# Life Sciences Grade 11 P1 Eastern Cape November 2022 Memo > Grade 11 Life Sciences Paper 1 memorandum from the Eastern Cape November 2022 (English), 11 pages. Read online or download the free PDF. - Page: https://www.hlayiso.com/library/life-sciences-p1-memo-gr11-nov2022-english/638102ef-2e02-4a9d-8a50-b607e5f1b41f - Updated: 2026-09-27 - Subject: Life Sciences - Grade: Grade 11 - Language: English - Document type: Memorandum - Year: 2022 - Exam period: Eastern Cape November - Paper: 1 - Curriculum: CAPS - Pages: 11 Breadcrumbs: [Home](https://www.hlayiso.com/) › [Library](https://www.hlayiso.com/library) › [Grade 11](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/grade-11) › [Life Sciences](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/grade-11/life-sciences) › [Life Sciences Grade 11 P1 Eastern Cape November 2022 Memo](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/life-sciences-p1-memo-gr11-nov2022-english/638102ef-2e02-4a9d-8a50-b607e5f1b41f) ## About this document Life Sciences · Grade 11 · Eastern Cape November · 2022 · English. Memorandum, 11 pages. Read online or download the PDF. Read it free online on the page above; download the PDF from there. ## Document text Text extracted from the PDF. Layout, diagrams and tables may not survive extraction. ### Page 1 Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 11 NOVEMBER 2022 LIFE SCIENCES P1 MARKING GUIDELINE MARKS: 150 This marking guideline consists of 11 pages. ### Page 2 Downloaded from hlayiso.com 2 LIFE SCIENCES PI (EC/NOVEMBER 2022) PRINCIPLES RELATED TO THE MARKING OF LIFE SCIENCES 1. If more information than marks allocated is given Stop marking when maximum marks are reached and put a wavy line and ‘max.’ in the right-hand margin. 2. If, for example, three reasons are required and five are given Mark the first three irrespective of whether all or some are correct / incorrect. 3. If whole process is given when only a part of it is required Read all and credit the relevant parts. 4. If comparisons are asked for, but descriptions are given Accept if the differences / similarities are clear. 5. If tabulation is required, but paragraphs are given Candidates will lose marks for not tabulating. 6. If diagrams are given with annotations when descriptions are required Candidates will lose marks. 7. If flow charts are given instead of descriptions Candidates will lose marks. 8. If sequence is muddled and links do not make sense Where sequence and links are correct, credit. Where sequence and links are incorrect, do not credit. If sequence and links become correct again, resume credit. 9. Non-recognised abbreviations Accept if first defined in answer. If not defined, do not credit the unrecognised abbreviation, but credit the rest of the answer if correct. 10. Wrong numbering If answer fits into the correct sequence of questions, but the wrong number is given, it is acceptable. 11. If language used changes the intended meaning Do not accept. 12. Spelling errors If recognisable, accept the answer, provided it does not mean something else in Life Sciences or if it is out of context. 13. If common names are given in terminology Accept, provided it was accepted at the national memo discussion meeting. 14. If only the letter is asked for, but only the name is given (and vice versa) Do not credit. Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 3 Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/NOVEMBER 2022) LIFE SCIENCES P1 3 15. If units are not given in measurements Candidates will lose marks. Memorandum will allocate marks for units separately. 16. Be sensitive to the sense of an answer, which may be stated in different ways 17. Caption All illustrations (diagrams, graphs, tables, etc.) must have a caption. 18. Code-switching of official languages (terms and concepts) A single word or two that appear(s) in any official language other than the learner’s assessment language used to the greatest extent in his/her answers should be credited, if it is correct. A marker that is proficient in the relevant official language should be consulted. This is applicable to all official languages. Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 4 Downloaded from hlayiso.com 4 LIFE SCIENCES PI (EC/NOVEMBER 2022) SECTION A QUESTION 1 1.1 1.1.1 B ✓✓ 1.1.2 C ✓✓ 1.1.3 A ✓✓ 1.1.4 D ✓✓ 1.1.5 C ✓✓ 1.1.6 C ✓✓ 1.1.7 C ✓✓ 1.1.8 A ✓✓ 1.1.9 A ✓✓ 1.1.10 A ✓✓ (10 x 2) (20) 1.2 1.2.1 Stroma ✓ 1.2.2 Mitochondrion ✓/ Mitochondria 1.2.3 Glycolysis ✓ 1.2.4 Yeast ✓ 1.2.5 Bronchi ✓ 1.2.6 Medulla ✓ 1.2.7 Excretion ✓ 1.2.8 Nephron ✓ (8 x 1) (8) 1.3 1.3.1 Both A and B ✓✓ 1.3.2 B only ✓✓ 1.3.3 B only ✓✓ (3 x 2) (6) 1.4 1.4.1 (a) Oxygen ✓ (1) (b) Diffusion ✓ (1) 1.4.2 (a) A ✓ – (Pulmonary) arteriole ✓ (2) (b) D ✓ – Erythrocyte ✓ / Red blood cell (2) (c) B ✓ – (Pulmonary) venule ✓ (2) 1.4.3 (a) Squamous ✓ epithelium (1) (b) Endothelium ✓ (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 5 Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/NOVEMBER 2022) LIFE SCIENCES P1 5 1.5 1.5.1 (a) Oesophagus ✓ (1) (b) Stomach ✓ (1) (c) Pylorus ✓ / Pyloric sphincter (1) 1.5.2 Controls the movement of chyme from the stomach to the small intestine ✓ (1) 1.5.3 (a) Gastric glands ✓ (1) (b) Hydrochloric acid ✓ (1) TOTAL SECTION A: 50 Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 6 Downloaded from hlayiso.com 6 LIFE SCIENCES PI (EC/NOVEMBER 2022) SECTION B QUESTION 2 2.1 2.1.1 (a) A – Malpighian body ✓/renal corpuscle (1) (b) B – (Ultra) filtration ✓ (1) 2.1.2 (a) Afferent arteriole ✓ (1) (b) Glomerulus ✓ (1) (c) Glomerular filtration ✓ (1) 2.1.3 - Protein molecules are large molecules ✓ - which generally cannot pass through ✓ the tiny pores of the thin glomerular endothelium into the capsular space - Therefore, very high amounts of protein in the urine indicates malfunctioning of filtration process ✓/ greater pressure facilitates filtration - as well as tubular reabsorption ✓ - a tear in the glomerular membrane can also lead to proteins appearing in the urine ✓ (Any 3 x 1) (3) 2.1.4 Glucose ✓ (1) 2.1.5 - Afferent arteriole is wider than efferent arteriole ✓/the narrow diameter of efferent arteriole resists the flow of blood from the wider afferent arteriole causing high blood pressure in the glomerulus ✓ - The glomerulus provides large surface area ✓ so that more plasma(liquid) is able filter through the endothelium within a short period of time ✓ - Walls of glomerular capillaries consist of a single endothelial layer ✓ which is in close contact with inner wall of Bowman’s capsule and therefore, which facilitates efficient filtration ✓ - The endothelial wall of glomerular capillaries has many pores ✓ so that the liquid part of the blood / plasma is able filter out in to the capsular space ✓ - Bowman’s capsule is cup-shaped to provide a large filtration surface✓ so that more filtration occurs ✓ - The inner wall of Bowman’s capsule consists of a single epithelial layer consisting of irregular shaped podocytes with intercellular spaces ✓ for easy glomerular filtration ✓ (Mark first THREE only) (Any 3 x 2) (6) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 7 Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/NOVEMBER 2022) LIFE SCIENCES P1 7 2.2 2.2.1 The rate of photosynthesis increases with increasing light intensity ✓✓ OR The rate of photosynthesis decreases with increasing light intensity ✓✓ OR The light intensity has no effect on rate of photosynthesis ✓✓ (2) 2.2.2 The light intensity ✓ (1) 2.2.3 By counting the number of bubbles released per minute ✓✓ (2) 2.2.4 Oxygen ✓ (1) 2.2.5 - Temperature ✓ - The voltage of the bulb ✓/ current - The amount of carbon dioxide ✓ - Person counting the bubbles ✓ - Plant species ✓ - The surface tension of water ✓ - The purity of water used ✓ (Mark first TWO only) (Any 2 x 1) (2) 2.2.6 To increase the concentration of carbon dioxide in the water ✓ (1) 2.2.7 - The glowing splint ✓ burst into flame / glows brighter - which indicates that oxygen has been given off ✓ by the plant. (2) 2.2.8 (a) 28 – 8 = 20 ✓ 20 × 100 ✓= 250 ✓% (3) 8 (b) - It enables farmer to adjust the light to its optimal level ✓ - in order to increase the rate of photosynthesis ✓ - By increasing the rate of photosynthesis, the farmer is able to increase agricultural yield to its maximum ✓ (3) 2.3 2.3.1 (Structure of) a villus. ✓ (1) 2.3.2 Found in the small intestine ✓/duodenum/jejunum/ileum (1) 2.3.3 Absorption of digested nutrients ✓ (1) 2.3.4 Diffusion: ✓ is the movement of molecules from a region of its higher concentration to a region of its lower concentration. ✓ OR Active transport: ✓ is the movement of molecules with the assistance of carrier molecules against the concentration gradient/ from high concentration to low concentration using energy. ✓ (Mark first ONE only) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 8 Downloaded from hlayiso.com 8 LIFE SCIENCES PI (EC/NOVEMBER 