# Physical Sciences Grade 12 Paper 1 NSC November 2019 Memo

> Grade 12 Physical Sciences Paper 1 memorandum from the NSC November Exam 2019, 24 pages. Read online or download the free PDF.

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- Updated: 2026-09-27
- Subject: Physical Sciences
- Grade: Grade 12
- Document type: Memorandum
- Year: 2019
- Exam period: NSC November Exam
- Paper: 1
- Curriculum: CAPS
- Pages: 24

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Physical Sciences · Grade 12 · NSC November Exam · 2019. Memorandum, 24 pages. Read online or download the PDF.

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### Page 1

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                                     NATIONAL
                                SENIOR CERTIFICATE
                                    NASIONALE
                                SENIOR SERTIFIKAAT

                                   GRADE/GRAAD 12

                        PHYSICAL SCIENCES: PHYSICS (P1)
                        FISIESE WETENSKAPPE: FISIKA (V1)

                                        NOVEMBER 2019

                     MARKING GUIDELINES/NASIENRIGLYNE

MARKS/PUNTE: 150

                     These marking guidelines consist of 24 pages. /
                      Hierdie nasienriglyne bestaan uit 24 bladsye.

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Physical Sciences/P1/Fisiese Wetenskappe/V1        2                             DBE/November 2019
                                 NSC/NSS –Marking Guidelines/Nasienriglyne

QUESTION 1/VRAAG 1

1.1       C                                                                                           (2)

1.2       A                                                                                           (2)

1.3       A                                                                                           (2)

1.4       D                                                                                           (2)

1.5       B                                                                                           (2)

1.6       D                                                                                           (2)

1.7       A                                                                                           (2)

1.8       B                                                                                           (2)

1.9       D                                                                                           (2)

1.10      C                                                                                            (2)
                                                                                                        [20]

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Physical Sciences/P1/Fisiese Wetenskappe/V1        3                                           DBE/November 2019
                             NSC/NSS –Marking Guidelines/Nasienriglyne

QUESTION 2/VRAAG 2

            NOTE: -1 mark for each key word/phrase omitted in the correct context
            LET WEL: -1 punt vir elke sleutel woord/frase in die korrekte konteks
            weggelaat                                                                                                 (2)
2.1         When a resultant/net force acts on an object, the object will accelerate in the
            direction of the force with an acceleration that is directly proportional to the
            force and inversely proportional to the mass of the object.  
            Wanneer 'n resultante/netto krag op 'n voorwerp inwerk, sal die voorwerp in die
            rigting van die krag versnel teen 'n versnelling wat direk eweredig is aan die
            krag en omgekeerd eweredig aan die massa van die voorwerp.

            OR/OF
            The resultant/net force acting on an object is equal to the rate of change of
            momentum of the object (in the direction of the resultant/net force.) 
            Die netto krag wat op 'n voorwerp inwerk is gelyk aan die tempo van
            verandering van momentum van die voorwerp (in die rigting van die
            resulterende/netto krag.)                                                                                 (2)

2.2              N                                ACCEPT/AANVAAR
                              T
                                                               N                                N
                                                                         T                                  T
        f

                                                     f                       OR/OF         f
                     w                                              w┴
                                                         w//
                                                                                                     w

                     Accept the following symbols/Aanvaar die volgende simbole.
            N       F N /Normal/Normaal/Normal force/Normaalkrag /16,97 N
                     F f / f k / f r / frictional force/wrywingskag/kinetic frictional force/kinetiese
            f
                     wrywingskrag
                     F g,/ mg/weight/F Earth on block /19,6 N/gravitational force/gewig/F aarde op blok /
            w
                     gravitasiekrag
            T       Tension/Spanning/F T / F A / F / F s

            Notes/Aantekeninge
            •   Mark is awarded for label and arrow. /Punt word toegeken vir byskrif en pyltjie
            • Do not penalise for length of arrows.
                Moenie vir die lengte van die pyltjies penaliseer nie.
            •   Deduct 1 mark for any additional force. /Trek 1 punt af vir enige addisionele krag.
            •   If force(s) do not make contact with body/dot /Indien krag(te) nie met die voorwerp
                / kolletjie kontak maak nie: Max./Maks: 3
                                                             4
            •   If arrows missing/Indien pyltjies uitgelaat is: Max./Maks: 3
                                                                             4                                        (4)

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Physical Sciences/P1/Fisiese Wetenskappe/V1        4                              DBE/November 2019
                             NSC/NSS –Marking Guidelines/Nasienriglyne

2.3       For the 2 kg (P) block/Vir die 2 kg (P) blok: Marking criteria/Nasienriglyne
          F net = ma                                       • Formula/Formule 
          T + (- w ll ) + (- f k ) = ma Any one/Enige een • Substitution of /vervanging van
          T – (w ll + f k ) = ma                             w ll for/vir 2 kg: (2)(9,8)sin30° 
          T – (2)(9,8)sin30° – 2,5 = 2a                 • Substitution    of -2,5 N /Vervanging
          T – 9,8 – 2,5 = 2a                                 van -2,5 N 
          T – 12,3 = 2a ……….(1)                            • 2a   OR/OF 3a 
                                                            • Calculate/Bereken F x :
          For the 3 kg (Q) block/Vir die 3 kg (Q) blok:   40 cos 25°  (40 Sin 65°)
          F x + (-T) + (- w ll ) = ma                   • Substitution of/vervanging van w ll
          F x – (T + w ll ) = ma                          for/vir for 3 kg: (3)(9,8)sin30° 
          [40 cos 25° – T – (3)(9,8)sin30°]  = 3a • Left hand side substitution for
          36,25 – T – 14,7 = 3a                           3 kg/Linkerkant vervanging vir 3
          21,55 – T = 3a ………….(2)                         kg 
                                                        • Final answer/Finale antwoord:
          9,25 = 5 a                                      1,85 m∙s-2
                           -2
          a = 1,85 m∙s                                                                                   (8)
          Systems Approach (Massless String Approximation /
          Sisteembenadering (Massalose Tou Benadering)
          (Max 5/8 marks / Maks 5/8 punte)

          F net = ma
          F x + (- w ll ) + (- f k ) = ma Any one/Enige een
          F x – (w ll + f k ) = ma
          40cos25°  – (5)(9,8)sin30° – 2,5 = 5a
          a = 1,85 m∙s-2 

