# Information Technology Grade 12 P2 NSC November 2018 Memo > Grade 12 Information Technology Paper 2 memorandum from the NSC November Exam 2018 (English), 17 pages. Read online or download the free PDF. - Page: https://www.hlayiso.com/library/information-technology-p2-nov-2018-final-memo-eng/acf16a26-2be9-46b8-9ff1-ab3f7fe4dcf5 - Updated: 2026-09-27 - Subject: Information Technology - Grade: Grade 12 - Document type: Memorandum - Year: 2018 - Exam period: NSC November Exam - Paper: 2 - Curriculum: CAPS - Pages: 17 Breadcrumbs: [Home](https://www.hlayiso.com/) › [Library](https://www.hlayiso.com/library) › [Grade 12](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/grade-12) › [Information Technology](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/grade-12/information-technology) › [Information Technology Grade 12 P2 NSC November 2018 Memo](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/information-technology-p2-nov-2018-final-memo-eng/acf16a26-2be9-46b8-9ff1-ab3f7fe4dcf5) ## About this document Information Technology · Grade 12 · NSC November Exam · 2018. Memorandum, 17 pages. Read online or download the PDF. Read it free online on the page above; download the PDF from there. ## Document text Text extracted from the PDF. Layout, diagrams and tables may not survive extraction. ### Page 1 Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 12 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY P2 NOVEMBER 2018 MARKING GUIDELINES MARKS: 150 These marking guidelines consist of 17 pages. Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 2 Downloaded from hlayiso.com Information Technology/P2 2 DBE/November 2018 NSC – Marking Guidelines SECTION A: SHORT QUESTIONS QUESTION 1 1.1 1.1.1 D (1) 1.1.2 B (1) 1.1.3 D (1) 1.1.4 A  (2) 1.1.5 Faulty question – no possible answer 1.2 1.2.1 CMOS  (Also accept: BIOS, Firmware) (1) 1.2.2 Biometrics/Bio authentication/Any specific correct example such as Voice recognition, Face/Iris/Fingerprint-scanning  Do not accept: Digital fingerprint, only fingerprint/face/iris (1) 1.2.3 Digital signature  (1) 1.2.4 Utility  software (1) 1.2.5 Constructor  (1) 1.2.6 Normalisation  (1) 1.2.7 Trace table  Also accept: watch facility of the built-in debugger, debugger (1) 1.2.8 Lossy  compression (1) TOTAL SECTION A: 13 Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 3 Downloaded from hlayiso.com Information Technology/P2 3 DBE/November 2018 NSC – Marking Guidelines SECTION B: SYSTEM TECHNOLOGIES QUESTION 2 2.1 Any TWO  • Portable/could walk around to the tables and take orders • Small in size/easy to fit into hand • No cabling/Wireless/Can link to system using Wi-Fi • Touch screens make selecting options quick/easy to use • Saves time/quicker order taking/billing There must be a reference to a feature of a tablet relating to placing orders Do not accept: any reference to cost/cheaper Do not accept: general answer applicable to any device Do not accept: answers related to the software/GUI (2) 2.2 2.2.1 Any TWO hardware components  • CPU/Processor • Hard drive/storage • Memory/RAM • Motherboard (2) 2.2.2 Any TWO actions for disk cleanup  • Deletes the temporary internet files • Empties the recycle bin • Deletes any other temporary files • Deletes downloaded files • Debug dump files • Delete setup log files • Delete system error memory dump files • Delete unused/unnecessary/unwanted files (2) 2.3 2.3.1 Any TWO comparisons between cache and RAM+  • Cache is faster than RAM • Cache has smaller capacity than RAM • Cache stores recently used instructions/has a pre-fetch unit while RAM stores the whole program • Cache found on CPU and RAM on motherboard • Cache is more expensive per MB than RAM • Cache is SRAM/static and RAM is DRAM/dynamic • It is easier to upgrade RAM (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 4 Downloaded from hlayiso.com Information Technology/P2 4 DBE/November 2018 NSC – Marking Guidelines 2.3.2 The device driver facilitates communication  between the computer and the printer/hardware  OR The device driver allows the operating system/computer to communicate/control/manage the hardware/printer OR The device driver converts the basic instructions of the operating system/computer to messages that can be interpreted by the hardware component. Concepts: • Communication/converting instructions • Hardware/printer (2) 2.3.3 To license the use of the software/prevent illegal copies of software from being used  OR Make all/licensed features of the software available (1) 2.3.4 (a) Any ONE advantage of installing updates:  • Always have latest functions/features • Bugs and problems are resolved • Security loopholes are fixed • Increase performance/work faster (1) 2.3.4 (b) Any ONE disadvantage of installing updates automatically:  • Unexpected/unplanned use of data • A hastily