# Religion Studies Grade 12 P2 NSC November 2025 Memo (Eng) > Grade 12 Religion Studies Paper 2 memorandum from the NSC November Exam 2025 (English), 17 pages. Read online or download the free PDF. - Page: https://www.hlayiso.com/library/grade-12-religion-studies-2025-nsc-november-exam-memorandum-paper-2/8e2ca2a7-fe98-4374-9db4-29400645b52f - Updated: 2026-09-28 - Subject: Religion Studies - Grade: Grade 12 - Document type: Memorandum - Year: 2025 - Exam period: NSC November Exam - Paper: 2 - Curriculum: CAPS - Pages: 17 Breadcrumbs: [Home](https://www.hlayiso.com/) › [Library](https://www.hlayiso.com/library) › [Grade 12](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/grade-12) › [Religion Studies](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/grade-12/religion-studies) › [Religion Studies Grade 12 P2 NSC November 2025 Memo (Eng)](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/grade-12-religion-studies-2025-nsc-november-exam-memorandum-paper-2/8e2ca2a7-fe98-4374-9db4-29400645b52f) ## About this document Religion Studies · Grade 12 · NSC November Exam · 2025. Memorandum, 17 pages. Read online or download the PDF. Read it free online on the page above; download the PDF from there. ## Document text Text extracted from the PDF. Layout, diagrams and tables may not survive extraction. ### Page 1 NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 12 RELIGION STUDIES P2 NOVEMBER 2025 MARKING GUIDELINES MARKS: 150 These marking guidelines consist of 17 pages. Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 2 Religion Studies/P2 2 DBE/November 2025 NSC – Marking guidelines QUESTION 1 1.1 1.1.1 • Peer pressure • Children are easily influenced by others either in a positive or negative way. • Poverty • Children are easily tempted by money. As a result, they are used by drug dealers to sell drugs at school. • Poor management systems • Schools that do not have effective safety policies and codes of conduct do experience more problems of substance abuse. • Form of entertainment • Children get involved in drugs as a form of entertainment. • Lack of security • Most schools do not have a tight security. Premises are easily accessible to drug peddlers. • Lack of parental guidance • Poor parenting contributes towards bad behaviour of children including substance abuse. Add: Family problems and unstable home environment • -Learners from homes with domestic violence, neglect or absent parents may turn to substance abuse as a coping mechanism. NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. If the causes are merely named, award a maximum of FOUR marks. (8) 1.1.2 • Drug addicts become a burden to both the school and family. • School performance is negatively affected due to high rate of bunking of classes and absenteeism. • Learners who are involved in substance abuse end-up being dropouts. • Cases of theft, bullying and vandalism are frequently reported at schools. These crimes are fuelled by substance abuse. • Some of the cases of teenage pregnancy reported are linked to substance abuse. • The state spends much money on renovating or refurbishing schools due to vandalism caused by drug addicts. • Most of the cases of conflict between teachers and learners are due to substance abuse. • Learners who abuse drugs can be violent towards other learners and teachers. NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (10) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 3 Religion Studies/P2 3 DBE/November 2025 NSC – Marking guidelines 1.2 YES • People who use other forms of substances will turn to dagga because it is legalised and regulated. • It will be easy to identify and rehabilitate people who abuse the drug. • Legalised drugs can be used for therapeutic purposes under strict supervision. • Legalised drugs could also be used for personal and industrial purposes, in a controlled environment. • When a drug is legalised, its consumption can be monitored. • Abuse of the drug is more readily identified and the person can receive support from appropriate authorities. • Users of the drug(s) can be targeted by authorities for counselling. • The thrill of 'defying authority' will be removed. • Negative peer pressure will be removed as using drugs will no longer be illegal. • Since substance abuse will be closely monitored, the abuse will decline over time. • Taxes raised from the sale of drugs can be used to promote abstinence. NO • Tobacco and alcohol are both drugs that are legalised, yet addiction and abuse of these substances still continues. • Increased availability could lead to more drug- related accidents or incidents. • It might strain healthcare systems with drug related health issues. • Like dagga, tobacco and alcohol serve as gateway drugs to more dangerous drugs. • Once legalised, drugs will be openly advertised and abuse will increase. • It will be considered 'cool' to use drugs, and more people will be addicted. • Young children will have easier access to legalised drugs. NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (10) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 4 Religion Studies/P2 4 DBE/November 2025 NSC – Marking guidelines 1.3 EXAMPLE 1: BUDDHISM • Substance abuse interferes with meditation and meditation is very crucial in Buddhism, as it helps to get insight and wisdom. • In Buddhism, sobriety of the mind is highly promoted. • The Buddha taught that living a moral life would bring about self- discipline and