# Life Sciences Grade 12 P1 Eastern Cape Mock 2013 Memo (Eng) > Grade 12 Life Sciences Paper 1 memorandum from the Eastern Cape Mock Exam 2013 (English), 10 pages. Read online or download the free PDF. - Page: https://www.hlayiso.com/library/lfsc-p1-memo-eng/015bfe88-af04-49c6-8db7-f0ca5589c291 - Updated: 2026-09-27 - Subject: Life Sciences - Grade: Grade 12 - Document type: Memorandum - Year: 2013 - Exam period: Eastern Cape Mock Exam - Paper: 1 - Curriculum: CAPS - Pages: 10 Breadcrumbs: [Home](https://www.hlayiso.com/) › [Library](https://www.hlayiso.com/library) › [Grade 12](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/grade-12) › [Life Sciences](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/grade-12/life-sciences) › [Life Sciences Grade 12 P1 Eastern Cape Mock 2013 Memo (Eng)](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/lfsc-p1-memo-eng/015bfe88-af04-49c6-8db7-f0ca5589c291) ## About this document Life Sciences · Grade 12 · Eastern Cape Mock Exam · 2013. Memorandum, 10 pages. Read online or download the PDF. 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Layout, diagrams and tables may not survive extraction. ### Page 1 Downloaded from hlayiso.com Province of the EASTERN CAPE EDUCATION NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 12 SEPTEMBER 2013 LIFE SCIENCES P1 MEMORANDUM MARKS: 150 This memorandum consists of 10 pages. ### Page 2 Downloaded from hlayiso.com 2 LIFE SCIENCES P1 (SEPTEMBER 2013) SECTION A QUESTION 1 1.1 1.1.1 A  1.1.2 C  1.1.3 B  1.1.4 B  1.1.5 B  1.1.6 C  1.1.7 A  1.1.8 B  1.1.9 D  1.1.10 B  (10 x 2) (20) 1.2 1.2.1 Allopatric (Geographical) speciation  1.2.2 Natural selection  1.2.3 Gonosomes / Sex chromosomes  1.2.4 Phenotype  1.2.5 Cloning 1.2.6 Chiasma  1.2.7 Polygenic inheritance  (7 x 1) (7) 1.3 1.3.1 A only  1.3.2 B only  1.3.3 A only  1.3.4 None  1.3.5 A only  1.3.6 B only  1.3.7 A only  (7 x 2) (14) 1.4 1.4.1 Chromosomal non-disjunction/chromosomal non-separation  (1) 1.4.2 Plants  (1) 1.4.3 Polyploidy  (1) 1.4.4 (a) 8 (diploid/2n)  (1) (1) (b) 8 (diploid/2n)  (c) 16 (tetraploid/4n)  (1) 1.4.5 8 (1) 1.4.6 Production of:  Larger plants   Larger flowers   Larger fruits  (Mark first two only) (Any 2) (2) TOTAL SECTION A: 50 ### Page 3 Downloaded from hlayiso.com (SEPTEMBER 2013) LIFE SCIENCES P1 3 SECTION B QUESTION 2 2.1 2.1.1 Protein synthesis  (1) 2.1.2 (a) The nucleus  (1) (b) The ribosome  (1) (c) Transcription  (1) (d) Translation  (1) 2.1.3 (a) Proteins  (1) (b) Amino acids  (1) (c) Peptide bond  (1) 2.1.4 (a) CAU (3) (b) CCG (3) 2.1.5 3 (1) 2.1.6 P – Valine  Q – Histidine  R – Glycine  (3) 2.2 2.2.1 “Three-parent” fertility treatment.  / “Three parent in vitro fertilisation”  (1) 2.2.2 Mitochondrial defect/Faulty mitochondrial DNA  (1) 2.2.3 One in 6 500 children  (1) 2.2.4  The technique involves the replacement of defective mitochondria from the embryo.   A new mitochondrion is inserted from a female donor  so that the baby does not inherit defects from its mother.  This technique is carried out in the laboratory (in vitro process).  (3) 2.2.5  Fatal heart problems   Liver failure   Brain disorders   Blindness   Muscular weakness  (Any 3 x 1) (3) 2.2.6  The traditional concept of parenthood and family are challenged.   Playing God.   Future dilemma of the child explaining the concept of his/her parents.   Unnatural process (against the nature)  (Any other relevant answers) (3) [30] ### Page 4 Downloaded from hlayiso.com 4 LIFE SCIENCES P1 (SEPTEMBER 2013) QUESTION 3 3.1 3.1.1 A – Australopithecus  (1) B – Homo habilis  (1) C – Homo erectus  (1) D – Homo neanderthalensis  (1) E – Homo sapiens  (1) 3.1.2  Freely rotating (movable) long upper limbs   Elbow joints allowing rotation of the forearm.   