# Life Sciences Grade 12 P2 Gauteng Mock 2019 Memo (English) > Grade 12 Life Sciences Paper 2 memorandum from the Gauteng Mock Exam 2019 (English), 11 pages. Read online or download the free PDF. - Page: https://www.hlayiso.com/library/grade-12-nsc-life-sciences-p2-english-2019-preparatory-examination-possible-answers/170a3dd0-7425-46fa-bb11-3dfa54c22172 - Updated: 2026-09-27 - Subject: Life Sciences - Grade: Grade 12 - Language: English - Document type: Memorandum - Year: 2019 - Exam period: Gauteng Mock Exam - Paper: 2 - Curriculum: CAPS - Pages: 11 Breadcrumbs: [Home](https://www.hlayiso.com/) › [Library](https://www.hlayiso.com/library) › [Grade 12](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/grade-12) › [Life Sciences](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/grade-12/life-sciences) › [Life Sciences Grade 12 P2 Gauteng Mock 2019 Memo (English)](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/grade-12-nsc-life-sciences-p2-english-2019-preparatory-examination-possible-answers/170a3dd0-7425-46fa-bb11-3dfa54c22172) ## About this document Life Sciences · Grade 12 · Gauteng Mock Exam · 2019 · English. Memorandum, 11 pages. Read online or download the PDF. Read it free online on the page above; download the PDF from there. ## Matching paper and memo - [Grade 12 NSC Life Sciences P2 (English) X10 2019 Preparatory Examination Question Paper](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/grade-12-nsc-life-sciences-p2-english-x10-2019-preparatory-examination-question-paper/4abde6f1-8134-4898-b5d2-7a1108fd269d) — QP · 2019 · Eng ## Document text Text extracted from the PDF. Layout, diagrams and tables may not survive extraction. ### Page 1 Downloaded from hlayiso.com Commented [EM1]: PREPARATORY EXAMINATION 2019 MARKING GUIDELINES LIFE SCIENCES (PAPER 2) (10832) 11 pages ### Page 2 Downloaded from hlayiso.com 10832 / 19 GAUTENG DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION PREPARATORY EXAMINATION LIFE SCIENCES (Paper 2) MARKING GUIDELINES PRINCIPLES RELATING TO THE MARKING OF LIFE SCIENCES 1. If more information than marks allocated is given Stop marking when maximum mark is reached and put a wavy line and 'max' in the right hand margin. 2. If, for example, three reasons are required and five are given Mark the first three, irrespective of whether all or some are correct / incorrect. 3. If the whole process is given when only part of it is required Read all and credit relevant parts. 4. If comparisons are asked for and descriptions are given Accept if differences / similarities are clear. 5. If tabulation is required but paragraphs are given Candidates will lose marks for not tabulating. 6. If diagrams are given with annotations when descriptions are required Candidates will lose marks. 7. If flow charts are given instead of descriptions Candidates will lose marks. 8. If sequence is muddled and links do not make sense Where sequence and links are correct, credit. Where sequence and links are incorrect, do not credit. If sequence and links become correct again, resume credit. 9. Non-recognized abbreviations Accept if first defined in answer. If not defined, do not credit the unrecognised abbreviation but credit the rest of the answer if correct. 10. Wrong numbering If answer fits into the correct sequence of questions but the wrong number is given, it is acceptable. 11. If language used changes the intended meaning Do not accept. 12. Spelling errors If recognizable accept, provided it does not mean something else in Life Sciences or if it is out of context. 2 ### Page 3 Downloaded from hlayiso.com 10832 / 19 13. If common names are given in terminology Accept, provided it was accepted at the memo discussion meeting. 14. If only letter is asked for and only name is given (and vice versa) Do not credit. 15. If units are not given in measurements Candidates will lose marks. Memorandum will allocate marks for units separately. 