# Physical Sciences Grade 12 P2 North West June 2024 QP (Eng)

> Grade 12 Physical Sciences Paper 2 question paper from the North West June Exam 2024 (English), 18 pages. Read online or download the free PDF.

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- Updated: 2026-09-28
- Subject: Physical Sciences
- Grade: Grade 12
- Language: English
- Document type: Question paper
- Year: 2024
- Exam period: North West June Exam
- Paper: 2
- Curriculum: CAPS
- Pages: 18

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Physical Sciences · Grade 12 · North West June Exam · 2024 · English. Question paper, 18 pages. Read online or download the PDF.

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### Page 1

PROVINCIAL ASSESSMENT

                                  GRADE 12

                     PHYSICAL SCIENCES: CHEMISTRY (P2)
                                   JUNE 2024

                                                                       MARKS: 150

                                                                     TIME: 3 hours

              This question paper consists of 14 pages and 4 datasheets.

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### Page 2

Physical Sciences/P2                          2                          NW/June 2024
                                          Grade 12

 INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION

 1.     Write your name in the appropriate space on the ANSWER BOOK.

 2.     This question paper consists of EIGHT questions. Answer ALL the questions in
        the ANSWER BOOK.

 3.     Start EACH question on a NEW page in the ANSWER BOOK.

 4.     Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this
        question paper.

 5.     Leave ONE line between two sub-questions, e.g. between QUESTION 2.1 and
        QUESTION 2.2.

 6.     You may use a non-programmable calculator.

 7.     You may use appropriate mathematical instruments.

 8.     Show ALL formulae and substitutions in ALL calculations.

 9.     Round off your FINAL numerical answers to a minimum of TWO decimal places.

 10.    Give brief motivations, discussions, etc. where required.

 11.    You are advised to use the attached DATA SHEETS.

 12.    Write neatly and legibly.

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### Page 3

Physical Sciences/P2                              3                                NW/June 2024
                                              Grade 12

QUESTION 1: MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

 Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. Each
 question has only ONE correct answer. Write the letter (A–D) next to the question
 numbers (1.1 to 1.10) in the ANSWER BOOK, for example 1.11 E.

 1.1    Which ONE of the following compounds belongs to the same homologous
        series as an ester?

        A        CH3COCH3
        B        CH3CH2CH2OH
        C        CH3COOCH3
        D        CH3CH2CHO                                                                  (2)

 1.2    Molecules with the same molecular formulae, but different types of chains
        are called …

        A        Positional isomers
        B        Chain isomers
        C        Structural isomers
        D        Functional isomers                                                         (2)

 1.3    Consider the reaction represented below.

                 CH3CH2CHBrCH3 + H2O               CH3CH2CHOHCH3 + HBr

        Which ONE of the following CORRECTLY gives the type of reaction that
        takes place and its reaction conditions?

                     TYPE OF REACTION             REACTION CONDITIONS
        A                 Addition               Excess H2O + acid as catalyst
        B                 Addition                   Pt, Pd or Ni as catalyst
        C               Substitution             Dilute strong base + mild heat
        D               Substitution                Excess H2O + mild heat                  (2)

 1.4    The activation energy for a certain reaction is 70 kJ.moℓ-1. Energy is released
        when this reaction takes place.

        Which ONE of the following is correct for the reverse reaction?

                     Activation Energy (EA)     Heat of Reaction (H)
        A                EA < 70 kJ.moℓ-1               H > 0
        B                EA < 70 kJ.moℓ-1               H < 0
        C                EA > 70 kJ.moℓ-1               H < 0
        D                EA > 70 kJ.moℓ-1               H > 0                              (2)

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### Page 4

Physical Sciences/P2                                  4                          NW/June 2024
                                                  Grade 12

 1.5    The following reaction has reached equilibrium in a closed container at a
        temperature of 359 K:

                            4NH3(g) + 5O2(g) ⇋ 4NO(g) + 6H2O(g) + energy

        Which ONE of the following will increase the equilibrium concentration of NH3?

        A               Add a catalyst.
        B               Remove NO(g) from the container.
        C               Increase the volume of the container.
        D               The temperature is increased to 400 K.                              (2)

 1.6    Which ONE of the following graphs shows the mass of a catalyst against time
        at the end of the chemical reaction?