Flat nails instead of claws / bare, sensitive finger tips.   Flexible wrists that are capable of rotating at least 180ͦ..  Eyes in front   Olfactory brain centres reduced /reduced sense of smell   Opposable thumbs for power grip and precision grip   Larger brain   Binocular vision /stereoscopic vision  Sexual dimorphism   Two teats   Five fingers   Production of fewer off-spring   Upright posture /bipedal (Any 5 x 1) (5) 3.1.3 Hominidae  (1) 3.1.4  Bipedalism   A flat face   Gently curved jaw line  . . .  Dental formula  . . .  Larger brain (average brain size of 1 400 mℓ)   Use of artificial language to communicate   More pronounced chin  (Any 3 x 1) (3) ### Page 5 Downloaded from hlayiso.com (SEPTEMBER 2013) LIFE SCIENCES P1 5 3.2 3.2.1 The scientific view  Is based on scientific observations, deductions and experiments.   Information is collected, analysed and conclusions are drawn.   Life evolved from the most basic organism.   Organisms have and are constantly changing.   Organisms evolved and adjusted to certain environments.   Theories are developed from scientific enquiries.   Scientists believe that organisms change to make them better adapted to their environment.   All scientists believe that organisms develop due to natural selection.   They believe that new groups are formed by evolution.  (Any 2 x 1) (2) Creationist view  All living forms have been created by a supreme being.   Organisms that have been created have not changed since their creation.   Different forms of life were designed to function in particular settings.   In some cases the theories are in the form of stories.   Some accept organisms can change, but these changes take place to make them better adapted to their environment.   Some accept that new species can be formed by natural selection due to variation.   They do not believe that new groups can be formed by evolution.   They accept the absolute truth as written in sacred texts of the religion to which they adhere.   They accept moral, ethical and philosophical interpretations.   Some have taken the view that evolution can be disproved by the idea of irreducible complexity.  (Any 2 x 1) (2) ### Page 6 Downloaded from hlayiso.com 6 LIFE SCIENCES P1 (SEPTEMBER 2013) 3.2.2  Repeat the experiment several times.   Do test under the same conditions.   Experiment is done with a larger sample. (Mark first two only)    (Any 2 x 1) (2) 3.2.3 To inform people of their findings so that they can critique  / verify their findings  / use it for future research / acknowledge ownership of the findings.  (Any 2 x 1) (2) 3.2.4  Paleontology   Comparative anatomy   Biogeography   Molecular biology and genetics   Comparative embryology  (Any 3 1) (3) 3.3 3.3.1 Spraying DDT over a period of 32 weeks  will eradicate the mosquito population.  (2) 3.3.2 There was a substantial increase in the population of mosquito over 32 weeks.  OR DDT had no effect on the size of mosquito population.  (1) 3.3.3 Mosquitoes developed resistance against DDT  over a period of 32 weeks.  (2) [30] TOTAL SECTION B: 60 ### Page 7 Downloaded from hlayiso.com (SEPTEMBER 2013) LIFE SCIENCES P1 7 SECTION C QUESTION 4 4.1 4.1.1 USA (United States of America)  (1) 4.1.2 Increasing trend  (1) 4.1.3 25 – 21 = 4   100  16% (3) 4.1.4  Emergence of super weeds   Environmental pollution  (Any 1 x 1) (1) 4.1.5 67 360 194,5 124 25 360 72,6 124 2 marks 360 = 67,8 9 360 26,1 124 ### Page 8 Downloaded from hlayiso.com 8 LIFE SCIENCES P1 (SEPTEMBER 2013) Mark allocation of the graph Calculations/Working to determine 2 Marks: All four calculations the correct proportions correct 1 Mark: 1 to 3 calculations correct Correct type of graph (pie chart) 1 Title of graph 1 Proportions accurate for each 4 Marks: All four sectors correct. sectors/slice labelled key (Use transparency template) (1 x mark / sector) (8) 4.2 4.2.1 (Any 6 x 1) (6) 4.3 “Out of Africa hypothesis” Scientists believe that Homo sapiens probably evolved in Southern Africa and spread throughout the rest of the world.  