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National Curriculum Statement (NCS) ISINDEBELE MATHEMATICS Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement Foundation Phase Grade 1-3    
ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA AMAGREYIDI 1-3 IIMBALO CAPS
ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 DISCLAIMER In view of the stringent time requirements encountered by the Department of Basic Education to effect the necessary editorial changes and layout to the Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statements and the supplementary policy documents, possible errors may occur in the said documents placed on the official departmental websites. There may also be vernacular inconsistencies in the language documents at Home-, First and Second Additional Language levels which have been translated in the various African Languages. Please note that the content of the documents translated and versioned in the African Lan- guages are correct as they are based on the English generic language documents at all three language levels to be implemented in all four school phases. If any editorial, layout or vernacular inconsistencies are detected, the user is kindly requested to bring this to the attention of the Department of Basic Education. E-mail: capslangcomments@dbe.gov.za or fax (012) 328 9828 Department of Basic Education 222 Struben Street Private Bag X895 Pretoria 0001 South Africa Tel: +27 12 357 3000 Fax: +27 12 323 0601 120 Plein Street Private Bag X9023 Cape Town 8000 South Africa Tel: +27 21 465 1701 Fax: +27 21 461 8110 Website: http://www.education.gov.za © 2011 Department of Basic Education Isbn: 978-1-4315-0451-0 Design and Layout by: Ndabase Printing Solution Printed by: Government Printing Works ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 FOREWORD by the minister Our national curriculum is the culmination of our efforts over a period of seventeen years to transform the curriculum bequeathed to us by apartheid. From the start of democracy we have built our curriculum on the values that inspired our Constitution (Act 108 of 1996). The Preamble to the Constitution states that the aims of the Constitution are to: • heal the divisions of the past and establish a society based on democratic values, social justice and fundamental human rights; • improve the quality of life of all citizens and free the potential of each person; • lay the foundations for a democratic and open society in which government is based on the will of the people and every citizen is equally protected by law; and • build a united and democratic South Africa able to take its rightful place as a sovereign state in the family of nations. Education and the curriculum have an important role to play in realising these aims. In 1997 we introduced outcomes-based education to overcome the curricular divisions of the past, but the experience of implementation prompted a review in 2000. This led to the first curriculum revision: the Revised National Curriculum Statement Grades R-9 and the National Curriculum Statement Grades 10-12 (2002). Ongoing implementation challenges resulted in another review in 2009 and we revised the Revised National Curriculum Statement (2002) and the National Curriculum Statement Grades 10-12 to produce this document. From 2012 the two National Curriculum Statements, for Grades R-9 and Grades 10-12 respectively, are combined in a single document and will simply be known as the National Curriculum Statement Grades R-12. The National Curriculum Statement for Grades R-12 builds on the previous curriculum but also updates it and aims to provide clearer specification of what is to be taught and learnt on a term-by-term basis. The National Curriculum Statement Grades R-12 represents a policy statement for learning and teaching in South African schools and comprises of the following: (a) Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statements (CAPS) for all approved subjects listed in this document; (b) National policy pertaining to the programme and promotion requirements of the National Curriculum Statement Grades R-12; and (c) National Protocol for Assessment Grades R-12. MRS ANGIE MOTSHEKGA, MP MINISTER OF BASIC EDUCATION CAPS
ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 OKUMUMETHWEKO ISIGABA 1: ISINGENISO BEGODU NESENDLALELO............................................................................................. 3 1.1 Isendlalelo. ....................................................................................................................................................... 3 1.2 Umbono-mazombe........................................................................................................................................... 3 1.3 Iminqopho evamileko yekharikhyulamu yeSewula Afrika . ....................................................................... 4 1.4 Ukwabiwa kwesikhathi.................................................................................................................................... 6 1.4.1 IsiGaba esisiSekelo................................................................................................................................. 6 1.4.2 IsiGaba esiPhakathi................................................................................................................................. 6 1.4.3 IsiGaba esiPhakamileko.......................................................................................................................... 7 1.4.4 AmaGreyidi 10-12.................................................................................................................................... 7 ISIGABA 2: IHLATHULULO, IMINQOPHO, AMAKGHONO NOKUMUMETHWEKO................................................ 8 2.1 Isingeniso......................................................................................................................................................... 8 2.2 Ziyini iimbalo?.................................................................................................................................................. 8 2.3 Iinhloso Ezinqophileko ................................................................................................................................... 8 2.4 Amakghono Anqophileko. .............................................................................................................................. 8 2.5 Iminqopho yeengaba zokumumethweko....................................................................................................... 9 2.6 Ukwabiwa kwesikhathi sokumumethweko ngokweengaba....................................................................... 10 2.7 Iimbalo esiGabeni esisiSekelo:. ................................................................................................................... 11 2.7.1 Imihlahlandlela etjhukunyeziweko yokuphatha ikumba yokufundela..................................................... 11 2.7.2 Abafundi abaneenqabo ekufundeni iimbalo . ........................................................................................ 13 2.7.3 Iimbalo zehloko...................................................................................................................................... 13 2.8 IGreyidi R........................................................................................................................................................ 13 2.9 Iinsetjenziswa Eziphakanyisiweko: Itlasi leeMbalo lesiGaba EsisiSekelo............................................... 16 ISIGABA 3: UKUNQOPHISA NOKUHLATHULULA OKUMUMETHWEKO............................................................. 17 3.1 Isingeniso ...................................................................................................................................................... 17 3.2 Isenzo sokunqophisa iragelo phambili kilokho okumumethweko............................................................ 17 1. Iinomboro, ama-opharetjhini nobudlelwano................................................................................................. 18 2. Amaphetheni, amafanktjhini ne-aljibhra....................................................................................................... 24 3. Isikhala nobujamo (ijiyometrhi)..................................................................................................................... 25 4. Ukumeda...................................................................................................................................................... 28 5. Ukuphatha idatha......................................................................................................................................... 34 3.3 Ihlathululo Lokumumethweko . .................................................................................................................... 36 CAPS 1
ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 3.4 Ukulandelanisa nokuhlela okuMumethweko............................................................................................... 36 3.4.1 Umbonomazombe we Greyidi yoku-1ngeThemu.......................................................................................................40 3.4.2 Umbonomazombe weGreyidi yesi-2 ngeThemu..................................................................................... 56 3.4.3 Umbonomazombe we Greyidi yesi- 3 ngeThemu................................................................................... 73 3.5 AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NEMIHLAHLANDLELA YOKUFUNDISA . ............................................ 92 3.5.1 Ihlathululo Yokumumethweko eGreyidini yoku-1. ................................................................................... 93 3.5.2 Ihlathululo Yokumumethweko Egreyidini Yesi-2.................................................................................... 212 3.5.3 Ihlathululo Yokumumethweko eGreyidini yesi-3.................................................................................... 342 ISAGABA 4: UKUHLOLA. ...................................................................................................................................... 489 4.1 Isingeniso..................................................................................................................................................... 489 4.2 Ukuhlola okungakahleleki nanyana ukuhlola kwangamalanga ............................................................ 489 4.3 Ukuhlola okuhlelekileko.............................................................................................................................. 489 4.4 Ihlelo lokuhlola okuhlelekileko................................................................................................................... 490 4.5. Ukurekhoda nokubika. ................................................................................................................................ 491 4.6 Ukulinganisa ukuhlola................................................................................................................................. 491 4.7 Okuvamileko................................................................................................................................................. 491 4.8 Iimbonelo zamathaski wokuhlola zamagreyidi woku-1 ukuya ku-3........................................................ 492 2 ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 ISIGABA 1: ISINGENISO BEGODU NESENDLALELO 1.1 Isendlalelo IsiTatimende seKharikhyulamu yeliZweloke amaGreyidi R - 12 (TKZ) sendlala umthetho-kambiso wekharikhyulamu nokuhlola emkhakheni wezefundo. Ukuthuthukisa ukusetjenziswa kwaso, isiTatimende seKharikhyulamu yeliZweloke satjhugululwa, amatjhuguluko la azokuthoma ukusetjenziswa ngenyanga kaTjhirhweni ngomnyaka we-2012. Kwenziwa umtlolo owodwa opheleleko womThetho-kambiso weKharikhyulamu nokuHlola esifundweni ngasinye ukujamiselela iinTatimende zeemFundo, imiHlahlandlela yamaHlelo wokuFunda kanye nemiHlahlandlela yokuHlola iimFundo emaGreyidi R - 12. 1.2 Umbonomazombe (a) IsiTatimende seKharikhyulamu yeliZweloke samaGreyidi R - 12 (sangoTjhirhweni we-2012) sijamele isitatimende somThetho-kambiso sokufunda nokufundisa eenkolweni zeSewula Afrika begodu simumethe okulandelako: (i) IinTatimende zomThetho-kambiso weKharikhyulamu nokuHlola zaleso naleso sifundo sesikolo esiphasisweko (ii) Umtlolo womThetho-kambiso, iNational policy pertaining to the programme and promotion requirements of the National Curriculum Statement Grades R - 12; kanye no (iii) Mtlolo womThetho-kambiso, iNational Protocol for Assessment Grades R - 12 (kaTjhirhweni 2012) (b) IsiTatimende seKharikhyulamu yeliZweloke samaGreyidi R - 12 (sikaTjhirhweni 2011 sijamiselela iintatimende zekharikhyulamu zelizweloke ezimbili zanje, ezibizwa (i) IsiTatimende seKharikhyulamu esiBuyekeziweko amaGreyidi R - 9, Government Gazette No. 23406 yamhlana amalanga ama--31 kuMrhayili 2002, begodu ne- (ii) IsiTatimende seKharikhyulamu seLizwe Loke amaGreyidi 10 - 12 Government Gazettes, No. 25545 yahlana amalanga asi- 6 October 2003 and No. 27594 yamhlana amalanga ali-17 kuMrhayili 2005. (c) Iintatimende zekharikhyulamu yelizweloke eziseengatjaneni (a) no (b) ngehla, zimumethe imitlolo yemithetho- kambiso elandelako esuswe beyajanyiselelwa siTatimende seKharikhyulamu yeliZweloke samaGreyidi 10 - 12 (kuTjhirhweni 2012) ngesikhathi seminyaka we-2012-2014. (i) IinTatimende zeemFundo, imiHlahlandlela yamaHlelo wokuFundo begodu nemihlahlandlela yokuHlola iimFundo emaGreyidi R-9 nemaGreyidi 10-12 ; (ii) Umtlolo womthetho-kambiso, iNational Policy on assessment and qualifications for schools in the General Education and Training Band, egadangiswe kuGovernment Notice No. 124 ku Government Gazette No. 29626 yamhlana amalanga ali- 12 kuMhlolanja 2007; (iii) Umtlolo womthetho-kambiso, iNational Senior Certificate: A qualification at Level 4 on the National Qualifications Framework (NQF), egadangiswe kuGovernment Gazette No.27819 yamhlana amalanga ama- 20 kuVelabahlinze 2005; CAPS 3
ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 (iv) Umtlolo womthetho-kambiso, i-addendum to the policy document, the National Senior Certificate: A qualification at Level 4 on the National Qualifications Framework (NQF), regarding learners with special needs, owagadangiswa kuGovernment Gazette, No.29466 yamhlana amalanga ali-11 kuNobayeni 2006, ungeniswe emtlolweni womthetho-kambiso, iNational policy pertaining to the programme and promotion requirements of the National Curriculum Statement emaGreyidini R - 12; begodu (v) Umtlolo womthetho-kambiso, i-addendum to the policy document, the National Senior Certificate: A qualification at Level 4 on the National Qualifications Framework (NQF), regarding the National Protocol for Assessment (emaGreyidini R - 12), ogadangiswe kuGovernment Notice No.1267 kuGovernment Gazette No. 29467 ymhlana amalanga ali-11 kuNobayeni 2006. (d) Umtlolo womthetho-kambiso, iNational policy pertaining to the programme and promotion requirements of the National Curriculum Statement Grades R - 12, begodu neengaba zesiTatimende somThetho-kambiso weKharikhyulamu nokuHlola njengombana zifakwe ezahlukweni 2, 3 begodu 4 zomtlolo lo eziphathelene nemigomo namazinga wesiTatimende seKharikhyulamu seLizwe Loke emaGreyidini R - 12. Ngakhoke, ngokuya ngokwesection 6A ye South African Schools Act, 1996 (Act No. 84 of 1996,) yakha isendlalelo sokobana uNgqongqotjhe weFundo esiSekelo abonelele isilinganiso samazinga nemiphumela kanye nekambiso yokuhlola umsebenzi womntwana bona ibe khona eenkolweni zomphakathi nalezo ezizijameleko. 1.3 Iminqopho evamileko yekharikhyulamu yeSewula Afrika (a) IsiTatimende seKharikhyulamu yeliZweloke samaGreyidi R - 12 sethula lokho okungathathwa njengelwazi, amakghono namagugu okumele kufundwe eenkolweni zeSewula Afrika. Ikharikhyulamu le inqophe ukuqinisekisa bonyana abantwana bazuza bebasebenzise ilwazi namakghono ngeendlela ezizwisekako emaphilweni wabo. Ngalokho, ikharikhyulamu ithuthukisa umqondo wokubuthelela ilwazi ebujameni obujayelekileko, ngesikhathi atjheja eembophweni zephasi. (b) IsiTatimende seKharikhyulamu yeliZweloke amaGreyidi R - 12 sifeza iminqopho yoku: • hlomisa abafundi, ngaphandle kokutjheja ibhoduluko lezokuhlalisana-nezomnotho, ubulili, ikghono lezomzimba nofana lezengqondo, amakghono namagugu adingekako ukuzanelisa, begodu nokuzibandakanya okuzwisisekako emphakathini njengabahlali benarha etjhaphulukileko; • enza ifundo yamazinga aphezulu ifinyeleleke; • enza kube lula bonyana abafundi basuke emazikweni wezefundo baye emisebenzini; begodu • nikela abaqatjhi ngephrofayili eyaneleko yamakghono womfundi. (c) IsiTatimende seKharikhyulamu yeliZweloke amaGreyidi R - 12 sisekelwe eenkambisweni ezilandelako: • Ukutjhuguluka kwezokuhlalisana: ukuqinisekisa bonyana ukungalingani kwezefundo kwesikhathi esidlulileko kwalungiswa nokuthi amathuba alinganako wezefundo anikelwe zoke iingaba zesintu. • Ukufunda ngomdlandla nangelihlo elihlabako: ukukhuthaza indlela yokufunda ngelihlo elihlabako nelinomdlandla, kunokobana kubanjwe izinto ngehloko ngaphandle kokuzizwisisa. • Ilwazi namakghono asezingeni eliphakamileko: iimfuneko ezimbalwa zelwazi namakghono okufanele zifunyanwe kileyo naleyogreyidi zibekiwe begodu zibekwe emazingeni aphakamileko, afunyanekako kizo zoke iimfundo 4 ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 • Ukuragela phambili: okumumethweko nobujamo baleyo naleyo greyidi kutjengisa ukuragela phambili ukusukela kokulula ukuya kokubudisi. • Amalungelo wobuntu, ukufaka koke, ubulungiswa bezebhoduluko nokuhlalisana: ukufaka imigomo yobulungiswa kezokuhlalisana, kezebhoduluko begodu namalungelo wabantu njengombana kuhlathululiwe kumThetho-sisekelo weSewula Afrika. IsiTatimende seKharikhyulamu yeliZweloke amaGreyidi 10 – 12 sitjhetjha khulu izinto ezifana nokutlhaga, ukungafani, ukungalingani, ubuhlanga, ilimi, iminyaka, abaphila nokukhubazeka begodu namanye amatshwayo. • Ukukarekela amahlelo welwazi lendabuko: ukuthabela umlando onothileko wenarha namagugu wenarha le njengezinto eziqakathekileko ukunothisa amagugu amumethwe emThethweni-sisekelo; begodu • Ukuthembeka, ikhwalithi nekghono: ukunikela ifundo emadanisekako ngekhwalithi, ububanzi nangokudepha kwefundo yakezinye iinarha. (d) IsiTatimende seKharikhyulamu yeliZweloke amaGreyidi R–12 sinqophe ukukhiqiza abafundi abakwazi uku: • bona nokurarulula imiraro nokuthatha iinqunto kusetjenziswa ukucabanga ngelihlo elibukhali nelokuzitlamela ; • sebenzisana ngepumelelo ngokuzijamela begodu nabanye njengamalunga wesiqhema ; • hlela nokuziphatha begodu nokuphatha imisebenzi yabo ngokuziphendulela nangepumelelo ; • buthelela, ukutsenga, ukuhlela bese bahlaziya ilwazi ngelihlo lokuhlaba ; • khulumisana ngepumelelo basebenzisa amakghono wokubonwako/ wokubukelwako, wamatshwayo begodu /nanyana welimi ngeendlela ezinengi • sebenzisa isayensi nethekhnoloji ngepumelelo nangokucabangisisa begodu batjengise, ukuziphendulela ebhodulukweni neempilweni zabanye; noku • Tjengisa ukuzwisisa iphasi bonyana linamahlelo anetjhebiswano ngokuyelela bonyana ukurarulula imiraro akwenzeki kukodwa ngeqadi. (e) Ukuhlanganisa imihlobo ehlukahlukeneko yabafundi kufanele kube mgogodlha womkhandlu, wokuhlela begodu nokufundisa kileso naleso sikolo. Lokhu kungenzeka kwaphela lokha abotitjhere boke banokuzwisisa okuhluzekileko bokobana iinqabo zokufunda zingalemukwa bezilungiswe bunjani, begodu ukuhlanganisa kungahlelelwa bunjani Okuqakathekileko ngokuhlanganisa imihlobo ehlukahlukeneko yabafundi kuqinisekisa bonyana iinqabo ziyabonwa bezitjhejwa ngiyo yoke imikhandlu efaneleko ehlangana nomphakathi wesikolo, okufaka hlangana abotitjhere, iinQhema eziSekelako eziNzinze kumaDistrigi, iinQhema eziSekelako eziseZingeni leenHlangano, ababelethi neenKolo eziKhethekileko njengeendawo zemiThombo. Ukulungisa iinqabo ngetlasini, abotitjhere bafanele basebenzise amaqhinga amanengi wekharikhyulamu afana nalawo afakwe ku- Guidelines for Inclusive Teaching and Learning (2010) yoMnyango weFundo Sisekelo CAPS 5
ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 1.4 Ukwabiwa kwesikhathi 1.4.1 IsiGaba esisiSekelo (a) Isikhathi sokufundisa esiGabeni-esisiSekelo sitjengisiwe ngenzasi: IGREYIDI R AMAGREYIDI 1-2 IGREYIDI 3 ISIFUNDO (AMA-IRI) (AMA-IRI) (AMA-IRI) ILimi leKhaya 10 7/8 7/8 ILimi lokuThoma lokwEngeza 2/3 3/4 IimBalo 7 7 7 AmaKghono wePilo 6 6 7 • ILwazi lokuThoma (1) (1) (2) • UbuKghwari bokuTlama (2) (2) (2) • IsiFundo sokuziThabulula (2) (2) (2) • UbuYena neHlalakuhle yomuntu qobo lakhe (1) (1) (1) INANI 23 23 25 (b) Isikhathi sokufundisa samaGreyidi R, 1 no 2 ma-iri ama-23 begodu seGreyidi yesi-3 ma- iri ama-25. (c) Ama-iri alitjhumi abelwe amalimi emaGreyidini R – 2 bese ama-iri ali-11eGreyidini yesi-3. ILimi leKhaya labelwe ubunengi bama-iri abu-8 nobuncani bama-iri ali-7 begodu iLimi lokuThoma lokwEngeza labelwe ubuncani bama-iri ama-2 nobukhulu bama-iri ama-3 emaGreyidini R-2. ILimi leKhaya eGreyidini yesi- 3 labelwe ubunengi bama-iri- abu-8 nobuncani bama-iri ali-7 begodu iLimi lokuThoma lokwEngeza labelwe ubuncani bama-iri ama-3 nobunengi bama-iri ama-4. (d) Kumakghono wePilo iLwazi Lokuthoma labelwe i-iri li-1 emaGreyidini R-2 nama –iri ama-2 njengombana kutjengiswe ngeembayaneni zeGreyidi yesi-3 1.4.2 IsiGaba esiPhakathi (a) Isikhathi sokufundisa esiGabeni-esiPhakathi sitjengisiwe ngenzasi: ISIFUNDO AMA-IRI ILimi leKhaya 6 ILimi lokuThoma lokweNgeza 5 IimBalo 6 ISayensi Yemvelo neTheknoloji 3,5 ISayensi yokuHlalisana 3 AmaKghono wePilo 4 • UbuKghwari bokuTlama (1,5) • IsiFundo sokuziThabulula (1) • UbuYena nokuHlalisana komuntu qobo lakhe (1,5) INANI 27,5 6 ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 1.4.3 IsiGaba esiPhakamileko (a) Isikhathi sokufundisa esiGabeni-esiPhakakamileko sitjengisiwe ngenzasi: ISIFUNDO AMA-IRI ILimi leKhaya 5 ILimi lokuThoma lokwEngeza 4 IimBalo 4,5 ISayensi yeMvelo 3 ISayensi yokuHlalisana 3 ITheknoloji 2 ISayensi yezomNotho nokuPhatha 2 UkuziJayeza zePilo 2 UbuKghwari namaSiko 2 INANI 27,5 1.4.4 AmaGreyidi 10 - 12 (a) Isikhathi sokufundisa emaGreyidini 10-12 sitjengisiwe ngenzasi Isikhathi esabiweko ngeveke ISIFUNDO (ama-iri) I. ILimi leKhaya 4.5 II. ILimi LokuThoma lokweNgeza 4.5 III. IimBalo 4.5 IV. UkuziJayeza zePilo 2 V. Ubuncani bananyana ngiziphi iimfundo ezintathu ezikhethwe 12 (3x4ama-iri) esiQhemeni B i-Anekstjha B, Amathebula B1-B8 yomtlolo womthetho- kambiso, iNational policy pertaining to the programme and promotion requirements of the National Curriculum Statement Grades R – 12, enqotjhiswe esigabeni sama-28 somtlolo womthetho- kambiso onikelweko.. INANI 27,5 Isikhathi esabiweko ngeveke singasetjenziselwa kwaphela ubuncani obufunwa ziimfundo zeenTatimende zeKharikhyulamu yeliZweloke amaGreyidiR-12 (TKZ) njengombana ziveziwe ngehla, begodu angeze zasetjenziselwa nanyana ngiziphi iimfundo zokungezelele ezingezelelwe erhelweni leemfundo. Lokha umfundi nakafuna ukungezelela iimfundo, isikhathi esingezelelweko kufanele sabelwe ukufundisa iimfundo lezo. CAPS 7
ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 ISIGABA 2: IHLATHULULO, IMINQOPHO, AMAKGHONO NOKUMUMETHWEKO 2.1 Isingeniso Esahlukweni sesi 2, esiGabeni esisiSekelo isitatimende somgomo wekharikhyulamu yezweloke yokuhlola iimbalo inikela abotitjhere ihlathululo yeembalo imigomo ethile, amakghono athile, iminqopho yokumumethweko, isisindo sokumumethweko, iinsetjenziswa ezitjhukumeziweko zesifundo seembalo eemfundweni zesiGaba esisiSekelo, imihlahlandlela ezitjhukumeziweko yokusekela abafundi abaneenqabo zokufunda iimbalo, iimbalo zehloko nokuthuthukisa ukufundisa amakghono wolwazi lokubala lwangaphambili ngeGreyidini R. 2.2 Ziyini iimbalo? Iimbalo lilimi elisebenzisa amasimboli/ amatshwayo/amaphawu nenotheyitjhini ukuhlathulula ubudlelwano beenomboro, kweJiyomethri neenjamelo zegrafu. Kumisebenzi womuntu okufaka hlangana ukuqala, ukujamisela nokuphenya amaphetheni nobudlelwana obuqakathekileko ezintweni ezithintekako/ ezibonakala ngamehlo nesenzeko esiphathelene nokuhlalisana naphakathi kwamabumbeko weembalo ngokwazo. Kuyarhelebha ukuthuthukisa ikambiso yokomkhumbulo engezelela ilojikhi nokucabanga ngokuhlaba, ngokunemba nokurarulula imiraro ezakurholela ekuthatheni iinqunto. 2.3 Iinhloso Ezinqophileko Ukufundisa nokufundwa kweembalo kuhlose ukuthuthukisa okulandelako emfundini: • Ilemuko lelihlo lokuhlaba lokuthi ubudlelwano bembalo busetjenziswa njani epilweni ephathelene nezokuhlalisana, ibhoduluko, itjhebiswano lamasiko nokomnotho; • Ukuzithemba nekghono lokuqalana namtjhana ngibuphi ubujamo beembalo ngaphandle kokuliywa kukwesaba iimbalo; • Umoya werhuluphelo nethando leembalo; • Ukuthokozela ubuhle nokukarisa kweembalo; • Ukubona bonyana iimbalo ziyingcenye yemisetjenzana umuntu azitlamela yona; • Umcabango ojulileko wokuzwisisa ukwenza umqondo weembalo ; no • Ukuthola ilwazi elithile namakghono athlogekako woku: -- Ukusebenzisa iimbalo eentweni ezithintekako, zokuhlalisana nemiraro yeembalo; -- Ukufunda okuhlobana nokufundiswako ( isib.ezinye iimfundo) noku; -- Ragela phambili nokufunda iimbalo. 2.4 Amakghono Anqophileko Ukuthuthukisa amakghono weembalo aqakathekileko umfundi kufanele: • athuthukisa ukusebenzisa ilimi lembalo ngefanelo; • athuthukise ilwazi leenomboro, umqondo nomboro, nokubalisisa namakghono wokwenza; • afunde ukulalela, ukukhuluma, ukucabanga, ikghono lokusebenza nokurarulula imiraro ngelojikhi nokusebenzisa ilwazi leembalo alizuzileko; • akufunda ukurhubhulula , ukuhlaziya, ukujamisela nokurhumutjha ilwazi; • akufunda ukuveza nokurarulula imiraro; noku • ukwakha ilemuko lokubaluleka kwendima edlalwa ziimbalo epilweni yamambala, okufaka hlangana ukuthuthuka komfundi ngokwakhe. 8 ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 2.5 Iminqopho yeengaba zokumumethweko Esigabeni Esisisekelo, iimbalo zithatha iingaba ezihlanu zokumumethweko. Esinye nesinye isigaba sifaka isandla ekutholeni amakghono anqophileko. Ithebula elingenzasi litjengisa umnqopho ovamileko walokho okumumethwe esigabeni nomnqopho onqophileko walokho okumumethwe Esigabeni Esisisekelo. Ithebula 2.1 Iminqopho yeengaba zokumumethweko esiGabeni esisiSekelo ILWAZI LOKUMUMETHWEKO LEEMBALO Isigaba Isigaba esivamileko Iminqopho Enqophileko yesigaba Esimumethweko sokumumethweko sokumumethweko Esigabeni Esisisekelo Ukuthuthukisa umqondo Irherho leenomboro ezithuthukiswa ekupheleni kweGreyidi yesi- weenomboro okufaka hlangana: 3 lifaka hlangana iinomboro ezipheleleko okungasenani 1000 nama fraktjhini apheleleko. • Ihlathululo yemihlobo ehlukeneko yeenomboro; Esigabeni lesi, umqondonomboro womfundi uthuthukiswa ngokusebenzisa izinto eziphathekako ngokubala izinto • Ubudlelwana phakathi ezibuthelelweko, ukuhlukanisa nokubuthelela ubungako, kweenomboro ngokubala ngokweqa ngeendlela ezihlukahlukeneko, ukurarulula ezahlukahlukeneko; imiraro yobujamo obuthileko (igama) nokwakha nokwakha • Ukuhlobana ngobukhulu nokuphula iinomboro. kweenomboro • Ukubala kujayeza abafundi ukuthuthukisa umqondo nomboro, ezihlukahlukeneko; iimbalo zehloko, isilinganiso, amakghono wokubala nokubona amaphetheni. • Ukujanyelwa kweenomboro ngeendlela • Ukuthuthukisa komqondonomboro kurhelebha abafundi Iinomboro, ama- ezahlukahlukeneko; noku ukufunda nngemikghwa/ ngemikhuba yeenomboro Opharetjhini nokuthuthukisa iindlela ezingenza ukubala kubelula. nobudlelwano • Umphumela wokusebenza • Ukurarulula imiraro ngobujamo /ngobunjalo kungenza abefundi ngeenomboro. bakghone ukuveza imicabango ekungeyabo ngokukhuluma nangokutlola ngemigwalo namngamatshwayo. • Abefundi bakha ukuzwisisa umgomosiseko wokuhlanganisa, ukukhupha, ukubuyabuyelela nokuhlukanisa. • Abefundi bathuthukisa umqondo wefraktjhini ngokurarulula imiraro efakahlangana ukwabelanakobungako kwezinto eziphathekako ngokusebenzisa imigwalo. Imiraro kufanele ifake hlangana iinsombululo ezineensalelo zeenomboro ezipheleleko nofana amafraktjhini. Ukwabelana akukafaneli kuthole ingcenye yokipheleleko kwaphela, kodwana nokufunyana iingcenye zokubuthelelwa kwezinto. Esigabeni lesi abafundi basengakabi nobukghoni bokufunda nofana ukutlola amatshwayo wamafraktjheni. I-Aljibra lilimi lokurhubhulula Esigabeni lesi, abafundi basebenza ngakho kokubili: nokukhulumisana ngokunengi • Iphetheni yeenomboro (isib. ukubala ngokweqa) na kweembalo begodu • Maphetheni weJiyomethri (isib. iinthombe) kunganabiselwa eenfundweni zemisebenzi nobunye Abefundi kufanele basebenzise izinto eziphathekako, imigwalo ubudlelwana obuphakathi namatshwayo webumbeko ukukopa, ukwandisa, ukuhlathulula kwezinto ezitjhugulukako. nokutlhama amaphetheni. Ingcenye ephakathi yesigaba Ukukopa amaphetheni kusiza abafundi bonyana babone ilojigi sokumumethweko kungobana yokubana iphetheni yenziwe bunjani. umfundi aphumelele amakghono Ukungezelela iphetheni kusiza umfundi ukuhlola bonyana nokweza ngokusebenzisa bayizwisisile ilojijgi yephetheni. AmaPhetheni, i-Aljibra. Begodu kunqophe eku: amaFanktjhini ne- Ukuhlathulula iphetheni kusiza abafundi ukuthuthukisa • Ekuhlathululeni amakghono welimi. Aljibhra amaphetheni nobudlelwana ngokusebenzisa amatshwayo Ukunqophisa ephethinini yelojigi kwendlalela isiwekelo wokuphandhusela, amagrafu sokuthuthukisa amakghono wokucabanga we-Aljibhra. namathebula; noku Amaphetheni wenomboro asekela ukuthuthukisa • Nokubona ukuhlaziya umqondonomboro nemizwa yokusebenza ukwakha iinomboro, kokuvamileko umbalo nobudlelwano. nokutjhugulukako Amaphetheni weJiyomethri ifaka hlangana nokulandelanisa emaphethenini, nobudlelwano imida, amabumbeko nezinto begodu namaphetheni asephasini. ukwenza bonyana umfundi Emaphethenini weJiyomethriki abafundi basebenzisa ilwazi labo enze ibonelophambili lesikhala nebumbeko. nokurarulula imiraro. CAPS 9
ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 ILWAZI LOKUMUMETHWEKO LEEMBALO Isigaba Isigaba esivamileko Iminqopho Enqophileko yesigaba Esimumethweko sokumumethweko sokumumethweko Esigabeni Esisisekelo Isifundo sesikhala Esigabeni lesi abafundi banqophe ezintweni ezinejamo nobujamo kwenzangcono ezibusontathu (3-D), nobujamo obubusobubili (2-D), indawo ukwizisisa nokuthanda/ nelayelo. ukuthokozela kwamaphetheni, • Abafundi bahlola izinto zobujamo ezibusontathu (3-D) ngokunembako, nobujamo obubusobubili (2-D) ngokuhlukanisa, ngemihlobo, ngokuphumelelako nangobuhle ngokuhlukanisa ngeengaba, ukuhlathulula nokuzitjho. bebumbeko ngokwemvelo nangendlela yokuphila/yesiko. • Abafundi bagwala ubujamo/amajamo bebakhe ngezinto. Isikhala nobujamo Inqophe (Jiyomethri) • Abafundi babona bebahlathulule amajamo/ubujamo bezinto • matshwayo (ubunjalo) ezisemphakathini bazifanise nezinto nobujamo beembalo. ubudlelwano • Abafundi bahlathulula ubujamo bezinto, bonangokwabo • ibandulo nelwazi, indawo/ nabanye ngokusebenzisa ilwazimagama elifaneleko. ubujamo noku • Abafundi balandela bebanikele nelayelo. • tjhugulula ubujamo obubusobubili nezinto ezinobujamo ezibobusontathu. Isilinganiso sinqophe • Esigabeni lesi umnqopho wesilinganiso wabafundi ekukhethweni nekusetjenziswa uthuthukiswa ngokusebenza ngokwenza ngezinto kwamayunithi afaneleko, eziphathekako ezihlukeneko namajamo, ukufunda iinlinganisi/iimedo, amafomula ngamatshwayo/ngobunjalo bobude, umthamo, ubudisi, indawo ngokwesinganiso kwezakhi nesikhathi. zezehlakalo, ubujamo, • Abafundi balinganisa amatshwayo wobujamo nezinto izintonebhoduluko. ngokusebenzisa ama unithi angakalungiselelwa lapho Ihlobanisa ngokunqophileko kufaneleko, okufana nezandla, amagadango isimumathi njll. ngokwesayensi Ukumeda nangobuthegnigi, nangomnotho • Abafundi bamadanisa ubungako obuhlukahlukeneko wephasi ukuvumela umfundi: ngokusebenzisa amagama amadanisako afana nokuthi, omude/omfitjhani, ebudisi khulu/elula njll. • Ukwenza isilinganiso esifaneleko; noku • Abafundi baziswa emayunithi avamileko afana namagremu, khilogremu, mililitha, amalitha, amasentimitha, amamitha njll. • Thlogomela ngokuzwakalako kwesilinganiso nemiphumela. Imisebenzi ehlobana nesikhathi kufanele yakhiwe ngelemuko lokobana ukuzwisisa kwabafundi ngokudlula kwesikhathi ku- fanele kuthuthukiswe ngaphambi kokufundiswa kwesikhathi. Ngesifundo sokuphatha Umnqopho wokufundisa nokufunda ngokuphathwa imininingwana, umfundi kwemininingwana efundweni esisekelo esekuhlukanisa uthuthukisa amakghono wo: ngeengaba izinto nemininingwana ngeendlela ezihlukahlukeneko, kususelwa ebujameni obuhlukahlukeneko • Buthelela bezinto nofana imininingwana/idatha. Ukuphatha idatha • Ukugqugquzela/ • Abafundi balindeleke bonyana barhumutjhe bebakhe ukuhlanganisa ngeqhinga isithombemgwalo negrafu yebha ekhambisana • Ukubonisa/ukubukisa noku nokukhambelana ngakhunye ngakunye ngemininingwana enikeliweko. • Ukuhlaziya nokurhumutjha idatha enikelweko. 2.6 Ukwabiwa kwesikhathi sokumumethweko ngokweengaba Ukwabiwa kwesikhathi seembalo sokumumethweko ngokweengaba kusebenzela iinhloso eziqakathekileko ezimbili: Okokuthoma ukwabiwa kwesikhathi kunikela ikhokhelo lobungako besikhathi esithlogekako ukufundisa okumumethweko kileso naleso isigaba sokumumethweko ngokwaneleko; kwesibili isikhathi esabiweko sinikela ikhokhelo lobungako kokumumethweko okusabalaliselwe ekuhlolweni. Ukwabiwa kwesikhathi kweengaba zokumumethweko azifani Efundweni Esisekelo. 10 ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 Ithebula 2.2 Ukwabiwa kwesikhathi kweengaba zokumumethweko esiGabeni esisisSekelo Ukwabiwa kwesikhathi kweengaba zokumumethweko Iingaba zokumumethweko: iGreyidi 1 iGreyidi 2 iGreyidi 3 Iinomboro,ama-Opharetjhini nobudlelwano* 65% 60% 58% AmaPhetheni, amaFanktjhini ne-Aljibhra 10% 10% 10% Isikhala nobujamo (Jiyomethri) 11% 13% 13% Ukumeda 9% 12% 14% Ukuphatha iDatha 5% 5% 5% 100% 100% 100% *EmaGreyidini R – 3, kuqakathekile bona isigaba seenomboro, ama-Opheretjhini nobudlelwano kumnqopho oqakathekileko weeMbalo. Abafundi badinga ukuphuma Efundweni Esisekelo banesiqiniseko seenomboro ngokuzizwa nokusetjenziswa butjhelela. Ihloso kukobana abafundi bakghone bebazethembe ngeenomboro nokubalisisa. Ngalesi isizathu isikhathi senotjhinali esabelwe Iinomboro, ama-Opharetjhini nobudlelwano singezelelwe. Umsebenzi omnengi wephetheni kufanele unqophe kuphetheni yeenomboro, ukuhlanganisa ikghono leenomboro ebafundini ukuya phambili. 2.7 Iimbalo esiGabeni esisiSekelo: Efundweni Esisekelo iimbalo zilingisa ngokwamanga ukuhlobana phakathi kwepilo yangaphambili-kwesikolo nepilo engaphandle kwesikolo ngakesinye isandla, begodu ngakesinye isandla kube ziiMbalo ezisezingeni eliphezulu, emaGreyidini alandelako. EmaGreyidini asesephasi abantwana kufanele kuvezwe epepeneneni ilemuko lakhe leembalo elibanikela amathuba amanengi wokwenza, wokukhuluma newokurekhoda imicabango yeeMbalo okungeyabo. Ubungako besikhathi esiqithwa eembalweni yenza, iinqunto zamandla atjhayisanako ekuthuthukisweni umqondo weeMbalo namaKghono. Imisetjenzana abantwana ababandekanywa kiyo kufanele kungabi ngeyokubalibazisa nje kwaphela kodwana ifanele inqophe eeMbalweni njengombana kwethuliwe kwiKharikhyulamu. 2.7.1 Imihlahlandlela etjhukunyeziweko yokuphatha ikumba yokufundela. Soke isikhathi esabiweko seembalo ngelanga kufanele sithathwe njengehlelo lesikhathi esisodwa. Ngesikhathi seembalo okulandelako kufanele kwenziwe: • Umsebenzi wetlasi loke -- Iimbalo zehloko -- Ukuhlanganisa imiqondo -- Ukuphathwa kwetlasi (ukwabiwa kwemisetjenzana ngokuzijamela njll) • Ukufundisa ngesiqhema esincani -- Ukubala -- Ukuthuthukisa umqondo wenomboro (ngokukhuluma nangemisetjenzana yokwenza) -- Ukusombulula imiraro (ngokukhuluma nangemisetjenzana yokwenza) -- Ukurhekhoda okutloliweko -- Ukuthuthukisa iindlela zokubalisisa (ngokukhuluma nangemisetjenzana yokwenza) -- Amaphetheni -- Isikhala nobujamo -- Ukumeda -- Ukuphatha idatha CAPS 11
ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 • Umsebenzi wokuzijamela Abafundi bayazilungiselela bebahlanganise ukuthuthukisa imiqondo emfumndweni zetlasi loke nekufundisweni ngesiqhema esincani. Imisetjenzana yetlasi loke: Umnqopho uzokuba kakhulukazi eembalweni zehloko, ukuhlanganisa imiqondo nekwabeni kwemisetjenzana yokuzijamela okungasenani imizuzu ema-20 ngelanga ekuthomeni kwesifundo seembalo. Ngalesosikhathi utitjhere uzokusebenzisa netlasi loke ukubona nokurekhoda (lokha kufaneleko) ilanga losuku, zingaki enyangeni, inani labafundi abakhona nabangekho, nobujamo bezulu. Iimbalo zehloko zifakahlangana iimbalo zehloko ezisungulako ezifana “nenomboro ezangemuva nangaphambili ko-8, okunengi/ nokuncani kuno-8 nga-2 yi: 4+2; 5+2; 6+2” njll. Ngaso leso sikhathi utitjhere angahlanganisa imiqondo engaba budisana. Begodu kuqakathekile bona itlasi inikelwe imisetjenzana evamileko begodu nemisetjenzana yokuzijamela abazenzela yona ngokwabo, ngalesosikhathi utitjhere uraga ngesigaba sesiqhema esincani. Iimfundo eziqaliswe esiqhemeni esincani: Ngeziphumelelisako nange utitjhere athatha isiqhema sabantwana esincani (8 ukuya 12) abasezingeni elilinganakobabe naye emadeni nofana ematafuleni wabo, ngasikhathi leso itlasi loke libandakanywe emisetjenzaneni yokuzijamela. Utitjhere usebenza nabentwana ngokukhuluma nangokwenza, ababandakanye emisetjenzaneni efana nokubala, ukulinganisa, ukuthuthukiswa komnqopho weenomboro, imisetjenzana yokurarulula imiraro, nemisetjenzana ephathelene namaphetheni, isikhala nobujamo, ukumeda nokuphatha idatha okufanele kuhlelwe ngokuqophelela. Ukuze uqinisekise ukufunda umsebenzi otloliweko (incwadi yokusebenzela, isibonelo iphepha lokusebenzela, amakarada wokusebenzela njll) kufuneka kube yingcenye yomsebenzi wesiqhema nakungakghoneka/ nakukghonakalako. Abafundi kufanele babe neentlabagelo zokutlola (incwadi yokusebenzela njll) isentjenziselwe imisetjenzana yokurarulula imiraro. Isigaba sesiqhema kufanele bakhuthazwe “ukwenza, ukukhuluma ukulingisa nokurekhoda” ukucabanga kwabo kweembalo. Abotitjhere kufanele banakekele bangaqaleliphasi/banganyazi abafundi ababuthaka, kufanele nabo badoswe. Kubalula ukumedanisa izinga lobudisi lomsebenzi wabafundi nangabe utitjhere usebenza ngezinga elipheze lalingana, Okungenani iinqhema ezisemazingeni ahlangeneko zingasebenza ngcono nekwakhiwako, kumeda kwenziwa amaphetheni nofana imisetjenzana yokuhlukanisa ngeengaba, nofana kwemidlalo. Imisetjenzana yokuzijamela: Ngesikhathi utitjhere asebenza ngemfundo ezinqophiswe esiqhemeni esincani, abafundi boke ngetlasini kufanele babandakanywe ngehloso yemisetjenzana ehlukahlukeneko yeembalo enqotjhiswe ekuqiniseni nekuhlanganiseni iminqopho namakghono asele afundisiweko ngesikhathi esinqotjhiswe esiqhemeni esincani. Imisetjenzana yokuzijamela kufanele ihlukaniswe ukwenzelela bonyana inakekele iinqhema ezinamakghono ahlukeneko. Imisetjenzana yokuzijamela ifanele ifake hlangana: -- Imisetjenzana yencwadi yokusebenzela -- Amaphepha wokusebenzela ahlelwe ngokwemihlobo/amakarada wokusebenza wokubala, ukusebenzisa iinomboro, imiraro elula esebujameni (imiraro yamagama) njll -- Imidlalo yeembalo efana neLudo, amadomino, amaphazeli wejigso nama -- AmaThaski afakahlangana nokwakha, ukuhlukanisa ngeengaba, ukuphethina nokumeda. Isikhathi seembalo kufanele sinikele ukulekelela ebafundini abaneenqabo zokufunda, imisetjenzana engezelelako yabakghonako, imisetjenzana yokuhlola njll. Imisetjenzana yokuzijamela neyesiqhema esincani kufanele iqalwe (ngokwenza, nangokukhuluma) itshwaywe bese iyaqalisiswa (ukurhekhoda okutloliweko) ngutitjhere njengengcenye yokuhlola okulungiselelweko nengakalungiselelwa. Ukulandela umkhondo wempendulo zabafundi (ngokukhuluma, ngokucocwako, ngokwenza, ngokurekhoda okutloliweko) esimeni sokufunda nokufundisa evumela utitjhere ukwenza ukuhlola okuragela phambili, ukulandelela iragelophambili nokuhlela ilekelelo ngokuya kwabafundi abaneenqabo zokufunda. 12 ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 2.7.2 Abafundi abaneenqabo ekufundeni iimbalo Kuqakathekile bonyana abafundi abahlangabezana neenqabo zokufunda iimbalo bonyana kuvezwe epepeneneni ekufundeni okusekelwe ngemisetjhenzana yokufunda. Ukwenza kweemboniso kusetjhenziswa izinto ezibonakalako ngokuhlanganyela nemisetjhenzana yokwenziwa kufanele isetjhenziswe ithutjana elide kunalabo abafundi abakghonako ngombana ukutjhugulukela emisebenzini engabonakaliko ngokurhabako kungabanga ukutjhuragana nokusalela. Abafundi labo bangadinga nofana banikelwe isikhathi esinengi soku: • Qedelela imisebenzi yokuhlola namathaski • Ukuthola amakghono wokucabanga (amaqhinga okungewabo) Inani lemisetjhenzana okufanele iqedelelwe kufanele yehliswe ngaphandle kokuzwana ngokulisa okhunye iminqopho namakghono lawo anqotjhiweko. 2.7.3 Iimbalo zehloko Iimbalo zehloko zidlala indima eqakathekileko kukharikhulamu. Amabhondi weenomboro nethebula yokkubuyelela okulindeleke bona abafundi bawazi nofana bawakhumbule ngokurhabako keliny nelinye igreyidi arhemisiwe. Ngokungezelelweko, iimbalo zehloko zisetjhenziswa ngokubanzi ngokuhlola iinomboro eziphakamileko ezihlangana kweenlinganiso ezimbili ngokubala ngokweqa nangokwenza imisetjenzana efuna ukuya phezulu naphasi elerini. Isib. Utitjhere wegreyidi yesi 3 angahle abuze imibuzo elandelanako, “thoma nga 796 ungezelela nge 7, Iye ma 803. Yenza lokhu kwehle nge 5 Iye ma 798. Ngezelela nge 10... ungezelela 2... ungezelele nga 90 ... yehlisa nga 5 ” njll. Imisetjenzana leyo irhelebha abafundi ukwakha inambalayini yembalo zehloko. Iimbalo zehloko ziboniswa khulu ekubaleni nesahluko somqondo wokuthuthukisa inomboro okuhlobanisa inhloko zeenomboro namaPhetheni begodu kungenzeka ngesikhathi sokumeda nemisetjenzana yokuphatha kwedatha. Nakwenziwa iimbalo zehloko, utitjhere angakateleli abafundi ukwenza iimbalo zokubalisisa abangakwazi ukuzenza- iintlabagelo zokutlola nofana izinto zokubala kufanele zihlale njalo zikhona ukwenzelela abafundi abasazithlogako 2.8 IGreyidi R Indlela yokufunda i-IiMbalo kufanele isekelwe emithethweni yokuhlanganisa ngokuzeleko nokufunda okusekelwe ekudlaleni. Utitjhere kufanele asebenzele phambili, abemlamuli kunokuba mkghonakalisi. Umlamuli wenza amathuba amanengi wokufunda anganakuqakatheka avela ngokuzenzakalelako ngezikhathi semisetjenzana edzimelele emntwaneni efana nokudlala ngokutjhaphuluka ekhoneni lomkhumbulo olibhudango nofana endaweni lapha kwakhiwa khona ngamabhlogo, emisetjenzaneni yokudlala ngehlabathi namanzi okufaka imisetjenzana ekhokholwa ngutitjhere, enqophiswe emqondweni wokubala, ukuthuthukiswa komqondonomboro, isikhala nobujamo, amaphetheni, isikhathi neminye imisetjenzana yokuthoma i-IiMbalo. Umbala ngokwawo awusiwo umqondo we- IiMbalo, kodwana ungasetjenziselwa ukuthuthukisa umqondo we-IiMbalo ngemisetjenzana efana nokuhlela ngemihlobo, ukuhlela ngeenqhema nokuhlukanisa ngeengaba. Woke amahlangothi weGreyidi R, okufaka hlangana ibhoduluko letlasi nokujayela ukufundisa nokufunda, kufanele kukhuthaze ukuthuthukisa umntwana ngokuzeleko. Ukuthuthuka okuhlanganisiweko nokuthoma ukwazi iimbalo okufakahlangana nokuthuthukiswa kokusebenzisa umkhumbulo (ukurarulula-umraro, ukucabanga nokucabangisisa okuhlelekileko), ukuthuthukisa kwelimi (ilimi le-IiMbalo) nokubona kwanga uyezwa begodu nangokwemizwa nangokuhlalisana. Woke amahlangothi lawa angathuthukiswa ngeendatjana, iingoma, imidunduzelo, imidlalo yemino neyamanzi, amathoyisi wokufunda afakahlangana umdlalo webhodi, imisetjenzana yokwakha nokuhlola (ubudisi, isikhathi, ubungako, ukumeda njll). Ukudlala ngokuzakhela engqondweni, ukudlala ngaphandle nemidlalo yekundleni yezemidlalo. Imidlalo eminengi ingafakahlangana ihlangothi lenumeresi, isibonelo ukulinganisa ngesikhathi sokupheka nofana ukubala nakuthengwako. Ngamanye amagama ukukghona ukuthoma ukubala nakuhlobana kwemiqondomagama weembalo kufanele njengokufundisa okuhle kulandele imithetho yokufunda elandelako lapha abantwana badlula eengabeni eentathu zokufunda: CAPS 13
ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 • Isigaba sekhinestethiki (ilemuko lemiqondo ngemizimba nangemizwa); • Isigaba sokuphathekako (3-D), kusetjenziswe izinto ezihlukahlukeneko ezifana namabhlogo, iimvalo zamabhodlela, iingojwana nezinyo izinto ezisemphakathini); • Iphepha nepensela (iinjamiseleli ezisaphathekako kusetjenziswa imigwalo, amakarada amadanisako njll) EGreyidini R ithebula lesikhathi libizwa ihlelo langamalanga (qala Umfanekiso woku-1) begodu ihlukaniswe ngeengaba ezintathu eziqakathekileko zibizwa: • Imisetjenzana ekhokhelwa ngutitjhere • Imisetjenzana yangamalanga/evamileko • Imisetjenzana esungulwa bantwana nofana ukudlala ngokutjhaphuluka. Igandelelo kufanele libe sekusebenziseni amahlangothi welandelano lemilayelo ukukhuthaza ukuzuza kokuthoma ukwazi inumeresi ngendlela esebujameni bokudlala nangokuzenzakalelako. Isibonelo, amathuba wokufunda inumeresi ngokukhokhelwa ngutitjhere enziwa ngesikhathi sendulungu. Iindulungu zinganikelwa umnqopho wokubala. Ekuseni ngesikhathi sokulotjhisana nalapha nakuqalwa abantwana abakhona nabangekho ingathathwa njengethuba lokudlala ngeenomboro isibonelo, ukubala. Ezinye iindulungu ezifana nendulungu ye-IiMbalo, indulungu yokuzwa inga uyabona, yokusikinyeka, yomvumo neyesayensi zinganikela umnqopho we-IiMbalo. Imisetjenzana yobuciko bokuzithlamela ingagandelela i-IiMbalo isibonelo, ukusebenzisa amabumbeko weJiyomethri ezifana nendulungu nesikwere ukwenza ikholaji nofana ukutlama ifreyimu yesithombe. Itjhadi lobujamo bezulu, ikhalenda nendulungu yelanga lamabeletho zinikela ithuba lokuhlola umnqopho wokubala. Kulilwazi nokusungula kwakatitjhere okungandise ikghono lokufunda. • Umsebenzi wangamalanga lapha abantwana bazibandakanya khona efana nesikhathi sokudla, isikhathi sokubuyelela ekhaya, nesokuya endlwaneni singanikelwa umnqopho oqaliswe ekubaleni. Boke abentwana abembethe izambatho ezibomvu baye endlwaneni kokuthoma (umbala neenomborosikhundla) omunye nomunye umntwana uthola isitja nembedlezwana (ukukhambelana kunye nakunye), uThandi ubawa imbedlezwana enye godi, uSipho akasayifuni enye imbedlezwana. Utitjhere ubona asebenzise isikhathi leso njengesikhathi sokufundisa ngamanye amagama utitjhere abemlamuli wokufundisa. • Ngesikhathi sokudlala ngokutjhaphululaka utitjhere angathuthukisa iiMbalo ezisathomako ngokwakhiwa okufaneleko kwendawo yokudlalela. Ukudlala okutjhaphulukileko kwangaphandle okufana nokukhwela ifreyimu yesigodo nofana ukukhwela itsikiri kungathuthukisa ilwazimagama weembalo afana naphezulu/ phasi, masinya/buthaka, ngaphasi/ngaphezulu njll. Ukudlala ngehlabathi namanzi kungangezelela ukuzwisisa kwemiqondo efana nobudisi nomthamo. Yoke imisetjenzana izokungezelela amakghono wokuzwa kwanga uyabona enza, lokhu kuba yengcenye yokuphila njengendabuko okutholakala ngokuphumelela ekufundisweni okuhleliweko kwelitheresi nenumeresi. Iimbonelo zamakghono ngilezi: -- ukuthuthukisa ukuzwisisa ubujamo ebusesikhaleni isibonelo, ngemuva, ngaphambi kwe, ngaphasi kwe nofana hlanu kwento (lokhu kungahlanganiswa nokujanyelwa kwedijithi); ne -- ukunqophisa nelathelarithi (lokhu kungahlanganiswa nokubunjwa kwenomboro neledere, nokufunda kusukela ngesinceleni ukuya ngesidleni) Ukulungiselela okwendlalwe ngehla kutjengisa indlela ekhuthaza indlela yokurarulula umraro, ukucabanga nokucabangisisa isikhathi sokufunda, utitjhere angakhuthaza abantwana bonyana batjengise ngeenquto nebonelophambili lokungenzeka isibonelo, Njengokuthi isimumathi esisetjenziswe ngesikhathi sokudlala ngokutjhaphuluka singathatha umthamo omnengi kunesinye. Ngokwenza iintjhukumezo ezingarhelebha nokumema umntwana bonyana acabange ngezinye iindlela zokurarulula imiraro. Utitjhere angakhuthaza abantwana ukucabanga ngokujulileko nangeendaba nangeenqunto abazithathako. Ngaleyondlela kuzabe kungasi ngokweembalo kwaphela kodwana ukuthuthukisa okupheleleko ngelihlo elihlabako okuvezwa Sitatimende soMthetho-kambiso weKharikhyulamu nokuHlola kulethwa ngokudlala. 14 ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 Umfanekiso woku-1: Ihlelo langamalanga le Greyidi R (Kusuka ± 7:30 – 13:00) UKUFIKA NOKUDLALA OKUTJHAPHULUKILEKO IiMbalo • Imisetjenzana esuselwe Ukulotjhisa Amalanga IiMbalo kuma (IiMbalo). Wamabeletho Iregistara AmaLimi Iindaba AmaKghono WePilo • Iingoma nombhino Imizuzu e-36 • Imisetjenzana ebonakalako IMISETJENZANA ERHOLWA NGUTITJHERE • Imilolozelo yokubala IiMbalo, AmaLimi, AmaKghono WePilo • Imidlalo • Ukucocisana ngommongo yokuzenzisa • Isitjengiso – mbono • UMSEBENZI WOBUKGHWARI • Ukulingisa sesayensi umsetjenzana o-1 oqakathekileko 50 kanye nemi- 2 nofana emi-3 • Ukudlala • Ukudlala okutjhaphulukileko imizuzu esekelako yangamalanga. ngokwakha • Imisebenzi yangamalanga • ukudlala batjhaphulukile • Amabhblogo • nokubutha ngetlasini • Kokufunda AMALIMI • Izinto zokudlala IMISETJENZANA ERHOLWA 30 • Imidlalo • Imisetjenzana esuselwe NGUTITJHERE imizuzu ecabangisako kuma (ILimi Lekhaya). IiMbalo, AmaLimi, AmaKghono WePilo. • Iindatjana • Amaphazela 10 Ukuya ngendlwaneni kwangamalanga • Umdlalo wesiteji • Ihugwana imizuzu IiMbalo, AmaLimi, AmaKghono WePilo • Iincwadi / iinthombe yeencwadi • Ukufundi iinthombe • Ukucocisana ngeenthombe • Imisetjenzana ebonakalako • Ipostara yababelethi 20 IINQABULI: imizuzu Amalimi, Iimbalo, AmaKghono WePilo • Ukudlala • Incwadi yomzali ngamanzi • Iindaba • Ukudlala • Iinkondlo / imilolozelo ngesanda • Umbhino / iingomo / Ukudlala utjhaphulukile • Ukulingisa imilolozelo 60 ngaphandlenokubutha imizuzu • Iimbholo • Umtjhinin wokudlala • Ukujinka amakhasede • Izinto zokudlala • Ukucocisana ngommongo ezinamavili • Imidlalo yemikhambo • Izinto zokudlala yabantu ezifundisako • Imisebenzi yangamalanga 10 • Ijungel jimu • Ukudlala okutjhaphulukileko Ukuya ngendlwaneni kwangamalanga imizuzu IiMbalo, AmaLimi, AmaKghono WePilo. • Amatayere • Ukuthabulula IMISETJENZANA ERHOLWA umzimba AMAKGHONO WEPILO 30 • Imidlalo NGUTITJHERE imizuzu • Imisetjenzana esuselwe IiMbalo, AmaLimi, AmaKghono WePilo. kuma (AmaKghono WePilo). 30 INDATJANA ngamalanga • Imidlalo yemikhambo imizuzu yabantu • Umvumo nombhino ukuphumula / isikhathi sokuthula nesokukhamba • Iinkondlo nemilolozelo • Ukucocisana ngommongo • Amalanga wamabeletho • Imisebenzi yangamalanga • Ukudlala okutjhaphulukileko CAPS 15
ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 Ukuhlolwa eGreyidini R kufanele kube ngokungakalungiselelwa begodu abantwana akukafaneli babekwe ebujameni bokutlola ukuhlola. Kungalesi sizathu imisetjenzana yokuhlola ingakafakwa eSitatimende Somthetho-kambiso Wekharikhyulamu nokuHlola eGreyidini R. Omunye nomunye umsebenzi wokuhlola ufanele uhlelwe ngokuqophelela ukuze ihlanganise nemihlobobohlobo yamakghono. EGreyidi R ukuhlolwa okunengi kwenziwa ngokubukela, lapho utitjhere arekhoda khona imphumela yokuhlolwa ngokusebenzisa irherho lokuhlola. Ngokukhamba konyaka, isithombe esizeleko ngomntwana ngamunye siyakheka, zizaliswe ngeentjhijilo nangobukghoni bakhe kwenza bonyana iintjhijilo ziqalelelwe, ubukghoni buthuthukiswe. Lokhu kuvumela intjhijilo bonyana ziqalelelwe nobukghoni buthuthukiswe. Ihlelo lokufunda elihlelelweko langekumbeni yokufunda ehlelwe ngokusekelweko afanele angenziwa, njengombana angalekeleli ukukghonakala kweNumeresi emntwaneni weGreyidi R. UGreyidi R akukafaneli kube yiGreyidi 1 eyehlisiweko. IGreyidi R unemikghwa yayo ehlukileko esekelwe ngokuthi umntwana oseminyakeni leyo wenza njani umqondo ngephasi aphila kilo, nokuthi uzuza njani ilwazi, amakghono, amagugu nendlela yokucabanga ebanikela amathuba weminyaka yokufunda okuhlelelweko. 2.9 Iinsetjenziswa Eziphakanyisiweko zetlasi yeeMbalo esiGabeni Esisisekelo. • Iimbali • Idayisi elikhulu • Ifreyimu ekulu yokubala • Itjhadi lobude • Iphostara ekulu eneenomboro 1 – 100 nephostara yegridi yeenomboro 101 – 200 (itjhadi lenomboro ezi- 100) • Amanambalayini ahlukahlukeneko (ajame rwe nathabaleleko) • Isede yama karada flardi ( amakarada anabisako) • Imali yokudlala — iinhlamvu zemali nemali yephepha. • Ikhalenda yonyaka loyo • Iwatjhi ekulu yamasiba yebodeni • Isikala sokudzimelela • Amabhlogo wokwakha • Idaka lokubumba • Amabhoksi ahlukahlukeneko ngobujamo nesayizi athethwe ekhaya • Amabhodlelo weplastiki ahlukahlukeneko nezinye iimumathi zokuhlathulula nokumadanisa umthamo • Iimbonelo ezihle zeendulungu (iimbholo), iphrizimu enguncamane (ibhoksi), ikhuyubhu, ikurwana, iphiramidi namasilinda. Utitjhere angazenzela yena ngokwakhe lokhu. • Iinkwere ezinengi zamaplastiki nofana amakhadibhoksi, aboncamane abahlukahlukeneko, iindulungu, aboncantathu abahlukahlukeneko babe namasayizi ahlukahlukeneko boke. • Imidlalo yeeMbalo isib. iLudo, iinyoka namaleri, amaphazela angenelanako, amaDomino, amaTangremu njll. • Okuqakathekileko emaGreyidini R neyoku 1: -- Iindawo lapho kudlalwa khona ngesanda namanzi -- Iinsetjenziswa zokukhwela , zokudzimelela, zokujinka nokweqayeqa -- Isitolo sokudlala nezinto okufanele zithengwe ngemali yokudlala -- Imihlobohlobo yemidlalo efaneleko okufana nokuthi ‘kunani ngaphakathi kwesikwere’? -- Amabhlogo. 16 ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 ISIGABA 3: UKUNQOPHISA NOKUHLATHULULA OKUMUMETHWEKO 3.1 Isingeniso Eemfundweni ezisesiGabeni seFundo ephasi, kuhlanu okumumethwe eendaweni ze-IiMbalo • Iinomboro, ama-Opharetjhini noBudlelwano • AmaPhetheni, amaFanktjhini ne-Aljibhra • ISikhala nobuJamo (Jiyomethri) • UkuMeda • UkuPhatha iDatha Esinye nesinye isigaba sokumumethweko siphulwa sibe ziinhlokwana zeeMbalo, isibonelo kuSikhala nobuJamo Esigabeni Esisisekelo esinye seenhloko bujamo obubusobubili (2-D). ImiQondo namaKghono ayanqotjhiswa ngaphakathi kwesinye nesinye isihloko. Esigabeni sesi-3 seSigaba Esisisekelo se-Mbalo, ISitatimende Somgomo WeKharikhyulamu nokuHlola sinqophisa besihlathulule lokho okufunekako kokumumethwe ziiMbalo. 3.2 Isenzo sokunqophisa iragelo phambili kilokho okumumethweko. Ithebula yehlathululo efitjhazana yesigaba esithile sokukhula itjengisa isenzo seragelo phambili yeminqopho namakghono netuthuko kusukela eGreyidini R ukuya kweyesi-3. Ithebula yehlathululo efitjhazana yesigaba esithile sokukhula kweGreyidi itjengisa ituthuko yemiqondo namakghono buvundla kiwo womane amathemu wonyaka. Noma kunjalo, kezinye iinhloko imiqondo namakghono ayafana emagreyidini amabili nofana amathathu alandelanako. Ukuhlathulula okumumethweko kuzakunikela umhlahlandlela wokobana iragelo phambili kufanele yenziwe bunjani ebujamweni obunjalo. Isenzo sokunqophisa okumumethweko kufanele sifundwe ngokuhlanganyela nokuhlukanisa ngeengaba kokumumethweko. Umbonomazombe omfitjhazana wemininingwana Esigabeni Esisisekelo itjengisa iragelo phambili leengaba ezimumethweko; Iinomboro, ama-Opharetjhini noBudlelwano, amaPhetheni, amaFanktjhini ne-Aljibhra, Isikhala noBujamo (Jiyomethri), Ukumeda no kuPhatha iDatha buvundla emaGreyidini R – 3 njengoba zibekiwe ethebuleni elingenzasi. CAPS 17
UMBONOMAZOMBE WESIGABA ESISISEKELO 1. IINOMBORO, AMA-OPHARETJHINI NOBUDLELWANO 18 Iragelo phambili leenomboro, ukusebenza nobudlelwano. • Iragelo phambili eliqakathekileko leenomboro,ukusebenza nobudlelwano elenzeka ngeendlela ezintathu: -- Ihlelo leenomboro liyanyuka. -- Ukwethulwa kwemihlobo ehlukeneko yeenomboro. -- Ukutjhuguluka kwamaqhinga wokubala. • Njengombana ihlelo leenomboro lokubala linyuka ukufika kugreyidi 3, abafundi kufanele bathome ukuba namaqhinga amanengi afaneleko wokubala. • Imiraro yobujamo kufanele ibe nokuphenduleka ehlelweni leenomboro egreyidini kunye nekghono lokubala labafundi. IINHLOKO IGREYIDI R IGREYIDI 1 IGREYIDI 2 IGREYIDI 3 UKUTHUTHUKA KWEMIQONDO YEENOMBORO : Bala ngeenomboro ngokupheleleko 1.1 Ukubala izinto eziphathekako Ukubala izinto eziphathekako Ukubala izinto eziphathekako Ukubala izinto eziphathekako Ukubala izinto Linganisa bewubale ngokuthembeka Linganisa bewubale ngokuthembeka Linganisa bewubale ngokuthembeka Linganisa bewubale ngokuthembeka okungenani kufika ema-10 izinto okungenani kufika ema-50 izinto okungenani kufika ema 200 izinto okungenani kufika e-1000 izinto zangamalanga zangamalanga. ngamalanga. zangamalanga. Ukubala ngeenqhema Ukubala ngeenqhema Ukubala ngeenqhema kuyakhuthazwa kuyakhuthazwa kuyakhuthazwa. ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 1.2 Ukubala uyephambili nemuva nga: Ukubala uyephambili nemuva nga: Ukubala uyephambili neemuva nga: Ukubala uyephambili neemuva nga: Ukubala Ku-1 ukusuka kwenye nenye Ku-1 ukusuka kwenye nenye • Ku- 1 ukusuka nanyana ngiyiphi • Ku-1 ukusuka nanyana ngiyiphi uyephambili inomboro kusukela keyo-1 ukufika inomboro hlangana no-1 ne-100 inomboro ehlangana ne-0 na 200 inomboro ehlangana ne-0 ne-1000 nemuva keye-10 • Li- 10 ukusuka nanyana ngiliphi • Li- 10 ukusuka nanyana ngiliphi Ukubala uye phambili nga- Sebenzisa imilolozelo yeenomboro ibuyelelo le- 10 hlangana ne-0 ne ibuyelelo le 10 hlangana ne- 0 ne • Li-10 ukusukela kwenye nenye kunye neengoma 200 1000 inomboro ebala ngali-10 ehlangana no -1 ne-100 • Ku- 5 ukusuka nanyana ngaliphi • Ku- 5 ukusuka nanyana ngaliphi ibuyelelo laka 5 hlangana ne- 0 ne ibuyelelo laka 5 hlangana ne- 0 ne • Ku-5 ukusukele kwenye nenye 200 1000 inomboro ebala nga ku-5 ehlangana no -1 ne-100 • Ku- 2 ukusuka nanyana ngaliphi • Ku- 2 ukusuka nanyana ngaliphi ibuyelelo laka 2 hlangana ne- 0 ne ibuyelelo laka 2 hlangana ne- 0 ne • Ku-2 ukusukela kwenye nenye 200 1000 inomboro ebala nga- 2 ehlangana no -1 ne-100 • Ku- 3 ukusuka nanyana ngaliphi • Ku- 3 ukusuka nanyana ngaliphi ibuyelelo laka 3 hlangana ne- 0 na ibuyelelo laka 3 hlangana ne- 0 ne 200 1000 • Ku- 1 ukusuka nanyana ngaliphi • Ku- 1 ukusuka nanyana ngaliphi ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) ibuyelelo laka 1 hlangana ne- 0 ne ibuyelelo laka 1 hlangana ne- 0 ne 200 1000 • Ma 20, 25, 50,100 ukufika okungenani e-1000.
