# Religion Studies Grade 12 P2 NSC June 2018 Memo (English) > Grade 12 Religion Studies Paper 2 memorandum from the NSC June Exam 2018 (English), 16 pages. Read online or download the free PDF. - Page: https://www.hlayiso.com/library/religion-studies-p2-may-june-2018-memo-eng/b23b5881-3920-4e6d-aebe-f3622d683c4e - Updated: 2026-09-27 - Subject: Religion Studies - Grade: Grade 12 - Document type: Memorandum - Year: 2018 - Exam period: NSC June Exam - Paper: 2 - Curriculum: CAPS - Pages: 16 Breadcrumbs: [Home](https://www.hlayiso.com/) › [Library](https://www.hlayiso.com/library) › [Grade 12](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/grade-12) › [Religion Studies](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/grade-12/religion-studies) › [Religion Studies Grade 12 P2 NSC June 2018 Memo (English)](https://www.hlayiso.com/library/religion-studies-p2-may-june-2018-memo-eng/b23b5881-3920-4e6d-aebe-f3622d683c4e) ## About this document Religion Studies · Grade 12 · NSC June Exam · 2018. Memorandum, 16 pages. Read online or download the PDF. Read it free online on the page above; download the PDF from there. ## Document text Text extracted from the PDF. Layout, diagrams and tables may not survive extraction. ### Page 1 Downloaded from hlayiso.com SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATIONS RELIGION STUDIES P2 2018 MARKING GUIDELINES MARKS: 150 These marking guidelines consist of 16 pages. Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 2 Downloaded from hlayiso.com Religion Studies/P2 2 DBE/2018 SCE – Marking Guidelines QUESTION 1 NOTE: If no religion is mentioned or clearly implied in 1.1-1.5, no credit is given. If more than one religion is mentioned, only the first religion is credited. If a religion is mentioned only in any sub question, this religion is binding in 1.1 -1.5.. Other relevant responses must be credited. 1.1 EXAMPLE 1: ISLAM • According to the Qur'an, Allah created the universe in six phases. • Allah provides the energy and everything that the universe needs for survival. • According to Islam, the existence of the universe is not accidental. • Life is not purposeless, but planned and purposeful. • The vast variety of plants and animals species in the world has important roles in the ecosystem. • New forms of life are continuously being created and function according to established divine laws. • The universe is not eternal but has a fixed timespan. (10) 1.2 • Islam believes in a universal God called Allah. • Belief in the oneness of Allah is the foundation of Islam. • Allah has other titles, which reflect His attributes. • He is the Creator (Khaliq) and Originator (Badi) of the universe, continuing to create new forms of life and sustaining all of creation. • Human beings must affirm and acknowledge the existence of Allah and live in accordance with His divine will. • The Muslim understanding of divinity is shaped essentially by the Qur'an. (10) 1.3 • Humans are one of the many species that make up creation. • Humans in Islam are the highest form of creation. • They are vice-regents (khalifah) of Allah. • This places an enormous responsibility on human beings. • They are entitled to use the earth's resources for their own benefit. • They have to respect creation highly, and use resources responsibly and efficiently. • They are accountable for their actions on the Day of Judgment. (10) 1.4 Muslims fulfil their responsibilities because of the following reasons: • Muslims take care of one another. • They have special offerings they give for the poor and strangers. • They are also farmers who look after animals and cultivate the land. • The destruction of environment is forbidden and there is condemnation of pollution in Islam. • They live their life according to the Qur'an to demonstrate that they are vice-regents of Allah. OR Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 3 Downloaded from hlayiso.com Religion Studies/P2 3 DBE/2018 SCE – Marking Guidelines They do not fulfill their responsibilities: • Some Muslims are involved in wars and use chemical weapons. This is regarded as a war crime, e.g. Syria. • They recruit the youth to join extremist organizations to kill in the name of Islam, e.g. ISIS. • In some Muslim countries, modern society is depleting valuable natural resources. • They discriminate against non-Muslims, e.g. Egypt. • Civilian populations are not spared in conflict situations. • They use natural resources to create dangerous weapons to destroy one another rather than benefitting humans. (10) 1.5 • The sacred scripture of Islam is the Qur'an. • The Qur'an is the final message for humanity given to the Prophet Muhammad through the archangel Gabriel. • The Prophet shared the revelation with his followers orally. • He could not read or write. • The Qur'an is regarded as the Word of God. • The Qur'an was revealed to the Prophet over a period of 23 years • The Qur'an was revealed in Arabic language. • Before the Prophet died, he had recited the entire Qur'an from memory. • His followers wrote the Qur'an in the lifetime of