# Economics Grade 11 Paper 1 Limpopo June 2023 Memo

> Grade 11 Economics Paper 1 memorandum from the Limpopo June Exam 2023, 28 pages. Read online or get the free PDF download, question paper linked when available.

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- Updated: 2026-09-27
- Subject: Economics
- Grade: Grade 11
- Document type: Memorandum
- Year: 2023
- Exam period: Limpopo June Exam
- Paper: 1
- Curriculum: CAPS
- Pages: 28

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## About this document

Economics · Grade 11 · Limpopo June Exam · 2023. Memorandum, 28 pages. Read online or download the PDF.

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Bren siy LIMPOPO
PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT

PUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA

DEPARTMENT OF

EDUCATION

NATIONAL

DURATION: 2 HRS

This question paper consists of 13 pages.

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INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION

Answer FOUR questions as follow in the answer book

SECTION A: COMPULSORY

SECTION B: Answer TWO questions.

SECTION C: Answer ONE question.

1 Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this
question paper.

2 Answer only the required number of questions. Answers in excess of the required
number will NOT be marked.

3 Answer the questions in full sentences and ensure that the format, content and
context of your response comply with the cognitive requirements of the questions.

4 Read the questions carefully.

5 Use only black or blue ink.

6 You may use a non-programmable pocket calculator.

7 Write neatly and legibly

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SECTION A: COMPULSORY (30 MARKS) 20 MINUTES
QUESTION 1
1.1 Various/possible options are provided as answers to be following questions.

Choosethe answer and write only letters (A-D) of the correct answer next to
the question numbers (1.1.1- 1.1.5) e.g. 1.1.6A

Resources are called .......... in the production process
A. — inputs

B. output

C. intermediate goods

D. final

The South African labour force is characterized by .....
A. skilled labour
B. — unskilled labour

C. highly skilled labour
D. unemployed labour

Double counting is a problem that occurs when the ......... method of calculating
GDP is used

A. — production

B. income

C. expenditure

D. domestic

seeeeeeees includes all possible errors that could have been made in the calculation
of the expenditure items.

Constant price

Gross capital formation
Residual items

Market prices

DOM>

Decisions-making within the market economy is......

A. concentrated ,
B. decentralized
C. autocratic

D. centralized

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1.1.6. In South Africa, SABC, ESKOM and SAA are known as...

corporates
enterprises

ota

com>

1.1.7. SANRAI “is responsible for maintaining the ........ in SA

harbours
railway network.
airports

national roads

DODP>

1.1.8. Most of the electricity supply in South Africa is derived from.....

A. nuclear energy

B. hydroelectric power

C. coal generated energy

D. wind energy (8X2) (16)
aa?

5]

im

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1.2 Choose a description from COLUMN B that matches the item in COLUMN A.
Write only the letter (A-l) next to the question number (1.2.1 — 1.2.8) in the

ANSWER BOOK.
COLUMNCA COLUMN B
1.2.1. Factors of production | A. occurs when the amount of capital per

worker is increased

et
1.2.2. Land

B.

Mineral resources and fossil fuels that
are exhausted when they are mined

1.2.3. Capital widening

C.

occurs when there is an increase in
capital to accommodate an increasing
labour force.

1.2.4. Non-renewable

refer to those inputs/resources that help
in the production process to produce
output

1.2.5. Primary sector

Any and all particular geographical
locations, mineral deposits, forests,
water, arable land, sunshine, fish stocks,
atmosphere quality etc.

1.2.6. NERSA

include education, health, social security
and welfare, housing and community
services i.e., protection, sanitation and
water

1.2.7. Dual economy

is involved in the extraction of raw
materials from nature.

