# Life Sciences Grade 12 P2 Eastern Cape Prelim 2024 QP

> Grade 12 Life Sciences Paper 2 question paper from the Eastern Cape Prelim Exam 2024, 16 pages. Read online or download the free PDF.

- Page: https://www.hlayiso.com/library/life-sciences-p2-gr12-qp-sept2024-xhosa/3af1e5ec-b362-4a4b-a4ea-ad47ab7129dc
- Updated: 2026-09-27
- Subject: Life Sciences
- Grade: Grade 12
- Document type: Question paper
- Year: 2024
- Exam period: Eastern Cape Prelim Exam
- Paper: 2
- Curriculum: CAPS
- Pages: 16

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Life Sciences · Grade 12 · Eastern Cape Prelim Exam · 2024. Question paper, 16 pages. Read online or download the PDF.

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                             NATIONAL
                        SENIOR CERTIFICATE

                                IBANGA 12

                          SEPTEMBA 2024

                         LIFE SCIENCES P2

AMANQAKU:   150

IXESHA:     2½ Iiyure

                          Eli phepha lemibuzo linamaphepha ayi16.

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2                                 LIFE SCIENCES P2                      (EC/SEPTEMBA 2024)

IMIYALEZO NEENKCUKACA

Funda imiyalelo elandelayo ngenyameko ngaphambi kokuba uphendule imibuzo.

1.      Phendula YONKE imibuzo.

2.      Bhala zonke iimpendulo kwiNCWADI YOKUPHENDULELA.

3.      Qala umbuzo ngamNYE kwiPHEPHA ELITSHA.

4.      Nombola iimpedulo ngokuchanekileyo ngokwendlela esetyenzisiweyo kweli
        phepha lemibuzo.

5.      Bonisa iimpendulo zakho ngokwemiyalelo yombuzo ngamnye.

6.      YONKE imizobo MAYENZIWE ngepensile ze ulebhelishe ngeinki ebhlowu
        okanye emnyama.

7.      Zoba iidayagram, iitheybhile okanye iitshati xa ucelwa ukuba wenze njalo
        KUPHELA.

8.      Iidayagram zeli phepha lemibuzo AZIZOTYWANGA ngokwesikeyile.

9.      UNGALISEBENZISI iphepha legrafu.

10.     Sebenzisa ikhalityhuleyitha engeprogranywanga, iprothektha nekhampasi,
        apho kukho imfuneko.

11.     ZONKE iikhalityhuleyishini mazisondezwe kwiindawo eziMBINI zedesimali.

12.     Bhala ngokucocekileyo nangokucacileyo.

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(EC/SEPTEMBA 2024)                         LIFE SCIENCES P2                                      3

ICANDELO A

UMBUZO 1

1.1   Iindlela  ezahlukileyo   zinikiwe   njengeempendulo    ezinokuchaneka
      zokuphendula imibuzo elandelayo zinikiwe. Khetha impendulo echanekileyo
      ze ubhale unobumba kuphela (A–D) ecaleni kweenombolo zemibuzo (1.1.1
      ukuya ku 1.1.9) kwiINCWADI YOKUPHENDULELA, umzekelo 1.1.10 D.

      1.1.1 ‘Iifektha’ ezahlukileyo ezilawula iimpawu ezahlukileyo zezinto
            ezahlukeneyo, azohlukanisi enye kwenye nangayiphi na indlela, kwaye
            zizilungelelanisa ngokuzimeleyo ngexesha lokwenziwa kwegamete.

               Oku kubhekiselele kwi ...

               A     Mendel’s Principle of Segregation.
               B     Mendel’s Principle of Independent assortment.
               C     Lamarck’s ‘law’ of the inheritance of acquired characteristics.
               D     Chance fertilisation.

      1.1.2 Iimultiple allele zibakhona xa ...

               A     iallele enye ikhontrola i-inherirtence yejini.
               B     iiallele ezimbini zikhontrola i-inheritance yejini.
               C     iiallele zifuzwe kubazali bobabini.
               D     ngaphezulu kweeallele ezimbini zikhontrola i-inheritance yejini.

