# Geography Grade 12 P1 NSC November Prediction 2026 QP (Eng)

> Grade 12 Geography Paper 1 question paper from the NSC November Prediction Exam 2026 (English), 15 pages. Read online or download the free PDF.

- Page: https://www.hlayiso.com/library/grade-12-geography-2026-nsc-november-prediction-exam-question-paper-paper-1/1fae0ae2-4361-4b5e-b198-aef60d1aef68
- Updated: 2026-10-29
- Subject: Geography
- Grade: Grade 12
- Language: English
- Document type: Question paper
- Year: 2026
- Exam period: NSC November Prediction Exam
- Paper: 1
- Publisher: Hlayiso
- Curriculum: CAPS
- Pages: 15

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## About this document

Geography · Grade 12 · NSC November Prediction Exam · 2026 · English. Question paper, 15 pages. Read online or download the PDF.

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### Page 1

Prediction

                            hlayiso mock exams
                            Practice Series:
                            Grade 12 NSC Preparation
                            WWW.HLAYISO.COM

                                 NATIONAL
                            SENIOR CERTIFICATE

                                    GRADE 12

                                 GEOGRAPHY P1
                        PREDICTION EXAMINATION 2026

MARKS: 150

TIME: 3 hours

                      This question paper consists of 15 pages.

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### Page 2

Geography/P1                                2                          Hlayiso/Prediction 2026
                                       NSC Prediction

INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION

1.    This question paper consists of TWO sections.
        SECTION A
          QUESTION 1: CLIMATE AND WEATHER                                                (60)
          QUESTION 2: GEOMORPHOLOGY                                                      (60)
        SECTION B
          QUESTION 3: GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES                                 (30)
2.    Answer ALL THREE questions.
3.    ALL diagrams are included in the question paper.
4.    Leave a line between the subsections of questions answered.
5.    Start EACH question at the top of a NEW page.
6.    Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this question
      paper.
7.    Do NOT write in the margins of the ANSWER BOOK.
8.    Draw fully labelled diagrams when instructed to do so.
9.    Answer in FULL SENTENCES, except when you have to state, name, identify or list.
10.   Units of measurement MUST be indicated in your final answer, e.g. 1 020 hPa, 14 ◦ C
      and 45 m.
11.   You may use a non-programmable calculator.
12.   You may use a magnifying glass.
13.   Write neatly and legibly.
SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION FOR SECTION B
14.   A 1 : 50 000 topographical map extract of 3320BB LAINGSBURG and a 1 : 10 000
      orthophoto map extract of LAINGSBURG are used in this section. The map sheet is
      supplied with this paper as Geography P1 Prediction 2026 Map (3320BB Laingsburg).
      This extract was first used in the 2025 Eastern Cape preparatory examination; it is NOT
      the map of the real 2026 examination. Letters, numbers and shapes on the maps that
      are not referred to in this paper must be ignored.
15.   The area demarcated in RED on the topographical map represents the area covered
      by the orthophoto map.
16.   Show ALL calculations. Marks will be allocated for steps in calculations.

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Geography/P1                                          3                                   Hlayiso/Prediction 2026
                                                 NSC Prediction

SECTION A: CLIMATE AND WEATHER AND GEOMORPHOLOGY
QUESTION 1: CLIMATE AND WEATHER
1.1      Refer to the synoptic weather map below. Various options are provided
         as possible answers to the following questions. Choose the answer and
         write only the letter (A–D) next to the question numbers (1.1.1 to 1.1.8)
         in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 1.1.9 D.

           N                    dry air
                                                     D
                                                                       moist air

                                          1012
                                          1008
                                           L
                 1020
                                      C
                 1024                                                              1020
                                                                  28
                  H                                               24        E
                                                                                           1024

           A                                                                                H

                  Atlantic Ocean
                                                                   Indian Ocean                   B

         [Source: Examiner’s own sketch]
         1.1.1          The season represented on the synoptic weather map is …
                        A     winter.
                        B     summer.
                        C     autumn.
                        D     spring.
         1.1.2          High-pressure cell A is the … high.
                        A     Kalahari
                        B     South Indian
                        C     South Atlantic
                        D     Siberian
         1.1.3          Low-pressure cell C over the interior forms because of …
                        A     air subsiding from the upper atmosphere.
                        B     intense heating of the land surface.
                        C     cold air moving in from the south.
                        D     the ridging of a high-pressure cell.
         1.1.4          Line D represents a …
                        A     cold front.
                        B     warm front.
                        C     moisture front.
                        D     occluded front.