1.2.8. Social services

Regulate the energy industry in
accordance with government laws,
policies, standards and international best
practices in support of sustainable
development

the existence of two different economic
sectors within one country divided by
different levels of development,
technology and different patterns of
demand pool

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1.3. Give ONE term for each of the following description. Write only the term next to
the question number (1.3.1 — 1.3.6)

1.3.1 The-resources that are scarce and that people are willing to
pay-for.

1.3.2 Thelactual amount of money that a worker receives in a specified
period.

1.3.3 Goods which can be consumed only once, and cease to exist after
being used.

1.3.4 A method whereby we determine the GDP at market prices by
adding the spending of the four main sectors.

1.3.5 An economic system where all economic decisions are made by
the government.

1.3.6 The basic social and physical facilities of a nation that make
business activity possible. (1x6) (6)

TOTAL SECTION A: 30

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SECTION B (CHOOSE ANY TWO QUESTIONS FROM THIS SECTION)

QUESTION: 2 40 MARKS - 30 MINUTES

2.1

2.2

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Answer)thefollowing questions

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2.1.1 Namé any TWO broad categories of labour. (2 x 1) (2)
2.1.2 Whyis the supply of land fixed? (1 x 2) (2)

Study the table below and answer the questions that follow

Consumption expenditure

Item Amount (000)
Consumption expenditure by households 150 000
Government expenditure 130 000
Gross capital formation 80 000

Gross domestic expenditure 360 000
Exports on goods and services 45 000
Imports on goods and services 65 000

GDP at market prices A

2.2.1 Identify the method used to calculate the GDP in the table above?

(1x1)

2.2.2 Name any other method that can be used to calculate the
GDP at market prices. (1x1)
2.2.3 Briefly describe the concept gross domestic expenditure. (1x2)

2.2.4 Explain the following components: GDE = C+ G+ |
2.2.5 Calculate the GDP at market prices (A). Show all calculations.

(1)
(1)
(2)

(2)
(4)

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2.3 Study the extract below and answer the questions that follow:

If there is no shop in a rural area, the state will tell one of the inhabitants to start
a spaza shop. By doing this, the state will decide what, how, and when to
produce.in order to uplift the society

(1x1) (1)

2.3.2 By whom are resources allocated in the above extract? (1x1) (1)
2.3.3 Briefly describe the term economic system. (1x2) (2)
2.3.4 Explain how service delivery can be improved in South Africa (1x2) (2)
2.3.5 Why is South Africa regarded as a mixed economy? (2x2) (4)
2.4. Why is entrepreneurship important in the economy? (8)

2.5. How successful has the government been in creating opportunities for
previously disadvantaged individuals through empowerment? (8)

[40]

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QUESTION 3 (40 MARKS) 30 MINUTES
3.1 Answer the following questions

———)
3.1.1 List any TWO main economic sectors when calculating GDP (P).

(2x1) (2)
3.1.2 Why is the gross domestic product of South Africa always greater
than the gross national product? (1x2) (2)
3.2. Study the table below and answer the questions that follow

GENERAL GOVERNMENT REDUCTION BY MAIN ECONOMIC
CLASSIFICATION IN Rm

2019/20 2020/21 2021/22
Compensation | -106 -93 98
of employees
Transfers and | -2 468 -4211 -8 909
subsidies
Goods and 5 -5 -6
services
TOTAL -2 579 -4 309

Source: www.treasury.gov.za

3.2.1. Name the other classification of consumption expenditure by
government. (1x1) (1)

3.2.2 What does compensation of employees consist of? (1x1) (1)

3.2.3 Briefly describe the term final consumption expenditure by
government (1x2) (2)

3.2.4 Explain the importance of final consumption expenditure by
households. laa? (1x2) (2)

3.2.5 How can the South African government achieve t!
estimated in the table above?

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3.3; Study the cartoon below and answer the questions that follow:

3.3.1 Which economic system is most closely related to capitalism?

(1x1) (1)

3.3.2 Name any other economic system except the one above. (1x1) (1)

3.3.3 Briefly describe the concept consumer sovereignty. (1x2) (2)
3.3.4 Explain briefly how competition acts as a controlling
mechanism in the free market economy (1x2) (2)

3.3.5 Why should the government intervene in the market
economy? (2x2) (4)

3.4 Differentiate between Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Gross
National Product (GNP) as main aggregates in the economy. (4x2) (8)

3.5. Analyse consumption expenditure by the South African households
during the 2020 lockdown. =

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QUESTION 4 (40 MARKS ) 30 MINUTES
4.1.1 List any TWO state owned enterprises in South Africa. (2x1) (2)
4.1.2 How does_the market economy solve the central problem in an

economy?> (1x2) (2)
4.2 Study the extract below and answer the questions that follow.

