AGR SCIENCES P1 GR10 MEMO NOV2020_English_hlayiso.com_.pdf

NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 10 NOVEMBER 2020 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 MARKING GUIDELINE (EXEMPLAR) MARKS: 150 This marking guideline consists of 9 pages.

2 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 (EC/NOVEMBER 2020) SECTION A QUESTION 1 1.1 1.1.1 C ✓✓ 1.1.2 A ✓✓ 1.1.3 A ✓✓ 1.1.4 D ✓✓ 1.1.5 C ✓✓ 1.1.6 B ✓✓ 1.1.7 C ✓✓ 1.1.8 C ✓✓ 1.1.9 D ✓✓ 1.1.10 C ✓✓ (10 x 2) (20) 1.2 1.2.1 B only ✓✓ 1.2.2 Both A and B ✓✓ 1.2.3 None ✓✓ 1.2.4 Both A and B ✓✓ 1.2.5 A only ✓✓ (5 x 2) (10) 1.3 1.3.1 Community ✓✓ 1.3.2 Food webs ✓✓ 1.3.3 Labour tenancy ✓✓ 1.3.4 Ruminants ✓✓ 1.3.5 Layers ✓✓ (5 x 2) (10) 1.4 1.4.1 Xerophytes ✓ 1.4.2 Commercial ✓ 1.4.3 Co-operatives/Pool ✓ 1.4.4 Bos Taurus ✓ 1.4.5 Saanen goat ✓ (5 x 1) (5) TOTAL SECTION A: 45 Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/NOVEMBER 2020) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 3 SECTION B QUESTIONS 2: AGRI-ECOLOGY 2.1 2.1.1 The type of energy flow illustrated in the diagram. • Ecological pyramid ✓ (1) 2.1.2 The number of trophic levels on the diagram. • 4 trophic levels ✓ (1) 2.1.3 The letter from the diagram where the following occurs: (a) D ✓ (1) (b) C ✓ (1) (c) A ✓ (1) 2.1.4 The energy is transferred from letter C to letter B. • The animals in letter B are predators/hunters. They kill and consume/eat ✓ the animals in letter C. ✓ (2) 2.1.5 THREE abiotic components required by plants. • Water ✓ • Air/Carbon dioxide ✓ • Soil ✓ • Sunlight ✓ (Any 3 x 1) (3) 2.2 Pastures and veld management 2.2.1 Definition of a pasture • A pasture is an area of land that is covered with plants ✓ and which is used by animals for grazing or browsing. ✓ (2) 2.2.2 The pasture that is poorly managed. • Pasture A ✓ (1) 2.2.3 The reason for your answer in QUESTION 2.2.2. • The pasture is overgrazed ✓ • Production is low ✓ • Production is 350 kg ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 2.2.4 The reason why pasture B is well managed. • The pasture is rested ✓ • High production per month – 1 200 kg ✓ • Pasture is not overgrazed ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 2.2.5 THREE farming practices that led to good pastural condition. • Stock rate ✓ • Animal ratio ✓ • Grazing systems ✓ (3) Copyright reserved Please turn over

4 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 (EC/NOVEMBER 2020) 2.2.6 Calculation of percentage for pasture C • 350 kg + 1 200 kg + 600 kg + 900 kg = 3 050 kg ✓ • 600 kg / 3 050 kg x 100 ✓ • 19,7% ✓ (3) 2.2.7 Feed to be produced at pasture D per year. • 900 kg x 12 months ✓ = 10 800 kg per year ✓ (2) 2.3 2.3.1 The biome represented by letters A and B. A – Fynbos ✓ B – Grass land ✓ (2) 2.3.2 The biome that is suitable for the following activities: (a) Grassland biome/B ✓ (1) (b) Fynbos/A ✓ (1) (c) Forest Biome/C ✓ (1) (d) Savannah/D ✓ (1) 2.3.3 THREE South African biomes not mentioned in the table. • Nama-Karoo ✓ • Thicket ✓ • Succulent Karoo ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 2.4 TWO negative effects of climate change in South Africa. • Reduced crop yield ✓ • Reduced livestock production ✓ • Reduced areas that are suitable for agriculture ✓ • Reduced soil fertility ✓ • Increased pests’ attacks ✓ • Reduced labour force ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2) [35] Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/NOVEMBER 2020) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 5 QUESTION 3: AGRO-INDUSTRY 3.1 3.1.1 (a) The province that is very rich. • Western Cape ✓ (1) (b) The province that is very poor. • Limpopo ✓ (1) 3.1.2 The reason for your answers to QUESTION 3.1.1. • Western Cape has more income per person ✓ • Limpopo has lowest income per person ✓ (2) 3.1.3 The type of food depicted on the table. • Staple food ✓ (1) 3.1.4 The reason why the food is mostly used by people. • It is a staple food ✓ • It is cheaper ✓ (Any 1 x 1) (1) 3.1.5 THREE other types of food not mentioned in QUESTION 3.1.3 • Fresh food ✓ • Processed food ✓ • Preserved food ✓ (3) 3.1.6 The bar graph that shows the provinces and income per person. Criteria for marking the graph • Correct heading ✓ • Bar graph ✓ • X-axis correctly calibrated/labelled (Provinces) ✓ • Y-axis correctly calibrated/labelled (Income per person) ✓ • Accuracy ✓ • Correct units (R) ✓ (6) Copyright reserved Please turn over

