Agricultural Sciences P2 Grade 10 2017 MEMO Engl

NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 10 NOVEMBER 2017 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 MARKING GUIDELINES MARKS: 150 This marking guideline consists of 8 pages.

2 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2017) SECTION A 1.1 1.1.1 C √√ 1.1.2 A √√ 1.1.3 C √√ 1.1.4 A √√ 1.1.5 A √√ 1.1.6 D √√ 1.1.7 B √√ 1.1.8 D √√ 1.1.9 A √√ 1.1.10 D √√ (20) 1.2 1.2.1 E √√ 1.2.2 G √√ 1.2.3 D √√ 1.2.4 B √√ 1.2.5 F √√ (10) 1.3 1.3.1 Nuclear envelope/nuclear membrane √√ 1.3.2 Mineralisation √√ 1.3.3 Alien / exotic √√ 1.3.4 Pollution √√ 1.3.5 Meso-fauna / Meso-organisms √√ (10) 1.4 1.4.1 Weathering √ 1.4.2 Sex cells / Gametes √ 1.4.3 Aspect / Direction √ 1.4.4 Horticultural √ 1.4.5 Shrubs √ (5) TOTAL SECTION A: 45 Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/NOVEMBER 2017) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 3 SECTION B QUESTION 2: SOIL SCIENCE 2.1 2.1.1 Identification of soil water A. Hygroscopic / Adhesion water √ (1) 2.1.2 Motivation of answer to QUESTION 2.1.1 In an air dry soil sample, only hygroscopic water is present √ and it can only be removed by strong heating √ (2) 2.1.3 Accessibility of water to plants and explanation No √ Because hygroscopic / adhesion water is tightly bound to soil particles √ (2) 2.1.4 Safety precaution taken in the experiment Use of tongs to hold the test tube √ (1) 2.1.5 Types of water not depicted in the diagram  Capillary / cohesion water √  Gravitational / free / percolation water √ (2) 2.2 2.2.1 Characteristics of mineral identification A. Cleavage √ (1) B. Lustre √ (1) C. Purity √ (1) D. Tenacity √ (1) E. Density √ (1) 2.2.2 THREE characteristics of primary minerals  Primary minerals are still in their original form / have not changed chemically √  Crystallise from cooling magma √  Are coarse and hard √ (3) 2.3 2.3.1 Soil forming factor mentioned in the passage Bedrock / parent rock √ (1) 2.3.2 Classification of rocks A. Sedimentary rocks√ (1) B. Metamorphic rocks√ (1) C. Igneous rocks√ (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

4 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2017) 2.3.3 THREE cultivation properties of soils formed from sedimentary rocks  Leaching is high / nutrients are washed away √  Low in fertility √  Easy to till / cultivate √  Well drained and well aerated √  Often acidic as a result of leaching √  Suitable for growing underground / root crops √  High salt concentration / brackish √ (Any 3) (3) 2.4 2.4.1 Comparison of extrusive and intrusive rocks Intrusive rocks Extrusive rocks Magma cools underneath the Magma cools on the earth’s soil surface√ surface√ Have crystal grains that are Have crystal grains that are fine coarse textured textured (Any 2) (2) 2.5 2.5.1 Identification of soil forming factor Topography / Geography √ (1) 2.5.2 Point where soil is deeper D√ (1) 2.5.3 Reasons for different soil depths At point C water runs down very quickly and erodes the available soil √ which is deposited at point D √ (2) 2.5.4 Features of topography A. Altitude √ (1) B. Aspect √ (1) C. Slope √ (1) 2.5.5 Human activities that have a direct impact on soil formation  Removing vegetation cover  Overgrazing  Veld burning  Tillage / ploughing  Use of heavy machinery (Any 3) (3) [35] Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/NOVEMBER 2017) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 5 QUESTION 3: PLANT SCIENCE 3.1 3.1.1 Matching crop classes A. Industrial crops √ (1) B. Fodder crops √ (1) C. Oil seed crops √ (1) D. Forest crops √ (1) 3.1.2 Economic importance of crops in South Africa  Generate foreign exchange √  Create employment √  Contribute to the country’s Gross Domestic Product √  Support the financial sector √ (Any 3) (3) 3.2 3.2.1 A bar graph showing the volumes of wheat production from 2005 to 2010 4000 3500 3000 Volume produced (t) 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 2005/6 2006/7 2007/8 2008/9 2009/10 Season Marking guideline for the graph  Correct heading √  Y-axis correctly labelled (Volume produced) √  X-axis correctly labelled (Season) √  Correct type of graph (line graph) √  Units indicated (t) √  Correct scale √ (6) 3.2.2 Trend of wheat production from 2005 to 2010  Wheat production increased√ with time √ (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