self-control. That is necessary to stop the desire for drugs. • Right mindfulness is important in reaching enlightenment, which is the highest goal of Buddhism. • Buddhism teaches that individuals must uncover the truth about the human experience that lies within themselves and prohibits people from using any mind-altering drugs. • Substance abuse is condemned because it hinders one from reaching enlightenment. It is on this basis that in Buddhism, substance abuse is prohibited. • Buddhism also condemns any substance that may harm the body. • The Buddha taught that only by following the Eightfold Path can humans become non-attached and free themselves from the painful experience of rebirth. Drug abuse is one example of the painful experience of attachment. NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. EXAMPLE 2: CHRISTIANITY • 'And do not get drunk with wine in which lies debauchery, but be filled with the Spirit'. (Eph. 5:18) • This means that substance abuse causes one to be vulnerable to any form of bad behaviour. • 'Do you not know that your body is a temple of the Holy Spirit within you, whom you have from God, and that you are not your own. (I Cor. 6:19) • This means that one must respect his/her own body as a holy temple dedicated to God. • 'Why spend money on what is not bread and your labour on what does not satisfy?' (Isaiah 55:2) • This means that spending money on drugs has no benefit, and that drugs are not an essential expense. All those who keep their body holy must abstain from any form of substance abuse. • 'Occasions of envy, drinking bouts, orgies, and like. I warn you, as I warn you before, that those who do such things will not inherit the kingdom of God.' (Gal. 5:21) • All those who are involved in substance abuse will not enter the kingdom of God, so substance abuse is sin. 'Wine is arrogant, strong drink is riotous.' (Prov. 20:1) • Substance abuse is forbidden as it causes the individual to be arrogant and violent. Woe to those who are heroes at drinking wine and champions at mixing drinks.' (Isaiah 5:22) • The prophet warns people about the danger of liquor. (12) NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 5 Religion Studies/P2 5 DBE/November 2025 NSC – Marking guidelines 1.4 • Religious organisations must encourage youth to participate in health and sport programmes. • Those who are addicted must be helped and sent for rehabilitation if its uncontrollable. • Religious communities must hold workshops for substance abuse awareness. • They must address congregants/followers and explain the dangers of substance abuse. • Relevant religious teachings must be emphasised. • Religious organisations must work hand in hand with SAPS to conduct unannounced random search in society e.g. schools. • They must report drug lords to the police since the drug lords live within the community. • The organisations must also invite former addicts to workshops so that the community can learn first-hand information of the harmful consequences of substance abuse. • Encourage youth debates in communities where the youth will debate solutions to drug abuse. • Religious organisations must approach the local municipality and health department to establish a rehabilitation centre to help those who are affected. • They must demand that in every police station there should be an alcohol and drug abuse desk, funded by provincial and local government. NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (10) [50] QUESTION 2 2.1 2.1.1 EXAMPLE 1: AFRICAN TRADITIONAL RELIGION (ATR) • Reward and punishment in ATR occur in the present life, not after death. • The living dead/ancestors are believed to be able to punish evildoers and reward those who do good. • Punishment from the living dead comes in various forms of affliction. • The person experiencing these afflictions is said to have 'bad blood'. • The remedy for bad blood is an appropriate form of cleansing, which is intended to appease the living dead. • The traditional healer holds the ritual for the cleansing of bad blood. • Those who venerate the ancestors are rewarded by prosperity and good life. Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 6 Religion Studies/P2 6 DBE/November 2025 NSC – Marking guidelines EXAMPLE 2: ISLAM • Islam teaches that reward and punishment exist in the present world and after death. • On the Day of Judgment all humanity will be resurrected to be judged by Allah. • Those who believe in Allah and have fulfilled their obligations to the Creator, as well as to humanity, will be rewarded and admitted to paradise. • Those who deny the existence of Allah will be punished and consigned to hell. • Those who believed but failed to fulfil their obligations, will be either forgiven or punished in accordance with the nature of their wrongdoing. • The giving of alms to the poor is said to bring a person closer to Allah and will be rewarded with Allah's mercy and kindness. NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. The candidate may be credited a maximum of SIX marks for either (10) reward or punishment. 