2.4       Greater than/groter as 
      -
          F net increases. /F net neem toe. 

          ACCEPT/AANVAAR
          There is no friction. /Daar is geen wrywing nie.
          OR/OF
          The surface is smooth / Die oppervlak is glad                                                    (2)
                                                                                                          [16]

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Physical Sciences/P1/Fisiese Wetenskappe/V1        5                            DBE/November 2019
                             NSC/NSS –Marking Guidelines/Nasienriglyne

QUESTION 3/VRAAG 3
3.1       (Motion during which) the only force acting is the force of gravity. 
          (Beweging waartydens) die enigste krag wat inwerk gravitasiekrag is.
                                                                                (2 or/of 0)              (2)
3.2       Marking criteria/Nasienriglyne:
          • Any appropriate formula for Δy/Enige toepaslike formule vir Δy
          • Whole substitution to calculate 5,1 m /Hele vervanging om 5,1 m te bereken 
          • 40 + answer from calculation/antwoord van berekening 
          • Final answer/Finale antwoord: 45,10 m (Accept/aanvaar 45,1 m)
          OPTION 1/OPSIE 1
          UPWARDS AS POSITIVE/OPWAARTS AS POSITIEF:
          v f 2 = v i 2 + 2aΔy 
          0 = (10)2 + (2)(- 9,8)Δy 
          Δy = 5,10 m (5,102 m)

          Height = 40 + 5,10 
                 = 45,10 m 

          DOWNWARDS AS POSITIVE/AFWAARTS AS POSITIEF:
          v f 2 = v i 2 + 2aΔy 
          0 = (-10)2 + (2)( 9,8)Δy 
          Δy = - 5,10 m (5,102)

          Height = 40 + 5,10 
                    = 45,10 m 
          OPTION 2/OPSIE 2
          UPWARDS AS POSITIVE/OPWAARTS AS POSITIEF:
          v f = v i + aΔt
          0 = (10) + (- 9,8)Δt          Accept swopping of vi and vf
          Δt = 1,02 s                   Aanvaar die omruiling van vi en vf

          Δy = v i Δt + ½ aΔt2                    OR/OF
             = (10)(1,02) + ½ (-9,8)(1,02)2             v + vf 
             = 5,10 m                              Δy =  i        Δt 
                                                         2 
                                                         10 + 0 
                                                      =         (1,02) 
                                                         2 
                                                       = 5,10 m
          Height = 40 + 5,10 
                 = 45,10 m 
          DOWNWARDS AS POSITIVE/AFWAARTS AS POSITIEF:
          v f = v i + aΔt
          0 = (-10) + ( 9,8)Δt         Accept swopping of vi and vf
          Δt = 1,02 s                  Aanvaar die omruiling van vi en vf

          Δy = v i Δt + ½ aΔt2 
             = (-10)(1,02) + ½ (9,8)(1,02)2 
             = 5,10 m
          Height = 40 + 5,10 
                   = 45,10 m 
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Physical Sciences/P1/Fisiese Wetenskappe/V1        6                            DBE/November 2019
                             NSC/NSS –Marking Guidelines/Nasienriglyne

          OPTION 3/OPSIE 3
          UPWARDS AS POSITIVE/OPWAARTS AS POSITIEF:
          Δy = v i Δt + ½ aΔt2
          0 = (10) Δt + ½(-9,8)Δt2
          Δt = 2,04 s
                             ½ Δt
          Δy = v i Δt + ½ aΔt2
             = (10)(1,02) +½ (-9,8)(1,02)2
             = 5,10 m

          Height = 40 + 5,10
                 = 45,10 m 
          DOWNWARDS AS POSITIVE/AFWAARTS AS POSITIEF:
          Δy = v i Δt + ½ aΔt2
          0 = (-10) Δt + ½(9,8)Δt2
          Δt = 2,04 s          ½ Δt
          Δy = v i Δt + ½ aΔt2
             = (-10)(1,02) + ½ (9,8)(1,02)2 
             = - 5,10 m

          Height = 40 + 5,10 
                   = 45,10 m 
          OPTION 4/OPSIE 4
          UPWARDS AS POSITIVE/OPWAARTS AS POSITIEF:
          Δy = v i Δt + ½ aΔt2
          0 = (10)Δt + ½(-9,8)Δt2
          Δt = 2,04 s
                 v + vf          ½ Δt Accept swopping of vi and vf
          Δy =  i         Δt         Aanvaar die omruiling van vi en vf
                 2 
                 10 + 0 
              =         (1,02) 
                 2 
             = 5,10 m

          Height = 40 + 5,10 
                 = 45,10 m 

          DOWNWARDS AS POSITIVE/AFWAARTS AS POSITIEF:
          Δy = v i Δt + ½ aΔt2
          0 = (-10) Δt + ½(9,8)Δt2
          Δt = 2,04 s
                 v + vf            ½ Δt Accept swopping of vi and vf
          Δy =  i         Δt 
                 2                      Aanvaar die omruiling van vi en vf
                 - 10 + 0 
              =           (1,02) 
                 2 
              = - 5,10 m

          Height = 40 + 5,10 
                 = 45,10 m 
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Physical Sciences/P1/Fisiese Wetenskappe/V1        7                            DBE/November 2019
                             NSC/NSS –Marking Guidelines/Nasienriglyne

          OPTION 5/OPSIE 5
          E (mech/meg)roof/dak = E (mech/meg)top/bo
          (E p + E k ) roof/dak = (E p + E k ) top/bo     Any one/Enige een
          (mgh + ½ mv2) roof/dak = (mgh + ½ mv2) top/bo
          [m(9,8)(0) + ½m (10)2 = m(9,8) (h)+ 0)] 
          h = 5,10 m

          Height = 40 + 5,10 
                  = 45,10 m 
          OPTION 6/OPSIE 6
          W net = ΔE k 
          wΔxcosθ = ½ mv f 2 – ½ mv i 2
          (m)(9,8)Δxcos180o = 0 – ½ m(10)2
          Δx = 5,10 m

          Height = 40 + 5,10 
                   = 45,10 m 
          OPTION 7/OPSIE 7
          W nc = ΔE p + ΔE k 
          0 = m(9,8)(h f – 0) + ½ m( 0 – 102) 
          h f = 5,10 m

          Height = 40 + 5,10 
                 = 45,10 m 
          OPTION 8/OPSIE 8
           Marking criteria/Nasienriglyne:
           • Appropriate formula/Toegepaste formule 
           • Substitution left/Vervanging links 
           • Substitution right/Vervanging regs
           • Final answer/Finale antwoord: 45,10 m 