6 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 (EC/NOVEMBER 2020) 3.2 3.2.1 The number of people in South Africa during the year 2000. • 43/44 million ✓ (1) 3.2.2 The trend depicted on the graph. • From 1968 to 2000, ✓ the population increased/had been increasing. ✓ / • The population has been increasing ✓ over the number of years. ✓ (Any 1 x 2) (2) 3.2.3 THREE negative effects of growing population in the agricultural sector. • The demand for food increases ✓ • Farms become more mechanised and fewer farm labourers are needed ✓ • More people move to urban areas ✓ • Urban areas grow larger ✓ • The amount of agricultural land for food production decreases ✓ • Natural resources are degraded and depleted ✓ • Deforestation rates increase as more people need wood for fuel ✓ • Grazing land degenerates ✓ • Soil erosion due to poor farming practices ✓ (Any 3 x 1) (3) 3.3 3.3.1 The models of landownership depicted in PICTURES A, B and C. A – Communal land ✓ B – Private land ✓ C – State land ✓ (3) 3.3.2 The picture from the diagram that matches the following laws. (a) A/C ✓ (1) (b) B ✓ (1) 3.4 3.4.1 The type of indigenous knowledge used by the farmer in the picture. • Intercropping ✓ (1) 3.4.2 The reason to support your answer to QUESTION 3.4.1. • The farmer grows two different crops next to each other. ✓ (1) 3.4.3 The reason for using intercropping • The farmer wanted to control/prevent plant pests/diseases. ✓ (1) 3.4.4 TWO products the farmer produces • Maize ✓ • Green beans ✓ (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/NOVEMBER 2020) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 7 3.4.5 The differences between indigenous knowledge and scientific knowledge Indigenous Scientific knowledge knowledge (a) Age of the Knowledge of the Knowledge of the knowledge past. ✓ present. ✓ Old knowledge ✓ New knowledge ✓ (b) Method of Learnt by Learnt by study and learning experience ✓ education ✓ Passed on through Passed on through traditional rituals formal education and and storytelling ✓ learning ✓ (4) [35] QUESTION 4: ANIMAL STUDIES 4.1 4.1.1 By-product for cattle breeds • B ✓– kraal manure ✓ (2) 4.1.2 Identification of animal products (a) D ✓ (1) (b) C ✓ (1) (c) A ✓ (1) 4.1.3 Examples of indigenous beef breeds. • Afrikaner ✓ • Bonsmara ✓ • Drakensberger ✓ • Nguni ✓ (Any 3 x 1) (3) 4.1.4 Examples of dairy breeds not mentioned in QUESTION 4.1.2 • Guernsey ✓ • Ayrshire ✓ (2) 4.2 4.2.1 Grazers on the diagram • A/sheep ✓ • C/donkey ✓ (2) 4.2.2 State whether animal B is a ruminant or non-ruminant. • Ruminant ✓ (1) 4.2.3 Reason for the answer to QUESTION 4.2.2. • The animal has a complex stomach. ✓ • The animal is a goat. ✓ • The animal has four chambered stomach. ✓ (Any 1 x 1) (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

8 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 (EC/NOVEMBER 2020) 4.2.4 Reasons for the domestication of sheep. • Wool production ✓ • Mutton production ✓ (2) 4.2.5 The farm animal from the diagram with the following qualities: (a) Adapted to desert areas and very load vocalisation. • C / Donkey ✓ (1) (b) Resistant to fleece rotting and blowfly attack. • A / Sheep ✓ (1) (c) The animal is kept for meat production and it is indigenous. • B / Goat ✓ (1) 4.2.6 TWO differences between mohair fibres and wool fibres Mohair fibres Wool fibres Smooth and glossy ✓ Soft and whitish in colour ✓ Curly ✓ Wavy ✓ Hollow centre ✓ Solid in the centre ✓ Natural crease resistance. ✓ Elastic ✓ No scales on the outer surface ✓ Have scales on the outer surface ✓ (Any 2 x 2) (4) 4.3 4.3.1 The disease that is experienced by many countries. • African swine fever ✓ 4.3.2 The animal that will be affected by African swine fever. • Pigs ✓ (1) 4.3.3 Explain how farmers can prevent the spread of African swine fever. The farmers must respect the rules, ✓ so that the disease does not become endemic. ✓ (2) 4.3.4 Pork breeds •• • Minnesota ✓ • Duroc ✓ • Large white ✓ • Landrace ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 4.4 4.4.1 TWO requirements of healthy nest boxes for layers. • Warm ✓ • Dry ✓ • Protected ✓ • Water availability ✓ • Food availability ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/NOVEMBER 2020) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 9 4.4.2 Basic requirements for successful production. • Housing ✓ • Management ✓ • Breeding ✓ • Nutrition/Feeding ✓ (Any 3 x 1) (3) 4.4.3 The name of meat producing chickens. • Broilers ✓ (1) [35] TOTAL SECTION B: 105 GRAND TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved Please turn over