      1.1.3 Zingaphi iinitrogenous bheyisi ezifumaneka kwiprotheni eyenziwe nge-
            66 amino acid?

               A     198
               B     22
               C     132
               D     66

      1.1.4 Umahluko phakathi kwestructure seenucleic acid.

                              DNA                                    RNA
               A     Double-stranded molecule         Single-stranded
               B     Contains the nitrogenous         Contains the nitrogenous base,
                     base, uracil                     thymine
               C     Straight structure               Helical structure
               D     Shorter molecule                 Longer molecule

Akuvumelekanga ukufotokopa                                                      Tyhila iphepha

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4                                 LIFE SCIENCES P2                     (EC/SEPTEMBA 2024)

      1.1.5    Idayagram engezantsi ibonisa iphase kwicell division.

               Iphase ekwidayagram engentla yi …

               A   prophase II
               B   telophase II
               C   telophase I
               D   Telophase

      IMIBUZO 1.1.6 NO1.1.7 ISEKWE KWIDNA PROFILING ENGEZANTSI.

           A             B            C              D          E         F

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(EC/SEPTEMBA 2024)                          LIFE SCIENCES P2                                 5

        1.1.6    Abazali bomntu B ngu …

                 A      A no F.
                 B      C no E.
                 C      A no E.
                 D      D no F.

        1.1.7    Yeyiphi ENYE kwiindlela ezilandelayo engasetyenziselwa iDNA
                 profilingi?

                 A      Kufaniso lweetissue zokufakelwa kwelungu.
                 B      Kuxilongo lweeinherited disorder.
                 C      Ukuveliswa konyango lweeinherited disorder.
                 D      Kubungqina bebhayoloji kumatyala olwaphulomthetho.

        1.1.8    Iidiploid chromosome khompozishini yamadoda aphilileyo yi ...

                 A      44 autosomes + XX gonosomes.
                 B      22 autosomes + Y gonosomes.
                 C      22 autosomes + XY gonosomes.
                 D      44 autosomes + XY gonosomes.

        1.1.9 Imutation inokuba nemiphumela elandelayo:

                (i)     Ikhowudi yeamino acid efanayo
                (ii)    Itshintshe iprotheyini eyenziweyo
                (iii)   Ibangele izifo kwiorganism
                (iv)    Ingabonakaliswa kwiphenotype yeorganism
                (v)     Yandise amathuba okusinda

                Yeyiphi ENYE kwiindibanisela ezingentla eyenzeka kuphela ngenxa
                yeemutation eziyingozi?

                A       (i), (ii) no (iv)
                B       (ii) no (v)
                C       (iii) kuphela
                D       (ii) no (iii)
                                                                                 (9 x 2)   (18)

Akuvumelekanga ukufotokopa                                                  Tyhila iphepha

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6                                 LIFE SCIENCES P2                       (EC/SEPTEMBA 2024)

1.2    Nika ibhayolojikhali them echanelekileyo yenkcazelo ngaNYE
       kwezilandelayo. Bhala igama kuphela ecaleni kwenombolo yemibuzo (1.2.1
       ukuya ku1.2.9) ENCWADINI YOKUPHENDULELA.

       1.2.1    Ukumelwa kwenani, imilo kunye nokucwangciswa
                kweechromosomes kwinucleus yesomatic cell

       1.2.2    Indawo ye-extra nuclear DNA kwiiplant cell kuphela

       1.2.3    Ipoyinti yokudibana yeenon-sister chromatid xa ziovalephana
                kwicrossing over

       1.2.4    Uhlobo lwegazi oluneerecessive allele ezimbini

       1.2.5    Indawo yejini kwichromosome

       1.2.6    Istrandi seDNA apho iinucleotide zincamathela khona ukwakha
                iDNA strandi esitsha

       1.2.7    Imeko eboniswa yichromosome eyongezelelweyo kwindawo u21

       1.2.8    Uhlobo lweebhondi ezibamba iinitrogenous bheyisi kwiDNA
                molecule

       1.2.9    Imeko yecell apho kukho iseti enye kuphela yeechromosome
                                                                           (9 x 1)    (9)

1.3    Bonisa ukuba iinkcazelo ezikuKHOLAM I zisebenza kuA KUPHELA, kuB
       KUPHELA, kuA noB okanye AKUKHO NANYE kwiiayithem ezikuKHOLAM
       II. Bhala uA kuphela, uB kuphela, uA noB okanye akukho naye ecaleni
       kweenombolo yemibuzo (1.3.1 ukuya ku 1.3.3) ENCWADINI
       YOKUPHENDULELA.