          E (mech/meg)roof/dak = E (mech/meg)top/bo
          (E p + E k ) roof/dak = (E p + E k ) top/bo   Any one/Enige een
          (mgh + ½ mv2) roof/dak = (mgh + ½ mv2) top/bo
          m(9,8)(40) + ½m (10)2 = m(9,8) (h)+ 0) 
          h = 45,10 m                                                                                   (4)

3.3       9,8 m·s-2  downwards/afwaarts                                                                (2)

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Physical Sciences/P1/Fisiese Wetenskappe/V1        8                            DBE/November 2019
                             NSC/NSS –Marking Guidelines/Nasienriglyne

3.4       Marking criteria/Nasienriglyne
          • Calculation/use of 10,26 m./Berekening/gebruik van 10,26 m. 
          • Appropriate formula to calculate Δt/Toepaslike formule om Δt te bereken
          • Substitution for stone A/Vervanging vir klip A 
          • Substitution for stone B/Vervanging vir klip B 
          • Calculating time difference between two stones. /Berekening van tydverskil tussen
            klippe. 
          • Final answer/Finale antwoord: 1,34 (s) 
          OPTION 1/OPSIE 1
          UPWARDS AS POSITIVE/OPWAARTS AS POSITIEF:
          Displacement from roof to meeting point /Verplasing vanaf dak tot
          ontmoetingspunt = -40 + 29,74 = - 10,26 m

          Stone/Klip A
          Δy A = v i Δt + ½aΔt2 
          -10,26 = 10Δt + ½(-9,8)Δt2 
          Δt = 2,79 s

          Stone/Klip B
          Δy B = v i Δt + ½aΔt2                               v f 2 = v i 2 + 2aΔy
          -10,26 = 0 + ½(-9,8)Δt2                                  = 02 + 2(-9,8)(-10,26)
          Δt = 1,45 s (1,447 s)                                v f = -14,18 m·s-1

          x = 2,79 – 1,45  = 1,34 (s)                       v f = v i + aΔt
                                                              -14,18 = 0 + (-9,8)Δt
          OR/OF                                               Δt = 1,45 s
          [-10,26 = 0(2,79 – x) + ½ (-9,8)(2,79 – x)2]
          x = 1,34 (s)                           x = 2,79 – 1,45 
                                                    = 1,34 (s) 
          DOWNWARDS AS POSITIVE/AFWAARTS AS POSITIEF:
          Displacement from roof to meeting point /Verplasing vanaf dak tot
          ontmoetingspunt = 40 - 29,74 = 10,26 m

          Stone/Klip A
          Δy A = v i Δt + ½aΔt2 
          10,26 = -10Δt + ½(9,8)Δt2 
          Δt = 2,79 s

          Stone/Klip B
          Δy B = v i Δt + ½aΔt2                               v f 2 = v i 2 + 2aΔy
          10,26 = 0 + ½(9,8)Δt2                                    = 02 + 2(9,8)(10,26)
          Δt = 1,45 s (1,447 s)                               v f = 14,18 m·s-1

          x = 2,79 – 1,45  = 1,34 (s)                       v f = v i + aΔt
                                                              14,18 = 0 + (9,8)Δt
          OR/OF                                               Δt = 1,45 s
          [-10,26 = 0(2,79 – x) + ½ (-9,8)(2,79 – x)2]
          x = 1,34 (s)                                       x = 2,79 – 1,45 
                                                                = 1,34 (s) 

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Physical Sciences/P1/Fisiese Wetenskappe/V1        9                             DBE/November 2019
                             NSC/NSS –Marking Guidelines/Nasienriglyne

          OPTION 2/OPSIE 2
          UPWARDS AS POSITIVE/OPWAARTS AS POSITIEF:
          Displacement from roof to meeting point /Verplasing vanaf dak tot
          ontmoetingspunt= - 40 + 29,74 = - 10,26 m
          Displacement of stone A from max height to meeting point/ Verplasing van
          klip A vanaf maksimum hoogte tot ontmoetingspunt = -15,36 m

          Stone/Klip A
          v f = v i + aΔt
          0 = 10 +(-9,8)Δt
          Δt = 1,02 s

          Δy A = v i Δt + ½aΔt2 
          -15,36 = 0 + ½(-9,8)Δt2 
          Δt = 1,77 s
          Δt tot = 1,77 + 1,02 = 2,79s
          Stone/Klip B
          Δy B = v i Δt + ½aΔt2                   v f 2 = v i 2 + 2aΔy
          -10,26 = 0 + ½(-9,8)Δt2                     = 02 + 2(-9,8)(-10,26)
          Δt = 1,45 s (1,447 s)                   v f = -14,18 m·s-1

          x = 2,79 – 1,45  = 1,34 (s)           v f = v i + aΔt
                                                  -14,18 = 0 + (-9,8)Δt
                                                  Δt = 1,45 s

                                              x = 2,79 – 1,45 
                                                = 1,34 (s) 
          DOWNWARDS AS POSITIVE/AFWAARTS AS POSITIEF:
          Displacement from roof to meeting point /Verplasing vanaf dak tot
          ontmoetingspunt= 40 - 29,74 = 10,26 m 
          Displacement of ball A from max height to meeting point/ Verplasing van bal A
          vanaf maksimum hoogte tot ontmoetingspunt = 15,36 m

          Stone/Klip A
          v f = v i + aΔt
          0 = -10 + (9,8)Δt
          Δt = 1,02 s

          Δy A = v i Δt + ½aΔt2 
          15,36 = 0 + ½(9,8)Δt2 
          Δt = 1,77 s
          Δt tot = 1,77 + 1,02 = 2,79s
          Stone/Klip B
          Δy B = v i Δt + ½aΔt2                   v f 2 = v i 2 + 2aΔy
          10,26 = 0 + ½(9,8)Δt2                        = 02 + 2(9,8)(10,26)
          Δt = 1,45 s (1,447 s)                   v f = 14,18 m·s-1

          x = 2,79 – 1,45  = 1,34 (s)           v f = v i + aΔt
                                                  14,18 = 0 + (9,8)Δt
                                                  Δt = 1,45 s

                                                  x = 2,79 – 1,45 
                                                    = 1,34 (s) 
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Physical Sciences/P1/Fisiese Wetenskappe/V1       10                             DBE/November 2019
                             NSC/NSS –Marking Guidelines/Nasienriglyne

