# Physical Sciences Grade 12 P2 Eastern Cape Mock 2016 QP > Grade 12 Physical Sciences Paper 2 question paper from the Eastern Cape Mock Exam 2016 (English), 24 pages. Read online or download the free PDF. - Page: https://www.hlayiso.com/library/physical-sc-p2-sept-2016-qp-eng/7f759a6e-8648-4f8e-9bd0-01e989bc56c8 - Updated: 2026-09-27 - Subject: Physical Sciences - Grade: Grade 12 - Document type: Question paper - Year: 2016 - Exam period: Eastern Cape Mock Exam - Paper: 2 - Curriculum: CAPS - Pages: 24 Breadcrumbs: [Home](https://www.hlayiso.com/) › [Library](https://www.hlayiso.com/library) › [Grade 12](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/grade-12) › [Physical Sciences](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/grade-12/physical-sciences) › [Physical Sciences Grade 12 P2 Eastern Cape Mock 2016 QP](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/physical-sc-p2-sept-2016-qp-eng/7f759a6e-8648-4f8e-9bd0-01e989bc56c8) ## About this document Physical Sciences · Grade 12 · Eastern Cape Mock Exam · 2016. Question paper, 24 pages. Read online or download the PDF. Read it free online on the page above; download the PDF from there. ## Document text Text extracted from the PDF. Layout, diagrams and tables may not survive extraction. ### Page 1 Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 12 SEPTEMBER 2016 PHYSICAL SCIENCES P2 MARKS: 150 TIME: 3 hours *PHSCE2* This question paper consists of 18 pages, including data sheets. ### Page 2 Downloaded from hlayiso.com 2 PHYSICAL SCIENCES P2 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2016) INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION 1. Write your full NAME and SURNAME in the appropriate spaces on the ANSWER BOOK. 2. This question paper consists of TEN questions. Answer ALL the questions in the ANSWER BOOK. 3. Start EACH question on a NEW page in the ANSWER BOOK. 4. Number your answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this question paper. 5. Leave ONE line between two sub questions, for example between QUESTION 2.1 and QUESTION 2.2. 6. You may use a non-programmable calculator. 7. You may use appropriate mathematical instruments. 8. You are advised to use the attached DATA SHEETS and PERIODIC TABLE. 9. Show ALL formulae and substitutions in ALL calculations. 10. Round off your final numerical answers to a minimum of TWO decimal places. 11. Give brief motivations, discussions et cetera where required. 12. Write neatly and legibly. Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 3 Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/SEPTEMBER 2016) PHYSICAL SCIENCES P2 3 QUESTION 1: MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS Four possible options are provided as answers to the following questions. Each question has only ONE correct answer. Write only the correct letter (A to D) next to the question number (1.1 to 1.10) in the ANSWER BOOK, for e.g. 1.11 E. 1.1 The temperature at which the solid and liquid phases of a substance are at equilibrium is known as the … A boiling point. B melting point. C change in enthalpy. D standard temperature. (2) 1.2 Which ONE of the following compounds represents the first member of the ketones? A HCHO B CH3OH C H3COCH3 D CH3CH2COOH (2) 1.3 The following reaction is a Lowry-Bronsted acid base reaction. NH3(g) + HCℓ(g) ⇋ NH4Cℓ(g) The reason the reaction is classified as an acid base reaction is that … A NH3 accepts a proton. B HCℓ accepts a proton. C NH3 donates a