IINHLOKO IGREYIDI R IGREYIDI 1 IGREYIDI 2 IGREYIDI 3 UKUTHUTHUKA KWEMIQONDO YEENOMBORO: Ukujamisela iinomboro ngokupheleleko 1.3 Ukukhumbula, ukubona Ukukhumbula, ukubona Ukukhumbula, ukubona nokufunda Ukukhumbula, ukubona nokufunda CAPS nokufunda iinomboro nokufunda iinomboro iinomboro iinomboro Amatshwayo weenomboro • Khumbula, ubone begodu ufunde • Khumbula, ubone begodu ufunde • Khumbula, ubone , ukubona • Khumbula, ubone begodu ufunde namabizo amatshwayo wenomboro ukusuka amatshwayo wenomboro ukusuka nokufunda amatshwayo wenomboro amatshwayo wenomboro ukusuka weenomboro ku-1 ukufika ku-10 ku-1 ukufika e-100 ukusuka e-0 ukufika e-200 e-0 ukufika e-1000. • Khumbula, ubone begodu ufunde • Tlola amatshwayo wenomboro • Ukutlola amatshwayo wenomboro • Tlola amatshwayo wenomboro amagama weenomboro ukusuka ukusuka ku-1 ukufika e-20 ukusuka e-0 ukufika e-200 ukusuka ku-1 ukufika e-1000 ku-1 ukufika ku-10 • Khumbula, ubone begodu ufunde • Khumbula, ubone begodu ufunde • Khumbula, ubone begodu ufunde amagama weenomboro kusuka igama lenomboro ukusuka e-0 amagama weenomboro ukusuka ku-1 ukufika e-10 ukufika e-100 ku-1 ukufika e-1000. • Tlola amagama weenomboro • Ukutlola amagama weenomboro • Tlola amagama weenomboro ukusuka ku-1 ukufika e-10 ukusuka e-0 ukufika e-100 ukusuka ku-1 ukufika e-1000 UKUTHUTHUKA KWEMIQONDO YEENOMBORO: Ukuhlathulula, ukumadanisa nokuhlela inomboro ngokupheleleko 1.4 Ukuhlathulula, ukumadanisa Ukuhlathulula, ukumadanisa, nokuhlela ibuthelelo lezinto nokuhlela izinto ukufika e-20 Ukuhlathulula, ukufika e-10 ukumadanisa • Ukuhlathulula nokumadanisa nokuhlela • Ukuhlathulula iinomboro izinto ezibuthelelweko ukuya inomboro ngokupheleleko ukufika e-10. ngobunengi, okungenani, ngokupheleleko kufana. • Ukumadanisa bonanyana, ekudlwana, ekulu khulu • Ukuhlathulula nokumadanisa engaphasi, elinganako izinto ezibuthelelweko ukusuka epheze ilingane, engaphezulu kubunengi ukuya okulingeneko ezimbadlwana kwe-10 ngiyiphi kunye nokusuka kokulingene ekulu, encani, hlangana nezimbili uye kokunengi. izinto ezibuthelelweko. • Ukuhlela ngaphezu kwezimbili zebuthelelo lezinto ukusuka kencani ukuya kekulu ukufika e-10. 19 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
IINHLOKO IGREYIDI R IGREYIDI 1 IGREYIDI 2 IGREYIDI 3 UKUTHUTHUKA KWEMIQONDO YEENOMBORO: Ukujamisela iinomboro ngokupheleleko 20 1.4 Ukuhlathulula, ukumadanisa and Ukuhlathulula, ukumadanisa and Ukuhlathulula, ukumadanisa nokuhlela iinomboro ukufika e-20 nokuhlela iinomboro ukufika e- 99 nokuhlela iinomboro ukufika e-999. Ukuhlathulula, • Ukuhlathulula nokumadanisa • Ukuhlathulula nokumadanisa • Ukuhlathulula nokumadanisa ukumadanisa iinomboro ezipheleleko iinomboro ezipheleleko ukufika e-99 iinomboro ezipheleleko ukufika nokuhlela ngokusebenzisa okuncani kuna, ngokusebenzisa okuncani kuna, e- 999 ngokusebenzisa okuncani inomboro okukhulu kuna, okunengi kuna, okukhulu kuna, okunengi kuna, kuna, okukhulu kuna, okunengi ngokupheleleko okungaphasi kuna, okulinganako. okungaphasi kuna, okulinganako. kuna, okungaphasi kuna, • Ukuhlathulula bewuhlele iinomboro • Ukuhlathulula bewuhlele iinomboro okulinganako. kusuka ngencani-khulu ukufika ezipheleleko ukufika e-99 kusuka • Ukuhlathulula bewuhlele iinomboro kekulukulu nokusuka kekulukulu kencani-khulu ukufika kekulukulu ezipheleleko ukufika e-999 kusuka kufika kencani-khulu nokusuka kekulukulu kufika kencani-khulu ukufika kekulukulu kencani-khulu nokusuka kekulukulu kufika kencani-khulu Sebenzisa inomborosikhundla Sebenzisa inomborosikhundla Sebenzisa inomborosikhundla Sebenzisa inomborosikhundla ukutjengisa ukulandelana, indawo ukutjengisa ukulandelana, indawo ukutjengisa ukulandelana, indawo ukutjengisa ukulandelana, indawo namkha ubujamo namkha ubujamo namkha ubujamo namkha ubujamo • Ukubeka izinto ngokulandelana • Ukusebenzisa , ukufunda nokutlola Thoma ilemuko • Ukubeka izinto ngokulandelana iinomborosikhundla kufaka kusukela keyokuthoma kusukela keyokuthoma ukufika leenomborosikhundla Isib. keyamatjhumi amabili namkha hlangana nezirhunyeziweko (1st- Yokuthoma, yesibili, yesithathu ukufika keyetjhumi namkha koku1, 2nd-kwesi2, 3rd- kwesi-3 keyokuthoma ukuya keyokugcina, keyokuthoma ukuya keyokugcina, ukufika keyesithandathu Isib. Yokuthoma, yesibili, ukufika kokwama 31st) neyokugcina. Isib. Yokuthoma, yesibili, yesithathu........ yetjhumi yesithathu........Yamatjhumi amabili. ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 UKUTHUTHUKA KWEMIQONDO YEENOMBORO :Ubukhulu bedijithi 1.5 Thoma ukulemuka ubukhulu Thoma ukulemuka ubukhulu Ukulemuka ubukhulu bedijithi bedijithi okungenani iinomboro bedijithi okungenani iinomboro okungenani iinomboro zamadijithi Ubukhulu bedijithi zamadijithi ama-2 ukufika e-20 zamadijithi ama-2 ukufika e-99 ama-3 ukufika e-999 • Ukuphula iinomboro zamadijithi • Ukuphula iinomboro zamadijithi • Ukuphula iinomboro zamadijithi ama-2 ukuya ngesibuyabuyelelo ama-2 ukuya ngesibuyabuyelelo ama-3 ukufika e-999 ukuya se-10 nakunye/ namayunidi. se-10 nakunye/namayunidi. ngesibuyabuyelelo se-100, ngesibuyabuyelelo se-10 nakunye/ namayunidi. • Ukufanisa nokutjho ubukhulu benye • Ukufanisa nokutjho ubukhulu benye nenye idijithi. nenye idijithi. UKURARULULA IMIRARO ESEBUJAMENI 1.6 Sebenzisa amathekhiniki alandelako Sebenzisa amathekhiniki alandelako Sebenzisa amathekhiniki Sebenzisa amathekhiniki ukufika e-10. nawurarulula imiraro uhlathulule alandelako lokha urarulula imiraro alandelako lokha urarulula imiraro Amaqhinga neensombululo: bekuhlathululwe iinsombululo bekuhlathululwe iinsombululo wokurarulula • Iinsetjenziswa eziphathekako Isib. zemiraro: zemiraro: imiraro Izinto zokubala. • Ama-apharethasi aphathekako njengezinto zokubala • Imigwalo nofana amapharethasi • Ukwakha nokuphula kweenomboro • Ileri yeenomboro ebonakalako. • Iinthombe zokugwala iimbalo aphathekako isib. Izinto zokubala • Ukubuyelela kabili nokuqunta ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) zendatjhana • Ukwakha nokuphula kweenomboro phakathi • Ukuphula nokuphula iinomboro • Ukubuyelela kabili nokuqunta • Inambalayini • Ukubuyelela nokuqunta phakathi phakathi • Tlola ngamatjhumi. • Iinambalayini • Inambalayini
IINHLOKO IGREYIDI R IGREYIDI 1 IGREYIDI 2 IGREYIDI 3 1.7 Rarulula iimbalo zamagama (Indaba Rarulula iimbalo zamagama Ukusombulula imiraro yeembalo Ukusombulula imiraro yeembalo CAPS Ukuhlanganisa zokuhlanganisa) ezisebujameni ezisebujameni bewuhlathulule zamagama ezisebujameni abe zamagama ezisebujameni abe nokukhupha bewuhlathulule iinsombululo zakho iinsombululo zakho zemiraro, ahlathululo iinsombululo okungezakhe ahlathululo iinsombululo okungezakhe zemiraro ezifaka ukuhlanganisa faka ukuhlanganisa, ukukhupha umraro ofakahlangana ukuhlanganisa umraro ofakahlangana ukuhlanganisa nokukhupha ngempendulo ukufika nempendulo ukufika e-20. nokukhupha okuneempendulo nokukhupha okuneempendulo e-10. ezifikelela e-99. ezifikelela e-999. 1.8 Rarulula iimbalo zamagama Ukusombulula imiraro yeembalo Ukusombulula imiraro yeembalo Ukuhlanganisa ezisebujameni bewuhlathulule zamagama ezisebujameni zamagama ezisebujameni abe okubuyelelweko iinsombululo zakho zemiraro, abe ahlathululo iinsombululo ahlathululo iinsombululo okungezakhe kurholela faka ukuhlanganisa okubuyelelko okungezakhe, umraro ofakahlangana umraro ofakahlangana ukubuyelela ekubuyabuyeleleni nempendulo ukufiika ku-20 ukuhlanganisa okubuyelelweko okuneempendulo ezifikelela e-100. okukhokhela ekubuyeleleni okunomphumelo ofikelela e-50. 1.9 Rarulula iimbalo zamagama Rarulula iimbalo zamagama Ukusombulula imiraro yeembalo Ukusombulula nokuhlathulula Ukubuthelela ezisebujameni bewuhlathulule ezisebujameni bewuhlathulule zamagama ezisebujameni iinsombululo zemiraro eyenzekako nokwabelana iinsombululo zakho ufake iinsombululo zakho ufake abe ahlathululo iinsombululo efakahalangana ukwabelana okurholela ukwabelana ngokulingana ukwabelana ngokulingana okungezakhe, umraro efakahlangana ngokulinganako nokuhlela ekuhlukaniseni. nokubuthelela kwenomboro nokubuthelela kwenomboro ezizeleko ukwabelana ngokulinganako ngeenqhema ukufikela e-100 ezizeleko ukufika e-10 begodu ukufika e-20 begodu nangempendulo nangokuhlela ngeenqhema ukufikelela kumphumela ozokufakahlangana nangempendulo ezifaka hlangana ezifaka hlangana okuseleko. e-50 kumphumela ozokufakahlangana neensalela. okuseleko. neensalela. 1.10 Ukusombulula nokuhlathulula Ukusombulula nokuhlathulula Ukwabelana iinsombululo zemiraro iinsombululo zemiraro okurholela eyenzekako efakahlangana eyenzekako efakahlangana emafraktjhinini ukwabelana ngokulinganako ukwabelana ngokulinganako ekurholela eensombululweni ekurholela eensombululweni ezifaka amafraktjhini ahlobanako ezifaka amafraktjhini ahlobanako nangahlobaniko. nangahlobaniko. 1.11 Thoma ukulemuka amasende nemali • Khumbula bewufanise imali • Ukukhumbula nokufanisa imali • Ukukhumbula nokufanisa imali yoke Imali yamaphepha yeSewula Afrika. eziinhlavu yeSewula Afrika: yeSewula Afrika eziinhlamvu 5c, yeSewula Afrika eziinhlamvu nemali • (5c, 10c, 20, 50c, R1, R2; R5) 10c, 20c, 50c, R1, R2, R5, nemali emaphepha kunye nemali emaphepha i-R10 emaphepha R10, R20, R50 • Ukurarulula imiraro yemali ne R20 • Ukurarulula imiraro yemali efakahlangana amanani netjhentjhi • Ukurarulula imiraro efaka efakahlangana inani netjhentjhi yamaranda namasende hlangana amanani wemali kufikela emarandeni ama-R99 • Tjhugulula amarandi namasende netjhentjii yama R20 namasende ama- 90c. neyamasende ukufika ema-20c 21 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
IINHLOKO IGREYIDI R IGREYIDI 1 IGREYIDI 2 IGREYIDI 3 UKUBALA OKUSEBUJAMENI OBUTJHAPHULUKILEKO 22 1.12 Sebenzisa amathekhiniki alandelayo Sebenzisa amaqhinga alandelako Sebenzisa amaqhinga alandelako Amathekhiniki nawubalako lokhana nakubalwako. lokhana nakubalwako. • Ama-apharethasi aphathekako • Imidwebo nofana amapharethasi • Ukwakha nokuphula kweenomboro (iindlela njengezinto zokubala aphathekako isib. Izinto zokubala namaqhinga) • Ukubuyelela kabili nokuqunta • Gwala iinthombe • Ukwakha nokuphula kweenomboro phakathi • Ukwakhabewuphadhle iinomboro • Ukubuyelela kabili nokuqunta • Inambalayini • Ukubuyelela nkuqunta phakathi phakathi • Tlola ngamatjhumi. • Iinamba layini • Inambalayini 1.13 Ukusombulula imiraro yokuhlanganisa • Ukuhlanganisa ukufika e-20 • Ukuhlanganisa ukufikela e-99 • Ukuhlanganisa ukufikela ku-999 nokukhupha etjhiwo ngomlomo • Ukukhupha ema-99 • Ukukhupha ema-999 Ukuhlanganisa • Ukukhupha ema- 20 ngeensombululo ukufika e-10. nokukhupha • Sebenzisa amatshwayo afaneleko • Ukusebenzisa amatshwayo • Ukusebenzisa amatshwayo (+, –, =, ) afaneleko (+, –, =, ) afaneleko (+, –, =, ) • Ukuphrakthisa inambabhondi • Ukuphrakthisa inambabhondi • Ukuphrakthisa inambabhondi ukufika e-10 ukufika e-20 ukufika e-30 1.14 • Hlanganisa inomboro efanako • Buyabuyelela iinomboro ukusuka • Buyabuyelela iinomboro ngeye 2, 3, Ukuhlanganisa ngokubuyelela ukufika e-20 keyo-1 ukufika e-10 ngaku -2, 5, 3 4,5,10 ukuhlanganisa i-100. okubuyelelweko neye- 4 ukwenza ama-50. • Sebenzisa amatshwayo afaneleko • Ukusebenzisa amatshwayo ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 kurholela (+, =, ) • Ukusebenzisa amatshwayo afaneleko (x, ) ekubuyabuyeleleni afaneleko (+, x, =, ) 1.15 • Hlukanisa iinomboro ukufika e-99 ngeye-2, 3, 4,5,10. Ukuhlukanisa • Ukusebenzisa amatshwayo afaneleko (÷, =, ) 1.16 Umqondo nomboro : Irherho 10 Umqondonomboro: Irherho Umqondonomboro: Umqondonomboro: Umsetjenzana ngamunye uthoma ukufika e-20 Irherho ukufika e-99 Irherho ukufika e-1000 Iimbalo zehloko ngeembalo zehloko: • Nikela inomboro ngaphambili • Ukurhemisa iinomboro • Ukurhemisa iinomboro • Ukubala izinto zangamalanga namkha ngemuva kwenye ezikhethiweko ngokwesede ezikhethiweko ngokwesede • Ukubala uyephambili nemuva inomboro. enikeliweko. enikeliweko. • Iinomboro sikhundla • Hlela isede enikelweko • Ukumadanisa iinomboro ukufika • Ukuqanathisa iinomboro ukufika yeenomboro ezikhethiweko e-99 bewutjho bonyana ngiyiphi e-1000 nokutjho bona ngiyiphi ekulu • Wahla izandla amahlandlha enengi nofana encani nga: 1, 2, 3, 4, namkha encani nga: 1, 2,3,4,5 amanengi/ambalwa • Madanisa iinomboro ukufika e-20 5, begodu nangali-10 begodu nangali 10. • Ngimaphi amahlandlha wokuwahla bewutjho nokobana ngiyiphi keyo-1 amanengi khulu/ncani khulu/ nengi/ neye-2 ekulu namkha encani. ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) ncanyana • Ngiyiphi inomboro eza ngaphambili/ ngemuva /hlangana
IINHLOKO IGREYIDI R IGREYIDI 1 IGREYIDI 2 IGREYIDI 3 UKUBALA OKUSEBUJAMENI OBUTJHAPHULUKILEKO (KURAGELA PHAMBILI) CAPS 1.16 Ukukhumbula msinyana: Ukukhumbula msinyana : Ukukhumbula msinyana : • Ukukhumbula amaphuzu Iimbalo zehloko • Ukukhumbula amaphuzu • Ukukhumbula amaphuzu wamambala ngokuhlanganisa wamambala ngokuhlanganisa wamambala ngokuhlanganisa nokukhupha ukufika e-20 nokukhupha ukufika e-10 nokukhupha ukufika e-20 • Hlanganisa nofana ukhuphe • Hlanganisa nofana ukhuphe iimbuyabuyeleli ze-10 ukusukela e-0 iimbuyabuyeleli ze-10 ukusukela e-0 ukuya e-100 ukuya e-100 • Ukubuyelela kwamambala kwe: -- Ithebula 2 wokubuyabuyelela aneempendulo ukufika e-20 -- 10 amathebula wokubuyabuyelela aneempendulo ukufika e-100 • Amaphuzu weenomboro wokuhlukanisa: -- ukufika e-20 ezihlukaniseka ngo ku 2 -- ukufika e-100 ezihlukaniseka nge- 10 Amaqhinga wokubala Amaqhinga wokubala Amaqhinga wokubala Ukusebenzisa amaqhinga wokubala Ukusebenzisa amaqhinga wokubala Ukusebenzisa amaqhinga wokubala alandelako: ukuhlanganisa nokukhupha ukuhlanganisa nokukhupha • Beka inomboro ekulu maqangi ngekghono elifaneleko: ngekghono elifaneleko: ukuze ubale uyephambili nofana • Beka inomboro ekulu maqangi • Beka inomboro ekulu maqangi ubale uye emuva ukuze ubale uyephambili nofana ukuze ubale uyephambili nofana • Inambalayini. ubale uye emuva ubale uye emuva • Ukubuyelela nokuhlukanisa • Inambalayini. • Inambalayini. • Ukwakha nokuphula • Ukusebenzisa ubudlelwana • Ukubuyelela nokuhlukanisa • Ukubuyelela nokuhlukanisa obuphakathi okuhlanganisa • Ukwakha nokuphula • Ukwakha nokuphula nokukhupha. • Ukusebenzisa ubudlelwana • Ukusebenzisa ubudlelwana obuphakathi okuhlanganisa hlangana bokubuyelela nokukhupha. nokuhlukanisa. 1.17 • Sebenzisa bewutjho amafraktjhini • Sebenzisa bewutjho amafraktjhini wohlavu olulodwa ajayelekileko wohlavu olulodwa nalayo angena Amafraktjhini. okufakahlangana neengcezu, hlavu olulodwa ajayelekileko amakota, isithathu begodu nesihlanu okufakahlangana neengcezu, njll amakota, isithathu begodu nesihlanu njll • Ukubona amafraktjhini ebujameni • Ukubona amafraktjhini ebujameni obuyidayagremu obuyidayagremu • Tlola amafraktjhini njengecezu • Thoma ukulemuka bona iinquntu elilodwa, iinthathu ezimbili ezimbili namkha iinthathu ezintathu zenza yinye epheleleko nokuthi isiquntu esisodwa namakota amabili 23 ziyalingana. • Tlola amafraktjhini njengesiquntu esisodwa, iinthathu ezimbili ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UMBONOMAZOMBE WESIGABA ESISISEKELO 2. AMAPHETHENI, AMAFANKTJHINI NE-ALJIBHRA 24 Iragelo phambili lamaPhetheni, amaFanktjhini ne-Aljibhra. • KumaPhetheni, amaFanktjhini ne-Aljibhra abafundi banikelwa amathuba wokuthi : -- Baqedelele bebangezelele amaphetheni ajanyiselwe ngeendlela ezihlukeneko. -- Bafanise bebahlathulule amaphetheni. • Ukuhlathulula amaphetheni kuleka isisekelo kubafundi besigaba esiphakathi ukuthi bahlathulule imithetho yamaphetheni. Kwamva lokhu kuba ngendlela ehlelekileko emsebenzini we-aljibra esigabeni esiphakathi. IINHLOKO IGREYIDI R IGREYIDI 1 IGREYIDI 2 IGREYIDI 3 2.1 Ukukopa nokungezelela. Ukukopa, ungezelele Ukukopa, ungezelele Ukukopa, ungezelele Ukukopa nokungezelela bewuhlathulule bewuhlathulule bewuhlathulule Amaphetheni weJiyomethri amaphetheni alula Ukukopa, ungezelele bewuhlathulule Ukukopa, ungezelele nokuhlathulula Ukukopa, ungezelele nokuhlathulula ngokusebenzisa izinto ngamagama ngamagama ngamagama ezibonakalako kunye nemigwalo • Amaphetheni alula enziwe ngezinto • Amaphetheni arareneko eyenziwe • Amaphetheni arareneko eyenziwe (Isib. ngokusebenzisa imibala ezibonakalako ngezinto eziphathekako ngezinto eziphathekako nobujamo) • Amaphetheni alula enziwe • Amaphetheni arareneko enziwa • Amaphetheni arareneko enziwa ngemigwalo yemida, ubujamo ngokugwala imida, ubujamo nofana ngokugwala imida, ubujamo nofana nofana izinto. izinto. izinto. Yenza bewuhlathulule amaphetheni Yenza bewuhlathulule amaphetheni Yenza bewuhlathulule amaphetheni ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 wakho okungewakhe wakho Yenza amaphetheni weJiyomethri • Ngezinto eziphathekako • Ngezinto ezibonakalako • Ngezinto ezibonakalako • Ngokugwala imida, ubujamo nofana • Ngokugwala imida, ubujamo nofana • Ngokugwala imida, ubujamo nofana izinto izinto izinto Amaphetheni asizombelezileko Amaphetheni asizombelezileko Amaphetheni asizombelezileko Ukukhomba, ukuhlathulula Ukukhomba, ukuhlathulula Ukukhomba, ukuhlathulula ngamagama nokukopa amaphetheni ngamagama nokukopa amaphetheni ngamagama nokukopa amaphetheni weJiyomethri weJiyomethri weJiyomethri • Ngokwemvelo • Ngokwemvelo • Ngokwemvelo • Kusukela epilweni yangamalanga • Kusukela epilweni yangamalanga • Kusukela epilweni yangamalanga yesimodeni, yesimodeni, yesimodeni, • Asuka kwilifa lamasiko wethu • Asuka kwilifa lamasiko wethu • Asuka kwilifa lamasiko wethu 2.2 Ukukopa, ukungezelela Ukukopa, ukwandisa Ukukopa, ukwandisa nokuhlathulula nokuhlathulula. nokuhlathulula. Amaphetheni weenomboro. Ukukopa, ungezelele bewuhlathulule Ukukopa, ukwandisa nokuhlathulula Ukukopa, ukwandisa nokuhlathulula ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) ukulandelanisa kwenomboro elula iinomboro ezilula ezilamanako ukufika iinomboro ezilula ezilamanako ukufika ukufika e-100. okungenani e-200. okungenani e-999 Ukutlama nokuhlathulula Ukutlama nokuhlathulula Ukutlama nokuhlathulula amaphetheni okungewakhe amaphetheni okungewakhe amaphetheni okungewakhe
UMBONOMAZOMBE WESIGABA ESISISEKELO 3. ISIKHALA NOBUJAMO (IJIYOMETRHI) Iragelo phambili lesikhala nobujamo. CAPS Iragelo phambili eliqakathekileko lesikhala nobujamo liphumelele ngoku : • Nqophisa emikghweni emitjha nematshwayeni wobujamo nezinto egreyidini enye nenye begodu; • Tjhida ekufundeni ilimi lobujamo nokumadanisa imibono ehlukeneko entweni eyodwa ekufundeni nekulandeleni iinkombatjhuba ezisemebheni engakahleleki. IINHLOKO IGREYIDI R IGREYIDI 1 IGREYIDI 2 IGREYIDI 3 3.1 Ilimi lobujamo Ilimi lobujamo Ilimi lobujamo Ubujamo, Hlathulula ubujamo bento Hlathulula ubujamo bento Hlathulula ubujamo bento ukujayeza nokuhlobana kwenye nenye isib. nokuhlobana kwenye nenye isib. nokuhlobana kwenye nenye isib. nokubukela phezu-kwe, phambi-kwe, ngemuva- phezu-kwe, phambi-kwe, ngemuva- phezu-kwe, phambi-kwe, ngemuva- kwe, ngesinceleni, ngesidleni, kwe, ngesinceleni, ngesidleni, phezulu, kwe, ngesinceleni, ngesidleni, phezulu, phezulu, phasi, hlanu-kwe. phasi, hlanu-kwe. phasi, hlanu-kwe. Ubujamo nokubukela Ubujamo nokubukela Ubujamo nokubukela • Ukukhumbula nokumadanisa • Ukukhumbula nokumadanisa • Ukukhumbula nokumadanisa imibono ehlukeneko yezinto imibono ehlukeneko yezinto imibono ehlukeneko yezinto ezifanako zangamalanga. ezifanako zangamalanga. ezifanako zangamalanga • Yitjho into esetjenziswa ngamalanga lokha nawutjengiswa ihlangothi layo elingakajayeleki • Funda, hlathulula begodu ugwale amamebhe angasisemthethweni, nofana ukubona ingaphezulu lebuthelelo lezinto. • Thola izinto emimebheni Ubujamo nekombatjhuba Ubujamo nekombatjhuba Ubujamo nekombatjhuba Ubujamo nekombatjhuba • Ukulandela ikombatjhuba • Ukulandela ikombatjhuba Landela iinlayelo ukukhambakhamba • Landela iinlayelo ukwenzela yokukhambakhamba ngetlasini yokukhambakhamba ngeklasini ngetlasini. ukukhambakhamba ngetlasini, begodu nesikolweni. • Ukulandela umlayezo ubeka into ngokuhlobana kwenye nenye isib. • Nikela iinlayelo ukwenzela beka ipensela ngemuva kwebhoksi. ukukhambakhamba. • Landela iinlayeelo kusuka kwenye indawo ukuya kwenye emebheni ongasingowomthetho. 25 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
IINHLOKO IGREYIDI R IGREYIDI 1 IGREYIDI 2 IGREYIDI 3 3.2 Irherho lezinto Irherho lezinto Irherho lezinto Irherho lezinto 26 Izinto Ukubona nokutjho izinto Ukubona nokutjho izinto Ukubona nokutjho izinto Ukubona nokutjho izinto ezibobusontathu ezibobusontathu (3-D) ezingetlasini ezibobusontathu (3-D) ezingetlasini ezibobusontathu (3-D) ezingetlasini ezibobusontathu (3-D) ezingetlasini neenthombeni neenthombeni neenthombeni neenthombeni (3-D) • Ubujamo bebhola • Ubujamo bebhola (indulungu) • Ubujamo bebhola (indulungu) • Ubujamo bebhola (indulungu) • Ubujamo bebhoksi • Ubujamo bebhoksi (iphrizimu) • Ubujamo bebhoksi (iphrizimu) • Ubujamo bebhoksi (iphrizimu) • Isilinda • Isilinda • Amaphiramidi. • Amakhowuni. Amatshwayo wezinto Amatshwayo wezinto Amatshwayo wezinto Amatshwayo wezinto Hlathulula, hlukanisa ngemihlobo, Hlathulula, hlukanisa ngemihlobo, Hlathulula, hlukanisa ngemihlobo, Ukuhlathulula, ukubeka ngeengaba umadanise izinto ezibusontathu umadanise izinto ezibusontathu (3-D) umadanise izinto ezibusontathu (3-D) nokumadanisa izinto ezibobusontathu (3-D) ngokuya: ngokuya: ngokuya: (3-D) ngokuya nga: • ngobukhulu • ngobukhulu • Ngobukhulu / isayizi • Mabumbeko abobusobubili (2- D) lawo enza ubuso bezinto • ngombala • ngombala • ngezinto ezigedekako ezibobusontathu (3-D) • ngezinto ezigedekako • ngezinto ezigedekako • ngezinto ezitjhelelako • Mabala aparaleleko nofana ajikako. ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 • ngezinto ezitjhelelako • ngezinto ezitjhelelako Imisebenzi enqotjhiweko Imisebenzi enqotjhiweko Imisebenzi enqotjhiweko Imisebenzi enqotjhiweko. • Ukusebenzisa izinto ze 3-D • Ukuyelela nokwakha izinto ze 3-D • Ukuyelela nokwakha izinto ze 3-D • Ukuyelela nokwakha izinto ze 3-D ezifana namabhlogo wokwakha, ngokusebenzisa iinsetjenziswa ngokusebenzisa iinsetjenziswa ngokusebenzisa iinsetjenziswa izinto ezibuyelelweko njll. eziphathekako ezifana amabhlogo eziphathekako ezifana eziphathekako ezifana Ukwakha / ukutlama izinto .Isib wokwakha, izinto ezibuyelelweko, namabumbeko we 2-D asikiweko, namabumbeko we 2-D asikiweko, umbhotjhongo, amabhlorho njll. iinsetjenziswa zokwakha. amabhlogo wokwakha, izinto idaka, iingojwana zamazinyo, ezibuyelelweko, iinsetjenziswa amathunjana wokusela, nezinye zokwakha, nezinye izinto izinto zeJiyomethri ezi 3-D. zeJiyomethri ezi 3-D. ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
IINHLOKO IGREYIDI R IGREYIDI 1 IGREYIDI 2 IGREYIDI 3 3.3 Ukukhumbula, ukubona Iirhemo lamajamo Ubujamo obuhlukeneko. Ubujamo obuhlukeneko. begodu nokutjho ubujamo CAPS Ubujamo Yazi bewutjho ubujamo obubusobubili Yazi bewutjho ubujamo obubusobubili Yazi bewutjho ubujamo obubusobubili obubuso bubili obungetlasini obubusobubili (2-D) (2-D) (2-D) begodu neenthombeni, okufaka (2-D) hlangana: • indulungu • Indulungu • Indulungu a) Amatshwayo wabafundi. • uncantathu • Uncantathu • Uncantathu b) Igama letlasi • isikwere • Isikwere • Isikwere • Uncamane • Uncamane Amatshwayo wamajamo Amatshwayo wamajamo Amatshwayo wamajamo Ukuhlathulula, ukuhlukanisa Ukuhlathulula, ukuhlukanisa Ukuhlathulula, ukuhlukanisa ngemihlobo, nokumadanisa amajamo ngemihlobo nokumadanisa amajamo ngemihlobo nokumadanisa amajamo abobusobubili (2-D) ngokuya ngo/nga: abobusobubili (2-D) ngokuya ngo /nge/ abobusobubili (2-D) ngokuya nge/nga: nga: • bukhulu • jamo • bukhulu • mbala • amahlangothi athwi/anqophileko • jamo • amahlangothi athwi/anqophileko • amahlangothi andulungu/arondo • amahlangothi athwi/anqophileko • amahlangothi andulungu/arondo • amahlangothi andulungu/arondo Gwala amajamo • Iindulungu • Aboncantathu • Iinkwere • Aboncamane 3.4 Isimethri Isimethri Isimethri Isimethri Isimethri • Yazi isimethri ngowakho • Yazi isimethri ngowakho umzimba. • Yazi bewuthale umuda wesimethri • Yazi bewuthale umuda wesimethri umzimba. kumajamo abobusobubili (2-D) kumajamo abobusobubili (2-D) • Yazi bewuthale umuda wesimethri weJiyomethri nalawo angasiwo weJiyomethri kumajamo abobusobubili (2-D) weJiyomethri. weJiyomethri nalawo angasiwo • nalawo angasiwo weJiyomethri. weJiyomethri. • Ukukhetha umuda wesimethri ngokubhinca iphepha nokuveza isiboniso. 27 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UMBONOMAZOMBE WESIGABA ESISISEKELO 4. UKUMEDA 28 Iragelo phambili lokuMeda • Iragelo phambili lokumeda ukweqela kamanye amagreyidi kuphumelele ngokungenisa lokhu : -- Iindlela ezitja zokumeda; -- Amathulusi amatjha wokumeda,ukuthoma ngamathulusi angakahleleki ukuya kunsetjenziswa zeemedo ezihlelekileko zegreyidi 2 neye 3; -- Amayunidi amatjha wokumeda, khulukhulu kugreyidi ye 2 neye 3. • Ukubala nokurarulula imiraro yokumeda kufanele kuveze ilemuko lemisebenzi yeenomboro esele yenziwe. IINHLOKO IGREYIDI R IGREYIDI 1 IGREYIDI 2 IGREYIDI 3 4.1 Ukudlula kwesikhathi Ukudlula kwesikhathi Isikhathi Kukhuluma ngokudlula kwesikhathi Kukhuluma ngokudlula kwesikhathi • Khuluma ngezinto ezenzeka • Hlela izehlakalo eziqhelekileko emini nezinto ezenzeka ebusuku. ezisuke epilweni yabo. • Abafundi balandelanisa • Ukumadanisa ubude besikhathi izehlakalo ezenzeke emini. kusetjenziswa ilimi isib.iskhathi eside, isikhathi esifitjhani, • Ukuhlela izehlakalo ezenzeka masinyana, kabuthaka. ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 njalo emaphilweni wabo. • Ukulandelanisa izehlakalo kusetjenziswa ilimu elifaka nokuthi izolo, namhlanje, kusasa ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
IINHLOKO IGREYIDI R IGREYIDI 1 IGREYIDI 2 IGREYIDI 3 4.1 Ukutjho isikhathi Ukutjho isikhathi Ukutjho isikhathi CAPS Isikhathi • Ukuhlathulula nangabe kwenzeka • Funda amalanga ekhalendeni. into kusetjenziswa ilimi isib. • Ukubeka ekhalendeni amalanga Ekuseni, ngemuva kwedina, wamabeletho, imigidingo yekolo, ebusuku, ekuseni khlu, ngemuva amalanga wamaholideyi, izehlakalo kwesikhathi. zomlando, izehlakalo zesikolo. • Ukutjho nokulandelanisa amalanga • Ukutjho nokulandelanisa amalanga • Ukutjho isikhathi sama iri ali-12 weveke, neenyanga zonyaka. weveke ne Iinyanga zonyaka. -- ngama-iri, • Ukubeka amalanga wamabeletho • Ukubeka ekhalendeni amalanga ekhalendeni wamabeletho, imigidingo yekolo, -- isigamu se-iri amalanga wamaholideyi, izehlakalo -- ikota ye-iri zomlando, izehlakalo zesikolo. -- ngamaminithi • Ukutjho isikhathi ngama-iri ali- 12, isigamu se-iri nekota ye-iri asewatjhini ye-analogo newatjhi yedijithi esisewatjhini ye-analogo. nezinye iintlhabagelo zamadijithi ezitjengisa isikhathi: isib. Umaliledinini. Bala ubude besikhathi nokudlula Bala ubude besikhathi nokudlula kwesikhathi kwesikhathi • Sebenzisa amakhalenda ukubala • Sebenzisa amakhalenda ukubala nokuhlathulula ubude besikhathi nokuhlathulula ubude besikhathi ukuya nga: ukuya nga: -- malanga -- malanga -- mveke. -- mveke -- nyanga. • Ukutjhugululwa hlangana namalanga nemveke • Ukutjhugululwa hlangana kwemveke nenyanga • Sebenzisa iwatjhi ukubala ubude • Sebenzisa amawatjhi ukubala ubude besikhathi ukuya: besikhathi ukuya: -- ngama-iri -- ngama-iri -- nge siquntu se-iri. -- Iinquntu ze-iri. -- Amakota we-iri. 29 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
IINHLOKO IGREYIDI R IGREYIDI 1 IGREYIDI 2 IGREYIDI 3 4.2 Ukumeda okungakahleleki Ukumeda okungakahleleki Ukumeda okungakahleleki Ukumeda okungakahleleki 30 • Ukumadanisa nokuhlela ubude, • Ukumadanisa nokuhlela ubude, Ubude ukuphakama nofana ububanzi ukuphakama nofana ububanzi bezinto ezimbili nofana ezinengi bezinto ezimbili nofana ezinengi ngokuzibeka enye eqadi kwenye. ngokuzibeka enye eqadi kwenye. Ukusebenzisa ilimu ukukhuluma Ukusebenzisa ilimu ukukhuluma nokufanisa Isib.ubude, nokufanisa Isib.ubude, ubufitjhani, ubufitjhani, omude nobubanzi. omude nobubanzi. • Ukulinganisa, ukumeda, • Ukulinganisa, ukumeda, • Ukulinganisa, ukumeda, ukumadanisa, ukuhlela ukumadanisa, ukuhlela ukumadanisa, ukuhlela nokurekhoda bewurekhode ubude usebenzise bewurekhode ubude usebenzise ubude ngokusebenzisa iimedo iimedo ezisezingeni elingakahleleki iimedo ezisezingeni elingakahleleki ezisezingeni elingakahleleki Isib. isib. Ubude besandla, igadango, isib. Ubude besandla, igadango, Izandla, igadango, ubude bepensela, ubude bepensela, izinto zokubala. ubude bepensela, izinto zokubala. izinto zokubala. • Hlathulula ubude bezinto ngokubala • Hlathulula ubude bezinto ngokubala • Hlathulula ubude bezinto ngokubala nokutjho ubude kumayunidi nokutjho ubude kumayunidi nokutjho bona mangaki amayunidi angakahleleki. angakahleleki. wobude angakahleleki abekakhona. Ukwethula ukumeda okuhlelekileko. Ukwethula ukumeda okuhlelekileko. • Ukulinganisa, ukumeda, • Ukulinganisa, ukumeda, ukumadanisa, ukuhlela nokurekhoda ukumadanisa, ukuhlela nokurekhoda ubude ngokusebenzisa amamitha ubude ngokusebenzisa amamitha ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 (kungaba iingodo zamamitha (kungaba iingodo zamamitha namkha namkha iintambo zobude iintambo zobude bamamithara) bamamithara) njenge yunidi yobude njenge yunidi yobude obusezingeni. obusezingeni. • Ukulinganisa nokumeda ubude ngamasentimitha ngokusebenzisa irula. (Ukutjhugululwa hlangana namamitha namasentimitha akufuneki). ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
IINHLOKO IGREYIDI R IGREYIDI 1 IGREYIDI 2 IGREYIDI 3 4.3 Ukulinganisa okungakahleleki Ukulinganisa okungakahleleki Ukulinganisa okungakahleleki kulinganisa okungakahleleki CAPS Ubungako/ • Ukumadanisa nokuhlela • Ukulinganisa, ukumeda, • Ukulinganisa, ukumeda, • Ukulinganisa, ukumeda, ukumadanisa, ubudisi ubudisi bezinto ezimbili namkha ukumadanisa, ukuhlela, ukumadanisa, ukuhlela, ukuhlela, bekurekhodwe ubudisi, ngaphezulu ngokuzizwa bekurekhodwe ubudisi, bekurekhodwe ubudisi, kusetjenziswa kusetjenziswa isikala sokudzimelela namkha ngokusebenzisa isikala kusetjenziswa isikala sokudzimelela isikala sokudzimelela nesilinganiso nesilinganiso esingakahleleki isib. esimedako. nesilinganiso esingakahleleki isib. esingakahleleki isib. amabhlogo,iintina amabhlogo,iintina Amabhlogo, iintina njll. • Hlathulula ubudisi bezinto ngokubala • Hlathulula ubudisi bezinto ngokubala • Hlathulula ubudisi bezinto nokutjho ubudisi bamayunidi nokutjho ubudisi bamayunidi ngokubala nokutjho ubudisi angakahleleki. angakahleleki. bamayunidi angakahleleki. • Ukusebenzisa ilimi ukukhuluma • Ukusebenzisa ilimi ukukhuluma • Ukusebenzisa ilimi ukukhuluma • Ukusebenzisa ilimi ukukhuluma ngokumadanisa isib. ngokumadanisa isib.elula,ebudisi,elula- nokumadanisa Isib. Umkhanyo, ngokumadanisa isib.elula, ebudisi, elula,ebudisi,elula-khulu,ebudisi-khulu khulu,ebudisi-khulu budisi, lula, budisi khulu. elula-khulu, ebudisi-khulu. Ukwethula ukulinganisa Ukwethula ukulinganisa okuhlelekileko okuhlelekileko • Ukumadanisa, ukuhlela • Ukumadanisa, ukuhlela nokurekhoda nokurekhoda ubudisi beempakana ubudisi beempakana zezinto zezinto zerhwebo lezo ubudisi bazo zerhwebo lezo ubudisi bazo bubalwe bubalwekwaphela ngamakiligremu ngamakhilogremu Isib. Isib. Amakhilogremu ama-2 wereyisi -- Amakhilogremu ama-2 wereyisi nekilogremu e-1 yeflowuru. nekhilogremu e-1 yeflowuru. -- Ngamagremu Isib amagremu ama- 500 wetshwayi. • Balinganise ubudisi babo • Balinganise ubudisi babo ngamakhilogremu ngokusebenzisa ngamakhilogremu ngokusebenzisa isikala sangendlini yokuhlambela. isikala sangendlini yokuhlambela. (Ukutjhugululwa hlangana namagremu namakhilogremu akufuneki) 31 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
IINHLOKO IGREYIDI R IGREYIDI 1 IGREYIDI 2 IGREYIDI 3 4.4 Ukumeda okungakahleleki Ukumeda okungakahleleki Ukumeda okungakahlelelwa Ukumeda okungakahlelelwa 32 Umthamo/ • Ukumadanisa nokuhlela • Ukumadanisa nokuhlela Ivolumu ubungako okusamanzi ubungako okusamanzi (umthamo) (umthamo) okuseemumathini okuseemumathini ezimbili ezimbili ezibekwe enye eduze ezibekwe enye eduze kwenye. kwenye. Abafundi bazokuhlola Abafundi bazokuhlola ngokuthela ngokuthela esimumathini esimumathini sesithathu sesithathu nakunesidingo. nakunesidingo. • Ukumadanisa nokuhlela • Ukumadanisa nokuhlela ubungako balokho okusamanzi ubungako balokho okusamanzi okungaphathwa ziimumathi okungaphathwa ziimumathi ezimbili ezimbili nazizalisiweko. nazizalisiweko. (umthamo) • Sebenzisa ilimi ukukhuluma • Sebenzisa ilimi ukukhuluma ngokufana Isib okunengi,okunca ngokufana Isib okunengi, okuncani, ni,okuzeleko,okunganalitho okuzeleko, okunganalitho. • Ukulinganisa, ukumeda, • Ukulinganisa, ukumeda, • Ukulinganisa, ukumeda, ukumadanisa, ukuhlela ukumadanisa, ukuhlela ukumadanisa, ukuhlela bewurekhode nokurekhoda umthamo bewurekhode umthamo umthamo ongeemumathini (Isib. weemumathi ngokusebenzisa weemumathi (Isib. ubunengi ubunengi isimumathi esikghona iimedo ezingakahleleki. Isib isimumathi esikghona ukuphatha ukuphatha nasizalisiweko) ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 Isigobho nekomitjhi nasizalisiweko) ngokusebenzisa ngokusebenzisa izinto zokumeda izinto zokumeda ezingakahleleki isib. ezingakahleleki isib. Iingobho Iingobho neenkomitji. neenkomitji. ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
IINHLOKO IGREYIDI R IGREYIDI 1 IGREYIDI 2 IGREYIDI 3 4.4 • Ukuhlathulula umthamo • Ukuhlathulula umthamo • Ukuhlathulula umthamo wesimumathi wesimumathi ngokubala nookutjho wesimumathi ngokubala nookutjho ngokubala nookutjho bonyana CAPS Umthamo/ bonyana mayunithi amangaki bonyana mayunithi amangaki mayunithi amangaki angakahleleki Ivolumu angakahleleki angazalisa angakahleleki angazalisa isimumathi angazalisa isimumathi isib. Ibhodlelo isimumathi isib. Ibhodlelo isib. Ibhodlelo linomthamo linomthamo weenkomitji ezine. linomthamo weenkomitji ezine. weenkomitji ezine. Ukwethula ukumeda okuhlelekileko. Ukwethula ukumeda okuhlelekileko. • Ukulinganisa, ukumeda, • Ukulinganisa, ukumeda, ukumadanisa, ukuhlela nokurekhoda ukumadanisa, ukuhlela nokurekhoda ubungako bezinto ngokumeda ubungako bezinto ngokumeda ngamalitha. ngamalitha, isiquntu selitha nekota yamalitha • Ukumadanisa, ukuhlela • Ukumadanisa, ukuhlela nokurekhoda nokurekhoda ubungako ubungako beempakana zezinto beempakana zezinto zerhwebo lezo zerhwebo lezo ubungako bazo ubungako bazo bubalwe ngamalitha bubhalwe ngamalitha isib. Ibisi Isib ibisi lamalitha ama-2, isiselo lamalitha ama-2, isiselo selitha selitha e-1, ipende yamalitha ama-5. e-1, ipende yamalitha ama-5 nofana kutlolwe ngamamililitha isib. Ibisi elimamililitha ama-500, isiselo esimamililitha ama -340, i-oli emamililtha ama -750. • Ukwazi bona ubungako bekomitji elingeneko bumamililitha ama-250. • Ukwazi bona ubungako betelebhula elingeneko bumamililitha ama-5 (Ukutjhugululwa hlangana namamililitha namalitha akufuneki). 4.5 Ipherimitha Ipherimitha Ukurhubhulula ubude obuzombelezako nobungako bezinto ezi-2-D nezi 3-D bendawo ngokusebenzisa ukumadanisa okunqophileko namayunidi angakahleleki. Ubungako bendawo Ukurhubhulula ngobungako bendawo 33 ngokusebenzisa ukuthayela. ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UMBONOMAZOMBE WESIGABA ESISISEKELO 5. UKUPHATHA IDATHA 34 Iragelo phambili lokuphatha iDatha. • Iragelo phambili lokuphatha idatha ukweqela kamanye amagreyidi kuphumelele ngoku: -- Ukutjhida ekusebenzeni ngezinto ukuya ekusebenzeni ngedatha, kanye -- Ngokusebenza ngeendlela ezitja zokwethulwa kwedatha. • Abafundi kufanele basebenze ngomzombe wedatha opheleleko okungenani kanye ngonyaka-lokhu kufaka ukubuthelela nokuhlelwa kwedatha, ukujamisela idatha, ukuhlaziya idatha, ukurhumutjha idatha nokubika idatha. • Amanye wamaphuzu wokuphatha idatha angasetjenziswa nemisebenzi ehlukeneko. IINHLOKO IGREYIDI R IGREYIDI 1 IGREYIDI 2 IGREYIDI 3 5.1 Ukubuthelela nokuhlela izinto Ukubuthelela nokuhlela izinto ngemihlobo ngemihlobo Ukubuthelela nokuhlela izinto Ukubuthelela nokuhlela izinto Ukubuthelela nokuhlela izinto ngemihlobo ezibonakalako ngemihlobo ezibonakalako ngemihlobo 5.2 Ukujamiselela ibuthelelo lezinto Ukujamiselela ibuthelelo lezinto elihlelekileko elihlelekileko Ukujamiselela ibuthelelo lezinto Ukugwala iinthombe zezinto Ukugwala iinthombe zezinto ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 elihlelekileko ezibuthelelweko. ezibuthelelweko 5.3 Coca bewubike ngokuhlelwa Coca bewubike ngokuhlelwa kwezinto ezibuthelelweko kwezinto ezibuthelelweko Coca bewubike Phendula imibuzo ngokuthi: • Nikela iinzathu ngokuthi ngokuhlelwa kwezinto • Okubuthelelweko kwahlelwa okubuthelelweko kuhlelwe bunjani. ezibuthelelweko ngemihlobohlobo bunjani? • Phendula imibuzo ngokuthi: (umkhiqizo) -- Ukuhlelwa ngemihlobo kwenziwa • Imigwalo yebuthelelo. bunjani ( indlela yekambiso) -- Okubuthelelweko kwahlelwa ngemihlobohlobo kunjani? (umkhiqizo) • Hlathulula okubuthelelweko nemigwalo ngemihlobo • Hlathululo bona okubuthelelweko kuhlelwe bunjani ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