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Geography/P1                                     4                               Hlayiso/Prediction 2026
                                            NSC Prediction

         1.1.5       The air to the east of line D is … and …
                     (i) warm   (ii) cold    (iii) moist   (iv) dry
                     A     (i) and (iii)
                     B     (i) and (iv)
                     C     (ii) and (iii)
                     D     (ii) and (iv)
         1.1.6       High-pressure cell B transports moisture into the interior
                     because its … circulation results in … winds along the east
                     coast.
                     A     clockwise; offshore
                     B     anticlockwise; onshore
                     C     clockwise; onshore
                     D     anticlockwise; offshore
         1.1.7       The wind direction and wind speed recorded at weather station
                     E are …
                     A     south-westerly; 15 knots.
                     B     north-easterly; 5 knots.
                     C     north-easterly; 15 knots.
                     D     south-westerly; 25 knots.
         1.1.8       The thunderstorms that develop to the east of line D are
                     associated with … clouds and …
                     (i) cumulonimbus       (ii) nimbostratus    (iii) hail   (iv) drizzle
                     A     (i) and (iv)
                     B     (ii) and (iii)
                                                                                              (8 x 1) (8)
                     C     (ii) and (iv)
                     D     (i) and (iii)

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Geography/P1                                     5                             Hlayiso/Prediction 2026
                                            NSC Prediction

1.2      Refer to the sketch below showing a valley on a clear, calm winter night
         in the Southern Hemisphere. Complete the statements in COLUMN A
         with the options in COLUMN B. Write only Y or Z next to the question
         numbers (1.2.1 to 1.2.7) in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 1.2.8 Y.

                  D
         (north-facing slope)

                            A                                             A

                                          inversion layer

                                      C
               S                                                                     N

                                                B

                                    farmstead

         [Source: Examiner’s own sketch]

                            COLUMN A                             COLUMN B
          1.2.1      Wind A is a/an … wind.                  Y   anabatic
                                                             Z   katabatic
          1.2.2      Wind A develops when the valley         Y   terrestrial
                     slopes lose heat through …              Z   radiation
                                                                 insolation
          1.2.3      The zone of cold air at B is called     Y   thermal belt
                     a…                                      Z   frost pocket
          1.2.4      Between B and the inversion layer       Y   decreases
                     the temperature … with height.          Z   increases
          1.2.5      Zone C on the valley slopes is most     Y   fruit orchards
                     suitable for …                          Z   factories that emit
                                                                 smoke
          1.2.6      Slope D receives … insolation           Y   more
                     during the day than the opposite        Z   less
                     slope.
          1.2.7      Radiation fog forms at B when           Y   above 0 ◦ C
                     the air cools to its dew point at a     Z   below 0 ◦ C
                     temperature …
                                                                               (7 x 1) (7)

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Geography/P1                                          6                                        Hlayiso/Prediction 2026
                                                 NSC Prediction

1.3      Refer to the sketch of a mid-latitude cyclone and the weather warning
         below.
                            Cape Town

                                      warm air                      WEATHER WARNING
                                                                    A strong cold front will reach Cape
                                                                    Town on Sunday morning. Gale-force
          A                                                     B   north-westerly winds are expected
                                                                    ahead of the front, followed by heavy
                                                                    rain, a sharp drop in temperature and
                                                                    possible hail. Snow is expected on the
           cold air
                                  L                                 high mountains of the Western Cape
                                  988                               on Monday. Farmers are warned that
                                                     cold air       livestock may be at risk.

                      direction of movement

         [Source: Examiner’s own sketch and weather warning]
         1.3.1        In which stage of development is the mid-latitude cyclone?                             (1 x 1) (1)
         1.3.2        Give evidence from the sketch to support your answer to
                      QUESTION 1.3.1.                                         (1 x 2) (2)
         1.3.3        Why do mid-latitude cyclones influence the Western Cape
                      mainly in winter?                                       (1 x 2) (2)
         1.3.4        In the ANSWER BOOK, draw a fully labelled cross-section
                      along line A–B. Clearly indicate the following:
                      (a) Cold front and warm front (b) Warm sector                              (c) ONE
                      cloud type (d) Direction of movement                                                   (4 x 1) (4)
         1.3.5        Explain why the weather associated with the cold front is more
                      severe than the weather associated with the warm front.        (2 x 2) (4)
         1.3.6        Suggest ONE precaution that farmers should take after this
                      weather warning has been issued.                           (1 x 2) (2)