Eskom CEO plans operations overhaul with slower breakup mulled

In a plan unveiled in October, public enterprises minister, sets out a series of
steps to restore stability to Eskom, including exposing it to greater
competition, lowering fuel costs, increasing renewable —energy output and
selling non-core assets.

The minister also called for the utility to be split into three units — power
transmission, generation and distribution. That step would ease the way for
private generators to supply the national grid.

www.news24.com

4.2.1 Name one source of energy (1x1) (1)
4.2.2 In which sector of the economy does Eskom belong? (1x1) (1)
4.2.3 Briefly describe the concept of primary sector. (1x2) (2)
4.2.4 Why is there a need for Eskom to have competition? (1x2) (2)
4.2.5 How does the shortage of energy in South Africa affect the

economy? (2x2) (4)

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4.3 Study the table below and answer the questions that follow.

Gross value added by kind of economic activity

R millions—>

Mopani West/June 2023

Tanay 2020 2021
At current prices
Primary sector 491 860 627 753
Secondary sector 941 459 1 042 456
Tertiary sector 3 596 256 3 902 399
Gross value added at basic prices 5 029 575 5 572 608

4.3.1 Identify the method used to calculate the gross value added

from the table above.

(1x1) (1)

4.3.2 Name any ONE industry that falls under secondary sector. (1x1) (1)

4.3.3 Briefly describe the term constant prices.

(1x2) (2)

4.3.4 Why are current figures not a true reflection of a country’s

economic growth?

(1x2) (2)

4.3.5 Calculate the tertiary sector contribution percentage to the

national income for the year 2021.

(4)

4.4 Discuss social welfare and resource utilisation as advantages of a mixed

economy.

4.5. | Why is labour of great importance to the economy

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(8)

(8)
[40]

TOTAL SECTION B: 80

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SECTION C

Answer only ONE question from this section.

STRUCTURE OF-ESSAY MARK
ALLOCATION
Introduction Max. 2

+ Agood starting-point would be to define a concept or key word that
appears in the question.

* Include other sentences to support the topic

* Do not include in your introduction any part of the question.

Body:
Main part: Max. 26
Discuss in detail/in depth discussion/ Examine/ Critically discuss/ Analyse/
Compare/ Evaluate/ Distinguish/ Explain/ Assess/ Debate.

Additional part: Max. 10
Give own opinion/ Critically discuss/ Evaluate/ Explain/ Critically evaluate/
Draw a graph and explain/ Use the given graph and explain/ Complete the
given graph/Calculate/Deduce/Compare/Distinguish/Interpret/Briefly debate

Conclusion Max. 2

Any relevant higher order conclusion that should include:

* A brief summary of what has been discussed/analysed without repeating
facts already mentioned in the body.

* An opinion or valued judgement on the facts discussed/ analysis.

* Acontradictory viewpoint with motivation, if so required.

+ Recommendations

Total 40
QUESTION 5
e Discuss in detail the characteristics of natural resources. (26)
e Examine the positive effects of capital deepening. (10)
[40]
QUESTION 6
e Discuss in detail the economic importance of South Africa’s infrastructure. (26)
e¢ What might have led to the recent energy crises in South Afri¢a? (10)
[40]

TOTAL SECTIONC 40
GRAND TOTAL 150

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Es: LIMPOPO
PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT

PUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA

HB EDUCATION

NATIONAL

SENIOR CERTIFICATE

MOPANI WEST DISTRICT

GRADE 11

This marking guidelines consist of 15 ie

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SECTION A : COMPULSORY (30)
QUESTION 1

1.1 MULTIPLE-GHOICE
1.1.1. Actifputs) VV
1.1.2 Ba(unskilled labour) /V
1.1.3 A=(production) /V
1.1.4. C. (Residual items) /V