                           KHOLAMNI I                      KHOLAMNI II
       1.3.1    Uhloblo lwevariation olukhoyo A:       Co-dominance
                kwiindidi zegazi               B:      Discontinuous variation
       1.3.2    Icytokinesis yenzeka kabini    A:      Meiosis
                                               B:      Mitosis
       1.3.3    Ukungabikho kweeblood clotting A:      Haemophilia
                factor                         B:      Colour-blindness
                                                                           (3 x 2)    (6)

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(EC/SEPTEMBA 2024)                         LIFE SCIENCES P2                                         7

1.4     Igrowth hormone ibalulekile ekukhuthazeni ukukhula kwamathambo kunye
        nezihlunu. Inokuveliswa kubantu abangenokuyivelisa, okanye abayivelisa
        kancinci le hormone kusetyenziswa irecombinant DNA theknoloji.

                IHUMAN GROWTH HORMONE PRODUCTION KUSETYENZISWA
                          IRECOMBINANT DNA THEKNOLOJI.

                     Structure X

        1.4.1    Xela ibiotechnology prosesi eboniswe ngasentla.                                   (1)

        1.4.2    Chaza istructure X esifumaneka kwibhaktheriya cell esetyenziswe
                 kwiprosesi engentla.                                                              (1)

        1.4.3    Xela iiorganic catalyst ezisetyenziselwa ukusika istructure X.                    (1)

        1.4.4    Nika inzuzo ibeNYE:

                 (a)     Yokusetyenziswa kwegrowth hormone ziimbaleki                              (1)

                 (b)     Yeprosesi echazwe kuMBUZO 1.4.1 kubantu abanesifo seswekile               (1)

        1.4.5    Chaza iimpawu eziMBINI zeebhaktheria ezenza ukuba zilungele
                 ukusetyenziswa kwiprosesi engentla.                                               (2)

        1.4.6    Chaza ubeMNYE umsebenzi oqwalaselweyo weziphelo ezincangathi
                 njengoko kuboniswe kwiprosesi engasentla.                                         (1)

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8                                 LIFE SCIENCES P2                       (EC/SEPTEMBA 2024)

1.5    Idayagram engezantsi ibonisa iimodeli ezimbini ezisetyenziselwa ukucacisa
       itheory ye-evolution.

       1.5.1   Chaza i-evolutionary theory KUMODELI 2.                                     (1)

       1.5.2   Xela oososayensi       abaBINI    abeza    netheory   ye-evolution
               EKUMODELI 2.                                                                (2)

       1.5.3   Yeyiphi i-evolutionary MODEL u 1 okanye 2:

               (a)    Ebonisa utshintsho oluncinci ngokucotha kwizinto eziphilayo
                      ukusuka kwenye igeneration ukuya kwenye?                             (1)

               (b)    Exhaswa kukungabikho kwetransitional fosili?                         (1)

               (c)    Exhaswa ngusosayensi oweza netheory of evolution by
                      natural selection?                                                   (1)

       1.5.4   Chaza okwenzekayo kwispecies kwiindawo A noB KWIMODELI 2,
               ngokulandelelana.                                                           (2)

       1.5.5   Chaza uhlobo lwe-evolution apho kukho utshintsho kuphawu
               lwespecies esithile ngokuhamba kwexesha.                                    (1)

                                          EWONKE AMANQAKU ECANDELO A:                      50

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(EC/SEPTEMBA 2024)                       LIFE SCIENCES P2                                    9

ICANDELO B

UMBUZO 2

2.1    Idayagram engezantsi ibonisa iDNA molecule kunye nephase kwimeiosis.

                                                            B

                                    A

                                                                E

                                                                              C
                                        D

               DAYAGRAM1
                                                   DAYAGRAM 2

       2.1.1     Yeyiphi iphase yemeiosis emelwe KUDAYAGRAM 2?                              (1)

       2.1.2     Xela:

                 (a)     Indawo C                                                           (1)

                 (b)     Igama eliquka ichromosome B kunye no-E                             (1)

                 (c)     Iphase kwimeiosis apho indawo A yohlukana khona
                                                                                            (1)
       2.1.3     Zingaphi iichromatids ezineDNA efanayo evela kwiichromosome
                 ezihlikihlwe mnyama KUDAYAGRAM 2?                                          (1)

       2.1.4     Chaza ukwakhiwa kwenucleotide KUDAYAGRAM 1.                                (2)

       2.1.5     Nika igama kwaye uchaze ukubaluleka kweprosesi eyenzeka kwi-
                 DNA ngexesha leinterphase ze ikhokelele ekubonakaleni kwe-
                 chromosome KUDAYAGRAM 2.                                                   (3)

