# Religion Studies Grade 12 P1 NSC November 2018 Memo (Eng)

> Grade 12 Religion Studies Paper 1 memorandum from the NSC November Exam 2018 (English), 14 pages. Read online or download the free PDF.

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- Updated: 2026-09-27
- Subject: Religion Studies
- Grade: Grade 12
- Document type: Memorandum
- Year: 2018
- Exam period: NSC November Exam
- Paper: 1
- Curriculum: CAPS
- Pages: 14

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Religion Studies · Grade 12 · NSC November Exam · 2018. Memorandum, 14 pages. Read online or download the PDF.

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                                   NATIONAL
                              SENIOR CERTIFICATE

                                     GRADE 12

                               RELIGION STUDIES P1

                                  NOVEMBER 2018

                               MARKING GUIDELINES

MARKS: 150

                      These marking guidelines consist of 14 pages.

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Religion Studies/P1                            2                            DBE/November 2018
                                     NSC – Marking Guidelines

SECTION A (COMPULSORY)

QUESTION 1

1.1.      1.1.1       C√                                                                           (1)
          1.1.2       C√                                                                           (1)
          1.1.3       A√                                                                           (1)
          1.1.4       D√                                                                           (1)
          1.1.5       A√                                                                           (1)
          1.1.6       D√                                                                           (1)
          1.1.7       D√                                                                           (1)
          1.1.8       C√                                                                           (1)
          1.1.9       B√                                                                           (1)
          1.1.10      A√                                                                           (1)
                                                                                             (10 x 1) (10)

1.2      1.2.1        • Roman Catholic √
                      • The others belong to the Protestant subdivision of Christianity. √          (2)

         1.2.2        • Ilima √
                      • The others belong to Islam. √                                               (2)

         1.2.3        • Psalms. √
                      • The others are kinds of stories/teachings.√
                                                                                                    (2)
         1.2.4        • Darwin. √
                      • The others were astronomers/scientists who discovered that the
                        earth revolves around the sun (heliocentric view). √                        (2)

         1.2.5        • Martyr. √
                      • The others are religious leaders. √                                         (2)

1.3      1.3.1        F√                                                                            (1)
         1.3.2        H√                                                                            (1)
         1.3.3        A√                                                                            (1)
         1.3.4        B√                                                                            (1)
         1.3.5        C√                                                                            (1)
         1.3.6        D√                                                                            (1)

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1.4       1.4.1        False.√ Martin Luther King was a Baptist pastor who took a leading
                       role in the Civil Rights Movement in America in the 1960s.√ OR
                       Martin Luther, a German Roman Catholic monk, started the
                       Reformation.√                                                               (2)

          1.4.2        False.√ The King or Queen of England is the head of the Anglican
                       Church. √ OR
                       The Archbishop of Canterbury is the leading bishop but not the
                       head.                                                                       (2)

          1.4.3        False.√ Mixing elements of one religion with elements of another to
                       form a new religion is called syncretism. √ OR
                       Fundamentalism is a form of conservatism in which members
                       interpret the scriptures literally/selectively.                             (2)

          1.4.4        False.√ The Baha'i faith is the youngest religion in the world. / a
                       pluralistic religion OR African Traditional Religion is a clan-based        (2)
                       religion. √

          1.4.5        False.√ Orthodox Judaism is the oldest group who observe the
                       laws of the Torah strictly. √ OR
                       Conservative Judaism is the most recently formed of the
                       subdivisions of Judaism, in reaction to the liberal views of the
                       Reformed Jews. √                                                            (2)

          1.4.6        False.√ Ritual is a religious observance intended to remind of a
                       sacred occasion. √ OR
                       Compassion is a feeling for others that involves care for and
                       sympathy with them.                                                         (2)

1.5       1.5.1        Christians/Christianity√√                                                   (2)
          1.5.2        Brahman/Ishwar/Ishvara/Shiva/Vishnu√√                                       (2)
          1.5.3        Constantine√√                                                               (2)
          1.5.4        Normative√√                                                                 (2)
          1.5.5        Yang√ and yin√                                                              (2)
          1.5.6        Qur'an√√                                                                    (2)