proton. D HCℓ donates an electron. (2) 1.4 In which ONE of the following solutions will the concentration of the hydroxide ions [OH-] be less than 10-7 mol∙dm-3 at 25 oC? A KCℓ(s) + H2O(ℓ) →K+(aq) + Cℓ-(aq) B NaCℓ(s) + H2O(ℓ) →Na+(aq) + Cℓ-(aq) C NH4Cℓ(s) + H2O(ℓ)→ NH4+(aq) + Cℓ-(aq) D Na2CO3(s) + H2O(ℓ) → 2Na+(aq) + CO32-(aq) (2) 1.5 Which ONE of the following compounds is the final product in the contact process? A NH3 B HNO3 C H2SO4 D (NH4)2SO4 (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 4 Downloaded from hlayiso.com 4 PHYSICAL SCIENCES P2 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2016) 1.6 The reaction represented by the equation below reaches equilibrium in a sealed container: CaCO3(s) → CaO(s) + CO2(g) ∆H >0 The pressure on the system is increased by decreasing the volume at constant temperature. How does the concentration of CO2, [CO2], and the equilibrium constant Kc change when equilibrium is re-established? [CO2] Kc A Remains constant Remains constant B Higher Higher C Lower Remain constant D Lower Lower (2) 1.7 Three catalysts are used separately to increase the rate of a hypothetical reaction. In the diagram below, E1, E2 and E3 represent the effect of each catalyst on the activation energy (E0) for the reaction. Number of molecules 0 Ek E1 E2 E3 E0 Which ONE of the following is the activation energy for the reaction with the HIGHEST rate? A E1 B E2 C E3 D E0 (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 5 Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/SEPTEMBER 2016) PHYSICAL SCIENCES P2 5 1.8 Which ONE of the following is a PRODUCT of the HYDROGENATION of ethene? A B C D (2) 1.9 Which ONE of the following correctly defines electrolysis? A Decomposition of an ionic compound by using heat. B The use of electrical energy to produce a chemical change. C A solution or liquid that conducts electricity through the movement of ions. D The chemical process in which chemical energy is converted to electrical energy. (2) 1.10 Consider the electrochemical cell based on the following reaction: 2Cr3+(aq) + Cr(s) → 3Cr2+ The table below describes the concentration of Cr2+ ions at the electrodes, as well as the movement of anions in the cell. Which ONE of the following combinations is CORRECT when the cell delivers electric current? Concentration of Concentration Movement of anions [Cr2+] at cathode of [Cr2+] at anode A Decreases Increases Towards anode B Decreases Decreases Towards cathode C Increases Increases Towards both anode and cathode D Increases Increases Towards anode (2) [20] Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 6 Downloaded from hlayiso.com 6 PHYSICAL SCIENCES P2 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2016) QUESTION 2 (Start on a NEW PAGE.) The letters below A to F in the table below represent six organic compounds. A B C C3H7Cℓ D Propanoic acid E Polyethene F CnH2nO2 Use the information in the table to answer the questions that follow: 2.1 Write down the letter of the compound that … 2.1.1 has a carboxyl group. (1) 2.1.2 is used to make plastic. (1) 2.2 Write down the … 2.2.1 IUPAC name of compound B. (2) 2.2.2 STRUCTURAL FORMULA of the monomer of compound E. (2) 2.3 Compound A is an alkane. Write down the … 2.3.1 GENERAL FORMULA for alkanes. (1) 2.3.2 MOLECULAR FORMULAE of each of the two products obtained during the complete combustion of compound A. (2) 2.4 Compound C is a primary haloalkane: 2.4.1 Write down the STRUCTURAL FORMULA and IUPAC name