IINHLOKO IGREYIDI R IGREYIDI 1 IGREYIDI 2 IGREYIDI 3 5.4 Ukubuthelela nokuhlela idatha Ukubuthelela nokuhlela idatha Ukubuthelela nokuhlela idatha CAPS Ukubuthelela • Buthelela idatha yetlasi nofana • Buthelela idatha yetlasi nofana • Buthelela idatha yetlasi nofana nokuhlela idatha yesikolo ukuphendula imibuzo yesikolo ukuphendula imibuzo yesikolo ukuphendula imibuzo ebuzwa ngutitjhere ebuzwa ngutitjhere ebuzwa ngutitjhere • Ukuhlela idatha enikelwe ngutitjhere namkha incwadi yomsebenzi/ incwadi yokufunda • Hlela idatha ukuya nge: -- Amarhelo -- Amathali -- Amathebula 5.5 Ukujamiselela idatha Ukujamiselela idatha Ukujamiselela idatha Ukujamiselela • Ukujamiselela idatha negrafu • Ukujamiselela idatha negrafu • Ukujamiselela idatha kuma idatha yeenthombe. yeenthombe. -- Iphikthografi (Umkhawulo • Umkhawulo weenthombe • Umkhawulo weenthombe weenthombe zegrafu ngokunye zegrafu ngokunye nokunye zegrafu ngokunye nokunye nokunye ngokukhambelana) ngokukhambelana. ngokukhambelana. -- Ibhagrafu 5.6 Hlaziya bewurhumutjhe idatha Hlaziya bewurhumutjhe idatha Hlaziya bewurhumutjhe idatha Ukuhlaziya • Ukuphendula imibuzo ngedatha • Ukuphendula imibuzo ngedatha Ukuphendula imibuzo ngedatha bebarhumutjhe yeemkhawulo esegrafini yeemkhawulo esegrafini ethulwe : idatha yeenthombe ngakunye nakunye yeenthombe ngakunye nakunye • Iphikthografi (Umkhawulo ngokukhambelanako. ngokukhambelanako weenthombe zegrafu ngokunye nokunye ngokukhambelana) • Ibhagrafi 35 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 3.3 Ihlathululo Lokumumethweko Kilesi isigaba sokumumethweko okuhlathululako, utitjhere unikelwe loku: • Umbonomazombe wegreyidi R-3 • Iintjhukumezo zeenhloko ngokulandelanako ngokuya ngamathemu; ingasi woke amahlangothi wezinye iinhloko zoke owafundiswa kiwo woke amthemu. Amanye amahlangothi wezinye iinhloko afuna ukufundiswa ngaphambili kwamanye amahlangothi wezinye iinhloko. • Ibelo elitjhukunyeziweko leenhloko ngonyaka, njengombana okhunye okumumethweko kudinga isikhathi esinengi kunesinye, ngokunjalo ezinye zeenhloko zidinga isikhathi esinengi kunezinye. • Amanothi atlhadlhulako nomhlahlandlela wokufundisa aneembonelo nakufaneleko. Esinye nesinye isigaba sokumumethweko siphulwe saba ziinhloko. Zoke iingaba zokumumethweko kufanele zifundiswe kuwo woke amathemu. Ukulandelaniswa kweenhloko ngokwamathemu kunikela umqondo wokuthi iinhloko zingasabalaliswa bezibuyekezwe unyaka woke. Akukakateleleki ukufundisa zoke iinhloko zeSikhala nobujamo, ukumeda nokuphatha iDatha ngawowoke amathemu, kodwana, zoke iinhloko kufanele zifundiswe phakathi konyaka. Esahlukweni 2 (ipharagrafu 2.6) ukulinganiswa kwesigaba sokumumethweko sinikeliwe. Nange lokhu kuhlanganiswa nama-iri anikelweko ngomnyaka umuntu angabalisisa isikhathi esinikelweko kwesinye nesinye isigaba sokumumethweko. Abotitjhere bangakhetha ukulandelanisa (ukuhlela) nokubeka igadango okumumethweko ngokuhlukileko kunalokho okuphakanyisiweko kilesi isahluko. Abotitjhere bangatjhugulula inani lesikhathi esinikelweko esihlokweni kancani, kodwana kufanele kutjhejwe ukuthathwa kokuhlobana kwama –iri wokulinda nesikhathi esibekiweko sesigaba, sokumumethweko eembalweni nofana esiGabeni esisiSekelo. • EGreyidini -R iMathamethiksi ibunjwe ngendlela omhlobo weembalo ezivumbukako. Ngakho-ke kufanele bona kuyelelwe bonyana akukafaneli kuphulwe kube isikhathi sezifundo. Utitjhe we greyidi R ufanele alukelele iimbalo emisetjenzaneni yabafundi yangamalanga. Nanyana isikhathi sokufundisa iimbalo kufanele sibekelwe lapho utitjhere azokunqopha emisebenzini yokufundisa iimbalo kwaphela, nakungasinjalo abafundi angeke balemuke nofana bathuthukise iminqopho namakgono weembalo. • Isikhathi samagreyidi 1-3 sabiwe ngale indlela -- Ama-iri alikhomba kufanele asetjenziselwe iimbalo ngeveke (10x4 yamathemu x7yama-iri=280 yama- iri ngonyaka). -- Zoke iimfundo zeembalo kufanele zibe li-iri nemizuzu ema 24 ngelanga emagreyidini 1-3. -- Lokhu kutjho ukuthi kunamathemu amane wemveeke ezi-10 ezinamalanga amahlanu (ngomvulo ukuya kulosihlanu) weemfundo ngeveke. -- Thatha iveke ukujayeza nokuhlanganisa njalo ekuthomeni kenye nenye ithemu, njengombana abantwana abancani bakhohlwa okumumethweko okunengi ngesikhathi sokuphumula begodu balahlekelwa naligido lokufunda. Nikela iveke eyodwa njalo ekupheleni kwethemu uhlanganise imiqondo. Lokhu kunikela 8x4x5=160 yeemfundo. 3.4 Ukulandelanisa nokuhlela okuMumethweko Amathebula alandelayo anikelwe igreyidi negreyidi ku R-3. • Ukubeka igadango leenhloko lonyaka woke (kutjengisa ukusabalaliswa kweenhloko ngamathemu woke, bebuphakamise inani lesikhathi okufanelesicithwe kesinye nesinye isihloko sesinye nesinye isgamu sokumumethweko). • Ukulandelanisa iinhloko konyaka woke (kutjengisa bonyana iinhloko zahlukaniswe bunjani ngamathemu nokuragela phambili kokumumethweko namakghono ngokuya ngamathemu). • Amanothi wokuhlathulula ngokuya ngesihloko-amathebula lawo anikela ihlathululo lokumumethweko nomhlahlandlela wokufundiswako yesinye nesinye isihloko njengombana zilandelisiweko emathemini woke. 36 ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 Ukuhlela Isifundo – Ukunikela Isihloko Sethemu Inomboro sihloko esiqakatheke khulu Eembalweni zeSigabeni Esisisekelo. Esikhathini esiningi kwenye nenye iveke, ithemu, nonyaka inqophe eeNomborweni, Ukusebenza Nobudlelwana. Ngokulingeneko, iimfundo eentathu nofana ngaphezulu zeeMbalo kufanele zinqophe eeNomborweni, UkusebenzaNobudlelwana kwenye neneye iveke. Isikhath esiseleko sihlukaniselwa iingaba zokumumethweko ezinye. Isikhala noBujamo nokuMeda zifuna isikhathi esinengi kunokuPhatha iDatha namaPhetheni, amaFanktjhini ne- Aljibhra. Ithebula elingenzasi linikela isitjengiso sokobana ziimfundo ezingaki okufanele zinikelwe esinye nesinye isigaba sokumumethweko nesihloko kwenye nenye igreyidi kuma Phetheni, amaFanktjhini ne-Aljibhra, Isikhala noBujamo, Ukumeda nokuphatha iDatha: • Ukwabela iGreyidi R iingaba zokumumethweko neenhloko eemfundweni Njenge Greyidi R, Iimbalo zithatha ubujamo beMbalo Ezisathomako ngalokho ke isikhathi esilandelako esiphakanyisiweko sinikela zombili izehlakalo zeeMbalo ezinqophileko nemisetjenzana ehlangeneko engakahlelelwa. Lokhu kwenzelwe ukuqinisekisa ukufundiswa ngokuzeleko kwakho koke okumumethweko okukhona. Imisetjenzana yeeMbalo Ezivumbukako kungaba kubala inani lama puleyiti neembhigiri okufanele bazikhuphele ukufaka isibuyisamathe sabo, imidlalo yokubala edlalwa ngaphandle imidlalo yangendlini efana nama Domino namaphazili wejikhsara, njll. Utitjhere kufanele ahlele kuhle yoke imisetjenzana ngokuya ngokweendingo zabantwana bakhe neensetjenziswa ezikhona ngetlasini lakhe. Isikhala noBujamo yingcenye eqakathekileko yokuthuthukisa i-IiMbalo yomfundi omncani begodu kufanele busatjalaliswe iveke yoke, ngezehlakalo ezithize ezinqophileko ngaphasi kokukhokhelwa ngutitjhere, abafundi banikelwe amathuba amanengi wokwakha, ukudlala umdlalo wesanda namanzi. Ukumeda kufanele kufakwe hlangana emisetjenzaneni yokubala, isib. Ukufunisela/ ukulinganisa nokubala lokha kumedwa ibanga ngezandla, iinyawo namagadango. Irejistara yokubakhona netjhadi lobi ujamo bezulu zinikela amathuba aneleko wokusebenza ngokuPhatha iDatha. Ithebula 3.1 Isikhathi esinikelweko ngokuya ngokumumethweko ngeveke Iingaba zokumumethweko Iinhloko Isikhathi Esiphakanyisiweko Iinomboro, Ukubala ama-Opharetjhini Ukukhumbula Inomboro noBudlelwano Ukubona nokurhumutjha iinomboro ezipheleleko imizuzu eli-120 Inomboro oyibona ngamehlo wengcondo Ukurarulula imiraro Amaphetheni, Ukukopulula, ukulula nokutlama amaphetheni wakhe. imizuzu ema-80 amaFanktjhini ne-Aljibhra Isikhala noBujamo Ukukhumbula, nokutjho iinthombe/ibumbeko ezinobujamo (Jiyomethri) obubusobubili (2-D) Amabumbeko weJiyomethri. Ukwakha izinto ezinobujamo abobusontathu (3-D) imizuzu ema-80 usebenzise imatheriyali ephathekako Ubudlelwana bendawo Iinkombatjhuba Ukumeda Isikhathi Ubude imizuzu ema- 80 Imasi / ubungakho/ ubunengi Umthamo Ukuphatha iDatha Ukubuthelela, ukuhlela ngamananeko, ukugwala, ukufunda imizuzu ema-60 nokujamisela idatha. Imizuzu ema - 420 INANI (ama iri ali-7 ngeveke) CAPS 37
ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 • Isabelo seGreyidi yoku-1 sokumumethweko neenhloko zeemfundo emaGreyidini woku-1ukuya kwe-3 Ngokulingeneko iimfundo ezintathu (o.u hlangana kwama-iri ama-4 nama-iri ama-4½) ngeveke zisetjenziselwa iiNomboro, ama-Opharetjhini noBudlelwano emagreyidini woku -1, wesi-2 nawesi-3. Iimfundo ezimbili eziseleko (o.u hlangana kwama-iri ama-2½ nama-iri ama-3) zihlukaniswa hlangana neenhloko zokhunye okumumethwekonukuya ngendlela ekuphakanyiswe ngayo ngenzasi. Ithebula 3.2 Inani leemfundo eliphakanyisiweko ngokuya ngokumumethweko nangeThemu yeGreyidi yoku-1 Inani leemfundo Iingaba zokumumethweko Iinhloko IThemu IThemu IThemu IThemu Inani yoku-1 yesi-2 yesi-3 yesi-4 Iinomboro, ama- Iinhloko zoke zeenomboro, ama- Opharetjhini Opharetjhini noBudlelwano 22 30 28 25 105 Nobudlelwano Amaphetheni weenomboro 3 3 3 3 12 Amaphetheni, amaFanktjhini ne-Aljibhra 1 1 1 1 4 Amaphetheni weJiyomethri Isikhala noBujamo Amajamo abusobubili (2-D) 3 3 6 (Jiyomethri) Izinto ezibusontathu (3-D) 3 2 1 6 Ubujamo, ukujayeza nokubukela 2 1 3 Isimethri 1 1 2 Ukumeda Isikhathi 2 2 Ubude 2 2 4 Ubudisi 2 2 4 Umthamo/iVolumu 1 2 1 4 Ukuphatha iDatha Ukubuthelela, ukuhlela ngemihlobo, 2 1 3 ukujamisela nokurhumutjha izinto. Umzombe wedatha opheleleko 3 3 Iingaba zomzombe wedatha 2 2 Inani leemfundo 40 40 40 40 160 38 ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 Ithebula 3.3 Inani leemfundo eziphakanyisiweko ngokuya ngeGreyidi yesi- 2 Inani leemfundo Iingaba zokumumethweko Iinhloko IThemu IThemu IThemu IThemu Inani yoku-1 yesi-2 yesi-3 yesi-4 Iinomboro, ama- Iinhloko zoke zeenomboro, ama- 24 25 24 26 99 Opharetjhini Nobudlelwano Opharetjhini noBudlelwano Amaphetheni, amaFanktjhini Amaphetheni weenomboro 3 3 3 3 12 ne-Aljibhra Amaphetheni weJiyomethri 1 1 1 1 4 Isikhala noBujamo ubujamo obubusobubili (2-D) 3 3 6 (Jiyomethri) Izinto ezibobusontathu 3 2 1 6 (3-D) Ubujamo, ukujayeza nokubukela 2 1 3 Isimethri 1 1 2 Isikhathi 3 1 3 1 8 Ubude 3 1 4 Ukumeda Ubudisi 3 1 4 Umthamo/iVolumu 3 1 4 Umzombe wedatha opheleleko 3 3 6 Ukuphatha idatha Iingaba zomzombe wedatha 1 1 2 Inani leemfundo 40 40 40 40 160 Ithebula 3.4 Inani leemfundo eziphakanyisiweko ngokuya ngeGreyidi yesi- 3 Inani leemfundo Iingaba zokumumethweko Iinhloko IThemu IThemu IThemu IThemu Inani yoku -1 yesi-2 yesi-3 yesi-4 Iinomboro, ama- Iinhloko zoke zeenomboro, ama- 26 22 19 27 94 Opharetjhini Nobudlelwano Opharetjhini noBudlelwano Amaphetheni, amaFanktjhini Amaphetheni weenomboro 3 3 3 3 12 ne-Aljibhra Amaphetheni weJiyomethri 1 1 1 1 4 Isikhala ubujamo obubusobubili (2-D) 2 2 4 noBujamo(Jiyomethri) Izinto ezibusontathu 3 3 1 7 (3-D) Ubujamo, ukujayeza nokubukela 2 3 5 Isimethri 2 1 3 Isikhathi 3 2 3 2 10 Ubude 2 2 4 Ubudisi 2 1 3 Ukumeda Umthamo/iVolumu 2 1 3 iPherimitha 1 1 Ubungako bendawo 2 2 Umzombe wedatha opheleleko 3 3 6 Ukuphatha idatha Iingaba zomzombe wedatha 1 1 2 Inani leemfundo 40 40 40 40 160 CAPS 39
3.4.1 Umbonomazombe we Greyidi yoku-1ngeThemu 40 UMBONOMAZOMBE WEGREYIDI 1 1.IINOMBORO, AMA-OPHARETJHINI NOBUDLELWANA IINHLOKO ITHEMU 1 ITHEMU 2 ITHEMU 3 ITHEMU 4 UKUTHUTHUKISWA KOMQONDOWENOMBORO: Ukubala ngenomboro ezipheleleko 1.1 Ukubala izinto ngokuthembekako Ukubala izinto ngokuthembekako Ukubala izinto ngokuthembekako Ukubala izinto ngokuthembekako kufika e -10. kufika ema- 20 kufika ema -40 kufika ema -50 Ukubala ngezinto Ukunikela ngokuthembekako Nikela ngokuthembekako isilinganiso Nikela ngokuthembekako isilinganiso Nikela ngokuthembekako isilinganiso isilinganiso senomboro yezinto senomboro yezinto ezingahlolwa senomboro yezinto esingahlolwa senomboro yezinto esingahlolwa ezingahlolwa ngokuzibala ngokubala. ngokubala. ngokubala. Kukhuthazwa ukubala ngeenqhema Kukhuthazwa ukubala ngeenqhema. Kukhuthazwa ukubala ngeenqhema 1.2 Ukubala uye phambili nemuva Ukubala uye phambili nemuva Ukubala uye phambili nemuva Ukubala uye phambili nemuva nga: nga: nga: nga: Ukubala uye phambili nemuva • Kunye ukusuka kinanyana ngiyiphi • Kunye ukusuka kwenye nenye • Kunye ukusuka kwenye nenye • Kunye ukusuka kwenye nenye inomboro hlangana no-1 ukuya inomboro hlangana ne-0 na- 50 inomboro ehlangana ne-0 na-80 inomboro hlangana ne-0 ne-100 ema -20 Ukubala uye phambili nga: Ukubala uye phambili nga: Ukubala uye phambili nga: • Li-10 ukusuka kesinye nesinye • Li-10 ukusuka kesinye nesinye • Li-10 ukusuka kesinye nesinye isibuyabuyelelo se-10 hlangana isibuyabuyelelo se-10 hlangana isibuyabuyelelo se-10 hlangana ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 ne-0 na-50 ne-0 na -80 ne-0 ne-100 • Ku-5 ukusuka kesinye nesinye • Ku-5 ukusuka kesinye nesinye • Ku-5 ukusuka kesinye nesinye isibuyabuyelelo saka ku-5 isibuyabuyelelo saka ku-5 isibuyabuyelelo saka ku-5 hlangana ne-0 na-50 hlangana ne-0 na-80 hlangana ne-0 ne-100 • Ku-2 ukusuka kesinye nesinye • Ku-2 ukusuka kesinye nesinye • Ku-2 ukusuka kesinye nesinye isibuyabuyelelo saka ku- 2 isibuyabuyelelo saka ku- 2 isibuyabuyelelo saka ku- 2 hlangana ne -0 na-20 hlangana ne -0 na-80 hlangana ne -0 ne-100 UKUTHUTHUKISWA KOMQONDO WENOMBORO: Ukujamiselela iinomboro ezipheleleko 1.3 Ukukhumbula, ukufanisa Ukukhumbula, ukufanisa Ukukhumbula, ukufanisa Ukukhumbula, ukufanisa nokufunda iinomboro nokufunda iinomboro nokufunda iinomboro nokufunda iinomboro Amatswayo weenomboro • Khumbula, ufanise begodi ufunde • Khumbula, ufanise begodu ufunde • Khumbula, ufanise begodu ufunde • Khumbula, ufanise begodi ufunde namagama amatshwayo wenomboro ukusuka amatshwayo wenomboro ukusuka amatshwayo wenomboro ukusuka amatshwayo wenomboro ukusuka weenomboro ku-1 ukuya ku-20 ku-1 ukufika ku-50 ku-1 ukufika ku-80 ku-1 kuya ku-100. • Tlola amatshwayo wenomboro • Tlola amatshwayo wenomboro • Tlola amatshwayo wenomboro • Tlola amatshwayo wenomboro ukusuka ku-1 ukuya ku-5 ukusuka ku-1 ukufika ku-10 ukusuka ku-1 ukufika ku-20 ukusuka ku-1 ukuya ku-20 • Khumbula,ufanise begodu ufunde • Khumbula, ufanise begodu ufunde • Khumbula, ufanise begodu ufunde • Khumbula, ufanise begodu ufunde ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) amagama wenomboro ukusuka amagama weenomboro ukusuka amagama weenomboro ukusuka amagama wenomboro ukusuka ku-1 ukuya ku-5 ku-1 ukufika ku-10. ku-1 ukufika ku-10. ku-1 ukuya ku -10. • Tlola amagama wenomboro • Tlola amagama weenomboro • Tlola amagama wenomboro • Tlola amagama wenomboro ukusuka ku-1 ukuya ku-5 ukusuka ku-1 ukufika ku-10. ukusuka ku-1 ukufika ku-10 ukusuka ku-1 ukufika ku-10
IINHLOKO ITHEMU 1 ITHEMU 2 ITHEMU 3 ITHEMU 4 UKUTHUTHUKISWA KOMQONDO WENOMBORO: Ukuhlathulula, ukumadanisa nokuhlela iinomboro 1.4 Ukuhlathulula, ukumadanisa Ukuhlathulula, ukumadanisa Ukuhlathulula, ukumadanisa Ukuhlathulula, ukumadanisa CAPS begodu nokuhlela izinto ukufikela begodu nokuhlela izinto ukufikela begodu nokuhlela izinto ukufikela begodu nokuhlela izinto ukufikela Ukuhlathulula, ku-5 e-10 ku -15 ku -20 ukumadanisa begodu nokuhlela iinomboro • Ukumadanisa izinto • Ukumadanisa izinto • Ukumadanisa izinto • Ukumadanisa izinto ezibuthelelweko kuya ngobunengi ezibuthelelweko kuya ngobunengi ezibuthelelweko kuya ngobunengi ezibuthelelweko kuya ngobunengi ezimbalwa; ngobunengi khulu, ezimbalwa; ngobunengi khulu, ezimbalwa; ngobunengi khulu, ezimbalwa; ngobunengi khulu, ncanikhulu; nengi -kuna, ncani- ncanikhulu; nengi -kuna, ncani- ncanikhulu; nengi -kuna, ncani- ncanikhulu; nengi -kuna, ncani- kuna; lingana na, ngobunengi, kuna; lingana na, ngobunengi, kuna; lingana na, ngobunengi, kuna; lingana na, ngobunengi, obufana, okuhlukileko. obufana, okuhlukileko. obufana, okuhlukileko. obufana, okuhlukileko. • Hlela izinto ezibuthelelweko • Hlela izinto ezibuthelelweko • Hlela izinto ezibuthelelweko • Hlela izinto ezibuthelelweko kusuka kezinengi khulu kuya kusuka kezinengi khulu kuya kusuka kezinengi khulu kuya kusuka kezinengi khulu kuya kezincanikhulu nokusuka kezincanikhulu nokusuka kezincanikhulu nokusuka kezincanikhulu nokusuka kezincanikhulu ukuya kezincanikhulu ukuya kezincanikhulu ukuya kezincanikhulu ukuya kezikulukhulu kezikulukhulu kezikulukhulu kezikulukhulu Hlathulula, umadanise, uhlele Hlathulula, umadanise, uhlele Hlathulula, umadanise, uhlele Hlathulula, umadanise, uhlele neenomboro ukufika ku-20 neenomboro ukufika ku-5 neenomboro ukufika ku-10 neenomboro ukufika ku-15 • Hlathulula, umadanise iinomboro • Hlathulula, umadanise iinomboro • Hlathulula, umadanise iinomboro • Hlathulula, umadanise iinomboro ezipheleleko ngokuya ngobuncani- ezipheleleko ngokuya ngobuncani- ezipheleleko ngokuya ngobuncani- ezipheleleko ngokuya ngobuncani- kuna, ngobukhulu-kuna, kuna, ngobukhulu-kuna, kuna, ngobukhulu-kuna, kuna, ngobukhulu-kuna, ngobunengi-kuna, ngaphasi kuna ngobunengi-kuna, ngaphasi kuna ngobunengi-kuna, ngaphasi kuna ngobunengi-kuna, ngaphasi kuna nangokulingana nangokulingana nangokulingana nangokulingana • Hlathulula bewuhlele neenomboro • Hlathulula bewuhlele neenomboro • Hlathulula bewuhlele neenomboro • Hlathulula bewuhlele neenomboro -- Ukusuka ngencani-khulu ukufika kekulukulu nokusuka kekulukulu -- Ukusuka ngencani-khulu ukufika -- Ukusuka ngencani-khulu ukufika -- Ukusuka ngencani-khulu ukufika kufika kencanikhulu kekulukulu nokusuka kekulukulu kekulukulu nokusuka kekulukulu kekulukulu nokusuka kekulukulu kufika kencanikhulu kufika kencanikhulu kufika kencanikhulu -- Ngaphambi, ngemuva, phakathi nofana nahlangana -- Sebenzisa inambalayini ka: 1 - 5 -- Ngaphambi, ngemuva, phakathi -- Ngaphambi, ngemuva, phakathi -- Sebenzisa inambalayini ka:0 - nofana nahlangana nofana nahlangana 20 -- Sebenzisa inambalayini ka:0 - -- Sebenzisa inambalayini ka:0 - Sebenzisa iinomborosikhundla 10 15 ukukhombisa ukuhlela, indawo nofana ubujamo benomboro. • Beka izinto ngokwerhemo kusuka kweyokuthoma ukufika kweyesumi, nofana kweyokuthoma kufika kweyokuphela. Isib. Yokuthoma, yesibili, yesithathu...... yesumi, kweyokuphela. 41 • Iinomborosikhundla zerherho lokuthoma kufika etjhumini ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
IINHLOKO ITHEMU 1 ITHEMU 2 ITHEMU 3 ITHEMU 4 UKUTHUTHUKISWA KOMQONDO WENOMBORO: Ubukhulu bedijithi 42 1.5 Khumbula ubukhulu bedijithi Khumbula ubukhulu bedijithi i-11 beenomboro i-11 ukufika e-15 ukufika e-19. Ubukhulu bedijithi • Phulalaza inomboro zamadijithi • Phulalaza inomboro zamadijithi amabili ngesumi nangayinye/imivo amabili ngesumi nangayinye/imivo isib.12 li 10 na 2 isib.18 li 10 na 8 SOMBULULA IMIRARO ESEBUJAMENI 1.6 Sebenzisa amathekhiniki alandelako Sebenzisa amathekhiniki alandelako Sebenzisa amathekhiniki alandelako Sebenzisa amathekhiniki alandelako nawurarulula imiraro uhlathulule nawurarulula imiraro uhlathulule nawurarulula imiraro uhlathulule nawurarulula imiraro uhlathulule Amathekhiniki neensombululo: neensombululo: neensombululo: neensombululo: wokurarulula imiraro • Ama-apharethasi aphathekako • Ama-apharethasi aphathekako • Ama-apharethasi aphathekako • Ama-apharethasi aphathekako isib. izinto zokubala isib. izinto zokubala isib. izinto zokubala isib. izinto zokubala • Iinthombe ezisetjenziselwa • Iinthombe zokugwala iimbalo • Iinthombe zokugwala iimbalo • Iinthombe zokugwala iimbalo ukwenza iindatjhana zeembalo. zendatjhana zendatjhana zendatjhana • Amanambalayini ezisekelwe • Ukwakha nokuphula iinomboro • Ukwakha nokuphula iinomboro • Ukwakha nokuphula iinomboro ma- apharethasi aphathekako • Ukubuyelela nokuqunta phakathi • Ukubuyelela nokuqunta phakathi • Ukubuyelela nokuqunta phakathi njengemincanyana yokubala • Amanambalayini ezisekelwe • Amanambalayini ezisekelwe • Amanambalayini ezisekelwe ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 ma- apharethasi aphathekako ma- apharethasi aphathekako ma- apharethasi aphathekako njengemincanyana yokubala njengemincanyana yokubala njengemincanyana yokubala 1.7 Rarulula imiraro yamagama Rarulula imiraro yamagama Rarulula imiraro yamagama Rarulula imiraro yamagama ezisebujameni bewuhlathulule ezisebujameni bewuhlathulule ezisebujameni bewuhlathulule ezisebujameni bewuhlathulule Ukuhlanganisa iinsombululo zakho zemiraro iinsombululo zakho zemiraro iinsombululo zakho zemiraro iinsombululo zakho zemiraro nokukhupha ezifaka ukuhlanganisa nokukhupha ezifaka ukuhlanganisa nokukhupha ezifaka ukuhlanganisa nokukhupha ezifaka ukuhlanganisa nokukhupha nempendulo ukufika ku-5 nempendulo ukufika e-10. nempendulo ukufika e-15. nempendulo ukufika e-20. 1.8 Rarulula imiraro yamagama Rarulula imiraro yamagama Rarulula imiraro yamagama ezisebujameni bewuhlathulule ezisebujameni bewuhlathulule ezisebujameni bewuhlathulule Ukuhlanganisa iinsombululo zakho zemiraro, ezifaka iinsombululo zakho zemiraro, ezifaka iinsombululo zakho zemiraro, ngokubuyelela ukuhlanganisa okubuyelelweko ukuhlanganisa okubuyelelweko ezifaka ukuhlanganisa okubuyelel- okurholela nempendulo ukufika e-10. nempendulo ukufika e-15. weko nempendulo ukufika e-20 ekubuyabuyeleleni 1.9 Ukurarulula imiraro yamagama Ukurarulula imiraro yamagama Ukurarulula imiraro yamagama Ukurarulula imiraro yamagama ezisebujameni bewuhlathulule esebujameni bewuhlathulule ezisebujameni bewuhlathulule ezisebujameni bewuhlathulule Ukubuthelela iinsombululo zakho ufake iinsombululo zakho zemiraro iinsombululo zakho ufake iinsombululo zakho ufake ngeenqhema ukwabelana ngokulingana okufaka hlangana ukwabelana ukwabelana ngokulingana ukwabelana ngokulingana nokwabelana nokubuthelela ngeenqhema ngokulingana nokubuthelela nokubuthelela ngeenqhema nokubuthelela ngeenqhema ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) okurholela kweenomboro ezipheleleko ukufika ngeenqhema kweenomboro kweenomboro ezipheleleko ukufika kweenomboro ezipheleleko ukufika ekuhlukaniselaneni ku-5 kanye nempendulo ezingahle ezipheleleko ukufika ema-10 e-15 kanye nempendulo ezingahle e-20 kanye nempendulo ezingahle zifaka iinsalela kanye nempendulo ezingahle zifaka zifaka iinsalela zifaka iinsalela iinsalela
IINHLOKO ITHEMU 1 ITHEMU 2 ITHEMU 3 ITHEMU 4 1.11 • Khumbula bewufanise imali • Khumbula bewufanise imali • Khumbula bewufanise imali eziinhlavu zeSowula Afrika : eziinhlavu zeSowula Afrika : eziinhlavu zeSowula Afrika: CAPS Imali • 5c, 10c, 20c, 50c, R1, R2; R5 • 5c, 10c, 20c, 50c, R1, R2; R5 -- 5c, 10c, 20, 50c, R1, R2;R5 Imali yamaphepha ama R10 • Sombulula imiraro efaka hlangana • Sombulula imiraro efaka hlangana nama R20 amanani wemali netjhentjii ye R10 amanani wemali netjhentjii ye R20 neyamasende ukufika ku-20c neyamasende ukufika ku-20c • Sombulula imiraro yemali efaka hlangana amanani wemali netjhentjil yama R20 namasende ukufika ku-20c UKUBALA OKUSEBUJAMENI OBUTJHAPHULUKILEKO 1.12 Sebenzisa amathekhiniki alandelayo Sebenzisa amathekhiniki alandelayo Sebenzisa amathekhiniki alandelayo Sebenzisa amathekhiniki alandelayo nawubalisisako nawubalisisako nawubalisisako nawubalisisako Amathekhiniki • Ama-apharethasi aphathekako • Ama-apharethasi aphathekako • Ama-apharethasi aphathekako • Ama-apharethasi aphathekako (Iindlela namaqhinga) njengezinto zokubala njengezinto zokubala njengezinto zokubala njengezinto zokubala • Gwala iinthombe • Gwala iinthombe • Gwala iinthombe • Gwala iinthombe • Amanambalayini ezisekelwe • Ukwakha bewuphadhle iinomboro • Ukwakha bewuphadhle iinomboro • Ukwakha bewuphadhle iinomboro ama-apharethasi aphathekako • Ukubuyelela nokuhafula phakathi • Ukubuyelela nokuhafula phakathi • Ukubuyelela nokuhafula phakathi njengemincamo yokubala • Amanambalayini ezisekelwe • Amanambalayini ezisekelwe • Amanambalayini ezisekelwe ama-apharethasi aphathekako ama-apharethasi aphathekako ama-apharethasi aphathekako njengemincamo yokubala njengemincamo yokubala njengemincamo yokubala 1.13 Irherho leenomboro: 1 - 5 Irherho leenomboro: 1 - 10 Irherho leenomboro: 1 - 15 Irherho leenomboro: 1 - 20 Ukuhlanganisa • Ukuhlanganisa kufika ku- 5 • Hlanganisa ukufika ku-10 • Hlanganisa ukufika ku-15 • Hlanganisa ukufika ku-20 nokukhupha • Ukukhupha kusuka ku-5 • Khupha ukufika ku- 10 • Khupha e- 15 • Khupha ema- 20 • Ngokwenza bhala iinamba bhondi • Sebenzisa amatshwayo afaneleko • Sebenzisa amatshwayo afaneleko • Sebenzisa amatshwayo afaneleko kufikela ku- 5 (+, –, =, ) (+, –, =, ) (+, –, =, ) • Ukuzijayeza inambabhondi kufika • Ukuzijayeza inambabhondi kufika • Ukuzijayeza inambabhondi kufika ku-7 ku-9 ku-10 1.14 • Hlanganisa ngokubuyelela • Hlanganisa ngokubuyelela • Hlanganisa ngokubuyelela (o.k.inomboro efanako) kufika (o.k.inomboro efanako) kufika (o.k.inomboro efanako) kufika Ukuhlanganisa ku-10 ku-15 ku-20 ngokubuyelela okurholela • Sebenzisa amatshwayo afaneleko • Sebenzisa amatshwayo afaneleko • Sebenzisa amatshwayo afaneleko (+, –, =, ) (+, –, =, ) (+, –, =, ) ekubuyabuyeleleni 43 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
IINHLOKO ITHEMU 1 ITHEMU 2 ITHEMU 3 ITHEMU 4 1.16 Umqondonomboro: Irherho Umqondonomboro: Irherho Umqondonomboro: Irherho Umqondonomboro: Irherho 44 leenomboro kufika ku- 5 leenomboro kufika ku- 10 leenomboro kufika ku-15 leenomboro kufika ku- 20 Iimbalo zehloko • Hlela isethi yeenomboro • Hlela isethi yeenomboro • Hlela isethi yeenomboro • Hlela isethi yeenomboro ezikhethiweko ozinikelweko ezikhethiweko ozinikelweko ezikhethiweko ozinikelweko ezikhethiweko ozinikelweko • Madanisa iinomboro kufika ku-5, • Madanisa iinomboro ukufikela • Madanisa iinomboro ukufikela • Madanisa iinomboro ukufikela utjho bonyana ngiyiphi enengi e-10 bewutjho bonyana ngiyiphi e-15 bewutjho bonyana ngiyiphi e-20 bewutjho bonyana ngiyiphi nga-1 nofana encani nga-2. enengi nga-1 nephasi nga-2 enengi nga-1 nephasi nga-2 enengi nga-1 nephasi nga-2 Ukukhumbula msinyana: Ukukhumbula msinyana: • Inomboribhondi ukufika ku-5 • Inombori bhondi ukufika ku-10 • Khumbula amaphuzu wamambala • Khumbula amaphuzu wamambala wokuhlanganisa nokukhupha wokuhlanganisa nokukhupha kufika ku-5 kufika ku-10 Amaqhinga wokubalisisa Amaqhinga wokubalisisa Sebenzisa amaqhinga wokubala Sebenzisa amaqhinga wokubala nawu hlanganisako nokukhupha nawu hlanganisako nokukhupha ngokuphumelela: ngokuphumelela: • Beka inomboro ekulu ekuthomeni • Beka inomboro ekulu ekuthomeni ukuze ukwazi ukubala uye ukuze ukwazi ukubala uye ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 phambili nemuva. phambili nemuva. • Amanambalayini • Amanambalayini • Ukubuyelela nokuhafula phakathi • Ukubuyelela nokuhafula phakathi • Ukwakha nokuphula • Ukwakha nokuphula ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 Imihlobo yemiraro yeGreyidi yuku-1 Iimbonelo lezi zemiraro ziqakathekile kufanele utitjhere azethule ngokuzibuyelela njalo etlasini lakhe. Nangabe utitjhere usebenza ngesiqhema esincani, kufanele aveze umraro ngokukhuluma. Nangabe abafundi bayakwazi uku- funda utitjhere angabanikela umraro otloliweko, nokho utitjhere kusafanele aveze umraro ngokukhuluma. Imiraro esebujameni ingafakwa emaphepheni wabantwana wokusebenzela nokho ifanele ibe mifitjhani,inqophe, bekube ngejayelekileko nofana ngevamileko begodu utitjhere ufanele aqinisekise bonyana boke abafundi bayayiz- wisisa. Ukubuthelela ngeenqhema Ukubuthelela ngeenqhema , ukulahla isalela UZimkhona uthengisa amahabhula ngemigodla, ufaka amahabhula ngamathathu emgodleni. Unamahabhula ali- 14. Wenza imigodla emigodla emingaki yamahabhula nakakhamba ngamathathu?enamahabhula ngamathathu emgodleni. Ukubuthelela ngeenqhema, ukungenisa isalela ependulweni UKosabo ufuna ukuyokupha ugogo wakhe amaqanda ali-15. ngemabhoksini afaka -6 yamaqanda, uzokudinga amabhoksi amangaki ukufaka woke amaqanda anawo? Ukwabelana Ukwabelana, ukulahla isalela Hlukanisa amaswidi ayi-14, hlukanisela abangani abathathu amaswidi ngokulinganako. Ukuhlanganisa ngokubuyelela Iintsikiri ezi-4 zinamavilo amangaki? Ukuhlanganisa nokukhupha Kunemihlobo emithathu yemiraro esisekelo yokuhlanganisa nokukhupha, omunye nomunye umraro ungabuzwa ngendlela ehlukileko imihlobo esisekelo ngile: Itjhuguluko UNoluthando beka namahabhula ama-5. USilo wamupha amahabhula a-8. Mangaki amahabhula anawo uNoluthando sewawoke? UNoluthando bekanamahabhula ali-13, wapha uSilo amahabhula ama-5.UNoluthando usele namahabhula amangaki? Ukuhlanganisa UNosisi unabomabula abahlanu abahlaza kotjani , nababunane abahlaza kwesibhakabhaka. Bangaki abomabula anabo sebaboke? CAPS 45
ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 Ukumadanisa UNombuso unamabhanana ali-13. UThemba unamahlanu, uNombuso unabhanana amanengi kangangani kunoka Themba? Ukubuza omunye nomunye umraro ngendlela ehlukileko Imiraro ifanele ibuzwe ngendlela ehlukileko. Isib. Yomibili imiraro le miraro etjhugulukileko, kodwana okungaziwako kusendaweni ezihlukeneko. UNoluthando bekanamahabhula. USilo wamupha abu-8 ngaphezulu. Kwanjesi sele anamahabhula ali-13. UNoluthando bekanamahaghula amangaki ekuthomeni? UNoluthando bekanamahabhula amahlanu. USilo umupha amanye amahabhula. UNoluthando sele anamahabhula ali-13. Mangaki amahabhula awaphiwe ngu Silo? Ubujamo bemiraro noBudlelwana bemisebenzi ehlukileko UNino uthengisa amahotdog nge R4 ngayinye.Yenza ithebula elizomsiza ukuthola inani le- oda ekulu. Inomboro yama Hotdogo 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Inani ngama R 4 8 Sebenzisa ithebula lokuthola inani lama hotdogi alikhomba. Lemihlobo yemiraro engehla inikelelwe ukurhola abotitjhere.Abafundi abangathweswa umthwalo ngemihlobo yamagama. Yelela bonyana abafundi ngasikhathi basebenzisa iindlela ezihlukileko ukusombulula umraro okungahle kungabi ngilokho utitjhere ebekakulindele. 46 ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
UMBONOMAZOMBE WEGREYIDI 1 2. AMAPHETHENI,AMAFANKTJHINI NE-ALJIBHRA CAPS IINHLOKO ITHEMU 1 ITHEMU 2 ITHEMU 3 ITHEMU 4 2.1 Ukukopa bewungezelele Ukukopa , ungezelele Ukukopa , ungezelele Amaphatheni asemaqadi nathi bewuhlathulule bewuhlathulule Amaphetheni Ukukopa bewungezelele ukukhomba, uhlathulula ngamagama wejiyomethri amaphetheni alula ngokusebenzisa: Ukukopa, ungezelele bewuhlathulule Ukukopa , ungezelele bewukope amaphetheni wejiyomtri ngamagama bewuhlathulule ngamagama • Izinto ezithintekako • Ngokwemvelo • Amaphetheni alula enziwe • Amaphetheni alula enziwe • Imigwalo (isib. sebenzisa imibala • Kusukela epilweni yangamalanga ngezinto ezithintekako ngezinto ezithintekako namajamo) yesimodeni, • Amaphetheni alula enziwe • Amaphetheni alula enziwe • Asuka kwilifa lamasiko wethu ngemigwalo yemida, ubujamo ngemigwalo yemida, ubujamo nafana izinto. nafana izinto. Tlama begodu uhlathulule Tlama begodu uhlathulule Tlama begodu uhlathulule amaphetheni wakho amaphetheni wakho amaphetheni wakho • Yenza amaphetheni weJiyomethri • Yenza amaphetheni weJiyomethri • Yenza amaphetheni weJiyomethri -- Ngezinto ezithintekako -- Ngezinto ezithintekako -- Ngezinto ezithintekako -- Ngokugwala imida, amajamo -- Ngokugwala imida, amajamo -- Ngokugwala imida, amajamo nofana izinto nofana izinto nofana izinto • Hlathulula amaphetheni wakho • Hlathulula amaphetheni wakho • Hlathulula amaphetheni wakho Imisebenzi yokulandelanisa ephakanyisiweko Thoma ukukopa bewungezelele amaphetheni usebenzise izinto ezithintekako angabe abafundi sebayajayela ukusebenzisa amakrayoni nempensela, thoma ukukopa ungezelele amaphetheni ngokugwala. 47 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
IINHLOKO ITHEMU 1 ITHEMU 2 ITHEMU 3 ITHEMU 4 2.2 Ukukopa, ukungezelela Ukukopa, ukungezelela Ukukopa, ukungezelela Ukukopa, ukungezelela 48 nokuhlathulula nokuhlathulula nokuhlathulula nokuhlathulula Amaphetheni weenomboro Ukukopa, ungezelele bewuhlathulule Ukukopa, ungezelele bewuhlathulule Ukukopa, ungezelele bewuhlathulule Ukukopa, ungezelele bewuhlathulule iinomboro ezilula ngokuzilandelanisa iinomboro ezilula ngokuzilandelanisa iinomboro ezilula ngokuzilandelanisa iinomboro ezilula ngokuzilandelanisa kufika okungasenani ku-20. kufika okungasenani ku -50 kufika okungasenani ku -80 kufika okungasenani ku -100. Ukulandelanisa ukhombise ukubala Ukulandelanisa ukhombise ukubala Ukulandelanisa ukhombise ukubala Ukulandelanisa ukhombise ukubala uye phambli nasemuva nga: uye phambli nasemuva nga: uye phambli nasemuva nga: uye phambli nasemuva nga: • Ku-1 ukusuka kwenye nenye • Ku-1 ukusuka kwenye nenye • Ku-1 ukusuka kwenye nenye • Ku-1 ukusuka kwenye nenye inomboro hlangana ne-0 na-20 inomboro hlangana ne-0 na-50 inomboro hlangana ne-0 na-80 inomboro hlangana ne-0 ne-100 Ukubala uye phambili nga: Ukubala uye phambili nga: Ukubala uye phambili nga: • Li-10 ukusuka kesinye nesinye • Li-10 ukusuka kesinye nesinye • Li-10 ukusuka kesinye nesinye isibuyabuyelelo se-10 hlangana isibuyabuyelelo se-10 hlangana isibuyabuyelelo se-10 hlangana ne-0 na-50 ne-0 na-80 ne-0 ne-100 • Ku-5 ukusuka kesinye nesinye • Ku-5 ukusuka kesinye nesinye • Ku-5 ukusuka kesinye nesinye isibuyabuyelelo saka ku-5 isibuyabuyelelo saka ku-5 isibuyabuyelelo saka ku-5 hlangana ne-0 na-50 hlangana ne-0 na-80 hlangana ne-0 ne-100 • Ku-2 ukusuka kesinye nesinye • Ku-2 ukusuka kesinye nesinye • Ku-2 ukusuka kesinye nesinye isibuyabuyelelo saka ku-2 isibuyabuyelelo saka ku-2 isibuyabuyelelo saka ku-2 hlangana ne -0 na-50 hlangana ne -0 na-80 hlangana ne -0 ne-100 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 Yakha bewuhlathulule Yakha bewuhlathulule Yakha bewuhlathulule amaphetheni wakho amaphetheni wakho amaphetheni wakho • Yakha bewuhlathulule • Yakha bewuhlathulule amphetheni • Yakha bewuhlathulule amaphetheni wakho wakho amaphetheni wakho ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
UMBONOMAZOMBE WEGREYIDI YOKU-1 3. ISIKHALA NOBUJAMO (JIYOMETHRI) CAPS IINHLOKO ITHEMU 1 ITHEMU 2 ITHEMU 3 ITHEMU 4 3.1 Ilimi lobujamo Ilimi lobujamo Ubujamo, Hlathulula ubujamo bento Hlathulula ubujamo bezinto ukuzijayeza nokuhlobana kwenye nenye isib. nokuhlobana kwenye nenye isib. nokubukela phezu-kwe, phambi-kwe, ngemuva- phezu-kwe, phambi-kwe, ngemuva kwe, ngesinceleni, ngesidleni, -kwe, ngesinceleni, ngesidleni, phezulu, phasi, hlanu-kwe. phezulu, phasi, hlanu-kwe. Ubujamo nekombatjhuba Ubujamo nekombatjhuba • Ukulandela ikombatjhuba • Ukulandela ikombatjhuba yokukhambakhamba ngeklasini yokukhambakhamba ngeklasini • Ukulandela umlayezo ubeka into • Ukulandela umlayezo ubeka into ngokuhlobana kwenye nenye ngokuhlobana kwenye nenye isib.beka ipensela ngaphakathi isib.beka ipensela ngaphakathi kwebhoks. kwebhoks. Isitjhukumiso esinqophileko Isitjhukumiso esinqophileko sokulandelanisa umsebenzi sokulandelanisa umsebenzi weThemu yoku-1 weThemu yesi-4 • Ilimi lobujamo lifanele lithulwe • Ukusebenza ngobujamo nelayelo ngendlela ezokufaka abafundi kungaletha ndawonye ngokutlola ngokwenza kokusikinya umzimba nangokurekhoda njengokugwala, ukukhrayona nofana ukumadanisa • Lokhu kungaletha ndawonye imidwebo ngamagama ngokutlola nangokurekhoda njengokugwala, ukukhrayona • Elinye nelinye ilimi lobujamo lifanele nofana ukumadanisa imidwebo lithulwe ngendlela ezokufaka ngamagama. abafundi ngokwenza kokusikinya umzimba • Sebenzisa ilimi lobujamo elifundweko nawulandela ilayelo/ • Ilayelo/ikombatjhuba yokwenza iinkombatjhuba. kufanele iphrakthiswe ngokusikinya umzimba lapho abafundi bazisikinya • Ilayelo/indlela yokwenza kufanele khona ngokukhupha izinto iphrakthiswe ngokusikinya umzimba njengokutjho komlayezo. lapho abafundi bazisikinya khona ngokukhupha izinto njengokutjho Ubujamo nokubona komlayezo. • Metjhisa imibono ehlukeneko yezinto zangamalanga ezifanako. 49 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
IINHLOKO ITHEMU 1 ITHEMU 2 ITHEMU 3 ITHEMU 4 3.2 Irherho lezinto Irherho lezinto Irherho lezinto 50 Ukubona nokutjho izinto Izinto ezibusontathu (3-D)ezingetlasini Ukubona nokutjho izinto Ukubona nokutjho izinto ezibusontathu neenthombeni ezibusontathu (3-D)ezingetlasini ezibusontathu (3-D) ezingetlasini • Ubujamo bebhola (indulungu) neenthombeni neenthombeni (3-D) • Ubujamo bebhoksi (iphrizimu) • Ubujamo bebhola (indulungu) • Ubujamo bebhola (indulungu) Amatshwayo wezinto • Ubujamo bebhoksi (iphrizimu) • Ubujamo bebhoksi (iphrizimu) Hlathulula, hlukanisa ngemihlobo, umadanise izinto ezibusontathu Amatshwayo wezinto Amatshwayo wezinto (3-D) ngokuya ngo: Hlathulula, hlukanisa ngemihlobo, Hlathulula, hlukanisa ngemihlobo, • bukhulu umadanise izinto ezibusontathu umadanise izinto ezibusontathu (3- • nangombala D) ngokuya: Imisetjhenzana enqophako (3-D) ngokuya: Ukubukela nokwakha izinto • ngobukhulu • ngobukhulu ezibusontathu (3-D) usebenzise • ngombala amametheriyeli aphathekako njenge: • ngombala amabhlogo wokwakha, imitheriyeli • ngezinto ezigedekako esebenzileko ibuye isetjhenziswe, • ngezinto ezigedekako izinto zokusebenza. • ngezinto ezitjhelelako • ngezinto ezitjhelelako Isitjhukumiso esinqophileko nokulandelisana umsetjhenzana weThemu yoku-1 • Ngesikhathi esitjhaphulukileko ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 kudlalwa ngezinto ezihlukeneko ezibusontathu (3-D). Kwakhiwa izinto ozithandako ngokusebenzisa Isitjhukumiso esinqophileko Isitjhukumiso esinqophileko amabhlogo, izinto zokusebenza nokulandelisana weThemu yesi-4 zokwakha nofana amamethiriyali nokulandelisana umsetjhenzana asebenzile abuyelelwe weThemu yesi-3 asetjenziswa. Lokhu kungenziwa ngesikhathi sokuzijamela. • Sebenza ngembholo nangezinto • Kopa imifaniso yezinto ozinikelwe ezinobujamo obufana nobembholo, ngutitjhere, lokhu kungenziwa nangamabhoksi, nangezinto ngesikhathi sokuzijamela. ezinobujamo bephrizimu • Madanisa ubukhulu bezinto kancamane nofana amakhyubhi. ezifanako isib.itjho bonyana ngiyiphi Qalisisa bonyana ngiziphi izinto ibholo ekulu. ezigedekako, ezitjhelelako, • Khuluma ngemibala yezinto ezingapakelana. bewuhlukanise izinto lezo nangemibala yazo. • Fanisa bewuhlathulule izinto • Fanisa bewuhlathulule izinto eziyiJiyomethri nezinto eziyiJiyomethri nezinto zangamalanga ngokutjho bonyana zangamalanga ngokutjho bonyana ubujamo bazo bunjengebholo ubujamo bazo bunjengebholo ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) nofana njengebhoksi. nofana njengebhoksi. • Umsebenzi uyahlanganiswa • Umsebenzi uyahlanganiswa • Umsebenzi uyahlanganiswa ngokutlola imisetjhenzana ngokutlola imisetjhenzana ngokutlola imisetjhenzana ehleliweko. ehleliweko. ehleliweko.