         A                                               B

             Mass (g)                                        Mass (g)

                                       Time (s)                            Time (s)
         C                                               D

             Mass (g)                                           Mass (g)

                                      Time (s)                             Time (s)
                                                                                            (2)

 1.7    At a temperature of 150°C substances A(g) and B(s) are placed in a closed
        container. The concentration of A(g) is 0,0002 mol.dm-3 at equilibrium.
        Equal amounts of P(g) and Q(g) are formed.
        The Kc value = 0,123
        The equilibrium concentrations of P and Q will be …

        A               1,57 x 10 -2mol.dm-3
        B               2,46 x 10 -4mol.dm-3
        C               1,23 x 10 -4mol.dm-3
        D               4,92 x 10 -4mol.dm-3                                                (2)

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Physical Sciences/P2                            5                                NW/June 2024
                                            Grade 12

 1.8    Which ONE of the following is a conjugate acid-base pair in the following
        reaction?

                 CH3COOH + NH3                 CH3COO- + NH4+

                           ACID                 CONJUGATE BASE
        A                  NH3                       NH4+
        B                CH3COO-                     NH4+
        C                CH3COOH                      NH3
        D                CH3COOH                    CH3COO-                               (2)

 1.9    A weak acid HA dissociates in aqueous solution as shown below.

                 HA (aq)    ⇋ H+(aq) + A-(aq)            H = + 20 kJmoℓ-1

        Which ONE of the following changes will result in an increase in the [H +] of
        the solution?

        A        Addition of a little aqueous sodium hydroxide solution
        B        Raising the temperature of the solution
        C        Dissolving a little of the sodium salt,NaA, in the solution.
        D        Adding a catalyst to the solution                                        (2)

 1.10 Which ONE of the following solutions has the HIGHEST pH value?

        A        0,1 mol·dm-3 Mg(OH)2
        B        0,1 mol·dm-3 NH3
        C        0,1 mol·dm-3 HCℓ
        D        0,1 mol·dm-3 H2SO4                                                       (2)
                                                                                          [20]

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Physical Sciences/P2                             6                            NW/June 2024
                                             Grade 12

 QUESTION 2 (Start on a new page)

 Study the following organic compounds, represented by the letters A to I in the
 table below:

           A         2-methylpropane     F

           B             Butane         G

           C             C2H3Br          H     HC           CH
                                                        H   H        O

           D           Butan-1-ol        I      H       C   C    O   C   H

                                                        H   H

           E           Butan-2-ol

 2.1    Write down the letter(s) that represent(s) the following:

        2.1.1    Two compounds that are CHAIN ISOMERS.                               (1)

        2.1.2    A PRIMARY alcohol.                                                  (1)

        2.1.3    A weak MONOPROTIC ACID                                              (1)

 2.2    Compound G is a hydrocarbon.

        2.2.1    Define the term hydrocarbon.                                        (2)

        2.2.2    Is compound G SATURATED or UNSATURATED?

                 Give a reason for your answer.                                      (3)

        2.2.3    Write down the IUPAC name of compound G.                            (2)

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Physical Sciences/P2                          7                              NW/June 2024
                                          Grade 12

 2.3    Write down the NAME of the homologous series to which compound C
        belongs.                                                         (2)

 2.4    Compound I is the product of an esterification reaction.

        Write down the:

        2.4.1    IUPAC name for compound I                                          (2)

        2.4.2    STRUCTURAL formula of the alcohol from which
                 compound I is synthesized                                          (2)

        2.4.3    IUPAC name of the carboxylic acid from which it is synthesized     (2)

 2.5    The table contains compounds which are functional isomers.

        2.5.1    Define the term functional isomers.                                (2)

        2.5.2    Write down the LETTERS that represent two compounds that are
                 functional isomers.                                                (2)
                                                                                    [22]

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Physical Sciences/P2                          8                           NW/June 2024
                                          Grade 12

 QUESTION 3 (Start on a new page.)

 A student performs an experiment to compare the boiling points of organic
 compounds belonging to different homologous series.
 Butan-1-ol, butanoic acid and butanal are used.
 He then recorded the results on the table given below.