          OPTION 3/OPSIE 3
          UPWARDS AS POSITIVE/OPWAARTS AS POSITIEF:
          Displacement of stones A and B from roof to meeting point/Verplasing van
          klippe A en B vanaf dak tot by ontmoetingspunt = - 40 + 29,74
                                                         = - 10,26 m
          Stone/Klip A
          v f = v i + aΔt
          0 = 10 + (-9,8)Δt
          Δt = 1,02 s

          Δy A = v i Δt + ½aΔt2
          - 10,26 = -10 + ½(-9,8) Δt2 
          Δt = 0,75 s
          Δt tot = 1,02 + 1,02 + 0,75 = 2,79 s

          Stone/Klip B
          Δy B = v i Δt + ½aΔt2                   v f 2 = v i 2 + 2aΔy
          -10,26 = 0 + ½(-9,8)Δt2                      = 02 + 2(-9,8)(-10,26)
          Δt = 1,45 s (1,447 s)                   v f = -14,18 m·s-1

          x = 2,79 – 1,45 = 1,34 (s)            v f = v i + aΔt
                                                  -14,18 = 0 + (-9,8)Δt
                                                  Δt = 1,45 s

                                              x = 2,79 – 1,45 
                                                = 1,34 (s) 
          DOWNWARDS AS POSITIVE/AFWAARTS AS POSITIEF:
          Displacement of stones A and B from roof to meeting point/Verplasing van
          klippe A en B vanaf dak tot by ontmoetingspunt = 40 - 29,74 = 10,26 m

          Stone/Klip A
          v f = v i + aΔt
          0 = -10 + (9,8)Δt
          Δt = 1,02 s

          Δy A = v i Δt + ½aΔt2 
          10,26 = 10 + ½ (9,8)Δt2 
          Δt = 0,75s
          Δt tot = 1,02 + 1,02 + 0,75 = 2,79 s

          Stone/Klip B
          Δy B = v i Δt + ½aΔt2                  v f 2 = v i 2 + 2aΔy
          10,26 = 0 + ½(9,8)Δt2                       = 02 + 2(9,8)(10,26)
          Δt = 1,45 s (1,447 s)                  v f = 14,18 m·s-1

          x = 2,79 – 1,45 = 1,34 (s)           v f = v i + aΔt
                                                 14,18 = 0 + (9,8)Δt
                                                 Δt = 1,45 s

                                                 x = 2,79 – 1,45 
                                                   = 1,34 (s) 

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                             NSC/NSS –Marking Guidelines/Nasienriglyne

          OPTION 4/OPSIE 4
          UPWARDS AS POSITIVE/OPWAARTS AS POSITIEF:
          Displacement from roof to meeting point /Verplasing vanaf dak tot
          ontmoetingspunt = - 40 + 29,74 = - 10,26 m
          Stone/Klip A
          Δy A = v i Δt + ½aΔt2
          - 5,10 = 0 + ½(-9,8)Δt2
              Δt = 1,02 s

          Δy A = v i Δt + ½aΔt2 
          - 10,26 = -10 + ½(-9,8)Δt2 
          Δt = 0,75s
          Δt tot = 1,02 + 1,02 + 0,75 = 2,79 s

          Stone/Klip B
          Δy B = v i Δt + ½aΔt2                   v f 2 = v i 2 + 2aΔy
          -10,26 = 0 + ½(-9,8)Δt2                      = 02 + 2(-9,8)(-10,26)
          Δt = 1,45 s (1,447 s)                   v f = -14,18 m·s-1

          x = 2,79 – 1,45 = 1,34 (s)            v f = v i + aΔt
                                                  -14,18 = 0 + (-9,8)Δt
                                                  Δt = 1,45 s

                                            x = 2,79 – 1,45 
                                              = 1,34 (s) 
          DOWNWARDS AS POSITIVE/AFWAARTS AS POSITIEF:
          Displacement from roof to meeting point /verplasing vanaf dak tot by
          ontmoetingspunt = 40 - 29,74 = 10,26 m
          Stone/Klip A
          Δy A = v i Δt + ½aΔt2
          5,10 = 0 + ½(9,8)Δt2
          Δt = 1,02 s
          Δy A = v i Δt + ½aΔt2 
          10,26 = 10 + ½(9,8)Δt2 
          Δt = 0,75s
          Δt tot = 1,02 + 1,02 + 0,75 = 2,79 s

          Stone/Klip B
          Δy B = v i Δt + ½aΔt2                  v f 2 = v i 2 + 2aΔy
          10,26 = 0 + ½(9,8)Δt2                       = 02 + 2(9,8)(10,26)
          Δt = 1,45 s (1,447 s)                  v f = 14,18 m·s-1

          x = 2,79 – 1,45 = 1,34 (s)           v f = v i + aΔt
                                                 14,18 = 0 + (9,8)Δt
                                                 Δt = 1,45 s

                                                 x = 2,79 – 1,45 
                                                   = 1,34 (s) 

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          OPTION 5/OPSIE 5
          UPWARDS AS POSITIVE/OPWAARTS AS POSITIEF:
          Displacement from roof to meeting point /Verplasing vanaf dak tot
          ontmoetingspunt = - 40 + 29,74 = - 10,26 m
          Displacement of stone A from max height to meeting point/ Verplasing van
          klip A vanaf maksimum hoogte tot ontmoetingspunt = -15,36 m
          Stone/Klip A
          v f 2 = v i 2 + 2aΔy
          v f 2 = (0)2 + (2)(- 9,8)(-15,36)
          v f = - 17,35 m·s-1
          v f = v i + aΔt
          -17,35 = 0 + (-9,8)Δt 
          Δt = 1,77 s                               

          Δt tot = 1,02 + 1,77 = 2,79 (s)
          Stone/Klip B
          Δy B = v i Δt + ½aΔt2                v f 2 = v i 2 + 2aΔy
          -10,26 = 0 + ½(-9,8)Δt2                  = 02 + 2(-9,8)(-10,26)
          Δt = 1,45 s (1,447 s)                v f = -14,18 m·s-1
                                               v f = v i + aΔt
          x = 2,79 – 1,45  = 1,34 (s)        -14,18 = 0 + (-9,8)Δt
                                               Δt = 1,45 s
                                          x = 2,79 – 1,45 
                                            = 1,34 (s) 
          DOWNWARDS AS POSITIVE/AFWAARTS AS POSITIEF:
          Displacement from roof to meeting point /Verplasing vanaf dak tot
          ontmoetingspunt= 40 - 29,74 = 10,26 m
          Displacement of stone A from max height to meeting point/ Verplasing van
          klip A vanaf maksimum hoogte tot ontmoetingspunt = 15,36 m
          Stone/Klip A
          v f 2 = v i 2 + 2aΔy
          v f 2 = (0)2 + (2)(9,8)(15,36)
          v f = - 17,35 m·s-1
          v f = v i + aΔt
          17,35 = 0 + (9,8)Δt 
          Δt = 1,77 s                             