the Prophet. • The Qur'an cannot be translated without losing its meaning. • The message and the teachings contained in the Qur'an cannot be separated from the language in which it is written. • The secondary scriptures in Islam are Hadiths. • Hadith refers to the sayings of Prophet Muhammad which were recorded by his scribes and remembered by his companions. • The most famous compilers are Imam Bukhari and Imam Muslim. (10) 1.1 EXAMPLE 2: BUDDHISM • Buddhists believe that the world was not created at any point in time. • The world has been created millions of times every second and will continue to do so by itself. • The world will break away by itself. • According to Buddhism, the world system always appears and disappears in the universe. • The universe, in which we live, has existed for an enormous period of time and possibly for endless time. • The explanation of the origin of the world is not a concern in Buddhism. • In the eyes of Buddha, the world is nothing but Samsara – the cycle of repeated birth and deaths. • The beginning and the end of the world is within this Samsara. • Since elements and energies are relative and inter-dependent, it is meaningless to single out anything as the beginning. (10) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 4 Downloaded from hlayiso.com Religion Studies/P2 4 DBE/2018 SCE – Marking Guidelines 1.2 • Divinity is not a key belief in Buddhism. • Most forms of Buddhism accept that there are beings who are more powerful and who live longer than humans. • They may be referred to as 'gods'. • The core Buddhist teaching that everything is impermanent implies that even the gods in Buddhism are not immortal. • They may live for millions of years, but eventually will die and be reborn. • They did not create the universe, for they themselves are part of it. • Buddhists may pray to a local god, but they do not believe that the god can help them become enlightened. (10) 1.3 • Buddhism sees being born as a human as rare and very precious, since one can be born as so many other types of being. • Humanity is the only condition in which enlightenment is possible. • In Buddhism human reincarnation is very important. • The primary responsibility of every human is to become enlightened. • Humans must share the way of enlightenment with others. • Everything else is secondary and, anyway, impermanent. (10) 1.4 Buddhists fulfil their roles because of the following reasons: • In Buddhism, most Buddhists use meditation for peace of mind and enlightenment. • Buddhist communities are generally peace-loving, and accepting of other religions. • They focus on a goal of self-improvement. • They also attempt to find harmony in life and in nature. • The Buddhist lives a life of detachment, and rethinks past life to enter spiritual life. • Bodhisattvas delay themselves from entering nirvana out of compassion for human suffering, in order to help other humans become enlightened. They do not fulfill their responsibilities for the following reasons: • Buddhism has historically not been good at practical efforts to fight poverty, discrimination, diseases, as a way of enlightenment. • The Buddhist who emphasises that every person in the universe controls his/her own destiny, leads people to be greedy and selfish. • In Buddhism a person's luck or misfortune, success or failure, is determined by his/her deeds, and that leads to suffering for an unknown past. • Buddhists are also involved in ethnic cleansing in their countries, e.g. in Myanmar. • To get what they want, they are prepared not only to suffer themselves, but even to make others suffer. (10) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 5 Downloaded from hlayiso.com Religion Studies/P2 5 DBE/2018 SCE – Marking Guidelines 1.5 • The sacred scripture is the Pali Canon or Tripitaka/Tipitaka. • The Tripitaka was written in the 1st century BCE. • It contains some of the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, founder of Buddhism. • It is called Tripitaka because it was first written on palm leaves, which were put in three different baskets. • It is sometimes called Pali Canon because it was originally written in the Pali Language. • In Theravada Buddhism, the very large canonical tradition goes back to about the fifth century BCE. • It was transmitted orally for a few centuries before it was eventually written down. • From its earliest time, it has produced an ever growing body of commentaries on the canonical tradition. • The Tripitaka was transmitted in Pali, a language closely related to Sanskrit. • Mahayana Buddhism has produced a voluminous body of literature in Buddhist form of Sanskrit. • Of special importance is the Prajna-Paramita Sutras (the sutras about the wisdom that has gone beyond). (10) [50] Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 6 Downloaded from hlayiso.com Religion Studies/P2 6 DBE/2018 SCE – Marking Guidelines QUESTION2 2.1 • The theory of evolution explains the development of life from a simple form to its most complex form today. • This development includes the evolution