1.1.5. B. (decentralized) V/V

1.1.6. D (parastatals) /V

1.1.7. D. (national roads) /V

1.1.8. C. (coal generated energy) V/V (16)
1.2 MATCHING

1.2.1. DV (refer to those inputs/resources that help in the production process to
produce output)
1.2.2 EE. V (Any and all particular geographical locations, mineral deposits,
forests, water, arable land, sun-shine, fish stocks, atmosphere quality etc.).
1.2.3. C. Vv (occurs when there is an increase in capital to accommodate an
increasing labour force)
1.2.4. B. V (Mineral resources and fossil fuels that are exhausted when they are Mined)
1.2.5. G. Vv (Are involved in the extraction of raw materials from nature)
1.2.6. H. ¥ (Regulate the energy industry in accordance with government laws,

policies, standards and international best practices in support of
sustainable development)

1.2.7. |. Vv (the existence of two different economic sectors within one country

divided by different levels of development, technology and different
patterns of demand)

1.2.8. FV (include education, health, social security and welfare, housing and
community services i.e., protection, sanitation and water) (8)

1.3. CONCEPTS/TERMS

1.3.1 Economic goods. /

1.3.2. Nominal wage V

1.3.3 Non-durable goodsV

1.3.4. Expenditure method /

1.3.5. Communism /centrally planned economyV

1.3.6. Infrastructure V (6)
TOTAL SECTION A: 30

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SECTION B

QUESTION 2
2.1
2.1.1 Name any;TWO broad categories of labour
e SkillédabourY
e Semi-skilledV and
e Non-skilled labour. / (2)

2.1.2 Why is the supply of land fixed?
e The resources are not man-made//V
e These resources are scarce in relation to the demand for them//
e The availability of non-renewable resources cannot be increased if more
resources are required. /V (2)
(Accept any other correct relevant response)

2.2 DATA RESPONSE
2.2.1 Identify the method used to calculate the GDP in the table above?
e Expenditure method/GDP (E) V (1)

2.2.2 Name any other method that can be used to calculate the GDP at market
prices.
e Production/GDP (P) V

e Income/GDP (I) V (1)

2.2.3. Briefly describe the term Gross domestic expenditure.
e GDE indicates the total value of spending originating within the borders
of the country /V (2)
(Accept any other correct relevant response)

2.2.4 Explain the following components: GDE = C+ G+ I
e Gross domestic expenditure = Consumption expenditure by household +
Government expenditure + Investment by South Africanzbusinesses /V (2)

2.2.5 Calculate the GDP at market prices (A). Show all calculations
e 360 000 + 45 000V -— 65 000 V= 340 000VV
OR 340 000 VV (if only the answer given is 2 marks) (4)

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2.3
2.3.1

2.3.2

2.3.3

2.3.4

2.3.5

2.4

NSC-Marking guidelines

DATA RESPONSE
What type of economic system is referred to in the above extract?
e Centrally planned economy’ (1)

By whonrvare resources allocated in the above extract?
e Govetnment/State/Public sector’ (1)

Briefly describe the term economic system.
e It is the method used by countries to allocate their resources.//
(Accept any other correct, relevant response) (2)

Explain how service delivery can be improved in South Africa.
e By eradicating corruption, fraud and bribery/V
e Making government officials and employees accountable for the use
of state funds. //V (2)
(Accept any correct response)

Why is South Africa regarded as a mixed economy?

e The government plays a role in providing collective goods and services and
in regulating the market. /V

e South Africa has a dual economy with a highly developed financial and
industrial economy./V

e Consumers have the freedom to decide how to spend their income and what
to consume.//

e The Government uses sufficient monetary and fiscal policy to ensure
maximum economic growth and continuous stability of prices. //V

e The government's involvement in the markets entails intervention to control
prices to protect consumers and workers.// (4)

Why is entrepreneurship important in the economy?

e It provides good and services that consumers require to satisfy their needs
and wants. /V

e It provides employment to the citizens and by so doing;they put income into
their hands and standard of living improves. /V

e Entrepreneurship provides income to the owners of factors of production/V

e Itmakes production of goods and services possible by effectively combining
the other factors of production. /V

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e Entrepreneurs are innovators, they develop new products and change
process of production which creates further opportunities for other
entrepreneurs.//

e Entrepreneurship improves efficiency by ensuring that scarce resources are
optimally utilised. /V (8)

(Accept any correct response)

2.5 How successful has the government been in creating opportunities for
previously disadvantaged individuals through empowerment?

