AGRIC SCIENCES P1 GR10 MEMO English

NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 10 NOVEMBER 2017 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 MARKING GUIDELINE MARKS: 150 This marking guideline consists of 10 pages.

2 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 (EC/NOVEMBER 2017) SECTION A QUESTION 1 1.1 1.1.1 B  1.1.2 B  1.1.3 D  1.1.4 C  1.1.5 D  1.1.6 C  1.1.7 D  1.1.8 B  1.1.9 C  1.1.10 B  (10 x 2) (20) 1.2 1.2.1 B only  1.2.2 None  1.2.3 Both A and B  1.2.4 A only  1.2.5 B only  (5 x 2) (10) 1.3 1.3.1 Palatable  1.3.2 Competition  1.3.3 Industrialisation  1.3.4 Layers  1.3.5 Poaching  (5 x 2) (10) Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/NOVEMBER 2017) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 3 1.4 1.4.1 Primary agriculture  1.4.2 Arid/dry/unfavourable  1.4.3 Capital  1.4.4 Evaporation  1.4.5 Foreign currency/foreign income  (5 x 1) (5) TOTAL SECTION A: 45 Copyright reserved Please turn over

4 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 (EC/NOVEMBER 2017) SECTION B QUESTION 2: AGRO-ECOLOGY 2.1 Identification of the bacteria: 2.1.1 (a) Denitrifying bacteria  (1) (b) Nitrifying bacteria  (1) (c) Nitrogen-fixing bacteria  (1) 2.1.2 Ways that a farmer can increase the nitrogen levels in the soil:  Adding nitrogen fertilisers to the soil   Adding organic matter such as compost or manure to the soil   Planting legumes that have nitrogen-fixing bacteria in their roots  (Any 2 x 1) (2) 2.1.3 Plants that have nodules in their roots:  Legumes  (2) 2.2 Organic farming 2.2.1 Crops produced by organic farmers from the scenario  Cereals   Vegetables   Roots and tubers   Herbs and spices   Fruits   Nuts   Rooibos tea  (Any 2 x 1) (2) 2.2.2 Farming methods that organic farmers use  Crop rotation   Green manure   Compost   Biological pest control   Mechanical weed control  (Any 3 x 1) (3) 2.2.3 Reasons why organic farming has become so popular the past couple of decades  Farming practices that do not disturb the environment   Less of a negative effect on biodiversity   Less pollution in soil and water   Reduce pesticides, growth hormones, antibiotics and preservatives   Healthier food produced that lessens risk of diseases   Fresh food with higher nutrient value and is tastier  (Any 2 x 1) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/NOVEMBER 2017) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 5 2.3 Symbiotic relationships found in ecosystems 2.3.1 Symbiotic relationships illustrated in diagrams A–C A – Competition  B – Commensalism  C – Mutualism  (3) 2.3.2 Other symbiotic relationships that are not illustrated in the diagram in QUESTION 2.3  Parasitism   Predator and prey  (2) 2.4 Examples of edaphic factors  Soil texture   Soil depth   Soil type   Soil water   Soil fertility  (Any 3 x 1) (3) 2.5 Table showing biomes 2.5.1 Correct answers for letter (A–F) A – Forest  B – Large trees  C – Sheep, cattle, goats  D – Central plateau of South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal, Eastern Cape  E – Savanna  F – Low trees and grass  (6) 2.5.2 Fynbos  (1) 2.6 Climate change 2.6.1 Four main greenhouse gases:  Water vapour   Carbon dioxide   Methane   Nitrous oxide  (4) 2.6.2 Human activities that cause an increase in greenhouse gases:  Industrial revolution   Green revolution  (2) [35] Copyright reserved Please turn over

