AGR SCIENCES P2 GR10 MEMO NOV2018_English_hlayiso.com_.pdf

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 10 NOVEMBER 2018 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 MARKING GUIDELINE MARKS: 150 This marking guideline consists of 8 pages.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 2 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2018) SECTION A QUESTION 1 1.1 1.1.1 B √√ 1.1.2 C √√ 1.1.3 A √√ 1.1.4 C √√ 1.1.5 C √√ 1.1.6 D √√ 1.1.7 A √√ 1.1.8 C √√ 1.1.9 C √√ 1.1.10 A √√ (10 x 2) (20) 1.2 1.2.1 E √√ 1.2.2 I √√ 1.2.3 F √√ 1.2.4 A √√ 1.2.5 B √√ (5 x 2) (10) 1.3 1.3.1 Humidity √√ 1.3.2 Mono-cropping / monoculture √√ 1.3.3 Fodder crops √√ 1.3.4 Aeration √√ 1.3.5 Pods √√ (5 x 2) (10) 1.4 1.4.1 Exotic/Alien √ 1.4.2 Inversion √ 1.4.3 Crusting √ 1.4.4 Organ √ 1.4.5 Salinity √ (5 x 1) (5) TOTAL SECTION A: 45 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/NOVEMBER 2017) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 3 SECTION B QUESTION 2: SOIL SCIENCES 2.1 Description of soil components 2.1.1 (a) Living organisms √ (1) (b) Organic matter / minerals √ (1) (c) Soil air √ (1) (d) Soil water √ (1) 2.1.2 Bacteria synthesizing protein in roots Nitrogen fixing / aerobic bacteria √ (1) 2.1.3 Influence of fine texture on soil air movement Presence of micro pores √ between soil particles result in a slow movement of air. √ (2) 2.1.4 THREE functions of soil in an ecosystem  Soil anchors plants. √  Medium in which plant grows. √  Supply water, nutrients and air to the plants. / Cycle nutrients needed by plants. / Keeps the soil fertile by decomposing organic matter. √  Maintain soil structure.  Retain water in catchments.  Regulate soil and plant temperature.  Detoxifies the soil by helping with the suppression of pests, parasites and diseases. (Any 3 x 1) (3) 2.2 2.2.1 Secondary mineral √ (1) 2.2.2 Examples of secondary minerals  Montmorillonite √  Kaolinite √  Haematite  Goethite  Gypsum (Any 2 x 1) (2) 2.2.3 Physical structure of primary minerals  Hard √ / coarse √ (Any 1 x 1) (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 4 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2018) 2.2.4 Difference between precious stones and soil nutrients Precious minerals Soil nutrients Minerals of economic and Minerals required for the healthy ornamental value √ growth of plants √ (2) 2.3 Mineral identification characteristics 2.3.1 Hardness √ (1) 2.3.2 Cleavage √ (1) 2.4 2.4.1 Types of chemical reactions A – Hydrolysis √ B – Carbonation √ (2) 2.4.2 Explanation A – Less soluble minerals react with water √ to form a new mineral that is softer and easier to weather. √ (2) 2.4.3 Product of respiration by soil microbes  Water √  Carbon dioxide (Any 1 x 1) (1) 2.4.4 Classes of igneous rocks  Extrusive rocks √  Intrusive rocks √  Plutonic rocks √ (3) 2.5 2.5.1 Identification of the diagram Soil profile √ (1) 2.5.2 Motivation A succession of soil horizons √ in a vertical section √ through the soil is shown. (2) 2.5.3 Zone of illuviation B horizon √ (1) 2.5.4 Justification of QUESTION 2.5.3 Compounds draining from above accumulate in B horizon √ (1) 2.5.5 Ions accumulating in podzol soils.  Plant roots √  Microbes √  Burrowing animals (Any 2 x 1) (2) 2.6 2.6.1 Interpretation of the equation soil forming factors A–O√ (1) B–P√ (1) [35] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/NOVEMBER 2017) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 5 QUESTION 3: PLANT STUDIES 3.1 3.1.1 Classification of field crops A – Grain crops √ B – Oil seed crops √ C – Industrial crops √ (3) 3.1.2 Definition of field crops Crops grown in large fields √√ (2) 3.1.3 Economic importance of maize  For making sugars, alcoholic drinks, sugar and syrups √  Corn oil from maize seeds is used for making margarine and salad oil √  Source of food for the people and livestock √ (3) 3.1.4 Factors influencing successful crop production  Choose crops that are suitable for the climatic and soil conditions of an area √  Plant crops at the right time of the year √  Maintain correct sowing width / prepare seedbeds √  Plant good quality seeds/plant seeds that are free from diseases  Provide specific nutrients needed by crops to grow  Ensure sufficient water supply  Practice integrated pest management to control weeds, insects and diseases  Erect