e By applying acts that ensures job opportunities are created for the previously
disadvantaged individuals to access the mainstream economy. //

e E.g. Employment Equity Act (EEA). It deals with the prohibition of unfair
discrimination and affirmative action.V

e Removing unfair discriminatory policies and practices. /V

e Ensuring that present employment policies promote the empowerment of
previously disadvantaged individuals. /V

e Ensuring the employed workforce mirror the economically active profile of the
South African population. V i.e., Broad Based Black Economic
Empowerment (BBBEE). /V

e Allowing black people to own, manage and control the country’s economy by
implementing BBBEE which decreases (racial) income inequalities
substantially. /V (8)
(Any other correct response)

[40]

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QUESTION 3

3.1
3.1.1. List any-TWO main economic sectors when calculating GDP(P).
e Primary sector /
e Secondary sector /
e Tertiary,sector V (2)

3.1.2 Why is the gross domestic product of South Africa always greater
than the gross national product?
e Foreigners’ contributions to our economy are more than our
contribution to theirs /V
e Only a few SA companies operate globally/V
(Accept any other correct response) (2)

3.2 DATA RESPONSE

3.2.1. Name the other classification of consumption expenditure by
government.
e Functional classification.V (1)

3.2.2. What does compensation of employees consist of?
e Salaries and wages./ (1)

3.2.3. Briefly describe the term final consumption expenditure
by government.
e Indicates how government uses its income to finance goods and services
needed by the public sector. /V (2)
(Accept any other correct relevant response)

3.2.4 Explain the importance of final consumption expenditure by households.
e Assess households’ stock on durable goods which reveals the level of
economic development of the country./V (2)
(Accept any other correct relevant response)

3.2.5 How can the South African government achieve the reductions estimated
in the table above?
The government can achieve the reductions by:
e Scaling down non-priority programs and projects. /V
e Changing service delivery models./V
e Using measures such as reducing costs and improving efficiency. /V

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3.3

3.3.1

3.3.2

3.3.3

3.3.4

3.4.

NSC-Marking guidelines

e Using technology more effectively. /V

e Fighting and correcting corruption./V

e Reducing government departments. /V (4)
(Accept.any other relevant correct response)

DATA RESPONSE

Which-economic system is most closely related to capitalism?
e Market economy/ Free market economy (1)

Name any other economic system except the one above.
e Centrally planned/ Command economic system/
e Mixed economic systemY (1)

Briefly describe the concept consumer sovereignty.
e A statement that expresses that the taste and preferences of consumers
determine what is produced. /V (2)

Explain briefly how competition acts as a controlling mechanism in the
free market economy

e It ensures that no single producer can control the price or market demand/V
e¢ Competition forces producers to produce the right quantity and quality/V

e lt ensures that businesses respond to consumer needs and wants. /V

e It forces producers to adopt the most efficient production techniquesV /
(Accept any correct response) (2)

Differentiate between Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Gross National
Product (GNP) as main aggregates in the economy.

Gross Domestic Product

e Is the total value of final goods and services produced within the borders of
the country within a particular time period usually a year./V

e Itis also called Gross Value Added and it includes foreigners operating
businesses in South Africa./V (4)

Gross National Product

e Is the total value of all final goods and services producédiby the permanent
residents of a country within a particular time period usually a year./V

e It only includes the production/income of South Africans. /V (4)
(Accept any other relevant correct response)

(8)

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3.5 Analyse consumption expenditure by the South African households
during the 2020 lockdown

e During-the second quarter of 2020 real final consumption expenditure by
households decreased significantly in all categories./

° Spending on durable and semi-durable goods contracted the most, as these
were mostly classified as non-essential during lockdown with sales
prohibited. //V

e Spending on alcohol and cigarettes also decreased since buying of these
products was prohibited during lock down./V

e Spending on transport and fuel also decreased because only essential
workers and a certain number of workers were permitted to work during
lockdown/Numerous workers worked from home during lockdown.//

e The real disposable income of households also contracted in the second
quarter of 2020 as the compensation of employees declined amid job losses
and reduced salary payments during lockdown.//

(Accept other correct relevant responses) (8)

[40]

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QUESTION 4
41
4.1.1 List any;TWO state owned enterprises in South Africa.