                                                                     TOTAL SECTION A:              50

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SECTION B:

QUESTION 2

2.1       2.1.1        • It is regarded as the beginning of our present day awareness of
                         inter-religious dialogue and relationships.
                       • Hinduism was introduced to the West. The talks by Swami
                         Vivekananda especially made an impression.
                       • The Parliament has continued to today, successfully promoting
                         inter-faith dialogue and co-operation in the world.
                       • Practically, it has helped with mediation between groups in
                         conflict situations.
                       • It has helped with alleviating suffering. E.g. the Parliament
                         developed a programme to help children in Africa who are
                         affected by HIV/Aids and provided medical supplies.
                       • It provides skills development programmes for people in
                         developing countries.
                       NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited.                                  (6)

          2.1.2        • It means different religions from all over the world coming
                         together.
                       • The aim is to converse with respect and inclusivity of all sides,
                         seeking to understand rather than to win an argument
                         (dialogue).                                                                   (4)

          2.1.3        • The parliament of a country is part of its government, made up
                         of representatives who have some power and authority.
                       • However, any person may attend PWR, whether representing a
                         larger body or not.
                       • PWR does not have any power or authority to actually enforce
                         any of the resolutions taken.
                       • It relies on those present to go back home to their countries and
                         voluntarily implement the recommendations of the Parliament.
                       NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited.                                  (6)
                       A maximum of FOUR marks may be awarded for one parliament,
                       and TWO marks for the other.
          2.1.4        EXAMPLE 1:
                       • African Council of Religious Leaders – Religions for Peace.
                       Successes:
                       • They successfully bring religious leaders in Africa together in an
                         atmosphere of inclusivity, respect and dialogue.
                       • They preserve the religious identity of the various religions.
                       • They uphold the principles of representivity, subsidiarity and
                         solidarity.
                       • They support locally led inter-faith activities and services.
                       • They participated in the World Social Forum.
                       • The positive work that has been done has made a difference to
                         those communities, and is greatly appreciated.

                       Failures:
                       • There is still much suffering in Africa as a result of conflict.
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                       • There is still suffering as a result of poverty and lack of
                          resources in Africa.
                       • Not all countries and government authorities recognize and give
                          support to the African Council of Religious Leaders – Religions
                          for Peace.
                       • The organization has limited resources, and it relies on public
                          donations.
                       EXAMPLE 2:
                       • World Conference of Religions for Peace.
                       Successes:
                       • The organization is active on every continent.
                       • It has formed many inter-religious groups to address common
                          problems.
                       • These groups are also working to promote world peace.
                       • They have mediated in conflict situations. E.g. Sierra Leone,
                          Bosnia and Kosovo.
                       • They have organized an international network of religious
                          women's organisations.
                       Failures:
                       • Despite the great and dedicated work by this organisation, the
                          world seems to be experiencing an increase in conflict and lack
                          of peace.
                       • There even seems to be an increase in religious conflict in the
                          world.
                       • Volunteer organisations like this invariably struggle to obtain the
                          resources required to match their needs.                                  (12)
                       NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited.
                       Two marks are awarded for naming the organisation. In addition, If
                       only successes or only failures are discussed, a maximum of 8
                       marks may be awarded.

          2.1.5        • Cape Town is home to many races, religious traditions, and
                         cultural varieties.
                       • They wanted to experience spiritual and cultural variety, to
                         exchange insight and to share wisdom.
                       • The world was full of admiration for South Africa on its
                         achievement of democracy in 1994.
                       • People were keen to come to South Africa in support of its
                         peaceful transition, including religious people.
                       • President Nelson Mandela supported interreligious relationships
                         and attended the Parliament.
                       • Cape Town is a world class city/has the necessary
                         infrastructure.
                       NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited.                               (6)

