AGRIC SCIENCES P1 GR10 MEMO NOV2018 English

NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 10 NOVEMBER 2018 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 MARKING GUIDELINE MARKS: 150 This marking guideline consists of 9 pages.

2 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 (EC/NOVEMBER 2018) SECTION A QUESTION 1 1.1 1.1.1 B ✓✓ 1.1.2 B✓✓ 1.1.3 A ✓✓ 1.1.4 D ✓✓ 1.1.5 A ✓✓ 1.1.6 C ✓✓ 1.1.7 A ✓✓ 1.1.8 C ✓✓ 1.1.9 D ✓✓ 1.1.10 B ✓✓ (10 x 2) (20) 1.2 1.2.1 B only ✓✓ 1.2.2 None ✓✓ 1.2.3 B only ✓✓ 1.2.4 None ✓✓ 1.2.5 Both A and B ✓✓ (5 x 2) (10) 1.3 1.3.1 Gross domestic product / GDP ✓✓ 1.3.2 Regurgitation ✓✓ 1.3.3 Feed conversion ratio / FCR ✓✓ 1.3.4 Dual purpose ✓✓ 1.3.5 Ecological pyramid ✓✓ (5 x 2) (10) 1.4 1.4.1 Biodiversity ✓ 1.4.2 Economy ✓ 1.4.3 Title hold ✓ 1.4.4 Resource protection law ✓ 1.4.5 Grazers ✓ (5 x 1) (5) TOTAL SECTION A: 45 Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/NOVEMBER 2018) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 3 SECTION B QUESTION 2: AGRO-ECOLOGY 2.1 2.1.1 Suitable heading for the diagram • Food web ✓ (1) 2.1.2 Letters representing primary consumers and predators (a) D/E/B ✓ (1) (b) A/C ✓ (1) 2.1.3 Changes that will take place in the ecosystem if organism C is removed • Organism D/B ✓ will increase ✓ (2) 2.1.4 TWO biotic factors • Cow ✓ • Bird ✓ • Mushroom ✓ • Plants/grass✓ • Rabbit ✓ • Human ✓ • Jackal ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 2.2 2.2.1 Threat to the forest biome • Farming (clearing of the forest) ✓ • Spread of invasive alien species ✓ (Any 1 x 1) (1) 2.2.2 TWO other threats that are not mentioned in the scenario • Growing human needs in rural areas (trees removed for wood, building, medicine) ✓ • Grazing and burning activities ✓ • Mining along the coast ✓ • Road building, power lines, dams, resorts. ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 2.2.3 TWO reasons for the importance of the forest biome in agriculture • Timber production ✓ • Plantation of exotic trees e.g. pine and eucalyptus ✓ • Supports the tropical and sub-tropical fruit industry ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

4 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 (EC/NOVEMBER 2018) 2.2.4 THREE other biomes of South Africa • Grassland ✓ • Fynbos ✓ • Savannah ✓ • Nama-Karoo ✓ • Succulent Karoo ✓ • Thicket ✓ (Any 3 x 1) (3) 2.3 2.3.1 The type of nutrient cycle in the diagram • Carbon cycle ✓ (1) 2.3.2 Main source of carbon • Atmosphere ✓ (1) 2.3.3 Labels for the processes numbered 1 and 6 • 1 – photosynthesis ✓ • 6 – Combustion ✓ (2) 2.3.4 THREE ways in which carbon dioxide is returned to the atmosphere • Respiration ✓ • Combustion ✓ • Decomposition✓ • Fossilisation ✓ (Any 3 x 1) (3) 2.4 2.4.1 Grazing systems represented by FARM A and FARM B • FARM A – Continuous grazing ✓ • FARM B – Rotational grazing ✓ (2) 2.4.2 Farm with minimal management input • Farm A ✓ (1) 2.4.3 Farm with low stocking rate • Farm B. ✓ Few animals in a camp compared to farm A ✓ (2) 2.4.4 THREE practices that lead to poor veld condition • Overgrazing ✓ • Veld burning ✓ • Overstocking ✓ • Selective grazing ✓ • Continuous grazing ✓ • Grazing repeatedly in the same season ✓ • Poor water management ✓ • Not allowing sufficient rest time ✓ • Not removing poisonous plants ✓ (Any 3 x 1) (3) Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/NOVEMBER 2018) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 5 2.5 2.5.1 Explanation of the underlined term • Global warming is the phenomenon of the temperature of the Earth increasing ✓due to greenhouse effect mainly caused by pollution ✓ (2) 2.5.2 TWO disadvantages of climate change from the scenario • Rise in sea level ✓ • More extreme weather ✓ • Changes in ecosystem ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 2.5.3 Agricultural adaptation measure • Water conservation ✓ • Planting trees ✓ • Changing tillage operations ✓ • Changing planting dates ✓ • Soil conservation ✓ • Portfolio diversification ✓ • Improved breeding programmes ✓ • Sustainable agriculture ✓ (Any 1 x 1) (1) [35] Copyright reserved Please turn over