          Δt tot = 1,02 + 1,77 = 2,79 (s)
          Stone/Klip B
          Δy B = v i Δt + ½aΔt2               v f 2 = v i 2 + 2aΔy
          10,26 = 0 + ½(9,8)Δt2                   = 02 + 2(9,8)(10,26)
          Δt = 1,45 s (1,447 s)               v f = 14,18 m·s-1

          x = 2,79 – 1,45  = 1,34 (s)       v f = v i + aΔt
                                              14,18 = 0 + (9,8)Δt
                                              Δt = 1,45 s

                                              x = 2,79 – 1,45 
                                                = 1,34 (s) 
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          OPTION 6/OPSIE 6
          UPWARDS AS POSITIVE/OPWAARTS AS POSITIEF:
          Displacement from roof to meeting point/Verplasing vanaf dak tot by
          ontmoetingspunt = - 40 + 29,74 = - 10,26 m
          Stone/Klip A
          v f 2 = v i 2 + 2aΔy
          v f 2 = (-10)2 + (2)(- 9,8)(-10,26)
          v f = - 17,35 m·s-1
          v f = v i + aΔt
          -17,35 = -10 + (-9,8)Δt                 
          Δt = 0,75 s
          Ball A: Δt = 1,02 + 1,02 + 0,75 = 2,79 (s)
          Stone/Klip B
          Δy B = v i Δt + ½ aΔt2               v f 2 = v i 2 + 2aΔy
          -10,26 = 0 + ½ (-9,8)Δt2                 = 02 + 2(-9,8)(-10,26)
          Δt = 1,45 s (1,447 s)                v f = -14,18 m·s-1
          x = 2,79 – 1,45 = 1,34 (s)           v f = v i + aΔt
                                                 -14,18 = 0 + (-9,8)Δt
                                                 Δt = 1,45 s
                                             x = 2,79 – 1,45 
                                               = 1,34 (s) 
          DOWNWARDS AS POSITIVE/AFWAARTS AS POSITIEF:
          Displacement from roof to meeting point/Verplasing vanaf dak tot by
          ontmoetingspunt = 40 - 29,74 = 10,26 m
          Stone/Klip A
          v f 2 = v i 2 + 2aΔy
          v f 2 = [(10)2 + (2)(9,8)(10,26)
          v f = 17,35 m·s-1
          v f = v i + aΔt
          17,35 = 10 + (9,8)Δt                    
          Δt = 0,75 s
          Ball A: Δt = 1,02 + 1,02 + 0,75 = 2,79 (s)
          Stone/Klip B
          Δy B = v i Δt + ½aΔt2              v f 2 = v i 2 + 2aΔy
          10,26 = 0 + ½(9,8)Δt2                  = 02 + 2(9,8)(10,26)
          Δt = 1,45 s (1,447 s)              v f = 14,18 m·s-1

          x = 2,79 – 1,45  = 1,34 (s)       v f = v i + aΔt
                                              14,18 = 0 + (9,8)Δt
                                              Δt = 1,45 s
                                              x = 2,79 – 1,45 
                                                = 1,34 (s)                                              (6)

3.5.1     d  Accept / Aanvaar ( 0 – e; 0 – d; d – e)                                                    (1)

3.5.2     a                                                                                             (1)

3.5.3     f                                                                                             (1)

3.5.4     c                                                                                              (1)
                                                                                                         [18]
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                             NSC/NSS –Marking Guidelines/Nasienriglyne

QUESTION 4/VRAAG 4

4.1       NOTE: -1 mark for each key word/phrase omitted in the correct context.
          LET WEL: -1 punt vir elke sleutelwoord/frase weggelaat in die korrekte konteks.

          Isolated system is a system on which the resultant/net external force is
          zero.
          Geïsoleerde sisteem is 'n sisteem waarop die resultante / netto eksterne krag
          nul is.
          OR/OF
          Isolated system is one that has no net / external force acting on it.
          ‘n Geïsoleerde stelsel is een wat geen netto eksterne krag het wat daarop
          inwerk nie.                                                                                      (2)

4.2.1     p = mv                                 Note: p and v must have the same sign
          24 = m (480)                           Let wel: p en v moet dieselfde tekens hê
          m = 0,05 kg                                                                                     (3)

4.2.2     Marking criteria/Nasienriglyne
          • Appropriate formula including F net or W net. /Toepaslike formule wat F net of W net
            insluit. 
          • Substitutions/Vervangings 
          • Final answer/Finale antwoord: 2 000 N 
          • Correct direction/Korrekte rigting: west or left/Wes of links 
          POSITIVE MARKING FROM QUESTION 4.2.1
          POSITIEWE NASIEN VANAF VRAAG 4.2.1
          OPTION 1/OPSIE 1
          F net ∆t = ∆p
          F net ∆t = (p bullet ) f - (p bullet ) i   Any one/Enige een
          F net ∆t = (mv bullet ) f - (mv bullet ) i
          F net (0,01)  = (0,05)(80) – 24  or/of (0,05)(80) – (0,05)(480)
          F net = -2 000 N
          F net = 2 000 N  west/wes 
          OPTION 2/OPSIE 2
          v f = v i + aΔt
          80 = 480 + a(0,01) 
          a = - 40 000 m∙s-2
          F net = ma 
               = (0,05)(-40 000) 
               = - 2 000 N
          F net = 2 000 N  west/wes 

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          OPTION 3/OPSIE 3
                v +vf 
          Δx =  i      Δt
                2 
                   480 + 80
               =            (0,01)
                      2
               = 2,80 m
          v f = v i 2 + 2aΔx
           2
                                             W net = ∆K 
          (80)2 = (480)2 + 2a(2,80)         F net Δxcosθ = ½mv f 2 - ½mv i 2
          a = - 40 000 m∙s-2                 F net (2,80)cos0°  = ½(0,05)(802 - 4802) 
                                             F net = -2 000 N
          F net = ma                        F net = 2 000 N  west/wes 
               = (0,05)(-40 000) 
               = - 2 000 N              OR/OF
                                                                          2     2
           F net = 2 000 N  west/wes  F net (2,80)cos180°  = ½(0,05)(80 - 480 ) 
                                        F net = 2 000 N  west/wes                                       (5)
                                                                                                         [10]

QUESTION 5

5.1       Note: -1 mark for each key word/phrase omitted in the correct context.
          Let Wel: -1 punt vir elke sleutelwoord/frase weggelaat in die korrekte konteks.
          IF: The word "work" is omitted - 0 marks.
          INDIEN: Die woord "arbeid" uitgelaat is - 0 punte.