16. Be sensitive to the sense of an answer, which may be stated in a different way. 17. Caption. All illustrations (diagrams, graphs, tables, etc.) must have captions. 18. Code-switching of official languages (terms and concepts) A single word or two that appears in any official language other than the learners' assessment language used to the greatest extent in his / her answers should be credited, if it is correct. A marker that is proficient in the relevant official language should be consulted. This is applicable to all official languages. 19. Changes to the memorandum No changes may be made to the ratified memorandum without consultation with the Provincial Internal Moderator. 3 ### Page 4 Downloaded from hlayiso.com 10832 / 19 SECTION A QUESTION 1 1.1 1.1.1 B 1.1.2 B 1.1.3 C 1.1.4 C 1.1.5 A 1.1.6 B 1.1.7 D 1.1.8 D 1.1.9 C (9 x 2) (18) 1.2 1.2.1 Multiple allelic / multiple alleles 1.2.2 Gene 1.2.3 Co-dominance 1.2.4 Stem cells 1.2.5 Cloning 1.2.6 Mitochondrion 1.2.7 Heterozygous 1.2.8 Genome (8 x 1) (8) 1.3 1.3.1 B only 1.3.2 None 1.3.3 Both A and B (3 x 2) (6) 1.4 1.4.1 DNA replication  (1) 1.4.2 Nucleotide (1) 1.4.3 1 – guanine 2 – cytosine (2) 1.4.4 Double helix (1) 1.4.5 Hydrogen bond (1) (6) 4 ### Page 5 Downloaded from hlayiso.com 10832 / 19 1.5 1.5.1 A cell membrane / plasmalemma B homologous chromosomes / bivalent D spindle fibres (3) 1.5.2 The chromosomes are of the: - Same size - Same shape - Same length Any 2 (2) (Mark first TWO only) 1.5.3 I metaphase 1 II prophase 1 III metaphase 2 (3) 1.5.4 - Single row of chromosomes - at the equator (2) 1.5.5 - Crossing over - Random arrangement of chromosomes (2) (12) TOTAL SECTION A: 50 5 ### Page 6 Downloaded from hlayiso.com 10832 / 19 SECTION B QUESTION 2 2.1 2.1.1 CCT (1) 2.1.2 - Amino acid isoleucine will be coded for - instead of phenylalanine - A different protein may form / nonsense protein formed / protein’s function may be affected (3) 2.1.3 - In replication DNA is formed and in transcription mRNA is formed - In replication 2 strands of DNA act as a template and in transcription 1 strand of DNA is used as a template - In replication thymine is complementary to adenine and in transcription uracil is complementary to adenine (Mark first TWO only) Any 2 x 2 (4) (8) 2.2 2.2.1 Peptide bond (1) 2.2.2 tRNA  (1) 2.2.3 GCA (1) 2.2.4 Ribosome (1) (4) 2.3 2.3.1 Tom and Harry (1) 2.3.2 They both have blood type O  (1) 2.3.3 Type A  and Type B (2) (4) 6 ### Page 7 Downloaded from hlayiso.com 10832 / 19 2.4 2.4.1 Incomplete dominance (1) 2.4.2 P2 Phenotype Grey coat rat x Grey coat rat Genotype WB x WB  Meiosis G/gametes W , B x W , B  Fertilisation F2 Genotype WW : WB : WB : BB* Phenotype 1 White coat : 2 Grey coats: 1 Black coat* P2 and F2 Meiosis and fertilisation  2 compulsory + Any 4 OR P2 Phenotype Grey coat rat x Grey coat rat Genotype WB x WB Meiosis Gametes W B W WW WB Fertilisation B WB BB 1 mark for correct gametes 1 mark for correct genotypes* F2 Phenotype 1 White coat: 2 Grey coats: 1 Black coat* P2 and F2 Meiosis and fertilisation 2 compulsory + Any 4 (6) (7) 2.5 2.5.1 Purple flowers, long pollen grains  (1) 2.5.2 ab  (2) 2.5.3 Purple flowers, long pollen grains : purple flowers, round pollen grains  (2) (5) 7 ### Page 8 Downloaded from hlayiso.com 10832 / 19 2.6 2.6.1 (a) Time / Source of milk (1) (b) Mass/ Weight (1) 2.6.2  Same age   Same mass to start off with   Same time intervals of measurement   Same unit of measurement of mass Any 1 (1) (Mark first ONE only) 2.6.3 15,8 – 4  x 100 = 295%  4 (3) 2.6.4 Mass gain of two babies from ages 2-8 months fed on two sources of milk Rubric for assessment of the graph Criterion Mark Allocation Correct type of graph (T) 1 Caption for graph (C) 1 Correct labels including units for X-axis and Y-axis (L) 1 Correct scales for y-axis and size of 1 bars and spaces between bars (S) Plotting of points: 1 to 7 bars correct (P) 1 OR Graph