of a STRUCTURAL ISOMER of compound C. (4) 2.4.2 Classify the isomer in QUESTION 2.4.1 as CHAIN, POSITIONAL or FUNCTIONAL. (1) 2.5 Chemical analysis of compound F shows that it has the following percentage composition: x% carbon (C), y% hydrogen (H) and 12,5% oxygen (O). Use a calculation to determine the value of x. (4) [18] Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 7 Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/SEPTEMBER 2016) PHYSICAL SCIENCES P2 7 QUESTION 3 (Start on a NEW PAGE.) 3.1 The flow diagram below shows two organic reactions in which 2-chlorobutane reacts with potassium hydroxide (KOH) under different reaction conditions. 2-chlorobutane KOH Alkene Reaction 2 (Major Product) Reaction 1 KOH Alcohol Use the information in the flow diagram to answer the questions that follow: 3.1.1 Write down the … (a) type of reaction of which Reaction 1 is an example. (1) (b) IUPAC name of the alcohol. (2) 3.1.2 Which ONE of the reactions, 1 or 2, uses concentrated potassium hydroxide? (1) 3.1.3 Write down the STRUCTURAL FORMULA of the alkene. (2) 3.2 A small sample of propyl methanoate is prepared in a school laboratory using an alcohol and a carboxylic acid in the presence of a catalyst. The reaction mixture is heated in a water bath. Write down the … 3.2.1 reason why the reaction mixture is heated in a water bath instead of heating directly. (1) 3.2.2 STRUCTURAL FORMULA of the alcohol. (2) 3.2.3 IUPAC name of the carboxylic acid. (1) [10] Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 8 Downloaded from hlayiso.com 8 PHYSICAL SCIENCES P2 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2016) QUESTION 4 (Start on a NEW PAGE.) There are three chain isomers having the molecular formula, C5H12. In a practical investigation, vapour pressure data for the three chain isomers A, B and C is collected and plotted on a graph as shown below. 4.1 Define the term chain isomer. (2) 4.2 Use the graph to estimate the vapour pressure of the straight chain isomer of C5H12 at 20 oC. (1) 4.3 Write down the STRUCTURAL FORMULA of compound C. (2) 4.4 Explain the difference in the vapour pressure of compound A and B. In your explanation refer to the STRUCTURE of the molecules, the TYPE and STRENGTH of the INTERMOLECULAR FORCE(S). (3) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 9 Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/SEPTEMBER 2016) PHYSICAL SCIENCES P2 9 4.5 The learners also collected boiling point data for compounds D, E and F as shown in the table below. Compound Condensed Structural Formula Boiling point (°C) D CH3OH 78 E CH3CH2CH2OH 97 F CH3Cℓ2 39,6 4.5.1 Write down the NAME of the type of intermolecular force that is responsible for the difference in the boiling points of compound D and E. (2) 4.5.2 Explain the difference in the boiling points of compounds D and F by referring to the TYPE and STRENGTH of intermolecular forces. (3) Compound F is prepared at standard conditions (STP) by the reaction between methane and chlorine as shown by the equation: CH4(g) + Cℓ2(g) → CH2Cℓ2(g) + H2(g) 4.5.3 Write down the NAME of the type of reaction that leads to the formation of compound F. (1) 4.5.4 In the reaction 21,88 dm3 of CH4 produces 0,043 kg of CH2Cℓ2. Calculate the percentage yield in this reaction. (5) [19] Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 10 Downloaded from hlayiso.com 10 PHYSICAL SCIENCES P2 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2016) QUESTION 5 (Start on a NEW