4.1.2

4.2
4.2.1

4.2.2

4.2.2

4.2.4

e Eskomy

e South-African Post Office (SAPO) Y

e SABCVY

e TransnetY

e SAAY

e DenelY (2)
(Accept other correct relevant responses)

How does the market economy solve the central problem in an economy?
e By using the market forces of supply and demand to solve the central

problem in a market economy.// (2)
(Accept any correct response)

DATA RESPONSE

Name one source of energy

¢ Coal’

Nuclear’

WaterY

WindY

GasV (1)

In which sector of the economy does Eskom belong?
e Secondary sector’ (1)

Briefly describe the concept of primary sector.
e The sector that is involved in the extraction of raw materials. /V (2)

Why is there a need for Eskom to have competition?
e In order to have enough supply and affordable energy,to,support economic
growth.//
e To reduce inefficiency that leads to problems such as load shedding/V
(2)

(Accept any relevant response)

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4.2.5

4.3

4.3.1

4.3.2

4.3.3

4.3.4

4.3.5

NSC-Marking guidelines

How does the shortage of energy in South Africa affect the economy?
e It disrupts production which leads to a decline in economic growth.//

e It causes an increase in cost of production which leads to inflation. VV (4)
(Acceptany correct response)

DATA RESPONSE

Identify the method used to calculate the gross value added
from the table above.

e Production’ (1)

Name any ONE industry that falls under secondary sector.
e Manufacturing/ Construction/ Electricity, water and gasV (1)

Briefly describe the term constant prices.
e Prices that are adjusted for price increases/ inflation. /V
(Accept any correct response) (2)

Why are current figures not a true reflection of a country’s economic
growth?

¢ Current figures do not include the rate of inflation.

e They do not reflect whether economic performance have increased or not. /V

(2)
Calculate the tertiary sector contribution percentage to the
national income for the year 2021.
= 3 902 399 / 5 572 608 X 100VV
= 70, 03 % OR 70, 02 % OR 70%VV (4)

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4.4. Discuss social welfare and resource utilisation as advantages of a mixed
economy.

Social welfare

e Ina mixed economy, planning is centralised and there is overall

e welfatey v

* Theres social security provided to the workersVV

e Inequalities in income and wealth are reduced when the government
provides various social grants to the poor such as disability grants, war
veteran grants, child support grants etc.//V

(Accept any other correct relevant response) (4)

Resource utilisation
e The resources are organised efficiently as good features of both capitalism
and socialism coexists/ V

e If there is a misallocation of resources the state controls and regulates it/V
(Accept any other correct relevant response) (4)

4.5 Why is labour of great importance in the economy?
e Workers income makes up the largest portion of total income in the South
African economy. /V
e Remuneration of labour is the main source of most households/V
e It contributes to the production of goods and services/V
e Itis vital to the production process, which cannot take place without
labour/V

e Labour makes it possible to use other factors of production. /V (8)
[40]

TOTAL SECTION B: 80

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SECTION C

QUESTION 5

e Discuss in detail the characteristics of natural resources. (26)
e Examine thespositive effects of capital deepening. (10)
INTRODUCTION-

Natural resources are resources that occur in their natural state and have economic
value as they are used to create wealth. /V
(Accept any correct introduction.)

BODY
MAIN PART
CHARACTERISTICS

Natural resources are the gifts of natureY
e Natural resources are provided by nature and for them to be used in production
process create goods and services, they should be gathered, excavated, grown and

be harvested. /V
e E.g., gold, forests etc./

They are unevenly spread across the world. V

e Some countries have rich supplies of natural resources, while others have fewer
natural resourcesVV.

e E.g. South Africa has rich deposits of gold, coal, platinum etc. V

e Other African countries do not have such natural resources, however other Northern
Africa countries have vast supplies of oil. V

The supply of natural resources is limited and fixed/

e The supply of natural resources is fixed and limited to what nature can supply. /V

e Supply is limited because the resources are not man-made. /V

e The resources are scarce in relation to their demandVV. ;

e Availability of non-renewable resources cannot be increased. AE

e Availability of renewable resources which have a limited supplyican be increased but
after a long period. /V —=