6 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 (EC/NOVEMBER 2018) QUESTION 3: AGRI-INDUSTRY 3.1 3.1.1 Classification of the foods in diagrams A, B and C • A – staple food ✓ • B – fresh food ✓ • C – processed food ✓ (3) 3.1.2 Three advantaged of the food labelled C • Value adding ✓ • Longer shelf life ✓ • Easy to market ✓ • Easy distribution ✓ • Increases seasonal availability ✓ • Makes the transportation of delicate perishable foods possible ✓ • Reduces the incidence of food-borne diseases ✓ • More convenient than unprocessed food ✓ • Addition of nutrients ✓ (Any 3 x 1) (3) 3.1.3 (a) A✓ (b) C✓ (c) B✓ (d) A✓ (4 x 1) (4) 3.2 3.2.1 THREE different forms in which cancer bush can be used • Tea extract ✓ • Creams ✓ • Pill form ✓ • Powder form ✓ (Any 3 x 1) (3) 3.2.2 Regions where this plant grows naturally • Noma-Karoo ✓ and succulent Karoo ✓ (2) 3.2.3 Common vegetable family • Legumes✓ (1) 3.2.4 Two characteristics of indigenous knowledge • Ecologically sustainable ✓ • Knowledge system of the past ✓ • Learnt by experience ✓ • Stored orally and in cultural practices ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 3.2.5 • Yes ✓ – With acceptable reason such as: Has great medicinal value (✓) • No ✓ – With acceptable reason such as: Proof that it really has medicinal value must still be researched ✓ (2) 3.3 3.3.1 Name of the underlined abbreviation • Council for Scientific and Industrial Research✓ (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/NOVEMBER 2018) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 7 3.3.2 Aims of the CSIR from the scenario • Provides science based solutions to the challenging environmental and natural resource issues ✓ • Improves competition in the global market ✓ (2) 3.3.3 Benefits of nationally recognised agricultural organisations • Provides rural and farm protection plan ✓ • Negotiate prices of products and services ✓ • Acts as mouth piece of farmers both on national and international level ✓ • Give feedback to farmers on national agricultural aspects ✓ • Keeps farmers informed about policy, legislation and agricultural programmes that are of interest to them ✓ • Supply market information in our country as well as on export opportunities ✓ • Assist with court cases affecting farmers ✓ (Any 3 x 1) (3) 3.4 3.4.1 Two uses of communal land • Crop production✓ • Grazing ✓ • Gathering of fire wood✓ • Gathering of medicinal plants ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 3.4.2 THREE problems associated with communal land • Land degradation ✓ • Deforestation ✓ • Over-exploitation ✓ • Overgrazing ✓ (Any 3 x 1) (3) 3.4.3 Differences between state land and private land State land Private land Is the land that is owned by the A person or a business owns the government ✓and is used for property ✓ and that person or national parks, state run irrigation business registers title deed. ✓ schemes and forestry. ✓ (4 x 1) (4) [35] Copyright reserved Please turn over

8 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 (EC/NOVEMBER 2018) QUESTION 4: ANIMAL STUDIES 4.1 4.1.1 Economic importance of animals • For income ✓ • For raw materials like hides and skins ✓ • For clothing ✓ • For export/foreign exchange ✓ • Symbol of wealth ✓ (Any 3 x 1) (3) 4.1.2 TWO examples of the traditional importance of cattle not in the diagram above • Lobola ✓ • Traditional ceremonies ✓ • Draught ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 4.2 4.2.1 Classification of different sheep breeds Meat breed Pelt breed Wool breed Dorper ✓ Karakul ✓ Merino ✓ (3) 4.2.2 Differences between mohair and wool fibres Mohair fibres Wool fibres • Smooth and glossy ✓ • Soft and whitish in colour ✓ • Elastic fibre ✓ • Crinkles more easily ✓ • Does not crinkle ✓ • Fibres are wavy ✓ • Fibres are curly ✓ • Fibres are more solid in the • Hollow centre fibres ✓ centre ✓ • Difficult to spin ✓ • Easy to spin ✓ (6) 4.3 Correct terminology of the animal species 4.3.1 Ox ✓ 4.3.2 Heifer ✓ 4.3.3 Ewe ✓ 4.3.4 Capon ✓ 4.3.5 Piglet ✓ 4.3.6 Ram/buck ✓ (6) 4.4 4.4.1 TWO parents of a mule • Donkey✓ • Horse ✓ (2) 4.4.2 Characteristics of mules • Higher and better adaptability than horses✓ • They are bigger and stronger than donkeys ✓ • Can survive harsh environments ✓ • Perform better under difficult conditions ✓ • Higher disease resistances ✓ • Sterile ✓ (Any 3 x 1) (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/NOVEMBER 2018) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 9 4.5 4.5.1 Bar graph Bar graph showing the average milk prodution of dairy breeds in 2008 14000 Average milk peoduction (L) 12000 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 Friesland Jersey Brown Swis Simmentaler Dairy breeds Marking graph with the following checklist Criteria Yes: 1 mark No: 0 mark 1 Bar graph 1 0 2 𝑦-axis labelled (average milk production) 1 0 3 𝑥-axis labelled (dairy breeds) 1 0 4 Points correctly plotted 1 0 5 Correct heading 1 0 6 Units 1 0 (6) 4.5.2 The breed that produced the second highest volume of milk • Brown Swiss ✓ (1) 4.5.3 The breed with the highest production of milk but the lowest percentage of butter fat • Friesland✓ (1) 4.5.4 Recommended breed to produce cream for a butter factory • Jersey. ✓ it has the highest percentage of butter fat ✓ (2) [35] TOTAL SECTION B: 105 GRAND TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved Please turn over