2.1.2 EXAMPLE 1: AFRICAN TRADITIONAL RELIGION (ATR) • In African Traditional Religion, evil is seen as the result of displeasing the ancestors or excluding them from important events in the family. • It is also believed that there are people, such as sorcerers and witches, who possess superhuman powers that can harm others. • In African Traditional Religion, a witch is an evil being who has supernatural powers to cause harm to others. • Evil causes human beings to act in a way that is against the ethical principles of protecting and promoting life. • This evil may take many forms, such as ignoring the living dead and their wishes. • Doing harm to others is the role of evil, e.g. using witchcraft. • The wilful disturbance and disruption of the communal and cosmic order is also the role of evil. Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 7 Religion Studies/P2 7 DBE/November 2025 NSC – Marking guidelines EXAMPLE 2: ISLAM • Evil is linked with Satan, or the devil. • Allah created Adam, the first man, and commanded all of creation to bow before him. • Satan refused to bow, claiming that he was better than Adam because he was created from fire whereas Adam was created from clay. • This pride led to Satan's fall from grace and he vowed that forever after he would do all in his power to mislead people and dissuade them from obeying God. • Every individual is obliged to avoid what is haram (unlawful) because of its serious legal and moral consequences. • Allah has created human beings with free will that they can exercise. • Our use of free will produces either good or evil. • We can be influenced to do evil by our own desires or tempted to do evil by the devil. • If we regret our evil deeds and seek Allah's pardon, we can hope for His mercy and compassion. NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (10) The candidate may be credited a maximum of SIX marks for either origin or role. 2.2 • Rituals motivate and move us. Repeating the order is an important way in which the society or group imprints attitudes and beliefs on its followers. • Through rituals we build religious families and communities. Through taking part in the ceremonies people learn what actions to take and what to do with their bodies. • They deepen spiritual insight or understanding. • Rituals are a rite of passage that moves one from one stage of life to another. • Rituals gives one a sense of belonging • Rituals help to control our emotions, so that we come to terms with major events in life, e.g. death, initiation, marriage. • Rituals teaches group values and behaviour. During a ritual people learn who is important and who can speak, e.g. Intlabi. • They teach the way things are done. When a child is born each religion has a specific ritual that it performs. NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. Award a maximum of SIX marks where the candidate has written on only one religion. (10) 2.3 AFRICAN TRADITIONAL RELIGION (ATR) • Oral tradition still plays an important role in African Traditional Religion. • In African Traditional Religion the sacred text remains in the form of oral tradition. • Rituals are passed from one generation to another by word of mouth. Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 8 Religion Studies/P2 8 DBE/November 2025 NSC – Marking guidelines CHRISTIANITY • Oral tradition still runs parallel to the written text. • It provides more clarity than written texts, owing to the narrative style. • The teachings of Jesus Christ were first transmitted from generation to generation through word of mouth. (2 x 4) (8) NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. If a candidate has referred to only one religion, award a maximum of FOUR marks. 2.4 • Inspiration is an important normative source in many religions. • It is the true origin of all religions. • Inspiration refers to the power or force of an extraordinary being taking over a chosen being. • The founding figures of many religions were inspired by a higher power or wisdom. • Such people felt they received 'revelation' from an extraordinary being. • In African Traditional Religion the mediums or diviners receive inspiration while they are in a trance. • Inspiration is a powerful motivation for the followers of a religion. • There are several types of inspiration, namely: o Divine inspiration is direct and immediate, and it inspired the founders of religions. o Contemporary inspiration that is ongoing and serves to unite worshippers with their Creator. • Mediums and diviners in ATR communicate with the spiritual realm through inspiration. NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (12) [50] Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 9 Religion Studies/P2 9 DBE/November 2025 NSC – Marking guidelines QUESTION 3 3.1.1 • The establishment of the Parliament of the World's Religions took place in Chicago in 1893. • Its aim was to create a global dialogue of faiths. • In 1993 the Parliament was again held in Chicago to work together on world issues, as well as creating a declaration titled 'Towards a Global Ethic'. • In 1999 the Parliament in Cape Town highlighted the issue of HIV and Aids. • In 2004 the Parliament met in Barcelona, Spain, and focused on religious violence, safe water, refugees and eliminating external debt in developing countries. • In 2007 the focus was on the Millennium Development Goals for eradicating poverty. • In 2009 the Parliament met in Melbourne, Australia and dealt with aboriginal reconciliation, sustainability and global climate change. • The Parliament has always selected common social challenges, which has encouraged religions to work together. NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (12) 3.1.2 • Bringing together religious communities, civil society, private sector and governments (parliamentarians). • Sending interfaith delegations to conflict risk areas, for conflict resolution. • Establishing and registering national chapters. • Forming the IFAPA Women's Network. • Establishing regional Youth Networks. • Participating in the legislative election in Togo. • Participating in the World Social forum held in Kenya (2007). NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (10) 3.2.1 EXAMPLE 1: AFRICAN TRADITIONAL RELIGION (ATR) • AmaZulu • Aka (in Central Africa) • Yoruba (South West Nigeria) EXAMPLE 2: ISLAM • Sunni • Shi'a (4) 3.2.2 A EXAMPLE 1: AFRICAN TRADITIONAL RELIGION (ATR) AmaZulu Aka (in Central Africa) • The Aka believes in creator spirit called Bembe. • They believe that Bembe retired after the act of creation. • They believe in the forest spirt called Dzengi. • They believe that Dzengi assists them in the successful hunting of elephants. Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 10 Religion Studies/P2 10 DBE/November 2025 NSC – Marking guidelines Yoruba (South West Nigeria) • They believe that Oludumare is the creator spirit. • They believe that each human possesses a fate or destiny. • They also believe that life is cyclical (reincarnation) within their own species. • The aim of reincarnation is spiritual improvement. • They believe that the good spirits become one with Oludumare. EXAMPLE 2: ISLAM Sunni Muslims • The Hadith narrated by the companions of the Prophet have equal status to those narrated by his family members. • The Sunni branch believes that all teachings contained in the Books of Hadith are equally important. • They follow the teachings of Islamic scholars from the 7th and 8th centuries. • Sunnis do not believe that a caliph can come exclusively from the Prophet's family. • Sunnis use the term 'imam' to refer to a leader of a congregational prayer. Shi'a Muslims • They believe that the Hadith narrated by the companions of the Prophet have less significance than those narrated by his family members. • They follow only the teachings and opinions of a living scholar. • They believe that the last caliph from Prophets family was hidden in a cave and will one day reappear as leader. He is referred to as 'imam'. (8) B EXAMPLE 1: AFRICAN TRADITIONAL RELIGION (ATR) AmaZulu • They burn incense during communication with the ancestors. • When there is illness or misfortune, they consult the traditional healer or diviner. • UNomkhubulwane is approached through a pilgrimage to the mountains during natural disasters or drought. • They practise a 'brought back' ceremony where the deceased is established as an ancestor after a year. Aka (Central Africa) • They dance and sing in honour of Dzengi. • They slaughter animals in communication with the ancestors. • When they go for hunting they perform a ritual which involves animal slaughtering to communicate with the animal spirit. • They consult ngangas when taking difficult decisions. • When there is illness or crisis in the family or community, the ngangas (traditional healers) are consulted. Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 11 Religion Studies/P2 11 DBE/November 2025 NSC – Marking guidelines Yoruba • Religious practices focus on Ori Orun (spiritual self). • Spiritual contact is made via various intermediaries including Orishas (lesser divinities). • Each town has its own Orisha, and a temple dedicated to it. • Sincere meditation and veneration strengthens one's links with the spiritual realm. EXAMPLE 2: ISLAM Sunni • Religious practices are strictly in accordance with the sunnah of the Prophet, as laid down in the Hadith. • In Sunni Islam, an 'imam' is simply a leader of a congregational prayer. • Imam does not denote formal training in Sunni Islam. • Muttah (temporary marriage) is forbidden. Shi'a • Imams are only descendants of the Prophet Muhammad, who they believe to be divinely appointed. • The shrine of Hussein in Karbala is an important pilgrimage for the Shi'as. • Muttah (temporary marriage) is allowed. • They practise self-mutilation, for example at the commemoration of the tragedy of Karbala. • There are two schools of legal opinion – Akbar and Usuli. NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (8) C EXAMPLE 1: AFRICAN TRADITIONAL RELIGION (ATR) AmaZulu • Authority is arranged in a hierarchy (ranking of positions of authority with a chain of command from highest to lowest). • The king is the leader over the nation. • The authority of the king is delegated to lower ranks of the chiefs and the headmen. • The positions of the king and chiefs are based on genealogy (descent from one generation to another within the same family). • Families are grouped into clans. • The clan lays the foundation for how to worship and relate to one another. • At the clan level, the elderly people, both men and woman (ogogo nomkhulu), are the advisors of their respective clans. • In times of clan disputes, elders act as arbitrators (mediators who are accepted by both parties). • Aka • There are few Aka status positions. • There is no chief in the sense of a person commanding ultimate authority. There is a kombeti (leader), who is generally more influential in subsistence and camp movement discussions Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 12 Religion Studies/P2 12 DBE/November 2025 NSC – Marking guidelines • The nganga (top healer) provides community services like divination on hunts, curing of witchcraft, and herbal healing. • The tuma (elephant