IINHLOKO ITHEMU 1 ITHEMU 2 ITHEMU 3 ITHEMU 4 3.3 Irherho lamajamo Irherho lamajamo Ukubona nokutjho ubujamo CAPS Ubujamo obubusobubili (2-D) Ukubona nokutjho ubujamo obubusobubili • iindulungu obubusobubili (2-D) (2-D) • aboncantathu • iindulungu • iinkwere • aboncantathu Amatswhayo wamajamo Ukuhlathulula, ukuhlukanisa • iinkwere ngemihlobo nokumadanisa amajamo obubusobubili (2-D) ngokuya: Amatswhayo wamajamo • ngobukhulu Ukuhlathulula, ukuhlukanisa • ngombala ngemihlobo nokumadanisa amajamo • ngamahlangothi anqophileko obubusobubili (2-D) ngokuya: • ngamahlangothi arondo Iminqopho etjhukumeziweko • ngobukhulu nokulandelanisa imisetjenzana • ngombala yeThemu yesi-2 • Thoma ngokudlala • ngamahlangothi anqophileko ngokutjhaphulukileko ngemihlobohlobo yamajamo • ngamahlangothi arondo okufaka hlangana ukwenza iinthombe ngamajamo weJiyomethri Iminqopho etjhukumeziweko asikiweyo. nokulandelanisa imisetjenzana • Lokhu kungenziwa ngesikhathi yeThemu yesi-4 sokuzijamela nangesikhathi sesifundo samakgono wepilo. • Ukusebenza ngendulungu • Ukukopa isithombe esenziwe neenkwere zobukhulu ngamajamo weJiyomethri. obuhlukahlukeneko naboncantathu Lokhu kungenziwa ngesikhathi abanejamo elihlukaneko.Zihlele sokuzijamela. ngokuya ngokuthi zinamahlangothi • Madanisa ubukhulu bezinto anqophileko nofana ayindulunga. ezifanako isib. Hlela iinkwere kusukela kesincani ukuya kesikhulu • Ukuhlela nokubeka ngeenqhema bewusebenzisa ilimi lobukhulu ngokuya ngokuthi mhlawumbe ukuhlathulula ubujamo. ziboncantathu, iinkwere nofana • Ukukhuluma ngemibala yamajamo indulungu. bese uwahlela ngokuya ngemibala. • Ukusebenza ngendulungu • Umsebenzi uhlanganiswa neenkwere zobukhulu ngemisebenzi etloliweko. obuhlukahlukeneko naboncantathu abanejamo elihlukaneko.Zihlele ngokuya ngokuthi zinamahlangothi anqophileko nofana ayindulunga. • Ukuhlela nokubeka ngeenqhema ngokuya ngokuthi mhlawumbe ziboncantathu, iinkwere nofana 51 indulungu. • Umsebenzi uhlanganiswa ngemisebenzi etloliweko. ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
IINHLOKO ITHEMU 1 ITHEMU 2 ITHEMU 3 ITHEMU 4 3.4 Isimethri Isimethri 52 Isimethri • Ukubona isimethri emizimbeni yabo. • Ukubona nokugwala umuda wesimethri ebujameni • Ukubona nokugwala umuda babobusobubili (2-D) nasebujameni wesimethri ebujameni obuyijomthriki nobungasiyo babobusobubili (2-D) nasebujameni iJiyomethriki. obuyijomthriki nobungasiyo iJiyomethriki. Iminqopho etjhukumeziweko yemisetjenzana yeThemu yesi-3 Iminqopho etjhukumeziweko • Qala imida yesimethri ezintweni yemisetjenzana yeThemu yesi-4 eziphathekako neenthombe. • Imisetjenzana etlolwako ifanele • Imisetjenzana etlolwako akukafaneli ifakehlangana iimbonelo lapho bonyana igwalwe ngakenye umuda wesimethri awusiwo umuda ingcenye kwaphela nokho ojame rwe kwaphela. kufakwe hlangana neembolnelo lapho abafundi bagwala emudeni wesimethri. ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
UMBONOMAZOMBE WEGREYIDI 1 4. UKUMEDA CAPS IINHLOKO ITHEMU 1 ITHEMU 2 ITHEMU 3 ITHEMU 4 4.1 Ukudlula kwesikhathi Isikhathi kusetjenzwa ngaso Isikhathi kusetjenzwa ngaso Isikhathi kusetjenzwa ngaso Kukhulunywa ngokudlula kwesikhathi ngokuragela phambili ngesikhathi ngokuragela phambili ngesikhathi ngokuragela phambili ngesikhathi Isikhathi sokufundisa itlasi loke. sokufundisa itlasi loke. sokufundisa itlasi loke. • Hlela izehlakalo eziqhelekileko ezisuke epilweni yabo. • Ukumadanisa ubude besikhathi kusetjenziswa ilimi isib.iskhathi eside, isikhathi esifitjhani, masinyana, kabuthaka. • Ukulandelanisa izehlakalo kusetjenziswa iLimi elifaka nokuthi izolo, namhlanje, kusasa. Ukutjela ngesikhathi • Ukuhlathulula nangabe kwenzeka into kusetjenziswa iLimi isib. Ekuseni, ngemuva kwedina, ebusuku, ekuseni khlu, ngemuva kwesikhathi. • Ukutjho nokulandelanisa amalanga weveke, neenyanga zonyaka. • Ukubeka amalanga wamabeletho. 4.2 Ukumeda okungakahleleki Ukumeda okungakahleleki Ubude • Ukumadanisa nokuhlela ubude, ukuphakama nofana ububanzi bezinto ezimbili nofana ezinengi ngokuzibeka enye eqadi kwenye. • Ukusebenzisa iLimi ukukhuluma ngokufanisa isib.ubude, ubufitjhani, ububanzi. • • Ukulinganisa, ukumeda, Ukulinganisa, ukumeda, ukumadanisa, ukuhlela ukumadanisa, ukuhlela bewurekhode ubude usebenzise nokurekhoda ubude kusetjenziswa iimedo ezingakahlelwa isib. iimedo ezingakahlelelwa isib. Ubude besandla, igadango, ubude Ubude besandla, amagadango, bepensela, izinto zokubala, njll. ubude bepensela, izinto zokubala njll. 53 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
IINHLOKO ITHEMU 1 ITHEMU 2 ITHEMU 3 ITHEMU 4 4.3 Ukumeda okungakahleleki Ukumeda okungakahleleki 54 Ubudisi / • Ukulinganisa, isilinganiso, • Ukulinganisa, ukumeda, ubungako ukumadanisa, ukuhlela, ukumadanisa, ukuhlela, bekurekhodwe ubudisi, bekurekhodwe ubudisi, kusetjenziswa isikala sokudzimelela kusetjenziswa isikala sokudzimelela nesilinganiso esingakahleleki isib. nesilinganiso esingakahleleki isib. Amabhlogo, iintina njll. Amabhlogo, iintina njll. • Ukusebenzisa iLimi ukukhuluma • Ukusebenzisa iLimi ukukhuluma ngokumadanisa isib.elula, ebudisi, ngokumadanisa isib.elula, ebudisi, elula-khulu, ebudisi-khulu. elula-khulu, ebudisi-khulu. 4.4 Ukumeda okungakahleleki Ukumeda okungakahleleki Ukumeda okungakahleleki Umthamo / • Ukumadanisa nokuhlela ubungako • Ukumadanisa nokuhlela ubungako Ivolumu beketjezi/okusamanzi (umthamo) beketjezi/okusamanzi (umthamo) okuseemumathini ezimbili okuseemumathini ezibekwe esinye eduze nesinye. • Ukusebenzisa iLimi ukukhuluma Abafundi bazokuhlela ngokuhlela ngokumadanisa isib.enengi esimumathini sesithathu. ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 kune, encani kune, encani, izele, edududu. • Ukulinganisa, ukumeda, • Ukulinganisa, ukumeda, ukumadanisa, ukuhlela ukumadanisa, ukuhlela nokurekhoda umthamo nokurekhoda umthamo okusesimumathini ngokusebenzisa okusesimumathini ngokusebenzisa iimedo ezingakahleleki isib. iimedo ezingakahleleki isib. Iingobho namakomitji. Iingobho namakomitji. ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
UMBONOMAZOMBE WEGREYIDI 1 5. UKUPHATHA IDATHA CAPS IINHLOKO ITHEMU 1 ITHEMU 2 ITHEMU 3 ITHEMU 4 5.1 Ukubuthelela nokuhlela izinto Ukubuthelela nokuhlela izinto ezithintekayo ngamalanga ezithintekayo ngamalanga Ukubuthelela nokuhlela Ukugwala iinthombe zezinto Ukugwala iinthombe zezinto ngemihlobo ezihleleke ngemihlobo. ezihleleke ngemihlobo. izinto • Nikela iinzathu ngokuthi • Nikela iinzathu ngokuthi 5.2 okubuthelelweko kuhlelwe bunjani. okubuthelelweko kuhlelwe bunjani. Ukujamiselela Phendula imibuzo ngokuthi: Phendula imibuzo ngokuthi: okuhlelwe -- Ukuhlelwa ngemihlobo kwenziwa -- Ukuhlelwa ngemihlobo kwenziwa ngemihlobo bunjani ( indlela yekambiso) bunjani ( indlela yekambiso) ukubuthelela kwezinto -- Okubuthelelweko kwahlelwa -- Okubuthelelweko kwahlelwa ngemihlobo kunjani? (umkhiqizo) ngemihlobo kunjani? (umkhiqizo) 5.3 • Hlathulula okubuthelelwe • Hlathulula okubuthelelwe Coca bewubike ngemihlobo ngemihlobo ngokuhlelwa kwezinto ezibuthelelweko 5.4 Okuphakanyisiweko: Ukubuthelela Umzombe wedatha opheleleko nokuhlela idatha ngokwenza igrafu yesithombe setlasi. 5.5 • Buthelela bewuhlele idatha Ukujamiselela -- ngetlasi nofana ngesikolo idatha -- ukuphendulwa kwemibuzo 5.6 ebuzwa ngutitjhere • Ukuhlaziya idatha ebuya Ukuhlaziya • Ukujamiselela idatha ngegrafini ekujanyiselelweni elinikelweko. bewurhumutjhe yeenthombe. idatha • Okuphakanyisiweko: okungasenani • Ukuphendula imibuzo ngedatha iingrafu zeenthombe ezimbili. engegrafini yeenthombe. 55 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
3.4.2 Umbonomazombe weGreyidi yesi-2 ngeThemu 56 UMBONOMAZOMBE WEGREYIDI YESI-2 1.IINOMBORO, AMA-OPHARETJHINI NOBUDLELWANA IINHLOKO ITHEMU 1 ITHEMU 2 ITHEMU 3 ITHEMU 4 UKUTHUTHUKISWA KOMQONDO NOMBORO: Ukubala ngeenomboro ezipheleleko 1.1 • Ukubala okungasenani ukufikela • Bala okungasenani ukufikela • Bala okungasenani ukufikela • Bala okungasenani ukufikela ku yezinto ngamalanga ku yezinto ngamalanga ku yezinto ngamalanga ku yezinto ngamalanga Ukubala izinto ngokuthembekako. ngokuthembekako ngokuthembekako ngokuthembekako • Ukunikela isilinganiso senomboro • Ukunikela isilinganiso senomboro • Ukunikela isilinganiso senomboro • Ukunikela isilinganiso senomboro yezinto ezingahlolwa ngokuzibala. yezinto ezingahlolwa ngokuzibala. yezinto ezingahlolwa ngokuzibala. yezinto ezingahlolwa ngokuzibala. • Amaqhinga wokuhlela izinto • Amaqhinga wokuhlela izinto • Amaqhinga wokuhlela izinto • Amaqhinga wokuhlela izinto ngokweenqhema kuyakhuthazwa. ngokweenqhema kuyakhuthazwa. ngokweenqhema kuyakhuthazwa. ngokweenqhema kuyakhuthazwa. 1.2 Bala uye phambili nasemuva nga: Bala uye phambili nemuva nga: Bala uye phambili nemuva nga: Ukubala uye phambili nemuva nga: Ukubala uye • Ku-1 ukusuka kwenye nenye • Ku-1 ukusuka kwenye nenye • Ku-1 ukusuka kwenye nenye phambili inomboro hlangana ne-0 ne-100 inomboro hlangana ne-0 ne-150 inomboro hlangana ne-0 ne-180 • Ku-1 ukusuka kwenye nenye nemuva inomboro hlangana ne-0 na-200 • Li-10 ukusuka kesinye nesinye • Li-10 ukusuka kesinye nesinye • Li-10 ukusuka kesinye nesinye isibuyabuyelelo se-10 hlangana isibuyabuyelelo se-10 hlangana isibuyabuyelelo se-10 hlangana • Li-10 ukusuka kesinye nesinye ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 ne-0 ne-100 ne-0 ne-150 ne-0 ne-180 isibuyabuyelelo se-10 hlangana ne-0 na -200 • Ku-5 ukusuka kesinye nesinye • Ku-5 ukusuka kesinye nesinye • Ku-5 ukusuka kesinye nesinye isibuyabuyelelo saka ku-5 hlangana isibuyabuyelelo saka ku-5 hlangana isibuyabuyelelo saka ku-5 hlangana • Ku-5 ukusuka kesinye nesinye ne-0 ne-100 ne-0 ne-150 ne-0 ne-180 isibuyabuyelelo saka ku-5 hlangana ne-0 na-200 • Ku-2 ukusuka kesinye nesinye • Ku-2 ukusuka kesinye nesinye • Ku-2 ukusuka kesinye nesinye isibuyabuyelelo saka ku- 2 isibuyabuyelelo saka ku- 2 isibuyabuyelelo saka ku- 2 • Ku-2 ukusuka kesinye nesinye hlangana ne -0 ne-100 hlangana ne-0 ne-150 hlangana ne-0 ne-180 isibuyabuyelelo saka ku- 2 hlangana ne -0 na-200 • Ku-3 ukusuka kesinye nesinye • Ku-3 ukusuka kesinye nesinye isibuyabuyelelo saka ku-3 hlangana isibuyabuyelelo saka ku-3 hlangana • Ku-3 ukusuka kesinye nesinye ne -0 na-99 ne -0 na-180 isibuyabuyelelo saka ku-3 hlangana ne -0 na-200 • Ku-4 ukusuka kesinye nesinye • Ku-4 ukusuka kesinye nesinye isibuyabuyelelo saka ku-4 hlangana isibuyabuyelelo saka ku-4 hlangana • Ku-4 ukusuka kesinye nesinye ne -0 na-100 ne -0 na-180 isibuyabuyelelo saka ku-4 hlangana ne -0 na-200 ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
IINHLOKO ITHEMU 1 ITHEMU 2 ITHEMU 3 ITHEMU 4 UKUTHUTHUKISWA KOMQONDO NOMBORO : Jamiselela iinomboro ezipheleleko CAPS 1.3 Ukufanisa, ukubona nokufunda Ukufanisa, ukubona nokufunda Ukufanisa, ukubona nokufunda Ukufanisa, ukubona nokufunda iinomboro iinomboro iinomboro iinomboro Amatshwayo wenomboro • Ukufanisa, ukubona nokufunda • Ukufanisa, ukubona nokufunda • Ukufanisa, ukubona nokufunda • Ukufanisa, ukubona nokufunda namagama amatshwayo wenomboro ukusuka amatshwayo wenomboro ukusuka amatshwayo wenomboro ukusuka amatshwayo wenomboro ukusuka weenomboro kweli 0 ukuya e-100 kweli 0 ukuya e-150 kweli 0 ukuya e-180 kweli 0 ukuya e-200 • Ukutlola amatshwayo wenomboro • Ukutlola amatshwayo wenomboro • Ukutlola amatshwayo wenomboro • Ukutlola amatshwayo wenomboro ukusuka kweli 0 ukuya e-100 ukusuka kweli 0 ukuya e-150 ukusuka kweli 0 ukuya e-180 ukusuka kweli 0 ukuya e-200 • Ukufanisa, ukubona nokufunda • Ukufanisa, ukubona nokufunda • Ukufanisa, ukubona nokufunda • Ukufanisa, ukubona nokufunda igama lenomboro ukusuka kweli 0 igama lenomboro ukusuka kweli 0 igama lenomboro ukusuka kweli 0 igama lenomboro ukusuka kweli 0 ukuya ema-25 ukuya ema-50 ukuya ema-75 ukuya ema-100 • Ukutlola amagama weenomboro • Ukutlola amagama weenomboro • Ukutlola amagama weenomboro • Ukutlola amagama weenomboro ukusuka kweli 0 ukuya ema-25 ukusuka kweli 0 ukuya ema-50 ukusuka kweli 0 ukuya ema-75 ukusuka kweli 0 ukuya ema-100 UKUTHUTHUKISWA KOMQONDO NOMBORO : Ukuhlathulula, ukumadanisa nokuhlela iinomboro ezipheleleko 1.4 Ukuhlathulula, ukumadanisa and Ukuhlathulula, ukumadanisa and Ukuhlathulula, ukumadanisa and Ukuhlathulula, ukumadanisa and nokuhlela iinomboro ukufika ku 25 nokuhlela iinomboro ukufika ku 50 nokuhlela iinomboro ukufika ku 75 nokuhlela iinomboro ukufika ku 99 Ukuhlathulula, ukumadanisa • Ukumadanisa iinomboro • Ukumadanisa iinomboro • Ukumadanisa iinomboro • Ukumadanisa iinomboro nokuhlela ezipheleleko ngokusebenzisa ezipheleleko ngokusebenzisa ezipheleleko ngokusebenzisa ezipheleleko ngokusebenzisa iinomboro ukuncani kuna, ukukhulu kuna, ukuncani kuna, ukukhulu kuna, ukuncani kuna, ukukhulu kuna, ukuncani kuna, ukukhulu kuna, kunengi kuna, kungaphasi kuna kunengi kuna, kungaphasi kuna kunengi kuna, kungaphasi kuna kunengi kuna, kungaphasi kuna nokuthi kuyalingana. nokuthi kuyalingana. nokuthi kuyalingana. nokuthi kuyalingana. • Ukulandelanisa iinomboro • Ukulandelanisa iinomboro • Ukulandelanisa iinomboro • Ukulandelanisa iinomboro ezipheleleko kusukela kencani ezipheleleko kusukela kencani ezipheleleko kusukela kencani ezipheleleko kusukela kencani ukuya kekulukazi nokusuka ukuya kekulukazi nokusuka ukuya kekulu khulu nokusuka ukuya kekulukazi nokusuka kwekulukazi ukuya kwencani khulu. kwekulukazi ukuya kwencani khulu. kwekulu khulu ukuya kwencani kwekulukazi ukuya kwencani khulu. khulu. Ukusebenzisa iinomborosikhundla Ukusebenzisa iinomborosikhundla ukutjengisa ukuhleleka, indawo ukutjengisa ukuhleleka, indawo nofana ubujamo nofana ubujamo • Tjamisa izinto zirheme kusukela • Tjamisa izinto zirheme kusukela keyokuthoma ukuya keyamatjhumi keyokuthoma ukuya keyamatjhumi amabili nofana yokuthoma ukuya amabili nofana yokuthoma ukuya keyokugcina isib. Kokuthoma, keyokugcina isib. Kokuthoma, keyesibili, keyesithathu...... keyesibili, keyesithathu...... keyetjhumi keyetjhumi Ukuthuthukiswa komqondonomboro : Ubukhulu bedijithi 1.5 Ukubona ubukhulu bedijithi Ukubona ubukhulu bedijithi Ukubona ubukhulu bedijithi Ukubona ubukhulu bedijithi yeenomboro phakathi kwe-11 na-25 yeenomboro phakathi kwe-11 na-50 yeenomboro phakathi kwe-11 na-75 yeenomboro phakathi kwe-11 na-99 Ubukhulu bedijithi • Ukuhlahlela iinomboro ezinamadijithi • Ukuhlahlela iinomboro ezinamadijithi • Ukuhlahlela iinomboro ezinamadijithi • Ukuhlahlela iinomboro ezinamadijithi amabili zibe kubuyabuyelela amabili zibe kubuyabuyelela amabili zibe kubuyabuyelela amabili zibe kubuyabuyelela kwamatjhumi nemivo/ngakunye. kwamatjhumi nemivo/ngakunye. kwamatjhumi nemivo/ngakunye. kwamatjhumi nemivo/ngakunye. 57 • Ukufanisa nokutjho ubukhulu • Ukufanisa nokutjho ubukhulu • Ukufanisa nokutjho ubukhulu • Ukufanisa nokutjho ubukhulu bedijithi enye nenye. bedijithi enye nenye. bedijithi enye nenye. bedijithi enye nenye. ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
IINHLOKO ITHEMU 1 ITHEMU 2 ITHEMU 3 ITHEMU 4 UKURARULULA IMIRARO ESEBUJAMENI 58 1.6 Sebenzisa amathekhiniki alandelako Sebenzisa amathekhiniki alandelako Sebenzisa amathekhiniki alandelako Sebenzisa amathekhiniki alandelako lokha urarulula imiraro bekuhlathululwe lokha urarulula imiraro bekuhlathululwe lokha urarulula imiraro bekuhlathululwe lokha urarulula imiraro bekuhlathululwe Amathekhiniki iinsombululo zemiraro: iinsombululo zemiraro: iinsombululo zemiraro: iinsombululo zemiraro: wokurarulula • Imigwalo nofana ama-apharethasi • Imigwalo nofana amapharethasi • Imigwalo nofana amapharethasi • Imigwalo nofana amapharethasi imiraro aphathekako isib. Izinto zokubala aphathekako isib. Izinto zokubala aphathekako isib. Izinto zokubala aphathekako isib. Izinto zokubala • Ukwakha nokuphula kweenomboro • Ukwakha nokuphula kweenomboro • Ukwakha nokuphula kweenomboro • Ukwakha nokuphula kweenomboro • Ukubuyelela kabili nokuhafula • Ukubuyelela kabili nokuhafula phakathi phakathi • Ukubuyelela kabili nokuhafula • Ukubuyelela kabili nokuhafula • Inambalayini esekelwe ngama- • Inambalayini esekelwe ngama- phakathi phakathi apharathasi aphathekako apharathasi aphathekako • Inambalayini • Inambalayini 1.7 Rarulula imiraro yamagama Rarulula imiraro yamagama Rarulula imiraro yamagama Rarulula imiraro yamagama ezisebujameni bewuhlathulule ezisebujameni bewuhlathulule ezisebujameni bewuhlathulule ezisebujameni bewuhlathulule Ukuhlanganisa iinsombululo zakho zemiraro iinsombululo zakho zemiraro iinsombululo zakho zemiraro iinsombululo zakho zemiraro nokukhupha ezifaka ukuhlanganisa nokukhupha ezifaka ukuhlanganisa nokukhupha ezifaka ukuhlanganisa nokukhupha ezifaka ukuhlanganisa nokukhupha nempendulo ukufika e-20. nempendulo ukufika e-50. nempendulo ukufika e-75. nempendulo ukufika e-99. 1.8 Rarulula imiraro yamagama Rarulula imiraro yamagama Rarulula imiraro yamagama Rarulula imiraro yamagama ukuhlanganisa ezisebujameni bewuhlathulule ezisebujameni bewuhlathulule ezisebujameni bewuhlathulule ezisebujameni bewuhlathulule ngokubuyelela iinsombululo zakho zemiraro, ezifaka iinsombululo zakho zemiraro, ezifaka iinsombululo zakho zemiraro, ezifaka iinsombululo zakho zemiraro, ezifaka okurholela ukuhlanganisa okubuyelelweko ukuhlanganisa okubuyelelweko ukuhlanganisa okubuyelelweko ukuhlanganisa okubuyelelweko ekubuyabuyele- okukhokhela ekubuyabuyeleleni okukhokhela ekubuyabuyeleleni okukhokhela ekubuyabuyeleleni okukhokhela ekubuyabuyeleleni ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 leni okunempendulo ufikela e-20. okunempendulo ufikela e-30. okunempendulo ufikela e-40. okunempendulo ufikela e-50. 1.9 Ukurarulula imiraro yamagama Ukurarulula imiraro yamagama Ukurarulula imiraro yamagama Ukurarulula imiraro yamagama ezisebujameni bewuhlathulule ezisebujameni bewuhlathulule ezisebujameni bewuhlathulule ezisebujameni bewuhlathulule Ukubuthelela iinsombululo zakho ufake ukwabelana iinsombululo zakho ufake ukwabelana iinsombululo zakho ufake ukwabelana iinsombululo zakho ufake ukwabelana nokwaba okur- ngokulingana nokubuthelela ngokulingana nokubuthelela ngokulingana nokubuthelela ngokulingana nokubuthelela holela ekwahlu- ngeenqhema kweenomboro ngeenqhema kweenomboro ngeenqhema kweenomboro ngeenqhema kweenomboro kaniselaneni ezipheleleko ukufika e-20 kanye ezipheleleko ukufika e-30 kanye ezipheleleko ukufika e-40 kanye ezipheleleko ukufika e-50 kanye nempendulo ezingahle zifaka iinsalela nempendulo ezingahle zifaka iinsalela nempendulo ezingahle zifaka iinsalela nempendulo ezingahle zifaka iinsalela 1.10 Ukurarulula bewuhlathulule Ukurarulula bewuhlathulule Ukurarulula bewuhlathulule iinsombululo zemiraro ezisebujameni iinsombululo zemiraro ezisebujameni iinsombululo zemiraro ezisebujameni Ukwabelana efaka hlangana ukwabelana efaka hlangana ukwabelana efaka hlangana ukwabelana okurholela ngokulingana erholela empendulweni ngokulingana erholela empendulweni ngokulingana erholela empendulweni emafraktjhinini zamafraktjhini wohlavu olulodwa .isib. zamafraktjhini wohlavu olulodwa .isib. zamafraktjhini wohlavu olulodwa .isib. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 , 4 , 3 , 5 njll. 2 , 4 , 3 , 5 njll. 2 , 4 , 3 , 5 njll. 1.11 Ukukhumbula nokufanisa imali Ukukhumbula nokufanisa imali Ukukhumbula nokufanisa imali Ukukhumbula nokufanisa imali yeSewula Afrika eziinhlamvu 5c, yeSewula Afrika eziinhlamvu 5c, yeSewula Afrika eziinhlamvu 5c, yeSewula Afrika eziinhlamvu 5c, Imali 10c, 20c, 50c, R1, R2, R5, nemali 10c, 20c, 50c, R1, R2, R5, nemali 10c, 20c, 50c, R1, R2, R5, nemali 10c, 20c, 50c, R1, R2, R5, nemali yamaphepha R10, R20, R50 yamaphepha R10, R20, R50 yamaphepha R10, R20, R50 yamaphepha R10, R20, R50 ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) Ukurarulula imiraro yemali efaka Ukurarulula imiraro yemali efaka Ukurarulula imiraro yemali efaka Ukurarulula imiraro yemali efaka hlangana inani netjhentjhi hlangana inani netjhentjhi hlangana inani netjhentjhi hlangana inani netjhentjhi ngamasende kufikela emasendeni ngamasende kufikela emasendeni ngamasende kufikela emasendeni ngamasende kufikela emasendeni ama 50c namaranda ama- R20 ama 50c namaranda ama- R50 ama 75c namaranda ama- R75 ama 99c namaranda ama-R99
IINHLOKO ITHEMU 1 ITHEMU 2 ITHEMU 3 ITHEMU 4 UKUBALA OBUSEBUJAMENI OBUTJHAPHULUKILEKO 1.12 Ukusebenzisa amathekhiniki Ukusebenzisa amathekhiniki Ukusebenzisa amathekhiniki Ukusebenzisa amathekhiniki CAPS alandelako nakubalisiswako: alandelako nakubalisiswako: alandelako nakubalisiswako: alandelako nakubalisiswako: Amathekhiniki • Imigwalo nofana amapharethasi • Imigwalo nofana amapharethasi • Imigwalo nofana amapharethasi • Imigwalo nofana amapharethasi (irherho namano) aphathekako isib. Izinto zokubala aphathekako isib. Izinto zokubala aphathekako isib. Izinto zokubala aphathekako isib. Izinto zokubala • Ukwakha nokuphula kweenomboro • Ukwakha nokuphula kweenomboro • Ukwakha nokuphula kweenomboro • Ukwakha nokuphula kweenomboro • Ukubuyelela kabili nokuhafula • Ukubuyelela kabili nokuhafula • Ukubuyelela kabili nokuhafula • Ukubuyelela kabili nokuhafula phakathi phakathi phakathi phakathi • Inambalayini esekelwe ngama- • Inambalayini esekelwe ngama- • Inambalayini • Inambalayini apharathasi aphathekako apharathasi aphathekako 1.13 • Ukuhlanganisa ukufikela ku-20 • Ukuhlanganisa ukufikela ku-50 • Ukuhlanganisa ukufikela ku-75 • Ukuhlanganisa ukufikela ku-99 Ukuhlanganisa • Ukukhupha ku-20 • Ukukhupha ku-50 • Ukukhupha ku-75 • Ukukhupha ku-99 nokukhupha • Ukusebenzisa amatshwayo • Ukusebenzisa amatshwayo • Ukusebenzisa amatshwayo • Ukusebenzisa amatshwayo afaneleko (+, –, =, ) afaneleko (+, –, =, ) afaneleko (+, –, =, ) afaneleko (+, –, =, ) • Ukulungiselela iinomboro bhodi • Ukulungiselela iinomboro bhodi • Ukulungiselela iinomboro bhodi • Ukulungiselela iinomboro bhodi ukufika e 10 ukufika e 15 ukufika e 20 ukufika e 20 1.14 • Ukuhlanganisa inomboro efanako • Buyabuyelela iinomboro ukufika ku • Buyabuyelela iinomboro ukufika ku • Buyabuyelela iinomboro ukufika ku ngokubuyelela ukufika ku-20 10 ngaku -2 nesi 5 10 ngaku -2, 5 nesi 4 10 ngaku -2, 5 nesi 4 ukuhlanganisa ngokubuyelela • Buyabuyelela iinomboro ukufika ku • Ukusebenzisa amatshwayo • Ukusebenzisa amatshwayo • Ukusebenzisa amatshwayo okurholela 10 ngaku -2 ngokufaneleko (+, –, =, ) ngokufaneleko (+, –, =, ) ngokufaneleko (+, –, =, ) ekubuyabuyele- • Ukusebenzisa amatshwayo leni ngokufaneleko (+, –, =, ) 59 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
IINHLOKO ITHEMU 1 ITHEMU 2 ITHEMU 3 ITHEMU 4 1.16 Umqondonomboro: Ezihlangana Umqondonomboro: E4zihlangana Umqondonomboro: Ezihlangana Umqondonomboro: Ezihlangana 60 na-25 na-50 na-75 na-99 Imbalo zehloko • Ukurhemisa iinomboro ezikhethiweko • Ukurhemisa iinomboro ezikhethiweko • Ukurhemisa iinomboro ezikhethiweko • Ukurhemisa iinomboro ezikhethiweko ngokwesede enikeliweko. ngokwesede enikeliweko. ngokwesede enikeliweko. ngokwesede enikeliweko. • Ukuqanathisa iinomboro ukufika ku- • Ukuqanathisa iinomboro ukufika ku- • Ukuqanathisa iinomboro ukufika ku- • Ukuqanathisa iinomboro ukufika ku- 25 bewutjho bonyana ngiyiphi 50 bewutjho bonyana ngiyiphi: 75 bewutjho bonyana ngiyiphi: 99 bewutjho bonyana ngiyiphi: -- enengi nga-1 nofana encani nga-1, -- enengi nga-1 nofana encani nga-1 -- enengi nga-1 nofana encani nga-1 -- enengi nga-1 nofana encani nga-1 -- enengi nga-2 nofana encani nga-2, -- enengi nga-2 nofana encani nga-2 -- enengi nga-2 nofana encani nga-2 -- enengi nga-2 nofana encani nga-2 -- enengi nge-10 nofana encani -- enengi nga-3 nofana encani nga-3 -- enengi nga-3 nofana encani nga-3 -- enengi nga-3 nofana encani nga-3 nge-10. -- enengi nga-4 nofana encani nga-4 -- enengi nga-4 nofana encani nga-4 -- enengi nga-4 nofana encani nga-4 -- enengi nga-5 nofana encani nga-5 -- enengi nga-5 nofana encani nga-5 -- enengi nga-5 nofana encani nga-5 -- enengi nge-10 nofana encani -- enengi nge-10 nofana encani -- enengi nge-10 nofana encani nge-10 nge-10 nge-10 Ukukhumbula masinyana: Ukukhumbula masinyana: Ukukhumbula masinyana: Ukukhumbula masinyana: • Ukukhumbula amaphuzu • Ukukhumbula amaphuzu • Ukukhumbula amaphuzu • Ukukhumbula amaphuzu wamambala ngokuhlanganisa wamambala ngokuhlanganisa wamambala ngokuhlanganisa wamambala ngokuhlanganisa nokukhupha ukufika e-10 nokukhupha ukufika e-10 nokukhupha ukufika e-15 nokukhupha ukufika e- 20 • Hlanganisa nofana ukhuphe • Hlanganisa nofana ukhuphe iimbuyabuyeleli ze-10 ukusukela e-0 iimbuyabuyeleli ze-10 ukusukela e-0 ukuya ema-50 ukuya e-100 Amaqhinga wokubalisa Amaqhinga wokubalisa ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 Amaqhinga wokubalisa Amaqhinga wokubalisa Ukusebenzisa amaqhinga wokubalisa Ukusebenzisa amaqhinga wokubalisa ukuhlanganisa nokukhupha ngekghono ukuhlanganisa nokukhupha ngekghono Ukusebenzisa amaqhinga wokubalisa Ukusebenzisa amaqhinga wokubalisa elifaneleko: elifaneleko: ukuhlanganisa nokukhupha ngekghono ukuhlanganisa nokukhupha ngekghono elifaneleko: elifaneleko: • Beka inomboro ekulu maqangi ukuze • Beka inomboro ekulu maqangi ukuze ubale uye phambili nofana ubale uye ubale uye phambili nofana ubale uye • Beka inomboro ekulu maqangi ukuze • Beka inomboro ekulu maqangi ukuze emuva emuva ubale uye phambili nofana ubale uye ubale uye phambili nofana ubale uye emuva emuva • Inambalayini yehloko • Inambalayini yehloko • Inambalayini yehloko • Inambalayini yehloko • Ukubuyelela nokuhlukanisa • Ukubuyelela nokuhlukanisa • Ukubuyelela nokuhlukanisa • Ukubuyelela nokuhlukanisa • Ukwakha nokuphula • Ukwakha nokuphula • Ukwakha nokuphula • Ukwakha nokuphula • Ukusebenzisa ubudlelwana • Ukusebenzisa ubudlelwana obuphakathi kokuhlanganisa obuphakathi kokuhlanganisa • Ukusebenzisa ubudlelwana • Ukusebenzisa ubudlelwana nokukhupha. nokukhupha. obuphakathi kokuhlanganisa obuphakathi kokuhlanganisa nokukhupha. nokukhupha. 1.17 • Sebenzisa bewutjho amafraktjhini • Sebenzisa bewutjho amafraktjhini • Sebenzisa bewutjho amafraktjhini okufaka hlangana neengcezu, okufaka hlangana neengcezu, okufaka hlangana neengcezu, Amafraktjhini amakota, isithathu begodu amakota, isithathu begodu amakota, isithathu begodu nesihlanu njll nesihlanu njll nesihlanu njll ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) • Ukubona amafraktjhini ebujameni • Ukubona amafraktjhini ebujameni • Ukubona amafraktjhini ebujameni obuyidayagremu obuyidayagremu obuyidayagremu • Tlola amafraktjhini njengecezu • Tlola amafraktjhini njengecezu • Tlola amafraktjhini njengecezu elilodwa, iinthathu ezimbili elilodwa, iinthathu ezimbili elilodwa, iinthathu ezimbili
ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 Imihlobo yemiraro yeGreyidi yesi-2 Lezi ziimbonelo zemihlobo yemiraro ekufanele utitjhere azethule ngokuzibuyelela njalo etlasini lakhe. Nangabe utitjhere usebenza ngesiqhema esincani, kufanele aveze umraro ngokukhuluma. Nangabe abafundi bayakwazi ukufunda, utitjhere angabanikela umraro otloliweko, nokho utitjhere kusafanele aveze umraro ngokukhuluma. Imiraro esebujameni ingafakwa emaphepheni wabantwana wokusebenzela, nokho ifanele ibe mifitjhani, inqophe bekube ngejayelekileko/ngevamileko, begodu utitjhere ufanele aqinisekise bonyana boke abafundi bayayizwisisa. Ukubuthelela Ukubuthelela, ukulahla isalela UThoko uthengisa amahabhula ngemigodla eli-10 ngamunye. UThoko uthengisa amahabhula ngemigodla, ufaka ali-10 ngemgodleni ngamunye. Unamahabhula ama-81. Wenze imigodla emingaki yamahabhula? Ukubuthelela, ukungenisa isalela ephendulweni Umlimi unamaqanda ama-47, ufaka amaqanda asithandathu ngebhoksini ngalinye, udinga amabhoksi amangaki ukufaka woke amaqanda anawo? Ukwabelana Ukwabelana, ukulahla isalela. Hlukanisa amaswidi ama-54, hlukanisela abangani abalikhomba amaswidi ngokulinganako. Ukwabelana okurholela emafraktjhinini Hlukanisa amatjhokolethi ali-11, wabele abangani abane ngokulinganako kungabi nesalela. Amafraktjhini webuthelelo Ugogo unikela uZizi ama-orentji ali-12, uZizi wenza ijuzi nge 1/3 ye-orentji. Usebenzise ama-orentji amangaki? Imihlobo le yemiraro kufanele inikelwe abafundi ngemuva kokuba sele bararulule imiraro engaba mine nofana mihlanu, ekhokhela emihlobeni yamafraktjhini bebazi namabizo weengcezu zamafraktjhini. Ukuhlanganisa amafraktjhini Umbanduli webhola yezandla unikela ingceny ye orentji komunye nomunye umdlali. Abadlali bebhola yezandla bali- 14. Umbanduli uthloga ama-orentji amangaki? Imihlobo le yemiraro kufanele inikelwe abafundi ngemuva kokuba sele bararulule imiraro engaba mine nofana mihlanu, ekhokhela emihlobeni yamafraktjhini bebazi namabizo weengcezu zamafraktjhini. Ukuhlanganisa okubuyelelweko Imilelenjana/iinsikiri ezi-20 zinavilo amangaki? Linganisa UThami ukhamba amabhlogo asithandathu ngelanga. Ukhamba amabhlogo amangaki ngeveke? Amagridi Umma utjala amareyi alikhomba wekhabitjhi, ireyi ngalinye linamakhabitjhi abunane, mangaki amakhabitjhi sele awoke? Ukuhlanganisa nokukhupha CAPS 61
ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 Kunemihlobo emithathu yemiraro esisekelo yokuhlanganisa nokukhupha, omunye nomunye umraro ungabuzwa ngendlela ehlukileko. Imihlobo esisekelo ngile: Itjhuguluko UNoluthando bekanamaswidi ama-25. USilo wamupha amaswidi ali-18. UNoluthando sele anamaswidi amangaki sewawoke? UNoluthando bekanaswidi ama-53. Wanikela uSilo amaswidi ama-32. UNoluthando usele namaseidi amangaki? Ukuhlanganisa Itlasi legrayidi 2 linaboncantathu aba-37 abahlaza kotjhani na-19 ahlaza kwesibhakabhaka. Bangaki aboncantathu nasele baboke? Baneendulungu ezi-63, ezi-27 zihlaza kotjhani zoke ezinye zibomvu. Zingaki iindulungu ezihlaza okwesibhakabhaka? Ukumadanisa UNosisi unamabhanana ali13. UThemba unahlanu. UNosisi unamabhanana amanengi kangangani kunonaka Themba? Ukubuza omunye nomunye umraro ngendlela ehlukileko. Imiraro kufanele ibuzwe ngendlela ehlukileko. Isib. Yomibili imiraro le miraro etjhugulukileko, kodwana “ ukungaziwako” kusendaweni ezihlukeneko. UNoluthando bekanamswidi. USilo wamupha amaswidi ama-18 kwanjesi sele anamaswidi ama-43. UNoluthando bekanamaswidi amangaki ekuthomeni? UNoluthando bekanamahabhula ama-25. USilo umupha amanye amahabhula. UNoluthando sele anamahabhula ama-43. Mangaki amahabhula awaphiwe nguSilo? Ubujamo bemiraro noBudlelwana bemisebenzi ehlukileko. ULina uthengisa amahotdog nge R4 ngalinye. Yenza ithebula elizomsiza ukuthola inani le-oda ekulu. Ubunengi bama hotdogo 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Inani ngama R 4 8 Sebenzisa ithebula elingehla ukuthola inani lamahotdog alikhomba namahotdog ali-15. USibongile uhlala nabantwana. Ubiza ama R20 imali yokukhwela, bese ubiza R5 nge-iri ukuhlala nomntwana. Qedelela ithebula elilandelako. Sedick Inani lama-iri 1 2 3 4 5 10 Inani lama R 25 30 Yelela bonyana umraro waka Sibongile nomraro wakaLina isetjenzwe ngendlela ezihlukileko. Imihlobo yemiraro engehla inikelelwe abotitjhere. Abafundi abangathweswa umthwalo ngemihlobo yamagama. Yelela bonyana abafundi ngasikhathi basebenzisa iindlela ezihlukileko ukusombulula umraro okungahle kungabi ngilokho utitjhere ebekakulindeleko. Isib. Umraro wokuhlukanisa ungasombululwa ngokukhupha okubuyabuyelelweko, ukuhlanganisa nofana ukubuyabuyelela. Iindlela zabafundi zizokutjhuguluka ngokukhamba konyaka njengombana ukuzwisisa kwabo nokujayela umhlobo womraro, nangokuthuthuka kweenomboromqondo yabo. 62 ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
UMBONOMAZOMBE WEGREYIDI YESI - 2 2. AMAPHETHENI, AMAFANKTJHINI NE-ALJIBHRA CAPS IINHLOKO ITHEMU 1 ITHEMU 2 ITHEMU 3 ITHEMU 4 2.1 Ukukopa, ukwandisa Ukukopa, ukwandisa Ukukopa, ukwandisa Amaphetheni aseqadi kwethu nokuhlathulula nokuhlathulula nokuhlathulula Amaphetheni Ukukhomba, ukuhlathulula weJiyomethri Ukukopa, ukwandisa nokuhlathulula Ukukopa, ukwandisa nokuhlathulula Ukukopa, ukwandisa nokuhlathulula ngamagama nokukopa amaphetheni ngamagama ngamagama ngamagama weJiyomethri • Amaphetheni enziwe ngezinto • Amaphetheni eyenziwe ngezinto • Amaphetheni eyenziwe ngezinto • Ngokwemvelo eziphathekako eziphathekako eziphathekako • Kusukela epilweni yangamalanga • Amaphetheni enziwa ngokugwala • Amaphetheni enziwa ngokugwala • Amaphetheni enziwa ngokugwala yesimodeni, imida, ubujamo nofana izinto. imida, ubujamo nofana izinto. imida, ubujamo nofana izinto. • Asuka kwilifa lamasiko wethu Imilandelande yamaphetheni: Imilandelande yamaphetheni: Imilandelande yamaphetheni: Amaphetheni alula lapho amajamo, Amaphetheni alula lapho amajamo, Amaphetheni lapho inomboro nofana nofana ibuthelelo lamajamo nofana ibuthelelo lamajamo ubukhulu bobujamo kesinye nesinye ibuyelelwa ngendlela efana patsi. ibuyelelwa ngendlela efana patsi. isigaba buyatjhuguluka ngendlela yokubonela phambili: o.u. njalonjalo Amaphetheni lapho inomboro amaphetheni ayangezeleleka nofana isayizi yobujamo esigabeni ngasinye itjhuguluka ngendlela enebonelo phambili o.u amaphetheni angezeleleka njalo njalo. Ukutlama nokuhlathulula iphetheni Ukutlama nokuhlathulula iphetheni Ukutlama nokuhlathulula iphetheni okungewakhe okungewakhe okungewakhe • Ukutlhama iphetheni yeJiyomethri • Ukutlhama iphetheni yeJiyomethri • Ukutlhama iphetheni yeJiyomethri okungewakhe okungewakhe okungewakhe -- Ngezinto eziphathekako -- Ngezinto eziphathekako -- Ngezinto eziphathekako -- Ngokugwala imida, amajamo -- Ngokugwala imida, amajamo -- Ngokugwala imida, amajamo nofana izinto nofana izinto nofana izinto • Ukuhlathulula iphetheni • Ukuhlathulula iphetheni • Ukuhlathulula iphetheni okungewakhe okungewakhe okungewakhe 63 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
IINHLOKO ITHEMU 1 ITHEMU 2 ITHEMU 3 ITHEMU 4 2.2 Ukukopa, ukwandisa Ukukopa, ukwandisa Ukukopa, ukwandisa Ukukopa, ukwandisa 64 nokuhlathulula nokuhlathulula nokuhlathulula nokuhlathulula Amaphetheni weenomboro Ukukopa, ukwandisa nokuhlathulula Ukukopa, ukwandisa nokuhlathulula Ukukopa, ukwandisa nokuhlathulula Ukukopa, ukwandisa nokuhlathulula ukulandelana kweenomboro ukulandelana kweenomboro ukulandelana kweenomboro ukulandelana kweenomboro okungenani ukufika e- 100. okungenani ukufika e- 150. okungenani ukufika e- 180. okungenani ukufika e- 200. • Ukulandelana kufanele kutjhengise • Ukulandelana kufanele kutjhengise • Ukulandelana kufanele kutjhengise • Ukulandelana kufanele kutjhengise ukubala uye phambili nemuva nga: ukubala uye phambili nemuva nga: ukubala uye phambili nemuva nga: ukubala uye phambili nemuva nga: • Ku-1 ukusuka kwenye nenye • Ku-1 ukusuka kwenye nenye • Ku-1 ukusuka kwenye nenye • Ku-1 ukusuka kwenye nenye inomboro hlangana ne-0 ne-100 inomboro hlangana ne-0 ne-150 inomboro hlangana ne-0 ne-180 inomboro hlangana ne-0 na-200 • Li-10 ukusuka kesinye nesinye • Li-10 ukusuka kesinye nesinye • Li-10 ukusuka kesinye nesinye • Li-10 ukusuka kesinye nesinye isibuyabuyelelo se-10 hlangana isibuyabuyelelo se-10 hlangana isibuyabuyelelo se-10 hlangana isibuyabuyelelo se-10 hlangana ne-0 ne-100 ne-0 ne-150 ne-0 ne-180 ne-0 na-200 • Ku-5 ukusuka kesinye nesinye • Ku-5 ukusuka kesinye nesinye • Ku-5 ukusuka kesinye nesinye • Ku-5 ukusuka kesinye nesinye isibuyabuyelelo saka ku-5 hlangana isibuyabuyelelo saka ku-5 hlangana isibuyabuyelelo saka ku-5 hlangana isibuyabuyelelo saka ku-5 hlangana ne-0 ne-100 ne-0 ne-150 ne-0 ne-180 ne-0 na-200 • Ku-2 ukusuka kesinye nesinye • Ku-2 ukusuka kesinye nesinye • Ku-2 ukusuka kesinye nesinye • Ku-2 ukusuka kesinye nesinye isibuyabuyelelo saka ku- 2 isibuyabuyelelo saka ku- 2 isibuyabuyelelo saka ku- 2 isibuyabuyelelo saka ku- 2 hlangana ne -0 ne-100 hlangana ne -0 ne-1 hlangana ne -0 ne- hlangana ne-0 na-200 • Ku-3 ukusuka kesinye nesinye • Ku-3 ukusuka kesinye nesinye • Ku-3 ukusuka kesinye nesinye ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 isibuyabuyelelo saka ku-3 hlangana isibuyabuyelelo saka ku-3 hlangana isibuyabuyelelo saka ku-3 hlangana ne -0 ne-1 ne -0 ne- ne-0 na-200 • Ku- 4 ukusuka kesinye nesinye • Ku- 4 ukusuka kesinye nesinye • Ku- 4 ukusuka kesinye nesinye isibuyabuyelelo saka ku-4 hlangana isibuyabuyelelo saka ku-4 hlangana isibuyabuyelelo saka ku-4 hlangana ne -0 ne-1 ne -0 ne- ne-0 na- Ukuzitlamela iphetheni yakhe Ukuzitlamela iphetheni yakhe yeenomboro yeenomboro ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
UMBONOMAZOMBE WEGREYIDI YESI-2 3. ISIKHALA NOBUJAMO (JIYOMETHRI) CAPS IINHLOKO ITHEMU 1 ITHEMU 2 ITHEMU 3 ITHEMU 4 3.1 Ilimi lobujamo Ubujamo nokubukela Ubujamo, • Ukuhlathulula ubujamo bento • Madanisa imibono ehlukaneko ukuzijayeza yinye ngokuhlobane nenye isib. yezinto ezifanako zamalanga woke. nokubukela ngaphezulu, ngaphambi kwe, ngemuva, esinceleni, ngesindleni, phezulu, phasi, eqadi kwe Ubujamo nekombatjhuba Ubujamo nekombatjhuba • Landela ilayelo ukukhambakhamba • Landela ilayelo ukukhambakhamba ngetlasini ngetlasini 65 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
IINHLOKO ITHEMU 1 ITHEMU 2 ITHEMU 3 ITHEMU 4 3.2 Izinto ezihlukahlukeneko Izinto ezihlukahlukeneko Izinto ezihlukahlukeneko 66 Ukubona nokutjho izinto ezi abobusontathu Izinto Ukubona nokutjho izinto ezi Ukubona nokutjho izinto ezi (3-D) ezingetlasini neenthombeni ezibusontathu abobusontathu (3-D) ezingetlasini abobusontathu (3-D) ezingetlasini • Ubujamo bebhola (indulungu) neenthombeni (3-D) neenthombeni • Ubujamo bebhoksi (iphrizimu) • Ubujamo bebhola (indulungu) • Ubujamo bebhola (indulungu) Amatshwayo wezinto Ukuhlathulula, ukubeka ngeengaba • Ubujamo bebhoksi (iphrizimu) • Ubujamo bebhoksi (iphrizimu) nokumadanisa izinto ezi abobusontathu (3-D) ngokuya ngo: • Isilinda • Isilinda • ngobukhulu Amatshwayo wezinto Amatshwayo wezinto • ngezinto ezigedekako Ukuhlathulula, ukubeka ngeengaba • ngezinto ezitjhelelelako nokumadanisa izinto ezi Ukuhlathulula, ukubeka ngeengaba Imisetjenzana enqotjhiweko abobusontathu (3-D) ngokuya: nokumadanisa izinto ezi • Ukuqala nokwakha izinto ezibusontathu (3- abobusontathu (3-D) ngokuya: • ngobukhulu D) ezinikelweko ngokusebenzisa imethiriyeli • ngobukhulu ephathekako ezifana sika ubujamo (2- • ngezinto ezigedekako D), amabhlogo wokwakha, ukubuyelela • ngezinto ezigedekako iberegise into esetjenzisiweko, ipahla • ngezinto ezitjhelelelako esetjenzisa emsebenzini yokwakha, nezinye • ngezinto ezitjhelelelako izinto ezibusontathu (3-D) zeJiyomethri ne Umnqopho otjhukumeziweko nemisetjenzana yokulandelanisa Umnqopho otjhukumeziweko eseThemeni yoku-1 nemisetjenzana yokulandelanisa ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 • Ukukopa umfuziselo wento enikelwe Umnqopho otjhukumeziweko eseThemeni yesi-3 ngutitjhere. Ukufuzisela nofana ukwakha eseThemeni yesi-4 kungenziwa kusetjenziswa amabhlogo Ukusebenza nge: wokwakha, ukubuyelela usebenzise izinto ezakhe zasetjenziswa ipahla esetjenziswa • Iimbholo nezinto ezibumbeke emsebenzini, nezinye izinto zeJiyomethri njengeembholo ezibusontathu (3-D), ukusika ubujamo obubusobubili (2-D). Lokhu kungenziwa • Amasilinda nezinto ezibumbeke ngesikhathi sokusebenza ngokuzijamela njengesilinda • Ukumadanisa nokuhlathulula ubukhulu • Amabhoksi amihlobohlobo nezinye bezinto ezifanako isib. Gandelela amabhoksi izinto ezibumbeke njengoncamane kusukela kelikhulu ukuya kelincani. oyiphrizimu nofana ikhyubhu. • Iminqopho etjhukumeziweko nokulandelanisa imisetjenzana yeThemu Rhubhulula bonyana ngiziphi izinto yoku-1. Ukusebenza nge: ezigedekako, ngiziphi ezitjhelelako • Iimbholo nezinto ezibumbeke njengeembholo begodu ngiziphi ezingagandelelwa. Amabhoksi amihlobohlobo nezinye izinto Ukubona nokuhlathulula iJiyomethrik ezibumbeke njengoncamane oyiphrizimu nofana ikhyubhu. nezinto zangamalanga ngokutjho Ukubona nokuhlathulula iJiyomethrik nezinto bonyana zijame njengebholo, zijjame zangamalanga ngokutjho bonyana zijame jengebhoksi, ijame njengesilinda. ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) njengebholo, zijjame njengebhoksi, ijame Imisebenzi ihlanganiswa njengesilinda. • Imisebenzi ihlanganiswa ngemisebenzana etloliweko ngemisebenzana etloliweko Imisebenzi ihlanganiswa ngemisebenzana etloliweko
IINHLOKO ITHEMU 1 ITHEMU 2 ITHEMU 3 ITHEMU 4 3.3 Amajamo ahlukahlukeneko Amajamo ahlukahlukeneko CAPS Amajamo Ukubona nokutjho ubujamo obubusobubili Ukubona nokutjho ubujamo abobusobubili (2-D) abobusobubili (2-D) (2-D) • Indulungu • Indulungu • Uncantathu • Isikwere • Uncantathu • Uncamane • Isikwere Ubujamo bebumbeko • Uncamane Ukuhlathulula, ukuhlela nokumadanisa amajamo abusobubili (2-D): Ubujamo bebumbeko • Ubukhulu Ukuhlathulula, ukuhlela • Umbala nokumadanisa amajamo • ibumbeko abusobubili(2-D) kuya : • amahlangothi anqophileko • ngobukhulu • amahlangothi arondo • ngombala Iminqopho etjhukumeziweko nokulandelanisa imisetjenzana yeThemu • ngebumbeko yoku-1. • ngamahlangothi anqophileko • ukudlala ngokutjhaphuluka ngemihlobohlobo yamajamo okufaka hlangana iinthombe • ngamahlangothi arondo ezisikwe ezinobujamo beJiyomethriki. Lokhu kungenziwa ngesikhathi sokuzijamela. Iminqopho etjhukumeziweko nokulandelanisa imisetjenzana • Ukukopa iinthombe ezenziwe ngamajamo weJiyomethriki. Lokhu kungenziwa yeThemu yesi-4 ngesikhathi sokuzijamela. • Ukuhlela amajamo ngokuya • Ukumadanisa ubukhulu bamajamo afanako. ngokuthi anamahlangothi Isib.ukuhlela aboncamane ukusuka kencani anqophileko nofana ayindulungu. ukuya kekulu ube usebenzise ilimi lobukhulu Ukusebenza ngeendulungu ukuhlathulula ubujamo. neenkwere zobukhulu • Ukukhuluma ngemibala yamajomo bese obuhlukahlukeneko, aboncantathu kuhlelwa amajamo ngokuya kombala. naboncamane ababumbeke • Ukuhlela amajamo ngokuya ngokuthi ngendlela ezihlukeneko. anamahlangothi anqophileko nofana ayindulungu. Ukusebenza ngeendulungu • Abafundi bahlela, babeke neenkwere zobukhulu obuhlukahlukeneko, ngeenqhema ubujamo ngokuya naboncantathu naboncamane ngendlela ngokuthi ziboncantathu, iinkwere, ezihlukeneko. aboncamane nofana indulungu. • Ukuhlela nokubeka ngesiqhema amajamo • Umsebenzi uhlanganiswa ngokuya ngokuthi ziboncantathu, iinkwere, ngemisetjenzana etloliweko aboncamane, nofana ziindulungu. 67 • Umsebenzi uhlanganiswa ngemisetjenzana etloliweko ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
IINHLOKO ITHEMU 1 ITHEMU 2 ITHEMU 3 ITHEMU 4 3.4 Isimethri Isimethri 68 Isimethri Ukubona nokugwala umuda Ukubona nokugwala umuda wesimethri ebujameni obubusobubili wesimethri ebujameni obubusobubili (2-D) obusebujameni obuyiJiyomethri (2-D) obusebujameni obuyiJiyomethri nobungasiyo iJiyomethri. nobungasiyo iJiyomethri. Iminqopho etjhukumeziweko Iminqopho etjhukumeziweko yemisetjenzana yeThemu yesi-2 yemisetjenzana yeThemu yesi-4 • Imida yesimethri ezintweni • Imida yesimethri ezintweni eziphathekako neenthombeni. eziphathekako neenthombeni. • Imisetjenzana etlolwako ifanele • Imisetjenzana etlolwako ifanele ifake hlangana iimbonelo lapho ifakehlangana iimbonelo lapho umuda wesimethri awusiwo umuda umuda wesimethri ungasiwo umuda ojame rwe kwaphela. ojame rwe kwaphela. ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
UMBONOMAZOMBE WEGREYIDI YESI-2 4. UKUMEDA CAPS IINHLOKO ITHEMU 1 ITHEMU 2 ITHEMU 3 ITHEMU 4 4.1 Ukutjho isikhathi Ukutjho isikhathi Ukutjho isikhathi Ukutjho isikhathi Isikhathi • Ukutjho nokulandelanisa amalanga • Ukutjho isikhathi ngama-iri ali-12 • Ukutjho nokulandelanisa amalanga weveke. usebenzise ama-iri, nesigamu se-iri weveke. esisewatjhini ye-analogo. • Ukutjho nokulandelanisa iinyanga • Ukutjho nokulandelanisa iinyanga zonyaka. zonyaka. • Ukubeka ekhalendeni amalanga • Ukubeka ekhalendeni amalanga wamabeletho, imigidingo yekolo, wamabeletho, imigidingo yekolo, amalanga wamaholideyi, izehlakalo amalanga wamaholideyi, izehlakalo zomlando, izehlakalo zesikolo. zomlando, izehlakalo zesikolo. • Ukutjho isikhathi ngama-iri ali-12 • Ukutjho ama-iri ali-12 ngama-iri, usebenzise ama-iri, nesigamu se-iri • Ukutjho isikhathi ngama-iri ali-12 nesigamu se-iri esisewatjhini ye- esisewatjhini ye-analogo. usebenzise ama-iri, nesigamu se-iri analogo. esisewatjhini ye-analogo. Balisisa ubude besikhathi Balisisa ubude besikhathi nokudlulisa isikhathi Balilsisa ubude besikhathi Balisisa ubude besikhathi nokudlulisa isikhathi nokudlulisa isikhathi nokudlulisa isikhathi • Sebenzisa iwatjhi ukubalisisa ubude • Sebenzisa iwatjhi ukubalisisa ubude besikhathi ngama-iri nofana isigamu besikhathi ngama-iri nofana isigamu • Sebenzisa iwatjhi ukubalisisa ubude • Sebenzisa iwatjhi ukubalisisa ubude se-iri. besikhathi ngama-iri nofana isigamu se-iri. besikhathi ngama-iri nofana isigamu se-iri. se-iri. • Sebenzisa amakhalenda ukubala nokuhlathulula ubude besikhathi ngamalanga nofana ngemveke. 4.2 Ukulinganisa okungakahleleki ubude • Linganisa, meda, madanisa, hlela bewurekhode ubude kusetjhenziswa izinto zokumeda ezingakalinganiswa isib. Ubude besandla, igadango, ubude bepensela, izinto zokubala njll. • Ukuhlathulula ubude bezinto ngokuzibala nokutjho ubude ngendlela engakalinganiswa. • Ukusebenzisa ilimi ukukhuluma ngokumadanisa isib. Edenyana, efitjhazana, ede, ebanzi Ukwazisa iimedo ezihlelekileko Ukwazisa iimedo ezihlelekileko • Linganisa, meda, madanisa, hlela • Linganisa, meda, madanisa, bewurekhode ubude kusetjhenziswa hlela bewurekhode ubude amamitha (nofana iingojwana kusetjhenziswa amamitha (nofana 69 ezibubude bemitha nofana intambo iingojwana ezibubude bemitha enobude bemitha) njengeemedo nofana indambo enobude bemitha) ezihlelelweko zobude. njengemedo elihlelelweko lobude. ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
IINHLOKO ITHEMU 1 ITHEMU 2 ITHEMU 3 ITHEMU 4 4.3 Ukulinganisa okungakahleleki 70 Ubudisi • Linganisa, meda, madanisa, hlela bewurekhode ubudisi kusetjhenziswa isikala sokudzimelela nezinto zokumeda ezingakalinganiswa isib. Amabhlogo, iintina njll. • Ukuhlathulula ubudisi bezinto ngokuzibala noutjho amayunithi ngendlela engakalinganiswa. • Ukusebenzisa ilimi ukukhuluma ngokumadanisa isib. Lula, kubudisi, kulula khulu, kubudisi khulu Ukwazisa ukulinganisa Ukwazisa ukulinganisa okuhlelekileko okuhlelekileko • Ukumadanisa, ukuhlela Amathaski atloliweko ukuhlanganisa nokurekhoda ubudisa bezinto okulandelako okufaka hlangana ezipakwe ngokwerhwebo okubonisa nokufunda kweenthombe ze: ubudisi butjhiwe ngamakhilogremu isib. Amakhilogremu ama-2 wereyisi • Imikhiqizo enobudisi obutloliweko ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 nekhilogremu -1 yeflowuru kizo • Lapho kunesikala sangendlini • Isikala sangendlwaneni yokuhlambela, abafundi yokuhlambela esinenalidi ekhombe bangazilinganisa ubudisi babo ilayini yegradiyetjhini ngamakhilogremu kusetjenziswa isikala. Kulindeleke bonyana abafundi bafunde kwaphela inomboro eseduzana nekombabudisi. Bahlathulula ubudisi babo njengokuthi pheze/ citjhe/eduze ne/ khulu kancani kuna/ khulu nofana ngaphasi nofana ilingana patsi (nenomboro yamakhilogremu) bafunda esikaleni. • Lapho kunesikala sokudzimelela esinenquntu ezitlolwe ngamagremu abentwana bangalinganisa ubudisi ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
IINHLOKO ITHEMU 1 ITHEMU 2 ITHEMU 3 ITHEMU 4 4.4 Ukulinganisa okungakahleleki CAPS Umthamo/ • Linganisa, meda, madanisa, iVolumu hlela bewurekhode umthamo ongeemumathini (o.u. ubunengi isimumathi esikghona ukubuthatha nasizalisiweko) ngokusebenzisa izinto zokumeda ezingakahleleki isib. Iingobho neenkomitji. • Ukuhlathulula umthamo wesimumathi ngokubala nookutjho bonyana mayunithi amangaki angakahleleki angazalisa isimumathi isib. Ibhodlelo linomthamo weenkomitji ezine. Ukwazisa ukulinganisa Ukwazisa ukulinganisa okuhlelekileko okuhlelekileko • Ukulinganisa, ukumeda, Amathaski atloliweko ukuhlanganisa ukumadanisa, ukuhlela okulandelako okufaka hlangana bewurekhode umthamo nokufunda kweenthombe ze: wezinto ngokumeda ngamalitha • Imikhiqizo enemithamo etloliweko kusetjenziswa: kizo ukuze kulandelaniswe -- Amabhodlelo anomthamo ngokuhlela. ongamalitha • Iinthombe zeenjege lapho umthamo -- Ijege yokumeda enemida upheze walingana ilitha eli-1 enenkombamthamo wamalitha nofana amalitha ama-2 enomuda wegradetjhini • Ukumadanisa, ukuhlela nokurekhoda umthamo wezinto • Ukufunda ngokutjhideza ezipakwe ngokwerhwebo ukubonisa enomborweni enomuda umthamo obutjhiwo ngamalitha wegradetjhini ngokuhlathulula isib. Amalitha ama-2 webisi, ilitha umthamo yazo njengokuthi yi-1 yesiselo esimakhaza, amalitha pheze, eduzana, enengi kuna, ama-5 wepende elinganapatsi nenomboro (yamalitha) 71 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UMBONOMAZOMBE WEGREYIDI 2 5. UKUPHATHA IDATHA 72 IINHLOKO ITHEMU 1 ITHEMU 2 ITHEMU 3 ITHEMU 4 5.4 Eziphakamisiweko: Eziphakamisiweko: Ukubuthelela Hlanganisa umzombe wegrafu Yenza igrafu yeenthombe bewuhlele idatha yeenthombe yetlasi ngakunye eyodwa enakunye nakunye nakunye okukhambelanako. kokukhambisanako ngedatha 5.5 oyinikelweko ingaba isithombe nofana • Buthelela idatha ngetlasi nofana Ukujamiselela ithebula. ngesikolo ukuphendula imibuzo idatha ebuzwe ngutitjhere. • Buthelela idatha ngetlasi nofana ngesikolo ukuphendula imibuzo • Jamisela idatha egrafini ebuzwe ngutitjhere. yeenthombe ngakunye nakunye okukhambelanako. • Jamisela idatha egrafini yeenthombe ngakunye nakunye okukhambelanako. 5.6 • Phendula imibuzo ngedatha Ukuhlaziya idatha esijamiselelweni Ukuhlaziya idatha esijamiselelweni esegrafini yeenthombe ngakunye esinikelweko esinikelweko Ukuhlaziya bewurhumutjha nakunye okukhambelanako Eziphakamisiweko Eziphakamisiweko idatha Okungasenani igrafu Okungasenani igrafu eyodwa enakunye nakunye eyodwa enakunye nakunye ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 kokukhambisanako kokukhambisanako ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
3.4.3 Umbonomazombe we Greyidi yesi- 3 ngeThemu UMBONOMAZOMBE WEGREYIDI YESI- 3 CAPS 1.IINOMBORO, AMA-OPHARETJHINI NOBUDLELWANA IINHLOKO ITHEMU 1 ITHEMU 2 ITHEMU 3 ITHEMU 4 UKUTHUTHUKISWA KOMQONDO NOMBORO: Ukubala ngenomboro eziphelelko 1.1 Buthelela okungasenani ama- Buthelela okungasenani ama- Buthelela okungasenani ama- Buthelela okungasenani yezinto ukulinganisa nokubala yezinto ukulinganisa nokubala yezinto ukulinganisa nokubala Ukubala izinto i- yezinto ukulinganisa nokubala ngokuthembekako. ngokuthembekako. ngokuthembekako. ngokuthembekako. Ukunikela isilinganiso senomboro Ukunikela isilinganiso senomboro Ukunikela isilinganiso senomboro Ukunikela isilinganiso senomboro yezinto ezingahlolwa ngokuzibala. yezinto ezingahlolwa ngokuzibala. yezinto ezingahlolwa ngokuzibala. yezinto ezingahlolwa ngokuzibala. Amaqhinga wokuhlela izinto Amaqhinga wokuhlela izinto Amaqhinga wokuhlela izinto Amaqhinga wokuhlela izinto ngokweenqhema kuyakhuthazwa. ngokweenqhema kuyakhuthazwa. ngokweenqhema kuyakhuthazwa. ngokweenqhema kuyakhuthazwa. 1.2 Ukubala uye phambili nemuva nga: Ukubala uye phambili nemuva nga: Ukubala uye phambili nemuva nga: Ukubala uye phambili nemuva nga: Ukubala uye • Ku-1 ukusuka kwenye nenye • Ku-1 ukusuka kwenye nenye • Ku-1 ukusuka kwenye nenye • Ku-1 ukusuka kwenye nenye phambili inomboro hlangana ne-0 na-200. inomboro hlangana ne-0 na-500. inomboro hlangana ne-0 na-700. inomboro hlangana ne-0 ne-1000. nasemuva • Li-10 ukusuka kesinye nesinye • Li-10 ukusuka kesinye nesinye • Li-10 ukusuka kesinye nesinye • Li-10 ukusuka kesinye nesinye isibuyabuyelelo se-10 hlangana isibuyabuyelelo se-10 hlangana isibuyabuyelelo se-10 hlangana isibuyabuyelelo se-10 hlangana ne-0 na-200. ne-0 na-500. ne-0 na-700. ne-0 ne-1000. • Ku-5 ukusuka kesinye nesinye • Ku-5 ukusuka kesinye nesinye • Ku-5 ukusuka kesinye nesinye • Ku-5 ukusuka kesinye nesinye isibuyabuyelelo saka ku-5 hlangana isibuyabuyelelo saka ku-5 hlangana isibuyabuyelelo saka ku-5 hlangana isibuyabuyelelo saka ku-5 hlangana ne-0 na-200. ne-0 na-500. ne-0 na-700. ne-0 ne-1000. • Ku-2 ukusuka kesinye nesinye • Ku-2 ukusuka kesinye nesinye • Ku-2 ukusuka kesinye nesinye • Ku-2 ukusuka kesinye nesinye isibuyabuyelelo saka ku- 2 isibuyabuyelelo saka ku- 2 isibuyabuyelelo saka ku- 2 isibuyabuyelelo saka ku- 2 hlangana ne-0 na-200. hlangana ne-0 na-500. hlangana ne-0 na-700. hlangana ne-0 ne-1000. • Ku-3 ukusuka kesinye nesinye • Ku-3 ukusuka kesinye nesinye • Ku-3 ukusuka kesinye nesinye • Ku-3 ukusuka kesinye nesinye isibuyabuyelelo saka ku-3 hlangana isibuyabuyelelo saka ku-3 hlangana isibuyabuyelelo saka ku-3 hlangana isibuyabuyelelo saka ku-3 hlangana ne -0 na-200. ne -0 na-500. ne -0 na-700. ne -0 ne-1000 • Ku-4 ukusuka kesinye nesinye • Ku-4 ukusuka kesinye nesinye • Ku-4 ukusuka kesinye nesinye • Ku-4 ukusuka kesinye nesinye isibuyabuyelelo saka ku-4 hlangana isibuyabuyelelo saka ku-4 hlangana isibuyabuyelelo saka ku-4 hlangana isibuyabuyelelo saka ku-4 hlangana ne-0 na-200. ne-0 na-500. ne-0 na-700. ne -0 ne-1000 • Ma-100 okungasenani ukufika • Ma-50, 100 okungasenani ukufika • Ma-20, 25, 50, 100 okungasenani • Ma-20, 25, 50, 100 okungasenani e-1000. e-1000. ukufika e-1000. ukufika e-1000. 73 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
IINHLOKO ITHEMU 1 ITHEMU 2 ITHEMU 3 ITHEMU 4 UKUTHUTHUKISWA KOMQONDONOMBORO : Jamiselela iinomboro ezipheleleko 74 1.3 Ukufanisa, ukubona nokufunda Ukufanisa, ukubona nokufunda Ukufanisa, ukubona nokufunda Ukufanisa, ukubona nokufunda iinomboro iinomboro iinomboro iinomboro Amatshwayo namagama • Ukufanisa, ukubona nokufunda • Ukufanisa, ukubona nokufunda • Ukufanisa, ukubona nokufunda • Ukufanisa, ukubona nokufunda amatshwayo wenomboro ukusuka amatshwayo wenomboro ukusuka amatshwayo wenomboro ukusuka amatshwayo wenomboro ukusuka wenomboro kweli ukuya e-500 kweli ukuya e-1000 kweli ukuya e-1000 kweli ukuya e-1000 • Ukutlola amatshwayo wenomboro • Ukutlola amatshwayo wenomboro • Ukutlola amatshwayo wenomboro • Ukutlola amatshwayo wenomboro ukusuka kweli ukuya e-500 ukusuka kweli ukuya e-1000 ukusuka kweli ukuya e-1000 ukusuka kweli ukuya e-1000 • Ukufanisa, ukubona nokufunda • Ukufanisa, ukubona nokufunda • Ukufanisa, ukubona nokufunda • Ukufanisa, ukubona nokufunda igama lenomboro ukusuka kweli igama lenomboro ukusuka kweli igama lenomboro ukusuka kweli igama lenomboro ukusuka kweli ukuya ema-250 ukuya ema-250 ukuya ema-500 ukuya ema-1000 • Ukutlola amagama weenomboro • Ukutlola amagama weenomboro • Ukutlola amagama weenomboro • Ukutlola amagama weenomboro ukusuka kweli ukuya ema-100 ukusuka kweli ukuya ema-250 ukusuka kweli ukuya ema-500 ukusuka kweli ukuya ema-1000 UKUTHUTHUKISWA KOMQONDONOMORO: Ukuhlathulula, ukumadanisa and nokuhlela iinomboro ezipheleleko 1.4 Ukukhumbula, ukumadanisa and Ukukhumbula, ukumadanisa and Ukukhumbula, ukumadanisa and Ukukhumbula, ukumadanisa and nokuhlela iinomboro ukufika ku 99 nokuhlela iinomboro ukufika ku 500 nokuhlela iinomboro ukufika ku 700 nokuhlela iinomboro ukufika ku Ukuhlathulula, • Ukumadanisa iinomboro 1000 ukumadanisa • Ukumadanisa iinomboro • Ukumadanisa iinomboro ezipheleleko ngokusebenzisa ezipheleleko ngokusebenzisa ezipheleleko ngokusebenzisa • Ukumadanisa iinomboro nokuhlela kuncani kuna, kukhulu kuna, kuncani kuna, kukhulu kuna, kuncani kuna, kukhulu kuna, ezipheleleko ngokusebenzisa iinomboro kunengi kuna, kungaphasi kuna kunengi kuna, kungaphasi kuna kunengi kuna, kungaphasi kuna kuncani kuna, kukhulu kuna, ezipheleleko ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 nokuthi kuyalingana. nokuthi kuyalingana. nokuthi kuyalingana. kunengi kuna, kungaphasi kuna • Ukulandelanisa iinomboro nokuthi kuyalingana. • Ukulandelanisa iinomboro • Ukulandelanisa iinomboro ezipheleleko kusukela kencani ukuya ezipheleleko kusukela kencani ezipheleleko kusukela kencani kekulu khulu nokusuka kwekulu khulu • Ukulandelanisa iinomboro ukuya kekulu khulu nokusuka ukuya kekulu khulu nokusuka ukuya kwencani khulu. ezipheleleko kusukela kencani kwekulu khulu ukuya kwencani kwekulu khulu ukuya kwencani • Ukusebenzisa iinomborosikhundla ukuya kekulu khulu nokusuka khulu. khulu. ukutjengisa ukuhleleka, indawo kwekulu khulu ukuya kwencani nofana ubujamo khulu. • Ukusebenzisa, ukufunda nokutlola iinomboro sikhundla okufaka hlangana inhlobo elirhunyeziweko ukufikela ku-31 UKUTHUTHUKISWA KOMQONDONOMORO: Ubukhulu bedijithi 1.5 Ukukhumbula ubukhulu bedijithi Ukukhumbula ubukhulu bedijithi Ukukhumbula ubukhulu bedijithi Ukukhumbula ubukhulu bedijithi yeenomboro kufika e-99 yeenomboro kufika e-500 yeenomboro kufika e-700 yeenomboro kufika e-999 Ubukhulu • Ukwazi bonyana idijithi nedijithi • Ukwazi bonyana idijithi nedijithi • Ukwazi bonyana idijithi nedijithi • Ukwazi bonyana idijithi nedijithi bedijithi lijamele ini. lijamele ini. lijamele ini. lijamele ini. • Ukuhlahlela iinomboro • Ukuhlahlela iinomboro • Ukuhlahlela iinomboro • Ukuhlahlela iinomboro ezinamadijithi amabili zibe ezinamadijithi amathathu zibe ezinamadijithi amathathu zibe ezinamadijithi amathathu zibe ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) kubuyabuyelela kwamatjhumi kubuyabuyelela kwamatjhumi kubuyabuyelela kwamatjhumi kubuyabuyelela kwamatjhumi nemivo/ngakunye. nemivo/ngakunye. nemivo/ngakunye. nemivo/ngakunye. • Ukufanisa nokutjho ubukhulu • Ukufanisa nokutjho ubukhulu • Ukufanisa nokutjho ubukhulu • Ukufanisa nokutjho ubukhulu bedijithi enye nenye. bedijithi enye nenye. bedijithi enye nenye. bedijithi enye nenye.