released update may cause more problems than it fixes/lose existing/familiar/pre-set features • Unwanted features/preferences • Slows system down (due to background processes) • Unwanted restart/inconvenient timing of update (1) 2.3.5 (a) When RAM fills up/is full (1) 2.3.5 (b) The operating system makes use of hard drive space  as extra RAM  OR • Uses (dedicated) area on HDD/storage • Moves unused data to HDD/virtual memory where it will easily be accessible again (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 5 Downloaded from hlayiso.com Information Technology/P2 5 DBE/November 2018 NSC – Marking Guidelines 2.4 2.4.1 Any ONE:  • Physical damage • Power surge Also accept examples of physical damage such as dropping a PC can cause a hard drive head crash while transporting/Spilling water on motherboard or HDD with PC case open Do not accept: Any example or mention of data being damaged (1) 2.4.2 UPS/Invertor  (1) 2.4.3 Backup: A duplicate copy  of a file is created on another device/for use when the original copy is damaged or lost  Archiving:  Less frequently used/outdated/older files (can be compressed) and stored where they can be retrieved when necessary (3) 2.4.4 Monitors communication with computer/system and the internet/other networks and blocks unauthorised communication by software/malware (2) TOTAL SECTION B: 23 Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 6 Downloaded from hlayiso.com Information Technology/P2 6 DBE/November 2018 NSC – Marking Guidelines SECTION C: COMMUNICATION AND NETWORK TECHNOLOGIES QUESTION 3 3.1 Any TWO advantages of networks  • Fast and efficient communication • Centralisation of data/data always up to date • Transfer of files between devices • Leisure/LAN computing games/Watching movies • Increased control and security (2) 3.2 3.2.1 An NIC is used to encode or 'convert' the data so that the data can be transmitted over a specific medium and it decodes the data that is received. Concepts: • Decode/Encode  • Making communication between devices possible  over a network (2) 3.2.2 Radio waves  (1) 3.3 3.3.1 Fibre Optic cables  (1) 3.3.2 A reason and explanation for addressing poor signal strength:  A device/technique with a valid explanation Also accept : Any TWO of the following- • Provide sufficient/multiple access points • Interference by structures should be limited by strategically placing access points/line of sight • Use a repeater/booster/amplifier/device/router to increase signal strength/WiMax • Limit the noise by making use of different frequencies (2) 3.3.3 Any TWO reasons for using WiMax:  • Greater range • Faster/faster communication • Provides higher bandwidth/data transfer • Better security (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 7 Downloaded from hlayiso.com Information Technology/P2 7 DBE/November 2018 NSC – Marking Guidelines 3.4 3.4.1 The Semantic Web refers to a web where the content has been optimised for computers and devices to filter content intelligently to be able to navigate without human intervention or involvement. Concepts: Any TWO for Semantic web  • Content optimised • Filter content intelligently • Without human involvement (2) 3.4.2 Any ONE reason for using metadata:  • To supply additional data on which specific searches are done. • Searching is optimised • Improved results Accept any explanation that metadata is used to improve results on specific searches. (1) 3.5 3.5.1 POP3  (1) 3.5.2 Notification – The user is notified  by a sound or message that a new e-mail has arrived Push Technology – The user receives the e-mail /is notified and the e-mail is automatically downloaded to the device (2) 3.5.3 A link/folder  is shared  with another user. Concepts for making large files available: • Folder/Link provided • Storage shared (2) 3.5.4 (a) Phishing is a technique to obtain personal/sensitive information  from a user that appears to be from a legitimate institution in order to trick the user into providing information.  Concepts of phishing: • Provide information about self • Appears to be legitimate/tricking you (2) 3.5.4 (b) Any ONE example of phishing:  • Request to confirm bank details • Request to provide pin number for bank cards • Request to confirm user name and provide password • Request personal information (1) TOTAL SECTION C: 21 Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 8 Downloaded from hlayiso.com Information Technology/P2 8 DBE/November 2018 NSC – Marking Guidelines SECTION D: DATA AND INFORMATION MANAGEMENT QUESTION 4 4.1 Any ONE example of the role of a database in a POS  • When a transaction takes place, the database is updated to increase or reduce the stock items/items available/Relevant data obtained at POS is stored for the restaurant • Customers details are updated as they pay for meals • Accounting information is updated as customers pay • Obtain the (latest) item information/prices from the database • Can do calculations/generate statistics OR Any other valid example to do with data in a sales environment (1) 4.2 4.2.1(a) Any ONE  • String • Text (1) 4.2.1(b) Any ONE  • Boolean • YesNo • True/False (1) 4.2.2 The table will be sorted according to initial and not surname.  