drawn for required years only, 2 with all 8 bars correct (6) (12) [40] 8 ### Page 9 Downloaded from hlayiso.com 10832 / 19 QUESTION 3 3.1 3.1.1 - Due to use or disuse /more or less use of an organ - it becomes more or less developed - and this acquired characteristic - is passed on to the offspring (4) 3.1.2 - Punctuated equilibrium explains the speed at which evolution occurs - it involves long periods of time - where species do not change /change gradually through natural selection - known as equilibrium - alternating with short periods of time - where rapid changes occur through natural selection Any 4 (4) 3.1.3 Natural selection Artificial selection The environment or nature is Humans represent a selective the selective force force Selection is in response to Selection is in response to suitability to the satisfying human needs environment Occurs within species May involve one or more species (Mark first TWO only) table (5) (13) 3.2 3.2.1 Anolis scriptus (1) 3.2.2 - Short hind limbs - Bigger toepads - Longer arms (Mark first TWO only) Any 2 (2) 3.2.3 - Longer hind legs acted as sailscatching the wind / carrying the lizard away into the sea (2) (5) 9 ### Page 10 Downloaded from hlayiso.com 10832 / 19 3.3 - There was variation in the spike shape of the cell wall of the bacteria population. - Bacteria with triangle spikes and square spikes - were not antibiotic resistant/ antibiotics were able to bind to the surface - and were killed by the antibiotics / did not survive - The bacteria with the round spikes - were resistant to the antibiotics/ antibiotics were unable to bind to the surface and they survived - and reproduced, passing the characteristic of round spikes to the next generation increasing the proportion of these bacteria Any 6 (6) 3.4 3.4.1 X – foramen magnum (1) Y – canines (1) 3.4.2 - The more forward position of the foramen magnum/ X - allows the spinal cord to exit the skull directly downwards - This acts as an axis for the skull - making it favourable for bipedalism/ an upright position Any 3 (3) 3.4.3 (a) B (1) (b) A (1) 3.4.4  There is an increase  in the cranium sizefrom organism B to organism C  This will allow it to house a larger brain/ cerebrum which suggests greater intelligence (3) 3.4.5 (a) - The spine changed from C-shaped to more curved / s-shape, - which provides better support for bipedalism (2) (b) - The pelvis changed from being long and narrow to shorter and wider, - to support the body weight in an upright position (2) 3.4.6 - The oldest fossils of Homo erectus were found in Africa, - while the younger fossils were found in other parts of the world - suggesting that Homo erectus originated in Africa Any 2 (2) (16) [40] TOTAL SECTION B: 80 10 ### Page 11 Downloaded from hlayiso.com 10832 / 19 SECTION C QUESTION 4 Speciation - If a population of a single species becomes separated - by a geographical barrier (sea, river, mountain, lake) - There is now no gene flow between the populations / the populations can no longer interbreed. - Since each population may be exposed to different environmental conditions, - natural selection occurs independently in each of the two populations - such that the individuals of the two populations become very different - genotypically and phenotypically. - Even if the populations were to mix again, - they will not be able to reproduce with each other. - They have thus become different species.     