          A conservative force is a force for which the work done (in moving an object
          between two points) is independent of the path taken. 
          'n Konserwatiewe krag is 'n krag waarvoor die arbeid wat verrig is (om 'n
          voorwerp tussen twee punte te beweeg) onafhanklik is van die pad wat gevat
          word.

          OR/OF
          A conservative force is a force for which the work done in moving an object in
          a closed path is zero.
          ‘n Konserwatiewe krag is ‘n krag waarvoor die arbeid verrig om ‘n voorwerp in
          ‘n geslote pad te beweeg, nul is.                                                              (2)

5.2       Gravitational (force)/Gravitasiekrag 

          ACCEPT/AANVAAR: Gravitation /Gravity /Gravitasie / Weight /Gewig                               (1)

5.3       No/Nee 
          There is friction/non-conservative force (doing work)/It is not isolated
          system.
          Daar is wrywing/nie konserwatiewe krag (wat arbeid verrig)./Dit is nie ’n
          geïsoleerde sisteem nie.

          OR/OF
          The net work done by the non-conservative forces is not zero/Die netto arbeid
          deur die nie-konserwatiewe kragte is nie nul nie.                                             (2)
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5.4       OPTION 1/OPSIE 1               OPTION 2/OPSIE 2
          E P = mgh                     W w = -ΔE p 
              = (1,8)(9,8) (1,5)        (1,8)(9,8)(h – 0)cos180o = -(E pA – E p(ground) )
              = 26,46 J                 (1,8)(9,8)(1,5)(-1) = -E pA 
                                         E p = 26,46 J

                                             OR/OF
                                             W = FΔxcosθ
                                                   = mgΔhcosθ            Any one/Enige een
                                                   = (1,8)(9,8) (1,5)cos0o 
                                                   = 26,46 J                                             (3)
5.5       POSITIVE MARKING FROM QUESTION 5.4 /
          POSITIEWE NASIEN VANAF VRAAG 5.4
          OPTION 1/OPSIE 1
          W nc = ∆K + ∆U                             Any one/Enige een
          W f = ½m(v f 2 – v i 2) + mg(h f – h i )
              = ½(1,8)(42 – 0,952) + (0 – 26,46) 
              = -12,87 J 
          OPTION 2/OPSIE 2
          W net = ∆K
          W f + W g = ½mv f 2 - ½mv i 2 Any one/Enige een
          W f + mgh = ½m(v f 2- v i 2)
          W f + mgh = ½mv f 2 - ½mv i 2
          W f + 26,46 = ½(1,8)[(4)2 - (0,95)2] 
          W f = -12,87 J (- 12,872 J) 
          OPTION 3/OPSIE 3
          E (mech/meg)A = E (mech)B - W f
          (E p + E k ) A = (E p + E k ) B - W f               Any one/Enige een
                           2                       2
          (mgh + ½ mv ) A = (mgh + ½ mv ) B - W f
          26,46 + ½(1,8)(0,952)  = 0 + ½(1,8)(42) - W f 
          W f = -12,87 J                                                                                 (4)

5.6       W net = 0 (J ) / zero                                                                           (1)
                                                                                                          [13]
QUESTION 6/VRAAG 6
6.1       Doppler effect/Doppler-effek                                                                   (1)
6.2       (Q): (records sounds with) longer period/ longer time per wave / lower
          frequency.
          (Q): (teken klank aan met) langer periode / langer tyd per golf / laer
          frekwensie.
          OR/OF
          P: (records sounds with) shorter period/ shorter time per wave / higher
          frequency. 
          P: (teken klank aan met) korter periode/ korter tyd per golf / hoër frekwensie.

          ACCEPT/AANVAAR
          (Q): longer wavelength. /P: shorter wavelength.
          (Q): langer golflengte./P: korter golflengte het.                                               (1)

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6.3       OPTION 1/OPSIE 1
              1          1
          f=    =           -4
                                 = 5,88 x 102 = 588,24 Hz 
              T     17 x 10
          OPTION 2/OPSIE 2                       OPTION 3/OPSIE 3
                   dis tan ce                        λ
          speed =                                v=
                      time                           T
                 dis tan ce                                λ
          340 =           −4                     340 =
                25,5 × 10                              17 × 10 −4
          Distance = 0,867 m                     ∴λ = 0,578 m
          Distance = 1 ½ λ
          ∴λ = 0,578 m                                v = fλ 
          v = fλ                                     340 = f(0,578) 
          340 = f(0,578)                             f = 588,24 Hz 
          f = 588,24 Hz                                                                                  (3)

6.4       POSITIVE MARKING FROM QUESTIONS 6.2 AND 6.3.
          POSITIEWE NASIEN VANAF VRAE 6.2 EN 6.3
          Do not penalise if 10-4 is again omitted. /Moenie penaliseer indien 10-4 weer
          uitgelaat is nie.