OR The waiter's initial and surname are captured in one field/Initials captured as the first section of the initial and surname field. (1) 4.2.3 tblJobCard PK JobCardNr (a) NormalHoursWorked WeekStartDate (b) HoursOvertime (b) FK WaiterID (b) (b)  TotalHours is NOT included (c)  FK correctly identified NOTE: The field names may differ from those in the above table (6) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 9 Downloaded from hlayiso.com Information Technology/P2 9 DBE/November 2018 NSC – Marking Guidelines 4.2.4 One Waiter has many Job cards WAITER Has JOB_CARD Mark allocation  Correct ER diagram format  One (Waiter) to many (Job_Card) relationship  Placing entities in correct relationship/order (3) 4.3 4.3.1 Any ONE issue that threatens physical integrity  • Power failure • Natural disasters • Mechanical failure of hardware • Theft of devices (1) 4.3.2 Any TWO aspects to ensure logical integrity:  • Data validation/validation rules • Each record has a unique primary key • Normalisation rules applied • Ensuring referential integrity/Foreign key must refer to an existing record in the other table • Verification of data (2) 4.4 Any THREE responsibilities of a database administrator:  • Design the database • Security of the database/access rights • Backup and restoration plans and policies/updating software • Monitoring the performance of the database • Manage/maintain the database. (3) 4.5 TWO benefits of having a server DBMS: Managing simultaneous multiple connections to the database to execute the transactions/It will allow a large number of users to connect simultaneously to a database Concepts: • Multiple connections/users • Simultaneous access (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 10 Downloaded from hlayiso.com Information Technology/P2 10 DBE/November 2018 NSC – Marking Guidelines 4.6 4.6.1 Any ONE reason for security:  • Data is transmitted across networks • Multiple servers are used/Many systems are used • Create security exposure on multiple fronts/many users (1) 4.6.2 Any ONE benefit of working with a distributed database:  • Faster performance /less congestion • Less downtime • If connection is interrupted, database is not damaged/corrupted (1) 4.6.3 Partitioning: Each site manages its own part of the database  and uploads data to a central database in a scheduled batch process.  Concepts: • Local data • Uploaded to central database (2) TOTAL SECTION D: 25 Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 11 Downloaded from hlayiso.com Information Technology/P2 11 DBE/November 2018 NSC – Marking Guidelines SECTION E: SOLUTION DEVELOPMENT QUESTION 5 5.1 5.1.1 Any TWO guidelines for readable code:  • Commenting of code • Descriptive variable names • Modularity • Indentation • Open lines between sections • Collapsible regions (2) 5.1.2 An algorithm is a possible solution to a problem  which contains a set of steps/instructions  Concepts: • Set of steps/instructions • To perform a task/solve problem (2) 5.1.3 Debugging is the technique/process of finding  and resolving  (a) defects/problems/errors/bugs. (2) 5.1.3 A runtime error is an error that causes termination or break in the (b)(i) running of a program.  Do not accept: Prevents from running (1) 5.1.3 Any ONE example of runtime error:  (b) (ii) • Division by 0 • Data type mismatch/typing in a word instead of a number • Reference to an index in an array that is not part of the declaration • Attempting to access a resource/file that is not available. Also accept other valid examples. (1) 5.1.4 WHILE…DO REPEAT…UNTIL Executed while condition is Executed until condition is  true true The statements may not be Executed at least once  executed at all depending on irrespective of condition the condition (2) 5.1.5 Statement 1: variable X := 5 mod 2; Integer/Real/Any number type  Statement 2: variable Y := 5 mod 2 = 0; Boolean  (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 12 Downloaded from hlayiso.com Information Technology/P2 12 DBE/November 2018 NSC – Marking Guidelines 5.2 5.2.1 Creates a link between the external/physical/textfile file and file variable/logical file  in the program (2) 5.2.2 Any ONE reason for replacing append with rewrite  • The file will be emptied/ the contents will be removed OR • Rewrite statement will replace/overwrite the current contents of the text file with Mrs Smith. Do not accept: create a new file (2) 5.2.3 Any ONE reason for I/O Error:  • The file was