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Geography/P1                                    7                                                  Hlayiso/Prediction 2026
                                           NSC Prediction

1.4      Refer to the infographic below on Tropical Cyclone Kumbi, a fictional
         tropical cyclone based on real cyclones in the South-West Indian Ocean.

                                                                                                       10◦ S

                                                                                               1
                                                                                     2
                 MOZAMBIQUE                                                3

                                                                 4
                                            5
                               6                   MAD
                       7                              AGA
                      Beira                               SCA                                          20◦ S
                                                             R
                              Mozambique
                               Channel

         Circled numbers show the position of the cyclone at noon on Day 1 to Day 7.

          Day                               1            2            3         4         5        6           7
          Pressure (hPa)                   1 004      992            966       986       972   958         994
          Max. wind speed (km/h)            55          95           165       110       150   185             70

          FACT FILE: Kumbi formed north-east of Madagascar, crossed northern
          Madagascar on Day 4 and strengthened again over the warm Mozambique
          Channel. It made landfall near Beira late on Day 6. A storm surge of almost
          3 m flooded low-lying parts of the coast. The national weather service had
          issued warnings three days before landfall.
         [Source: Examiner’s own sketch and fictional data]
         1.4.1       State TWO conditions in the Mozambique Channel that allowed
                     Tropical Cyclone Kumbi to strengthen again after Day 4.     (2 x 1) (2)
         1.4.2       On which day was Tropical Cyclone Kumbi at its most intense? (1 x 1) (1)
         1.4.3       Give TWO pieces of evidence from the table to support your
                     answer to QUESTION 1.4.2.                                  (2 x 1) (2)
         1.4.4       Explain why Tropical Cyclone Kumbi weakened as it crossed
                     Madagascar on Day 4.                                      (2 x 2) (4)
         1.4.5       Explain how the storm surge mentioned in the fact file
                     developed.                                             (1 x 2) (2)
         1.4.6       Suggest strategies that the authorities in Mozambique can put
                     in place to reduce the impact of future tropical cyclones on
                     coastal communities.                                          (2 x 2) (4)

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Geography/P1                                        8                                     Hlayiso/Prediction 2026
                                               NSC Prediction

1.5      Refer to the infographic below on urban climates.
         A: AIR TEMPERATURE AT 22:00 ON A CLEAR, CALM WINTER
         NIGHT ACROSS A CITY
             ◦C

           18                                      17

           16                            15
                                                                                14
           14
                             12                                      12
           12
                                                                                         10
           10        9

            8

            6

            4

            2

            0
                  Rural      Outer    Industrial   CBD           City           Inner   Rural
                  farm      suburb      area                     park          suburb   farm

         B: POLLUTION OVER THE SAME CITY BY DAY AND AT NIGHT
                     wind

                            pollution dome

                                                                      inversion layer

                                                         pollution

                              X (DAY)                                     Y (NIGHT)

         [Source: Examiner’s own sketches and fictional data]
         1.5.1       Define the concept urban heat island.                                           (1 x 2) (2)
         1.5.2       Refer to graph A. Calculate the difference in temperature
                     between the CBD and the rural farm on the left of the graph. (1 x 1) (1)
         1.5.3       Explain why the temperature drops over the city park.                           (1 x 2) (2)
         1.5.4       Refer to sketches X and Y in B. Explain why the pollution in
                     sketch Y (at night) is concentrated close to the surface of the
                     city.                                                           (1 x 2) (2)
         1.5.5       In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, suggest
                     sustainable strategies that the city planners can put in place
                     to reduce the urban heat island effect and the pollution dome. (4 x 2) (8)
                                                                                           [60]

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Geography/P1                                        9                                       Hlayiso/Prediction 2026
                                               NSC Prediction

QUESTION 2: GEOMORPHOLOGY
2.1      Refer to the sketches below showing cross-sections through three river
         channels (P, Q and R) and the position of the water table. Complete the
         statements in COLUMN A with the options in COLUMN B. Write only Y or
         Z next to the question numbers (2.1.1 to 2.1.8) in the ANSWER BOOK,
         e.g. 2.1.9 Y.