IINHLOKO ITHEMU 1 ITHEMU 2 ITHEMU 3 ITHEMU 4 UKURARULULA IMIRARO ESEBUJAMENI 1.6 Sebenzisa amathekhiniki Sebenzisa amathekhiniki Sebenzisa amathekhiniki Sebenzisa amathekhiniki CAPS Amathekhiniki alandelako lokha urarulula imiraro alandelako lokha urarulula imiraro alandelako lokha urarulula imiraro alandelako lokha urarulula imiraro wokurarulula bekuhlathululwe iinsombululo bekuhlathululwe iinsombululo bekuhlathululwe iinsombululo bekuhlathululwe iinsombululo zemiraro: zemiraro: zemiraro: zemiraro: imiraro • Ukwakha nokuphula kweenomboro • Ukwakha nokuphula kweenomboro • Ukwakha nokuphula kweenomboro • Ukwakha nokuphula kweenomboro • Ukubuyelela kabili nokuhafula • Ukubuyelela kabili nokuhafula • Ukubuyelela kabili nokuhafula • Ukubuyelela kabili nokuhafula phakathi phakathi phakathi phakathi • Inambalayini • Inambalayini • Inambalayini • Inambalayini • Tjhideza eduze kwetjhumi • Tjhideza eduze kwetjhumi • Tjhideza eduze kwetjhumi Rarulula imiraro yamagama Rarulula imiraro yamagama Rarulula imiraro yamagama Rarulula imiraro yamagama 1.7 ezisebujameni bewuhlathulule ezisebujameni bewuhlathulule ezisebujameni bewuhlathulule ezisebujameni bewuhlathulule iinsombululo zakho zemiraro iinsombululo zakho zemiraro iinsombululo zakho zemiraro iinsombululo zakho zemiraro Ukuhlanganisa ezifaka ukuhlanganisa nokukhupha ezifaka ukuhlanganisa nokukhupha ezifaka ukuhlanganisa nokukhupha ezifaka ukuhlanganisa nokukhupha nokukhupha nempendulo ukufika e-99. nempendulo ukufika e-400. nempendulo ukufika e-800. nempendulo ukufika e-999. 1.8 Rarulula imiraro yamagama Rarulula imiraro yamagama Rarulula imiraro yamagama Rarulula imiraro yamagama ukuhlanganisa ezisebujameni bewuhlathulule ezisebujameni bewuhlathulule ezisebujameni bewuhlathulule ezisebujameni bewuhlathulule ngokubuyelela iinsombululo zakho zemiraro, ezifaka iinsombululo zakho zemiraro, ezifaka iinsombululo zakho zemiraro, ezifaka iinsombululo zakho zemiraro, ezifaka okurholela ukubuyabuyelela okunempendulo ukubuyabuyelela okunempendulo ukubuyabuyelela okunempendulo ukubuyabuyelela okunempendulo ekubuyabuyeleleni ufikela e-50. ufikela e-75. ufikela e-75. ufikela e-100. 1.9 Ukurarulula imiraro yamagama Ukurarulula imiraro yamagama Ukurarulula imiraro yamagama Ukurarulula imiraro yamagama Ukubuthelela ezisebujameni bewuhlathulule ezisebujameni bewuhlathulule ezisebujameni bewuhlathulule ezisebujameni bewuhlathulule nokwabelana iinsombululo zakho ufake ukwabelana iinsombululo zakho ufake ukwabelana iinsombululo zakho ufake ukwabelana iinsombululo zakho ufake ukwabelana ngokulingana nokubuthelela ngokulingana nokubuthelela ngokulingana nokubuthelela ngokulingana nokubuthelela okurholela ek- ngeenqhema kweenomboro ngeenqhema kweenomboro ngeenqhema kweenomboro ngeenqhema kweenomboro wahlukanisela- ezipheleleko ukufika e-50 kanye ezipheleleko ukufika e-75 kanye ezipheleleko ukufika e-75 kanye ezipheleleko ukufika e-100 kanye neni nempendulo ezingahle zifaka nempendulo ezingahle zifaka nempendulo ezingahle zifaka nempendulo ezingahle zifaka iinsalela. iinsalela. iinsalela. iinsalela. 1.10 Ukurarulula bewuhlathulule Ukurarulula bewuhlathulule Ukurarulula bewuhlathulule Ukurarulula bewuhlathulule Ukwabelana iinsombululo zemiraro ephathekako iinsombululo zemiraro ephathekako iinsombululo zemiraro ephathekako iinsombululo zemiraro ephathekako okurholela efaka hlangana ukwabelana efaka hlangana ukwabelana efaka hlangana ukwabelana efaka hlangana ukwabelana ngokulingana erholela empendulweni ngokulingana erholela empendulweni ngokulingana erholela empendulweni ngokulingana erholela empendulweni emafraktjhinini zamafraktjhini wohlavu olulodwa zamafraktjhini wohlavu olulodwa zamafraktjhini wohlavu olulodwa zamafraktjhini wohlavu olulodwa nalayo angenahlavu eyodwa. isib. njll. nalayo angenahlavu eyodwa. isib. njll. nalayo angenahlavu eyodwa. isib. njll. nalayo angenahlavu eyodwa. isib. njll. 1.11 • Ukukhumbula nokufanisa imali • Ukukhumbula nokufanisa imali • Ukukhumbula nokufanisa imali • Ukukhumbula nokufanisa imali Imali yeSewula Afrika eziinhlamvu yeSewula Afrika eziinhlamvu yeSewula Afrika eziinhlamvu yeSewula Afrika eziinhlamvu nemali yamaphepha nemali yamaphepha nemali yamaphepha nemali yamaphepha • Ukurarulula imiraro yemali efaka • Ukurarulula imiraro yemali efaka • Ukurarulula imiraro yemali efaka • Ukurarulula imiraro yemali efaka hlangana inani netjhentjhi hlangana inani netjhentjhi hlangana inani netjhentjhi hlangana inani netjhentjhi 75 ngamasende namaranda. ngamasende namaranda. ngamasende namaranda. ngamasende namaranda. • Tjhugulula imali yamaranda • Tjhugulula imali yamaranda namasende. namasende. ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
IINHLOKO ITHEMU 1 ITHEMU 2 ITHEMU 3 ITHEMU 4 UKUBALA OBUSEBUJAMENI OBUTJHAPHULUKILEKO 76 1.12 Ukusebenzisa amathekhiniki Ukusebenzisa amathekhiniki Ukusebenzisa amathekhiniki Ukusebenzisa amathekhiniki Amathekhiniki alandelako nakubalisiswako: alandelako nakubalisiswako : alandelako nakubalisiswako : alandelako nakubalisiswako : (iindlela nofana • Ukwakha nokuphula kweenomboro • Ukwakha nokuphula kweenomboro • Ukwakha nokuphula kweenomboro • Ukwakha nokuphula kweenomboro amaqhinga) • Ukubuyelela kabili nokuhafula • Ukubuyelela kabili nokuhafula • Ukubuyelela kabili nokuhafula • Ukubuyelela kabili nokuhafula phakathi phakathi phakathi phakathi • Inambalayini • Inambalayini • Inambalayini • Inambalayini • Tjhideza eduze kwetjhumi • Tjhideza eduze kwetjhumi • Tjhideza eduze kwetjhumi 1.13 • Ukuhlanganisa ukufikela ku-99 • Ukuhlanganisa ukufikela ema-400 • Ukuhlanganisa ukufikela ema-800 • Ukuhlanganisa ukufikela ema-800 Ukuhlanganisa • Ukukhupha ku-99 • Ukukhupha ema-400 • Ukukhupha ema-800 • Ukukhupha ema-800 nokukhupha • Ukusebenzisa amatshwayo • Ukusebenzisa amatshwayo • Ukusebenzisa amatshwayo • Ukusebenzisa amatshwayo afaneleko (+, –, =, ) afaneleko (+, –, =, ) afaneleko (+, –, =, ) afaneleko (+, –, =, ) • Ukulungiselela iinomboro bhodi • Ukulungiselela iinomboro bhodi • Ukulungiselela iinomboro bhodi • Ukulungiselela iinomboro bhodi ukufika e 20 ukufika e 30 ukufika e 30 ukufika e 30 1.14 • Buyelela iinomboro kusuka ku-1 • Buyelela i-2, 3, 4, 5, 10 kufika e-50 • Buyelela i-2, 3, 4, 5, 10 kufika e-100 • Buyelela i-2, 3, 4, 5, 10 kufika e-100 Ukuhlanganisa kufika e-10 nge 2, 5, 3, 4 • Ukusebenzisa amatshwayo • Ukusebenzisa amatshwayo • Ukusebenzisa amatshwayo ngokubuyelela • Ukusebenzisa amatshwayo ngokufaneleko (x, =, ) ngokufaneleko (x, =, ) ngokufaneleko (x, =, ) okurholela ngokufaneleko (x, =, ) ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 ekubuyabuyele- leni 1.15 • Hlukanisa iinomboro kufika e-50 • Hlukanisa iinomboro kufika e-50 • Hlukanisa iinomboro kufika e-99 • Hlukanisa iinomboro kufika e-99 Ukuhlukanisa nga 2, 5, 10 nga 2, 4, 5, 10 nga 2, 3, 4, 5, 10 nga 2, 3, 4, 5, 10 • Ukusebenzisa amatshwayo • Ukusebenzisa amatshwayo • Ukusebenzisa amatshwayo • Ukusebenzisa amatshwayo ngokufaneleko (÷, =, ) ngokufaneleko (÷, =, ) ngokufaneleko (÷, =, ) ngokufaneleko (÷, =, ) ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
IINHLOKO ITHEMU 1 ITHEMU 2 ITHEMU 3 ITHEMU 4 1.16 Umqondonomboro: Iinombiri Umqondonomboro: Iinombiri Umqondonomboro: Iinombiri Umqondonomboro: Iinombiri ezihlangana na 200 ezihlangana na 500 ezihlangana na 750 ezihlangana ne 999 CAPS Imbalo zehloko • Ukurhemisa iinomboro • Ukurhemisa iinomboro • Ukurhemisa iinomboro • Ukurhemisa iinomboro ezikhethiweko ngokwesede ezikhethiweko ngokwesede ezikhethiweko ngokwesede ezikhethiweko ngokwesede enikeliweko. enikeliweko. enikeliweko. enikeliweko. • Ukuqanathisa iinomboro ukufika ku- • Ukuqanathisa iinomboro ukufika ku- • Ukuqanathisa iinomboro ukufika ku- • Ukuqanathisa iinomboro ukufika ku- 200 bewutjho bonyana ngiyiphi: 500 bewutjho bonyana ngiyiphi: 750 bewutjho bonyana ngiyiphi: 999 bewutjho bonyana ngiyiphi: -- enengi nga-1 nofana encani nga-1 -- enengi nga-1 nofana encani nga-1 -- enengi nga-1 nofana encani nga-1 -- enengi nga-1 nofana encani nga-1 -- enengi nga-2 nofana encani nga-2 -- enengi nga-2 nofana encani nga-2 -- enengi nga-2 nofana encani nga-2 -- enengi nga-2 nofana encani nga-2 -- enengi nga-3 nofana encani nga-3 -- enengi nga-3 nofana encani nga-3 -- enengi nga-3 nofana encani nga-3 -- enengi nga-3 nofana encani nga-3 -- enengi nga-4 nofana encani nga-4 -- enengi nga-4 nofana encani nga-4 -- enengi nga-4 nofana encani nga-4 -- enengi nga-4 nofana encani nga-4 -- enengi nga-5 nofana encani nga-5 -- enengi nga-5 nofana encani nga-5 -- enengi nga-5 nofana encani nga-5 -- enengi nga-5 nofana encani nga-5 -- enengi nge-10 nofana encani nge- -- enengi nge-10 nofana encani nge- -- enengi nge-10 nofana encani nge- -- enengi nge-10 nofana encani nge- 10 10 10 10 Ukukhumbula masinyana: Ukukhumbula masinyana: Ukukhumbula masinyana: Ukukhumbula masinyana: • Ukukhumbula amaphuzu • Ukukhumbula amaphuzu • Ukukhumbula amaphuzu • Ukukhumbula amaphuzu wamambala ngokuhlanganisa wamambala ngokuhlanganisa wamambala ngokuhlanganisa wamambala ngokuhlanganisa nokukhupha ukufika e- 20. nokukhupha ukufika e- 20 nokukhupha ukufika e- 20 nokukhupha ukufika e- 20 • Hlanganisa nofana ukhuphe • Hlanganisa nofana ukhuphe • Hlanganisa nofana ukhuphe • Hlanganisa nofana ukhuphe iimbuyabuyeleli ze-10 ukusukela e-0 iimbuyabuyeleli ze-10 ukusukela e-0 iimbuyabuyeleli ze-10 ukusukela e-0 iimbuyabuyeleli ze-10 ukusukela e-0 ukuya e-100. ukuya e-100. ukuya e-100. ukuya e-100 • Ukubuyabuyelela nokuhlukanisa amaphuzu wamambala wa: -- Wamathebula wangakubili ukufikela ku-2x10 -- Wamathebula wangalitjhumi ukufikela e-10x10 Amaqhinga wokubalisa Amaqhinga wokubalisa Amaqhinga wokubalisa Amaqhinga wokubalisa Ukusebenzisa amaqhinga wokubalisa Ukusebenzisa amaqhinga wokubalisa Ukusebenzisa amaqhinga wokubalisa Ukusebenzisa amaqhinga wokubalisa ukuhlanganisa nokukhupha ukuhlanganisa nokukhupha ukuhlanganisa nokukhupha ukuhlanganisa nokukhupha ngekghono elifaneleko: ngekghono elifaneleko: ngekghono elifaneleko: ngekghono elifaneleko: • Beka inomboro ekulu maqangi • Beka inomboro ekulu maqangi • Beka inomboro ekulu maqangi • Beka inomboro ekulu maqangi ukuze ubale uye phambili nofana ukuze ubale uye phambili nofana ukuze ubale uye phambili nofana ukuze ubale uye phambili nofana ubale uye emuva ubale uye emuva ubale uye emuva ubale uye emuva • Inambalayini yehloko • Inambalayini yehloko • Inambalayini yehloko • Inambalayini yehloko • Ukubuyelela nokuhlukanisa • Ukubuyelela nokuhlukanisa • Ukubuyelela nokuhlukanisa • Ukubuyelela nokuhlukanisa • Ukwakha nokuphula • Ukwakha nokuphula • Ukwakha nokuphula • Ukwakha nokuphula • Ukusebenzisa ubudlelwana • Ukusebenzisa ubudlelwana • Ukusebenzisa ubudlelwana • Ukusebenzisa ubudlelwana obuphakathi kokuhlanganisa obuphakathi kokuhlanganisa obuphakathi kokuhlanganisa obuphakathi kokuhlanganisa nokukhupha. nokukhupha. nokukhupha. nokukhupha. 77 Ukusebenzisa ubudlelwano phakathi Ukusebenzisa ubudlelwano phakathi kokubuyabuyelela nokuhlukanisa kokubuyabuyelela nokuhlukanisa ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
IINHLOKO ITHEMU 1 ITHEMU 2 ITHEMU 3 ITHEMU 4 1.17 • Sebenzisa bewutjho amafraktjhini • Sebenzisa bewutjho amafraktjhini • Sebenzisa bewutjho amafraktjhini • Sebenzisa bewutjho amafraktjhini 78 Amafraktjhini okufaka hlangana namahafu, okufaka hlangana neengcezu, okufaka hlangana neengcezu, okufaka hlangana neengcezu, amakota, kwesithathu, kobunane amakota, kwesithathu, kobunane amakota, kwesithathu, kobunane amakota, kwesithathu, kobunane nokwesihlanu njll nokwesihlanu njll nokwesihlanu njll nokwesihlanu njll • Ukubona amafraktjhini ebujameni • Ukubona amafraktjhini ebujameni • Ukubona amafraktjhini ebujameni • Ukubona amafraktjhini ebujameni obuyidayagremu obuyidayagremu obuyidayagremu obuyidayagremu • Tlola amafraktjhini njengehafu yi-1 , • Tlola amafraktjhini njenge hafu yi-1 , • Ukuthoma ukubona iincezu ezimbili • Ukuthoma ukubona iincezu ezimbili ku-1 kokuthathu ku-1kokuthathu nofana iintathu ezintathu zenza nofana iintathu ezintathu zenza okukodwa okuzeleko godu ucezu okukodwa okuzeleko godu ucezu namakotara amabili ziyalingana. namakotara amabili ziyalingana. • Tlola amafraktjhini njenge hafu yi-1, • Tlola amafraktjhini njenge hafu yi-1, ku-2-kokuthathu. ku-2-kokuthathu ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 Imihlobo yemiraro yeGreyidi yesi-3 Lezi ziimbonelo zemihlobo yemiraro ekufanele utitjhere azethule ngokuzibuyelela njalo etlasini lakhe. Nangabe utitjhere usebenza ngesiqhema esincani, kufanele aveze umraro ngokukhuluma. Nangabe abafundi bayakwazi ukufunda, utitjhere angabanikela umraro otloliweko, nokho utitjhere kusafanele aveze umraro ngokukhuluma. Imiraro esebujameni ingafakwa emaphepheni wabantwana wokusebenzela, nokho ifanele ibe mifitjhani, inqophe bekube ngejayelekileko/ngevamileko, begodu utitjhere ufanele aqinisekise bonyana boke abafundi bayayizwisisa. Ukubuthelela Ukubuthelela, ukulahla isalela Umbhagi uthengisa amarolo woburotho ngamaphakethi athwala -12. Unamarolo woburotho anga- 118. Maphakethe amangaki angawenza ngemphakethi ezithwele -12 ngayinye? Ukubuthelela, ukungenisa isalela ephendulweni Umlimi unamaqanda ama-227. Ngemabhoksini ufaka 6 yamaqanda, uzodinga amabhoksi amangaki ukufaka amaqanda woke? Ukwabelana Ukwabelana, ukulahla isalela. Abangani abahlanu bahlukaniselana ibhoksi lamaswidi ama-84, bonyana boke bathole amaswidi ngokulinganako. Umngani ngamunye uzokuthola ngaki yamaswidi? Ukwabelana okurholela emafraktjhinini Hlukanisa amatjhokolethi ali-15, wabele abangani abasithandathu ngokulinganako kungabi nesalela. Amafraktjhini nebuthelelo Ugogo unikela uZizi R12. UZizi ufuna ukonga isithathu semali. Yimalini afanele bonyana ayonge? Imihlobo le yemiraro kufanele inikelwe abafundi ngemuva kokuba sele bararulule imiraro engaba mine nofana mihlanu, ekhokhela emihlobeni yamafraktjhini bebazi namabizo weengcezu zamafraktjhini. Ukuhlanganisa amafraktjhini Umbanduli webhola yezandla unikela ingcenye ye-orentji komunye nomunye umdlali. Abadlali bebhola yezandla bali-14. Umbanduli uthloga ama-orentji amangaki? Imihlobo le yemiraro kufanele inikelwe abafundi ngemuva kokuba sele bararulule imiraro engaba mine nofana mihlanu, ekhokhela emihlobeni yamafraktjhini bebazi namabizo weengcezu zamafraktjhini. Ukwabelana ngokulinganako UPeter mncancani kunoRhulani. Lokha uPeter nakadla isineyi sinye soburotho, uRhulani udinga zimbili iineyi zoburotho. Lokha uPeter adla mbili yeeneyi, uRhulani uthloga iineyi ezine zoburotho. Ngemuva kwamalanga badle iineyi ezi-12. UPeter udle iineyi ezingaki noRhulani wadla zingaki? CAPS 79
ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 UMandla noSizwe benza umsetjenzana bobabili. UMandla usebenza ama-iri amathathu, USizwe yena usebenza i-iri yinye. Babhadelwe R60. Kufanele bayabelane njani imali? Ukuhlanganisa okubuyelelweko Iinkoloyi ezi-36 zinamavili amangaki? Linganisa UThami wonga 35c njalo ngeveke. Uzokonga malini eemvekeni ezi-8? Amagridi Umnumzane Khumalo utjala amareyi a-20 wenhlahla zama-orentji. Kunenhlahla ezi-12 ereyini ngayinye. Zingaki inhlahla sezizoke? Ukuhlanganisa nokukhupha Kunemihlobo emithathu yemiraro esisekelo yokuhlanganisa nokukhupha, omunye nomunye umraro ungabuzwa ngendlela ehlukileko. Imihlobo esisekelo ngile: Itjhuguluko UNoluthando ubuthelele iintikara ezi-234. UGugu wamnikela iintikara ezi-80 ngaphezulu. Sekaneentikara ezingaki kwanjesi? Kunabakhweli aba-500 ngesitimeleni kwathi aba-176 behla. Kunabakhweli abangaki abasele ngesitimeleni? Ukuhlanganisa UNosisi ubuthelela izinto ezakhe zasebenza ulungiselela iphrojekthi yesikolo. Ubuthelele amabhodlela weplasitiki ayi-124 namaketukana a-268. Ubuthelele izinto ezingaki? Isitolo sinamaphakethi wamatjhipsi a-368; ama-82 ngawe Chippos amanye ngaweZiksnacks. Maphakhethe amangaki wamaZiksnacks alapho? Ukumadanisa Abentwana begreyidi 2 babuthelele R446, kwathi abentwana begreyidi 3 babuthelela R729. Abentwana begreyidi 3 babuthelele malini ukudlula begreyidi 2? Ukubuza omunye nomunye umraro ngendlela ehlukileko. Imiraro kufanele ibuzwe ngendlela ehlukileko. Isib. Yomibili imiraro le miraro etjhugulukileko, kodwana “ ukungaziwako” kusendaweni ezihlukeneko. Isitolo besinamaphakethe wepuphu, kwa odwa amanye ayi-55. Manjesi sekunamaphakethe wepuphu ali-170. Bekunanaphakethe wepuphu amangaki ekuthomeni? Isitolo besinamaphakethe wetjhukela ama-500. Ngemuva kokuthengisa amanye amaphakethe, basala nama-324 wamaphakethe wetjhukela aseleko. Bathengise amaphakethe amangaki? 80 ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 Ubujamo bemiraro noBudlelwana bemisebenzi ehlukileko. ULina uthengisa amahotdog nge R4 ngalinye. Yenza ithebula elizomsiza ukuthola inani le-oda ekulu. Inani lama hotdogi 1 2 3 4 5 10 20 Inani ngama R 4 8 Sebenzisa ithebula elingehla ukuthola inani lamahotdog alikhomba namahotdog ali-15. USibongile uhlala nabantwana. Ubiza ama R20 imali yokukhwela, bese ubiza R5 nge-iri ukuhlala nomntwana. Qedelela ithebula elilandelako. Inani lama -iri 1 2 3 4 5 10 Inani ngama R 25 30 Yelela bonyana umraro waka Sibongile nomraro wakaLina isetjenzwe ngendlela ezihlukileko. Imihlobo yemiraro engehla inikelelweukuhlahla / ukukhokhela abotitjhere. Abafundi abangathweswa umthwalo ngemihlobo yamagama. Yelela bonyana abafundi ngasikhathi basebenzisa iindlela ezihlukileko ukusombulula umraro okungahle kungabi ngilokho utitjhere ebekakulindeleko. Isib. Umraro wokuhlukanisa ungasonjululwa ngokukhupha okubuyabuyelelweko, ukuhlanganisa nofana ukubuyabuyelela. Iindlela zabafundi zizokutjhuguluka ngokukhamba konyaka njengombana ukuzwisisa kwabo nokuzijayeza imihlobo yemiraro ehlukahlukeneko, nangokuthuthuka kweenomboromqondo yabo CAPS 81
UMBONOMAZOMBE WEGREYIDI YESI-3 2. AMAPHETHENI, AMAFANKTJHINI NE-ALJIBHRA 82 IINHLOKO ITHEMU 1 ITHEMU 2 ITHEMU 3 ITHEMU 4 2.1 Ukukopa, ukwandisa Ukukopa, ukwandisa Ukukopa, ukwandisa Amaphetheni akhona koke Amaphetheni nokuhlathulula nokuhlathulula nokuhlathulula Ukubona, ukuhlathulula ngamagama weJiyomethri Ukukopa, ukwandisa nokuhlathulula Ukukopa, ukwandisa nokuhlathulula Ukukopa, ukwandisa nokuhlathulula godu ukope amaphetheni ngamagama ngamagama ngamagama weJiyomethri. • Amaphetheni enziwe ngezinto • Amaphetheni enziwe ngezinto • Amaphetheni enziwe ngezinto • Ngokwemvelo eziphathekako eziphathekako eziphathekako • Ngepilo yesimodeni • Amaphetheni enziwa ngokugwala • Amaphetheni enziwa ngokugwala • Amaphetheni enziwa ngokugwala • Okususelwe kumagugu wesitjhaba imida, ubujamo nofana izinto. imida, ubujamo nofana izinto. imida, ubujamo nofana izinto. Amaphetheni ahlukahlukeneko: Amaphetheni ahlukahlukeneko : Amaphetheni ahlukahlukeneko : • Amaphetheni alula lapho amajamo, • Amaphetheni alula lapho amajamo, • Amaphetheni alula lapho inani nofana ibuthelelo lobujamo nofana ibuthelelo lobujamo lamajamo kesinye nesinye isigaba libuyelelwa ngendlela efana patsi. libuyelelwa ngendlela efana patsi. litjhuguluka ngendlela yokubonela • Amaphetheni lapho inomboro phambili: o.u. amaphetheni nofana ubukhulu bobujamo kesinye ayangezeleleka njalonjalo. nesinye isigaba buyatjhuguluka ngendlela yokubonela phambili: o.u. njalonjalo amaphetheni ayangezeleleka Ukutlhama nokuhlathulula Ukutlhama nokuhlathulula ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 Ukutlhama nokuhlathulula iphetheni okungewakhe iphetheni okungewakhe iphetheni okungewakhe • Ukutlhama iphetheni yeJiyomethri • Ukutlhama iphetheni yeJiyomethri • Ukutlhama iphetheni yeJiyomethri okungewakhe okungewakhe okungewakhe -- Ngezinto eziphathekako -- Ngezinto eziphathekako -- Ngezinto eziphathekako -- Ngokugwala imida, ubujamo -- Ngokugwala imida, ubujamo -- Ngokugwala imida, ubujamo nofana izinto nofana izinto nofana izinto • Ukuhlathulula iphetheni • Ukuhlathulula iphetheni • Ukuhlathulula iphetheni okungewakhe okungewakhe okungewakhe 2.2 Ukukopa, ukungezelela Ukukopa, ukungezelela Ukukopa, ukungezelela Ukukopa, ukungezelela Amaphetheni nokuhlathulula: nokuhlathulula: nokuhlathulula: nokuhlathulula : weenomboro Ukukopa, ukungezelela nokuhlathulula Ukukopa, ukungezelela nokuhlathulula Ukukopa, ukungezelela nokuhlathulula Ukukopa, ukungezelela nokuhlathulula ukulandelana kweenomboro ukulandelana kweenomboro ukulandelana kweenomboro ukulandelana kweenomboro okungenani ukufika e-200. okungenani ukufika e-500. okungenani ukufika e-750. okungenani ukufika e-1000. Ukulandelana kufanele kutjhengise Ukulandelana kufanele kutjhengise Ukulandelana kufanele kutjhengise Ukulandelana kufanele kutjhengise ukubala uye phambili nemuva nga: ukubala uye phambili nemuva nga: ukubala uye phambili nemuva nga: ukubala uye phambili nemuva nga: • amakhefu anqotjhisiweko eGreyidini • amakhefu anqotjhisiweko eGreyidini • amakhefu anqotjhisiweko eGreyidini • amakhefu anqotjhisiweko eGreyidini yesi-2 ngamarherho weenomboro yesi-2 ngamarherho weenomboro yesi-2 ngamarherho weenomboro yesi-2 ngamarherho weenomboro ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) angezelelweko. angezelelweko. angezelelweko angezelelweko. • ngama -100 ukuya okungasenani • Ngama 50, 100, ukuya • ngama -20, 25, 50, 100, ukuya • ngama -20, 25, 50, 100, ukuya ema-500. okungasenani e-1000. okungasenani e-1000 okungasenani e-1000.
UMBONOMAZOMBE WEGREYIDI YESI-3 3. ISIKHALA NOBUJAMO (JIYOMETHRI) CAPS IINHLOKO ITHEMU 1 ITHEMU 2 ITHEMU 3 ITHEMU 4 3.1 Ubujamo nokubukela Ubujamo nokubukela Ubujamo, • Madanisa imibono ehlukeneko • Ukufunda, ukurhumutjha nokugwala ukuzijayeza yezinto ezifanako zangamalanga amamebhe angakahleleki, nofana nokubukela woke. ukubona ilingaphezulu lezinto • Itjho into oyibona ngamalanga ezibuthelweleko. woke nakuvezwa ihlangothi • Thola izinto emimebheni. elingakajayeleki. Ubujamo nekombatjhuba Ubujamo nekombatjhuba • Ukulandela ilayelo kusuka • Landela ikombatjhuba endaweni eyodwa kuya kwenye ukukhambakhamba ngetlasini emamebheni angakahleleki nasesikoleni. • Ukunikela ilayelo ukukhambakhamba ngetlasini nasesikoleni 83 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
IINHLOKO ITHEMU 1 ITHEMU 2 ITHEMU 3 ITHEMU 4 3.2 Amajamo ahlukahlukeneko Amajamo ahlukahlukeneko Amajamo ahlukahlukeneko 84 Ukukhumbula nokutjho izinto ezi Ukukhumbula nokutjho izinto ezi Ukukhumbula nokutjho izinto ezi Izinto abobusontathu (3-D)ezingetlasini abobusontathu (3-D)ezingetlasini abobusontathu (3-D)ezingetlasini ezibusontathu neenthombeni neenthombeni neenthombeni (3-D) • Ubujamo bebhola (indulungu) • Ubujamo bebhola (indulungu) • Ubujamo bebhola (indulungu) • Ubujamo bebhoksi (iphrizimu) • Ubujamo bebhoksi (iphrizimu) • Ubujamo bebhoksi (iphrizimu) • Amasilinda • Amasilinda • Amasilinda • Amaphiramidi • Amaphiramidi • Iinkurwana • Iinkurwana Amatshwayo wezinto Amatshwayo wezinto Amatshwayo wezinto Ukuhlathulula, ukubeka ngeengaba Ukuhlathulula, ukubeka ngeengaba Ukuhlathulula, ukubeka ngeengaba nokumadanisa izinto ezi abobusontathu nokumadanisa izinto ezi abobusontathu nokumadanisa izinto ezi abobusontathu (3-D) ngokuya nge: (3-D) ngokuya nge: (3-D) ngokuya nge: • ngokuya ngamajamo labobusobubili (2- • ngokuya ngamajamo labobusobubili (2- • ngokuya ngamajamo labobusobubili (2- D) elenza ubuso bezinto zabobusontathu D) elenza ubuso bezinto zabobusontathu D) elenza ubuso bezinto zabobusontathu (3-D) (3-D) (3-D) • iindawo esipara nofana ilingaphandle • iindawo esipara nofana ilingaphandle • iindawo esipara nofana ilingaphandle eligobeneko eligobeneko eligobeneko • Umnqopho otjhukumeziweko Imisetjenzana enqophiweko eseThemeni 2 Tjheja bewakhe izinto ze abobusontathu Imisetjenzana enqophiweko (3-D) ezinikelweko ngokusebenzisa Tjheja bewakhe izinto ze abobusontathu amamathiriyeli aphathekako afana (3-D) ezinikelweko ngokusebenzisa naikiweko akhitjhwa amajamo we ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 amamathiriyeli aphathekako afana abobusobubili naikiweko akhitjhwa amajamo we (2-D), umdaka/ibumba, isibangulimazinyo, abobusobubili iphayiphi lokusela nezinye izinto eziyi (2-D), umdaka/ibumba, isibangulimazinyo, abobusontathu (3-D) zeJiyomethriki. Umnqopho otjhukumeziweko iphayiphi lokusela nezinye izinto eziyi Umnqopho otjhukumeziweko nokulandelanisa kwemisetjenzana abobusontathu (3-D) zeJiyomethriki. nokulandelanisa kwemisetjenzana eseThemeni yesi-4 Umnqopho otjhukumeziweko eThemeni yesi-3 nokulandelanisa kwemisetjenzana Ukusebenza ngendulungu, iphrizimu, eThemeni yesi-2 isilinda, iphiramidi nesikurwana. Ukusebenza ngendulungu, iphrizimu, Ukunqopha emihlotjeni yelingaphezulu isilinda, iphiramidi nesikurwana. yenye nenye umhlobo wento. Ukunqopha emihlotjeni yelingaphezulu Ukuhlukanisa ilingaphezulu ngokuya yenye nenye umhlobo wento. ngokuthi ligobene nofana lithabalele. Ukuhlukanisa ilingaphezulu ngokuya Khuluma ngephasi elithabaleleko phezu ngokuthi ligobene nofana lithabalele. kwe phrizimu, namasilinda bewuwa Sebenzisa amakhadibhodi aziinkwere hlathulule ngokuya ngokuthi azindulungu, asikiweko ukwena ibhoksi. Khuluma iinkwere, uncamane nofana uncantathu. ngelingaphezulu ellithabalele phezulu Ukutjho nokubeka ngesiqhema izinto kwamaphrizimu, namasilinda be zeJiyomethriki ezingehla. Ukusebenzisa uwahlathulule ngokuthi azindulungu, iingojwana zokuthlorholoja amazinyo, ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) iinkwere nofana uncamane. amaphayephi wokusela nofana amaphepha Umsebenzi uhlanganiswa ngemisetjenzana Umsebenzi uhlanganiswa ngemisetjenzana aphuthelweko ukwenza iphiramidi. etloliweko etloliweko Umsebenzi uhlanganiswa ngemisetjenzana etloliweko
IINHLOKO ITHEMU 1 ITHEMU 2 ITHEMU 3 ITHEMU 4 3.3 Ukubahlanga kobujamo Ukubahlanga kobujamo CAPS Amajamo Ukubona nokutjho ubujamo Ukubona nokutjho ubujamo abobusobubili obubusobubili (2-D) obubusobubili (2-D) (2-D) • Indulungu • Indulungu • Uncantathu • Uncantathu • Isikwere • Isikwere • Uncamane • Uncamane Ubujamo bebumbeko Ubujamo bebumbeko Ukuhlathulula, ukuhlela Ukuhlathulula, ukuhlela nokumadanisa ubujamo nokumadanisa ubujamo obubusobubili(2-D): obubusobubili(2-D): • ibumbeko • ibumbeko • amahlangothi anqophileko • amahlangothi anqophileko • amahlangothi arondo • amahlangothi arondo Iminqopho etjhukumeziweko Iminqopho etjhukumeziweko nokulandelanisa imisetjenzana nokulandelanisa imisetjenzana yeThemu yoku-1 yeThemu yesi-3 Itjho bewubuthelele amajamo. Itjho bewubuthelele amajamo. Ukunqophisa emihlotjeni Ukunqophisa emihlotjeni yamahlangothi kilelo nalelo ijamo. yamahlangothi kilelo nalelo ijamo. Hlukanisa ubujamo ngokukhuluma Hlukanisa ubujamo ngokukhuluma ngokuthi amahlangothi wawo ngokuthi amahlangothi wawo ayindulungu nofana anqophile. ayindulungu nofana anqophile. Gwala indulungu, iinkwere, Gwala indulungu, iinkwere, aboncamane noncantathu. aboncamane noncantathu. Umsebenzi uhlanganiswa Umsebenzi uhlanganiswa ngemisetjenzana etloliweko. ngemisetjenzana etloliweko. 3.4 Isimethri Isimethri Isimethri Jamisa umuda wesimethri ngokufoya Ukukhumbula nokugwala imida amaphepha nokubonisa yesimethri kibo bubusobubili (2-D) Umnqopho otjhukumeziweko bobujamo beJiyomethri nobujamo eseThemeni yesi-2 okungasibo beJiyomethri Imisebenzi yokufoya amaphepha Iminqopho ephakanyisiweko eyakha ukuzwisisa isimethri kufaka: yeThemu yesi- 4 • imisebenzi lapho ipende emanzi Imisetjuenzana etlolwako kufanele ebekwa ekhasini ngaphambi ifake iimbonelo lapho kokulifoya • Umuda awusimumuda otjhingaphasi • imisetjhenzana lapho iphepha ngasosoke isikhathi. 85 lisikwa lidatjulwe emudeni • Kunimida yesimethri edlula obhinciweko. kowodwa ebujamweni nofana entweni ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UMBONOMAZOMBE WEGREYIDI 3 4. UKUMEDA 86 IINHLOKO ITHEMU 1 ITHEMU 2 ITHEMU 3 ITHEMU 4 4.1 Ukutjho isikhathi Ukutjho isikhathi ukufunda amalanga ekhalendeni ukufunda amalanga ekhalendeni Isikhathi ukufunda amalanga ekhalendeni ukufunda amalanga ekhalendeni • Ukubeka ekhalendeni amalanga • Ukubeka ekhalendeni amalanga • Ukubeka ekhalendeni amalanga • Ukubeka ekhalendeni amalanga wamabeletho, imigidingo yekolo, wamabeletho, imigidingo yekolo, wamabeletho, imigidingo yekolo, wamabeletho, imigidingo yekolo, amalanga wamaholideyi, izehlakalo amalanga wamaholideyi, izehlakalo amalanga wamaholideyi, izehlakalo amalanga wamaholideyi, izehlakalo zomlando, izehlakalo zesikolo. zomlando, izehlakalo zesikolo. zomlando, izehlakalo zesikolo. zomlando, izehlakalo zesikolo. • Ukutjho isikhathi ngama-iri ali-12 • Ukutjho isikhathi ngama-iri ali-12 • Ukutjho isikhathi ngama-iri ali-12 • Ukutjho isikhathi ngama-iri ali-12 usebenzise usebenzise usebenzise usebenzise -- ama-iri -- ama-iri -- ama-iri -- ama-iri -- nesigamu se-iri -- nesigamu se-iri -- nesigamu se-iri -- nesigamu se-iri -- nekota ye-iri -- nekota ye-iri -- nekota ye-iri -- nekota ye-iri -- nemizuzu -- nemizuzu -- nemizuzu -- nemizuzu ewatjhini ye-analogo neyedijithali ewatjhini ye-analogo neyedijithali ewatjhini ye-analogo neyedijithali ewatjhini ye-analogo neyedijithali nezinye iinsetjenziswa zedijithali nezinye iinsetjenziswa zedijithali nezinye iinsetjenziswa zedijithali nezinye iinsetjenziswa zedijithali ezitjhengisa isikhathi.isib umaliledinini/ ezitjhengisa isikhathi.isib umaliledinini/ ezitjhengisa isikhathi.isib umaliledinini/ ezitjhengisa isikhathi.isib umaliledinini/ ufunjathwako. ufunjathwako. ufunjathwako. ufunjathwako. Balilsisa ubude besikhathi Balilsisa ubude besikhathi Balilsisa ubude besikhathi nokudlulisa isikhathi nokudlulisa isikhathi ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 nokudlulisa isikhathi Sebenzisa ikhalendara ukubala Sebenzisa ikhalendara ukubala Sebenzisa ikhalendara ukubala nokuhlathulula ubude besikhathi nokuhlathulula ubude besikhathi nokuhlathulula ubude besikhathi ngamalanga, ngemveke ngamalanga, ngemveke ngamalanga, ngemveke nangenyanga. nangenyanga. nangenyanga. Okufaka hlangana: Okufaka hlangana: • Sebenzisa iwatjhi ukubalisisa ubude • UTjhuguluka hlangana namalanga • UTjhuguluka hlangana namalanga besikhathi ngama-iri nofana isigamu nemveke nemveke se-iri. • UTjhuguluka hlangana iimveke • UTjhuguluka hlangana iimveke nenyanga nenyanga Sebenzisa iwatjhi ukubalisisa ubude Sebenzisa iwatjhi ukubalisisa ubude besikhathi ngama-iri nofana isigamu besikhathi ngama-iri nofana isigamu se-iri nekota. se-iri nekota. ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
IINHLOKO ITHEMU 1 ITHEMU 2 ITHEMU 3 ITHEMU 4 4.2 Ukulinganisa okungakahlelelwa Ukwazisa iimedo ezihlelelweko CAPS Ubude • Linganisa, meda, madanisa, • Linganisa, meda, madanisa, hlela bewurekhode ubude hlela bewurekhode ubude kusetjhenziswa izinto zokumeda kusetjhenziswa amamitha (nofana ezingakalinganiswa isib. Ubude iingojwana ezibubude bemitha besandla, igadango, ubude nofana indambo enobude bemitha) bepensela, izinto zokubala njll. njengemedo elihlelelweko lobude. • Ukuhlathulula ubude bezinto ngokuzibala noutjho ubude ngendlela engakalinganiswa. • Ukusebenzisa ilimi ukukhuluma ngokumadanisa isib. edenyana, efitjhazana, ede, ebanzi Ukwazisa iimedo ezihlelelweko • Linganisa, meda, madanisa, • Linganisa, mmeda bewurekhode hlela bewurekhode ubude ngamasenthimitha usebenzise irula. kusetjhenziswa amamitha (nofana iingojwana ezibubude bemitha nofana indambo enobude bemitha) njengemedo elihlelelweko lobude. • Linganisa, meda bewurekhode ngamasentimitha usebenzise irula. Akungabinokutjhugululwa phakathi kwamamitha namasenthimitha 87 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
IINHLOKO ITHEMU 1 ITHEMU 2 ITHEMU 3 ITHEMU 4 4.3 Ukulinganisa okungakahlelelwa 88 Ubudisi/ • Linganisa, meda, madanisa, Ubungako hlela bewurekhode ubudisi kusetjhenziswa isikala sokudzimelela nezinto zokumeda ezingakalinganiswa isib. Amabhlogo, iintina njll. • Ukusebenzisa ilimi ukukhuluma ngokumadanisa isib. lula, kubudisi, kulula khulu, kubudisi khulu Ukwazisa ukulinganisa Ukwazisa ukulinganisa okuhlelekileko okuhlelekileko Amathaski atloliweko ukuhlanganisa • Ukumadanisa, ukuhlela okulandelako okufaka hlangana nokurekhoda ubudisa bezinto nokufunda kweenthombe ze: ezipakwe ngokwerhwebo okubonisa • Imikhiqizo enobudisi obutloliweko ubudisi butjhiwe ngamakhilogremu kizo isib. Amakhilogremu ama-2 wereyisi nekhilogremu yi-1 yeflowuru. • Isikala sangendlwaneni yokuhlambela esinenalidi ekhombe • Lapho kunesikala sangendlini ilayini yegradiyetjhini yokuhlambela, abafundi bangazilinganisa ubudisi babo ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 ngamakhilogremu kusetjenziswa isikala. Kulindeleke bonyana abafundi bafunde kwaphela inomboro eseduzana nekombabudisi Bahlathulula ubudisi babo njengokuthi pheze/ citjhe/eduze ne/ khulu kancani kuna/ khulu nofana ngaphasi nofana ilingana patsi (nenomboro yamakhilogremu) bafunda esikaleni. • Lapho okuneenkala zokumeda ezineencenye zobungako ezimeregweko ngamagremu, abafundi bangameda ubungako nofana izinto ezihlukeneko. (alikho itjhuguluko elihlangana namagremu namakhilogremu elifunekako) ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
IINHLOKO ITHEMU 1 ITHEMU 2 ITHEMU 3 ITHEMU 4 4.4 Ukulinganisa okungakahlelelwa Ukwazisa ukulinganisa CAPS Umthamo/ • Linganisa, meda, madanisa, okuhlelekileko Ivolumu hlela bewurekhode umthamo Amathaski atloliweko ukuhlanganisa ongeemumathini (o.u. ubunengi okulandelako okufaka hlangana isimumathi esikghona ukubuthatha nokufunda kweenthombe ze: nasizalisiweko) ngokusebenzisa • Imikhiqizo enemithamo etloliweko izinto zokumeda ezingakahleleki kizo ukuze kulandelaniswe isib. Iingobho neenkomitji. ngokuhlela. • Ukuhlathulula umthamo wesimumathi ngokubala nookutjho • Iinthombe zeenjege lapho umthamo bonyana mayunithi amangaki upheze walingana ilitha eli-1 angakahleleki angazalisa nofana amalitha ama-2 enomuda isimumathi isib. Ibhodlelo wegradetjhini (gradation line) linomthamo weenkomitji ezine. • Ukufunda ngokutjhideza Ukwazisa iimedo ezihlelekileko enomborweni enomude • Ukulinganisa, ukumeda, wegradetjhini (gradation line) ukumadanisa, ukuhlela ngokuhlathulula umthamo yazo bewurekhode umthamo njengokuthi pheze, eduzana, wezinto ngokumeda ngamalitha enenganakuna, elinganapatsi kusetjenziswa: nenomboro (yamalitha) -- Amabhodlelo anomthamo Akukafaneli bona kube khona ongamalitha nofana imumathi ukutjhugulula amamililitha abe malitha ezinomthamo otlolwe nofana amalitha abe mamililitha ngamamililitha isib. iketukana -- Ijege yokumeda enemida enenkombamthamo wamalitha, isiquntu samalitha namakota wamalitha -- Ijege yokumeda enemida enenkombamthamo wamamililitha -- Iinkomitji nentelebhula ezitjengisa umthamo wazo. • Ukumadanisa, ukuhlela nokurekhoda umthamo wezinto ezipakwe ngokwerhwebo ukubonisa umthamo obutjhiwo ngamalitha isib. Amalitha ama-2 webisi, 1 ilitha yesiselo esimakhaza, amalitha ama-5 wepende • Yazi bonyana ikopi ehlelekileko iyi- 250 yamamililitha • Yazi bonya itelebhula ehlelekileko 89 i-5 sama milimitha ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
IINHLOKO ITHEMU 1 ITHEMU 2 ITHEMU 3 ITHEMU 4 4.5 Ipherimitha 90 Ipherimitha Phenya ibanga mazombe ebujameni obubusobubili (2-D) neentweni eziyi abobusontathu (3-D) usebenzise ukumadanisa okunqophileko nofana amayunithi angakahleleki 4.6 Ubungako bendawo: Ubungako Phenya ubungako bendawo bendawo usebenzise amathayela ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
UMBONOMAZOMBE WEGREYIDI 3 5. UKUPHATHA IDATHA CAPS IINHLOKO ITHEMU 1 ITHEMU 2 ITHEMU 3 ITHEMU 4 5.4 Okuphakayisiweko: Okuziphakanyisiweko: Ukubuthelela Umzombe wedatha opheleleko Ukuhlela kabutjha kwedatha bewuhlele idatha ukuwenza ibha grafu. enikelweko. Ngokwerherho, ngethali, Buthelela idatha ngetlasi nofana nofana ngebha grafu. 5.5 ngesikolo ukuphendula imibuzo Jamiselela idatha kwi bha grafu. Ukujamiselela ebuzwe ngutitjhere. idatha Phendula imibuzo ngedatha ngebha Ukusebenzisa amathali ukurekhoda grafu. 5.6 idatha emahlelweni anikelweko. Ukuhlaziya idatha esijamiselelweni Ukuhlaziya idatha esijamiselelweni Ukuhlaziya Jamisela idatha e: esinikelweko esinikelweko bewurhumutjha • Amathebula Okuphakanyisiweko: Okuphakanyisiweko: idatha • Okungasenani igrafu eyodwa • ungasenani igrafu eyodwa • Ibha grafu yeenthombe ena 1 naku 1 enakunye nakunye Ukukhuluma nge nokuphendula okukhambisanako kokukhambisanako imibuzo ngedatha esemathebuleni naku bha grafu. • Okungasenani ibha grafu yinye • Okungasenani ibha grafu yinye 91 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 3.5 AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NEMIHLAHLANDLELA YOKUFUNDISA Ithebula engenzasi inikela utitjhere lokhu: • iingaba zokumumethweko begodu neenhloko kenye nenye igreyidi ne themu; • imiqondo namakghono atjhukunyisiweko anqotjhiweko ngethemu; • amanothi wokutlhadlhula nemihlahlandlela yokufundisa; begodu • ubude besikhathi esinikelwe isihloko ngasinye eemfundweni ezabelwe i iri li-1 namaminithi ama24. 92 ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
3.5.1 Ihlathululo Yokumumethweko eGreyidini yoku-1 IGREYIDI YOKU-1 ITHEMU YOKU-1 CAPS 1. IINOMBORO, AMA-OPHARETJHINI NOBUDLELWANA NgeThemu yokuthoma, isikhathi sisetjenziselwa ukuthuthukisa imiqondo nomboro yangaphambili. Ukuthuthukisa amakghono wangaphambili aphathelene namaphetheni, isikhala nobujamo, ukumeda begodu nedatha zakha isisekelo samakghono wokufunda ngokujayelekileko namakghono wenomboro ngokunqophileko. Ukumetjha Ukumetjha kurholela ekuzwisiseni umqondo wakunye nakunye okukhambelanako, okusisekelo sokumadanisa inani lezinto ezisesiqhemeni ngakelinye ihlangothi. Lokha umfundi akghona ukubona “okufanako”, kuyakghoneka bona umetjhe amasede amabili. Ukufana yinto yokuthoma yokonga. Ukonga likghono eliqakathekileko lokumeda, inomboro nesikhala nejamo. Ukuhlela ngemihlobo Lokha ubeka ngamananeko, abafundi bafuna okufanako nokuhlukileko. Abafundi bathuthukisa godu ikghono lokuhlathulula nokubona. Ukuhlathulula kutjho bonyana abafundi bangakhumbula bebatjho izinto ezibazombelezileko. Ukubona kutjho bonyana abafundi bangayidobha into lokha naba nikelwe ihlathululo. Abafundi babona malungana nokuthize okuphawulekako. Abafundi bahlela izinto ngokuya ngesayizi, umbala, ijamo, ubude, ubudisi, nomthamo. Ukuhlela kwenziwa : ngezinto zangamalanga zekuphatheni idatha; amajamo nezinto zejiyomethri ebujamweni nesikhaleni; begodu nokuphawulekako ezintweni ezimedwako. Ukumadanisa Lokha abafundi bamadanisa izinto banqophisa emehlukweni ohlangana nezinto. Abafundi banganqophisa ngo: • bukhulu nofana ngobuncani; • budisi nofana ngokulula; • bude nofana ngobufitjhani; • kumakhaza nofana okutjhisako; • kunganalitho nofana okuzeleko; • bunengi nofana ngobuncani; na • kuthoma, kokugqina nofana okuphakathi. Ukufunda ukumadanisa sifundo sokunqophisa ku: • misetjenzana yokuthoma yokumeda; • misetjenzana yokuthoma yobujamo nesikhala (okufaka hlangana umsebenzi wobujamo/wendawo); begodu • nemisetjenzana yokuthoma yamaphetheni. Emisebenzini yeenomboro, abafundi bametjha izinto eziseenqhemeni ezihlukahlukeneko. Bafunda ukubona iinqhema ezinenani elinganako lezinto ngakizo, nokuhlukanisa iinqhema ezingaba nezinto ezinengi nofana ezimbalwa kunezinye iinqhema. Ukuhlela Ukuhlela kusisekelo serherho leenomboro. Ukubeka nokubala izinto ngokuhlelekileko kusiza abafundi abancani ukwenza isiqinisekiso sokobana babala into kanye kuphela. Ukubeka izinto ngokuhlelekileko nakubalwako kwenza isendlalelo sokuzwisisa bonyana iinomboro ungazihlela bunjani. Imisebenzi yokuthoma yamaphetheni efaka hlangana amajamo nofana izinto isiza ukunqophisa ukulalelisisa komfundi lokha nakuhlelwako. Ngokuya kwesikhathi, abafundi basebenzisa ikghono leli lokha nabasebenza ngamaphetheni weenomboro. Ukulinganisa okunqophako ngaphandle kokubala Ukulinganisa okunqophako ngaphandle kokubala kulemuka msinyana inani lezinto ebuthelelweni ngaphandle kokuzibala. 93 Ukulinganisa okunqophako ngaphandle kokubala kusiza abafundi ukubona amabuthelelo amancani njengeyunithi eyodwa. Lokhu kunikela abafundi isisekelo esiqinileko sokusebenza ngeenomboro. ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 94 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) 1.1 Ukubala izinto Ukubala izinto Ukubala kusiza abafundi ukuthuthukisa ilemuko lesayizi leenomboro nokwenza isendlalelo Ukubala ngokuthembeka ukufika ngokuthembeka ukufika sokubala ngeenomboro ezipheleleko . NgeThemu yokuthoma, abafundi bathuthukiusa izinto ema 50. ema 10. amakghono alandelako: Nikela ukulinganisa Nikela ukulinganisa • Ukubala koke okuzwakalako kwenani okuzwakalako kwenani • Ukubala uragele phambili lezinto ezingahlolwa lezinto ezingahlolwa • Umthetho wenani leenomboro ngokubalwa. ngokubalwa. • Ukusebenza ngamatheksti atloliweko Ukubala eThemini yoku-1 kunqotjhiswe ekuthuthukiseni ikghono lomfundi lokubala. Ukuthuthukisa ikghono lokubala kubavumela bona ba: • bale izinto ezibuthelelweko nalezo ezingakabuthelelwa; • ukubala baye phambili nemuva; • ukubala izenzeko/imisikinyeko; • ukubala kulandelane enambalayinini; • ukuthuthukisa ikghono lokulemuka isayizi yeenomboro ngokuzihlela nokuzimadanisa; noku ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 • Linganisa nokwenza ibonelo phambili. Ukubala izinto Ngaphambi kokobana abafundi babale izinto, batlhoga ithuba lokobana bazijayeze ukubala ngehloko/ngokukhulunywako. Abafundi kufanele babe nerherho elikhulunywako /lehloko lamagama weenomboro ngokuhlelekileko: kunye, kubilib, kuthathu, ukufika ema 20. Khuthaza abafundi ukutjho imilolozelo yeenomboro begodu badlale nemidlalo ezoqinisekisa ukubala ngehloko. Ikghono leli lokubala ngehloko nofana ukubala okungakahleleki kuqakathekile ukuthuthukisa ilwazi lamagama weenomboro begodu nekghono legido/ iphetheni eseenomborweni. Abafundi bazabala inomboro yento ngayinye begodu bametjhisa amagama weenomboro namasede wezinto. Lokhu kufaka hlangana bonyananta nokutjhidisa into nokutjho igama lenomboro. Kuqakathekile bona abafundi bazi bonyana igama lenomboro yokugcina ekhulunyiweko lijamele into yokugcina ebaliweko esiqhemeni. Kufanele bazi begodu bazwisise bona inomboro yegama etjengiswe ekugcineni itjho inani lesede nofana ikhadinali yesede. Akusingiboboke abafundi abakghona ukubala ngehloko begodu batjho amagama weenomboro ngokulandelana abangenza umqondo ozwakalako ngokubala kwabo. Kungenzeka beqe ezinye iinomboro begodu batjho bonyana kunezinto zokubala ezine ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) lokha nakunezinto zokubala ezihlanu.