                         Name                   Boiling point (0 C)
                       Compound A                       76
                       Compound B                      118
                       Compound C                      164

 3.1    Define the term vapour pressure                                         (2)

 3.2    For this experiment give the:

        3.2.1    Independent variable                                           (1)

        3.2.2    Dependent variable                                             (1)

 3.3    Is the boiling point of butan-1-ol HIGHER or LOWER than the
        boiling point of propan-1-ol? Explain the answer by referring to the
        INTERMOLECULAR FORCES.                                               (3)

 3.4    Write down the STRUCTURAL FORMULA for the FUNCTIONAL group of:

        3.4.1    Compound A                                                     (2)

        3.4.2    Compound C                                                     (2)

 3.5    Is the vapour pressure of butanal be LOWER or HIGHER than the vapour
        pressure of butan-1-ol? Explain your answer by referring to the type of
        INTERMOLECULAR FORCES present and ENERGY.                               (4)
                                                                                [15]

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Physical Sciences/P2                          9                                 NW/June 2024
                                          Grade 12

 QUESTION 4 (Start on a new page)

 Consider the following organic reactions I to IV involving organic compounds
 A to E.

                              UV light
           I     A + Br2                 B + HBr

                 B + concentrated alcoholic KOH → C + KBr + H2O
           II

           III

                           600 (0C)
                           Catalyst
          IV
                     A                   C4H10 + E

 4.1    For the above reactions, write down the type of:

        4.1.1    Reaction I                                                           (1)

        4.1.2    Reaction III                                                         (1)

        4.1.3    Reaction IV                                                          (1)

 4.2    Write down the IUPAC name for compound D.                                     (2)

 4.3    Write the molecular formula for each of the following:

        4.3.1    Compound A                                                           (2)

        4.3.2    Compound E                                                           (2)

 4.4    Draw the structural formula of compound B.                                    (2)

 4.5    Write down the balanced chemical equation for complete COMBUSTION
        of C4H10 using MOLECULAR FORMULAE.                                (3)

 4.6    For Reaction II

        4.6.1    Draw the STRUCTURAL FORMULA of compound C                            (2)

        4.6.2    State TWO reaction conditions.                                       (2)
                                                                                      [18]

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Physical Sciences/P2                           10                                NW/June 2024
                                            Grade 12

 QUESTION 5 (Start on a new page.)

 5.1    A group of learners uses the reaction of hydrochloric acid with magnesium ribbon
        to investigate the factors that influence rate of reaction.

        The balanced equation for the reaction is given below:

                Mg(s) + 2HCℓ (ag)         MgCℓ2(ag) + H2(g)

        The hydrochloric acid is in EXCESS, and the same mass of magnesium is used
        in ALL the experiments.

                                           REACTION CONDITIONS
          Experiment                                                  State of division
                          Concentration of           Temperature
                                                                          of 0,24g
                          HCℓ(ag)(mol.dm-3)             (0C)
                                                                        Magnesium
                                                     Before   After
                1                   2                  35      57         Powder
                2                   2                  30      48          Ribbon
                3                   2                  20      33          Ribbon
                4                   1,5                30      45          Ribbon

        5.1.1    Define the term rate of reaction.                                             (2)

        5.1.2    In which experiment is the reaction rate HIGHEST? Explain your answer. (3)

 5.2    The reaction in Experiment 2 is compared to the reaction in Experiment 4.

        5.2.1    Write down ONE control variable for this comparison.                          (1)

        5.2.2    How does the amount of hydrogen gas produced in Experiment 2
                 compare to the amount produced in Experiment 4 if the same volume of
                 acid is used in both experiments?

                 Write down only HIGHER THAN, SMALLER THAN or EQUAL TO.

                 Give a reason for your answer.                                                (2)

 5.3    Give a reason why it is not a fair test to compare the rate of reaction of
        Experiment 1 with that of Experiment 3.                                    (1)

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Physical Sciences/P2                          11                                 NW/June 2024
                                           Grade 12

 5.4    Calculate the mass of hydrochloric acid that remains in the flask at the
        completion of the reaction in Experiment 1 if the initial volume of the hydrochloric
        acid is 80 cm3.                                                                      (7)

 5.5    The Maxwell-Boltzman distribution curves labelled P, Q and R for the reactions
        in experiments 1, 2 and 3 in random order are shown below.