6 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2017) 3.2.3 The volumes of all grains produced in 2005 Maize + wheat + sorghum = total grain crop production √ 6000 t + 500 t + 900 t = 7400 t √ (2) 3.2.4 Protein rich fodder crop Lucerne √ (1) 3.2.5 Why legumes are rich in proteins They form a symbiotic relationship with nitrogen fixing bacteria √ which provide the plant with nitrogen that is used to make proteins √ (2) 3.3 3.3.1 The vitamin oranges contain Vitamin C √ (1) 3.3.2 Medicinal uses of oranges  Fight flu infections √ (1)  Treat nausea √ (1) 3.3.3 THREE benefits of processing oranges to fruit juice  Value addition / Increase profit √  Increase shelf life/ Prevents rotting √ .  Maintain constant supply throughout the year √  Creates job opportunities √ (Any 3 x 1) (3) 3.4 3.4.1 Identification of invader plant species A. Category 3 √ (1) B. Category 2 √ (1) C. Category 1 √ (1) 3.4.2 Reasons for eradicating invader plant species  Cause loss of indigenous plants √  Some species are poisonous to livestock and humans √  Cause water shortages √ (Any 2) (2) 3.4.3 Difference between softwood and hardwood trees  Softwood plantations: consist of trees that produce light, soft wood with a coarse grain. √ (1) Example: pine trees √ (1)  Hardwood plantations: consist of trees that produce heavy hardwood with a fine grain. √ (1)  Example: eucalyptus / gum trees / wattle trees (Any 1) (1) [35] Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/NOVEMBER 2017) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 7 QUESTION 4: SUSTAINABLE USE OF RESOURCES AND BIOLOGICAL CONCEPTS 4.1 4.1.1 Example of a non-renewable resource Land / Soil √ (1) 4.1.2 Reason Soil cannot be replaced √ within a short period of time √ (2) 4.1.3 Environmentally sustainable method A√ (1) 4.1.4 Justification of 4.1.3  Use of animal drawn plough does not compact the soil √  There is minimal air pollution √  Manure from the cattle adds organic matter to the soil √ (3) 4.2 4.2.1 Physical property of water Turbidity √ (1) 4.2.2 Definition of turbidity Refers to the cloudiness of water that is caused by suspended solid particles √ (1) 4.2.3 THREE issues affecting supply and quality of water in South Africa  Increasing demand / population growth √  Invasive alien plants √  Pollution √  Urbanisation √  Drought / Climate change / global warming √  Exploitation of ground water √  Afforestation √ (Any 3) (3) 4.2.4 Act that regulates water National Water Act of 1998 √ (1) 4.2.5 THREE effects of soil pollution on natural resources  Balance of flora and fauna is disturbed √  Soil salinity increases √  Soil organisms are killed by soil pollutants √  Plants growing on polluted soil may contain poisonous chemicals √ (Any 3) (3) Copyright reserved Please turn over

8 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2017) 4.2.6 TWO methods to dispose of non-biodegradable waste  Reusing material on the farm √  Returning containers to suppliers √  Collection of waste for recycling √ (Any 2) (2) 4.3 4.3.1 Parts of a plant cell A. Cell membrane √ B. Cell wall √ D. Vacuole √ E. Nucleus √ (4) 4.3.2 TWO functions of part E  Controls cell activities / Determines the way a cell looks and functions √  Plays an essential role in cell division √ (2) 4.4 Differences between plant and animal cells Plant cell Animal cell 4.4.1 Outer protective layer Cell wall present √ Has a cell (2) membrane √ 4.4.2 Vacuole One large vacuole √ Many small vacuoles √ (2) 4.5 4.5.1 Phases of mitosis A. Prophase √ (1) B. Interphase √ (1) C. Anaphase √ (1) D. Metaphase √ (1) 4.5.2 THREE roles of mitosis  For growth √  For the repair of damaged tissues √  For asexual reproduction √ (3 x 1) (3) [35] TOTAL SECTION B: 105 GRAND TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved Please turn over