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi CAPS ama -24) 1.1 Ukubala izinto Ukubala izinto Kuqakathekile bona abafundi babale inani elifanako lezinto ezingafaniko. Ukubala ngokuthembeka ukufika ngokuthembeka ukufika Isibonelo: izinto ema 50. ema 10. • Ukubala izinto zokubala ezisithandathu Nikela ukulinganisa Nikela ukulinganisa • Ngilethela amapensela asithandathu okuzwakalako kwenani okuzwakalako kwenani lezinto ezingahlolwa lezinto ezingahlolwa • Bala iinkunubhe ezisithandathu ngokubalwa. ngokubalwa. Ukongiwa / ukutlhogonyelwa Abafundi bazathoma ukulemuka lokha nababala inani lezinto bona, inomboro ayithikanyezwa yisayizi nofana ubujamo. Omunye angabuza: zingaki iinkwekwezi ezikaradeni ngalinye?   Ubujamo nofana ukuhleleka kweenkwekwezi kuhlukile, kodwana inani leenkwekwezi ekaradeni ngalinye lilingana patsi. Kuqakathekile bona lokha sibala izinto eziphathekako, abafundi babone inani elincani lezinto ngaphandle kokubala. Isibonelo , ukubona • kuhlanu , njengenani lemino esandleni sinye • izinto zokubala ezintathu, zihleleke ngananyana ngiyiphi indlela • kunye ukufika kusithandathu, ngokuhleleka kwamaqatjhazi edayisini Lokhu singakubiza godu ngokuthi kulinganisa okunqophako ngaphandle kokubala. Ngakho ke: Isisekelo somqondonomboro siyathuthuka ngokubala izinto eziphathekako. Abafundi bafunda: • Ukuhlobanisa inomboro magama nebuthelelo lezinto; • Ukwakha isithombe ngqondo sokobana inomboro itjho bonyanani o.u. yikulu kangangani; nokuthi • Igama lenomboro yento ebalwe kokugcina lijamele inani lezinto esiqhemeni. 95 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 96 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) 1.1 Ukubala izinto Ukubala izinto Iinlayelo nemibuzo yokusekela ukubala izinto Ukubala ngokuthembeka ukufika ngokuthembeka ukufika • Bala iingojwana zokubala ezili 10. Zihlele zibe semudeni. izinto ema 50. ema 10. • Buyelela uhlele iingojwana begodu ubale. Inani lisalingana na? Nikela ukulinganisa Nikela ukulinganisa • Bala iimvala zamabhodlhelo la ngaphandle kokuzithinta. okuzwakalako kwenani okuzwakalako kwenani lezinto ezingahlolwa lezinto ezingahlolwa • Inani liyalingana na? ngokubalwa. ngokubalwa. • Uqabanga bona kunamakhrayoni amangaki lapha? • Manengi nofana mancani kunalokhu obewukucabanga? • Wazinjani bonyana unenani lelo? • Wazinjani bonyana ubale elinye nelinye ikhrayoni? • Ungayihlola njani ipendulo yakho? Ukudlulela emathekstini atloliweko Abafundi kufanele banikelwe amathuba wokubala iimboniso zezinto. Isibonelo: Kungaki lokhu? ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 Ragela phambili ubale Lokha abafundi sebakghona ukubala zoke izinto bathome ku-kunye, kufanele babale baye phambili kusukela ebuthelelweni asele banalo. Isibonelo: Bawa abafundi bona babale bakhuphe izinto ezilikhomba, bese kusukela ezintweni ezilikhomba lezo, ababale bakhuphe ezinye godu ezintathu kufika lapho baba nezinto ezi-10. Ukubala uragele phambili liqhinga eliphumelelisako lokubala kunokubala koke begodu abafundi bazakiusebenzisa ukubala baragele phambili lokha nababalisisako. Iinsetjenziswa: Kuyasiza ukwakha ibuthelelo lezinto ezihlukeneko ezingasetjenziswa bafundi njengezinto zokubala. Isibonelo: • Iinthoro zomlilo • Iingojwana ze-ayisikhrimu • Iintanga zeperegisi ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) • Amabhontjisi • Iimvalo zamabhodlelo
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi CAPS ama -24) 1.2 Ukubala uye phambili Ukubala uye phambili Ukubala uye phambili ngakunye Ukubala uye nemuva ngakunye nemuva ngakunye Ukubala ngehloko nofana ukubala uphimisele (ukubala okungakahleleki) kuligadango phambili ukusuka kwenye nenye ukusuka kwenye nenye eliqakathekileko lokubongelela amagama weenomboro ngokuhlelekileko. Lokha abafundi nemuva inomboro hlangana ne-0 inomboro hlangana ne-0 bakghona ukwenza lokhu, akutjho bonyana banelwazi lesayizi yeenomboro abayitjhoko. ne-100 na-20 Ethemini yoku-1 kulindeleke bona abafundi babale kwaphela baye phambili nemuva nga Ukubala uye phambili kunye ukufikela ema-20. nga: Ukubala uye phambili nemuva kungenziwa netlasi loke. Yenza isiqinisekiso sokobana • Li-10 ukusuka abafundi abarhuweleli nje kuphela ngaphandle kokuzwisisa. Eenqhemeni okunqotjhwe kesinye nesinye kizo nemberegweni wokuzijamela imisetjenzana elandelako ingenziwa ukwenza umqondo isibuyabuyelelo se-10 ozwakalako ekubaleni: hlangana ne-0 ne-100 Thoma ku-kubili ubale ukufika ku-bunane • Ku-5 ukusuka Bala ukusuka ku-kune ukufika e-10 kesinye nesinye isibuyabuyelelo saka Bala ukusuka ku-kubili ukufika ku-bunane. Ubale iinomboro ezingaki? ku-5 hlangana ne-0 Bala ukufika etjhumini ne-100 Ekuthomeni abafundi bazakuthoma babale ukufika etjhumini begodu baphrakthise • Ku-2 ukusuka amagama weenomboro ngokulandelana. kesinye nesinye Abafundi banga thitjhelekaka ukubala ngehloko ngakho ke kufanele babale ngeendlela isibuyabuyelelo saka ezahlukahlukeneko, nakungasinjalo, bazamane barhuwelele. Ukubala okungakahleleki ku-2 hlangana ne-0 kufanele kusekelwe ngokufunda amatshwayo weenomboro begodu nokubala izinto. ne-100 Abafundi kufanele banikelwe imifanekiso ebonakalako yeenomboro ngokulandelana kwazo. Imifanekiso ebonakalako elandelako ingasetjenziswa: • Imincamo yokubala • I-Abhakhasi • Inambalayini Ekuthomeni, inamba layini ayibe nazozoke iinomboro, bese kuba yinambalayini ekhamba iba neenkhala lapho ezinye iinomboro zingekho, ingasetjenziswa. Lokhu kutjho bonyana abafundi kufanele bazazi iinomboro ngokulandelana kwazo ukuzaliselela iinkhala. Ukubala uye emuva Ukubala uye emuva likghono elibudisi ebafundini begodu ukuzijayeza njalo kuyatlhogeka. Thoma ukubala uye emuva kusukela enomborweni lokha abafundi nasele bayijayele inomboro u- 2, bese wakhela phezu kwayo lokha unqophise enomborweni enye nenye engaphezulu. 97 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 98 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) 1.2 Ukubala uye phambili Ukubala uye phambili Ukubala ukufika ema-20 Ukubala uye nemuva ngakunye nemuva ngakunye Ukubala ukudlula etjhumini kungafuna bona abafundi batjho ukulandelana kokubala phambili ukusuka kwenye nenye ukusuka kwenye nenye balandele/ngemuva kwakatitjhere. Kuqakathekile ukukhuthaza abafundi bona bathome nemuva inomboro hlangana ne-0 inomboro hlangana ne-0 ukubala ukusukela kunoma ngiyiphi inomboro. Ukuthoma ku-8 kunzima khulu kunokuthoma ne-100 na-20 ku-1. Abafundi bazakusebenzisa ikghono leli lokha nababala baragela phambili Ukubala uye phambili ngokuhlanganisa/ekuhlanganiseni. nga: Iinsetjenziswa • Li-10 ukusuka • Imincamo yokubala ukufika ema-20 kesinye nesinye • I-Abhakhasi isibuyabuyelelo se-10 hlangana ne-0 ne-100 • Amagridi weenomboro ayasiza ukuthuthukisa ikghono labafundi lokufunda ilwazi ethebuleni. Ngoba abafundi babala kufikela etjhumini, igridi kufanele ikhombise ilwazi • Ku-5 ukusuka elilandelako kuphela: kesinye nesinye isibuyabuyelelo saka 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ku-5 hlangana ne-0 ne-100 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 • Ku-2 ukusuka • Inambalayini etjengisa iinomboro ezifika ema- 20 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 kesinye nesinye isibuyabuyelelo saka ku-2 hlangana ne-0 ne-100 ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi CAPS ama -24) 1.3 Ukubona, ukukhumbula Ukubona, ukukhumbula Ukufunda nokutlola amatshwayo namagama weenomboro Amat- nokufunda iinomboro nokufunda iinomboro Abafundi bafanele bafunde bona bangakwenza bunjani lokhu: shwayo • Ukubona, • Ukubona, • Ukutlola amatshwayo namagama weenomboro namagama ukukhumbula ukukhumbula • Ukufunda amatshwayo weenomboro weenom- nokufunda nokufunda boro amatshwayo amatshwayo • Ukutjho iinomboro weenomboro ukusuka weenomboro ukusuka Ukufunda nokutlola amatshwayo namagama weenomboro kufuze kukhambisane ku-1 ukufika e-100 ku-1 ukufika e-20 nemisetjenzana yokubala. Abafundi kufanele banikelwe amathuba wokumetjhisa • Ukutlola amatshwayo • Ukutlola amatshwayo amatshwayo namagama weenomboro nebuthelelo lezinto abazibalako. Ngalendlela, weenomboro ukusuka weenomboro ukusuka abafundi bamadanisa itshwayo lenomboro, igama lenomboro, isijamiselo senomboro ku-1 ukufika ema-20 ku-1 ukufika ku-5 nehlathululo yenomboro. • Ukubona, • Ukubona, Imisetjenzana yaphambili eminye ukukhumbula ukukhumbula Ukuzijayeza ukutlola nokufunda amagama nokufunda amagama Abafundi bangazijayeza ukutlola amatshwayo wenomboro ngeendlela ezihlukahlukeneko: weenomboro ukusuka weenomboro ukusuka • Ngokugadangisa phezu kweenamba ku-1 ukufika e-10 ku-1 ukufika ku-5 • Ukwenza ‘ukuhlanganisa amaqathjaza’ imisetjenzana ngengaphandle lamatshwayo • Ukutlola amagama • Ukutlola amagama weenomboro weenomboro ukusuka weenomboro ukusuka ku-1 ukufika e-10 ku-1 ukufika ku-5 • Ngokutlola esandeni • Tlola etjhokbhodini nofana esamendeni • Ngokupenda • Ngokukorotjha iinomboro ngokusebenzisa iwulu. Umsebenzi lo usiza khulukhulu ekugandeleleni lapho kuthonywa khona lokha kutlolwa iinombor. • Ngokugadangisa iinomboro ezikulu, ezisikwe ephepheni lokurhuhla nofana ematjhileni. Ukufunda iinomboro Lokhu kungenziwa ngoku: • Ukukhomba iinomboro enambalayinini nofana egridini yeenomboro • Ukufunda amakarada weenomboro Ukumetjhisa amatshwayo weenomboro nebuthelelo lezinto Lokhu kungenziwa ngoku : • Metjhisa inani lezinto neenomboro • Ukubala ibuthelelo lezinto nokukhetha ikarada leenomboro elifaneleko lenani lezinto lezo. • Ukubala izinto eziseenthombeni begodu nokutlola itshwayo lenomboro. 99 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 100 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) 1.4 Hlathulula , madanisa Hlathulula, madanisa Ukumadanisa nokuhlela iinomboro kusiza abafundi ukukhaliphisa umqondo wabo begodu uhlele izinto begodu uhlele izinto wokuhlobana kwama sayizi weenomboro. Izaba siza ukuthuthukisa umqondo wokobana Hlathulula, ezifika ema-20 ezifika kwezi-5. inomboro yikulu nofana yincani kangangani kunezinye iinomboro. Lokha abafundi madanisa • Hlathulula begodu begodu • Hlathulula begodu banomqondo omuhle wokuhlobana kwamasayizi weenomboro, kuzakuba lula kibo uhlele ibuthelelo lezinto uhlele ibuthelelo lezinto ukulemuka amatshwayo asisekelo. Emabangeni asiSekelo lokhu sikubiza bona uhlele mayelana nokuthi mayelana ezinengi , yinumerosithi. iinomboro zinengi, lidlanzana, ezincani, ezilinganako ezidlulako, ezincani, Amakghono wokubala aqakathekile ekumadaniseni nokuhlela iinomboro. Ukuhlela • Hlathulula begodu nengi kuna, ncani iinomboro kufaka hlangana: uhlele ibuthelelo lezinto kuna, kuyalingana, kusukela kwezinengi • Ukufunda ngamakhadinal namba asitjela ngobungako/ngenani lenomboro zinengi okulinganako, ukuya kwezincani umehluko • Ukusebenzisa, ukufunda nokutlola amagama namatshwayo weenomboro nakusuka kwezincani • Hlathulula begodu • Ilimi lokumadanisa iinomboro ukuya kwezinengi uhlele ibuthelelo lezinto Ukumadanisa inomboro yezinto • Hlathulula, madanisa kusukela kwezinengi begodu uhlele ukuya kwezincani Lokhu kwenziwa khulu khulu ngokusebenzisa kunye-nakunye-okukhambelanako. Abafundi iinomboro kufika ema- nakusuka kwezincani babala ibuthelelo lezinto begodu bamadanise amagama weenomboro yinye-nayinye-nezinto 20 ukuya kwezinengi. lezo. Ukumadanisa ibuthelelo lezinto kudzimelele elemukweni lomfundi lokubala. • Hlathulula begodu • Yenza Izinto Kuqakathekile ukunqophisa emqondweni wokuthi ‘ kunengi na kuncani’ lokha umadanisa umadanise iinomboro ezihlukahlukeneko amanani. ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 eziphelelekomayelana ezihlanu • Hlathulula, madanisa Lokha umadanisa izinto, ilimi lokumadanisa liyathuthuka. nokuthi yincani kuna, yikulu kuna nokuthi begoduuhlele Isibonelo: Okunengi ngange, inomboro elinganako ne, lingana ne, kunengi kuna, kuncani idlula nga, ingaphasi iinomboro kufika ku-5 kuna, kulidlanzana kuna nga, ilingana na • Hlathulula begodu Ukuhlela ibuthelelo lezinto • Hlathulula begodu umadanise iinomboro eziphelelekokufika ku 5 Kusukela ekubaleni nekumadaniseni amasede amabili wezinto , abafundi bavumbulula uhlele iinomboro usebenzise ilimi isib. begodu bafunde ngobudlelwana obubili obuqakathekileko: kusuka kwencani khulu ukuya kwekulu khulu • Mayelana nokuthi, • Amabuthelelo amabili ayalingana lokha nakabelana igama lenomboro elifanako, nanoma nakusuka kwekulu kuncani kuna, kukhulu amabuthelelo kungenzeka angakahleleki ngokufanako. khulu ukuya kwencani kuna ,kudlula nga, kuncani nga • Ukubala iinomboro kujamele ukulandelana kweenomboro ezilandelanako ezanda khulu ngayinye ngasosoke isikhathi .isib ukuhlanu uza ngemuva kwaka kune, kungakho • Hlathulula begodu uhlele: ibuthelelo lezinto ezihlanu linengi ngakunye kunebuthelelo lezinto ezine nofana ibuthelelo -- iinomboro kusukela lezinto ezine lincani ngakunye kunebuthelelo lezinto ezihlanu kwencani khulu Ukuhlela nokumadanisa iinomboro ukuya kwekulu khulu nakusuka kwekulu Lokha abafundi bahlela iinomboro, bangahle basebenzise isikhala esikhona hlangana khuluv ukuya neenomboro ukuthola bona ngiyiphi inomboro ekulu. Isibonelo, bazakuthi u-5 mkhulu kuno- kwencani klhulu 2 ngombanyana u-5 uza ngemuva kuka ku-2. Abafundi bafanele bahlobanise ukubalwa ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) -- ngokusebenzisa kweezinto begodu bamadanise ibuthelelo yezinto ezilithoba nesiqhema sezinto ezimbili. ilimi isib ngaphambi, Egreyidini 2 no 3 abafundi bazabe bahlela bebamadanise iinomboro ngokuhlathulula inani/ ngemuva phakathi/ ubungako bamadijithi. Abafundi bafanele bahlele iinomboro ngokusebenzisa imifanekiso hlangana ehlukahlukeneko.
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi CAPS ama -24) 1.4 Hlathulula , madanisa Hlathulula, madanisa Abafundi bangahlela iinomboro ngokusebenzisa inambalayini. begodu uhlele izinto begodu uhlele izinto Isibonelo: Hlathulula, ezifika ema-20 ezifika kwezi-5. madanisa • Hlathulula begodu • Thatha inomboro yesi-3 uyibeke enambalayinini begodu • Hlathulula begodu uhlele ibuthelelo lezinto uhlele ibuthelelo lezinto • Khetha inomboro ngemuva kwaka ku 4 uyibeke endaweni yayo efaneleko enambalayinini uhlele mayelana nokuthi mayelana ezinengi , • Khetha inomboro phakathi kuka ku-3 no ku-5 uyibeke endaweni yayo efaneleko iinomboro zinengi, lidlanzana, ezincani, ezilinganako enambalayinini ezidlulako, ezincani, • Hlathulula begodu nengi kuna, ncani • Khetha inomboro ngaphambi kwaka ku-2 uyibeke endaweni yayo efaneleko uhlele ibuthelelo lezinto kuna, kuyalingana, enambalayinini kusukela kwezinengi zinengi okulinganako, ukuya kwezincani • Khetha inomboro ngaphambi kwaka ku-3 uyibeke endaweni yayo efaneleko umehluko enambalayinini nakusuka kwezincani • Hlathulula begodu ukuya kwezinengi uhlele ibuthelelo lezinto Amakarada weenomboro • Hlathulula, madanisa kusukela kwezinengi Isibonelo: Abafundi bangapaka amakarada ngokulandelana kwawo. begodu uhlele ukuya kwezincani iinomboro kufika ema- nakusuka kwezincani 20 ukuya kwezinengi. • Hlathulula begodu • Yenza Izinto 1 2 3 4 5 umadanise iinomboro ezihlukahlukeneko eziphelelekomayelana ezihlanu nokuthi yincani kuna, • Hlathulula, madanisa Ukudlulela emathekstini atloliweko yikulu kuna nokuthi begoduuhlele iinomboro Abafundi bangahlanganisa ilwazi labo ngokuqedelela imisebenzi eencwadini zabo idlula nga, ingaphasi kufika ku-5 zokusebenzela. Lokhu kungenziwa ngesikhathi sokusebenza ngokuzijamela. nga, ilingana na • Hlathulula begodu umadanise iinomboro Ubukhadinali nobu-odinali • Hlathulula begodu uhlele iinomboro eziphelelekokufika ku 5 Ubukhadinali kutjho inani loke lesede nofana lebuthelelo. Ubu-odinali kutjho indawo / kusuka kwencani khulu usebenzise ilimi isib. ubujamo lapho into ikhona hlangana nesede yezinto. Kufanele kwenziwe ukuhlobana ukuya kwekulu khulu • Mayelana nokuthi, phakathi kweenomboro zekhadinali neenomboro ze-odinali. Abafundi bazakubona lokhu nakusuka kwekulu kuncani kuna, kukhulu lokha nababala isiqhema sezinto begodu bazi bonyana lokha bathinte into yesihlanu, khulu ukuya kwencani kuna ,kudlula nga, bazabe sebabale izinto ezihlanu ngesikhathi leso. Iinomborosikhundla kusetjenzwa ngazo khulu kuncani nga kwaphela eThemini yesi-4. • Hlathulula begodu uhlele: -- iinomboro kusukela kwencani khulu ukuya kwekulu khulu nakusuka kwekulu khuluv ukuya kwencani klhulu -- ngokusebenzisa 101 ilimi isib ngaphambi, ngemuva phakathi/ hlangana ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 102 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) UKURARULULA IMIRARO ESEBUJAMENI 1.6 Sebenzisa amathekhiniki Sebenzisa amathekhiniki NgeThemu le, abafundi bazakuthoma ukurarulula imiraro yamagama basebenzisa Amathek- alandelako lokha alandelako lokha amathekhiniki alandelako ukurarulula imiraro leyo: hiniki wok- nawurarulula imiraro nawurarulula imiraro • Iinsetjenziswa eziphathekako urarulula begodu uhlathulule begodu uhlathulule • Imigwalo imiraro iinsombululo zemiraro: iinsombululo zemiraro: • Amanambalayini • Iinsetjenziswa • Iinsetjenziswa eziphathekako isib. eziphathekako isib. Imigwalo neensetjenziswa eziphathekako iimbali iimbali Abafundi bazakugwala iinthombe bebasebenzise neensetjenziswa eziphathekako • Iinthombe zokugwala • Iinthombe zokugwala ukurarulula imiraro. Ekupheleni kweThemu abafundi banga gwala iinthombe eziphethe isamba sendatjana isamba sendatjana iinomboro ukuhlathulula umbalo neensombululo. Kuqakathekile bona iinthombe nofana imigwalo ephethe iinomboro ezihlathulula umbalo nesisombululo nge: • Ukwakha nokuphula • Amanambalayini iinomboro esekelwe • Amamaraga wobunye • Ukubuyelela kabili ziinsetjenziswa • Iinomboro nokuhafula eziphathekako isib. Amanambalayini Imincamo yokubala • Amanambalayini Ukusebenzisa Amanambalayini ukwenzela ukubasiza ukubalisisa kuzakunikela abafundi ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 indlela yokurekhoda ukucabanga kwabo nokwenza ilandelela yalokho. Begodu ivumela abafundi bona babe barekhode isiboniso abangasisebenzisa ukuhlathulula bona bawurarulule njani umraro. NgeThemu le, abafundi bazakuvezelwa Amanambalayini begodu bazathoma ukuwasebenzisa njengeqhinga lokubalisisa. Ekuthomeni, lokha kusetjenzwa ngamanambalayini intambo yemincamo ingabekwa ngehla nofana ngaphasi kwenambalayini ukusiza abafundi ukubala. Ngaphambi kokobana abafundi basebenzise inambalayini njengeqhinga lokubalisisa, bafanele bayisebenzisele uku: • Bala baye phambili nemuva • Ukufunda amatshwayo weenomboro • Ukutlola amatshwayo weenomboro • Ukubeka /jamisa iinomboro enambalayinini • Ukuhlela nokumadanisa iinomboro Lokha usebenzisa inambalayini njengesiboniso sokubalisisa, umqondo wo ‘ukweqa’ ungafundwa ngokusebenzisa imino nofana ngokugwala umuda ngaphandle nangokweqa kwamambala kusuka kwenye inomboro ukuya kwenye. Imisetjenzana yehlobo leli isiza ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) abafundi ukubona lapho iinomboro zikhambelana khona. Kufanele bakwazi bonyana: “ukusuka ku-3 ukuya ku-5 kuzakuthatha imeqo emi-2”. Abafundi kufanele banikelwe amathuba wokwenza ibonelo phambili lokuthi mimeqo emingaki khesithi kusuka ku-2 ukuya ku-5.
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi CAPS ama -24) 1.6 Sebenzisa amathekhiniki Sebenzisa amathekhiniki Isibonelo sokobana abafundi bangayisebenzisa njani inambalayini ethemini : Amathek- alandelako lokha alandelako lokha Kunabesana abathathu nabantazana ababili abenza isifundo sobukghwari esingezelelweko hiniki wok- nawurarulula imiraro nawurarulula imiraro esikolweni. Bangaki abafundi abangetlasini yobukghwari? urarulula begodu uhlathulule begodu uhlathulule Abafundi bangasebenzisa inambalayini ngendlela elandelako ukufinyelela ependulweni. imiraro iinsombululo zemiraro: iinsombululo zemiraro: • Iinsetjenziswa • Iinsetjenziswa   eziphathekako isib. eziphathekako isib. iimbali iimbali • Iinthombe zokugwala • Iinthombe zokugwala 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 isamba sendatjana isamba sendatjana • Ukwakha nokuphula • Amanambalayini iinomboro esekelwe Qala amanothi angenzasi ngaphasi kwe ‘iindlela nofana amaqhinga’ ukuveza inambalayini. • Ukubuyelela kabili ziinsetjenziswa Tjheja bona esikhathini esinengi abafundi bararulula imiraro ngendlela utitjhere nokuhafula eziphathekako isib. angakalindeli ngayo. Imincamo yokubala • Amanambalayini Isibonelo, ukurarulula umraro ongehla, abafundi bangakhetha ukuthoma ukubala ngenani labantazana aba-2, bese bahlanganise noku-3. Iindlela yabafundi izakutjhuguluka ngokukhamba konyaka lokha ukuzwisisa kwabo nokuzijayeza imihlobo yemiraro khula begodu nomqondo nomboro wabo uthuthuka. 103 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 104 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) 1.7 Rarulula imiraro Rarulula imiraro Iimbalo zamagama zivame ukusetjenziswa njengesingeniso eembalweni (ama-oparetjhini). Ukuh- yamagama yamagama Abafundi bathoma ngokurarulula imiraro ngokusebenzisa iinsetjenziswa eziphathekako; langanisa ezisebujameni ezisebujameni lokhu kuthuthukisa: nokukhupha bewuhlathulule bewuhlathulule • Ukugwala iinthombe; iinsombululo zakho iinsombululo zakho • Ukugwala iinthombe nokutlola iinomboro ukuhlathulula iimbalo (ama-opharetjhini) noku; zemiraro ezifaka zemiraro ezifaka ukuhlanganisa ukuhlanganisa • Ukusebenzisa iinomboro kuphela. nokukhupha nempendulo nokukhupha nempendulo Isibonelo: ukufika e-20. ukufika e-20. Kunabantwana abahlanu emjinkweni. Abathathu basehlangothini elilodwa. Bangaki abangakelinye ihlangothi? Ethemini yokuthoma abafundi bangarekhoda imiraro yamagama ngendlela elandelako. Amaqhinga wokubalisisa Ukusebenzisa ukubala koke ukwenzeka ukurarulula umraro womjinko 1,2,3,4,5 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 1, 2, 3 ehlangothini leli Kuna-2 ngakileli ihlangothi Lapha, abafundi babala isiqhema ngasinye nebuthelelo loke, ngakho ke, babala okungasenani kathathu. Ukusebenzisa ukubala uragele phambili ukurarulula umraro oyaphasi naphezulu (see-saw) Abafundi babala baragele phambili ukusuka kukuthathu bebafike kukuhlanu. Leli liqhinga elisiza khulu lokha umuntu nakalisebenzisako. “Ngiyazi bona kunabantwana abathathu begodu umntwana oyedwa wenze babe bane, begodu omunye umntwana oyedwa wenze babe bahlanu abantwana. Kunabantwana ababili ngakwelinye ihlangothi”. Ukuhlanganisa nokukhupha usebenzisa ama-apharathasi Abafundi basebenzisa ama-apharathasi aphathekako ngendlela ethize ukufinyelela ependulweni. Abafundi basebenzisa iinsetjenziswa ukwakha umqondo ozwakalako wokuhlanganisa nokukhupha basebenzisa izinto abangazithinta, bazibambe begodu ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) bajikajike nazo. Bonyana abafundi bazisebenzisa njani iinsetjenziswa, kuzakukhethwa kbonyana isisbalo samagama sijame/sakhiwe bunjani.
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi CAPS ama -24) 1.7 Rarulula imiraro Rarulula imiraro Ukurekhoda imifanekiso yokuhlanganisa nokukhupha Ukuh- yamagama yamagama • Ukurekhoda usebenzisa ama-apharathasi aphathekako langanisa ezisebujameni ezisebujameni Abafundi bangasebenzisa iinsetjenziswa eziphathekako ukbala koke nokubala baragele nokukhupha bewuhlathulule bewuhlathulule phambili. Nanyana kunjalo, abafundi bangasebenzisa amaqhinga la lokha nabagwala iinsombululo zakho iinsombululo zakho iinthombe ukutjengisa ukucabanga kwabo, amaqhinga wabo wokubalisisa begodu zemiraro ezifaka zemiraro ezifaka nomphumela. ukuhlanganisa ukuhlanganisa nokukhupha nempendulo nokukhupha nempendulo • Ukurekhoda iinthombe kwaphela ukufika e-20. ukufika e-20. Isibonelo:   Ukurekhoda eenthombeni neenomborweni Ukwenzela bona abafundi basebenzise iinomboro neenthombe ukuhlathulula ukucabanga kwabo, kufanele ba: • Kghone ukukhumbula iinomboro 1-5 • Bale izinto ezihlanu begodu bazi bonyana u ku 5 ujamele zoke izinto ezibaliweko. • Tlole iinomboro • Hlele begodu bamadanise iinomboro Imihlobo yemiraro yokuhlanganisa neyokukhupha Kunemihlobo okungasenani emithathu yemiraro esisekelo yokuhlanganisa nokukhupha begodu omunye nomunye umhlobo ungabekwa ngeendlela ezahlukahlukeneko. Imihlobo esisekelo ngile: Itjhuguluko UNoluthando beka namahabhula amabili. USilo wamupha amanye amhabhula amathathu. Sekanamahabhula amangaki nje uNoluthando? UNoluthando beka namahabhula amahlanu. Wapha uSilo amahabhula amane. Sekanamahabhula amangaki nje uNoluthando? Hlanganisa UNosesi unamamabula ababili ahlaza kotjani nababili ahlaza kwesibhakabhaka. Unamamabula amangaki sewawoke uNosesi? 105 UNosesi unamamabula amane. Amathathu ahlaza begodu aseleko ahlaza kwesibhakabhaka. UNosesi unamamabula amangaki ahlaza kwesibhakabhaka? ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 106 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) 1.7 Rarulula imiraro Rarulula imiraro Ukumadanisa Ukuh- yamagama yamagama UNosesi unamabhanana amahlanu. UThemba unebhanana elilodwa. Amabhanana ka langanisa ezisebujameni ezisebujameni Nosesi adlula wakaThemba ngamabhanana amangaki? nokukhupha bewuhlathulule bewuhlathulule Iinsetjenziswa: iinsombululo zakho iinsombululo zakho zemiraro ezifaka zemiraro ezifaka Abafundi bangasebenzisa izinto zokubala ezitjhaphulukileko, ukubasiza ukubona ukuhlanganisa ukuhlanganisa bona kwenzekani lokha umuntu ahlanganisa amanani ndawonye nofana lokha umuntu nokukhupha nempendulo nokukhupha nempendulo nakawahlukanisako. ukufika e-20. ukufika e-20. Izinto zokubala ezitjhaphulukileko zisiza abafundi ukubona bona kwenzekani lokhana babala koke. Iimbonelo zezizinto zokubala ezitjhaphulukileko ngilezi: • Izinto zokubala • Iingojwana zokubala • Iimvalo zamabhodlhelo • Iintanga zeperegisi • Amatje ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 • Amakhyubhu weyunifiksi • Ukusebenza ngerherho leenomboro ukusuka ku-1 kuya ku-5, abafundi bangasebenzisa imino yabo njengezizinto zokubala ezitjhaphulukileko. ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi CAPS ama -24) 1.9 Ukurarulula Ukurarulula EGreyidini yoku-1 umqondo wokuhlukanisa uthulwe ngokunikela abafundi imiraro Ukubuthele- nokuhlathulula nokuhlathulula ephathekako efaka hlangana ukwabelana nokubuthelela. Itshwayo lokuhlukanisa livezwa la nok- iinsombululo zemiraro iinsombululo zemiraro kwaphela lokha abafundi sele baseGreyidini yesi- 3. wabelana ephathekako okufaka ephathekako okufaka Ngaphasi lapha ziimbonelo zemihlobo yemiraro yamagama ezingenziwa. okurholela hlangana ukwabelana hlangana ukwabelana Ukubuthelela ekuhlu- ngokulinganako ngokulinganako nokubuthelela nokubuthelela Ukubuthelela, ulahle isalela kaniseni ngeenomboro ezibanzi ngeenomboro ezibanzi USphenge uthengisa amaskwatjhi ngemigodlana efaka amaskwatjhi amabili umgodlana ukufika ema 20 begodu ukufika ku 5 begodu ngamunye. Usele namaskwatjhi amahlanu. Migodlana emingaki efaka amaskwatjhi amabili nangeempendulo nangeempendulo umgodlana ngamunye, angayenza? ezingahle zifake ezingafaka hlangana Ukubuthelela, ukufaka hlangana, isalela ependulweni hlangana nesalela. isalela. Kunamahabhula amane. Migodlana emingaki yamahabhula amabili athatha engazaliswa ngawo? Ukwabelana Ukwabelana , kulahlwe isalela Yabela abangani abathathu amaswidi amahlanu ukwenzela bona boke bathole inani elilinganako lamaswidi. Ukurekhoda imifanekiso ukwenzela ukubuthelela nokwabelana Lokha sitjengisa ukwabelana kwemiraro yamagama, abafundi “bazakwabelana” into yinye ngesikhathi esisodwa. Abafundi beGreyidi yoku-1 balindeleke babelane into eyodwa ngesikhathi begodu kuzokutjengiswa ekurekhodeni kwabo. Lokha unyaka uragela phambili abafundi bazakghona ukurekhoda basebenzisa iinthombe neenomboro ukubonisa inomboro eyabelweko. 107 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 108 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) UKUBALA OBUSEBUJAMWENI OBUTJHAPHULUKILEKO Zinengi iindlela zokucabanga ngokuhlela ukubala kokufunda nokufundisa. Enye indlela ngeyokucabanga ngerherho leenomboro. Irherho leenomboro abafundi abasebenza ngaphakathi kwalo lizakutjho bona ngimaphi ama-apharathasi wasebenzisako nokuthi bazazirekhoda bunjani iinsombululo zabo. Ngakho-ke, enye indlela yokucabanga ngokubala esiGabeni esisiSekelo kujamisela ukubala. Lokhu kwenziwa ngoku: • Sebenzisa ama-apharathasi aphathekako; • Ukugwala iinthombe; • Ukusebenzisa iinthombe namatshwayo; • Ukusebenzisa iinomboro nabotjhobi; nofana • Ukusebenzisa imitjho yeenomboro. Abafundi basuka ekusebenziseni ama-apharathasi aphathekako ukuya ekusebenzeni ngezinto ezingaphathekiko ematshwayeni weenomboro nemitjhweni yeenomboro. Ukubalisisa kuwela ngaphakathi komqondo wobujamo bokurarulula imiraro. Abafundi bathuthukisa amakghono wokurarulula imiraro ukwenzela ukusebenza ngeenomboro. Abafundi bafanele benze ukubala obusebujameni obutjhaphulukileko. ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi CAPS ama -24) 1.12 Sebenzisa amathekhiniki Sebenzisa amathekhiniki Ethemini yokuthoma abafundi bazakurarulula imiraro yeenomboro basebenzisa Amathekh- alandelako nawenza: alandelako nawu ama-apharathasi aphathekako. Kuqakathekile bona abafundi basebenzise imihlobo iniki • Ama-apharathasi urarulula imiraro begodu ehlukahlukeneko yama-apharathasi akhethiwe ngokuyelela ukuthuthukisa imiqondo aphathekako isib. uhlathulule iinsombululo efundisiweko. (iindlela Izinto zokubala zemiraro: Lokha abafundi baba nokuzithemba ngokusebenzisa ama-apharathasi, ukutjengisa nofana amaqhinga) • Ukugwala iinthombe • Ama-apharathasi ukucabanga kwabo, bangarekhoda ukubala kwabo ngokugwala. Kufanele ulindele aphathekako isib. bona imigwalo yabo itjengise ama-apharathasi aphathekako. Kungahle kube khona • Ukwakha nokuphula Izinto zokubala abanye abafundi abazakuthi zisuka nje batjengise ukubala kwabo ngokugwala begodu iinomboro • Iinthombe zokugwala bangasebenzisi iinsetjenziswa eziphathekako. • Ukubuyelela umphumela Amanambalayini asekelwe ma-apharathasi aphathekako nokuhafula wendatjana Lokha usebenzisa amanambalayini njengamathekhiniki ukwenzela ukubala, kuthlogeka • Amanambalayini • Amanambalayini bona abafundi bathome ngokusebenzisa lokhu: asekelwe ma- • Amanye ama-apharathasi wokubala asemideni’ isib imincamo yokubala, iinomboro apharathasi ezilandelanako; aphathekako isib. • Inambalayini yokubala uye phambili nemuva; ne Imincamo yokubala • Nambalayini ukwenzela ukubeka kuhle nokuhlela iinomboro. Inambalayini ehleleke kuhle kufanele isetjenziswe (begodu ibe ngelungileko) lokha abafundi nabahlanganisa begodu nabakhuphako. Inambalayini ehleleke kuhle kufanele itjengise zoke iinomboro ezikiyo. • Ukwethula ukuhlanganisa ngokusebenzisa inamba layini a) Utitjhere ubeka inambalayini ethoma ngeli- ukuya e- ebhodini. Utjengisa abafundi bona bangawurarulula njani umraro usebenzisa inambalayini. Ubeka isithombe somqasana eli-. Isibonelo: Umqasana weqa ukusuka eli- uye kusi- begodu usuke lapho weqe imeqo emibili godu. Mimeqo emingaki nasele iphelele? b) Abafundi basebenzisa imino yabo ukweqa enambalayinini esemadeskeni wabo, lokha utitjhere abanikela imitjho yeenomboro neempendulo ezifika e-10, Isibonelo: 1 + 2 =3. 109 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 110 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) 1.13 Irherho leenomboro : 1 Irherho leenomboro : 1 -5 EThemini yoku-1 abafundi bazwisisa ukuhlanganisa njengokuhlanganisa iinqhema Ukuh- -20 • Hlanganisa kufika ku 5 begodu nanjengokubala uragele phambili. Basebenzisa ukuzwisisa kwabo kokuthi langanisa • Hlanganisa ukufika ukuhlanganisa kungenziwa nanganoma ngiyiphi indlela ukukhetha bona ubala njani. • Khupha kusuka ku 5 nokukhupha ema-20 Basebenzisa intambo yemincamo, bagwala iinthombe nofana inambalayini ukwenzela • Zijayeza ukulumbana ukubala njengokuthi 3 + 2 nofana 1 + 4 ngokubala uragele phambili. Bayaziphula iinomboro • Khupha ukusuka ema / ukuhlangana ukwenzela ukuhlanganisa. 20 kweenomboro kufika EThemini yoku-1 abafundi barhumutjha ukukhupha njengoku ‘thatha ususe’. Bajamisela • Sebenzisa umbalo/ ku-5 u ‘thatha ususe’ ngokusebenzisa izinto nokugwala iinthombe nangemitjho yeenomboro. itshwayo elifaneleko Bayakhumbula bona inani lezinto eziseleko ziyipendulo yokubala. Babuye barekhode • ( £) Ukuhlanganisa nokukhupha ngokusebenzisa: • Zijayeza ukulumbana • ama-apharathasi aphathekako; / ukuhlangana • Iinthombe nofana imigwalo; nofana kweenomboro kufika e 10 • Iinthombe neenomboro. Ukusebenza ngerherho leenomboro 1 – 5 Lokha abafundi basebenza nofana babalisisa ngaphakathi kwerherho leli leenomboro bangakha ukuzwisisa kwabo kokuhlanganisa nokukhupha ngendlela elandelako: ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 • Sebenzisa ama-apharathasi aphathekako ukujamisela iinomboro nokubala • Ukurekhoda ukubala kwabo basebenzisa iinthombe nofana iimfaniso • Ukurekhoda ukubala kwabo ngokusebenzisa ukuhlanganisa iinthombe neenomboro Ukwakha nokuphula iinomboro Ukuhlanganisa nokukhupha eGreyidini yoku-1 kunqotjhiswe ekwenzeni bona abafundi bacabange ngeenomboro njengento evela kwezinye iinomboro. Esikhathini esinengi abafundi bazibandakanya emsebenzini owodwa owenziwe waba ziinkhawu-khawu. Imisetjenzana le, inqotjhiswe enomborweni eyodwa. Isibonelo , lokha abafundi basebenza ngenomboro u-4 abafundi bazaku: • phula u-4 ngeendlela ezahlukahlukeneko; • tjho nofana bafundele iinqetjhana lezo phezulu; nofana • gwala nofana bazitlole phasi.   1 4 3 ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi CAPS ama -24) 1.13 Irherho leenomboro : 1 Irherho leenomboro : 1 -5 Abafundi bangasebenzisa namakarada weenomboro ukutjengisa iingcenye zeenimboro. Ukuh- -20 • Hlanganisa kufika ku 5 Ngakho ke , ukutjengisa u 4, amanye wamakarada alandelako angasetjenziswa: langanisa • Hlanganisa ukufika • Khupha kusuka ku 5 nokukhupha ema-20   • Zijayeza ukulumbana 1 3 • Khupha ukusuka ema / ukuhlangana 20 kweenomboro kufika • Sebenzisa umbalo/ ku-5 itshwayo elifaneleko 2 2 • ( £) • Zijayeza ukulumbana Imiqondo le ingasekelwa ngokurekhoda eencwadini zomsebenzi wangetlasini ngesikhathi / ukuhlangana sokusebenza ngokuzijamela kweenomboro kufika   4 e 10 1 3 Lokhana bakhuphako, abafundi bavame ukuzibandakanya eembalweni zeendatjana ezithuthukisa ukukhupha njengo ‘thatha ukhuphe’ nofana ‘bala ukhuphe’. Abafundi kufanele benze imisetjenzana yeengcenye ezitjhiyiweko. Imisetjenzana le, isekela ukuzwisisa ukukhupha begodu ifuna kube nencenye efihlekileko nofana engaziwako. Isibonelo :   Ngina Ngifisa ngathana ngina-5 Itshwayo alithulwa kileThemu le. Abafundi kufanele bavezelwe iindlela ezinengi zokutlola imitjho ezakubasiza lokha nakwethula itshwayo ngeThemu yesi-2.   Isibonelo soku-1 Example  1   Isibonelo sesi-2 Example  2   kwenza make     3    ana nd   make      ana nd   kwenza 2   111 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 112 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) 1.13 Irherho leenomboro : 1 Irherho leenomboro : 1 -5 Ukulumbana kweenomboro Ukuh- -20 • Hlanganisa kufika ku 5 NgeThemu le, abafundi bazijayeza ukulumbana kweenomboro ukufika ku-5. Lokhu langanisa • Hlanganisa ukufika • Khupha kusuka ku 5 kungathulwa ngokusebenzisa iinthombe nemitjho yeenomboro ngokusebenzisa iimfaniso nokukhupha ema-20 ezihlukahlukeneko • Zijayeza ukulumbana • Khupha ukusuka ema Ukuhlanganisa / ukuhlangana 20 kweenomboro kufika Isibonelo: • Sebenzisa umbalo/ ku-5 Ukwenza u-5 nofana ukuthola abangani aba-5 usebenzise iinthombe neenomboro itshwayo elifaneleko Faka umbala ngeenkwereni ukwenza uku-5 • ( £) Isibonelo: • Zijayeza ukulumbana / ukuhlangana kweenomboro kufika ________ na __________ kwenza 5 e 10 ________ na __________ kwenza 5 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 ________ na __________ kwenza 5 ________ na __________ kwenza 5 Ilimi loku hlanganisa nokukhupha Abafundi kufanele bazijayeze ilimi lokuhlanganisa nokukhupha. Ukuhlanganisa : hlanganisa, ukuhlanganisa, begodu, ukwandisa nga, hlanganisa, sekukoke, kwenza, inani Ukukhupha: Khupha, thatha ususe, khupha, umehluko, phakathi, ncani kuna, ncitjhiswe nga. Ethemini yesi-2 abafundi bazaku “tjhugulula” ilimi lokuhlanganisa nokukhupha benze amatshwayo. Abafundi kufanele bakghone ukulandela iinlayelo ezifana nalezi ezilandelako: • Yenza kudlule ngaku 3 • Yandisa nga 1 • Khupha ku 3 • Yenza kube kuncani nga 1 ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) • Kunengi ngaku 3 na 2 • 4 khupha 2 • 3 ncani nga-1
UBUDE IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu KONYAKA namaminithi YOKU-1 CAPS ama -24) 1.16 Umqondonomboro : irherho 20 Umqondonomboro : Isikhathi seembalo zehloko zithuthukisa ebafundini: Iimbalo • Ukuhlela amasede weenomboro irherho 5 • umqondonomboro; zehloko ezikhethekiloeko onikelwe zona • Ukuhlela amasede • ilimi leemBalo ; • Ukumadanisa iinomboro kufika weenomboro • Amakghono wokucabanga; nama e 100 begodu batjho bonyana ezikhethekiloeko onikelwe zona • kghono wokulalela. ngiyiphi ekulul nofana encani • Ukumadanisa Ngesikhathi seembalo zehloko abafundi kufanele banikelwe ithuba lokuhlathulula • Ukwazi bonyana ngiyiphi iinomboro kufika e iindlela zabo zokwenza. Iimbalo zehloko zakha ilemuko leenomboro (ukuba inomboro enengi nga 1 nofana 10 begodu batjho no ‘muzwa’ weenomboro) begodu zithoma ukufundisa abafundi indlela elula encani nga 1 eenomborweni bonyana ngiyiphi yokusebenza ngeenomboro. Inomboro u ku-5 akusese yinomboro nje kwaphela. onokelwe zona ekulul nofana encani Isibonelo, enomborweni uku-5, abafundi kufanele bazi bona: • Ukwazi bonyana ngiyiphi inomboro ekulu ngaku 2 nofana • Ukwazi bonyana • Uza ngemuva kuka ku-4; encani nga 2 kunenomboro ngiyiphi inomboro • Uza ngaphambi kuka-6; onikelwe yona enengi nga 1 nofana • Ingakhambisana nezinto ezi-5 ; encani nga 1 • Ukwazi bona ngiyiphi inomboro • Bangatlola itshwayo; begodu ekulu nga li 10 nofana encani nga • Ukwazi bonyana ngiyiphi inomboro • Bangatlola igama lenomboro. li10 kunenomboro onikelwe yona ekulu ngaku 2 nofana Umqondonomboro Ukukhumbula masinyana : encani ngaku 2 Iimbonelo zemibuzo nemisetjenzana engabuzwa begodu yenziwe: • Ukuhlangana kweenomboro kufika e 10 • Abafundi bajama emudeni bese uyababuza: ngubani osekuthomeni, wesibili, wesithathu nofana wokugcina? • Ukukhumbula amaphuzu wokuhlanganisa nokukhupha • Ngiyiphi encani, 3 nofana 5? kufika e 10 • Ngikuphi okunengi, 2 nofana 4? Amaqhinga weembalo zehloko • Ngipha inomboro ephakathi kuka 1 no 3, Sebenzisa amaqhinga wokubala • Ngipha inomboro ephakathi kuka 2 no 5. Yinye kuphela inomboro lapho? Ukuhlanganisa nokukhupha • Beka amakarada weenomboro ngokulandelana ukusuka kwencani khulu ngekghono: ukuya kwekulu khulu inomboro. • Beka inomboro ekulu ekuthomeni Imibuzo engabuzwa ngokubala: ukwenzela ukuragela phambili nokubala nofana ukubala uye • Thoma ngaku-3 begodu ubale uye phambili ngakunye ukufika e-10. emuva • Inambalayini • Ukubuyelela kabili nokuhafula • Ukwakha nokuphula 113 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
IGREYIDI YOKU-1 ITHEMU YOKU-1 2. AMAPHETHENI, AMAFANKTJHINI NE-ALJIBHRA 114 UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) 2.1 Ukukopa ,ungezelele Ukukopa Ukukopa iphetheni kusiza abafundi ukubona ilojikhi yokuthi iphetheni yenziwe njani. Amapheth- bewuhlathulule Nokungezelele Ukungezelela iphetheni kusiza abafundi ukubona bonyana bayizwisisile ilojikhi yephetheni. eni weJi- Ukukopa, ungezelele Ukukopa bewungezelele Abafundi bangakopa begodu bangezelele amaphetheni enziwe ngezinto eziphathekako yomethri bewuhlathulule amaphetheni alula nangaphambi kokuberegisa ikhrayoni nofana ipensela ukuthoma ukukopa nokungezelela ngamagama usebenzisa amaphetheni ngokugwala. • Amaphetheni alula • Izinto eziphathekako Amaphetheni angenziwa ngezinto zangamalanga ezijayelekile ezitholakala ngetlasini, enziwe ngezinto • Imigwalo (isib. njengezinto zokubala, iinthoro zomlilo, amabhoksana womlilo, iimbumbeko zeJiyomethri, eziphathekako Ukusebenzisa imibala imincamo, itolitji yekoteni, amabhoksi, amabholo, amakhrayoni, amapensela njll. Abafundi • Amaphetheni alula nobujamo) bangenza izinto ngebumba nofana ihlama yokudlala izinto lezi zingaberegiswa ukwenzwa enziwe ngemigwalo amaphetheni. yemida, ubujamo Egreyidi yoku-1 abantwana banganqopha emaphethenini lapho iimbumbeko nofana izinto nafana izinto. (iinqema zembumbeko nofana zezinto) zibuyabuyelelwe ngendlela efana poro. Tlama begodu Isibonelo 1: uhlathulule Emaphethenini amanye ubukhulu bezinto eenqhemeni buyatjhintjhana, kodwana iinqhema ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 amaphetheni wakho zibuyabuyelelwa ngendlela ezifana patsi. Tlama amaphetheni weJiyomethri   • Ngezinto Isibonelo 2: eziphathekako Amaphetheni angenziwa ngokusebenzisa into eyodwa kodwana imibala itjhuguluke • Ngokugwala imida, ngendlela eqhelileko. ubujamo nofana izinto Amaphetheni asizombelezileko   Ukubona, ukuhlathulula ngamagama nokukopa amaphetheni Isibonelo 3: weJiyomethri Kwamaphethenini amanye izinto ezihlukahlukeneko zisetjenzisiwe ukwenza iinqhema, • Wemvelo, kodwana iinqhema zezinto zibuyabuyelelwa ngendlela efana patsi • Kusukela epilweni yangamalanga yesimodeni,   ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) • Kusukela kezamagugu nendabuko yethu.