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Natural resources need to be processed/

e Most natural resources cannot be utilised in their natural state. /V

e The resources need to be processed first, at least once or many times before use.//

e E.g., pine furniture has to be first be processed from cutting down of pine tree until it
is a finished product that is ready for use.V

Natural resources can be exhausted and destroyedV

e Because of their limited supply, natural resource will eventually be used up as they
cannot be replaced.//

e Resources that cannot be replaced are called non-renewable and are exhaustible
resources./ /

e Renewable resources can be replaced after a long time and they are vulnerable for
destruction by humansVV e.g., rainforests./

Some natural resources are of strategic importance./

e When natural resource is a good source of income and earns foreign exchange, it is
said to have strategic value. /V

e E.g., gold in South AfricaY

(Accept any correct answer)

Maximum of 8 marks for mere listing (26)
ADDITIONAL PART

Capital deepening has the following positive effects:

e Productivity per worker increases as the amount of capital per worker increases. /V

e Efficiency per worker increases. /V

e As productivity per worker increase, real wages also increase. /V

e The economy will expand leading to a sustained real economic growth even without
technological process. /V

e Capital deepening is also thought to be a major factor — if not a prerequisite — of
economic development in emerging markets. /V

e Itis one of the most important sources of growth in modern economies. // (10)

(Accept any correct relevant response) im

(Maximum of 2 marks formere listing of facts)

CONCLUSION sit

¢ The significance of capital lies in its relationship with economic growth and must grow
at a rate which is equal or higher than the increase in the workforce.

(Accept any other higher order conclusion.) /V (2)

[40]

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QUESTION 6
e Discuss in detail the economic importance of South Africa’s infrastructure. (26)
e What might have led to the recent energy crises in South Africa? (10)

INTRODUCTION:

The smooth running of the production and distribution process of a country depends to
a large extent upon the existence of proper infrastructureV V
(Accept any other relevant correct response) (Max 2)

MAIN PART
Communication’

Communication is important for the following reasons:

e Cell phones and wireless technology has enabled entrepreneurs in remote and rural
areas to be able to set up small business. /V

e Knowledge is gained through communication which helps entrepreneurs to make the
correct business decisions. /V

e This knowledge also helps consumers to buy the right product to satisfy his or her
wants and needs./V

e This sector makes an important contribution to the GDP of a country./V

e It is a source of employment for all levels of labour from unskilled to technologically
skilled personnel./V

TransportY

The economic importance of transport

Transport is important for the following reasons:

e It brings the consumer and the manufacturer together./V

e It creates added value when goods are transported to different hiapes across the
country.// L

e It enables our goods to be traded internationally, thus contributing larger to the GDP
levels of the country. /V =

e Transport improves the efficiency of IDZs and SEZs./V

e lItis also source of employment for both skilled and unskilled labour.//V

(Accept any other relevant correct response)

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EnergyY

The economic importance of energy

It is crucial to“the functioning of modern society. /V

This includes industry and domestic consumption. /V

It makes the production of goods and services possible. /V

It is also source of employment for both skilled and unskilled labour. /V

(Accept any other relevant correct response) (26)

ADDITIONAL PART

e The recent energy crisis in South Africa might have been caused by the following
factors, amongst others:

- Anincrease in both the domestic and industrial consumption demand has put an
enormous pressure on the utility as the plants were not built to cater for the new
homesteads and industries.//

- Lack of competition also makes Eskom slightly inefficient in providing the entire
country with power as the sole supplier./V

- The alleged state capture, corruption also led to the misuse of funds at the utility
which funds were meant to develop or improve the existing plants. /V

- The appointment of incompetent people in the key positions of power at Eskom
also contributed to the current crisis. /V

- The cyclone in Mozambique also disturbed the supply of energy across the
country. /V

- An increase in the international demand as Eskom also supplies the SADC
neighbouring countriesV /

- Lack of proper service of facilities in all the plants. /V

(Accept any other relevant correct response) Max: (10)

CONCLUSION

The incoming national administration has to ensure that all the rot-and corruption that

has become synonymous with the country’s SOEs is arrested and-that the competent

personnel is appointed to run and manage them. /V

(Accept any other relevant correct response) (Max: 2)
[40]

TOTAL SECTION C: 40
GRAND TOTAL: 150

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