                                                                Kinetic energy

        5.5.1    Write down the name of the label, Y, on the vertical axis.                   (1)

        5.5.2    Which curve (Q, P or R) represents the results of Experiment 3?              (1)

        5.5.3    With the aid of the collision theory explain the effect of TEMPERATURE
                 on reaction rate.                                                      (4)
                                                                                        [22]

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Physical Sciences/P2                        12                                 NW/June 2024
                                         Grade 12

 QUESTION 6 (Start on a new page)

        Consider the following balanced chemical equation:

        CH4(g) + 2O2(g) ⇌ CO2(g) + 2H2O(ℓ)                 Δ H = - 216,7 kJ·moℓ-1

        The graph below shows the potential energy against the course of this reaction.

 6.1    Define the term activation energy.                                                  (2)

 6.2    Is the reaction Endothermic or Exothermic? Give a reason for the answer.            (3)

 6.3    What do the following sections of the graph represents?

        6.3.1    RP                                                                         (1)

        6.3.2    QP                                                                         (1)

 6.4    Determine BY CALCULATION the value of X.                                            (3)

 6.5    What effect will the addition of suitable catalyst to the reaction mixture have on
        the activation energy of the reaction? Choose from INCREASES, DECREASES
        or NO EFFECT.                                                                      (1)
                                                                                           [11]

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Physical Sciences/P2                            13                             NW/June 2024
                                             Grade 12

 QUESTION 7 (Start on a new page.)

 Consider the reaction represented by the balance equation below.

                          4HCℓ(g) + O2(g)     2H2O(g) + 2Cℓ2(g)   ∆H < 0

 Initially 1,5 mole of HCℓ(g) and 2 mole of O 2(g) were mixed in a sealed 5 dm3
 container which had 18g of H2O(g). The reaction reached equilibrium after 20
 minutes at 600°C and 0.6 mole of Cℓ2(g) was present in the container.

 7.1     Define the term chemical equilibrium.                                       (2)

 7.2     How does the rate of forward reaction compare to the rate of the reverse
         reaction after 10 minutes? Choose from HIGHER THAN, LOWER THAN
         or EQUAL TO.                                                             (1)

 7.3     Calculate the value of Kc at 600°C                                          (8)

 7.4     State Le Chatelier’s principle                                              (2)

 7.5     The volume of the container is now decreased to 2,5 dm3 while the
         temperature is kept constant.
         How will each of the following be affected? Choose from INCREASES,
         DECREASES or REMAINS THE SAME.

         7.5.1       The value of Kc                                                 (1)

         7.5.2       The mass of Cℓ2(g) in the container.                            (1)

 7.6     Explain your answer to QUESTION 7.5.2 by referring to Le Chatelier’s
         Principle                                                            (2)

 7.7     The temperature of the container is now increased, and equilibrium is re-
         established

         7.7.1       How does the new value of Kc at this temperature compare to the
                     one obtained at 600°C? Choose from HIGHER THAN, LOWER
                     THAN or EQUAL TO                                                (1)

         7.7.2       Explain the answer to QUESTION 7.7.1 by referring to Le
                     Chatelier’s Principle                                   (2)
                                                                             [20]

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Physical Sciences/P2                          14                                  NW/June 2024
                                           Grade 12

 QUESTION 8 (Start on a new page.)

 A group of learners use 35 cm3 standard solution of 0,1 mol.dm-3 sodium
 hydroxide solution to standardize an oxalic acid solution of volume 40 cm3.
 At the endpoint, 12 cm3 of the sodium hydroxide remains unreacted.