hunter) leads spear hunts, seasonal rituals, and organises the training of young boys in the men's secret society. • The status positions are usually held by males. • No individual has the right to force or order another individual to perform an activity against his/her will. Yoruba • There is a hierarchical king, known as the Oba, who governs with the council of chiefs. • The King's authority is delegated to the chiefs. • The chiefs further delegate their authority to the headman. • Paternal descendants (descendants from the fathers' side) live together under the authority of a headman. • Constituent towns have their own rulers who are subordinate to the Oba. • There are voluntary associations including the Egbe (humanitarian group). EXAMPLE 2: ISLAM Sunni • There is no clergy in Sunni Islam. • Any Muslim can serve on community boards. • Governance is community based. • Scholars of Islam (ulema) and community members (volunteers) serve on governing boards of mosques and madrassahs and schools. Shi'a • Shi'a Muslims revere the descendants of the Prophet Muhammad, and believe that they have divine right to lead Muslims. • Such a leader is referred to as 'imam'. • The final word in any uncertainty about any religious or political issues lies with the representative of the imam. • Governance is in the hands of mullahs (priests) who rule by religious decree. NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. In 3.2.2 a, b and c , award a maximum of SIX marks for either branch. (8) [50] Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 13 Religion Studies/P2 13 DBE/November 2025 NSC – Marking guidelines QUESTION 4 4.1 • The scientific explanation is called the theory of evolution. • It was developed by Charles Darwin in 1859. • The theory proposes that all life evolved from primitive forms and continues to adapt and evolve. • It asserts humans have evolved from an ancestor shared with apes. The theory of evolution, according to Charles Darwin, consists of the following ideas: o Species contain a great variety of minor differences. o In the fight for survival, better adapted variations will be favoured while those that are not fit will struggle to survive. o This applies to change in humans as well. o While humans and apes share a common ancestor, both evolved in different directions. o The process of change and adaption happened over a very long period of time. o This theory does not mention intervention by a divine being. (10) NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. 4.2 4.2.1 HINDUISM • Hinduism has no problem with the theory of evolution. • They believe that the universe is based on evolution. • They believe that they have a more advanced theory of evolution than the scientific one. • The scientific theory is limited. • It focuses only on the physical perspective of creation. • Hindus believe that humans have control over their spiritual and physical evolution. • Hindus believe that if one lives a good life one will evolve through many rebirths until one is physically and spiritually advanced. • Ultimately, one will achieve liberation from the physical existence and become one with God. • Hindus believe that there is an intelligent designer behind everything like evolution of humanity and of the universe. NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (12) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 14 Religion Studies/P2 14 DBE/November 2025 NSC – Marking guidelines 4.2.2 JUDAISM • Everything in the universe, including humans, was created by God as it is written in the holy book. • The story of Genesis explains how everything was created and should be accepted as literal truth. • According to creationism, there can be no doubt that God created the universe as part of His divine plan for humanity. • There is a strand of Jews that sees no contradiction between Judaism and evolution. • In this strand, Genesis is treated as a symbolic account of creation and interpreted in the light of evolution. • God is still the creator, but evolution uncovers some of the laws that govern the creation. • Orthodox Jews reject evolution. • They believe it contradicts the literal word of the scripture. • The Orthodox Jewish rejection of evolution is similar to the conservative or fundamentalist Christian rejection of it. (12) NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. 4.3 • The Big Bang theory teaches that there was an enormous explosion from which the different planets formed. • This happened about 13,7 billion years ago. • Small temperature differences in the initial explosion led to varying densities through the universe. • These eventually formed into clusters of matter and energy. • The clusters continued to condense in a lumpy way and formed the vast collection of stars called galaxy. • Some of the lumps in galaxies condensed into a combination of stars and planets. • Earth was formed about 4,5 billion years ago. • Traditional religions maintain that the universe was created perfect. • In Abrahamic religions the Creator is male. • At first, only the Creator exists. The Creator then makes the universe from nothing. • Abrahamic religions believe that God/Allah/Yahweh created the universe in six days. • For Hindus the Creator exists in either an active or passive state. • The passive state is a state of rest when nothing happens. • At rest, the universe has no form, is undifferentiated, and 'flat' all over. • Hinduism upholds both physical