2.2       • A religious teaching is systematic information about a religion.
          • If the teaching is accepted by faith, it becomes a person's religious belief.
          • Therefore, teaching and belief are connected – teaching leads to belief and
            behind a belief there is a teaching.                                                    (4)

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2.3       • A doctrine is often contested.
          • There is a sense of argument and negotiation, as doctrines are
            constructed in relation to philosophical worldviews.
          • A dogma has to do with the claim to absolute authority of certain
            teachings.
          • A dogma is more formal, fixed and authoritative and therefore not
            contested.
          • Dogmas are binding on members if they want to claim membership of a
            religion. This means that in order to be regarded as a member of a religion,
            a person needs to accept its dogmas.                                                     (4)

2.4.      2.4.1        • A religion's uniqueness is at least one distinctive feature that
                         sets it apart from other religions.
                       • A unique feature is 'one-of-a-kind', something that belongs only
                         to that religion and no other.                                              (2)

          2.4.2        • Unity means standing together, for a common purpose.
                       • It is usually possible to identify the aspect in which religions are
                         united – they share a belief or a practice; they stand together to
                         fight for a cause, etc.                                                     (2)

2.5       2.5.1        • People in a religion might have a strong sense of togetherness
                         and support for each other, forming a united community.
                       • People in a religion are united in their belief in the teachings of
                         that particular religion.
                       • Members carry out the same practices within a religion.
                       NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited.                                (2)

          2.5.2        • Different religions might come together to provide humanitarian
                         assistance for a community affected by a natural disaster.
                       • They unite to address social challenges, such as gangsterism or
                         substance abuse, in their communities.
                       • Different religions might be in unity with regard to a
                         teaching/belief.
                       NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited.                                (2)
                                                                                                     [50]

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QUESTION 3

3.1       • The word 'media' is the plural of the Latin 'medium' meaning 'by means of'.
          • We understand media as the means by or through which mass
            communication is carried out.
          • Kinds of media: social media/ social networks;
          • electronic media; TV, films
          • Print media/ mass media – magazines, newspaper, publications,
            pamphlets, articles; radio, broadcasting, etc.                                         (6)
          NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited.

3.2       • The significant increase in coverage is in line with the communications
            explosion of our times.
          • Due to today's easy access to information, more people are curious to
            know and find out things, including religious matters, for themselves.
          • These days many ordinary people are also well-educated, not just the
            religious experts, and their education enables them to form their own
            opinions in religious matters and world affairs.
          • The increase in coverage can be beneficial to religion as it involves more
            people and there can be greater accountability all round.
          • On the other hand, mere increase in coverage is not automatically a
            benefit, especially if the coverage is skewed.
          NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited.                                           (6)

3.3       3.3.1        • 'Orthodox faiths' means the major traditional religions of the
                         world, e.g. Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Hinduism and
                         Buddhism.
                       • 'Minority religions' means the smaller, lesser-known religions,
                         such as indigenous knowledge systems/indigenous religions,
                         Jainism, Confucianism, Shinto                                             (4)

          3.3.2        • Our increasingly secular world is not very interested in religion,
                         particularly the traditional, mainline religions.
                       • Our secular world may even be quite hostile to religion.
                       • These religions, regarded as 'old' and 'stuffy', are not seen as
                         newsworthy unless the news can be made sensational.
                       • The modern trend is towards protecting minorities who do not
                         have much of a voice to speak for themselves.
                       • Previously, the minority religions, such as the indigenous
                         religions, were in danger of dying out.
                       NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. aan                          (4)