of humans through primitive stages to modern humans. Darwin's theory consists of four ideas: • Species contain a great variety of differences. • Both the world and species change over time. • In the fight for survival, better adapted variation will be favoured while those that are not fit will struggle to survive. • A species may gradually change its form and become more complex by developing along a path of successful variation. • According to Charles Darwin humans evolved from apes. (10) 2.2.1 CHRISTIANITY NOTE: If only the religious perspective is given, and is not linked to Darwin’s theory, a maximum of FOUR marks may be awarded for 2.2.1 and 2.2.2 • Traditional Christians accept the literal interpretation of the scriptures as written in the book of Genesis. • To these Christians, the word of God is the only literal truth. • Traditional Christians consider it impossible that humans evolved from animals. • They believe that man was created in the 'image of God' • The theory of evolution is therefore rejected by conservative Christians. • The liberal Christians accommodate Darwin's theory and understand the book of Genesis to be interpreted symbolically. (8) 2.2.2 HINDUISM • Hinduism has a more complicated theory of evolution than Darwin's theory. • Their concept of evolution also involves spiritual evolution. • Hindus believe that one has control over both spiritual and physical evolution. • Good life leads to gradual evolution to an advanced form. • Doing good deeds leads to better life, and bad deeds lead to lower life in reincarnation. • Darwin's theory of evolution has some shortcomings because it does not address spiritual life. (8) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 7 Downloaded from hlayiso.com Religion Studies/P2 7 DBE/2018 SCE – Marking Guidelines 2.3.1 • The scientific theory of creation of the universe is called the Big Bang theory. • What existed before the Big Bang is not known. • There was a big explosion in space and within seconds the universe had appeared and expanded to an enormous size. • It happened about fifteen billion years ago. • Small temperature differences in the initial explosion led to varying densities throughout the universe. • These eventually formed into clusters of matter and energy. • They formed vast collection of stars that we call galaxies. • Some galaxies condensed into a combination of stars and planets called solar systems. • Our earth belongs to one of the solar systems. (12) 2.3.2 EXAMPLE 1: ABRAHAMIC RELIGIONS. • Abrahamic religions believe in creation as narrated in their holy scriptures. • They believe that the universe was created by a Creator called God/Allah/Elohim. • The Creator is male. • At first only the Creator existed, and He then made the universe. • The universe is separate from the Creator. • God created the universe in six days. • The first two humans were Adam and Eve. • They were created in the image of God. • At the end of time, the universe that we see will be replaced by something perfect after a judgement day./The universe is not permanent. EXAMPLE 2: HINDUISM • To Hindus, the universe is the Creator. • The Creator has existed and will exist for all time. • The Creator has no limitation and therefore is not 'he', 'she or anything. • The Creator exists in either an active or a passive state. • The passive state is a state of rest when nothing happens. • At rest, the universe has no form, and is undifferentiated. • After a long time, the Creator stirs and becomes active. This is when some parts of the universe are different from other parts and 'creation' begins. (12) [50] Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 8 Downloaded from hlayiso.com Religion Studies/P2 8 DBE/2018 SCE – Marking Guidelines QUESTION 3 3.1 3.1.1 • Secularism means a separation of power between state and religion. • In the 16th century, Martin Luther set in motion certain changes that led to the splintering of Christianity into Catholic and Protestant groups. • This led to decades of religious wars in Europe. • At the time, the Church was very influential, both politically and socially. • Kings, emperors and nobility used the Church to establish their power. • In return, religious leaders also influenced rulers to promote their interpretation of beliefs. • All the warring parties thought that a society would be peaceful if everyone shared the same beliefs. • People started to seek for a state where there would be religious tolerance. • Intellectuals of the time came to a conclusion that religion was divisive rather than uniting. • A government which was based purely on reasoning and on an understanding of human nature was then the solution. • The Prince of Orange was one of the first persons to advocate a split between church and state. • Thus government and morality were divorced from religion, and secularism came into being. (12) 3.1.2 EXAMPLE 1: • AGNOSTICISM • The word 'agnosticism' comes from Greek: 'a-' meaning 'without' and 'gnosis' meaning 'knowledge'. • This refers to uncertainty about God-knowledge. • Agnostics believe that it is not possible to either prove or disprove the existence of a God/supernatural being. • Agnostics are sceptical of religious teachings. • They also argue that humans cannot comprehend such a thing as a divine power. • They reject religious doctrine, especially religions that claim they have spiritual knowledge. EXAMPLE 2: • MATERIALISM • As a secular worldview, materialism believes that matter is the only reality. • Materialism teaches its followers that there is no supernatural realm. • This worldview is opposed to the religious worldviews that are based on the beliefs that affirm the existence of any form of spiritual reality. Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 9 Downloaded from hlayiso.com Religion Studies/P2 9 DBE/2018 SCE – Marking Guidelines • Materialism propagates that nothing exists but nature. • According to materialism, any being that is viewed as beyond nature is a creature of imagination. • Materialism forbids its followers to subject themselves to any spiritual dependency. • New terms were developed from materialism, namely, dialectical materialism and historical materialism. • In dialectical materialism matter is regarded as the fundamental cause of everything. • Historical materialism: economics and the relationships between workers and owners as the basic structure in the community are referred to as historical materialism. • However, contemporary physicists and neuroscientists are challenging materialist explanations of reality. (14) 3.1.3 • There is peace because all religions are recognised as being equal. • There is no religion that is officially favoured by the state. • It promotes religious freedom. • It promotes religious tolerance. • In a secular constitution, all religions may practise and worship in their own ways but must not infringe on the religious rights of others. • In state functions, such as the inauguration of the president, all religions participate. • Religion cannot dictate terms on the laws of the state. NOTE: Other relevant responses must be credited. (14) 3.2 • Clearest meaning. • Grammar and historical context. • Plan, purpose and context. • Meaning of words. • Figurative language. • Other sacred texts. (10) NOTE: Any FIVE of the above responses must be credited. [50] Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 10 Downloaded from hlayiso.com Religion Studies/P2 10 DBE/2018 SCE – Marking Guidelines QUESTION 4 4.1 4.1.1 • Lack of knowledge about sex and contraceptives. • Family breakdown. • Peer pressure. • Low educational expectations. • Heightened sex-based messages in the media. • Barrier to access contraceptives including negative attitude of health staff. • Low self-esteem. (10) NB: Other relevant responses must be credited. 4.1.2 • The formal education of the teen mothers remains on hold during pregnancy. • They often do not complete their studies, owing to the responsibilities of motherhood. • They drop out of school, resulting in fruitless expenditure by the education department. • They then receive a child maintenance grant, which is further government expenditure. • Teenage moms can abandon their children, making them the state's responsibility. • Teenage mothers lack family support structures, and often become victims of abuse. • Teenage moms are more prone to committing suicide. • Teenage pregnancy can result in medical complications in both the mother and her baby. (10) NB: Other relevant responses must be credited 4.1.3 EXAMPLE 1: CHRISTIANITY • 'The body is not meant for sexual immorality, but for the Lord, and the Lord for the body.' (1Cor 6: 13). • This means that sex and sexuality must be within Biblical teachings that forbid extra- marital sex. • 'The Lord is my shepherd, I shall not want.' (Psalm 23:1-6). • It means the youth must rely on God for their needs, and to avoid sugar daddies/Blessers. • 'You shall not commit adultery.'(Exodus 20:14). • This commandment forbids pre-marital sex and extra-marital sex. • Christians are taught to live a holy life, including abstinence from sex before marriage. • 'If a man seduces a virgin who is not betrothed and lies with her, he shall give the bride price for her'. (Exodus 22:16-17). • This means that the man has to compensate her, thus discouraging sex outside of marriage. Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 11 Downloaded from hlayiso.com Religion Studies/P2 11 DBE/2018 SCE – Marking Guidelines EXAMPLE 2: AFRICAN TRADITIONAL RELIGION • Among the traditional Aka people, there are laws that are meant to ensure that a woman maintains her virginity. • In some instances early marriage is encouraged to avoid teen pregnancy. • Marriage serves as a sacred traditional stage to move from childhood to adulthood. • According to African tradition no woman is allowed to get married without having gone through puberty rites. • Every young woman has to remain a virgin prior to marriage. • The religion teaches followers about abstinence from sexual intercourse before marriage (principle of Ubuntu, respecting one's body and lineage). • Virginity