PAGE.) Learners investigate some of the factors that influence the rate of a chemical reaction. In the experiment they add equal amounts of each of three different metals separately to equal volumes of EXCESS dilute hydrochloric acid solution. In each experiment the acid completely covers the metal. The data obtained is recorded as in the table below: Experiment Amount of Change in temperature of Time taken to run to metal powder solution (°C) (Tfinal –Tinitial) completion 1 0,1 mol Zn +23 25,2 2 0,1 mol Mg +37 8,3 3 0,1 mol Cu 0 No reaction 5.1 Is the reaction in Experiment 1 ENDOTHERMIC or EXOTHERMIC? Give a reason for your answer. (Use the information in the table). (2) 5.2 Which factor influencing reaction rate is investigated? (1) 5.3 How will the total volume of hydrogen gas produced in Experiment 2 compare with the total volume of hydrogen gas produced in Experiment 1 at the end of the reactions? Write down HIGHER THAN, EQUAL TO or SMALLER THAN. Give a reason for your answer. (2) 5.4 The graphs obtained for Experiment 1 and Experiment 2, labelled as 1 and 2 respectively, are sketched on the same set of axes as shown below: Volume of 2 1 hydrogen gas (dm3) 0 t1 t2 t3 Time (s) 5.4.1 In which experiment does the reaction occur at a higher reaction rate at time t1? (1) 5.4.2 Explain the answer to QUESTION 5.4.1 by referring to the relative strength of reducing agents involved. (2) 5.5 In another experiment, Experiment 4, the same reaction conditions are repeated as in Experiment 2, but the reaction mixture is heated. The rate of reaction is HIGHER for Experiment 4 than 2. Explain why the reaction rate is HIGHER for Experiment 4 than 2 by referring to the collision theory. (3) [11] Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 11 Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/SEPTEMBER 2016) PHYSICAL SCIENCES P2 11 QUESTION 6 (Start on a NEW PAGE.) The reaction represented by the equation below reaches equilibrium in a closed container. N2(g) + 3H2(g) ⇋ 2NH3(g) ∆H = -92 kJ 6.1 Is the above equilibrium HOMOGENEOUS or HETEROGENEOUS? Give a reason for the answer. (2) 6.2 Changes were made to the TEMPERATURE, PRESSURE and CONCENTRATION of the above equilibrium mixture. The graphs below represent the results obtained. 6.2.1 What changes were made to the reaction conditions at each of the following times? (a) t1 (1) (b) t2 (1) 6.2.2 How does the rate of the forward reaction compare to the rate of the reverse reaction between 0 and t1? Write down HIGHER THAN, LOWER THAN or EQUAL TO. (1) 6.3 Equal number of moles of hydrogen gas and nitrogen gas are injected into a sealed 1 dm3 container. When the reaction reaches equilibrium at temperature T1 it is found that 10% of the original amount of hydrogen is left in the container. The value of Kc at temperature T1 is 1,426 × 103. 6.3.1 Calculate the initial mass of N2 in the container. (10) 6.3.2 Use your knowledge of Le Chatelier’s principle to explain how an increase in temperature will affect the value of Kc. (3) [18] Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 12 Downloaded from hlayiso.com 12 PHYSICAL SCIENCES P2 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2016) QUESTION 7 (Start on a NEW PAGE.) Learners perform a titration to standardise a dilute sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution. They use standard oxalic acid (H2C2O4.2H2O) solution of concentration 0,02 mol∙dm-3. The titration is repeated three times after which the average