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3.4       EXAMPLE 1:
          • Recently there have been reports in the print media/newspapers about
            sexual abuse of boys by clergy in the Anglican Church.
          • Two men have revealed this after more than 20 years of silence, one a
            well-known author.
          • The Anglican Archbishop of Cape Town, Archbishop Thabo Makgoba,
            devoted part of his Easter sermon to this matter, which has been a shock
            to the church.
          • He acknowledged that the church has lagged behind in investigating such
            matters.
          • The article gave a balanced view.
          • The Archbishop must be complimented for his honesty and for the steps
            he has taken to prevent such crises.
          EXAMPLE 2:
          • According to a report in the social media, the Cultural, Religious and
            Language Rights Commission has been investigating reports of sexual
            abuse by religious leaders.
          • A spokesperson for the Commission has stated that this issue is 'more
            common than we thought'.
          • The Commission is doing its work following up the complaints in an
            objective and professional manner.
          • At the same time, it laments the spread of sexual abuse that it is
            uncovering.
          • Initial reports indicate that the sexual abuse has been going on for a long
            time, but in silence and secrecy.
          • The victims feel helpless because the perpetrator is an authority figure in a
            position of trust.
          • They are also often threatened with violence, and therefore remain silent.
          NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited.                                           (10)

3.5       3.5.1       • This is a generalisation of someone or a group of people that is
                        fixed and widely held, that one has accepted unquestioningly from
                        others, without personal reflection or experience or research.
                      • The acceptance is based on a preconceived idea or ignorance or
                        prejudice.
                      • Example: Germans are anti-Jew.
                      NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited.                               (4)

          3.5.2       • This is an unfair favouring of one or other point of view.
                      • It is similar to prejudice.
                      • It is the opposite of impartiality.
                      • Example: In the apartheid era, the state was biased towards a
                        specific interpretation of the Bible that favoured white supremacy.
                      NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited.                               (4)

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          3.5.3       • It means reporting all sides of an issue without favouring any one.
                      • Synonyms for impartiality are neutrality, fairness, non-bias,
                        objectivity.
                      • It is the opposite of bias or prejudice.
                      • Example: The South African Constitution shows impartiality in
                        matters of religion or race.
                      NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited.                                (4)

          3.5.4       • Sensationalism is reporting with the intention of raising 'hype'
                        around an issue.
                      • The reason is often commercial – to grab attention and so attract
                        sales.
                      • There is less concern to take a reasoned approach.
                      • There is no concern to get to the truth of the matter.
                      • Example: the pastors who sprayed their congregation with
                        insecticide received worldwide publicity.
                      NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited.                                (4)

          3.5.5       • This is an account that reports the facts, without emotive language.
                      • It is the opposite of a sensational or emotional or biased account.
                      • E.g. A report on Roman Catholic priests that balances the good
                        and the bad, showing the proportion of those involved in child
                        abuse and measuring this against the general population.
                      NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited.                                (4)
                                                                                                    [50]

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QUESTION 4

4.1       EXAMPLES:
          Freedom from discrimination
          • You have the responsibility to uphold this right both for yourself and for
             others.
          • You must not discriminate against others on the basis of race, colour, sex,
             language or political opinion.
          The right to marriage and family
          • You have the responsibility to support and promote family life, especially
             your own.
          • You have the responsibility not to act in any way that would lead to the
             break-down of a family.
          The right to education
          • You have the responsibility to attend classes.
          • You have the responsibility to be a diligent learner/student doing the work
             and study required.
          NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited.                                          (8)

4.2       • In the Bill of Rights in the South African Constitution, religious freedom is
            included among the rights listed.
          • It says 'everyone has the right to freedom of conscience, religion, thought,
            belief and opinion.'
          Religious observances may be conducted at state or state-aided institutions
          under three conditions:
          • The observances follow rules made by the appropriate public authorities.
          • The observances are conducted on an equitable basis.
          • Attendance is free and voluntary.                                                     (8)

4.3       • At important state occasions, such as the inauguration of the state
            president, the opening of parliament and at public holiday celebrations
            (e.g. Freedom Day), leaders from many faiths are invited to participate.
          • Religions co-operate freely to tackle community needs, such as activities
            for the youth and elderly, soup kitchens, social and spiritual counselling
            and support, the fight against drugs and gangsterism.
          • Inter-religious services and prayer meetings are held.
          • Prayer for rain to alleviate the drought in Cape Town and other parts of
            South Africa is an example.
          • Religious discrimination can be reported to the Human Rights
            Commission.
          • It can also be investigated by the Cultural, Religious and Language Rights
            Commission.
          • Both these bodies have acted decisively to protect religious freedom.
          • Religion Studies teaches about different religions and traditions. It includes
            faiths which were marginalized during the apartheid era.
          • It is not a compulsory subject.
          NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited.                                          (10)