       2.1.6     Chaza indima yendawo D kwimetaphase I yemeiosis.                           (3)

2.2    Xela igama kwaye uchaze iprosesi apho itRNA idlala indima ekwakhiweni
       kweprotheni.                                                                         (5)

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10                                LIFE SCIENCES P2                            (EC/SEPTEMBA 2024)

2.3    Funda isicatshulwa esingezantsi.

       Igene Therapy yindlela yezonyango esebenzisa igenetic material ukuthintela
       kwaye izifo ezifana necystic fibrosis, isifo sesickle cell kunye nokuguga kwe-
       macular. Kwimacular degeneration iiretina cell zonakele. Ezi genetic
       diseases zibangelwa zii gene mutation kwiDNA molecule ekhokelela
       ekwenzekeni kweeprotheni ezineziphene. Kwigene therapy, iindawo
       zemutant gene ezilandelelanayo ziyasuswa kwiDNA ze zithathelwe indawo
       zijini echanekileyo ezilandelelanayo. Iistem cell zisetyenziswa ukudlulisa ijini
       ecanekileyo elandelelanayo ukuvelisa iprotheni esebenzayo.

       2.3.1   Xela ZibeMBINI iisource apho iistem cell zinokufunyanwa khona               (2)

       2.3.2   Nika sibesiNYE isifo sokubona eyenzelwe ukusinyanga I gene
               therapy.                                                                    (1)

       2.3.3   Igenetic mutation yenzeke kwisection yemolecule yeDNA njengoko
               kuboniswe ngezantsi.

                 Original sequence             TTT     TCA     GGT     ACG      CAC
                 Mutated sequence              TTT     TCA     GGT     ACC      CAC
                 Base triplet                   1       2       3       4        5

               Bhala I namba ye base triplet ebonakalisa I gene mutation.                  (1)

       2.3.4   Itheyibhile engezatsi ibonakalisa iicodon kunye nee amino acid
               ezizikhowudelayo.

                                  CODONS              AMINO ACIDS
                                    AAA                  Lysine
                                   GAG                Glutamic acid
                                    CAC                 Histidine
                                   UGC                  Cysteine
                                    ACU                Threonine
                                   AGU                   Serine
                                   GAU                  Aspartate
                                   UGG                 Tryptophan
                                   UUU                Phenylalanine
                                    CCA                  Proline
                                   GUG                   Valine

       (a)     Nika iamino acid ye base triplet 5 kuMBUZO 2.3.3.                           (1)

       (b)     Cacisa igene therapy ingalulungisa njani ulandelelwano olu mutated
               ukwenza iprotheyini esebenzayo.                                             (3)

       (c)     Zoba idayagram yemolecule ethwala I message e khowuded ye
               protein synthesis enee complementary codon ezichanekileyo ze
               base triplet 2.                                                             (4)

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(EC/SEPTEMBA 2024)                                LIFE SCIENCES P2                                      11

2.4    I-Leigh syndrome yiautosomal recessive genetic disorder enqabileyo
       echaphazela icentral nervous system kubantwana abancinci. Le meko
       inokuchaphazela nabantu abadala kwaye kwiimeko ezininzi ikhokelela ekufeni
       kwabantwana besebancinane.

       Ipedigree dayagram engezantsi ibonisa ukufuzwa kwale disorder kusapho.
       I-allele b isetyenziselwa abantu abachaphazelekayo.

                                              A                B

                          C           D               E              G         F

                     H          I         J                   K          L         M

        KEY

                     Unaffected male

                     Unaffected female

                         Affected male

       2.4.1     Ithetha ntoni iterm autosomal recessive?                                               (2)

       2.4.2     Bhala iLETTER yomntwana ekunokwenzeka ukuba afe kwi F2
                 generation.                                                                            (1)

       2.4.3     Chaza indlela umntwana okhankanywe                          kwiQUESTION   2.4.2
                 achaphazeleke ngayo kwiLeigh syndrome.                                                 (2)

       2.4.4     Chaza iMendelian law of dominance ekhoyo kwiiphenotype zabantu
                 ngabanye K, L kunye no-M.                                                              (1)

       2.4.5     Cacisa impendulo yakho kwiQUESTION 2.4.4.                                              (3)

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12                                LIFE SCIENCES P2                          (EC/SEPTEMBA 2024)

2.5   IFragile X syndrome yisex linked dominant inheritance. Iallele ebangela le
      meko yidominant-XR, ngelixa abantu abangenayo ifragile X syndrome
      banerecessive allele Xr.