          OPTION 1/OPSIE 1
                 1
          f=              = 5,56 x 10 2 = 555,56 Hz
             18 x 10 - 4
             v ± vL                           v
          fL =      fs          OR/OF fL =        fs
             v ± vs                         v + vs
                             
                       340
          555,56 =
                              588,24 
                     340 + v
          v = 20 m∙s-1 
          Range/Gebied 19,57 – 20,09 m·s-1
          OPTION 2/OPSIE 2
                   1
          fL =             
               18 x 10 - 4
                 v ± vL                    v
          fL =          f s  OR/OF fL =         fs
                 v ± vs                 v + v s

              1   340                1
                  −4
                     =                  −4 
          18 × 10        340 + v  17 × 10
          v = 20 m∙s-1 
          Range/Gebied 19,57 – 20,09 m·s-1                                                                 (6)
                                                                                                          [11]

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                             NSC/NSS –Marking Guidelines/Nasienriglyne

QUESTION 7/VRAAG 7

7.1.1     Positive/Positief                                                                                    (1)

7.1.2     Marking criteria/Nasienriglyne:
          • Appropriate formula /Toepaslike formule
          • Whole substitution Hele vervanging/
          • Final answer/finale antwoord: 2,26 x 10-6 C 
          OPTION 1/OPSIE 1                       OPTION 2/OPSIE 2
              kQ 1Q 2                                 kQ
          F=                                    E=
                 r2                                   r2
                  (9 x 10 9 )(6 x 10 −6 ) Q           (9 x 10 9 )(6 x 10 −6 )
          3,05 =                                   =
                            0,2 2                              0,2 2
          Q = 2,26 x 10-6 C                        = 1,35 x 106 N·C-1
              (2,259 x 10-6 C)                   F = Eq
                                                 3,05 = (1,35 x 106)q
                                                 q = 2,26 x 10-6 N                                             (3)

7.1.3                    T
                                    Accepted labels/Aanvaarde benoemings
                                            F g / F w / weight / mg / gravitational force
                                    w
                                            F g / F w / gewig / mg / gravitasiekrag
                                    T      F T / tension / spanning
           FE                               Electrostatic force/ Coulomb force/ F E Field /F x on Y /
                                    F E /F 3,05 N
                     w                      Elektrostatiese krag/ Coulombkrag

          Notes/Aantekeninge
          •   Mark is awarded for label and arrow. /Punt word toegeken vir byskrif en pyltjie.
          • Do not penalise for length of arrows.
              Moenie vir die lengte van die pyltjies penaliseer nie.
          •   Deduct 1 mark for any additional force /Trek 1 punt af vir enige addisionele krag
          •   If force(s) do not make contact with dot /Indien krag(te) nie met die kolletjie
              kontak maak nie: Max/Maks 2
                                             3
          • If arrows missing/Indien pyltjies uitgelaat word: Max/Maks 2
                                                                            3                                   (3)

7.1.4    F net = 0
         F E = Tsin10°
         F E = Tcos80°
         [3,05 = Tsin10°]                                   [IF /INDIEN Tcos10o = 3,05 ( 1 )]
                                                                                            3

          OR/OF
          [3,05 = Tcos80°]                                   [IF/INDIEN Tsin80o = 3,05 ( 1 )]
                                                                                            3
          T = 17,56 N  (17,564 N)                                                                              (3)

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                             NSC/NSS –Marking Guidelines/Nasienriglyne

7.2.1     Marking criteria/Nasienriglyne
          -1 mark for each key word/phrase omitted in the correct context.
          -1 punt vir elke sleutelwoord/frase weggelaat in die korrekte konteks.
          The electric field at a point is the (electrostatic) force experienced per unit
          positive charge placed at that point. 
          Die elektriese veld by 'n punt is die (elektrostatiese) krag wat per positiewe
          eenheidslading wat by die punt geplaas is, ondervind word.
          [IF the word “unit” or phrase “positive charge” is omitted in this definition: -1 for each
          INDIEN die woord “eenheid” of frase “positiewe lading” uitgelaat is in hierdie
          definisie: -1 vir elk]
          OR/OF
          The electric field at a point is the (electrostatic) force experienced by a UNIT
          positive charge placed at that point. 
          Die elektriese veld by 'n punt is die (elektrostatiese) krag wat deur ‘n
          positiewe EENHEIDSlading wat by die punt geplaas is, ondervind word.
          [If “UNIT” is omitted in this definition, then 0 marks.
          Indien “EENHEIDS” uitgelaat word in hierdie definisie, dan 0 punte.]                              (2)
7.2.2     OPTION 1/OPSIE 1
          Electric field at M due to A (+2 x10-5 C):
               kQ
          EA = 2 
                r
                        (2 × 10 -5 )
             = 9 × 10 9              
                          (0,2) 2
             = 4,5 x106 N∙C-1
          Electric field at M due to B (-4 x10-5 C):
               kQ
          EB = 2                         OR/OF       q B = 2q A
                r
                        ( 4 × 10 -5 )
             = 9 × 10 9                             E B = 2E A 
                           (0,2) 2
             = 9 x106 N∙C-1                              = 9 x 106 N∙C-1
          E net at M = E A + E B
                    = (4,5 x 106 + 9 x 106) 
                    = 1,35 x 107 N∙C-1  to the right/na regs/towards B/na B
                                         /away from A / weg vanaf A

          OPTION 2/OPSIE 2
          Net electrostatic force at M / Netto elektrostatiese krag by M
                   kQ1Q 2    kQ1Q 2                                        kQ
          F net =      2
                           +       2                          If/Indien F = 2 Max/Maks 2
                     r           r                                          r            6
                         9           −5          9         −5
                  (9 × 10 )(2 × 10 )q     (9 × 10 )( 4 × 10 )q
               =               2
                                        +                        (any one/ enige een)
                         (0,2)                   (0,2)2
               = 4,5 x 106q + 9 x 106 q
               = 1,35 x 107q N

          F net = E net q 
          1,35 x 107q = E net q
          E net = 1,35 x 107 N.C-1 to the right/na regs /towards B / na B                                  (6)
                                                                                                            [18]
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Physical Sciences/P1/Fisiese Wetenskappe/V1       20                            DBE/November 2019
                             NSC/NSS –Marking Guidelines/Nasienriglyne

QUESTION 8/VRAAG 8

8.1      (Maximum) energy provided (work done)  by a battery per coulomb / unit
         charge passing through it. 
         (Maksimum) energie verskaf (arbeid verrig) deur 'n battery per
         coulomb/eenheidlading wat daardeur beweeg.