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4.4       EXAMPLE 1:
          • Sudan in Africa.
          • Civil war broke out when the Muslim central government tried to impose
            Sharia law on the south.
          • The tribes in the south were Christians and some were followers of African
            Religion.
          • Religious freedom was violated.
          • When South Sudan was made an independent country in 2011, matters
            quietened down for a short period.
          EXAMPLE 2:
          • Syria in the Middle East.
          • Fundamentalist Muslims (ISIS/ISIL) wanted to set up a caliphate.
          • They fought violently to chase away moderate Muslims, and people of other
            faiths, in order to create space for them to take over.
          • For example, Christians that had been there for a long time, were chased out.
          • This is a violation of religious freedom.
          • There are also undertones of Sunni-Shia conflict, each side showing
            intolerance towards the other.
          NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited.                                              (8)
4.5       4.5.1        EXAMPLES:
                       • Judaism and Christianity teach that each person is unique because
                         he/she is made in the image and likeness of God.
                       • He/she is deserving of human dignity and equality.
                       • Christianity also teaches that one should love one's neighbour as
                         oneself.
                       • This shows that people are to love each other and that each one is
                         worthy of love.
                       • Most religions teach that human life is sacred and must be given
                         the greatest respect. E.g. Islam, African Religion, Hinduism.
                       • Buddhism has the teaching 'First, do no harm' (ahimsa).
                       • It clearly spells out that we do not have the right to harm others
                         and that everyone has the right to be protected and safe.
                       NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited.                                 (8)
                       NO credit is given if religious teachings are not clearly indicated.
          4.5.2        EXAMPLES:
                       • Buddhism teaches the Eightfold Path to attain Nirvana.
                       • The Eightfold Path encourages each one to work towards spiritual
                         fulfilment, regardless of the particular religion. This is freedom of
                         religion in practice.
                       • The Baha'i faith teaches that all religions believe in the same God
                         and one day all people will be united in the Baha'i Faith, the only
                         religion that will be in existence.
                       • There is religious freedom because all religions are included.
                       • Islam teaches that Allah created people with free will and the ability
                         to reason.
                       • People have freedom of belief because it is impossible to force
                         people to believe in something. The Qur'an states 'There is no
                         compulsion in Islam'.
                       • Hinduism teaches that all religions are different paths leading to
                         the Divine.
                       Every person must faithfully follow his/her path towards God.                  (8)
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                       NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited.
                       NO credit is given if religious teachings are not clearly indicated.

                                                                                                    [50]

QUESTION 5

5.1 NOTE: Award TWO marks for the definition, and TWO marks for the religion.
       5.1.1     • This is the worship of or belief in only one god.
                 • The Abrahamic religions are monotheistic
                 • The Abrahamic religions are Judaism, Christianity and Islam.                     (4)

          5.1.2        • This refers to someone who chooses the optional stage of life of
                         the devout person.
                       • This person withdraws from society, gives up all possessions
                         and wanders about.
                       • It is a practice in Hinduism.                                              (4)

          5.1.3        • This means showing respect and empathy for people.
                       • It includes helping those who are physically, emotionally,
                         socially or spiritually in need.
                       • It is a communal way of life based on 'Umuntu ngumuntu
                         ngabantu' meaning 'I am because we are'.
                       • It is the ethics or moral order based on respect for people.
                       • It is found in African Traditional Religion.                               (4)

          5.1.4        • Dharma refers to the way of Higher Truths (doctrines)
                       • This is how it is understood in Buddhism
                                                           OR
                       • Dharma is the belief that there is divine order in the whole of
                         existence.
                       • This is how it is understood in Hinduism.                                  (4)