volume readings are calculated as shown in the table below: Titrations Volume of oxalic acid solution (cm3) Volume NaOH solution (cm3) 1 25 20,24 2 25 19,80 3 25 19,87 Average 25 19,97 7.1 What does the term standard solution mean? (2) 7.2 Give a reason why the titration is repeated three times. (1) 7.3 The balanced equation for the reaction taking place is: H2C2O4.2H2O(aq) + 2NaOH(aq) → Na2C2O4(aq) + 4H2O(ℓ) Calculate the number of moles of oxalic acid reacting. (3) 7.4 The dilute solution of sodium hydroxide used in the titration was obtained by adding 90 cm3 of water to 10 cm3 of a sodium hydroxide solution. Calculate the pH of the sodium hydroxide solution BEFORE dilution. (8) [14] Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 13 Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/SEPTEMBER 2016) PHYSICAL SCIENCES P2 13 QUESTION 8 (Start on a NEW PAGE.) 8.1 Consider the electrochemical cell below. Electrode Y in half cell B is an inert metal For the electrochemical cell, write down … 8.1.1 ONE function of the saltbridge. (1) 8.1.2 the voltmeter reading when the cell reaction reaches equilibrium. (1) 8.1.3 name or formula of the inert metal Y. (1) 8.1.4 name or formula of the oxidising agent. (1) 8.1.5 half reaction taking place on the surface of electrode Y. (2) 8.2 The initial EMF of the above electrochemical cell under standard conditions is 0,83 V. Identify metal X by calculation. (5) 8.3 Write down the cell notation for this cell. (3) [14] Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 14 Downloaded from hlayiso.com 14 PHYSICAL SCIENCES P2 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2016) QUESTION 9 (Start on a NEW PAGE.) 9.1 Two different cells, A and B are shown in the diagrams below. Cell A contains a concentrated solution of sodium chloride (NaCℓ) and cell B contains a concentrated solution of copper(II) chloride (CuCℓ2). P, Q, R and S are identical carbon electrodes. Chlorine gas is formed at electrode P and S. Power source Power source P Q R S NaCℓ (aq) CuCℓ2 (aq) Cell A Cell B 9.1.1 Is cell A ELECTROLYTIC or GALVANIC? Give a reason for your answer. (2) 9.1.2 Write down the equation for the half reaction taking place at electrode Q. (2) 9.1.3 Write down the NAME or SYMBOL of the product formed at electrode R. (1) 9.1.4 What happens to the concentration of the electrolyte in cell B when the cell is in operation? Write down INCREASES, DECREASES or REMAINS THE SAME. Give a reason for the answer. (3) 9.2 Aluminium is obtained from alumina (Aℓ2O3) using an electrolytic process. In the process, cryolite (Na3AℓF6), is added to alumina in order to reduce the melting point of alumina. 9.2.1 Give a reason why it is necessary to melt alumina before electrolysis. (1) 9.2.2 The electrolyte in the cell contains Na+ ions. Refer to the attached Table of Standard reduction Potentials to explain why the Na+ ions will not affect the purity of the aluminium obtained during this process. (3) [12] Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 15 Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/SEPTEMBER 2016) PHYSICAL SCIENCES P2 15 QUESTION 10 (Start on a new page.) The flow diagram below shows the steps involved in the industrial preparation of ammonia and nitric acid. H2 STEP 1 STEP 2 Ammonia NO NO2 STEP 3 Fractional distillation HNO3 of air 10.1 Write down the name of … 10.1.1 gas A. (1) 10.1.2 the catalyst used in the preparation of ammonia. (1) 10.2 The reaction in STEP 2, reaches equilibrium according to the equation below: 2NO(g) + O2(g) ⇋ 2NO2(g) ∆H = -149,1 kJ Calculate the amount of the net energy released (in kJ) by the reaction when 1,12 g of the initial amount of NO(g) is used up. (4) 10.3 Nitric acid reacts with ammonia to produce a fertiliser. 