6 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 (EC/NOVEMBER 2017) QUESTION 3: AGRI-INDUSTRY 3.1 Rounded-off figures of the population of South Africa from 2006–2016 3.1.1 Bar graph showing population of South Africa from 2006–2016 Population of South Africa from 2006–2016 60 50 Population in millions 40 30 20 10 0 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 Years Criteria/rubric/marking guidelines  Correct heading   Y-axis – correct label (Population in millions)   X-axis – correct label (Years)   Accuracy   Bar graph   Units (millions)  (6) 3.1.2 Impacts of population growth on the agricultural sector  Demand for food increases   Deforestation rates increase as more people need fuel wood   Farms become more mechanised   More people move to urban areas in search of employment opportunities   Use of agricultural land for housing   Agricultural land for food products decreases   Natural resources are degraded and depleted   Grazing land degenerates, which impacts negatively on livestock  (Any 3 x 1) (3) Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/NOVEMBER 2017) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 7 3.2 Land reform 3.2.1 Differences between land redistribution and land restitution Land redistribution  Giving previously disadvantaged people access to land  Land restitution  Returning land  to people who were forcibly removed  (4) 3.2.2 Function of land reform programmes  To restore land rights  (1) 3.2.3 Models of land ownership in South Africa  State/government landownership   Communal landownership   Freehold land/private land ownership  (3) 3.3 Agricultural organisations 3.3.1 Define the underlined concept  Agricultural organisation is an institution  consisting of people who are involved in agriculture  (2) 3.3.2 Functions of the Agricultural Research Council (ARC)  Facilitates enhanced and ensures natural resource conservation   Sustaining a comparative agricultural economy   Provides new economic opportunities   Ensures high-quality and safe food   Contributes to better quality of life   Encourages national growth and development of South Africa  (Any 3 x 1) (3) 3.4 Indigenous plants 3.4.1 Identification of the plants in DIAGRAM A and DIAGRAM B  DIAGRAM A – Aloe   DIAGRAM B – Hoodia gordonia  (2) 3.4.2 Indication of the plants (a) Diagram A plant  (1) (b) Diagram B plant  (1) (c) Diagram A plant  (1) 3.4.3 Advantages of indigenous farming practices  Chemical free   Environmentally friendly   Low cost   Non-intensive   Adaptation to suit local environment  (3) Copyright reserved Please turn over

8 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 (EC/NOVEMBER 2017) 3.5 Laws affecting agriculture 3.5.1 (a) Resource protection laws  (1) (b) Disease and chemical laws  (1) (c) Labour laws  (1) (d) Resource protection laws  (1) (e) Land and land reform laws  (1) [35] Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/NOVEMBER 2017) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 9 QUESTION 4: ANIMAL STUDIES 4.1 Nguni cattle breed 4.1.1 Advantages of the breed’s thick pigmented hide  Ticks cannot attach to hide   Heat tolerant  (2) 4.1.2 Explanation of the term marbling  Meat is streaked with fat  within the lean sections of the meat.  (2) 4.1.3 Importance of the breed in the cultural lives of the African people  Skins have cultural value   Lobola  (2) 4.1.4 Identification of a characteristic that enables the Nguni to forage on steep slopes and in thick bushes  Narrow hooves  (1) 4.2 Intensive farming with broiler chickens 4.2.1 Breeds that would be ideal for intensive broiler production  Ross   Cobb  (2) 4.2.2 Basic requirements for successful poultry production  Housing   Management   Breeding   Nutrition  (4) 4.3 Goat animals 4.3.1 Differences between grazers and browsers Grazers: Animals that only graze on grass  and other plants close to the ground.  Browsers: Animals that eat plants and shrubs  above ground level  (4) 4.3.2 Goats by-products and their uses  Hides – used for manufacture of leather goods   Hair – used in the textile industry to make cashmere   Horns – used to make spoons   Intestines  – used to make ‘catgut’ which is used as material for internal human surgical sutures and strings for musical instruments   Faeces  – collected for use as an organic fertiliser.  (Any 2 x 2) (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

10 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 (EC/NOVEMBER 2017) 4.3.3 Define the underlined term  Ruminants – animals that have four-part stomach (complex stomach)  that later regurgitate previously swallowed food to chew and swallow again.  (2) 4.4 Game farming 4.4.1 Examples of the big five game animals  Rhino   Lion   Buffalo   Leopard   Elephant  (Any 2 x 1) (2) 4.4.2 Importance of game farming  Contributes to the conservation of biodiversity and wildlife   Creates job opportunities   Helps economic growth   Tourist attraction  (Any 3 x 1) (3) 4.4.3 Uses of game animals  Tourism   Meat   Hides   Trophy hunting  (Any 1 x 1) (1) 4.5 Illustration of THREE animals 4.5.1 Indicate with a suitable reason which of the above animals you would recommend for each of the young farmers mentioned below. . (a) Animal A  – Produces large volumes of milk with low butterfat content  (3) (b) Animal B  – Supplies lactose-free milk  that is ideal for lactose-intolerant people  (3) [35] TOTAL SECTION B: 105 GRAND TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved Please turn over