5.2       5.2.1        • These make up the Abrahamic religions/Religions of the Book/
                         the Near East or Middle East cluster.
                       • They are monotheistic.
                       • They share many prophets – Abraham, Isaac, Moses.
                       • They place great emphasis on religious teaching.
                       • They regard their sacred scripture as divinely inspired.
                       • They believe in the Judgement Day.
                       NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited.                               (2)

          5.2.2        • They belong to the cluster of the Indian sub-continent.
                       • Buddhism arose out of Hinduism, so they share a common root.
                       • They both believe in reincarnation (samsara), although they
                         have different perceptions of it.
                       • They both have the teachings of moksha and karma.
                       NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited.                               (2)

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          5.2.3        • They include much African culture in their rituals and practices.
                       • They believe that ancestors are intermediaries between God
                         and the living.
                       • They enjoy 'lively' services with spirited singing and dancing.
                       • The priests in the Zionist Christian Churches play a role similar
                         to healers in ATR.
                       NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited.                             (2)

5.3       NOTE: Practices such as fasting and Hajj are NOT credited.
          • They believe in Allah the Lord of all that exists.
          • They believe that there is only one God, Allah.
          • They believe in the angels.
          • They believe in His Books.
          • They believe in all His messengers.
          • They believe in Judgement Day.
          • They believe in Divine decree, good or bad.
          • They believe in predestination.                                                       ,
          • They believe in life after death.                                                     (12)

5.4       • Each is a set of thoughts, ideas, teachings, beliefs and practices that
            guides the worldview of their followers.
          • The word 'ideology' is often used as a substitute for religion, especially
            when the supporter of a particular ideology does not have a religion.
          • Current use of the word often implies that the speaker is talking about a set
            of beliefs not his/her own.
          • Ideology includes both secular and religious worldviews.                              (4)

5.5       EXAMPLE 1: AFRICAN TRADITIONAL RELIGION (ATR)
          • Ancestor veneration/Intermediaries
          • Although ATR believes in a Supreme Being, the followers do not interact
            much with this divinity who is seen as almighty and remote.
          • Instead they interact greatly with the ancestors whom they regard as
            intermediaries between the Supreme Being and humans.
          • The ancestors are a very important part of this religion. They guide and
            protect the family who consult them on all matters.
          • Humans interact with the ancestors through the human intermediaries
            known as sangomas or diviners.
          • To become a sangoma is a special calling.

          • Communal way of life/a clan based religion/the concept of ubuntu
          • There is a strong emphasis on the community, little idea of individualism.
          • The structure and organisation of society is clan-based, led by the elders
            for whom there is great respect. The elders will become the ancestors.
          • The spirit in the community is that of Ubuntu which fosters care for each
            other.

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          • Emphasis on practice/No special day of worship.
          • This religion emphasises 'doing'.
          • It has many rituals, carried out for various purposes, led by the elder of the
            clan.
          • There is no special date or time for the rituals.
          • They are carried out when needed and agreed upon by the clan or
            community.
          • When the ritual is carried out, that time and activity are sacred. There is no
            special day of worship.

          EXAMPLE 2: BUDDHISM
          • There is no God at the centre of its beliefs and teachings.
          • The aim and purpose of life is to attain Nirvana or Enlightenment.
          • This rests on the individual, who can get there by his own efforts and
            practices.
          • The way to achieve Nirvana is by following the Eightfold Path.

          • Humans suffer and are unhappy because of attachment.
          • The way to alleviate this is to develop the attitude of detachment.
          • Detachment can be developed with the realisation that everything in the
            universe is impermanent.
          • The Four Noble Truths teach this worldview.

          • The Eightfold Path teaches a way of living that leads to Nirvana:
          • Right understanding and thought involves the wisdom to actively choose
            this way.
          • Next comes the right conduct or actions that go with this decision – right
            speech, action, and livelihood.
          • The last three involve the higher level of the spiritual – right effort,
            mindfulness and concentration in meditation.
          NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited.                                       (12)
                                                                                               [50]

                                                                    TOTAL SECTION B:           100
                                                                       GRAND TOTAL:            150

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