AGRSC P2 GR10 MEMO NOV2020_English_hlayiso.com_.pdf

NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 10 NOVEMBER 2020 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 MARKING GUIDELINE (EXEMPLAR) MARKS: 150 This marking guideline consists of 8 pages.

2 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2020) SECTION A 1.1 1.1.1 C √√ 1.1.2 C √√ 1.1.3 C √√ 1.1.4 A √√ 1.1.5 C √√ 1.1.6 A √√ 1.1.7 C √√ 1.1.8 A √√ 1.1.9 D √√ 1.1.10 B √√ (10 x 2) (20) 1.2 1.2.1 H √√ 1.2.2 D √√ 1.2.3 A √√ 1.2.4 H √√ 1.2.5 G √√ (5 x 2) (10) 1.3 1.3.1 Illuviation √√ 1.3.2 Invasive √√ 1.3.3 Eutrophication √√ 1.3.4 Nucleus √√ 1.3.5 Meiosis √√ (5 x 2) (10) 1.4 1.4.1 Bioturbation √ 1.4.2 Grapes √ 1.4.3 Physical √ 1.4.4 Cytokinesis √ 1.4.5 Gene √ (5 x 1) (5) TOTAL SECTION A: 45 Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/NOVEMBER 2020) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 3 SECTION B QUESTION 2: SOIL SCIENCE 2.1 2.1.1 Description of how soil benefit from plants • Plant roots hold soil together and prevent soil erosion √ • Plants add nutrients to the soil when it decomposes √ • Plants reduce water loss through providing shade and cover (Any 2 x 1) (2) 2.1.2 Functions of soil to plants • Medium of space in which plants grow √ • Soil anchors and provide support for plants √ • Supply plants with nutrients and water √ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 2.1.3 Ways in which animals benefit from soil • Animals eat plants that grows in soil √ • Soil provides a home/ habitat for small living organisms √ (2) 2.1.4 Organic matter √ 5% √ (2) 2.2 2.2.1 Class of minerals • Group A – Primary Mineral √ (1) • Group B – Secondary Mineral √ (1) 2.2.2 Formation of secondary minerals • Secondary minerals are formed when primary minerals undergo chemical change √ like oxidation and temperature variations they lose some of their original properties. (1) 2.2.3 Characteristics of soil caused by minerals • Colour √ • pH √ • Fertility √ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 2.2.4 Examples of the following minerals (a) Precious stones – Diamond/Silver/Gold/Platinum √ (1) (b) Mineral Ores – Iron ores/Copper ores √ (1) 2.2.5 Characteristics used by geologists in identifying minerals • Colour √ • Lustre √ • Specific gravity √ • Crystal form √ • Cleavage √ • Fracture √ • Tenacity √ • Hardness √ • Transparent √ (Any 2 x 1) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

4 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2020) 2.3 2.3.1 Types of rocks (a) Sedimentary rock √ (1) (b) Igneous rock √ (1) (c) Igneous rock √ (1) (d) Metamorphic rock √ (1) 2.4 2.4.1 Importance of weathering of rocks • Formation of soil √ • Release of plant nutrients √ • Replacement of lost soil √ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 2.4.2 • Hydrolysis – Less soluble minerals react with water to form a new mineral that is softer and easier to weather √ (1) • Carbonation – water react with carbon dioxide and form carbonic acid that weakens rock minerals √ (1) 2.5 2.5.1 North-facing slope √ (1) 2.5.2 It receives direct sun rays √ (1) 2.5.3 Aspect / Orientation √ (1) 2.5.4 The North-facing slope receives more sun rays and raises temperature √ which facilitates break down of rock. √ (2) 2.5.5 Climatic factors • Rainfall √ • Temperature √ • Sunlight √ • Wind √ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 2.6 2.6.1 (a) Horizon A √ (b) Horizon B √ (2) 2.6.2 Effects of leaching on agricultural production • Leaching washes away plant nutrients causing poor crop production √ (1) [35] Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/NOVEMBER 2020) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 5 QUESTION 3: PLANT STUDIES 3.1 3.1.1 Identification of the following Field crops (a) Wheat √ (b) Maize √ (2) 3.1.2 Total production for all horticultural crops in the graph • 7 300 + 6 200 + 3 600 = 17 100 x 1 000 tons √ = 17 100 000 tons √ (2) 3.1.3 Soil Requirements for growing potatoes • Grow best in light, loose soils • Well-drained loam soils • Slightly acidic soils (Any 2 x 1) (2) 3.1.4 The table showing the production volumes of field crops produced in 2008. FIELD CROPS PRODUCTION (1 000 TONS) Maize 21 000 Wheat 7 300 Sunflower 3800 Marking guideline for the table • Correct caption √ • Values for -axis correctly labelled and unites indicated (Production in 1 000 t) √ • Values for -axis correctly labelled (Field crops) √ • All field crops and their values indicated in the table √ Table drawn √ (5) 3.1.5 Ways in which crops contribute to the economy • The sale of crops create income for farmers √ • Exportation of crops brings in foreign currency √ • Creates employment opportunities √ • Allows input industries and processing industries to develop √ (Any 3 x 1) (3) 3.2 3.2.1 Examples of industrial crops • Sugar cane √ • Cotton √ (2) 3.2.2 End products of industrial crops • Sugar cane – refined sugar, syrups √ • Cotton – textiles/clothes √ (2) 3.2.3 Use of fodder crop • Feed for livestock √ • Bio fuel √ • Example – Lucerne and red clover √ (Any 2 x 1) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