2022) 2.3.5 - The thin columnar epithelium ✓ facilitates easy diffusion of nutrients ✓ - Provides large surface area ✓ (large area of absorption) so that more nutrients are absorbed in a faster pace. ✓ - Consists of many blood capillaries (a network of blood capillaries) and lacteal ✓ for faster transport of nutrients away from the site of absorption. ✓ (6) 2.4 2.4.1 To prevent air from entering the test tubes ✓as it would alter the experimental results / to stop gases from entering or leaving. (1) 2.4.2 - Test tube B contains a bag of live worms ✓ - They produce large amounts of carbon dioxide over time. ✓ / during - cellular respiration which causes the indicator in test tube B to become yellow (2) 2.4.3 Test tube C was set up as a control ✓/ to compare results / to determine whether the factor under investigation was actually the one that caused the change. (1) 2.4.4 - No photosynthesis will take place ✓ due to lack of light. - the green leaves continue to respire ✓ at a rate slower than animals - hence releases small amounts of carbon dioxide ✓ and later - the amount of carbon dioxide increases ✓ due to gradual accumulation. (Any 3 x 1) (3) [50] Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 9 Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/NOVEMBER 2022) LIFE SCIENCES P1 9 QUESTION 3 3.1 3.1.1 (a) Diaphragm ✓ (1) (b) Intercostal muscles ✓/ external and internal intercostal muscles (1) 3.1.2 Diagram 2 ✓ (1) 3.1.3 - The diaphragm is relaxed and therefore restores its original dome shape ✓ - Size of thoracic/chest cavity is substantially reduced ✓ - Size of the lungs became smaller ✓ (Mark first TWO only) (Any 2 x 1) (2) 3.1.4 A → B ✓✓ (2) 3.1.5 (a) - The accumulation of fluids and mucus in the alveoli drastically reduces the rate of gaseous exchange ✓ - This causes an increase in the carbon dioxide level and drop in the oxygen level in the blood ✓ - The high level of carbon dioxide stimulates medulla oblongata ✓ - to send impulses to breathing muscles ✓ and - heart muscles ✓ - causing an increase in the rate and depth of breathing ✓ and - rate of heart beat ✓ - in an attempt to restore carbon dioxide/oxygen balance in the - blood ✓ (Any 4 x 1) (4) (b) - Reduced rate of gaseous exchange ✓ due to pneumonia - leads to a steady drop in oxygen in the blood ✓ - hence active pumping of oxygen is required to raise the level of oxygen in the blood ✓ - to maintain the optimal rate of cellular metabolism ✓ (e.g., cellular respiration) - to generate energy for the proper functioning of vital organs to maintain life ✓ (Any 4 x 1) (4) 3.2 3.2.1 (a) Anaerobic respiration ✓/ lactic acid fermentation (1) (b) In the skeletal muscles ✓ (1) 3.2.2 18/19 ✓arbitrary units (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 10 Downloaded from hlayiso.com 10 LIFE SCIENCES PI (EC/NOVEMBER 2022) 3.2.3 10 ✓ minutes (1) 3.2.4 - The intense physical activity leads to an increased rate of cellular respiration ✓ - causing an accumulation of carbon dioxide ✓ and - decrease in the level of available oxygen ✓ due to insufficient ventilation - therefore, only glycolysis takes place ✓ - In the absence of sufficient oxygen, the pyruvic acid molecules are converted to lactic acid ✓ which is stored in the muscle tissues. (Any 4 x 1) (4) 3.2.5 - No physical activity occurs during resting ✓ - less glucose is required to be oxidised ✓ - therefore, the demand for oxygen is decreased ✓/ excess carbon dioxide is expelled from the body gradually / carbon dioxide- oxygen balance will be restored. - the lactic acid stored in the muscles will be converted back to pyruvic acid ✓ - enabling the cell to complete the process ✓/ Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation (Any 4 x 1) (4) 3.3 3.3.1 A condition characterised by excess sodium in the blood ✓ (1) 3.3.2 - Too much water loss ✓ - High intake of salt ✓/ sodium (2) 3.3.3 - The high concentration of sodium ✓ creates - a steeper concentration gradient ✓ - which leads to the passive absorption of water ✓ - from the collecting tubule into the surrounding tissue fluid ✓ - surrounding the cells at the medulla region (Any 3 x 1) (3) 3.3.4 - The lower level of sodium in the blood stimulates - the adrenal gland ✓ to secrete and release - more aldosterone into the blood ✓ - which causes the reabsorption of more sodium by the capillaries ✓ - at the distal and collecting tubules ✓/less sodium ions are excreted - from the kidneys ✓ - Sodium ions are