testing is done by African women in order to fight teenage pregnancy. • Amongst the AmaZulu, the Reed Dance festival promotes maintenance of virginity among Zulu maidens. • If a Zulu man impregnates a lady outside wedlock he has to pay compensation for that (ukuhlawula). NB: Other relevant responses must be credited (10) 4.2 EXAMPLE 1: CHRISTIANITY • ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH • The branch sees itself as the original church. • God is made up of the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit. (The Trinity). • They believe that everyone is born in sin, because Adam and Eve disobeyed God's command. • The Holy Spirit comes from God the Father and the Son. • EASTERN ORTHODOX CHURCH • They believe that they are the rightly guided church. • They teach that the Pope does not have supreme authority over the church. • They believe that the Holy Spirit comes from God only and not the Son. • They believe that they are the original church founded by Jesus Christ. • PROTESTANTISM • They believe that faith is the key to salvation. • They teach that rituals are less important. • The Bible has more authority than the Pope. • Salvation is a gift given freely through the works of Jesus Christ. EXAMPLE 2: AFRICAN TRADITIONAL RELIGION • AMAZULU • They believe and acknowledge the existence of a Supreme Being called uMvelinqangi. • They believe that His status is so high that he cannot be directly approached. • Communication with uMvelinqangi is done through the ancestors. Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 12 Downloaded from hlayiso.com Religion Studies/P2 12 DBE/2018 SCE – Marking Guidelines • They also believe in a ceremony called 'brought back'(ukubuyisa ritual), where the living dead is established as an ancestor. • When there is illness or misfortune people consult either a diviner or a traditional healer. • They believe in the princess of heaven called uNomkhubulwana, who is associated with agriculture, rain and fertility. • AKA • The Aka believe in a creator spirit called Bembe. • They believe that Bembe retired after the act of creation. • They believe in the forest spirit called Dzengi. • They believe that Dzengi assists them in successful hunting. • Aka also have rituals directed to the spirits of ancestors and animals. • They also believe that people and animals reincarnate within their species • YORUBA • They believe that Olodumare/Olorun is the creator spirit. • They believe that each human possesses a fate or destiny. • They also believe that life is cyclical. • The aim of reincarnation is spiritual improvement. • They believe that good spirits become one with Olodumare. • They believe that the cosmos has two levels – the sky and the earth. • The Yoruba accept that after death a person enters the spirit realm and joins the living dead. (20) [50] Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 13 Downloaded from hlayiso.com Religion Studies/P2 13 DBE/2018 SCE – Marking Guidelines QUESTION 5 NOTE: If the area of conflict is a local conflict that can be verified, it must be credited. 5.1 EXAMPLE 1: CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC (CAR) • The conflict began approximately in 2003, when president Bozize seized power in the country. • A number of rebel groups fought against the government in what is called CAR Bush War (2003 – 2007) • These groups were called the Seleka (Union). • Peace talks between the rebels and government broke down in 2012. • The rebels accused Bozize of reneging on amnesty promises. • The Seleka captured a number of key towns in 2012. • They seized Bangui, the capital, in 2013. • The president fled the country in 2014. (14) • Several unrests flared up in the absence of any effective government. 5.2 • In 2017, the renewed violence in CAR made many people to flee their homes. • There is still relentless suffering. • Some became displaced within the CAR. • Others were forced to flee their country. • The UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres was planning to visit CAR in October 2017 because of the ongoing turmoil. • In January 2018, Rodrique Ngaibona, known as 'General Andjilo', a warlord who fought in anti-Balaka (anti-Muslim) was sentenced to life in prison. • In February 2018, Armel Sayo, the president of the fearsome Revolution and Justice Movement, urged all rebel elements to cease hostility and support the programme of Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintergration. (12) • There is now hope for peace in Central African Republic. 