6 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2020) 3.2.4 Reasons for promoting the growing of protected trees • Trees are rare or threatened due to heavy use √ • Play a role in the functioning of the environment √ • Trees are of cultural or spiritual importance √ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 3.3 3.3.1 Classification of vegetables A – Stem √ B – Leaf √ C – Fruit √ D – Root √ (4) 3.3.2 Soil Requirement for root crop • Deep and well-drained, loose, loamy to sandy soil √ (1) 3.3.3 Classification of apples and bananas • Apples – Deciduous fruit crops √ • Bananas – Tropical √ (2) 3.3.4 Apples are grown in Western Cape and Langkloof Valley in the Eastern Cape √ (1) 3.3.5 Uses of grapes • Grape juice √ • Jam √ • Raisins √ • Wine √ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 3.3.6 Climatic conditions for production of grapes • Warm dry summers to ripens the grapes √ • Wet and cool winters √ (Any 1 x 1) (1) 3.3.7 Importance of protea flowers • Exportation √ • Decorations and gifts for special occasions √ (2) [35] Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/NOVEMBER 2020) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 7 QUESTION 4: SUSTAINABLE NATURAL RESOURCE UTILISATION AND BIOLOGICAL CONCEPTS 4.1 4.1.1 Difference between primary and secondary resources • Primary resources are natural resources √ • Include things such as land, soil and water √ • Secondary resources are made by people from primary resources √ • Example all inputs, machinery, electricity, breeding stock √ (4) 4.1.2 Soil is classified as non-renewable resource because • It takes a long time to develop √ (1) 4.1.3 Ways of utilising water sustainably • Using water without wasting it / using conservative irrigation system √ • Mulching or using cover crops to reduce evaporation √ • Reduce the application of chemicals that pollute water √ (3) 4.2 4.2.1 Examples of soil degradation A – Soil erosion / Soil crusting / Soil compaction √ B – Acidification / Nutrient imbalance / loss √ C – reduce micro-organisms √ (3) 4.2.2 Agricultural practices that causes soil degradation • Use of machinery √ • Use of fertiliser, pesticides and fumigation reduces soil organisms √ • Overgrazing √ • Monoculture √ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 4.2.3 Measures to reduce surface run off in arable lands • Mulching √ • Cover crops √ • Contour ploughing √ • Terracing √ • Planting of trees √ • Zero cultivation √ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 4.2.4 National Water Act • Efficiency – Farmers should use water without wasting it √ • Equity – Farmers should fairly share water resource √ • Sustainability – Farmers should use water in a sustainable manner √ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 4.3 4.3.1 Animal Cell organelles • A – Cytoplasm √ • B – Cell membrane √ • C – Nucleus √ (3) Copyright reserved Please turn over

8 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2020) 4.3.2 • Mitochondria √ • Cell Membrane √ (2) 4.3 4.3.3 Tabulate the differences Animal cell Plant cell Enclosed by cell membrane √ Enclosed by cell wall √ Have small Vacuole √ Have a permanent vacuole √ Have no plastids √ Have plastids √ (Any 2 x 2) (4) 4.3.4 Specialised animal cells • These cells have a structure that allows them to perform a particular function √ e.g Nerve cell, Muscle cells, Skin cells √ (2) 4.4 4.4.1 Cell division • Meiosis √ • Mitosis √ (2) 4.4.2 Importance of mitosis • Facilitates growth • Replaces worn out cells or tissues √ • Forms the basis of asexual reproduction in plants √ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 4.4.3 Metaphase I • Chromosomes lined up at the equator √ • Attach at the centromere by spindle fibre √ (2) 4.4.4 • Genes √ (1) [35] TOTAL SECTION B: 105 GRAND TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved Please turn over