                         P                            Q                                 R

               wet-season water table           dry-season water table            water in channel

         [Source: Examiner’s own sketch]

                                    COLUMN A                                 COLUMN B
          2.1.1        River P is a … river.                             Y   permanent
                                                                         Z   periodic
          2.1.2        River Q flows …                                   Y   all year round
                                                                         Z   only in the wet
                                                                             season
          2.1.3        River R, which flows only after                   Y   episodic
                       heavy rainfall, is a/an … river.                  Z   periodic
          2.1.4        The upper surface of the saturated                Y   groundwater
                       zone below the ground is the …                    Z   water table
          2.1.5        Rainwater that seeps into the soil                Y   infiltration
                       is known as …                                     Z   surface run-off
          2.1.6        A river that originates in a                      Y   episodic
                       high-rainfall area and flows                      Z   exotic
                       through a dry area is a/an … river.
          2.1.7        Most rivers in the dry western half               Y   perennial
                       of South Africa are …                             Z   non-perennial
          2.1.8        Surface run-off is increased by …                 Y   impermeable
                                                                         Z   surfaces
                                                                             dense vegetation
                                                                                            (8 x 1) (8)

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Geography/P1                                              10                                        Hlayiso/Prediction 2026
                                                     NSC Prediction

2.2      Refer to sketches 1 and 2 below. Various options are provided as
         possible answers to the following questions. Choose the answer and
         write only the letter (A–D) next to the question numbers (2.2.1 to 2.2.7)
         in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 2.2.8 D.
         SKETCH 1: A WATERFALL (SIDE VIEW)
                                         flow

                             resistant (hard) rock
                                                            steep-sided valley
                                                          downstream of the falls

                                                                       Q
                              less resistant
                                (soft) rock

                                                          P

         SKETCH 2: A REJUVENATED RIVER
                                                              height

                 T                              T

                         T           T                                                     original profile
                                                                                       K

                         cross-profile                                       longitudinal profile     distance

         [Source: Examiner’s own sketches]
         2.2.1       The waterfall in sketch 1 formed because the river flows over
                     …
                     A       rock of uniform resistance.
                     B       a layer of resistant rock that overlies less resistant rock.
                     C       loose sediment deposited by the river.
                     D       a gentle gradient.
         2.2.2       The feature at P at the base of the waterfall is a …
                     A       pothole.
                     B       rapid.
                     C       plunge pool.
                     D       gorge.
         2.2.3       The waterfall retreats upstream as a result of …
                     A       lateral erosion and deposition.
                     B       undercutting and the collapse of the overhanging rock.
                     C       deposition in the plunge pool.
                     D       a decrease in the volume of water.

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Geography/P1                                      11                           Hlayiso/Prediction 2026
                                             NSC Prediction

         2.2.4       The steep-sided valley at Q that forms as the waterfall retreats
                     is a …
                     A      floodplain.
                     B      meander.
                     C      delta.
                     D      gorge.
         2.2.5       The flat steps labelled T on the cross-profile in sketch 2 are …
                     A      levees.
                     B      river terraces.
                     C      interlocking spurs.
                     D      slip-off slopes.
         2.2.6       The rejuvenation shown in sketch 2 could have been caused
                     by … and …
                     (i) uplift of the land (ii) a rise in sea level    (iii) a drop in sea
                     level (iv) a decrease in discharge
                     A      (i) and (iii)
                     B      (i) and (ii)
                     C      (ii) and (iv)
                     D      (iii) and (iv)
         2.2.7       The break of slope labelled K on the longitudinal profile is a …
                     A      watershed.
                     B      knickpoint.
                                                                                              (7 x 1) (7)
                     C      permanent base level.
                     D      confluence.
2.3      Refer to drainage patterns A and B below. The two areas are the same
         size.