This means that all the people on planet earth evolved from an ancestral population that originated only 200 000 years ago.  About 1,9 million years ago, long before Homo sapiens appeared, some Homo erectus  moved out of Africa using the land bridge which developed when the sea-level dropped during the ice ages.  They probably moved beyond Africa and then spread across the grasslands of Asia and Europe.  About 100 000 years ago, Homo sapiens also moved out of Africa  but this population could not survive.  A second migration of Homo sapiens  happened about 70 000 years ago.  This group and their descendants moved into Middle-East and spread over the rest of the world, replacing the other Homo sapiens that had migrated earlier.  About 50 000 years ago they reached South Asia  and about 40 000 years ago they reached Australia.  They probably reached America via Asia only 20 000 years ago.  (Any 3 x 1) (3) ### Page 9 Downloaded from hlayiso.com (SEPTEMBER 2013) LIFE SCIENCES P1 9 Genetic evidence in support “Out of Africa hypothesis”  DNA is used for the purpose of tracing ancestry.   A search is made for mutations since individuals who have the same mutation must share the same common ancestor.  (markers of descent). (a) DNA from the Y-chromosomes Since the major part of Y-chromosomes of males does not undergo crossing over with its mismatched X chromosomes,  DNA on the Y- chromosomes is passed on from father to son without being mixed with nucleotides from the mother.  Therefore, mutant nucleotides can be traced from son to father to grandfather to great grandfather and so on.  This way, our male ancestry can be traced.  By using mutant nucleotides on Y-chromosomal DNA as markers of descent, scientists have traced the lineage of every man alive to a common ancestor who lived in East Africa about 60 000 years ago.  (Any 4 x 1) (4) (b) Mitochondrial DNA DNA found in the mitochondria is known as mitochondrial DNA. Since the mitochondrial DNA  of the sperm cell does not fuse with that of the egg cell,  it is passed on from mother to child.  By following mutant nucleotides in mitochondrial DNA,  scientists are able to trace the female line of descent.  Analysis of mitochondrial DNA leads to an ancestral female who lived in East Africa, around 150 000 years ago.  Scientists believe other species of humans were also present at this time. However, those other species all became extinct and our species (Homo sapiens) was the only one that survived.  (Any 4 x 1) (4) On the basis of DNA analysis, scientists believe that from East Africa early humans migrated across the continent of Africa. Then they moved out of the continent through north-east Africa. (c) Fossil evidence to support “Out of Africa” theory The world’s oldest  and richest concentration of fossils of early humans  has been found in Africa. Some of examples of excavated fossils of early humans found in Africa are listed below: (2)  6 to 7 million years old bipedal primates, Sahelanthropus tchadensis  found in Chad.   Little Foot  is a 3,9 to 4,2 million years old fossil discovered in the Sterkfontein Caves.   Lucy  is a 3,2 million years old fossil discovered in Ethiopia.  ### Page 10 Downloaded from hlayiso.com 10 LIFE SCIENCES P1 (SEPTEMBER 2013)  Taung Child (Australopithecus Africans) , a 2,6 to 2,8 million old fossil found in the Northern Cape.   Mr. Ples (Australopithecus africanus)  2,6 million years old fossil found in the Sterkfontein Caves.   Kromdraai (Paranthropus robustus)  was also discovered in Sterkfontein.   1,2 to 2,2 million years old fossil Paranthropus boisei  was discovered in Tanzania.   Fossil of Homo habilis was discovered in Tanzania.   Florisbad man (an earlier Homo sapiens),  a 250 000 year fossil was discovered in the Free State.  (Any 2 examples) (4) No flow chart will be credited as an essay. Marks Descriptions 3 Well structured – demonstrates insight and understanding of question 2 Minor gaps in the answer. 1 Attempted but with significant gaps in the answer 0 Not attempted/nothing written other than question number Synthesis (3) TOTAL SECTION C: 40 GRAND TOTAL: 150 ## Related documents - [LEWENSWET V1 MEMO](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/lewenswet-v1-memo/3850ca57-61f3-4812-a560-de20e0284fb7) — Life Sciences · Memo · 2013 - [Life Sciences P1 Nov 2013 Memo Eng](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/life-sciences-p1-nov-2013-memo-eng/86a52d8f-329a-44b4-b501-d512c9b125ed) — Life Sciences · Memo · 2013 · Eng - [LIFE SCIENCES P1 GR12 MEMO SEPT2023 Afrikaans](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/life-sciences-p1-gr12-memo-sept2023-afrikaans/4a6384bb-d099-47ae-9fde-15f096079e67) — Life Sciences · Memo · 2023 · Afr - [LIFE SC P1 GR12 S16 MEMO ENG](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/life-sc-p1-gr12-s16-memo-eng/4630878b-8cd1-4138-9bfb-f01031ac7116) — Life Sciences · Memo · 2016 · Eng - [LEWENSWET V1 QP](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/lewenswet-v1-qp/dd4ce86f-2a35-4cbf-8d1b-543b343ce2d2) — Life Sciences · QP · 2013 - [Gr12 LFSC P2 S13 QP Eng](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/gr12-lfsc-p2-s13-qp-eng/16f72da9-fb39-41cf-a478-707fa0b6b9df) — Life Sciences · QP · 2013 · Eng ## More from Grade 12 Life Sciences - [LIFE SCIENCES QP GR12 JUNE 2025 ENG D watermark](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/life-sciences-qp-gr12-june-2025-eng-d-watermark/138939cb-4757-4989-99d7-c9cb21429a5c) — QP · 2025 · Eng - [Life Sciences Grade 12 NSC QP March 2025 KZN](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/life-sciences-grade-12-nsc-qp-march-2025-kzn/b1598f8e-58e0-4c09-b513-b9f61ae73c47) — QP · 2025 - [Life Sciences Grade 12 NSC P2 MEMO September 2025 Mpumalanga](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/life-sciences-grade-12-nsc-p2-memo-september-2025-mpumalanga/17b4cc42-641c-4d7d-9c53-6bac113ce83c) — Memo · 2025 - [Life Sciences Grade 12 NSC P1 QP September 2025 Mpumalanga](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/life-sciences-grade-12-nsc-p1-qp-september-2025-mpumalanga/be917127-6071-4190-b900-3c475d5bfdd4) — QP · 2025 - [Life Sciences Grade 12 NSC P1 QP September 2025 North West](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/life-sciences-grade-12-nsc-p1-qp-september-2025-north-west/9dc29799-a675-40eb-9573-df7341b3572f) — QP · 2025 - [Life Sciences P2 May-June 2025 Afr](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/life-sciences-p2-may-june-2025-afr/f068fe02-7f70-4bf4-91ad-4ead880d1a88) — QP · 2025 · Afr ## Collection - [Grade 12 past papers](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-12/past-papers) --- Hlayiso: free CAPS and IEB past papers, memos, notes and study guides for South African learners. 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