10.3.1 Classify the reaction taking place as PROTOLYTIC or REDOX. (1) 10.3.2 Write down a balanced equation for the reaction. (3) 10.4 A 50 kg bag of N:P:K fertiliser is labelled 7:1:3(60). Calculate the mass of potassium in the bag of fertiliser. (3) 10.5 Name ONE negative effect of the overuse of nitrogen based fertilisers on the environment. (1) [14] TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 16 Downloaded from hlayiso.com ### Page 17 Downloaded from hlayiso.com 16 PHYSICAL SCIENCES P2 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2016) NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE NASIONALE SENIOR SERTIFIKAAT DATA FOR PHYSICAL SCIENCES GRADE 12 PAPER 2 (CHEMISTRY) GEGEWENS VIR FISIESE WETENSKAPPE GRAAD 12 VRAESTEL 2 (CHEMIE) TABLE 1: PHYSICAL CONSTANTS/TABEL 1: FISIESE KONSTANTES NAAM/NAME SIMBOOL/SYMBOL WAARDE/VALUE Standard pressure  p 1,013 x 105 Pa Standaarddruk Molar gas volume at STP Vm 22,4 dm3∙mol-1 Molêre gasvolume teen STD Standard temperature Tθ 273 K Standaardtemperatuur Charge on electron e -1,6 x 10-19 C Lading op elektron Avogadro’s constant NA 6,02 x 1023 mol-1 Avogadro se konstante TABLE 2: FORMULAE/TABEL 2: FORMULES m n m n= or/of c= or/of c = pH= -log[H3O+] M V MV Kw = [H3O+][OH-] = 1x10-14 N ca Va na at /by 298K n= N or/of = A cb Vb nb V n= V o Eθcell = Eθcathode – Eθanode / Eθsel = Eθkatode – Eθanode Eθcell = Eθreduction – Eθoxidation / Eθsel = Eθreduksie – Eθoksidasie Eθcell = Eθoxidising agent – Eθreducing agent / Eθsel = Eθoksideermiddel – Eθreduseermiddel Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 18 Downloaded from hlayiso.com ### Page 19 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2016) Downloaded from hlayiso.com PHYSICAL SCIENCES P2 16 TABLE 3: THE PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS/TABEL 3: DIE PERIODIEKE TABEL VAN ELEMENTE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 (I) (II) (III) (IV) (V) (VI) (VII) (VIII) KEY/ SLEUTEL Atoomgetal 1 Atomic number 2 2,1 H He 1 29 4 3 4 Elektronegatiwiteit Simbool 5 6 7 8 9 10 1,0 Li 1,5 Be Electronegativity 1,9 Cu Symbol 2,0 B 2,5 C 3,0 N 3,5 O 4,0 F Ne 7 9 63,5 11 12 14 16 19 20 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 0,9 Na 1,2 Mg Benaderde relatiewe atoommassa 1,5 Aℓ 1,8 Si 2,1 P 2,5 S 3,0 Cℓ Ar 23 24 Approximate relative atomic mass 27 28 31 32 35,5 40 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 0,8 K 1,0 Ca 1,3 Sc 1,5Ti 1,6 V 1,6 Cr 1,5 Mn 1,8 Fe 1,8 Co 1,8Ni 1,9 Cu 1,6 Zn 1,6 Ga 1,8 Ge 2,0 As 2,4 Se 2,8 Br Kr 39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 63,5 65 70 73 75 79 80 84 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 0,8 Rb 1,0 Sr 1,2 Y 1,4Zr Nb 1,8 Mo 1,9 Tc 2,2 Ru 2,2 Rh 2,2 Pd 1,9 Ag 1,7 Cd 1,7 In 1,8 Sn 1,9 Sb 2,1 Te 2,5 I Xe 86 88 89 91 92 96 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131 55 56 57 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 0,7 Cs 0,9 Ba La 1,6Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg 1,8 Tℓ 1,8 Pb 1,9 Bi 2,0 Po 2,5 At Rn 133 137 139 179 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209 87 88 89 0,7 Fr 0,9 Ra Ac 226 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu 140 141 144 150 152 157 159 163 165 167 