                                                                       lake

                                    X

                            A                                          B

         [Source: Examiner’s own sketch]
         2.3.1       Identify drainage patterns A and B.                                      (2 x 1) (2)
         2.3.2       Describe the underlying rock structure that resulted in drainage
                     pattern A.                                                       (1 x 2) (2)

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Geography/P1                                           12                                  Hlayiso/Prediction 2026
                                                  NSC Prediction

         2.3.3       Why do the streams in drainage pattern B flow towards a central
                     point?                                                          (1 x 2) (2)
         2.3.4       Determine the stream order of the main stream at X in drainage
                     pattern A.                                                     (1 x 1) (1)
         2.3.5       Define the concept drainage density.                                               (1 x 2) (2)
         2.3.6       Which drainage pattern, A or B, has the higher drainage
                     density?                                                (1 x 1) (1)
         2.3.7       Give a reason for your answer to QUESTION 2.3.6.                                   (1 x 1) (1)
         2.3.8       Explain how EACH of the following influences drainage density:
                     (a)   High rainfall                                                                (1 x 2) (2)
                     (b)   Dense vegetation cover                                                       (1 x 2) (2)
2.4      Refer to the sketch below showing rivers X and Y BEFORE river capture.

                                                headward
                                                 erosion
                                                                                     N

                                                                   Y
                                   X                                     gentle gradient
                                                                         hard rock
                       steep gradient                                    higher altitude
                       soft rock (shale)                                 (900 m)
                       high rainfall
                       lower altitude (300 m)
                                                watershed

         [Source: Examiner’s own sketch]
         2.4.1       Define the concept river capture (stream piracy).                                  (1 x 2) (2)
         2.4.2       Which river, X or Y, is likely to become the captor stream?                        (1 x 1) (1)
         2.4.3       Give ONE reason from the sketch for your answer to
                     QUESTION 2.4.2.                                    (1 x 2) (2)
         2.4.4       In the ANSWER BOOK, draw a labelled sketch to show the
                     area AFTER river capture has taken place. Clearly indicate the
                     following:
                     (a) Captor stream            (b) Elbow of capture      (c) Wind gap          (d)
                     Misfit stream                                                                      (4 x 1) (4)
         2.4.5       Explain the negative impact of river capture on farmers who
                     depend on the water of river Y downstream of the point of
                     capture.                                                    (2 x 2) (4)
         2.4.6       Why will the captor stream be rejuvenated after river capture? (1 x 2) (2)

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Geography/P1                                   13                         Hlayiso/Prediction 2026
                                          NSC Prediction

2.5      Refer to the extract below on catchment and river management.

                       A RIVER AND ITS WETLAND IN TROUBLE
          The Sizwe River (a fictional river) rises in a grassland wetland
          above the town of Khanyisa. Over the past ten years, a large part of
          the wetland has been drained and filled in for new houses and a
          shopping centre. Further downstream, illegal sand mining has
          removed sand from the riverbed and the riverbanks have collapsed.
          The town’s sewage works is old and overloaded, and after heavy
          rain raw sewage overflows into the river. About 4 000 households
          downstream use water from the river for drinking, washing and
          irrigating food gardens. Residents report that the river now floods
          more often after summer storms and dries up earlier in winter than it
          did in the past.
         [Source: Examiner’s own extract]
         2.5.1       Define the concept catchment management.                         (1 x 2) (2)
         2.5.2       Identify TWO human activities in the extract that have damaged
                     the Sizwe River.                                               (2 x 1) (2)
         2.5.3       According to the extract, how many households depend on the
                     Sizwe River?                                                (1 x 1) (1)
         2.5.4       Explain why the river now floods more often and dries up earlier
                     since the wetland was drained.                                   (1 x 2) (2)
         2.5.5       In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, suggest
                     sustainable strategies that the municipality and the community
                     of Khanyisa can implement to restore the health of the Sizwe
                     River and its catchment.                                       (4 x 2) (8)
                                                                                           [60]
                                                                      TOTAL SECTION A: 120

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Geography/P1                                      14                        Hlayiso/Prediction 2026
                                             NSC Prediction

SECTION B
QUESTION 3: GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES
GENERAL INFORMATION ON LAINGSBURG
Laingsburg is a small town in the Great Karoo in the Western Cape. It is on the N1 national
road between Cape Town and Johannesburg, in the valley of the Buffels River, which the
Wilgehout River joins near the town. The climate is semi-arid, with low and unreliable
rainfall, hot summers and cold winters. Clear winter nights are often frosty. The town was
largely destroyed by a flood of the Buffels River on 25 January 1981.
[Adapted from various sources. Map extracts: Chief Directorate: National Geo-spatial Information]