and spiritual evolution, but science is limited to physical evolution. (2 x 8) (16) NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. Even if the candidate refers to only one religion, award a maximum of eight marks for the religion aspect of the answer. [50] Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 15 Religion Studies/P2 15 DBE/November 2025 NSC – Marking guidelines QUESTION 5 5.1 • Secularism means a separation of power between state and religion. • In the 16th century, Martin Luther set in motion certain changes that led to the splintering of Christianity into Catholic and Protestant groups. • At the time the Church was very influential, both politically and socially. • Kings, emperors and nobility used the church to establish their power. In return, religious leaders also influenced rulers to promote their interpretation of beliefs. • Religion and politics were intertwined and wars continued. • People started to seek for a state where there would be religious tolerance. • Intellectuals of the time came to a conclusion that religion was divisive rather than uniting. • A government which was based purely on reasoning and on an understanding of human nature was then the solution. • The Prince of Orange was one of the first persons to advocate a split between church and state. • The government was divorced from religion and secularism came into being. NOTE: Any other relevant answers must be credited. (10) 5.2 ADVANTAGES • A secular worldview leads to the separation of religion and state. • Most religious people adapted to the secular view by accepting the separation of religion and the state. • It promotes freedom of conscience and belief. • Society has freedom to question the authority of religious teachers. • It prevents the domination of one religion over others. • Everyone has the right to express their opinions, ideas, or artistic creativity freely, as long as it doesn’t involve hate speech or incitement to violence. • DISADVANTAGES • People may undermine the role of religion. • People start leaving religions/religious practices/religious beliefs for secular views. • Religious leaders/authorities lose their influences over adherents. • Religions become less important when worldviews dominate. • It provides an alternative set of norms and values. • The conflicting values create confusion in society. • Religions appear outdated and unappealing to younger generations. • Institutions such as marriage and family life are seen as less important, since they were traditionally based on religious teachings. • People have turned against their original beliefs (religion). • Extremism or intolerance: Some individuals may misuse this freedom to promote extremist or discriminatory views. • Reverse discrimination claims, Efforts to promote equality (like employment equity policies) may be seen by some as unfair to other groups. (2 x 6) (12) NOTE: Any other relevant answers must be credited. Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 16 Religion Studies/P2 16 DBE/November 2025 NSC – Marking guidelines 5.3 EXAMPLE 1 • ATHEISM • AGNOSTICISM • Atheism denies the existence of • Agnosticism claims that it is not a Supreme Being. possible to prove or disprove the existence of a Supreme Being. • There are different degrees of • Some agnostics believe in a atheism, strong and soft. Supreme Being, but do not subscribe to any religion. • Strong atheists do not believe in • They reject religions that claim to any god. have exclusive knowledge of god(s). • Soft atheists are still open to the • The difference between them is in idea of a god. the degree of denial of a Supreme Being. EXAMPLE 2 • SECULAR HUMANISM • MATERIALISM • Secular humanism attaches • Materialism is a worldview that prime importance to humans, believes that matter is the only rather than divine matters. reality. • There are many different forms • Materialism is a concept used to of humanism, all having in describe human history in terms common a belief that attaches of dialectical materialism and prime importance to human historical materialism. intellect/reasoning. • Secular humanism developed in • Materialism is incompatible with the direction of a liberal view of religious worldviews, which are human rights. rooted in belief in either a deity or some kind of spiritual reality. • Secular humanism is not • Materialism denies the existence particularly anti religion. of a spiritual or a supernatural realm. (2 x 8) (16) NOTE: Any other relevant answers must be credited. Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 17 Religion Studies/P2 17 DBE/November 2025 NSC – Marking guidelines 5.4 • The country changed from being a Christian state to a secular state after 1994. • The Bill of Rights in the Constitution guarantees freedom of worship. • The constitution also states that no one may be discriminated against due to background, race, and religion. • The Interfaith Forum of South Africa (TIFSA) was formed in 1997 in order to promote respect, tolerance and understanding of all religions. • Religion Studies, a new subject which incorporates all religions and encourages cooperation between religions was introduced. • There is fair allocation of time in the state media for different religions. • The opening of parliament and government ceremonies are shared by different religious leaders. NOTE: Any other relevant answers must be credited. 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