Any (9) Reproductive isolating mechanisms - Breeding at different times of the year - One species is fertile when the other is not - Species-specific courtship behaviour - Courtship behaviour of one species will not attract other species - Adaptation to different pollinators - Pollinator of one species is not adapted to pollinate another species - Infertile offspring - A new species cannot form because they cannot produce fertile offspring - Pheromonesare used to attract mates - If the pheromones are not correct, they will not mate - Different genitalia - Unsuited / incompatible reproductive organs prevent mating Any 4 x 2 (8) NOTE: NO marks will be awarded for answers in the form of flow charts, tables or diagrams. ASSESSING THE PRESENTATION OF THE ESSAY Criterion Relevance (R) Logical sequence (L) Comprehensive (C) All information provided is Ideas are arranged in a All aspects required by the Generally relevant to the topic. logical / cause-effect essay have been sufficiently sequence. addressed. Only information relevant to: The description of: Minimum correct points  Geographic speciation  Geographic speciation is include:  Reproductive isolation logical and sequential  6/9 for Geographic In this essay mechanisms was  Reproductive isolation speciation in Q4 included. mechanisms are in a  5/8 for Reproductive logical sequence isolating mechanisms There is no irrelevant information Mark 1 1 1 TOTAL SECTION C: 20 TOTAL: 150 11 ## Related documents - [Gr12 Life Sciences P2 (English) SEP 2022 Possible Answers](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/gr12-life-sciences-p2-english-sep-2022-possible-answers/17f73f27-a44f-41f5-b5d9-656090338f3e) — Life Sciences · Memo · 2022 · Eng - [LIFE SCIENCES P2 QP SEPT2019 English final](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/life-sciences-p2-qp-sept2019-english-final/65c17b10-5e45-4c78-a168-f144efce77db) — Life Sciences · QP · 2019 · Eng - [Gr12 Life Sciences P2 (English) 2021 Preparatory Question Paper](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/gr12-life-sciences-p2-english-2021-preparatory-question-paper/3f3721a2-ca17-4caa-900e-7c73d1b99db8) — Life Sciences · QP · 2021 · Eng - [Gr 12 Life Sciences P2 (English) 2024 Possible Answers](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/gr-12-life-sciences-p2-english-2024-possible-answers/056e47d6-2126-48a7-b13d-b4af9641a5a9) — Life Sciences · Memo · 2024 · Eng - [Life Sciences P2 Nov 2019 Memo Eng](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/life-sciences-p2-nov-2019-memo-eng/d4ac5eda-a68e-4263-80fa-fa1e8d3b4cef) — Life Sciences · Memo · 2019 · Eng - [Life Sciences P2 Nov 2019 Memo Afr](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/life-sciences-p2-nov-2019-memo-afr/be980b5b-1ccf-4b05-8f44-e4dee2a17852) — Life Sciences · Memo · 2019 · Afr ## More from Grade 12 Life Sciences - [LIFE SCIENCES QP GR12 JUNE 2025 ENG D watermark](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/life-sciences-qp-gr12-june-2025-eng-d-watermark/138939cb-4757-4989-99d7-c9cb21429a5c) — QP · 2025 · Eng - [Life Sciences Grade 12 NSC QP March 2025 KZN](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/life-sciences-grade-12-nsc-qp-march-2025-kzn/b1598f8e-58e0-4c09-b513-b9f61ae73c47) — QP · 2025 - [Life Sciences Grade 12 NSC P2 MEMO September 2025 Mpumalanga](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/life-sciences-grade-12-nsc-p2-memo-september-2025-mpumalanga/17b4cc42-641c-4d7d-9c53-6bac113ce83c) — Memo · 2025 - [Life Sciences Grade 12 NSC P1 QP September 2025 Mpumalanga](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/life-sciences-grade-12-nsc-p1-qp-september-2025-mpumalanga/be917127-6071-4190-b900-3c475d5bfdd4) — QP · 2025 - [Life Sciences Grade 12 NSC P1 QP September 2025 North West](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/life-sciences-grade-12-nsc-p1-qp-september-2025-north-west/9dc29799-a675-40eb-9573-df7341b3572f) — QP · 2025 - [LIFE SCIENCES P1 MEMO GR12 SEPT2024 English](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/life-sciences-p1-memo-gr12-sept2024-english/fa4befb2-edb6-4abd-ab23-dadee10f33fc) — Memo · 2024 · Eng ## Collection - [Grade 12 past papers](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/past-papers) --- Hlayiso: free CAPS and IEB past papers, memos, notes and study guides for South African learners. 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