reabsorbed until its level in the blood returns to normal ✓ (Any 4 x 1) (4) 3.3.5 - The diarrhoea and vomiting leads to excessive loss of water and salts ✓ - drops the level of water in the blood ✓/ causes dehydration that - stimulates the hypothalamus ✓/ pituitary gland to release more ADH into the blood. (Any 2 x 1) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 11 Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/NOVEMBER 2022) LIFE SCIENCES P1 11 3.4 3.4.1 (a) 0,7 ✓mg/cm3 (1) (b) 0,5 ✓mg/cm3 (1) 3.4.2 - A healthy person maintains optimum levels of insulin ✓ and - hence maintains normal blood glucose level ✓ - the additional amount of insulin injected converts more glucose in the blood to glycogen ✓ - which is stored in the muscles and liver ✓ dropping the blood glucose level drastically (Any 3 x 1) (3) 3.4.3 - When the level of glucose drops below the normal ✓ - pancreas/cells of islets of Langerhans are stimulated ✓ to - secrete more glucagon ✓ into the blood which - causes the muscles and liver ✓ - to convert stored glycogen into glucose ✓ - this raises the level of glucose back to normal ✓ (Any 4 x 1) (4) 3.4.4 - Concentrated glucose / sugar solution will be absorbed directly in to the blood ✓ - because glucose is the monomer unit of carbohydrates which requires no digestion ✓ OR - Starch containing food has to be digested into glucose before it can be absorbed into the blood ✓ - The digestion process takes time to complete and it may delay the treatment of the patient ✓ (2) [50] TOTAL SECTION B: 100 GRAND TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved Please turn over ## Related documents - [LIFE SCIENCES P1 MEMO GR11 NOV 2018 English](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/life-sciences-p1-memo-gr11-nov-2018-english/c0369b9e-1cbf-4b20-aa0e-f5763f7e8b4a) — Life Sciences · Memo · 2018 · Eng - [LIFE SCIENCES P1 GR11 MEMO NOV2017 English](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/life-sciences-p1-gr11-memo-nov2017-english/65c6edb8-e5bf-4f1a-bd90-7583c65f4c8e) — Life Sciences · Memo · 2017 · Eng - [LIFE SCIENCES P1 QP GR11 NOV 2018 English](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/life-sciences-p1-qp-gr11-nov-2018-english/85a3c188-086b-45ef-83bc-d8ab8ae30b6e) — Life Sciences · QP · 2018 · Eng - [LIFE SCIENCES P1 GR11 QP NOV2016 English](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/life-sciences-p1-gr11-qp-nov2016-english/9177dba4-bf0a-4609-8d79-d9260050780d) — Life Sciences · QP · 2016 · Eng - [LIFE SCIENCES P2 MEMO GR11 NOV2020 English](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/life-sciences-p2-memo-gr11-nov2020-english/d0646d37-699b-4d0a-b701-c03a5fdbc783) — Life Sciences · Memo · 2020 · Eng - [LIFE SCIENCES P2 GR11 MEMO NOV2018 English](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/life-sciences-p2-gr11-memo-nov2018-english/cc1c4ff4-4d37-47f6-8de3-1ed4d6250dfc) — Life Sciences · Memo · 2018 · Eng ## More from Grade 11 Life Sciences - [Gr 11 Life Sci ATP 2023-24](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/gr-11-life-sci-atp-2023-24/4ab88214-8173-4f6e-98ea-ab509ada756b) — ATP - [LIFE SCIENCES P2 QP GR11 NOV 2025 ENG watermark](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/life-sciences-p2-qp-gr11-nov-2025-eng-watermark/0249505b-9116-4f42-870c-e7cabeed0f37) — QP · 2025 · Eng - [KZN Life Sciences Grade 11 June 2025 QP and Memo](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/kzn-life-sciences-grade-11-june-2025-qp-and-memo/31a59d87-a46a-4536-91d0-2fe1264e946a) — QP + Memo · 2025 - [EC Life Sciences Grade 11 June 2024 QP and Memo](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/ec-life-sciences-grade-11-june-2024-qp-and-memo/68ed48c4-d02f-4f7f-97fb-736190106d11) — QP + Memo · 2024 - [LIFE SCIENCES P2 GR11 QP NOV2024 ENG D](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/grade-11-life-sciences-2024-eastern-cape-november-exam-question-paper-paper-2-english/4eed64dd-0499-4ee7-97e7-817805e1413f) — QP · 2024 · Eng - [KZN Life Sciences Grade 11 June 2024 QP and Memo](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/kzn-life-sciences-grade-11-june-2024-qp-and-memo/16f6b3c9-ef72-40fd-8904-5ab062f8ed6e) — QP + Memo · 2024 ## Collection - [Grade 11 past papers](https://www.hlayiso.com/grade-11/past-papers) --- Hlayiso: free CAPS and IEB past papers, memos, notes and study guides for South African learners. 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