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi CAPS ama -24) 2.1 Ukukopa ,ungezelele Ukukopa Ukusiza abafundi begreyidi yoku 1 ukubona bonyana iinqhema zibuyelelwe njani, Isifundo -1 Amapheth- bewuhlathulule Nokungezelele kuqakathekile ukubeka isiqhema ngasinye embhampirini ezihlukeneko nofana uyibonise eni weJi- Ukukopa, ungezelele Ukukopa bewungezelele ebhlogweni lekhasi. yomethri bewuhlathulule amaphetheni alula Isibonelo 4: ngamagama usebenzisa Amaphetheni angenziwa ngokubuyelela iinqhema zezinto. Iinqhema zingenziwa ngezinto • Amaphetheni alula • Izinto eziphathekako ezifanako ezibekwe ebujameni obuhlukeneko. enziwe ngezinto • Imigwalo (isib. Ukwenza amaphetheni kuyingcenye eqakathekileko emfundweni eziphasi, begodu eziphathekako Ukusebenzisa imibala kwenzeka elimini, emaKghonweni wePilo nembalweni. • Amaphetheni alula nobujamo) Isibonelo ukwenza amaphetheni kuyingcenye yomvumo, imidunduzelo, ukugida nokunye enziwe ngemigwalo okunengi okuyimihlobo yobugwari obubonakalo. Kunamathuba wokujayeza abafundi yemida, ubujamo amakghono abonakalako wamaphetheni aberegiswa embalweni lokha nabefunda nafana izinto. amakghono wepilo – khulukhulu ukuthungelela imincamo nofana ukugwala amaphetheni. Tlama begodu uhlathulule amaphetheni wakho Tlama amaphetheni weJiyomethri • Ngezinto eziphathekako • Ngokugwala imida, ubujamo nofana izinto Amaphetheni asizombelezileko Ukubona, ukuhlathulula ngamagama nokukopa amaphetheni weJiyomethri • Wemvelo, • Kusukela epilweni yangamalanga yesimodeni, • Kusukela kezamagugu nendabuko yethu. 115 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 116 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) 2.2 Ukukopa, ukungezelela Ukukopa, ukungezelela EsiGabeni esisiSekelo, amaphetheni wenomboro akha imiqondo nomboro yabafundi. Iimfundo ezi-3 Amaphe- nokuhlathulula nokuhlathulula Amaphetheni wenomboro ahlanganiswe nama-opharetjhini kwenomboro noBudlelwana. theni Ukukopa, ukungezelele Ukukopa, ukungezelele Ukulandelanisa iinomboro kungahlanganiswa nokubala. Ukulandelanisa iinomboro weenom- bewuhlathulule bewuhlathulule kuhlanganisa begodu kuthuthukisa amakghono wabafundi wokubala. Njengombana boro Ukulandelanisa Ukulandelanisa amakghono wabafundi wokubala atjhughuluka begodu athuthuka, ngesizathu salokho kwenomboro elula kwenomboro elula nokulandelanisa kwenomboro kuyatjhughuluka. ukufika ku-100. ukufika ku-20. Lokha abafundi babala ngehloko bangatjengiswa ukulandelana kweenomboro okutlolwe Tlama begodu Ukulandelanisa kufanele phasi ngendlela ezihlukahlukeneko. Isib. uhlathulule kubonise ukubalela amaphetheni wakho ukuya phambili nemuva: Yenza bewuhlathulule • nga-1 kusuka kwenye amaphetheni nenye inomboro weenomboro hlangana ne-0 na-20 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 Abafundi bangazalisela iinomboro ezitjhiyiweko ebanikelwe zona ngananoma ngiyiphi indlela yokulandelanisa engaphezulu. Khumbula, godu bonyana abafundi batlola iinomboro ukufika ku-5. Abafundi bangazaliselela iinomboro ezitjhiyiweko ngehloko bebasebenzise amakarada weenomboro ukuqedelela ukulandelana. Qala amanothi wokuhlathulula, wokumadanisa nokulandelanisa. Isibonelo 1: Umkhondo weenomboro/igridi yenomboro   1 2 4 5 6 8 Isibonelo 2: Ukulandelanisa iinomboro Ekupheleni kweThemu, irherho leenomboro likhuphuka beliyofika ema-20. Abafundi bangasebenzisa ukulandelana kweenomboro kusika 1 – 20 nofana ingcenye yokulandelana Isibonelo 3: Inambalayini 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 15 17 18 20 ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
IGREYIDI YOKU- 1 ITHEMU YOKU- 1 3. ISIKHALA NOBUJAMO (JIYOMETHRI) CAPS UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) 3.1 Ilimi lobujamo Ilimi lobujamo Ilimi lobujamo Iimfundo ezi-2 Ubujamo, Hlathulula ubujamo bento Hlathulula ubujamo bento Ilimi lobujamo kufanele lethulwe ngemisetjenzana ephathekako ebandakanya abafundi ukuzijayeza eyodwa ehlobene nenye, eyodwa ehlobene nenye, ngokusikinyeka komzimba okufaka hlangana iingoma nemidunduzelo ngemisikinyeko nokubukela isib.phezu kwe-, phambi isib.phezu kwe-, phambi nangemidlalo enamagama womsikinyeko. Lokhu kungenziwa ngesikhathi sokufundisa kwe- ,emuva kwe-, kwe- ,emuva kwe-, ngetlasini loke nofana ngesikhathi esinqophileko sokufundisa isiqhema. Kuphakanyiswe ngesinceleni, esidleni, ngesinceleni, esidleni, bonyana uthathe iimfundo ezimbili emisetjenzaneni yobujamo ngeThemini yoku-1, kodwana phezulu, phasi, hlanu phezulu, phasi, hlanu ragela phambili uthule begodu uzijayeze amagama wobujamo weengcenyana zetlasi kwe-. kwe-. loke, isiqhema esinqotjhiweko nesikhathi sokusebenza esitjhaphulukileko. Ilimi lobujamo Ubujamo nokubukela Ubujamo lingajayezwa ngesikhathi seemfundo zeLimi namaKghono wePilo. Madanisa imibono neenkombatjhuba Kuqakathekile ukuthula amagama wobujamo ngamapara ngesikhathi esisodwa isib. phasi ehlukahlukeneko • Sebenzisa ilimi naphezulu; ngaphakathi nangaphandle. yezinto ezifanako lobujamo olifunde Amagama wobujamo aqakathekile afaka hlangana: zangamalanga. lokha nawulandela • Esinceleni, esidleni; Ubujamo iinkombatjhuba. • Phambili/ emuva; neenkombatjhuba • Landela • Ngemuva, ngaphambi kwe-; • Landela iinkombatjhuba ukukhambakhamba • Phezu kwe-/ ngaphasi; iinkombatjhuba ukukhambakhamba ngetlasini • Phakathi/ ngaphandle; ngetlasini • Landela iinlayelo • Ngaphasi/ ngaphezu; • Landela iinlayelo ukubeka into • Ngaphasi/ ngaphezulu; ukubeka into eyodwa ngokuya • Eduze/ kude; eyodwa ehlobene ngobudlelwane nenye isib. faka • Hlangana nenye, isib. faka ipensela ngaphakathi ipensela ngaphakathi Ilimi lobujamo lingahlanganiswa ngokurekhoda okutlolwako njengokugwala, ukufaka kwebhoksi. kwebhoksi. umbala nofana ukumadanisa imigwalo ngamagama. Ubujamo neenkombatjhuba Abafundi bangathoma ngokufunda elinye ilimi lobujamo begodu basebenzise ilwazi leli ukulandela: • Iinyalelo ukukhomba nofana ukubeka izinto ezinoBudlelwana nezinye isib. “beka amakhrayoni eqadi kwezinto zokubala”, “beka amakarada weenomboro phezu kwamakhabhodi”. • Iinkombatjhuba zokuzikhambela ngokwabo etlasini isib. “iza phambili”, jama eqadi 117 kwesitulo sakho”, “yeqa phezu komgqomu weenzibi” njll. Ukufundisa abafundi ukulandela iinkombatjhuba kufanele kwenziwe ngemisetjenzana ephathekako lapho abafundi bazikhambela ngokwabo nofana izinto ngokuya ngeenyalelo. ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 118 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) 3.2 Irherho lezinto Irherho lezinto Umsebenzi omnengi wezinto ezibusobuntathu (3-D) eGreyidini yoku-1 kufanele wenziwe Izinto ezibu- Ukubona nokutjho izinto Ukubona nokutjho izinto ngezinto eziphathekako / ezithintekako. Iphasi silibona ngamahlangothi amathathu, ngakho sobuntathu ezi 3-D ezingetlasini ezi 3-D ezingetlasini ke ukuthoma ngezinto eziphathekako kusiza abafundi bona bakhele phezu kwelwazi/ (3-D) begodu neenthombeni begodu neenthombeni kwelemuko abeza nalo esikolweni. • Ubujamo bebholo • Ubujamo bebholo Abafundi abanengi abancani bayatlhaga ukuhlathulula izinto zejiyomethri ezibusobuntathu (iindulungu) (iindulungu) (3-D) kusuka eenthombeni. Ukusebenza ngezinto eziphathekako kusiza abafundi bona barhumutjhe iinthombe zobujamo beJiyomethri ngokukhamba kwesikhathi. Lokha • Ubujamo bebhoksi • Ubujamo bebhoksi nawuphethe into yamambala ephathekako, ungayijikajikisa uyiqale mahlangothi woke. (amaphrizimu) (amaphrizimu) Ungakghona ukubona ukuthi iqaleka injani ukusuka ngemuva nangaphasi. Amatshwayo wezinto Amatshwayo wezinto Lokha nawuphethe isithombe kwaphela, kufanele ubone ngelihlo lemgqondo iingcenye Ukuhlathulula, ukuhlela Ukuhlathulula, ezingabonakaliko emgwalweni lowo. Lokhu akusilula njalo ebafundini abancani. Lokha nokumadanisa izinto ezi ukuhlela ngeengaba abafundi banikelwe ihlathululo yento kuphela ngaphandle kokuthi bayibone nofana 3-D ngokuya ngo: nokumadanisa izinto ezi bayiphathe, kuba budisi khulu ukuzwisisa ubujamo bento ngokupheleleko • bukhulu 3-D ngokuya ngo: Ukwakha ngezinto ezi 3-D • mbala • bukhulu Abafundi bathoma ngomdlalo otjhaphulukileko ngezinto ezihlukahlukeneko ezi 3D begodu • izinto ezigedekako • mbala bazakhele izinto ezikhethwe ngibo basebenzisa amabhlogo wokwakha nofana izinto Imisetjenzana zokwakha nofana izinto ezisetjenziswe zabuyelelwa godu. Lokhu kungenziwa ngesikhathi • izinto ezitjhelelako ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 enqotjhiweko sokusebenza ngokuzijamela. Imisetjenzana Tjheja begodu wakhe Ungasebenzisa izinto ezisetjenziswe zabuyelelwa godu (njengamabhoksi weenthoro enqotjhiweko izinto ezibusontathu zomlilo) nofana amabhlogo wokwakha nofana ezinye izinto zokwakha ukwenza umfanekiso Tjheja begodu nofana umakhiwo isib. umbhotjhongo, irobothi, isitimela, iteksi, inqaba njll. Abafundi 3-D ezinikelweko wakhe izinto ezi bangenza ikhophi yomfanekiso. Lokhu kungenziwa ngesikhathi sokuzijamela, kodwana ngokusebenzisa 3-D ezinikelweko kuqakathekile bonyana bacocisane nabafundi ngokobana kubayini imihlobo ethile amamathiriyelii ngokusebenzisa yezinto isetjenziswa ukwenza imifanekiso. Lokhu kusiza ukunqophisa abafundi ezintweni aphathekako afana amamathiriyelii eziphawulekako ebumbekweni lejiyomethri. Isibonelo, lokha umbhotjhongo nawakhiwa namabhlogo wokwakha, aphathekako afana ngamabhoksi nofana ngamabhlogo, ungabuza abafundi bonyana “ningakghona ukwakha izinto ezibuyelelwa namabhlogo wokwakha, umbhotjhongo nisebenzisa amabholo wodwana?” kufanele bahlathulule ipendulo yabo. zisetjenziswe godu izinto ezibuyelelwa Ukukhumbula nokutjho iimbholo (iindulungu) namabhoksi (amaphrizimu) nezinto zokwakha zisetjenziswe godu, Abafundi bafanisa begodu bahlathulule ubujamo beembholo (iindulungu) nobujamo nezinto zokwakha bamabhoksi (amaphrizimu) Abafundi kufanele bahlathulule izinto zangamalanga ngokutjho bonyana zinobujamo bebholo nofana bebhoksi, isib. isitina lesi sijame njengebhoksi nofana ilamune leli lijame njengebholo. Kuqakathekile bonyana abafundi babone begodu basebenze ngeembonelo zezinto ezinengana ezinobujamo obufana neembholo nezifana namabhoksi. ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) Abafundi kufanele banikelwe ihlelo lezinto ezisabundulunga bonyana basebenze ngazo isib. iimbholo zobukhulu obuhlukakhlukeneko, iimabula, amalamune njll. Abafundi kufanele banikelwe godu ihlelo lezinto ezinobujamo obufana nephrisimu ukusebenza ngazo isib. amabhlogo, iintina, namabhoksi wobukhulu obungalinganiko.
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi CAPS ama -24) 3.2 Irherho lezinto Irherho lezinto Abafundi bangathola begodu bahlukanise izinto zobujamo obufana nebholo (indulungu), Iimfundo ezi-3 Izinto ezibu- Ukubona nokutjho izinto Ukubona nokutjho izinto nofana ubujamo obufana nebhoksi (amaphrizimu) lokha nabanikelwa ibuthelelo lezinto. sobuntathu ezi 3-D ezingetlasini ezi 3-D ezingetlasini Abafundi bangathola, babonise begodu batjho izinto ezinobujamo obufana namabhoksi (3-D) begodu neenthombeni begodu neenthombeni (amaphrizimu) ngetlasini. Abafundi bangalayelwa bonyana benze ubujamo beembholo nofana bamabhoksi ngebumba nofana ngehlama yokudlala. • Ubujamo bebholo • Ubujamo bebholo (iindulungu) (iindulungu) Ukumadanisa nokuhlathulula izinto ze3-D: ubukhulu Abafundi bamadanisa ubukhulu bezinto ezifanako • Ubujamo bebhoksi • Ubujamo bebhoksi (amaphrizimu) (amaphrizimu) Isibonelo: • hlela amabholo ngokuya ngobukhulu Amatshwayo wezinto Amatshwayo wezinto • sebenzisa ilimi lobukhulu ukumadanisa izinto “ibhoksi likhudlwana kunebholo, ngombana Ukuhlathulula, ukuhlela Ukuhlathulula, ngingafaka ibholo phakathi kwebhoksi. nokumadanisa izinto ezi ukuhlela ngeengaba 3-D ngokuya ngo: nokumadanisa izinto ezi Ukuhlathulula izinto za (3-D) 3-D ngokuya ngo: Abafundi bakhuluma ngemibala yezinto begodu bazihlukanise ngokuya ngombala. • bukhulu • bukhulu Ukubona nokutjho izinto nemibala yazo, nokumadanisa ubukhulu bezinto kungajayezwa • mbala ngesikhathi sokusebenza ngamaphetheni • izinto ezigedekako • mbala Imisebenzi etlolwako • izinto ezitjhelelako Imisetjenzana Nanyana imisebenzi eminengi yezinto za3-D yenziwa ngokwenza, umsebenzi enqotjhiweko Imisetjenzana ungahlanganiswa ngemisebenzi etlolwako enqotjhiweko Tjheja begodu wakhe ILimi izinto ezibusontathu Tjheja begodu Kuqakathekile ukuthuthukisa ikghono labafundi lokukhuluma ngezinto za3-D 3-D ezinikelweko wakhe izinto ezi • ILimi lobukhulu: khulu, khudlwana, khulu khulu, ncani, ncanyana, ncani khulu ngokusebenzisa 3-D ezinikelweko • Imibala amamathiriyelii ngokusebenzisa aphathekako afana • ILimi lezinto ngokwazo: amabhoksi, iimbholo (abafundi abakalindeleki ukwazi amamathiriyelii namabhlogo wokwakha, amaThemu la: indulungu namaphrisimu) aphathekako afana izinto ezibuyelelwa • ILimi lobujamo ukuhlathulula umakhiwo namabhlogo wokwakha, zisetjenziswe godu Isibonelo izinto ezibuyelelwa nezinto zokwakha zisetjenziswe godu, • Phezu kwe, ngaphasi nezinto zokwakha • Ngemuva, ngaphambili • Eqadi kwe, magega na • Ngaphasi, ngaphezu • Eduze, hlangana • Ngaphakathi, ngaphandle ILimi lobukhulu nombala lingathuthukisa elimini nofana ngesikhathi sesifundo samaKghono wePilo begodu sisetjenziswe nofana sijayezwe esikhathini sokufunda iimbalo. Ilimi 119 lobujamo lingathuthukiswa elimini nofana esikhathini sokufunda amaKghono wePilo begodu nangesikhathi lapho abafundi banqophe khulu khulu ebujameni. Kungasetjenziswa nofana kujayezwe lokha abafundi nabasebenza ngezinto za3-D ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
IGREYIDI YOKU-1 ITHEMU YOKU-1 4. UKUMEDA 120 UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) 4.1 Ukudlula kwesikhathi Ukudlula kwesikhathi Abafundi bafanele bafunde ukukhuluma ngoku: Iimfundo ezi-2 Isikhathi Khuluma ngokudlula Khuluma ngokudlula • Landelanisa izehlakalo begodu kwesikhathi kwesikhathi • nobude besikhathi • Ukuhlela izehlakalo • Ukuhlela izehlakalo Inengi lemisebenzi lenzeka ngamalanga ngesikhathi sokufundiswa kwetlasi nofana eziqhelekileko ezisuke eziqhelekileko ezisuke ngesikhathi esinqophileko sokufundisa isiqhema epilweni yabo epilweni yabo Abafundi bakhuluma begodu baphendule imibuzo lokha izinto nazenzeka, basebenzisa ilimi • Ukumadanisa • Ukumadanisa elinjenga: ekuseni, ngemva kwamadina, ebusuku, ngaphambi nangemva kwesikhathi ubude besikhathi ubude besikhathi Ukukhamba kwesikhathi kusetjenziswe ilimi kusetjenziswe ilimi isib. eside, esifitjhani, isib. eside, esifitjhani, Abafundi balandelanisa izehlakalo basebenzisa ilimi elinjenga: izolo, namuhla, kusasa. kabuthaka. kabuthaka. Abafundi bamadanisa ubude besikhathi basebenzisa ilimi elinjenga: edenyana nofana • Ukulandelanisa • Ukulandelanisa efitjhazana begodu emsinyazana nofana ebuthaka khulu. izehlakalo izehlakalo Abafundi bakhuluma ngokuhlela izehlakalo zamaphilo wabo. Bahlela godu nokulandelana ngokusebenzisa ilimi ngokusebenzisa ilimi kweenthombe njenga: ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 elifaka njengokuthi elifaka njengokuthi • amagadango wokwenza imbhedlezwana nofana ikopi yetiye; izolo, namhlanje, izolo, namhlanje, • iinthombe ezitjengisa umtwana okhula abe mumuntu omkhulu kusasa. kusasa. • umzombe wepilo yeembandana isib. Iqanda ukuya ekukhwini, nofana iqanda ukuya Ukutjho isikhathi Ukutjho isikhathi esirhwarhweni nofana iqanda ukuya eviyaviyaneni; begodu • Ukuhlathulula • Ukuhlathulula • Izehlakalo eziqhelileko zangelanga (ukuvuka, ukuba sesikoleni, ukudlala, ukudla isidlo nakwenzeka into nakwenzeka into santambama, ukulala). ngokusebenzisa ilimi ngokusebenzisa ilimi isib. ekuseni,ngemuva isib. ekuseni,ngemuva Ukutjho isikhathi kwedina, ebusuku, kwedina, ebusuku, • Abafundi bafunda amalanga weveke ngeengoma nangemidunduzelo. Lokhu kwenziwa ekuseni khulu, ekuseni khulu, ngamalanga. ngemuva kwesikhathi. ngemuva kwesikhathi. • Amalanga wamabeletho abekwa ekhalendeni ngelanga elifaneleko. • Ukutjho begodu • Ukutjho begodu • Abafundi bafunda izinyanga zomnyaka ngengoma nangemidunduzelo. nokulandelanisa nokulandelanisa amalanga weveke. amalanga weveke. • Ukutjho begodu • Ukutjho begodu nokulandelanisa nokulandelanisa iinyanga zonyaka. iinyanga zonyaka. ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) • Ukubeka amalanga • Ukubeka amalanga wamabeletho wamabeletho ekhalendeni. ekhalendeni
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi CAPS ama -24) 4.2 Ukulinganisa Ukulinganisa Zoke iimedo zeGreyidi yoku-1 azikahleleki. Akukho ukumeda okuhlelekileko kobude Ubude okungakahleleki okungakahleleki emayunithini ahlelekileko enziweko. • Ukumadanisa • Ukumadanisa Kuphakanyiswe bonyana iimfundo zeembalo zinqotjhiswe emathemini amabili emnyakeni nokuhlela ubude, nokuhlela ubude, munye (iThemu yoku-1 neyesi-3). Umnqopho eThemini yoku-1 ungaba sekumadaniseni ukuphakama nofana ukuphakama nofana okunqotjhiweko begodu ngeThemu yesi-3 abafundi bangasebenza namayunithi wokumeda ububanzi bezinto ububanzi bezinto angakahleleki. Abafundi bangabuya bazijayeze begodu bahlanganise imiqondo le ezimbili nofana ezimbili nofana ngesikhathi sokusebenza sokuzijamela ngonyaka woke. ezinengi ngokuzibeka ezinengi ngokuzibeka Ukumadanisa okunqophileko kobude bezinto ezithintekako ukuthuthukisa ukuzwisisa enye eqadi kwenye. enye eqadi kwenye. ubude belimi lokukhuluma ngakho. • Ukusebenzisa • Ukusebenzisa Abafundi bathoma ngokucabanga nokukhuluma ngobude ngokumadanisa izinto ezimbili ilimi ukukhuluma ilimi ukukhuluma (nofana imigwalo yezinto ezimbili) ngomehluko obonakala khulu wobude. ngokumadanisa, isib. ngokumadanisa, isib. Isibonelo ubude, ubufitjhani, ubude, ubufitjhani, ububanzi. ububanzi. • Isiquntu eside nesincani sentambo • Ukulinganisa, • Umuthi omude nomfitjhani, ukumeda, • Umlambo obanzi nomatsikani ukumadanisa, ukuhlela Abafundi bangenza nofana bagwale iimbonelo njengoku: begodu nokurekhoda • Sebenzisa ibumba nofana ihlama yokudlalisa ukwenza inyoka ede nefitjhani ubude usebenzise iimedo ezingakahleleki • Sebenzisa amabhlogo ukwenza umbhotjhongo omude nomncani/omfitjhani isib. izandla, igadango, • Gwala utitjhere omude nomfitjhani ubude bepensela, Lokha abafundi nabakhulumma ngobude ngokuya ngokungafani, ungabathulela elimini izinto zokubala, njll. elitjha lokumadanisa isibonelo, “ngenze isitimela eside kodwana uSihle wenze esidanyana”. • Ukuhlathulula ubude Ukumadanisa ubude ngokubeka izinto emaqadi kwezinye bezinto ngokubala nangokutjho ubude Lokha abafundi nabangakhuluma ngobude obudluleleko (ubude, ubufitjhani njll), begodu ngamayunithi umadanise ubude bezinto ezihluke ngokubonakalako ngokurhedlula, bangaragela phambili angakahleleki. eembonelweni ezingabonakali lulae nawuzirhedlulako kokuthoma begodu zifuna ukubekwa enye hlanu kwenye ukwenzelela ukuzimadanisa. isibonelo, • Thola bonyana ngibaphi abantwana abade ngokubajamisa bafulathelene • Ukubeka amakhrayoni amabili elinye kelinye begodu banqophise ingaphasi lamakhrayoni ukuthola bonyana ngiliphi elifitjhani khulu Abafundi bafanele banikelwe ithuba lokumadanisa iimbonelo ezimbili zemihlobohlobo eminengi njengeengodo, amapensela, amathunjana wokusela isiselo esimakhaza, ubude bentambo, iribhoni, imitletlana yephepha njll. Imigwalo yezinto ezimbili ingamadaniswa godu lokha nazingabekwa eqadi kenye nenye begodu zinqophise phezulu nofana phasi. 121 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 122 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) 4.2 Ukulinganisa Ukulinganisa Abafundi bangaragela phambili ukumadanisa nokuhlela izinto ezintathu nofana ezinengi. Iimfundo ezi-2 Ubude okungakahleleki okungakahleleki Lokhu kwaziwa njengeserayetjhini. Iimbonelo zifaka hlangana: • Ukumadanisa • Ukumadanisa • Iinqhema zabafundi ezijame zafulathelana ngamapara/ngababili bonyana bangazibeka nokuhlela ubude, nokuhlela ubude, bona emdeni ukusuka komfitjhani ukuya komude; begodu ukuphakama nofana ukuphakama nofana • Ukurhemisa iinqhema zezinto zangantathu nofana ezinengi ukusukela komude ububanzi bezinto ububanzi bezinto khulu ukuya kwefitjhani khulu nofan ebanzi khulu ukuya kwematsikana khulu. Izinto ezimbili nofana ezimbili nofana ezifanelekileko zifaka hlangana amapensela, amakhrayoni, amabhodlela, iingodo, ubude ezinengi ngokuzibeka ezinengi ngokuzibeka bentambo nofana iribhoni, imitletlana yephepha nofana imethiriyeli, amanyathelo njll. enye eqadi kwenye. enye eqadi kwenye. Abafundi bathuthukisa umqondo wobude nelimi lokuhlathulula ubude ngesikhathi sinye. • Ukusebenzisa • Ukusebenzisa Njengombana lokhu kungasatlhogi iinomboro, bungenziwa ekuthomeni kweThemu yoku-1 ilimi ukukhuluma ilimi ukukhuluma ngaphambi kobana abafundi bahlanganise inomboro yabo yokwenza umqondo ukufikela ngokumadanisa, isib. ngokumadanisa, isib. enomborweni yesi-5. ubude, ubufitjhani, ubude, ubufitjhani, ububanzi. ububanzi. Nanyana ukumeda kulikghono lokwenza, abafundi bafanele benze godu imisebenzi yokutlola, engafaka hlangana ukugwala nokufaka umbala, kokubili bonyana bazijayeze • Ukulinganisa, ukusebenzisa amakhrayoni nofana amapensela begodu bonyana bazijayeze ukurekhoda ukumeda, lokha nabamedako. ukumadanisa, ukuhlela begodu nokurekhoda ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 ubude usebenzise iimedo ezingakahleleki isib. izandla, igadango, ubude bepensela, izinto zokubala, njll. • Ukuhlathulula ubude bezinto ngokubala nangokutjho ubude ngamayunithi angakahleleki. ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi CAPS ama -24) 4.3 Ukumeda Ukumeda Koke ukumeda eGreyidini yoku-1 akukahleleki. Akukho ukumedwa okuhlelekileko Ubungako/ okungakahleleki okungakahleleki kobungako ngokusebenzisa amayunithi ahlelekileko nofana iinsetjenziswa. Ubudisi • Ukulinganisa, • Ukulinganisa, Kuphakanyiswe bonyana iimfundo zeembalo zinqotjhiswe ebudisini okungasenani ukumeda, ukumeda, emathemini amabili wonyaka (iThemu yoku- 1 neyesi-4). Umnqopho eThemini yoku- ukumadanisa, ukumadanisa, 1kungaba kumadanisa okunqophileko begodu eThemini yesi-4 abafundi bangasebenza ukuhlela, begodu ukuhlela, begodu ngamayunithi angakahleleki wokumeda. Abafundi bangazijayeza begodu bahlanganise nokurekhoda ubudisi, nokurekhoda ubudisi, imiqondo le ngesikhathi somsebenzi wokuzijamela umnyaka woke. ngokusebenzisa ngokusebenzisa Ukumadanisa okunqophileko kobudisi bezinto ezithintekako iimedo ezingakahleleki iimedo ezingakahleleki • Ukuthuthukisa ukuzwisisa kobudisi nelimi lokukhuluma ngakho. begodu nesikala begodu nesikala sokudzimelela isib. sokudzimelela isib. Abafundi bathoma ukucabanga nokukhuluma ngobungako ngokumadanisa izinto ezidisi amabhulogo, iintina amabhulogo, iintina nezilula. Baphakamisa into elula khulu begodu balinge ukuphakamisa into ebudisi khulu. njll. njll. Lokhu kungahlanganiswa ngokuveza imigwalo emadanisa izinto ezibudisi khulu nalezo ezilula khulu. Lokha abafundi nabangakhuluma ngobungako ukuya ngokungafani, ubudisi • Ukusebenzisa • Ukusebenzisa nobulula, abafundi bangamadanisa izinto ezimbili begodu batjho bonyana ngiyiphi ebudisi ilimi ukukhuluma ilimi ukukhuluma khulu begodu ngiyiphi elula khulu. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokuphatha into esandleni ngasinye ngokumadanisa isib. ngokumadanisa isib. nokumadanisa bonyana ngiyiphi ebudisi khulu nelula khulu. lula, budisi, lula-khulu, lula, budisi, lula-khulu, budisi-khulu. budisi-khulu. • Abafundi bafanele barekhode woke umsebenzi nanyana ngemigwalo nofana imisebenzi ekhambelanako. • Ukuhlathulula ubude bezinto ngokubala • Ukumadanisa ubudisi kusetjenzisa isikala sokudzimelela isikhali zokudzimelela nangokutjho ubude esithengwako singasetjenziswa. Lokha nawungenasikala sokudzimelela esithengwako, ngamayunithi ungasenza ngokunamathisela ipara yakunye okulandelako ihangere yembaji: Ikopi angakahleleki. yeyogathi, ingaphasi elisikiweko lebhodlela lamalitha ama-2 nofana ingaphasi elisikiweko lelitha yi-1 yebisi nofana ibhoksi lejusi (iimumathi ezifanako zilengiswa emahlangothini womabili wehangere). • Abafundi bangathoma ngokubeka izinto ezilinganako emahlangothini womabili wesidzimeleli, ukubona bonyana isisekelo sehangere yembaji sidzimelele lokha izinto lezi ezimbili zinobudisi obulinganako. • Abafundi bamadanisa izinto ngokubeka into yinye ehlangothini ngalinye lesidzimeleli, ukubona bonyana ngiyiphi ebudisi khulu nofana elula khulu. • Abafundi bangamadanisa izinto ngokubeka izinto ezinengana ehlangothini linye nofana womabili wesidzimeleli ukubona bonyana zizinto ezingaki ngayinye ezinobudisi obulingana nenye isib, amakhrayoni ama-5 anobudisi obulingana nesikere si-1. • Lokhu kungandiselelwa kuserayitjhini , lapho abafundi bahlola khona ubudisi obukhambelanako bezinto ezikhamba ngazibili baze bakghone ukulandelanisa izinto ezintathu nofana ezinengi ukusuka kelula khulu ukuya kwebudisi khulu nofana ukusuka 123 kwebudisi khulu ukuya kwelula khulu. ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 124 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) 4.3 Ukumeda Ukumeda Izinto ezikhethwako zifanele zifake hlangana izinto ezikulu ezilula nezinto ezincani Iimfundo ezi-2 Ubungako/ okungakahleleki okungakahleleki ezibudisi isib. Ipakana yetswayi enamagremu ama-250 amadaniswa nebhoksi lamasiriyeli • Ukulinganisa, • Ukulinganisa, lamagremu ama-400. Lokhu kusiza abafundi bonyana bazwisise ukusuka ekuthomeni Ubudisi ukumeda, ukumeda, bonyana ubudisi buhlobana kuphela nobukhulu lokha nakukalwa izinto ezifanako. ukumadanisa, ukumadanisa, Abafundi bathuthukisa umqondo wobudisi nelimi lokuhlathulula ubudisi ngesikhathi sinye. ukuhlela, begodu ukuhlela, begodu Njengombana lokhu kungasatlhogi iinomboro, bungenziwa ekuthomeni kweThemu yoku- nokurekhoda ubudisi, nokurekhoda ubudisi, 1 ngaphambi kokubana abafundi bahlanganise inomboro zabo zokwenza umqondo ngokusebenzisa ngokusebenzisa wenomboro ne-opharetjhini ukufikela enomborweni yesi-5. iimedo ezingakahleleki iimedo ezingakahleleki Ukurhekhoda begodu nesikala begodu nesikala sokudzimelela isib. sokudzimelela isib. Nanyana ukumeda kulikghono lokwenza, abafundi bafanele benze godu imisebenzi amabhulogo, iintina amabhulogo, iintina yokutlola, engafaka hlangana ukugwala nokufaka umbala, kokubili bonyana bazijayeze njll. njll. ukusebenzisa amakhrayoni nofana amapensela begodu bonyana bazijayeze ukurekhoda lokha nabamedako. • Ukusebenzisa • Ukusebenzisa ilimi ukukhuluma ilimi ukukhuluma ngokumadanisa isib. ngokumadanisa isib. lula, budisi, lula-khulu, lula, budisi, lula-khulu, budisi-khulu. budisi-khulu. ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 • Ukuhlathulula ubude bezinto ngokubala nangokutjho ubude ngamayunithi angakahleleki. ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi CAPS ama -24) 4.4 Ukumeda Ukumeda Uyini umthamo? Iyini ivolumu? Umthamo linani elingaphathwa yinto (inani loke lesikhala Isifundo esi-1 Umthamo/ okungakahleleki okungakahleleki esingaphakathi kwabo). IVolumu linani lesikhala esithathwa yinto. Ibhodlela lingaba Ivolumu • Ukumadanisa • Ukumadanisa nomthamo wamakopi amane azeleko,kodwana ngesikhathi esithileko ingaba nekopi linye nokuhlela ubungako nokuhlela ubungako lokumanzana ngaphakathi.Abafundi eGreyidini yoku-1 abakalindeleki ukwazi umehluko obusamanzi (umthamo) okusamanzi hlangana nomthamo nevolumu. obuseemumathini (umthamo) okuse Koke ukumeda eGreyidini yoku-1 akukahleleki. Akukho ukumedwa okuhlelekileko ezimbili ezibekwe mumathini ezimbili komthamo/kwevolumu ngokusebenzisa amayunithi ahlelekileko. esinye hlanu kesinye. Abafundi bahlola ezibekwe esinye eduze Kuphakanyisiwe bonyana iimfundo zeembalo zinqotjhiswe emthameni/evolumini ngokuthi bathele nesinye. Abafundi emathemini amathathu wonyaka (iThemu yoku- 1, yesi-2 neyesi-4). Umnqopho esimumathini sesithathu bahlola ngokuthi eThemini yoku-1 kungaba sekuthuthukiseni ilimi ukukhuluma nokumadanisa amavolumu nakutlhogekako. bathele esimumathini adluleleko, iThemu yesi-2 ingaba sekumadaniseni okunqophileko. IThemu yesi-3 abafundi • Ukumadanisa sesithathu bangasebenza amayunithi wokulinganisa angakahleleki. Abafundi bangazijayeza begodu nokuhlela ubungako nakutlhogekako. bahlanganise imiqondo le ngesikhathi sokusebenza ngokuzijamela umnyaka woke. beketjezi/okusamanzi • Ukusebenzisa Ukumadanisa okunqophileko kwamavolumu eemumathini okungathathwa ilimi ukukhuluma ziimumathi ezimbili Ukuthuthukisa ukuzwisisa kobudisi nelimi lokukhuluma ngakho.Abafundi bangathoma ngokumadanisa isib. nazizeleko ukucabanga nokukhuluma ngevolumu ngokumadanisa bonyana kungangani enengi kune, encani • ( umthamo) okuseemumathini ezimbili ezifanako(nofana imigwalo yeemumathi ezimbili ezifanako) kune, encani, izele, • Ukusebenzisa banqophisa : edududu. ilimi ukukhuluma • Okuzeleko nokudududu. ngokumadanisa isib. • Okunengi kuna/okuncani kuna. enengi kune, encani kune, encani, izele, • Okufana na. edududu. Abafundi bangazalisa begodu bathulule iimumathi basebenzisa amanzi nofana isanda njll. • Ukulinganisa, Njengombana lokhu kungasatlhogi iinomboro, bungenziwa ekuthomeni kweThemu yoku-1 ukumeda, ukumadanisa ngaphambi kobana abafundi bahlanganise umqondo wenomboro ne-opharetjhini ukufikela ukuhlela begodu enomborweni yesi-5. nokurekhoda umthamo Ukurhekhoda ongeemumathini ngokusebenzisa Nanyana ukumeda kulikghono lokwenza, abafundi baufanele benze godu imisebenzi izinto zokumeda yokutlola, engafaka hlangana ukugwala nokufaka umbala, ukuze bazijayeze ezingakahleleki isib. • ukusebenzisa amakhrayoni nofana amapensela begodu Iingobho neenkomitji. • barekhode lokha nabamedako. • Ukuhlathulula umthamo wesimumathi ngokubala nokutjho bonyana kuthathwa amayunithi amangaki angakahleleki ukuzalisa isimumathi. 125 isib.ibhodlela linomthamo wamakopi amane. ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
IGREYIDI YOKU-1 ITHEMU YOKU-1 5. UKUPHATHA IDATHA 126 UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) Ukusebenza ngebuthelelo lezinto 5.1 Ukubuthelela nokuhlela Ukubuthelela nokuhlela Ukuhlela ngemihlobo, Ukujamiselela nokuhlathulula ibuthelelo elihlelekileko, kumakghono Iinfundo ezi-2 Ukubuthele- izinto ngemihlobo izinto ngemihlobo aqakathekileko wabafundi wokuthuthuka emazingeni asisekelo (qala amanothi la nokuhlela Ukubuthelela nokuhlela Ukubuthelela nokuhlela wamakghono wangaphambili welwazi leenomboro ekuthomeni kwamanothi wehlathululo) ngemihlobo ngemihlobo izinto ngemihlobo izinto Lendlela yekambiso ithuthukisa amakghono wabafundi abazowasebenzisa nabenza izinto eziphathekako eziphathekako umzombe wokuphatha idatha. zangamalanga zangamalanga Abafundi banganikelwa ibuthelelo lezinto begodu babawiwe bonyana bazihlele. Isibonelo, Ukujamiselela nikela abafundi iinqhema ezifanako zezinto zokubala begodu ubawe abafundi bazihlele 5.2 Ukujamiselela ibuthelelo lezinto ngeenqhema ngokuya ngemibala, banikele ibuthelelo lezinto ezihlukeneko zokubala Uku- ibuthelelo lezinto elihlelekileko njengekunubhana yokubopha uburotho, indumba yeperegisi, iinthoro zomlilo, imvalo jamiselela ezihlelekileko zamabhodlelo begodu ubawe abafundi bazihlele ngeenqhema. Ukugwala isithombe ibuthelelo Ukugwala isithombe sezinto ezibuthelelweko Abafundi bese bagwala iinthombe zeenqhema abazenzileko. Ngalendlela abafundi lezinto eli- sezinto ezibuthelelweko barekhoda lokho abakwenzileko. Baphendula imibuzo ngeenqhema. hlelekileko Coca bewubike ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 ngokuhlelwa kwezinto Isibonelo 5.3 Coca bewubike ezibuthelelweko “Uzenze njani iinqhema zezinto zokubala? Ngenze iinqhema zemibala.” Ukucoca be- ngokuhlelwa kwezinto • Nikela ngesizathu “Ngisiphi isiqhema sombala wezinto zokubala ezinengi”? Isiqhema sami esinengi sombala godu ubike ezibuthelelweko lobonyana ibuthelelo besibomvu.” ngebuthele- • Nikela iinzathu lihlelwe bunjani “Bewunemibala emingaki yezinto zokubala ehlukahlukeneko?” Benginemibala emihlanu lo lezinto zokobana ibuthelelo • Phendula imibuzo nge: ehlukahlukeneko.” ezihleliweko lihlelwe bunjani -- ukuhlukanisa • Phendula imibuzo ngemihlobo Abafundi bangazitholela indlela yabo yebuthelelo. Isibonelo, abafundi bangabuthelela bonyana: kwenziwe njani amabhlari etatawini lesikolo, nofana beze neemumathi zokudla emakhaya. -- ukuhlela kwenziwe (indlela yekambiso) bunjani (indlela -- ihlukaniso yekambiso) ngemihlobo libukeka -- ibuthelelo bunjani (umkhiqizo) elihlelekileko liqaleka • Coca ngebuthelelo bunjani (umkhiqizo) nemigwalo • Coca ngebuthelelo • Hlathulula bonyana nemigwalo ibuthelelo lihleleke ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) • Hlathulula bonyana bunjani ibuthelelo lihleleke bunjani
IGREYIDI YOKU-I ITHEMU YESI-2 1. IINOMBORO, AMA-OPHARETJHINI NOBUDLELWANA CAPS UBUDE IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO BESIKHATHI AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA : IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) UKUTHUTHUKA KWEMIQONDO YEENOMBORO : Bala ngeenomboro ngokupheleleko 1.1 Ukubala izinto Ukubala izinto Ngikuphi okuhlukileko kuneThemi yoku-1 Ukubala ngokuthembeka ukufika ngokuthembeka ukufika Ethemini yesi-2 ubala, irherho lenomboro liyangezeleleka. Kusesenomnqopho izinto e-50. ema-20 ekuzwisiseni ukuba inomboro yamaswaphela itjho inani lezinto ngesedeni. Abafundi • Nikela isilinganiso • Nikela isilinganiso babala izinto ezinengi begodu ethemini yesi-2 kufanele bafunde bonyana bajamisa esizwakalako senani esizwakalako senani bunjani izinto lokha nababalako ukuze lokha nabahlola ukubala kwabo ihlelwelo lezinto ezingahlolwa lezinto ezingahlolwa libarhelebhe ukubala bulula. ngokuzibala. ngokuzibala. Isibonelo: • Ukubala ngeenqhema Izinto zokubala ezingakabuthelelwa Izinto zokubala ezihlelwe kuyakhuthazwa. ngeenqhema ngeenqhema NgeThemu le abafundi baragela phambili ukungezelela amakghono wabo wokubala nokuzijayeza: • ukubala koke; • ukubala uragele phambili • ikambisolawulo lekhadinali yeenomboro; and begodu • ukusebenza ngamatheksti atloliweko NgeThemu lesibili abafundi bathoma uku: • Bala izinto abangakghoni ukuzithinta nofana ukuzibamba. Isibonelo : Sibuza abafundi: Ziingaba ezingaki ezikhona erhalasini lefesdiri • Bala izehlakalo 127 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO BESIKHATHI AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA : IMINQOPHO YETHEMU 128 YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) 1.1 Ukubala izinto Ukubala izinto Isibonelo: Ukubala ngokuthembeka ukufika ngokuthembeka ukufika Wahla amahlandla ali-15 izinto e-50. ema-20 Phakamisa imino ebu-8 • Nikela isilinganiso • Nikela isilinganiso Isilinganiso esizwakalako senani esizwakalako senani lezinto ezingahlolwa lezinto ezingahlolwa Ukulinganisa inani lezinto esiqhemeni kuthuthukisa amakghono aqakathekileko ngokuzibala. ngokuzibala. wokubonela phambili. Isiza abafundi ukubona bonyana ukubonela phambili kuyakholakala. Lokhu kuqakathekile lokha nabenza iimbalo: bangazihlola bona • Ukubala ngeenqhema ukuqinisekisa bonyana iimpendulo zabo ngezikholwekako. kuyakhuthazwa. Kulisizo ebafundini ukubala iintjengiso zezinto ezibuthelelweko nalezo ezingakabuthelelwa. Linga ukuhlukanisa izinto ezibuthelelweko nalezo ezingakabuthelelwa ngokubawa abafundi bona balinganise bonyana ngiziphi ezinezinto ezinengi. Bangalinganisa inomboro yezinto esithombeni ngasinye. Bangatlola iinomborwezi phaasi. Bangabala ke. Kufanele bamadanise ukulinganisa nokubala kwabo. Tjela abafundi bona bakhulume ngokuthi babale bunjani. Zama ukuthola bona abanye abafundi babale ngeenqhema. Ukulinganisa ngokunqophileko ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 Abafundi bangezelela ikghono labo lokukhumbula ibuthelelo elincani lezinto Ukubala ngeenqhema Ukusiza abafundi ukubala ngamakhefu waku-2, 5 begodu ne-10 kufuneka bona babuthelele ngeenqhema zangaku-2, 5 nali -10. Amakarada weenomboro kufanele aboniswe kilelo nalelo buthelelo ukubonisa inani lezinto ezibaliweko. Ukubala ngeenqhema kuzokulungiselela abafundi ukuzwisisa ukubala ngokubuyelela esigabeni esimaphakathi. Iinsetjenziswa: Itjhejo kufanele linikelwe emihlotjeni yama-apharathasi osetjenzisiweko • Iinsetjenziswa ezihlelekileko, njengentambo yemincamo yokubala • I-Abhakhasi yokujayeza ukubala ngeenqhema zanga-10 • Ukwenza iinyandazanga-2, iinyanda zanga-5 netjhumi begodu uzibale zoke. ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
UBUDE IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO BESIKHATHI AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA : IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu KONYAKA YOKU-1 CAPS namaminithi ama -24) 1.2 Ukubala uye phambili Ukubala uye phambili Ngikuphi okuhlukileko kuneThemu yoku-1? Ukubala uye nemuva nga: nemuva nga: Ethemini ye-2, abafundi kwanje babala bafike ema-50 ngakunye. phambili • Kunye ukusuka kwenye • Kunye ukusuka kwenye Babala godu ngamakhefu we-10, 5 naku-2 nemuva nenye inomboro hlangana nenye inomboro hlangana Ukubala weqa ngomlomo ne-0 ne-100 ne-0 na-50 Ukubala ngokweqa ngelinye ibizo lokubala ngeenqhema. Kuyasiza ukuthuthukisa Ukubala uye phambili nga: Ukubala uye phambili nga: ilemuko lamaphetheni weenomboro. Ukubala ngokweqa kugcugcuzela abafundi • Li-10 ukusuka kesinye • Li-10 ukusuka kesinye ukubala nokucabanga ngeenqhema, okwenza bona babe nekghono elinengi. Lokhu nesinye isibuyabuyelelo nesinye isibuyabuyelelo kusiza godu ukuthuthukisa amakghono wabo wokulinganisa. se-10 hlangana ne-0 ne- se-10 hlangana ne-0 na- Ukubala ngeenqhema kubenza baLimike ubudlelwano hlangana neenomboro 100 50 ezingalandelani kuhle. Ibeka isisekelo sephetheni yeenomboro nokubuyabuyelela. • Ku-5 ukusuka kesinye • Ku-5 ukusuka kesinye Imisebenzi eya phambili nesinye isibuyabuyelelo nesinye isibuyabuyelelo saka ku-5 hlangana ne-0 saka ku-5 hlangana ne-0 Nazi ezinye iimphakamiso zeendlela ezihlukeneko zokwenza ukubala ngokweqa: ne-100 na-50 • Thoma ngokubala iinomboro ezilandelana kuhle kodwana ugandelele yesibili • Ku-2 ukusuka kesinye • Ku-2 ukusuka kesinye ngaso soke isikhathi. Isibonelo abafundi bangawahla izandla, batjho leyo naleyo nesinye isibuyabuyelelo nesinye isibuyabuyelelo nomboro yesibili phezudlwana. Begodu bawa abafundi bona babale kodwana saka ku-2 hlangana ne-0 saka ku-2 hlangana ne-0 batjho leyo naleyo nomboro yesibili ngeenhlokweni zabo. Lokhu kungangezelelwa ne-100 na-20 ebafundini bona batjho kuphela inomboro yesithathu, yesine nofana yesihlanu. • Ungahlukanisa itlasi ngeenqhema, begodu isiqhema ngasinye singadlhegana ukutjho inomboro elandelako. Nangabe, isibonelo, uhlukanisa itlasi ngeenqhema ezihlanu, isiqhema ngasinye kufanele sibale leyo naleyo nomboro yesihlanu. • Bawa abafundi benze iphetheni ephathekako njengokuthintana ngeenhloko ekubaleni kokuthoma, baphambanise imikhono bathinte amahlombe wabo ekubaleni kwesibili, babethe iinyonga lokha barhuwelela enye nenye inomboro yesithathu. • Isikhathi sokubetha nofana sokuwahlela umbhino kungasetjenziswa ngokuhlanganyela nokubala ngokweqa. Ukubala izinto kungathuthukisa ikghono lokubala ngokukhuluma. Ngetlasini, imisetjenzana yokubala esikhathini esinengi ithuthukisa amakghono ahlukahlukeneko Ukubala ngokweqa kuvezwa ngcono ngokwenza lokha nawubuthelela izinto. Imisebenzi eya phambili Igridi yeenomboro Bawa abafundi batjengise iinomboro abazibonako lokha nababala ngaku-2, 5, 10. 129 Buza bona khuyini abakubonako ngeenomboro lezo. Hlukanisa iinomboro lezo abafundi abathoma ngazo. ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO BESIKHATHI AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA : IMINQOPHO YETHEMU 130 YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) 1.2 Ukubala uye phambili Ukubala uye phambili Ukuya emathekstini atlolwako Ukubala uye nemuva nga: nemuva nga: • Amanambalayini – Abafundi bangatjengisa ukubala ngokweqa kwabo basebenzisa phambili • Kunye ukusuka kwenye • Kunye ukusuka kwenye inambalayini. nemuva nenye inomboro hlangana nenye inomboro hlangana • Ukulandelana kweenomboro – Ukuya ekugcineni kweThemu abafundi ne-0 ne-100 ne-0 na-50 bangakghona ukuqedelela ukulandelana kweenomboro okulula (qala amanothi Ukubala uye phambili nga: Ukubala uye phambili nga: wamaphetheni weenomboro) • Li-10 ukusuka kesinye • Li-10 ukusuka kesinye Iimbonelo: nesinye isibuyabuyelelo nesinye isibuyabuyelelo 2, 4, 6, 8, – se-10 hlangana ne-0 ne- se-10 hlangana ne-0 na- 100 50 5, 10, 15, 20, – • Ku-5 ukusuka kesinye • Ku-5 ukusuka kesinye 10, 20, 30, 40, – nesinye isibuyabuyelelo nesinye isibuyabuyelelo saka ku-5 hlangana ne-0 saka ku-5 hlangana ne-0 ne-100 na-50 • Ku-2 ukusuka kesinye • Ku-2 ukusuka kesinye nesinye isibuyabuyelelo nesinye isibuyabuyelelo ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 saka ku-2 hlangana ne-0 saka ku-2 hlangana ne-0 ne-100 na-20 1.3 Ukulemuka, ukubona Ukulemuka, ukubona Ngikuphi okuhlukileko kuneThemu yoku-1? Amat- nokufunda amatshwayo nokufunda amatshwayo Ethemini le-2, irhelo leenomboro lokwazi, ukufunda nokutlola amatshwayo shwayo weenomboro weenomboro wenomboro begodu nokungezelela amagama. Ukubala enambalayini begodu namabizo • Khumbula, ufanise begodu • Khumbula, ufanise begodu namagridi weenomboro kunikela abafundi ijayelo ekufaniseni, ekukhumbuleni, weenom- ufunde amatshwayo ufunde amatshwayo ekutjhweni nasekufundeni amatshwayo weenomboro. boro wenomboro ukusuka ku-1 wenomboro ukusuka ku-1 Nikela abafundi ngokuzijayeza okuya phambili ngokunqopha itjhejo lamatshwayo ukufika ku-100. ukufika ku-50. weenomboro ebhodulukweni nangomtlolo ogadangiswako. • Tlola amatshwayo • Tlola amatshwayo Isibonelo: wenomboro ukusuka ku-1 wenomboro ukusuka ku-1 • Ukuqala eenomborweni zamakhasi begodu, neencwadini ukufika ku-20 ukufika e-10 • Ukukhomba amalanga wamabeletho ekhalendeni • Khumbula, ufanise • Khumbula, ufanise begodu ufunde amagama begodu ufunde amagama Imisebenzi eya phambili weenomboro ukusuka weenomboro ukusuka • Utitjhere unikela imiyalelo ukufumana inomboro, begodu abafundi basebenzisa ku-1 ukufika ku-10. ku-1 ukufika ku-10. amakarada wefladi aneenomboro ukukhomba iimpendulo • Tlola amagama • Tlola amagama -- Thola inomboro eza nje ngaphambi kwe-12 ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) weenomboro ukusuka weenomboro ukusuka -- Thola inomboro emuva nje kwe-12 ku-1 ukufika ku-10. ku-1 kufika ku-10. -- Inomboro edlula i-11 ngaku-3 -- Inomboro engaphasi kwe-14 nga-1
UBUDE IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO BESIKHATHI AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA : IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu KONYAKA YOKU-1 CAPS namaminithi ama -24) 1.4 Hlathulula, umadanise, Hlathulula, umadanise, Ngikuphi okuhlukileko kuneThemini yoku-1? Ukuhlathu- uhlele izinto kufika ku-20 uhlele izinto ukufika e-10 Ethemini ye-2, abafundi baragela phambili uku: lula, uku- • Ukuhlathulula • Ukuhlathulula • hlela nokumadanisa izinto; madanisa nokumadanisa izinto nokumadanisa izinto • hlela nokumadanisa iinomboro; begodu nokuhlela ezibuthelelweko ngokuya ezibuthelelweko ukuya • sebenzisa ilimi lokuhlela nokumadanisa. iinomboro ngobunengi, ngambalwa, ngobunengi, ngambalwa, okunengi khulu, okuncani okunengi khulu, okuncani NgeThemu le abafundi baragela phambili ngokuhlela nokumadanisa izinto. khulu, okunengi kuno, khulu, okunengi kuno, NgeThemu le abafundi bangathoma ukwakha ubudlelwano hlangana kweenomboro okuncani kuna, kufana na, okuncani kuna, kufana na, ngokunqophisa kweyodwa begodu nakwezimbili ezingezelelweko, kweyodwa okulinganako ngobunengi okulinganako ngobunengi begodu nakwezimbili ezingaphasi. obulingana na, okuhlukileko. obulingana na, okuhlukileko. • Lokha nabamadanisa amasede kufanele bakghone ukuhlathulula lokhu ngokutjho bonyana, “ Nginezinto zokubala ezinengi ngambili kunezakhe” nofana “ Unezidlula • Ukuhlathulula nokuhlela • Ukuhlathulula nokuhlela zami ngayinye” izinto ezibuthelelwako izinto ezibuthelelweko • Lokha nawumadanisa iinomboro kufanele bakwazi ukutjho bonyana “okunengi ukusuka kwenengi ukuya ukusuka kubunengi ukuya ngakunye kokune kuhlanu” kencani begodu nokusuka okulingeneko kunye kencani uye kokunengi. nokusuka kokulingene uye Ukwakha ilemuko lomqondo “wokudlula ngakunye kuna” Hlathulula, ukumadanisa kokunengi. Umqondo wokunengi kuna nokuncani kuna kukuthoma kokuhlanganisa nokukhupha begodu uhlele iinomboro Hlathulula, uqathanise, uhlele okungakahleleki. Ivumela abafundi bonyana bazwisise ubukhulu benomboro begodu kufika ku-20 neenomboro kufika e-10 nehlelo leenomboro. • Hlathulula, uqathanise • Hlathulula, uqathanise • Layela abafundi bonyana babeke into yokubala yi-1 ngesikhaleni sokuthoma iinmboro ezipheleleko iinmboro ezipheleleko esingenalitho sekarada labo lefreyimu engaku -5”. Tjela abafundi bona babeke ngokuya ngobuncani- ngokuya ngobuncani- enye godu into yokubala eqadi kweyokuthoma. kuna, ngobukhulu – kuna, ngobukhulu –   kuna nobunengi-kuna kuna nobunengi-kuna nangokulingana nangokulingana Buza: • Hlathulula bewuhlele • Hlathulula bewuhlele Unazingaki njenganje? neenomboro ukusuka neenomboro kusuka Kunengi kangangani okukodwa ngakunye? ngencani-khulu ukufika ngencani-khulu ukufika kekulukulu nokusuka kekulukulu nokusuka • Layela abafundi bonyana babeke yi-1 godu into yokubala ekaradeni yabo kekulukulu ukufika kencani kekulukulu kufika yefreyimu engaku-5 khulu kencanikhulu   --phambili, emuva, phakathi/ --Ngaphambili, ngemuva, ngaphakathi/hlangana Buza: --hlangana --Usebenzisa inambalayini Unazingaki njenganje? --Usebenzisa inambalayini kusuka e-0 ukufika e-20 kusuka e-0 ukufika e-10 Kunengi kangangani okukodwa ngakubili? • Hlathulula umadanise • Hlathulula umadanise • Layela abafundi bonyana babeke yi-1 godu into yokubala ekaradeni yabo 131 usebenzisa ilimi isib. usebenzisa ilimi isib. yefreyimu engaku-5 Ngaphambili, ngemuva, Ngaphambili, ngemuva,   ngaphakathi/hlangana ngaphakathi/hlangana ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO BESIKHATHI AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA : IMINQOPHO YETHEMU 132 YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) 1.4 Hlathulula, umadanise, Hlathulula, umadanise, Buza: Ukuhlathu- uhlele izinto kufika ku-20 uhlele izinto ukufika e-10 Unazingaki njenganje? lula, uku- • Ukuhlathulula • Ukuhlathulula Kunengi kangangani okukodwa madanisa nokumadanisa izinto nokumadanisa izinto Ngakuthathu? nokuhlela ezibuthelelweko ngokuya ezibuthelelweko ukuya Zingaki izinto zokubala ozidingako ukwenza isihlanu? iinomboro ngobunengi, ngambalwa, ngobunengi, ngambalwa, okunengi khulu, okuncani okunengi khulu, okuncani Buza bonyana “ungangitjelani ngenomboro ye-4?(kuncani koku-5 nga-1) khulu, okunengi kuno, khulu, okunengi kuno, Ungangitjelani ngenomboro ye-2? (kuncani koku-5 ngaku-3) okuncani kuna, kufana na, okuncani kuna, kufana na, Ukuhlela iinomboro okulinganako ngobunengi okulinganako ngobunengi Abafundi kufanele bahlele iinomboro basebenzisa imihlobohlobo yemifanekiso. obulingana na, okuhlukileko. obulingana na, okuhlukileko. • Ukubeka imifanekiso ngeenqhema • Ukuhlathulula nokuhlela • Ukuhlathulula nokuhlela Abafundi bamadanisa isiqhema sezinto ezi-9 esiqhemeni sezinto ezi-2 izinto ezibuthelelwako izinto ezibuthelelweko • Imifanekiso yemida ukusuka kwenengi ukuya ukusuka kubunengi ukuya kencani begodu nokusuka okulingeneko kunye Lokha abafundi nabahlela iinomboro bangasebenzisa ibanga elihlangana kencani uye kokunengi. nokusuka kokulingene uye neenomboro ukwazi bonyana ngiyiphi inomboro ekulu. Isibonelo, bazakutjho bona Hlathulula, ukumadanisa kokunengi. i-9 likhulu kune-2 ngombana i-9 liza ngemuva kwe-2. begodu uhlele iinomboro Hlathulula, uqathanise, uhlele Ukuhlelwa kweenomboro kungenziwa kanengi ngesikhathi sokuzijamela. ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 kufika ku-20 neenomboro kufika e-10 Imisebenzi eya phambili • Hlathulula, uqathanise • Hlathulula, uqathanise Ukuhlela iinomboro iinmboro ezipheleleko iinmboro ezipheleleko Abafundi bahlela amakarada weenomboro ukusukela kwe-1 ukuya kwezi-13 ngokuya ngobuncani- ngokuya ngobuncani- ukusuka kwencani khulu ukuya kwekulu khulu. kuna, ngobukhulu – kuna, ngobukhulu – Abafundi bajikisa amakarada weenomboro zabo bawaqalisa phasi. Bakhetha kuna nobunengi-kuna kuna nobunengi-kuna nanyana ngimaphi amakarada a-4, bawahlela ngobuncani khulu ukuya ngobukhulu nangokulingana nangokulingana khulu babawe umkhozi bona ahlole bonyana ulungile. Nabakghona ukwazi • Hlathulula bewuhlele • Hlathulula bewuhlele amakarada a-4 ngokupheleleko banga khetha ikarada lesihlanu. Bawabeka ngehlelo neenomboro ukusuka neenomboro kusuka elilungileko begodu bakope iinomboro ukusukela kwencani khulu ukuya kwekulu ngencani-khulu ukufika ngencani-khulu ukufika khulu. kekulukulu nokusuka kekulukulu nokusuka Amathaski atloliweko kekulukulu ukufika kencani kekulukulu kufika Abafundi kufanele bahlanganise ukuzwisisa kwabo ngokuqedelela amathaski khulu kencanikhulu atloliweko --phambili, emuva, phakathi/ --Ngaphambili, ngemuva, Iimbonelo --hlangana ngaphakathi/hlangana Ngokuphela kweThemu bafele bakwazi ukuqedelela umhlobo ofanako wemitjho. --Usebenzisa inambalayini --Usebenzisa inambalayini Okudlula oku-3 nga-1 ku__________ kusuka e-0 ukufika e-20 kusuka e-0 ukufika e-10 Okudlula oku-4 nga-1 ku ___________ ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) • Hlathulula umadanise • Hlathulula umadanise Okuncani nga-1 koku-2 ku ______ usebenzisa ilimi isib. usebenzisa ilimi isib. Udlula oku-4 nga-1________ Ngaphambili, ngemuva, Ngaphambili, ngemuva, ngaphakathi/hlangana ______ kuncani koku-3 nga-1 ngaphakathi/hlangana