not closed in during a previous procedure/The file buffer was not cleared/The file is corrupt • The file was not correctly assigned • Append or rewrite was not used to open the file/Reset was used to open the file • Writeln-statement does not refer to the text file (example: writeln(sline)) • The executable file is not in the same directory/folder as the text file • The file was closed (1) 5.3 5.3.1 PIN x c Is x < 1? Is c <>5? Display 623 623 0 62.3 1 False 6.23 2 False 0.623 3 True True Error in PIN  (12/2 No extra details  = 6) 5.3.2 Any ONE of:  • c=5 • The user must enter a pin number which contains 5 digits. (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 13 Downloaded from hlayiso.com Information Technology/P2 13 DBE/November 2018 NSC – Marking Guidelines 5.4 Marking Concepts: 1 mark – Inner loop 1 mark – Loop to correct counter 1 mark – Formulate a display 1 mark – Display in correct position 1 mark – Reset display variable/ move to next line Line Algorithm_Display_Pattern 1 Input number 2 Loop counter  1 to number 3 output  ''  4 Loop counter2   1 to counter  5 output  output + counter2  6 EndLoop counter2 7 Display output 8 EndLoop counter Concepts: 1 mark – Clear output variable in correct position 1 mark – Inner loop correct position 1 mark – Inner loop (counter2) from 1 to outer loop counter 1 mark – Add inner loop counter to output string 1 mark – Display output string outside inner loop, inside outer loop ALTERNATE SOLUTION Line Algorithm_Display_Pattern 1 Input number 2 Loop counter  1 to number 3 Loop counter2  1 to counter 4 Display counter2 (one character) 5 EndLoop counter2 6 Move to next line 7 EndLoop counter Accept any other valid algorithm (5) TOTAL SECTION E: 29 Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 14 Downloaded from hlayiso.com Information Technology/P2 14 DBE/November 2018 NSC – Marking Guidelines SECTION F: INTEGRATED SCENARIO QUESTION 6 6.1 6.1.1 An area where wireless/Wi-Fi/ Internetaccess is available/connected/shared  (2) 6.1.2 Un-encrypted data/files that are sent can be intercepted  OR Any other acceptable example of personal information being exposed/hacking/threat of malware/viruses (1) 6.1.3(a) A peer-to-peer protocol/network for downloading files from the internet OR A file sharing software (1) 6.1.3(b) Any TWO reasons to block BitTorrent  • Security issues • To prevent piracy of software • Data use/Data cap • Congestion/Slow down performance of network (2) 6.2 6.2.1 Virtual Private Network  (1) 6.2.2 Allows users to log into a network via the internet with the same security of a LAN. Concepts: Any TWO  • Log in via Internet • Remotely • Secured network/connection (2) 6.3 6.3.1 (a) Dynamic page  Any ONE motivation:  • Additional parameters are included that provide information to the software on the server in order to generate a dynamic page. • ASP (Active Server Pages) are dynamic in nature. (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 15 Downloaded from hlayiso.com Information Technology/P2 15 DBE/November 2018 NSC – Marking Guidelines 6.3.1 (b) Any ONE for a mobi website  • Ends with .mobi OR • M prefix (2) 6.3.2 (a) Any TWO hints to use less power  • Turn off devices when not in use • Change screen settings to dim • Use automatic app that puts apps to sleep • Close unnecessary apps • Turn off Wi-Fi when not in use • Turn off Bluetooth/GPS when not in use (2) 6.3.2 (b) Any ONE way to reduce impact on environment  • Send old equipment to e-cycler/for recycling • Donate useful equipment to others • Re-use parts, that is still usable, in other computers (1) 6.3.3 SEO/Search (engine) optimisation  (1) 6.4 6.4.1 DDoS: Many bot computers are used to bombard the servers hosting the restaurants website with a large number of requests  , the servers are over loaded and cannot respond so the website becomes unavailable  Concepts: • High number of requests/overloaded with requests • Website becomes unavailable (2) 6.4.2 Any TWO measures to prevent cybercrime  • Install and update anti-virus software • Use a firewall • Use a strong password • Make sure software is updated regularly • Be aware of trends in cybercrime/Training of staff to be vigilant • Not answering to phishing mail • Make use of encryption • Human verification/Captcha (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 16 Downloaded from hlayiso.com Information Technology/P2 16 DBE/November 2018 NSC – Marking Guidelines 6.5 6.5.1 The app is connected to the Internet.  The front end of the app is installed on the device, and the data is accessible/stored in the cloud/web server.  (2) 6.5.2 Any TWO reasons for the popularity of apps:  • Interface is easier to navigate • Has a dedicated purpose • Apps knows where to find data/do not have to enter URL's • All the interface data already installed on your device/ speeds up responsiveness/use less data • Can fetch data in the background • Give notifications • Can work with syncing device/online storage • Can use additional sensors like GPS (2) 6.5.3(a) GPS  (1) 6.5.3(b) Any TWO benefits of a check-in service:  • Users will know if friends visit restaurant and can join them • Profiling of customers • Advertising specific deals/Marketing strategy • When some-one is near restaurant invite them • Easily reached for online orders • Invisible data capture • Feedback from customers (2) 6.6 6.6.1 The purpose of a data warehouse is to provide storage for large amounts of data  and tools to access the data  for data mining purposes. Concepts: • Large amount of data stored • Using the data (2) 6.6.2 Any TWO roles played by people in data-mining process  • Select/gather/prepare data sets • Interpret/reporting • Verify data mining results • Develop data mining software/algorithms Also accept: specific examples (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 17 Downloaded from hlayiso.com Information Technology/P2 17 DBE/November 2018 NSC – Marking Guidelines 6.6.3 To identify hidden trends that can be used to make management decisions for example purchasing more stock for the months with high customer volumes. Concepts: • Identifying trends/patterns  • Using information in a practical way in the restaurant context  Also accept: Valid examples and explanation of the use of the data in the restaurant context (2) 6.7 6.7.1 Any TWO advantages for using an online application  • Don’t need local powerful resources/processing done elsewhere • Is not installed on system/saves hard disk space • Always the latest version available/automatically updated • Run in the browser • Can be used on any device • Can be used from anywhere where there is Internet access • Automatic online backup of data Do not accept: Functionality or Cost. (2) 6.7.2 Do not need internet access  to use the software. (1) TOTAL SECTION F: 37 GRAND TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved ## Related documents - [Information Technology P2 Nov 2018 FINAL Memo Afr](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/information-technology-p2-nov-2018-final-memo-afr/e606bf7e-39ef-42a7-908b-0193e164cc67) — Information Technology · Memo · 2018 · Afr - [Information Technology P2 Nov 2018 Afr](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/information-technology-p2-nov-2018-afr/6497b497-5554-43a7-9de1-f30911edbe63) — Information Technology · QP · 2018 · Afr - [Information Technology P2 May June 2018 Memo Afr](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/information-technology-p2-may-june-2018-memo-afr/53776df3-0cf3-4d09-a7e5-fb431e799895) — Information Technology · Memo · 2018 · Afr - [IT P2 Nov 2020 Memo Afr](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/it-p2-nov-2020-memo-afr/2ee707a9-42d6-4dd2-839d-9fe4f1661d4a) — Information Technology · Memo · 2020 · Afr - [Information Technology P2 Nov 2019 Memo Afr](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/information-technology-p2-nov-2019-memo-afr/f0daf576-62f9-42ca-a2fe-ebba567ac12e) — Information Technology · Memo · 2019 · Afr - [Information Technology P2 Nov 2019 Memo Eng](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/information-technology-p2-nov-2019-memo-eng/8efd195a-e3f6-4bd2-8cd1-f711a796cb65) — Information Technology · Memo · 2019 · Eng ## More from Grade 12 Information Technology - [IT-P2-GR12 QP-Afr-SEP-2025 watermark](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/it-p2-gr12-qp-afr-sep-2025-watermark/569cc299-ae7c-4635-9514-cf03f9242ebc) — QP · 2025 · Afr - [IT P2 QP GR12 SEPT 2024 AFR](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/it-p2-qp-gr12-sept-2024-afr/9016098b-e233-49f4-b1dc-f0838363c6af) — QP · 2024 · Afr - [IT P2 QP GR12 SEPT 2024 English](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/it-p2-qp-gr12-sept-2024-english/83309154-2856-47f1-82cc-cc04c8ab38b1) — QP · 2024 · Eng - [Information Technology P1 Nov 2024 Afr](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/information-technology-p1-nov-2024-afr/f4b19c44-77ce-482a-9f85-438813c25f87) — QP · 2024 · Afr - [Information Technology P2 Nov 2024 Eng](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/information-technology-p2-nov-2024-eng/3afa20d1-1c0f-4969-8a56-d690e9b24d70) — QP · 2024 · Eng - [Information Technology P1 May-June 2023 MG Eng](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/information-technology-p1-may-june-2023-mg-eng/f868554b-8f4f-4370-aa4e-cfa745fc806d) — Memo · 2023 · Eng ## Collection - [Grade 12 past papers](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/past-papers) --- Hlayiso: free CAPS and IEB past papers, memos, notes and study guides for South African learners. 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