169 173 175 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr 232 238 Please turn over ### Page 20 Downloaded from hlayiso.com ### Page 21 Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/SEPTEMBER 2016) PHYSICAL SCIENCES P2 17 TABLE 4A: STANDARD REDUCTION POTENTIALS TABEL 4A: STANDAARD REDUKSIEPOTENSIALE Half-reactions/Halfreaksies θ E (V) F2(g) + 2e ⇌ 2F + 2,87 Co3+ + e ⇌ Co2+ + 1,81  ⇌ + 2H2O +1,77 H2O2 + 2H +2e  MnO 4 + 8H+ + 5e ⇌ Mn2+ + 4H2O + 1,51   Cℓ2(g) + 2e ⇌ 2Cℓ + 1,36 2 Cr2O 7 + 14H+ + 6e ⇌ 2Cr3+ + 7H2O + 1,33 O2(g) + 4H+ + 4e ⇌ 2H2O + 1,23 MnO2 + 4H+ + 2e ⇌ Mn2+ + 2H2O + 1,23 Pt2+ + 2e ⇌ Pt + 1,20   Br2(ℓ) + 2e ⇌ 2Br + 1,07  ⇌ Increasing reducing ability/Toenemende reduserende vermoë NO 3 + 4H+ + 3e NO(g) + 2H2O + 0,96 Increasing oxidising ability/Toenemende oksiderende vermoë Hg2+ + 2e ⇌ Hg(ℓ) + 0,85  ⇌ + Ag + e Ag + 0,80  NO 3 + 2H+ + e ⇌ NO2(g) + H2O + 0,80 Fe3+ + e ⇌ Fe2+ + 0,77  ⇌ + H2O2 + 0,68 O2(g) + 2H + 2e I2 + 2e ⇌ 2I + 0,54 Cu+ + e ⇌ Cu + 0,52 SO2 + 4H+ + 4e ⇌ S + 2H2O + 0,45   2H2O + O2 + 4e ⇌ 4OH + 0,40 Cu2+ + 2e ⇌ Cu + 0,34 2 SO 4 + 4H+ + 2e ⇌ SO2(g) + 2H2O + 0,17 Cu2+ + e ⇌ Cu+ + 0,16  ⇌ Sn2+ 4+ + 0,15 Sn + 2e S + 2H+ + 2e ⇌ H2S(g) + 0,14 2H+ + 2e ⇌ H2(g) 0,00 Fe3+ + 3e ⇌ Fe  0,06 Pb2+ + 2e ⇌ Pb  0,13 Sn2+ + 2e ⇌ Sn  0,14 Ni 2+ + 2e  ⇌ Ni  0,27 Co2+ + 2e ⇌ Co  0,28 Cd2+ + 2e ⇌ Cd  0,40 Cr3+ + e ⇌ Cr2+  0,41 Fe2+ + 2e ⇌ Fe  0,44 Cr3+ + 3e ⇌ Cr  0,74 Zn2+ + 2e ⇌ Zn  0,76 2H2O + 2e ⇌ H2(g) + 2OH  0,83 Cr 2+ + 2e  ⇌ Cr  0,91 Mn2+ + 2e ⇌ Mn  1,18 Aℓ3+ + 3e ⇌ Aℓ  1,66 Mg2+ + 2e ⇌ Mg  2,36 Na + e +  ⇌ Na  2,71 Ca2+ + 2e ⇌ Ca  2,87 Sr2+ + 2e ⇌ Sr  2,89 2+ Ba + 2e  ⇌ Ba  2,90 Cs+ + e- ⇌ Cs - 2,92 K+ + e ⇌ K  2,93 Li+ + e ⇌ Li  3,05 Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 22 Downloaded from hlayiso.com ### Page 23 Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/SEPTEMBER 2016) PHYSICAL SCIENCES P2 18 TABLE 4B: STANDARD REDUCTION POTENTIALS TABEL 4B: STANDAARD REDUKSIEPOTENSIALE Half-reactions/Halfreaksies θ E (V) Li+ + e ⇌ Li  3,05 K+ + e ⇌ K  2,93 Cs+ + e ⇌ Cs  2,92 Ba2+ + 2e ⇌ Ba  2,90 Sr2+ + 2e ⇌ Sr  2,89 Ca2+ + 2e ⇌ Ca  2,87 Na + e+  ⇌ Na  2,71 Mg2+ + 2e ⇌ Mg  2,36 Aℓ3+ + 3e ⇌ Aℓ  1,66 Mn2+ + 2e ⇌ Mn  1,18 Increasing reducing ability/Toenemende reduserende vermoë Cr2+ + 2e ⇌ Cr  0,91 2H2O + 2e H2(g) + 2OH  0,83 Increasing oxidising ability/Toenemende oksiderende vermoë ⇌ Zn2+ + 2e ⇌ Zn  0,76 3+ Cr + 3e  ⇌ Cr  0,74 Fe2+ + 2e ⇌ Fe  0,44 Cr3+ + e ⇌ Cr2+  0,41 Cd2+ + 2e ⇌ Cd  0,40 Co2+ + 2e ⇌ Co  0,28 Ni2+ + 2e ⇌ Ni  0,27 2+ Sn + 2e  ⇌ Sn  0,14 Pb2+ + 2e ⇌ Pb  0,13 Fe3+ + 3e ⇌ Fe  0,06 2H+ + 2e ⇌ H2(g) 0,00  ⇌ + S + 2H + 2e H2S(g) + 0,14 Sn4+ + 2e ⇌ Sn2+ + 0,15  ⇌ Cu+ 2+ Cu + e + 0,16 2 SO 4 + 4H+ + 2e ⇌ SO2(g) + 2H2O + 0,17 Cu2+ + 2e ⇌ Cu + 0,34   2H2O + O2 + 4e ⇌ 4OH + 0,40 SO2 + 4H+ + 4e ⇌ S + 2H2O + 0,45 Cu+ + e ⇌ Cu + 0,52 I2 + 2e ⇌ 2I + 0,54  ⇌ + O2(g) + 2H + 2e H2O2 + 0,68 Fe3+ + e ⇌ Fe2+ + 0,77  NO 3 + 2H+ + e ⇌ NO2(g) + H2O + 0,80 Ag+ + e ⇌ Ag + 0,80  2+ Hg + 2e ⇌ Hg(ℓ) + 0,85  NO 3 + 4H+ + 3e ⇌ NO(g) + 2H2O + 0,96   Br2(ℓ) + 2e ⇌ 2Br + 1,07 Pt2+ + 2 e ⇌ Pt + 1,20 MnO2 + 4H+ + 2e ⇌ Mn2+ + 2H2O + 1,23  ⇌ + O2(g) + 4H + 4e 2H2O + 1,23 2 ⇌ 3+ Cr2O 7 + 14H+ + 6e 2Cr + 7H2O + 1,33   Cℓ2(g) + 2e ⇌ 2Cℓ + 1,36  MnO 4 + 8H+ + 5e ⇌ Mn2+ + 4H2O + 1,51 H2O2 + 2H+ +2 e ⇌ 2H2O +1,77 Co3+ + e ⇌ Co2+ + 1,81 F2(g) + 2e ⇌ 2F + 2,87 Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 24 Downloaded from hlayiso.com ## Related documents - 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