 8.1    Define a standard solution                                                      (2)

 The net ionic equation is given below:

                C2H2O4 + 2 OH-         ⇌ C2O42- + 2H2O

 8.2    Identify the conjugate acid-base pairs                                          (4)

 8.3    Is oxalic acid a weak or a strong acid? Explain the answer                      (3)

 8.4    H2CO3 undergoes ionisation in a TWO step process as shown below:

        I    H2CO3 + H2O ⇌ HCO3- +H3O+

        II   HCO3- + H2O ⇌      X + H3O+

        8.4.1    Identify a substance in the above reactions that can act as an
                 ampholyte.                                                     (2)

        8.4.2    Write down the formula of the substance(s) that is represented by
                 X in reaction II                                                  (2)

 8.5    A sulphuric acid solution is prepared by dissolving 5,25 g of H 2SO4 in
        250 cm3of water.

        Calculate the following:

        8.5.1    The number of moles of sulphuric acid in the original standard
                 solution.                                                      (4)

        8.5.2    pH of the solution.                                                    (5)
                                                                                        [22]

                                                                            TOTAL: 150

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Physical Sciences/P2                                          1                                              NW/June 2024
                                                          Grade 12

                             DATA FOR PHYSICAL SCIENCES GRADE 12
                                     PAPER 2 (CHEMISTRY)

                       GEGEWENS VIR FISIESE WETENSKAPPE GRAAD 12
                                  VRAESTEL 2 (CHEMIE)

TABLE 1: PHYSICAL CONSTANTS/TABEL 1: FISIESE KONSTANTES

         NAME/NAAM                              SYMBOL/SIMBOOL                          VALUE/WAARDE
 Standard pressure
 Standaarddruk
                                                             p                           1,013 x 105 Pa
 Molar gas volume at STP
                                                             Vm                            22,4 dm3∙mol-1
 Molêre gasvolume by STD
 Standard temperature
 Standaardtemperatuur                                         T                                  273 K
 Charge on electron
                                                              e                                -1,6 x 10-19 C
 Lading op electron
 Avogadro's constant
                                                             NA                          6,02 x 1023 mol-1
 Avogadro-konstante

TABLE 2: FORMULAE/TABEL 2: FORMULES

      m                                                         N
 n                                                        n
      M                                                         NA
      n                               m                         V
 c              or/of           c                        n
      V                               MV                        Vm
 c a v a na
                                                          pH = -log[H3O+]
 c b v b nb

 Kw = [H3O+][OH-] = 1 x 10-14 at/by 298 K

 Eθcell  Eθcathode  Eθanode / Eθsel  Ekatode
                                         θ
                                                 Eθanode

 or/of
 Eθcell  Ereduction
           θ
                      Eθoxidation / Eθsel  Ereduksie
                                              θ
                                                        Eθoksidasie

 or/of
                                          agent / Esel  Eoksideermi ddel  Ereduseermi ddel
                                                   θ      θ                  θ
 E θcell  E θoxidising agent  Ereducing
                                 θ

      𝑄                            𝑄
 n=𝑒                         n=𝑞
                                      𝑒

 q = I∆t

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Physical Sciences/P2       2      NW/June 2024
                       Grade 12

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### Page 17

Physical Sciences/P2                                                                                                    3                             NW/June 2024
                                                                                                                    Grade 12

                                                                                              TABLE 4A: STANDARD REDUCTION POTENTIALS
                                                                                              TABEL 4A: STANDAARD-REDUKSIEPOTENSIALE
                                                                                                  Half-reactions/Halfreaksies              Eθ (V)
                                                                                                      F2(g) + 2e ⇌ 2F                    + 2,87
                                                                                                        Co3+ + e ⇌ Co2+                   + 1,81
                                                                                                 H2O2 + 2H+ +2e ⇌ 2H2O                    +1,77
                                                                                                   
                                                                                               MnO 4 + 8H+ + 5e ⇌ Mn + 4H2O
                                                                                                                      2+
                                                                                                                                           + 1,51
                                                                                                     Cℓ2(g) + 2e ⇌ 2Cℓ                   + 1,36
                                                                                                 2                            3+
                                                                                            Cr2O 7  + 14H + 6e+         ⇌ 2Cr + 7H2O       + 1,33
                                                                                                O2(g) + 4H+ + 4e       ⇌   2H2O           + 1,23
                                                                                                MnO2 + 4H+ + 2e        ⇌   Mn2+ + 2H2O    + 1,23
                                                                                                        Pt2+ + 2e      ⇌   Pt             + 1,20
                                                                                                      Br2(ℓ) + 2e      ⇌   2Br           + 1,07

