.4 (4 x 1) (4) Criteria (sketch must show X extended to take over the upper course of Y): (a) Captor stream: X flowing from the captured headwaters of Y (1) (b) Elbow of capture: sharp bend where the captured river turns into X (1) (c) Wind gap: dry valley below the elbow (1) (d) Misfit stream: the smaller river Y below the wind gap (1) 2.4.5 Less water reaches the farms for irrigation (2) (2 x 2) (4) The river may dry up or flow only seasonally (2) Crops fail or yields drop, leading to a loss of income (2) Less water is available for livestock (2) Farmers must drill boreholes or build dams, which increases costs (2) Farms may be abandoned, leading to job losses (2) [ANY TWO] 2.4.6 The captor stream receives a larger volume of water from the (1 x 2) (2) captured headwaters, which increases its erosive power (vertical erosion) (2) It flows at a lower base level, so the sudden change in gradient at the elbow causes renewed downcutting (a knickpoint) (2) [ANY ONE] 2.5.1 Managing (controlling) human activities within a catchment area to (1 x 2) (2) protect the quality and quantity of the water and the ecosystem in a sustainable way (2) [CONCEPT] 2.5.2 Draining and filling in the wetland for houses and a shopping centre (2 x 1) (2) (1) Illegal sand mining (1) Overflow of raw sewage from the old/overloaded sewage works (1) [ANY TWO] 2.5.3 About 4 000 households (1) (1 x 1) (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 8 Geography/P1 8 Hlayiso/Prediction 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines 2.5.4 Wetlands act like sponges: they absorb and store rainwater, which (1 x 2) (2) reduces flood peaks, and release it slowly in the dry season to keep the river flowing (2) Without the wetland, rain runs off the built-up (impermeable) surfaces quickly into the river and less water is stored for the dry season (2) [ANY ONE] 2.5.5 Rehabilitate the remaining wetland and declare it a protected area (4 x 2) (8) (2) Stop further development on wetlands and floodplains (enforce zoning laws) (2) Enforce laws against illegal sand mining (permits, fines, patrols) (2) Upgrade and maintain the sewage works (2) Monitor the water quality regularly (2) Replant indigenous vegetation and create buffer zones along the riverbanks (2) Remove alien vegetation (2) Run community clean-up campaigns and education programmes (2) Involve residents in monitoring river health (e.g. miniSASS) (2) Apply the National Water Act (2) [ANY FOUR] [60] TOTAL SECTION A: 120 Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 9 Geography/P1 9 Hlayiso/Prediction 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines SECTION B QUESTION 3: GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES 3.1.1 B (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.1.2 A (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.1.3 Difference in years: 2026 − 2019 = 7 years (1) (3 x 1) (3) Total change: 7 × 7′ = 49′ W (1) Magnetic declination 2026: 25◦ 31′ + 49′ = 26◦ 20′ west of true north (1) (CA from the candidate’s total change) 3.1.4 Length: 3,9 cm × 0,5 km = 1,95 km (1) (3 x 1) (3) Breadth: 3,3 cm × 0,5 km = 1,65 km (1) Area: 1,95 km × 1,65 km = 3,22 km2 (3,2175 km2 ) (1) (Unit required for the final mark. Accept conversion via 3,9 × 50 000 = 195 000 cm = 1,95 km. Accept 3,2 km2 .) 3.1.5 Convex (slope) (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.1.6 The contour lines are far apart near 103 and become close together (1 x 1) (1) near 6 (gentle at the top, steep at the bottom) (1) The spacing between the contours decreases downslope (1) [ANY ONE] 3.2.1 South-easterly (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.2.2 It joins the Buffels River near Laingsburg, which lies to the (1 x 2) (2) south-east (2) Its tributaries join it at acute angles that point downstream (south-east) (2) The land is higher in the north-west (the spot heights decrease towards the south-east) (2) [ANY ONE] 3.2.3 Braided stream (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.2.4 The river carries a large sediment load from its semi-arid (1 x 2) (2) catchment, where vegetation is sparse (2) Its discharge fluctuates (seasonal/flash floods), so the load is deposited when the flow decreases (2) Its gentle gradient reduces velocity, which causes deposition (2) Easily eroded banks supply sediment (2) [ANY ONE] 3.2.5 Katabatic (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.2.6 Cold, dense air drains to the valley floor beneath warmer air and (1 x 2) (2) forms a temperature inversion, which stops the polluted air from rising and dispersing (pollution dome/smog) (2) Calm conditions at night mean there is no wind to carry the pollutants away (2) [ANY ONE] 3.2.7 North-facing slope (1) (1 x 1) (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 10 Geography/P1 10 Hlayiso/Prediction 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines 3.2.8 In the Southern Hemisphere the sun is in the northern part of the (1 x 2) (2) sky (especially in winter, when the overhead sun is over the Tropic of Cancer) (2) North-facing slopes face the sun and receive more direct (concentrated) rays for longer (2) [ANY ONE] 3.3.1 Raster (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.3.2 Attribute (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.3.3 Collecting information about the earth’s surface from a distance (1 x 2) (2) (e.g. by satellites, aircraft or drones) without physical contact (2) [CONCEPT] 3.3.4 Satellite/aerial images show the extent of the flooded area in real (1 x 2) (2) time (2) They identify flooded roads and homes, so rescue and evacuation routes can be planned (2) They help to assess the damage after the flood (2) They can monitor upstream conditions to give early warnings (2) [ANY ONE] 3.3.5 The orthophoto map has a higher resolution (larger scale), so (1 x 2) (2) individual buildings are visible (2) It is a real (photographic) image of the surface that shows the actual position of features (2) [ANY ONE] [30] TOTAL SECTION B: 30 GRAND TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved ## Related documents - [GEOGRAPHY P1 GR12 MEMO SEPT2018 English](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/geography-p1-gr12-memo-sept2018-english/66551d14-a0be-4338-accf-f25bd373c188) — Geography · Memo · 2018 · Eng - [Geography P1 Memo June 2018 English](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/geography-p1-memo-june-2018-english/8027cf23-04ad-4f50-b2a2-ae26a13c3ef9) — Geography · Memo · 2018 · Eng - [GEOGRAPHY P1 GR12 MEMO SEPT2017 English](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/geography-p1-gr12-memo-sept2017-english/f42323b6-1860-41f6-b6db-bf72dcaa092c) — Geography · Memo · 2017 · Eng - [Geography P1 May-June 2025 Eng](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/geography-p1-may-june-2025-eng/bbabb3ad-00bf-45d9-aa3b-76a0d89ca2b6) — Geography · QP · 2025 · Eng - [Geography P1 (English) QP](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/geography-p1-english-qp/cc0a9c5e-7556-4aa2-a8c6-caf4da66af7f) — Geography · QP · 2023 · Eng - [Gr12 Geography P1 (English) SEP 2022 Question Paper](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/gr12-geography-p1-english-sep-2022-question-paper/a9fc8224-0596-43ea-897e-9b4730291373) — Geography · QP · 2022 · Eng ## More from Grade 12 Geography - [Geography P2 (English) June 2025 Question Paper](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/geography-p2-english-june-2025-question-paper/ba0a3969-240a-4bba-bdb6-7d02a7f80205) — QP · 2025 · Eng - [Geography Grade 12 NSC P1 QP September 2025 KZN](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/geography-grade-12-nsc-p1-qp-september-2025-kzn/b87141de-a060-4504-8e9a-a5a35821df42) — QP · 2025 - [Geography Grade 12 NSC P2 QP September 2025 KZN](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/geography-grade-12-nsc-p2-qp-september-2025-kzn/50385845-0827-427a-b5e1-25ab349d4e0f) — QP · 2025 - [HARTBEESPOORT DAM1 D FINAL](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/hartbeespoort-dam1-d-final/f3569cb0-ade1-40df-81a0-ce8310309dd4) — QP · 2023 - [2023 GAU June QP](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/2023-gau-june-qp/f50ff343-2787-464c-b8a6-0321cf90253e) — QP · 2023 - [2023 KZN Prelim P2 QP](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/2023-kzn-prelim-p2-qp/4d6a4eeb-5ee5-44a7-9392-783928539ee7) — QP · 2023 ## Collection - [Grade 12 past papers](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/past-papers) --- Hlayiso: free CAPS and IEB past papers, memos, notes and study guides for South African learners. 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