3.1      MAP SKILLS AND CALCULATIONS
         3.1.1       Compared with the orthophoto map, the topographical map has
                     a … scale and shows … detail.
                     (i) larger   (ii) smaller   (iii) more   (iv) less
                     A      (i) and (iii)
                     B      (ii) and (iv)
                                                                                         (1 x 1) (1)
                     C      (i) and (iv)
                     D      (ii) and (iii)
         3.1.2       The feature found at 33◦ 09′ 31′′ S; 20◦ 50′ 22′′ E on the
                     topographical map is a …
                     A      trigonometrical station.
                     B      reservoir.
                                                                                         (1 x 1) (1)
                     C      windpump.
                     D      bench mark.
         3.1.3       Calculate the magnetic declination for 2026. Use the
                     information printed on the topographical map.        (3 x 1) (3)
         3.1.4       Calculate the area, in km2 , of the area demarcated in red on the
                     topographical map (the area covered by the orthophoto map).
                     Use the following measurements taken on the topographical
                     map:
                     Length = 3,9 cm         Breadth = 3,3 cm
                     Formula: Area = Length × Breadth                                    (3 x 1) (3)
                     Trigonometrical station 103 in block D2 on the orthophoto map
                     is NOT intervisible with the railway bridge at 6 in block D3.
         3.1.5       Name the type of slope responsible for the lack of intervisibility. (1 x 1) (1)
         3.1.6       Give evidence from the orthophoto map to support your answer
                     to QUESTION 3.1.5.                                           (1 x 1) (1)

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Geography/P1                                   15                           Hlayiso/Prediction 2026
                                          NSC Prediction

3.2      MAP INTERPRETATION
                     Refer to the Wilgehout River (Wilgehoutrivier) in blocks A1 to
                     B2 on the topographical map.
         3.2.1       The     Wilgehout     River      generally     flows     in     a
                     (north-westerly/south-easterly) direction.                          (1 x 1) (1)
         3.2.2       Give evidence from the topographical map to support your
                     answer to QUESTION 3.2.1.                                (1 x 2) (2)
                     Refer to the Buffels River (Buffelsrivier) south of the railway
                     bridge at 6 in blocks D4 and E4 on the orthophoto map.
         3.2.3       The many channels separated by sand deposits show that this
                     section of the river is a (braided stream/meander).         (1 x 1) (1)
         3.2.4       Explain why this type of channel (answer to QUESTION 3.2.3)
                     has developed in the Buffels River.                         (1 x 2) (2)
                     Laingsburg lies on the valley floor below the ridge with
                     trigonometrical station 102 (block C3 on the topographical
                     map).
         3.2.5       On a clear winter night, a/an (anabatic/katabatic) wind will blow
                     down the slopes of this ridge towards the town.                   (1 x 1) (1)
         3.2.6       Explain why smoke and other pollutants from the town are likely
                     to be trapped over Laingsburg on such a night.                  (1 x 2) (2)
                     Refer to the ridge with trigonometrical station 103 in block D2
                     on the orthophoto map.
         3.2.7       Which slope of this ridge, the north-facing or the south-facing
                     slope, will receive more insolation in winter?                  (1 x 1) (1)
         3.2.8       Explain your answer to QUESTION 3.2.7.                              (1 x 2) (2)
3.3      GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS)
         3.3.1       The orthophoto map is an example of (raster/vector) data.           (1 x 1) (1)
         3.3.2       The height of 846,8 m at trigonometrical station 104 on the
                     topographical map is an example of (spatial/attribute) data. (1 x 1) (1)
         3.3.3       Define the concept remote sensing.                                  (1 x 2) (2)
         3.3.4       Explain how remote sensing could help the Laingsburg
                     municipality during a flood of the Buffels River.    (1 x 2) (2)
         3.3.5       Why would a GIS specialist use the orthophoto map rather than
                     the topographical map to identify individual houses that are at
                     risk of flooding?                                               (1 x 2) (2)
                                                                                            [30]
                                                                        TOTAL SECTION B: 30
                                                                          GRAND TOTAL: 150

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