5.3 • This is not a religious conflict. • However, religion is exploited for political gain. • The main cause of conflict is political unrest. • The warring factions all want to have exclusive access to oil and diamond resources. • Both Christian and Muslim leaders showed support for African Union peace keepers • Religious leaders are engaging with conflicting parties in dialogue. • They took care of the casualties of war. • They provided shelter to the victims of conflict. • They provided medical assistance. • They provided food to those who are needy due to the violence. • They repaired clinics. • They promoted mutual respect among the parties in conflict. (10) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 14 Downloaded from hlayiso.com Religion Studies/P2 14 DBE/2018 SCE – Marking Guidelines 5.4 YES Religion may be successful if the parties involved engage in dialogue: • If they respect one another. • If they tolerate one another. • If religion displays a high level of impartiality. • If parties involved in conflict may understand the value of compromise. • If the government supports the religious leaders. • If religion is objective in its approach to solving the conflict. NO Religion may not be successful if it is subjective in its dealing with conflict resolution • Religion has to be impartial in its approach. • Failure to do so will mean that parties will not participate meaningfully. • Sometimes religion is not credible when it is understood as being partial and subjective when making decisions • Sometimes religions do not have a strong enough influence. • The parties in conflict must desire to reach a peace agreement – religion by itself will not achieve it • This calls for co-operation of all stakeholders in order to be successful. (14) 5.1 EXAMPLE 2: SUDAN • The conflict in Sudan has lasted more than 100 years. • The north of Sudan comprises mainly Arabic-speaking tribes. They are largely Muslim. • Some tribes are animists. • Other tribes are Christians who live in the Darfur region and the south. • There are also economic factors that play a role. • The economy of the north is better developed than the south. • The discovery of oil in the south (Heglig fields) has led to factional conflict. • Khartoum tends to exert political control over the south (because of oil). • When Khartoum imposed Sharia law on the whole country, it resulted in an armed uprising against the government. • The Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA) was formed and led the attacks against the government. • SPLA split into different factions, and turned to against each other. (14) Copyright reserved Please turn over ### Page 15 Downloaded from hlayiso.com Religion Studies/P2 15 DBE/2018 SCE – Marking Guidelines 5.2 • Although South Sudan gained independence from Sudan in 2011 through a UN referendum, little has changed. • Civil war erupted in South Sudan after the independence, and continues today. • Armed groups have turned on each other. • The vulnerable civilians are the victims. • The peace agreement signed in August 2015 proved to be ineffective. • There is still serious conflict between government and opposition parties. • There is widespread abuse of human rights and war crimes are being committed by the warring factions. • The healthcare centres are also vandalised. • In Sudan itself, there are sporadic uprisings against the government. • These are economic in nature. (12) 5.3 • This is not a religious war. • Religion plays only a minor role in the conflict. • No attempt has been made by one religion to convert another religion. • Muslims were also enlisted in the SPLA. • The imposition of Sharia law was therefore not the cause of the conflict. • There was also evidence of infighting in the SPLA soon after it was formed. The conflict was therefore not caused by religion. • There are numerous other divisions (economic, cultural and tribal) which have continued, even after the independence of South Sudan. • Religious organisations such as Islamic Relief and the Catholic Agency for Overseas Development provide humanitarian support. • This includes repairing schools and clinics, and providing food and water. (10) 5.4 NO • People involved in civil uprising in Sudan are all Muslims. • There is no religious domination in South Sudan, and still the conflict continues. • The warring factions in South Sudan comprise Christian, Muslim and animists. • The splits are along tribal and economic lines, rather than religious lines. • Religion, more often, is seen as favouring one side by the parties involved. • Under the circumstances, religion does not have an influence over politicians. • Religion generally relies on public donations./ Religion has very limited funding. • The limited funding hampers the role of religion. • This also inhibits their role in any attempt to involve the conflicting parties in brokering peace. • Religious organisations do not have the mechanism to enforce agreements, for example, an army. Copyright reserved ### Page 16 Downloaded from hlayiso.com Religion Studies/P2 16 DBE/2018 SCE – Marking Guidelines YES • Religion may be successful if the parties involved engage in dialogue. • There is a greater chance of success- o If they respect one another. o If they tolerate one another. o If religion may display a high level of impartiality o If parties involved in conflict may understand the value of compromise. o If warring parties have sufficient trust in religious organisation. o If governments can support religious organisation financially. 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