      2.5.1    Chaza iphenotype yomntu onegenotype XRXr.                                      (2)

      2.5.2    Cacisa isizathu sokuba amadoda namabhinqa babe namathuba
               alinganayo okuba nefragile X syndrome.                                         (2)

      2.5.3    Indoda enegenotype XRY itshata nomfazi onegenotype XrXr.

               Sebenzisa igenetic cross ukucacisa iprobability yokuba esi sibini sibe
               nonyana onefragile X syndrome.                                              (7)
                                                                                          [50]

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(EC/SEPTEMBA 2024)                       LIFE SCIENCES P2                                     13

UMBUZO 3

3.1    Emahasheni, ibay hair coat colour (B) idominant kwi black hair coat colour (b),
       kunye ne smooth hair (H) idominant kwi-curly (h).
       Umfama uye waabrida iblack hair coated horses ezine curly hair ubomi bakhe
       bonke kwaye zonke iifoals (inzala) zisoloko zikhangeleka njengabazali bazo nge
       black hair coat ene curly hair.

       3.1.1    Nika isizathu esiNYE sokuba lo ngumzekelo wedihybrid cross.                    (1)

       3.1.2    Chaza uhlobo lokukhetha olwavumela umfama ukuba abride iiblack
                hair coated horses ezine curly hair bonke ubomi bakhe.                         (1)

       3.1.3    Cebisa ESINYE isizathu sokuba umfama abride iiblack hair coated
                horses ezine curly hair iigenerationi ezininzi.                                (1)

       3.1.4    Xela igenotype:

                (a)   Yomzali wehashi eline black hair coat ene curly hair                     (2)

                (b)   Ye gametes zehashi eliheterozygous kuzo zombini ihair colour ne
                      hair type                                                                (2)

       3.1.5    Chaza iphenotyhic ratio ye offspring eyakufumaneka ukuba amahashe
                amaBINI aheterozygous kwiicharacteristic zombini aye acroswa.                  (2)

3.2    Funda esi sicatshulwa singezantsi uze uphendule imibuzo elandelayo.

       IAfrican penguin population (iSpheniscus demersus) yehlile eMzantsi Afrika
       kwaye linokuba ngabikho ngo2035. Oku kungenxa yokulahleka kwendawo
       yokuhlala kunye nokuloba ngokugqithisileyo kokutya kwabo okuphambili,
       iisardini (ipilchardi). Ii African penguin zasezikhuphisana ngeendawo zokuloba
       zorhwebo eKapa neesardines. Iindawo zokuloba zorhwebo zixabisa iibhiliyoni
       zeerandi kwaye ziqeshe abantu abaninzi.

       IiSardine yisource yokutya okuneprotein engaxabisi kakhulu kwaye ivunwa
       ngobuninzi kwinyanga ka March ukuya kuMeyi eMzantsi Afrika ekwalixesha
       lokukhwelana kwepenguin yaseAfrika. Ngexesha lokukhwelana zombini
       iintlobano zeAfrican penguin zenza izandi ezivakalayo ukubiza amaqabane azo.
       Abalondolozi bendalo bafuna ukuba urhulumente anciphise inani leesardini
       ezivunwa ziindawo zokuloba zorhwebo.

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14                                  LIFE SCIENCES P2                        (EC/SEPTEMBA 2024)

      3.2.1    Nika ubungqina kwisicatshulwa obuchaza ukuba ipenguin yaseAfrika
               iya kutshabalala kwixesha elizayo.                                             (1)

      3.2.2    Ngokwesicatshulwa:

               (a)   Chaza izizathu eziBINI zokuncipha kwenani le African penguin.            (2)

               (b)   Chonga zibeMBINI iireproductive isolating mechanism ezikhoyo
                     kwiiAfrican penguin                                                      (2)

      3.2.3    Chaza indlela ukunciphisa inani leesardines ezivuniweyo:

               (a)   Kunokunciphisa uqoqosho                                                  (2)

               (b)   Kunokunceda kakuhle iipenguin zaseAfrika                                 (2)

3.3   Chaza ukuba senzeka njani ispecies esithsa kwi geographic barrier.                      (7)

3.4   U Little Foot yi-fossil ye-hominid eyafunyanwa kwimiqolomba yaseSterkfontein
      nguProffesor Ron Clarke Amathambo we little foot abonisa ukuba le fossil
      yayineempawu ezininzi ezifana nezo zifumaneka ebantwini.