windbreaks to protect crops from wind and to reduce evaporation and transpiration  Harvest crops at the right time / use correct harvesting method  Store harvested crops correctly  Transport to carry crops must not damage them (Any 3 x 1) (3) 3.2 3.2.1 Identification of fruit A – Grapes √ B – Avocadoes √ C – Citrus fruit √ D – Pine √ (4) 3.2.2 Climatic requirements of bananas Warm climate / cannot tolerate cool or frosty winters / grow well between optimum temperatures 22 °C to 31 °C √ (Any 1 x 1) (1) 3.2.3 Vitamins that bananas contain Vitamin B √ Vitamin C √ (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 6 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2018) 3.3 3.3.1 Nutrient provided Protein √ (1) 3.3.2 Quantity of hay produced from lucerne cultivated on 35 hectares of land by a dairy farmer from 2005 to 2010. Years of production Bales of lucerne produced (kg) 2005/6 500 2006/7 1 000 2007/8 1 200 2008/9 2 950 2009/10 3 600 Marking guideline for the table  Correct caption √  Values for 𝑦-axis correctly labelled (Lucerne produced) √  Values for 𝑥-axis correctly labelled (Years of production) √  Units indicated in table (kg) √  Table drawn √ (5) 3.3.3 Trend Lucerne production is increasing √ with time √ (2) 3.3.4 Quantity bales to be produced on 105 ha 1 000 kg x 105 ha √ = 3 000 √ kg √ 35 ha (3) 3.4 3.4.1 Legislation controlling invasive plants Conservation of Agricultural Resource Act, 1983 / CARA Regulation 15 and 16 √ (1) 3.4.2 Reasons for growing protected trees  Trees are rare or threatened due to heavy use √  Play a role in the functioning of the environment √  Trees are of cultural or spiritual importance √ (3) 3.4.3 Examples of protected forest trees  Real Yellowwood tree/Podocarpus Latifolius √  Red Stinkwood/Prunus Africana √ (2) [35] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/NOVEMBER 2017) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 7 QUESTION 4: SUSTAINABLE NATURAL RESOURCE UTILISATION AND BIOLOGICAL CONCEPTS 4.1 4.1.1 Phenomenon displayed in the picture Soil erosion √ (1) 4.1.2 Impact of soil erosion to the environment  Reduction in arable land √  Loss of soil quality √  Siltation of dams (Any 2 x 1) (2) 4.1.3 Preventative measures of soil erosion.  Allow vegetation in grazing fields to recover √  Sow cover crops √  Practise zero cultivation/no tilling √  Contour plough across slopes  Reduce ploughing before it rains (Any 3 x 1) (3) 4.1.4 Causes of soil erosion  Overgrazing √  Mono cropping / mono culture √  Bad cultivation practices√  Wetland loss/damage  Ploughing the marginal land (Any 3 x 1) (3) 4.1.5 Effects of incorrect disposal of agricultural waste on the soil  Rotting crop residues leach nutrients into the soil √  Buried toxic waste leaches into the soil √  Metal and glass are non-biodegradable √ (3) 4.2 4.2.1 Source of water Aquifer √ (1) 4.2.2 Classification of a resource Renewable √ (1) 4.2.3 Management strategies of National Water Act  Setting up a national monitoring team √  Dividing the country into 19 water-management areas √  Registering and licensing of water use to the Department of Water Affairs √ (3) 4.3 4.3.1 Types of cell divisions in representations A and B A – Mitosis√ B – Meiosis√ (2) 4.3.2 Justification A – Two daughter cells formed. √ (1) B – Four daughter cells formed. √ (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 8 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2018) 4.3.3 Cells formed in diagram B Sex cells / gametes √ (1) 4.3.4 Cell division producing diploid cells Diagram A / Mitosis √ (1) 4.3.5 Life consequences without meiosis  Sex cells/gametes will not be formed √  No genetic variation of the species √  Constant number of chromosomes from one generation to the next will not be provided √  Infertility (Any 3 x 1) (3) 4.4 4.4.1 Matching of the cell functions A – Nucleus √ B – Ribosomes √ C – Cell membrane √ D – Cytoplasm √ E – Mitochondria √ (5) 4.4.2 Definition of multicellular and unicellular organisms Multicellular organisms – are organisms that contain many cells √ Example – Plants / animals / fungi √ (2) Unicellular organisms – are organisms that consist of one cell √ Example – amoeba / bacteria / archaea / protozoa √ (2) [35] TOTAL SECTION B: 105 GRAND TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved Please turn over