                                                                                                                                                       Increasing strength of reducing agents/Toenemende sterkte van reduseermiddels
                                                                                                      

           Increasing strength of oxidising agents/Toenemende sterkte van oksideermiddels
                                                                                                NO 3 + 4H+ + 3e ⇌ NO(g) + 2H2O            + 0,96
                                                                                                      Hg2+ + 2e ⇌ Hg(ℓ)                   + 0,85
                                                                                                        Ag+ + e ⇌ Ag                      + 0,80
                                                                                                          
                                                                                                 NO 3 + 2H+ + e ⇌          NO2(g) + H2O   + 0,80
                                                                                                         Fe3+ + e ⇌        Fe 2+
                                                                                                                                           + 0,77
                                                                                                O2(g) + 2H+ + 2e ⇌         H2O2           + 0,68
                                                                                                          I2 + 2e ⇌        2I            + 0,54
                                                                                                         Cu+ + e ⇌         Cu             + 0,52
                                                                                                 SO2 + 4H+ + 4e ⇌          S + 2H2O       + 0,45
                                                                                                 2H2O + O2 + 4e ⇌          4OH           + 0,40
                                                                                                       Cu2+ + 2e ⇌         Cu             + 0,34
                                                                                                 2
                                                                                              SO 4      + 4H+ + 2e     ⇌ SO2(g) + 2H2O    + 0,17
                                                                                                          Cu2+ + e     ⇌   Cu +
                                                                                                                                           + 0,16
                                                                                                         Sn4+ + 2e     ⇌   Sn2+           + 0,15
                                                                                                      S + 2H+ + 2e     ⇌   H2S(g)         + 0,14
                                                                                                          2H+ + 2e     ⇌   H2(g)           0,00
                                                                                                         Fe3+ + 3e     ⇌   Fe              0,06
                                                                                                         Pb2+ + 2e                         0,13

                                          oksiderende vermoë
                                                                                                                        ⇌   Pb
                                                                                                         Sn2+ + 2e     ⇌   Sn              0,14
                                                                                                          Ni2+ + 2e    ⇌   Ni              0,27
                                                                                                         Co2+ + 2e     ⇌   Co              0,28
                                                                                                         Cd2+ + 2e     ⇌   Cd              0,40
                                                                                                           Cr3+ + e    ⇌   Cr2+            0,41
                                                                                                         Fe2+ + 2e     ⇌   Fe              0,44
                                                                                                          Cr3+ + 3e    ⇌   Cr              0,74
                                                                                                         Zn2+ + 2e     ⇌   Zn              0,76
                                                                                                        2H2O + 2e      ⇌   H2(g) + 2OH    0,83
                                                                                                          Cr2+ + 2e    ⇌   Cr              0,91
                                                                                                         Mn2+ + 2e     ⇌   Mn              1,18
                                                                                                          Aℓ3+ + 3e    ⇌   Aℓ              1,66
                                                                                                         Mg2+ + 2e     ⇌   Mg              2,36
                                                                                                           Na+ + e     ⇌   Na              2,71
                                                                                                         Ca2+ + 2e     ⇌   Ca              2,87
                                                                                                          Sr2+ + 2e    ⇌   Sr              2,89
                                                                                                         Ba2+ + 2e     ⇌   Ba              2,90
                                                                                                            Cs+ + e-    ⇌   Cs             - 2,92
                                                                                                             K+ + e    ⇌   K               2,93
                                                                                                            Li+ + e    ⇌   Li              3,05
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### Page 18

Physical Sciences/P2                                                                                                                 4                                                                                               NW/June 2024
                                                                                                                                 Grade 12

                                                                                               TABLE 4B: STANDARD REDUCTION POTENTIALS
                                                                                               TABEL 4B: STANDAARD-REDUKSIEPOTENSIALE

                                                                                                           Half-reactions/Halfreaksies                   Eθ (V)
                                                                                                                 Li+ + e         ⇌   Li                  3,05
                                                                                                                  K+ + e         ⇌   K                   2,93
                                                                                                                Cs+ + e          ⇌   Cs                  2,92
                                                                                                              Ba2+ + 2e          ⇌   Ba                  2,90
                                                                                                               Sr2+ + 2e         ⇌   Sr                  2,89
                                                                                                              Ca2+ + 2e          ⇌   Ca                  2,87
                                                                                                                Na+ + e          ⇌   Na                  2,71
                                                                                                              Mg2+ + 2e          ⇌   Mg                  2,36
                                                                                                               Aℓ3+ + 3e         ⇌   Aℓ                  1,66