          ANATOMICAL STRUCTURES OF THE GENUS THAT LITTLE FOOT
                             BELONGS TO

                     Cranium

                                                              Little Foot skull

                                                                                  C

                     A                            B                    D

      3.4.1    Lithini igama eliscientific le Little Foot?                               (1)

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(EC/SEPTEMBA 2024)                       LIFE SCIENCES P2                                       15

       3.4.2     Bhala I letter ebonisa ukuba igenus:

                 (a)   Yayineecanines ezincinci                                                 (1)

                 (b)   Ispinal column yayingena kwi skull vertically ukunceda
                       kwibipedalism                                                            (1)

                 (c)   Zazifana iiforelimb zazo nezabantu                                       (1)

       3.4.3     Chaza indlela istructure B esibonisa ngayo le genus itshintshe kakhulu
                 kune primitive ape kodwa itshintshe kancinci kunabantu.                        (2)

       3.4.4     Chaza ukubaluleka kwenguqu kubungakanani be-cranium be little foot
                 kobabantu banamhlanje.                                                         (2)

       3.4.5     I little foot isetyenziswa njengobungqina befossil kwi ‘Out-of-Africa’
                 hypothesis.

                 (a)   Xela obuNYE ubungqina obuhamba ne ‘Out-of-Africa’
                       hypothesis.                                                              (1)

                 (b)   Cacisa ukuba iifossil zegenus ye Little Foot zisetyenziswa njani
                       kwi ‘Out-of-Africa’ hypothesis.                                          (2)

Akuvumelekanga ukufotokopa                                                     Tyhila iphepha

                             Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.

### Page 16

Downloaded from hlayiso.com
16                                LIFE SCIENCES P2                          (EC/SEPTEMBA 2024)

3.5   ILaetoli footprints yi3,6 million old fossil eyafunyanwa yipalaeontologist uMary
      Leakey eTanzania. Ishape yeenyawo neenzwane ibonisa ukuba ezi footprints
      zenziwa yibipedal hominid ancestor eyayikwazi ukuma nkqo.

      Kwaqhutywa uphando ukufumanisa ukuba aba bantu benza iLaetoli footprints
      bahamba besebenzisa ibipedalism efana neyomntu okanye intshukumo efana
      ngakumbi neye-ape (i-bent-knee, i-bent-hip).

      Inkqubo yaba ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
      • Ubunzulu bokuba iinzwane zacinezela kuthuthu lweenyawo zeLaetoli
         ezigciniweyo zalinganiswa kwaye zabhalwa.
      • Abathathi-nxaxheba abasibhozo abangabantu bacelwa ukuba bahambe
         esantini kwaye ubunzulu beenyawo zabo balinganiswa kwaye babhalwa.
      • Abathathi-nxaxheba abangabantu emva koko bacelwa ukuba balinganise
         (ukukhuphela) ukuhamba kweeapes ngokusebenzisa intshukumo (bent-
         knee, bent-hip") efana neyeape ngokuhamba esantini.
      • Ubunzulu beenzwane zabo balinganiswa kwaye babhalwa.

      Iziphumo zophando zibhalwe kwigraph engezantsi.

      3.5.1    Chaza injongo yolu phando.                                                     (1)
      3.5.2    Xela ukuba i idependent variable yaamentwa njani kolu phando.                  (1)

      3.5.3    Nika abemaTHATHU amanyathelo okucwangcisa olu phando.                          (3)

      3.5.4    Nika izizathu eziBINI zokuba olu phando lungathathwa njengento
               engathembekanga.                                                               (2)

      3.5.5    Nika uhlobo lweefootprint ezinobunzulu obude beenzwane.                        (1)

      3.5.6    Inkulu izihlandlo ezingaphi I toe depth ye human-like bipedalism xa
               ithelekiswa ne Laetoli footprint. Bonisa ZONKE izibalo.                        (2)

      3.5.7    Zoba itheyibhile ebonisa inkcukacha ekwigrafu.                             (4)
                                                                                         [50]

                                            EWONKE AMANQAKU ECANDELO B:                   100
                                                      EWONKE AMANQAKU:                    150

Akuvumelekanga ukufotokopa                                                   Tyhila iphepha

                             Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.

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