         ACCEPT/AANVAAR:
         The reading on a voltmeter connected across a battery when there is no
         current/ in an open circuit.
         Lesing op 'n voltmeter oor 'n battery as daar geen stroom is nie                                (2)

8.2      13 V                                                                                           (1)

8.3.1          V                                 Marking criteria/Nasienriglyne:
         R =                                    • Appropriate formula/Toepaslike formule 
                I
                                                 • Whole substitution/Hele vervanging 
                10,5
         5,6 =                                  • Final answer/Finale antwoord: 1,88 A 
                  I
         I = 1,88 A  (1,875 A)                                                                          (3)

8.3.2    POSITIVE MARKING FROM QUESTION 8.3.1.
         POSITIEWE NASIEN VANAF VRAAG 8.3.1
         OPTION 1                     OPTION 2
         P = VI                      P = I2R 
           = (10,5)(1,88)              = (1,88)2(5,6) 
           = 19,74 W  (19,688 W)       = 19,79 W  (19,688 W)
         OPTION 3
             V2
         P=      
              R
            10,5 2
          =        
              5,6
          = 19,69 W  (19,688 W)                                                                         (3)

8.3.3    POSITIVE MARKING FROM QUESTIONS 8.2 AND 8.3.1.
         POSITIEWE NASIEN VANAF VRAE 8.2 EN 8.3.1
         OPTION 1/OPSIE 1               OPTION 2/OPSIE 2
         Ɛ = I(R + r)                       V
         13 = 1,88 (5,6 + r)           r = int ernal 
                                                I
         r = 1,31 Ω  (1,31 – 1,33 Ω)        2,5
                                          =        
                                            1, 88
                                          = 1,33 Ω  ( 1,31 – 1,33 Ω)
         OPTION 3/OPSIE 3
         Ɛ = V ext + V int
         13 = 10,5 + V int
         V int = 2,5 V

         V int = Ir 
         2,5 = (1,88)r
         r = 1,31 Ω  (1,31 – 1,33 Ω)                                                                    (3)
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Physical Sciences/P1/Fisiese Wetenskappe/V1       21                                       DBE/November 2019
                             NSC/NSS –Marking Guidelines/Nasienriglyne

8.4.1    Decreases/Neem af 
     -   V internal resistance /Internal volts increase 
         V interne weerstand /Interne volts neem toe                                                                (2)
8.4.2    Marking criteria/Nasienriglyne
         • Formula/Formule Ɛ = I(R + r) 
         • Correct substitution into/ Korrekte vervanging in Ɛ = I(R + r) 
         • Substitution of values into R p formula/Vervanging van waarde van R p in formule
         • Halving value of R 2X /Halvering van waarde van R 2X 
         • Final answer/Finale antwoord: 1,49 Ω  Range/Gebied: 1,46 Ω – 1,49 Ω
         POSITIVE MARKING FROM QUESTIONS 8.2 AND 8.3.3
         POSITIEWE NASIEN VANAF VRAE 8.2 EN 8.3.3
         OPTION 1/OPSIE 1               OPTION 2/OPSIE 2
         Ɛ = I(R + r)                  Ɛ = I(R + r) 
         13 = 4 (R ext + 1,31)         13 = 4(R ext + 1,31) 
         R ext = 1,94 Ω (1,92 Ω)        R ext = 1,94 Ω (1,92 Ω)

          1   1   1                                                R1 R 2
            =   +                                           Rp =
         RP   R1 R 2                                               R1 + R 2
                                                                       5,6 R 2
           1      1    1                                    1,94 =              
               =     +                                               5,6 + R 2
         1,94    5,6 R 2
                                                            R 2 = 2 , 97 Ω (2,92 Ω)
         R 2 = 2,97 Ω (2,92 Ω)
                                                                1
               1                                            X = (2 , 97) 
         X = (2 , 97)                                          2
               2
                                                              = 1, 49 Ω  (1,46 – 1,49 Ω)
           = 1, 49 Ω  (1,46 – 1,49 Ω)
         OPTION 3/OPSIE 3                           OPTION 4/OPSIE 4
         Ɛ = I(R + r)                              Ɛ = I(R + r) 
         13 = 4(R ext + 1,31)                      13 = 4(R ext + 1,31) 
         R ext = 1,94 Ω (1,92 Ω)                    R ext = 1,94 Ω (1,92 Ω)
          1   1   1                                         R1 R 2
            =   +                                   Rp =
         RP   R1 R 2                                        R1 + R 2
          1      1     1                                  (5,6)(2 X) 
         1,94 = 5,6 + 2 X                        1,94 = 5,6 + 2 X 
                                                                     
         X = 1, 49 Ω  (1,46 – 1,49 Ω)              X = 1, 49 Ω 
         OPTION 5/OPSIE 5                           OPTION 6/OPSIE 6
         Ɛ = I(R + r)                              Ɛ = I(R + r) 
         V ext = 13 – (4)(1,31)                    V ext = 13 – (4)(1,31) 
                = 7,76 V                            V ext = 7,76 V
         V p = IR 5,6                                          7,76
         7,76 = I(5,6)                              I 5,6Ω =        = 1,39 A
                                                                5,6
         I 5,6Ω = 1,37 A
                                                    I 2x = 4 – 1,39 = 2,61 A
         I T = I 2X + I 5,6
         4 = I 2x + 1,37                            V 2x = I 2X R 2X    V X = I XR X
         I 2X = 2,63 A                              [7,76 = (2,61)2X] 3,88=(2,61)R X 
         V = IR 2X                                  2X = 2,97 Ω         R X = 1,49 Ω
         [7,76 = (2,63)2X]                        X = 1,49 Ω
         X = 1,46 Ω
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Physical Sciences/P1/Fisiese Wetenskappe/V1       22                            DBE/November 2019
                             NSC/NSS –Marking Guidelines/Nasienriglyne

         OPTION 7/OPSIE 7
         Ɛ = I(R + r) 
         V ext = 13 – (4)(1,31) 
               = 7,76 V

         V ext = IR ext
                                −1
                       1     1 
         7,76 = (4)        +    
                       2 X 5,6 
         X = 1,48 Ω                                                                                      (5)
                                                                                                         [19]

QUESTION 9/VRAAG 9

9.1
9.1.1     DC/GS                                                                                         (1)

9.1.2     NOTE: -1 mark for each key word/phrase omitted in correct context.
          LET WEL: -1 punt vir elke sleutel woord/frase weggelaat in die korrekte konteks.

          Emf is induced as a result of change of magnetic flux (linked) with the
          coil. 
          Emk word geïnduseer as gevolg van verandering van die magnetiese
          vloedkoppeling.                                                                                (2)

9.1.3     POSITIVE MARKING FROM QUESTION 9.1.1
          POSITIEWE NASIEN VANAF VRAAG 9.1.1

          V (V)                                          V (V)
                                        t (s)                                         t (s)

                  OR/OF               Marking criteria for graph:
                                      Correct shape Korrekte vorm                 
                                      One complete cycle/Een volledige siklus     

          V (V)                         t (s)             V(V)
                                                                                       t (s)

                                                                                                         (2)
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