              Increasing strength of oxidising agents/Toenemende sterkte van oksideermiddels                                                                      Increasing strength of reducing agents/Toenemende sterkte van reduseermiddels
                                                                                                              Mn2+ + 2e          ⇌   Mn                  1,18
                                                                                                              Cr2+ + 2e          ⇌   Cr                  0,91
                                                                                                             2H2O + 2e           ⇌   H2(g) + 2OH        0,83
                                                                                                              Zn2+ + 2e          ⇌   Zn                  0,76
                                                                                                              Cr3+ + 3e          ⇌   Cr                  0,74
                                                                                                              Fe2+ + 2e          ⇌   Fe                  0,44
                                                                                                                Cr3+ + e         ⇌   Cr2+                0,41
                                                                                                              Cd2+ + 2e          ⇌   Cd                  0,40
                                                                                                              Co2+ + 2e          ⇌   Co                  0,28
                                                                                                               Ni2+ + 2e         ⇌   Ni                  0,27
                                                                                                              Sn2+ + 2e          ⇌   Sn                  0,14
                                                                                                              Pb2+ + 2e          ⇌   Pb                  0,13
                                                                                                              Fe3+ + 3e          ⇌   Fe                  0,06
                                                                                                               2H+ + 2e          ⇌   H2(g)               0,00
                                                                                                           S + 2H+ + 2e          ⇌   H2S(g)             + 0,14
                                                                                                              Sn4+ + 2e          ⇌   Sn2+               + 0,15
                                                                                                               Cu2+ + e          ⇌   Cu+                + 0,16
                                                                                                           2
                                                                                                   SO 4 + 4H+ + 2e               ⇌   SO2(g) + 2H2O      + 0,17
                                                                                                          Cu2+ + 2e              ⇌   Cu                 + 0,34
                                                                                                    2H2O + O2 + 4e               ⇌   4OH               + 0,40
                                                                                                    SO2 + 4H+ + 4e               ⇌   S + 2H2O           + 0,45
                                                                                                            Cu+ + e              ⇌   Cu                 + 0,52
                                                                                                             I2 + 2e             ⇌   2I                + 0,54
                                                                                                   O2(g) + 2H+ + 2e              ⇌   H2O2               + 0,68
                                                                                                            Fe3+ + e             ⇌   Fe2+               + 0,77
                                                                                                                
                                                                                                    NO 3 + 2H+ + e               ⇌   NO2(g) + H2O       + 0,80
                                                                                                                     Ag+ + e     ⇌   Ag                 + 0,80
                                                                                                                    Hg2+ + 2e    ⇌   Hg(ℓ)              + 0,85
                                                                                                           
                                                                                                   NO 3 + 4H+ + 3e               ⇌   NO(g) + 2H2O       + 0,96
                                                                                                                                           
                                                                                                         Br2(ℓ) + 2e              ⇌   2Br                + 1,07
                                                                                                          Pt2+ + 2 e             ⇌   Pt                 + 1,20
                                                                                                   MnO2 + 4H+ + 2e               ⇌   Mn2+ + 2H2O        + 1,23
                                                                                                   O2(g) + 4H+ + 4e              ⇌   2H2O               + 1,23
                                                                                                      2
                                                                                                 Cr2O 7 + 14H+ + 6e              ⇌   2Cr3+ + 7H2O       + 1,33
                                                                                                         Cℓ2(g) + 2e             ⇌   2Cℓ               + 1,36
                                                                                                                                        2+
                                                                                                  MnO 4 + 8H+ + 5e               ⇌   Mn        + 4H2O   + 1,51
                                                                                                                       +         ⇌   2H2O               +1,77
                                                                                                   H2O2 + 2H +2 e
                                                                                                          Co3+ + e               ⇌   Co2+               + 1,81
                                                                                                         F2(g) + 2e              ⇌   2F                + 2,87

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