UBUDE IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO BESIKHATHI AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA : IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu KONYAKA YOKU-1 CAPS namaminithi ama -24) 1.6 Sebenzisa amathekhiniki Sebenzisa amathekhiniki Ngikuphi okuhlukileko kuneThemu yoku-1? Amathek- alandelako nawurarulula alandelako nawurarulula NgeThemu le abafundi baziswa ngokubuyelela kabili nangokuhafula phakathi. Qala hiniki wok- imiraro begodu uhlathulule imiraro uhlathulule amanothi ngaphasi kwesigaba sokubala. urarulula neensombululo zemiraro: neensombululo: Ekupheleni kweThemu le abafundi bathoma ukurarulula imiraro yamagama imiraro • Ama-apharethasi • Ama-apharethasi basebenzisa amathekniki alandelako: aphathekako njengezinto aphathekako njengezinto • Imigwalo nama-apharathasi aphathekako zokubala zokubala • Ukwakha nokuphula iinomboro • Iinthombe zokugwala • Iinthombe zokugwala • Ukubuyelela nokuhafula phakathi indatjhana zeembalo iimbalo zendatjhana • Amanambalayini • Ukwakha nokuphula • Ukwakha nokuphula Imigwalo nofana ama-apharathasi aphathekako iinomboro iinomboro Abafundi baragela phambili ukugwala iinthombe begodu basebenzisa ama- • Ukubuyelela nokuhafula • Ukubuyelela nokuhafula apharathasi aphathekako ukurarulula imiraro. Kuqakathekile bonyana iinthombe phakathi phakathi nofana imigwalo zineenomboro begodu nemitjho yeenomboro. • Amanambalayini • Amanambalayini esekelwe Ukwakha nokuphula ngeesetjenziswa Le ngenye yamathekhiniki aqakathekileko Esigabeni Esisisekelo. Ukusebenzisa eziphathekako isib. ikhekhiniki le izovumela abafundi bonyana bahlukane (ukuphula) babuye Ukubala imincamo. bahlanganise iinomboro ukwenza ukubala kube lula. Isibonelo 6 + 4 ➝ 5 + 1 + 4➝ 5 + 5 ➝ 10 Ithekhiniki le iyasetjenziswa godu njalonjalo esigabeni esiphakathi. Ukubuyabuyelelela kabili nokuhafula phakathi Ithekhiniki le inelwazi lwamambala begodu ifuna umqondo nomboro onamandla. Abafundi abakghona ukukhetha lokhu njengethekhiniki bamajadu kwamambala emaqhingeni wokuphumelelisa abawasebenzisako. NgeThemu le abafundi bathoma Ukubuyelela kabili iinomboro ngombana babala ukufika e-10. Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa Ukubuyelela kabili nokuhafula phakathi njengeqhinga lokuphumelelisa ukubala umqondo kufanele ufundiswe. EGreyidini ye-2 abafundi banikelelwa ngomutjho wenomboro begodu babuzwa: “singasebenzisa bunjani Ukubuyelela kabili okuseduze ukukhupha ipendulo ya 5 + 6=£?” Abafundi bayalemuka bonyana uku-5 nesi-6 kutjhidelene. Iisetjenziswa eziphathekako ziyasetjenziswa ukubonisa bonyana: “Ngizokubuyelela uku-5 okuziinqhema ezimbili zakuhlanu. Ngihlanganise ukuhlanu kabili ngithole i-10 begodu nginayi-1 eseleko okufanele ngiyihlanganise. Ipendulo yi-11. Basebenzisa ilimi labo nofana imigwalo, abafundi bangasebenzisa iqhinga. Egreyidi ye-3 abafundi bazokghona ukusebenzisa amaqhinga nakabala ngeenomboro ezinamadijithi 133 amathathu. NgeThemu le abafundi bazosebenzisa Ukubuyelela kabili nokuhafula phakathi ngalendlela: ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO BESIKHATHI AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA : IMINQOPHO YETHEMU 134 YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) 1.6 Sebenzisa amathekhiniki Sebenzisa amathekhiniki Ukubuyabuyelela kabili: Amathek- alandelako nawurarulula alandelako nawurarulula • Imilelenjana emibili enamavili amathathu, inamavili amangaki? hiniki wok- imiraro begodu uhlathulule imiraro uhlathulule • UBatjeleni noNowa banamamabula a-4 ngamunye. Mamabula amangaki abanawo urarulula neensombululo zemiraro: neensombululo: selawoke? imiraro • Ama-apharethasi • Ama-apharethasi Abafundi bangagwala iinthombe basebenzise ama-apharathasi aphathekako aphathekako njengezinto aphathekako njengezinto ukubonisa bonyana inomboro ibuyabuyelelwe kabili. zokubala zokubala Ukuhafula phakathi: • Ethemini ye-2 abafundi bazijayeza ukuhafula phakathi bonyana bakghone • Iinthombe zokugwala • Iinthombe zokugwala ukuyisebenzisa njengeqhinga ngeThemu ye-3. indatjhana zeembalo iimbalo zendatjhana • Ukubuyelela kabili nokuhafula phakathi kufanele kujayezwe ebujameni • Ukwakha nokuphula • Ukwakha nokuphula obutjhaphulukileko. iinomboro iinomboro Amanambalayini • Ukubuyelela nokuhafula • Ukubuyelela nokuhafula Ukusebenzisa amanambalayini ukusiza ukubala kuzovumela abafundi uku: phakathi phakathi • Rekhoda ukucabanga kwabo; • Amanambalayini • Amanambalayini esekelwe • Landela umkhondo wemicabango yabo; begodu ngeesetjenziswa • Babe nesithombe sokurekhoda abangasisebenzisa ukuhlathulula bonyana eziphathekako isib. bawurarulule bunjani umraro. Abafundi bebasebenzisa Amanambalayini ukusuka ethemini yoku-1. Njengobana ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 Ukubala imincamo. abafundi baragela phambili ebangeni elisisiSekelo kufanele bagqugquzelwe ukusebenzisa amanambalayini ngendlela enelwazi elidluleleko. Ethemini yoku-1, abafundi babale baya phambili ngakunye. Lokhu kuboniswa enambalayinini ngokweqa ngakunye. Isibonelo soku-1: Kunabesana aba-5 nabentazana aba-4 abenza iimfundo ezingezelelweko zobukghwari esikoleni. Bangaki abafundi abasetlasini yobukghwari? Ethemini ye-2 abafundi bangaragela phambili ngokubala baya phambili ngakunye, kodwana bangakhuthazwa ukusebenzisa inambalayini ukubonisa ukubala uye phambili ngeenqhema. Isibonelo sesi-2 Abafundi bangahlukanisa uku-4 ngeenqhema ezi-2. Inambalayini izobonisa imeqo ngaku-2 ukusuka ku-5. ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
UBUDE IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO BESIKHATHI AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA : IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu KONYAKA YOKU-1 CAPS namaminithi ama -24) 1.7 Rarulula imiraro Rarulula imiraro Ngikuphi okuhlukileko kuneThemu yoku-1? Ukuh- yamagama ezisebujameni yamagama ezisebujameni NgeThemu le abafundi bazijayeza ukwenza imiraro yamagama begodu basebenzela langanisa bewuhlathulule iinsombululo bewuhlathulule iinsombululo ukuzithemba nabasebenzisa amanye amaqhinga nabararulula imiraro. Umnqopho nokukhupha zakho zemiraro ezifaka zakho zemiraro ezifaka ngeThemu le kufanele ube sekurekhodeni. Abafundi kufanele batlole phasi ukuhlanganisa nokukhupha ukuhlanganisa nokukhupha imitjho yeenomboro njengerekhodi elitloliweko lemiraro ukuya kwemi-5. Abafundi nempendulo ukufika e-20. nempendulo ukufika e-10. bazokuragela phambili ngokusebenzisa iisetjenziswa eziphathekako nokugwala ukujamela iimbalo zabo ukusukela koku-5 ukuya e-10. Qala amanothi weThemu yoku-1 wemihlobo yemiraro engenziwa ngeThemu le. 135 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO BESIKHATHI AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA : IMINQOPHO YETHEMU 136 YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) 1.8 Rarulula imiraro Rarulula imiraro Ngezelela irherho lenomboro lifike e-10 ngeThemu le livumela bonyana abafundi Ukuhlanga- yamagama ezisebujameni yamagama ezisebujameni bathome ngokuhlanganisa okubuyelelweko. Ukubala ufike e-10 kuvumela nisa bewuhlathulule iinsombululo bewuhlathulule iinsombululo ukurekhoda. ngokubu- zakho zemiraro, zakho zemiraro, Isibonelo: yelela ezifaka ukuhlanganisa ezifaka ukuhlanganisa • 1+1+1 okurholela okubuyelelweko okurholela okubuyelelweko okurholela ekubuya- ekubuyabuyeleleni ekubuyabuyeleleni • 2+2+2+2 buyeleleni nempendulo ukufika e-20 nempendulo ukufika e-10 • 3+3+3 IThemu yoku-1 yakha umqondo begodu nokuzwisisa ukuhlanganisa begodu abafundi kufanele bakghone ukuhlanganisa iinqhema ezilinganako. NgeThemu le abafundi bazosebenza ngemiraro yamagama evumela umfanekios wokuhlanganisa okubuyelelweko. Ukuhlanganisa okubuyelelwako kuvamise ukuthulwa ebafundini njengeenqhema zeenomboro ezilinganako. Ekuthomeni abafundi bangathulwa eenqhemeni ezilinganako zangamalanga. Imiraro ebandakanya ukuhlanganisa okubuyelelweko • Iinqhema zanga -2: izandla, iinyawo, amakowusu, amadlhavu, amanyathelo, ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 amehlo, iindlebe, amavilo womlelenjana • Iinqhema zanga -3: amavilo womlelenjane amathathu, umphetho waboncantathu • Iinqhema zanga -4: amavilo wekoloyi, imilenze yeentulo • Iinqhema zanga - : imino, iinzwani Ilimi lokuhlanganisa okubuyelelweko liqakathekile. Abafundi kufabele banikelwe amathuba wokuhlathulula ngomlomo lokhu abakubonako. Ukurekhoda imifanekiso yokuhlanganisa okubuyelelweko • Ukusebenzisa ama-apharethasi aphathekako. • Abafundi bazokubonisa iimbalo zabo basebenzisa ama-apharethasi abuthelelweko. • Ngeethombe kwaphela. • Abafundi bazokugwala iinthombe ukubonisa bona bazibuthelele bunjani ukwenzela ukuzihlanganisa. • Ukurekhoda iinthombe neenomboro. • Iinthombe zizobonisa imigwalo esekelwa ziinomboro. • Ukuya ematheksthini atlolwako. ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
UBUDE IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO BESIKHATHI AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA : IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu KONYAKA YOKU-1 CAPS namaminithi ama -24) 1.11 • Ukukhumbula nokufanisa • Ukukhumbula nokufanisa Ukufundisa abafundi ngemali, uhlathulula imiqondo elandelako: Imali imali yeSewula Afrika imali yeSewula Afrika • iyini imali -- iinhlamvu 5c, 10c, 20c, iinhlamvu 5c, 10c, 20c, • kungani imali iqakathekille 50c, 50c, R1, • indlela imali esetjenziswaa ngayo ngamalanga -- imali yamaphepha R10, • Ukurarulula imiraro yemali efaka hlangana • indlela abafundi ababala ngayo imali ne-R20, inani netjhentjhi kufikela Abafundi bafunda ngemali ngaphambi kobana beze esikoleni. Abanye abafundi • Ukurarulula imiraro yemali emarandeni ali-R10 bangaba nomqondo wokubaluleka kwemali begodu bakghone ukubona nokutjho efaka hlangana inani ukufikela emasendeni iinhlamvu nemali yamaphepha. netjhentjhi ngamasende ama-20c NgeThemu le abafundi bafanele bafunde imiqondo esisekelo yokusebenzisa imali kufikela emasendeni ama 50c namaranda ama- R20 ngaphakathi kobujamo obenzekako njengokwenza umdlalo wesitolo. • Letha iinhlamvu zeSewula Afrika begodu na-R20 ne-R10 esikoleni. Abafundi bathinta imiphetho yeenhlamvu begodu bacocisane bonyana ihluka bunjani. Bacocisana ngamatshwayo aseenhlamvini nasemalini yamaphepha. • Abafundi babeka iinhlamvu ngaphasi kwesiquntu sephepha begodu basebenzise isitlabagelo esithambileko sokutlola ukuhlikihla phezu kwazo isib. Amapensela wemibala nofana amaphastelsi. Basika amakhophi, bawanamathisele encwadini zabo begodu batjho iinhlamvu. • Bagandangisa begodu basike imifanekiso eminengi yeenhlamvu zama -5c, 10c nama 20c. Banamathelisa iinhlamvu zoke ezingenza ama -20c ne-10c isib. 20c = 10c ne-5c ne-5c • 20c = 5c ne-5c ne-5c ne-5c • Isamba ukufika ema-20c – iinhlamvu zodwa -- Abafundi sele bakwazi ukubala ngaku -5 nangama-10c begodu basebenzisa ilwazi ukuthola isamba. -- Utitjhere unikela umfundi ngamunye iphepha lamakhophi leenhlamvu zemali e-5c, 10c nama- 20c. o Ubatjela bona ngiziphi iinhlavu abafanele bazikhuphe, isib. Iinhlamvu zemali ezintathu zama-5c. o Babala ngaku-5 nofana 10c benze ukuhlanganisa okubuyelelwako, 5c+5c+5c. -- Utitjhere ubawa abafundi bonyana bakhuphe ama-20c basebenzisa iinhlamvu zemali ezihlukahlukeneko. Kufanele babone bonyana ngamunye ukhupha iinhlavu zemali ezima-5c amabili nehlamvu yinye yama-10c. 137 -- Abafundi bazalisa amaphepha wokusebenzela lapho babonisa khona bonyana ngiziphi iinhlavu zemali ezenza isamba samasende ama-20c Isibonelo: 20c = 10c + 10c nofana 5c+ 5c + 5c + 5c= 20c nofana 5c+5c + 10c =20c ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO BESIKHATHI AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA : IMINQOPHO YETHEMU 138 YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) 1.11 • Ukukhumbula nokufanisa • Ukukhumbula nokufanisa • Nikela itjhentjhi usebenzise iinhlamvu zodwa Imali imali yeSewula Afrika imali yeSewula Afrika -- Utitjhere wenza ukukhupha kweenhlamvu nabafundi isib. Bakhupha iinhlavu -- iinhlamvu 5c, 10c, 20c, iinhlamvu 5c, 10c, 20c, zemali ezima-5c ukwenza ama-20c. 50c, 50c, R1, -- Utitjhere uyabuza: “Nawubhadela umamukelimali ama-15c, yimalini eseleko? -- imali yamaphepha R10, • Ukurarulula imiraro Abafundi ababa nobudisi bokusebenzisa iinhlavu zemali kuphela basebenzisa ne-R20, yemali efaka hlangana izinto zokubala ukubasekela. inani netjhentjhi kufikela • Ukurarulula imiraro yemali -- Abafundi bazalisa amaphepha wokusebenzela lapho basebenzela khona emarandeni ali-R10 efaka hlangana inani itjhentjhi yezinto abazithenge ngama-20c nofana ngaphasi ukufikela emasendeni netjhentjhi ngamasende Isibonelo: ama-20c kufikela emasendeni ama -- 10c - 5c = 5c 50c namaranda ama- R20 -- 20c - 10c =10c - amatjhumi apheleleko -- 20 -5c – 5c - 5c = 5c -ukukhupha okubuyelelweko UKUBALA OBUSEBUJAMENI OBUTJHAPHULUKILEKO 1.12 Ukusebenzisa amathekhiniki Ukusebenzisa amathekhiniki Ngikuphi okuhlukileko kuneThemu yoku-1? alandelako nakubalisiswako: alandelako nakubalisiswako: ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 Amathekh- EThemini ye-2, abafundi bathoma ukubala ukufika e-10. Ukusebenza ngaphakathi iniki • Ama-apharethasi • Ama-apharethasi kwerherho lenomboro kutjho bonyana ithekhiniki yokubala ingathuthukiswa begodu (iindlela aphathekako isib. Izinto aphathekako isib. Izinto ijayezwe. nofana zokubala zokubala Amaqhinga la ayajayezwa nasesigabeni somraro wenomboro. amaqhinga) • gwala iinthombe • ukwakha nokuphula Ukwakha nokuphula iinomboro • ukwakha nokuphula iinomboro Imisetjenzana yokwakha nokuphula ithuthukisela phambili ilemuko labafundi iinomboro • ukubuyelela kabili lobukhulu obuhlobeneko beenomboro. Imisetjenzana le ibeka isisekelo sama- • ukubuyabuyelela kabili nokuhafula opharetjhini. Ukuhlukanisa (ukuhlukanisa) nokubuya uhlanganise iinomboro nokuhafula • Amanambalayini kungasiza ukwenza iimbalo zibe lula. Ukujayeza njalo emsebenzini onje kukhuthaza • amanambalayini asekelwe ngama- abafundi bona bayisebenzise njengeqhinga leembalo. apharethasi aphathekako Ukubuyebuyelela nokuhafula isib. Ukubala imincamo. Ngaphambi kokubana usebenzise Ukubuyelela nokuhafula phakathi njengeqhinga lokubala lifuneka bona lithonywe ngokuzwisiseka begodu lijayezwe. • Ukusebenzisa ama-apharethasi aphathekako. Lokhu kungenziwa ngelayelo elinqophileko.Tjela begodu bonisa abafundi bonyana kuneengojwana ezihlanu zokubala begodu uzokghona ukubuyabuyelela inani lelo ngokundlala ezinye godu iingojwana zokubala ezihlanu. ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) • Ukuya emathekstini atlolwako usebenzisa iinthombe. • Abafundi banganikelwa imifanekiso yokubuyabuyelela kabili begodu bangakghona ukujamela iinthombe ngeenthombeni
UBUDE IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO BESIKHATHI AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA : IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu KONYAKA YOKU-1 CAPS namaminithi ama -24) 1.12 Ukusebenzisa amathekhiniki Ukusebenzisa amathekhiniki • Ukusebenzisa iinomboro Amathekh- alandelako nakubalisiswako: alandelako nakubalisiswako: Abafundi bangathoma ngokuzalisa imitjho enjenge: iniki • Ama-apharethasi • Ama-apharethasi Uku -1 okubuyabuyelelwe kabili ngu......................... (iindlela aphathekako isib. Izinto aphathekako isib. Izinto Uku -2 okubuyabuyelelwe kabili ngu........................ nofana zokubala zokubala Uku -3 okubuyabuyelelwe kabili ngu......................... amaqhinga) • gwala iinthombe • ukwakha nokuphula iinomboro Uku -4 okubuyabuyelelwe kabili ngu.......................... • ukwakha nokuphula iinomboro • ukubuyelela kabili Amanambalayini asekelwe ma-apharethasi aphathekako. • ukubuyabuyelela kabili nokuhafula Lokha nawusebenzisa amanambalayini njengethekhiniki ukuze ubale, abafundi nokuhafula • Amanambalayini bafuneka bathome ngokusebenzisa. • amanambalayini asekelwe ngama- • Amanye ama-apharethasi womuda isib. Ukubala imincamo, ukulandela imikhondo apharethasi aphathekako yeenomboro; isib. Ukubala imincamo. • Inambalayini ukubala uye phambili begodu nemuva; begodu • Inambalayini ukuze abeke ebujameni nokuhlela iinomboro. Inambalayini ehlelekileko ifanele isetjenziswe (begodu ifanele khulu) lokha abafundi nabenza ukuhlanganisa nokukhupha. Inambalayini ehlelekileko ifanele ibonise zoke iinomboro ezikiyo. 139 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO BESIKHATHI AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA : IMINQOPHO YETHEMU 140 YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) 1.13 Irherho leenomboro: 1 -20 Irherho leenomboro: 1 -10 Ngikuphi okuhlukileko kuneThemu yoku-1? Ukuh- • Hlanganisa ukufika ema- • Hlanganisa ukufika e-10 Ethemini le-2, irherho leenomboro ingezeleleke ukusuka ku-5 ukuya e-10. langanisa 20 • Khupha e-10 NgeThemu le abafundi bazokuthoma ukuzwisisa: nokukhupha • Khupha ukusuka ema-20 • Ihlelo elihlanakelekako lokuhlanganisa; begodu • Sebenzisa amatshwayo • Sebenzisa amatshwayo afaneleko (+, –, =, ) • Ubudlelwano phakathi kokuhlanganisa nokukhupha afaneleko (+, –, =, ) • Ukujayela ukulumbana Ngaphambi kokobana abafundi bathulelwe amatshwayo wokuhlanganisa begodu • Ukujayela ukulumbana kweenomboro ukuya ku-7 nokukhupha, abafundi kufanele babe nelemuko elaneleko loku: kweenomboro ukuya e-10 • bala koke; • bala uye phambili ukusuka enomborweni ekulu; • sebenzisa nokuzwisisa ilimi lokuhlanganisa nokukhupha; begodu • hlela nokumadanisa iinomboro. Ethemini le, abafundi baragela phambili ukwakha ukuzwisisa kwabo kokuhlanganisa nokukhupha. Ukuhlangisa nokukhupha kusesenoBudlelwana obukhulu ekubaleni. Umqondo wokunengi nga -1 nofana okuncani ngaku-2 kusetjenziswa ngombana ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 kukhambelana nenomboro elandelako ekubaleni okulandelanako. NgeThemu le abafundi bazosebenzisa amatshwayo ukutlola ukulandelana kweenomborongokubuyelela nangokuzithemba. Iragelo phambili ekusebenziseni amatshwayo kufanele kusetjenzwe ngakho ngokuyelela. Kuqakathekile bonyana abafundi bazwisise amahlathululo ahlukeneko akhambisana namatshwayo. Abafundi kufanele bakghone ukuzwisisa nokusebenzisa amagama njengokuhlanganisa, koke, koke kwenza, khupha, umehluko hlangana nokukhupha ngaphambi kokwethula amatshwayo. Abafundi kufanele bathome ngokwazi ukuphendula imibuzo enjenga-3 naku-2; khupha oku-3 e-5, ngaphambi kokusebenzisa itshwayo. ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
UBUDE IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO BESIKHATHI AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA : IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu KONYAKA YOKU-1 CAPS namaminithi ama -24) 1.13 Irherho leenomboro: 1 -20 Irherho leenomboro: 1 -10 Ukurekhoda imifanekiso Ukuh- • Hlanganisa ukufika ema- • Hlanganisa ukufika e-10 Ukubala ufike e-10 kutjho bonyana abafundi basazokurekhoda iimbalo zabo langanisa 20 • Khupha e-10 basebenzisa: nokukhupha • Khupha ukusuka ema-20 • imigwalo nofana iinsetjenziswa eziphathekako; • Sebenzisa amatshwayo • Sebenzisa amatshwayo afaneleko (+, –, =, ) • iinthombe neenomboro; nofana afaneleko (+, –, =, ) • Ukujayela ukulumbana • Iinomboro zodwa. • Ukujayela ukulumbana kweenomboro ukuya ku-7 Ukuya ekupheleni kweThemu, ngaphakathi kwerherho leenomboro yoku-1 ukuya kweenomboro ukuya e-10 ku-5, abafundi kufanele bazithembe nabasebenzisa iinomboro zodwa begodu bangagwali iinthombe ukujamela iimbalo zabo. Amaqhinga wokubala nawenza ukuhlanganisa nokukhupha Ukuhlanganisa ngokubala koke Abafundi bazokuthoma ku-1 bafike ku-5 begodu baragele phambili ngokubala ukufika ku-7 Ukuhlanganisa ngokubala uye phambili 5 Abafundi bazokubala baya phambili ukusuka ku-5 ukuya ku-7 Ithekhiniki le inekghono khulu kunokubala uye phambili ngakunye. Abafundi bazosebenzisa ithekhiniki le kanengi khulu lokha irherho leenomboro lingezeleleka. 6 Bala uye phambili usuka enomborweni ekulu. Abafundi babala baya phambili ukusuka enomborweni ekulu, esi-6, begodu babale baye phambili ukufika-8. Ukukhupha ngokukhupha 7–3=   7- 3 = 4 Lokha nabarekhoda ukukhupha abafundi bangakhansela imifanekiso ukutjengisa 141 ukukhupha. ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO BESIKHATHI AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA : IMINQOPHO YETHEMU 142 YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) 1.13 Irherho leenomboro: 1 -20 Irherho leenomboro: 1 -10 Ukukhupha ngokubala uye phambili Ukuh- • Hlanganisa ukufika ema- • Hlanganisa ukufika e-10 langanisa 20 • Khupha e-10 nokukhupha • Khupha ukusuka ema-20 • Sebenzisa amatshwayo • Sebenzisa amatshwayo afaneleko (+, –, =, ) 6-2= afaneleko (+, –, =, ) • Ukujayela ukulumbana • Ukujayela ukulumbana kweenomboro ukuya ku-7 Abafundi bangabala baye phambili ukusuka e-2 ukuya esi-6. Bafanele bazi bonyana kweenomboro ukuya e-10 babale iinomboro zingaki ukusuka kwe-2 ukuya esi-6. Ukukhupha ngokubalela emuva 8-2=     Abafundi bangathoma enomborweni ekudlwana, ebu-8, begodu babalele babuyele ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 emuva ngamagadango ama-2 ukuya kwasi-6. Ukwakha nokuphula iinomboro Lokhu kungenziwa ngeendlela ezihlukahlukeneko 7=4+3   7=4+3 Ukulumbana kweenomboro NgeThemu le abafundi bazijayeza ukulumbana kweenomboro ukufika ku-7. ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) Lokhu kungakhonjiswa ngeenthombe begodu nemitjho yeenomboro basebenzise imifanekiso ehlukahlukeneko.
UBUDE IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO BESIKHATHI AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA : IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu KONYAKA YOKU-1 CAPS namaminithi ama -24) 1.13 Irherho leenomboro: 1 -20 Irherho leenomboro: 1 -10 Ukuhlanganisa Ukuh- • Hlanganisa ukufika ema- • Hlanganisa ukufika e-10 Iimbonelo: langanisa 20 • Khupha e-10 Ukwenza isi-6 nofana ukuthola abangane aba-6 usebenzisa iinthombe begodu nokukhupha • Khupha ukusuka ema-20 neenomboro • Sebenzisa amatshwayo • Sebenzisa amatshwayo afaneleko (+, –, =, ) afaneleko (+, –, =, ) • Ukujayela ukulumbana • Ukujayela ukulumbana kweenomboro ukuya ku-7 kweenomboro ukuya e-10 Isibonelo soku-1 na kwenza Isibonelo sesi-2 na kwenza Isibonelo sesi-3 na kwenza Ukwenza isi-6 ngokusebenzisa iinthombe neenomboro Faka umbala ukubonisa isi-6 ngeendlela ezihlikeneko   __________ na________ kwenza isi- 6 Ukusebenzisa iinomboro zodwa Madanisa iinomboro ezikhamba ngambili ukwenza isi-6   1 2 3 4 5 5 4 3 143 2 1 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO BESIKHATHI AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA : IMINQOPHO YETHEMU 144 YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) 1.13 Irherho leenomboro: 1 -20 Irherho leenomboro: 1 -10 Okuhlanakelekako Ukuh- • Hlanganisa ukufika ema- • Hlanganisa ukufika e-10 NgeThemu le abafundi bathoma ukukhumbula umukghwa wokuhlanekezela langanisa 20 • Khupha e-10 ukuhlanganisa ngaphandle kokwazi, iThemu. nokukhupha • Khupha ukusuka ema-20 Isibonelo: • Sebenzisa amatshwayo • Sebenzisa amatshwayo afaneleko (+, –, =, ) Bala aboncantathu afaneleko (+, –, =, ) • Ukujayela ukulumbana   • Ukujayela ukulumbana kweenomboro ukuya ku-7 kweenomboro ukuya e-10 6+2=   2+6= Ukutlola okuhlobene nokuhlanganisa nokukhupha iinomboro zemitjho – ukuzwisisa ubudlelwano hlangana kokuhlanganisa nokukhupha NgeThemu le abafundi bafunda kobana bangatlola umutjho weenomboro ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 wokukhupha bawutlolela umutjho wenomboro wokuhlanganisa. Isibonelo   4+2=6 en 6 – 2 = 4 2+4=6 en 6 – 4 = 2 Itshwayo lokulingana Itshwayo lokulingana akukafaneli bona lithulwe msinyazana. Kungasiza ukusebenzisa amatshwayo ngendlela enetjhuguluko elaneleko begodu kunikela abafundi itjhuba esikhundleni setshwayo lokubala. Isibonelo Kukoke kwenza 4 en 2 ➝ 6 ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
UBUDE IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO BESIKHATHI AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA : IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu KONYAKA YOKU-1 CAPS namaminithi ama -24) 1.13 Irherho leenomboro: 1 -20 Irherho leenomboro: 1 -10 Ukusebenzisa inambalayini Ukuh- • Hlanganisa ukufika ema- • Hlanganisa ukufika e-10 Thula ukukhupha ukufikela e-10 enambalayinini. langanisa 20 • Khupha e-10 Utitjhere usebenzisa inambalayini ukukhupha iinomboro ezifika e-10 isib. 5 – 2 = nokukhupha • Khupha ukusuka ema-20 Isibonelo: Umqasana weqela enomborweni yesi-5, bese ubuyela emuva ngokweqa • Sebenzisa amatshwayo • Sebenzisa amatshwayo afaneleko (+, –, =, ) iinomboro ezi- 2 begodu ujama enomborweni yesi-3. afaneleko (+, –, =, ) • Ukujayela ukulumbana Ngakho-ke 5 – 2 = 3 • Ukujayela ukulumbana kweenomboro ukuya ku-7 kweenomboro ukuya e-10 Amathaski atloliweko Abafundi bafanele banikelwe imihlobohlobo yemifanekiso ukusekela ukuzwisisa ukuhlanganisa nokukhupha. • Bala uye phambili • Hlanganisa ngokubala ukusuka enomborweni ekulu; nofana • Khupha ngokufaka isiphambano esivundlako phezu kweenthombe. Umqondo wokubuyelela kabili Irherho leenomboro abafundi abasebenza ngalo libavumela bonyana bathome ukubuyelela kabili. Lokhu kungathulwa ngeendlela ezinengi begodu kungenziwa lokha abafundi nababala izinto. Isibonelo: Abafundi bangenza iinqhema zezinto zokubala zanga - 2, izinto zokubala zanga - 4, izinto zokubala ezi-6 nezinto zokubala ezi -8 nezinto zokubala ezi-10. Imitjho yeenomboro kufanele ikhambisane nemifanekiso.   Uku -1 obuyelelwe kabili Uku -1 obuyelelwe kabili Uku -1 obuyelelwe kabili ngu…………............ ngu…………............ ngu…………............ 145 Uku -1 obuyelelwe kabili Uku -1 obuyelelwe kabili ngu…………............ ngu…………............ ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 146 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) 1.14 • Hlanganisa • Hlanganisa Ngikuphi okuhlukileko kuneThemu yoku-1? Ukuh- ngokubuyelela ngokubuyelela Ethemini ye-2, abafundi bathoma ukwenza ukuhlanganisa okubuyelelweko ukufika e-10. langanisa (o.u.inomboro efanako) (o.k.inomboro efanako) Lokha abafundi nabanomqondo omuhle kwamambala wenomboro yoku-1 ukufika keye- 5, okubuyele- kufika ku-20 kufika e-10 ukuhlanganisa okubuyelelweko kuzokwenza ingqondo kibo. lweko • Sebenzisa • Sebenzisa Ukuhlanganisa okubuyelelweko kufanele kuthulelwe abafundi njengeenqhema zeenomboro kurholela amatshwayo afaneleko amatshwayo afaneleko ezilinganako. ekubuy- (+, =, ) (+, =, ) Ukusebenza ngeenqhema zezinto kuqakathekile ekuzwisiseni ukubuyabuyelela. Abafundi abuyeleleni bafanele bakghone uku : • enza iinqhema zezinto ezilinganako; • hlathulula ihlelo; begodu • bala inani loke lezinto. Ekuthomeni abafundi bazobala ngakunye kodwana lokha nabatjhelelako ekubaleni ngokweqa bafanele babale izinto ezihlelwe ngakubili, ngakuhlanu nofana ngalitjhumi. Abafundi bamele bavezelwe epepeneneni imifanekiso eminengi ehlukahlukeneko ezisekela ukuzwisisa kokuhlanganisa okubuyebuyelelweko. Kungaba lisizo ukwethulela abafundi ngeenthombeni zeenqhema ezilinganako ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 zangamalanga, isibonelo: Iinqhema zanga-2 – izandla, iinyawo, amakowusu, amadlhavu, iinyathelo, iindlebe, amavili wemlelenjani. Iinqhema zanga-3 - amavili wemlelenjani enamavili amathathu, umkhawulo wakancantathu. Isibonelo: Mangaki amavili nasele awoke? Mingaki imino. Zalisa inomboro yemitjho engenzasi. + + = 15 Ukurekhoda imifanekiso yokuhlanganisa okubuyebuyelelweko. ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) Umnqopho la usekuthuthukiseni ilimi ukusekela ukuzwisisa ukubuyabuyelela. Abafundi bazorekhoda ukuzwisisa kwabo ngokusebenzisa iinthombe. Abafundi kufanele banikelwe iinthombe zezinto ezisesiqhemeni begodu bagwale isiyingilizi magega nazo ukubonisa iinqhema zezinto.
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi CAPS ama -24) 1.14 • Hlanganisa • Hlanganisa   Ukuh- ngokubuyelela ngokubuyelela langanisa (o.u.inomboro efanako) (o.k.inomboro efanako) okubuyele- kufika ku-20 kufika e-10 lweko • Sebenzisa • Sebenzisa kurholela amatshwayo afaneleko amatshwayo afaneleko Ilimi elingasetjenziswa ngelithi kuna – 2 okunok kwaku-3nofana iinqhema ezi-2 ekubuy- (+, =, ) (+, =, ) zangaku-3. Lokha abafundi nabanokuzithemba ekuhlathululeni iinjamiseleli zeenthombe abuyeleleni ngokusebenzisa ilimi bangahlathulula imitjho yeenomboro. Umutjho wenomboro: 3 + 3 = 6 1.16 Umqondonomboro: Irherho Lemiqondo Ngikuphi okuhlukileko kuneThemu yoku-1? Iimbalo hlangana na-20 Leenomboro 10 Ethemini ye-2, irherho leenomboro liyakhula ukusuka ku-5 ukufika e-10 zehloko • Hlela isede enikelweko • Hlela isede enikelweko leenomboro Iimbonelo zemibuzo nemisetjenzana engabuzwa begodu nengenziwa: yeenomboro ezikhethiweko Thoma ngo-3 ubale uye phambili ngakunye ukufika e-10 • Madanisa iinomboro ezikhethiweko Ngiyiphi encani ku -8 nofana ku-5? ukufika ema- • Madanisa iinomboro 20 begodu utjho ukufika ema- Ngiyiphi enengi ku-8 nofana ku-4? nokobana ngiyiphi 10 begodu utjho Kuyini okuncani ngaku-2 kune-9? ekulu nofana encani nokobana ngiyiphi Kuyini oknengi ngaku-2 kuna -3? nga-1 begodu nanga-2. ekulu nofana encani Ukukhumbula Nginikela inomboro ehlangana kwa- 1 noku-3 nga-1 begodu nanga-2. msinyazana Nginikela inomboro ehlangana kwe-6 begodu ne-10. Kunenomboro yinye kwaphela? • Ukulumbana kweenomboro ukufika Beka amakarada weenomboro la ukusuka enomborweni encani ukufika kwekulu. e-10. • Khumbula amaphuzu wokuhlanganisa nokuhlukanisa ukufika e-10 Amaqhinga wokubala Ukusebenzisa amaqhinga wokubala ukuhlanganisa nokukhupha ngefanelo. • Beka inomboro ekulu maqangi ukuze ubale uye phambili nofana emuva • Inambalayini. 147 • Ukubuyelela nokuqunta phakathi • Ukwakha nokuphula ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
IGREYIDI YOKU-1 ITHEMU YESI-2 2. AMAPHETHENI, AMAFANKTJHINI NE-ALJIBHRA 148 UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) 2.1 Ukukopa, ukungezelele Ukukopa, ukungezelela Ukukopa iphetheni kusiza abafundi ukubona ilojikhi yokobana iphetheni yenziwe bunjani. Amapheth- begodu nokuhlathulula nokuhlathulula. Ukungezelela iphetheni kusiza abafundi ukuhlola bonyana bayizwisisile ilojikhi yephetheni. eni weJi- Ukukopa, ukungezelela Ukukopa, ukungezelela Ukuhlathulula iphetheni kusiza abafundi ukuthuthukisa amakghono wabo welimi yomethri begodu nokuhlathulula begodu bewuhlathulule nokukhuluma. Kuyokusiza ukubona bonyana abafundi bahlathulula njani amaphethini ngamagama ngamagama Egreyidini yoku-1 abafundi banganqopha emaphethinini wezinto nofana eenqhemeni • Amaphetheni alula • Amaphetheni alula zezinto ezibuyelwe ngendlela efanako patsi/poro. enziwe ngezinto enziwe ngezinto eziphathekako eziphathekako Ethemini yesi-2 abafundi abanengi bayazigedla nabasebenzisa ikhrayoni nofana ipensela nabagwalako. Abafundi bangaragela phambili ngokukopa nangokungezelela amaphetheni • Amaphetheni alula • Amaphetheni alula enziwe ngeenthombe esikhundleni sezinto. Kufanele banqophise ekuhlathululeni enziwe ngemigwalo enziwe ngemigwalo amaphetheni. Akusilula ngasosoke isikhathi ukuhlathulula iphetheni. Ungabasiza ukufunda yemida, amajamo yemida, amajamo bonyana bakhulume njani, ngani ngokubuza imibuzo efana nelandelako: nofana izinto. nofana izinto. “Majamo anjani awabona ephetheneni le?” Tlama amaphetheni Tlama amaphetheni wakho. namamaphetheni wakho “Anemibala efanako?” ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 weJiyometri Tlama amaphetheni “Ubona ijamo linye nofana manengi ephetheneni?” • Ngezinto weJiyometri “Ingabe zoke izinto ziqale endaweni yinye na?” eziphathekako • Ngezinto “Kunenani elifanako lezinto esiqhemeni ngasinye?” • Ngokugwala imida, eziphathekako “Zizinto ezingaki ezisesiqhemeni ngasinye?” ubujamo nofana izinto • Ngokugwala imida, “ingabe amajamo woke anobungako obulinganako?” njll Amaphetheni amajamo nofana izinto asizombelezileko Ethemini yesi - 2 eminye yeminqopho ingaba sekusebenziseni amajamo weJiyometri wa-3-D abafundi abawafunde eThemini yoku-1. Abafundi bangenza amajamo abo 2-D Ukubona, ukuhlathulula ngokusika iphepha nofana ikarada, nofana bangawagwala. Bangenza amaphetheni ngamagama nokukopa ngamajamo wamabhoksi begodu nangamajamo weembholo abazenze ngebumba nofana amaphetheni ngehlama yokudlala. weJiyomethri Amaphetheni angenziwa ngokusebenzisa ijamo elilodwa kodwana umbala wezinto • Ngokwemvelo, utjhuguluke ngendlela eqhelekileko isib. • Kusukela epilweni yangamalanga yesimodeni, • Kusukela kezamagugu nendabuko yethu. Kuqakathekile eGreyidini yoku-1 ukusiza abafundi babone bonyana ngisiphi ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) isiqhema esibuyelelwako, ngokubeka isiqhema ngasinye eencetjhaneni zephepha ezahlukahlukeneko nofana kubonisa ngaphakathi kwebhlogo ngekhasini.
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi CAPS ama -24) 2.1 Ukukopa, ukungezelele Ukukopa, ukungezelela Amaphetheni angenziwa ngeenqhema ezifanako ezibuyelelwako, lapho isiqhema ngasinye Isifundo-1 Amapheth- begodu nokuhlathulula nokuhlathulula. sinomhlobo munye wento kodwana indawo yezinto eenqhemeni iyatjhughuluka. Iinqhema eni weJi- Ukukopa, ukungezelela Ukukopa, ukungezelela ezifanako poro ziyabuyelelwa isib. yomethri begodu nokuhlathulula begodu bewuhlathulule ngamagama ngamagama   • Amaphetheni alula • Amaphetheni alula enziwe ngezinto enziwe ngezinto eziphathekako eziphathekako • Amaphetheni alula • Amaphetheni alula enziwe ngemigwalo enziwe ngemigwalo yemida, amajamo yemida, amajamo nofana izinto. nofana izinto. Tlama amaphetheni Tlama amaphetheni wakho. namamaphetheni wakho Emaphethenini amanye izinto ezahlukeneko ziyasetjenziswa ukwenza isiqhema, kodwana weJiyometri Tlama amaphetheni iinqhema zezinto ziyabuyelelwa ngendlela efanako isib.poro • Ngezinto weJiyometri eziphathekako • Ngezinto • Ngokugwala imida, eziphathekako   ubujamo nofana izinto • Ngokugwala imida, Amaphetheni amajamo nofana izinto asizombelezileko Emaphethenini amanye ubukhulu bezinto eenqhemeni buyatjhuguluka, kodwana iinqhema ziyabuyelelwa ngendlela efanako patsi/poro. Ukubona, ukuhlathulula ngamagama nokukopa   amaphetheni weJiyomethri • Ngokwemvelo, • Kusukela epilweni Abafundi bangenza amaphetheni ngokuthungelela imincamo. Ukwenza amaphetheni yangamalanga kungenziwa godu eemfundweni zamaKghono wePilo. yesimodeni, • Kusukela kezamagugu nendabuko yethu. 149 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 150 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) 2.2 Ukukopa, ukungezelela Ukulandelanisa kufanele Ukulamanisa iinnomboro kungahlanganiswa nokubala. Lokha amakghono wabafundi Amaphe- begodu nokuhlathulula kubonise ukubala ukuya wokubala atjhugulukako godu athuthukako, imihlobo yokulamanisa iinomboro abafundi theni Ukukopa, ukungezelela phambili nemuva abasebenza ngayo ingathuthuka. weenom- begodu nokuhlathulula • Nga-1 ukusuka Ukulandelanisa kufanele kubonise ukubala uye phambili nemuva ngabo: boro. Ukulandelaniswa kunanyana ngiyiphi • Kunye ukusuka kwenye nenye inomboro hlangana neyoku -1 ukufika ku- 50 kwenomboro elula inomboro hlangana na • Litjhumi ukusukela kwenye nenye inomboro ebala ngali-10 ehlangana ne -0 na-50 ukufika ku-100. -1 nama-50 • Kuhlanu ukusukele kwenye nenye inomboro ebala ngaku-5 ehlangana ne -0 na-50 Tlama amaphetheni Ukubala uye phambili nga: • Kubili ukusukela kwenye nenye inomboro ebala nga- 2 ehlangana ne - 0 na- 20 wakho • Nga-10 ukusuka Lokha abafundi babala ngomlomo bangatjengiswa ukulandelanisa iinomboro ezitlolwe Tlama amaphetheni kwenye nenye phasi ngezindlela ezingafaniko. wakho weenomboro eyisibuyabuyeleli se-10 Bangakhomba inomboro ebaliweko hlangana ne-0 na-50 Isibonelo : • Ngaku-5 ukusuka kwenye nenye 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 inomboro 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 esibuyabuyeleli saka Abafundi bangazalisa iinomboro ezingekho ezivezwe nanoma ngawuphi umhlobo ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 ku-5 hlangana ne-0 na-50 wokulandelanisa ongehla. • Ku-2 ukusuka kwenye Khumbula bonyana abafundi batlola iinomboro ngamatshwayo ukufika e-10. Abafundi nenye inomboro bangazalisa iinomboro ezingekho ekulandelaneni kweenomboro ukudlula e-10 nangabe: esibuyabuyeleli saka • yenziwa ngomlomo ku-2 hlangana ne-0 • amakarada weenomboro anikelwe bonyana afakwe eenkhaleni; nofana na-20 • irhelo lamatshwayo weenomboro linikelwe. Abafundi bangagwala umuda ukusuka Tlama amaphetheni enomborweni ekhethiweko ukuya endaweni efaneleko. wakho Ezinye iimbonelo zinikelwe ngenzasi: • Tlama amaphetheni Inambalayini eneenomboro ezinye ezitjhiyiweko wakho weenomboro   30   31   32   34   36   38   40   41   43   46   47   48   50   Ukulandelanisa okubonisa ukubala uye phambili nemuva ngakunye eneenomboro ezinye ezitjhiyiweko. Abafundi bamadanisa iinomboro erhelweni elinikelweko. Bagwala umuda ukubonisa lapho inomboro ekhethiweko kufanele ifakwe khona. ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) 40, 41, 42, __, 44; __, __, 47, ___, 49, 50. 50, 49, 48, __, __, 45, 44, ___, ____, 41, 40 Zitlolwe ngokulandelana uye phambili ngembuyeleli ezitjhiwo ngehla ezinezinye iinomboro ezitjhiyiweko.
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi CAPS ama -24) 2.2 Ukukopa, ukungezelela Ukulandelanisa kufanele Inambalayini etjengisa iinkhala okufanele abafundi bazizalise Iimfundo ezi-3 Amaphe- begodu nokuhlathulula kubonise ukubala ukuya phambili nemuva   theni Ukukopa, ukungezelela 0   2   4   6   8   weenom- begodu nokuhlathulula • Nga-1 ukusuka Igridi yenomboro efake nofana etjhiye ukubala okulandelanako boro. Ukulandelaniswa kunanyana ngiyiphi kwenomboro elula inomboro hlangana na 1 3 5 7 9 ukufika ku-100. -1 nama-50 11 13 15 17 19 Tlama amaphetheni Ukubala uye phambili wakho nga: Tlama amaphetheni • Nga-10 ukusuka wakho weenomboro kwenye nenye Abafundi bafaka umbala nofana bagubuzese iinomboro lokha nababala ngokweqa. eyisibuyabuyeleli se-10 Ekupheleni kweThemu, irherho leenomboro likhuphukela ema-50. Abafundi bangasebenza hlangana ne-0 na-50 ngokulandelanisa inomboro ezipheleleko ukusuka 1 ku– 50 nofana iingcenye • Ngaku-5 ukusuka zokulandelanisa. kwenye nenye inomboro esibuyabuyeleli saka ku-5 hlangana ne-0 na-50 • Ku-2 ukusuka kwenye nenye inomboro esibuyabuyeleli saka ku-2 hlangana ne-0 na-20 Tlama amaphetheni wakho • Tlama amaphetheni wakho weenomboro 151 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
IGREYIDI YOKU- 1 ITHEMU YESI- 2 3. ISIKHALA NOBUJAMO (JIYOMETHRI) 152 UBUDE IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO BESIKHATHI IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IMINQOPHO YETHEMU IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA IMIHLAHLANDLELA YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) 3.1 Ilimi lobujamo Ilimi lobujamo elithuthukiswe eThemini loku-1 lifanele lijayezwe njalonjalo Iimfundo ezi-2 Ubujamo, Hlathulula Ubujamo bento eyodwa ngesikhathi sokufundisa itlasi loke begodu kunqotjhwe esikhathini ukuzijayeza ehlobene nenye, isib.phezu sokufundisa ngeenqhema ethemini yoke, zinikele isikhathi esifitjhani nokubukela kwe, phambi kwe- ,emuva kwe-, sokuzijayeza ilimi njalo njalo. ngesinceleni, esidleni, phezulu, phasi, Ukusebenza ngelimi lobujamo kungahlanganiswa ngokutlola irekhodi hlanu kwe-. njengokugwala, ukufaka umbala nofana ukumadanisa imigwalo Ubujamo nokubukela namagama. Lokhu kungenziwa ngesikhathi sukuzijamela. Madanisa imibono ehlukahlukeneko Amanye amalimi wobujamo angajayezwa abafundi nabasebenza yezinto ezifanako zangamalanga. ngobujamo babobusobubili 2-D. Ubujamo neenkombatjhuba Landela iinkombatjhuba ukukhambakhamba ngetlasini Landela iinlayelo ukubeka into eyodwa ehlobene nenye, isib. Ukubeka ipensela ngaphakathi kwebhoksi. ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 3.2 Ukubona nokutjho izinto ezibusontathu Abafundi bangaragela phambili bakhe izinto ngematheriyali ebuyelelwe Izinto ezi- 3-D ezingetlasini begodu neenthombeni yasetjenziswa godu nofana amabhlogo wokwakha nofana amakhidi busontathu • Ubujamo bebholo (indulungu) wokwakha ngesikhathi sokuzijamela (3-D) • Ubujamo bebhoksi (iphrizimu) Amatshwayo wezinto Ukuhlathulula, ukuhlela ngeengaba nokumadanisa izinto ezibusontathu 3-D ngokuya ngo: • bungako • mbala • izinto ezigedekako • izinto ezitjhelelako Imisetjenzana enqophiweko Tjheja begodu wakhe izinto ezibusontathu 3-D ezinikelweko ngokusebenzisa amamathiriyelii ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) aphathekako afana namabhulogo wokwakha, ukubuyelela usebenzise godu imatheriyali namakhidi wokwakha
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi CAPS ama -24) 3.3 Irherho yobujamo Irherho yobujamo Imisebenzi eminengi isebenzaa ngamajamo eGreyididi yoku-1 yenziwa ngokuzijayeza izinto Amajamo Ukubona nokutjho Ukubona nokutjho eziphathekako. Yoke imisebenzi ifanele ihlanganiswe ngokutlola imisebenzi. abobusobu- ubujamo obubusobubili ubujamo obubusobubili Abafundi bathoma ngomdlala otjhaphululekileko onamajamo ahlukahlukeneko, okufaka bili (2-D) ( 2-D) ( 2-D) hlangana ukwenza iinthombe ngenquntu ezisikiweko zamajamo weJiyomethri. Lokhu • Iindulungu • Iindulungu kungenziwa ngesikhathi sokuzijamela. Lokhu kungabuye kwenziwe ngesikhathi sesifundo samaKghono wePilo. • Aboncantathu • Aboncantathu Abafundi bakopa iinthombe ezenziwe ngamajamo weJiyomethri. Iinthombe lezi • Iinkwere • Iinkwere zingatholakala eencwadini zokufundisa nofana kutitjhera. Lokhu kwenza abafundi Amatshwayo Amatshwayo babone iindulungu begodu neenkwere zobungako obuhlukahlukeneko, iinkwere begodu wamajamo wamajamo naboncantathu abasebujameni obuhlukahlukeneko begodu naboncantathu abanobujamo Ukuhlathulula, ukuhlela Ukuhlathulula, ukuhlela obuhlukahlukeneko. Lokhu kungenziwa ngesikhathi sokuzijamela. Lokhu kungabuye nokumadanisa ubujamo nokumadanisa ubujamo kwenziwe ngesikhathi sesifundo samaKghono wePilo. obubusobubili (2-D ): obubusobubili (2-D ): Ukumadanisa nokuhlathulula izinto ezibobusombili (2-D): isayizi • ubukhulu • ubukhulu Abafundi bamadanisa isayizi yezinto ezifana patsi ngobujamo Isib. • umbala • umbala • Ukuhlela iindulungu ukusuka kencani ukuya kwekulu • ibumbeko • ibumbeko • ukubeka zoke iinkwere ndawonye nofana ukubeka ezinesayizi efanako ndawonye • amahlangothi • amahlangothi Sebenzisa ilimi lesayizi ukumadanisa amajamo ahlukahlukeneko, isib. “Ngagwala anqophileko anqophileko uncantathu ngaphakathi kwesikwere, ngakho-ke uncantathu mncani kunesikwere”. • amahlangothi • amahlangothi arondo Ukuhlathulula amajamo wabobusombili (2-D) : umbala ayindulungu Abafundi bakhuluma ngemibala yamabumbeko begodu bahlela amabumbeko ngokuya ngemibala. Ukubona nokutjho amagama wezinto begodu nemibala yazo, kanye nokumadanisa isayizi yezinto kungajayezwa ngesikhathi sokusebenza ngamaphetheni Ukulemuka nokutjho iindulungu, aboncantathu begodu neenkwere Abafundi bafanele basebenze ngeendulungu nangeenkwere zamasayizi ahlukahlukeneko, begodu nangaboncantathu abanobujamo obuhlukileko. Kuqakathekile bonyana abafundi bangaboni isibonelo sobujamo obubodwa kwaphela. Amasede wamabumbeko athengiswako amanengi anikela isibonelo esisodwa saboncantathu.Abafundi bafanele bbakghone ukuwabona • Aboncantathu abanamabumbeko ahlukahlukeneko begodu babekwa endaweni ezihlukahlekeneko. Laba ngabanye baboncantathu:   153 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 154 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) 3.3 Irherho yobujamo Irherho yobujamo • Iinkwere zamasayizi ahlukahlukeneko zibekwe ngeendlela ezihlukahlukeneko Iimfundo ezi-3 Amajamo Ukubona nokutjho Ukubona nokutjho   abobusobu- ubujamo obubusobubili ubujamo obubusobubili bili (2-D) ( 2-D) ( 2-D) • Iindulungu • Iindulungu • Iindulungu zamasayizi ahlukahlukeneko. Lezi ngezinye zeendulungu. • Aboncantathu • Aboncantathu • Iinkwere • Iinkwere Amatshwayo Amatshwayo wamajamo wamajamo Ukuhlathulula, ukuhlela Ukuhlathulula, ukuhlela Kuqakathekile bonyana abafundi basebenze ngeemfaniso zamakhadibhodi asikiweko nokumadanisa ubujamo nokumadanisa ubujamo wamajamo. Lokhu kwenza abafundi babone abancantathu abahlukahlukeneko begodu obubusobubili (2-D ): obubusobubili (2-D ): neenkwere ezibekwe eendaweni ezihlukahlukeneko. • ubukhulu • ubukhulu Abafundi bahlela ngemihlobo amabumbeko ngokuya ngokuthi zinamahlangothi anqophileko • umbala • umbala nofana ayindulungu. • ibumbeko • ibumbeko Abafundi bahlela ngemihlobo begodu babeka amajamo ngeenqhema ngokuya ngokuthi • amahlangothi • amahlangothi aboncantathu, aziinkwere, nofana azindulungu. ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 anqophileko anqophileko Umsebenzi uhlanganiswa ngokutlola imisebenzi. Imisebanzi le ifaka hlangana ukufa • amahlangothi • amahlangothi arondo umbala, ukumadanisa amagama namabumbeko, njll ayindulungu ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
IGREYIDI YOKU-1 ITHEMU YESI-2 4. UKUMEDA CAPS UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) 4.1 Ukudlula kwesikhathi Abafundi bafanele bafunde bonyana kukhulunywa njani : Isikhathi Khuluma ngokudlula • ngokulandelanisa izehlakalo kwesikhathi • nangobude besikhathi • Ukuhlela izehlakalo Abafundi baragela phambili nokuhlanganisa iindlela yokukhuluma ngesikhathi ngamalanga eziqhelekileko ezisuke ngesikhathi sokufundisa setlasi loke nofana ngesikhathi sokunqopha sokufundisa epilweni yabo ngesiqhema. • Ukumadanisa Abafundi bakhuluma begodu baphendula imibuzo ephathelene nokuthi izinto zenzeka nini, ubude besikhathi ngokusebenzisa ilimi elinjengokuthi ekuseni, ngemuva kwedina, ebusuku, ekuseni khulu, kusetjenziswe ilimi isib. ngemuva kwesikhathi. iskhathi eside, isikhathi Abafundi balandelanisa izehlakalo ngokusebenzisa ilimi elinjengokuthi izolo, namhlanje, esifitjhani, kabuthaka. kusasa; amalanga weveke begodu neenyanga zonyaka • Ukulandelanisa Abafundi bamadanisa ubude besikhathi ngokusebenzisa ilimi elinjengokuthi isikhathi eside izehlakalo nofana isikhathi esifitjhani begodu msinyana nofana buthaka. ngokusebenzisa ilimi elifaka njengokuthi Abafundi bakhuluma ngokuhlela izehlakalo zepilo yabo. Bahlela ukulandelana izolo, namhlanje, kweenthombe ezinjenga kusasa. • amagadango wokwenza iimbedlezwana nofana ikopi letiye; Ukutjho isikhathi • iinthombe ezitjengisa ukukhula komntwana aze abe mumuntu okhulileko; • Ukuhlathulula • umzombelezo wepilo yeembandana, isib. Iqanda liba yikukhu, nofana iqanda liba nakwenzeka into sirhwerhwe nofana iqanda liba iviyaviyani;begodu ngokusebenzisa ilimi • izehlakalo eziqhelileko zelanga ( ukuvuka, ukuba sesikolweni, ukudlala, ukudla isib. ekuseni,ngemuva kwamadina, ukulala). kwedina, ebusuku, Ragela phambili ukubeka amalanga wamabeletho ekhalendeni umnyaka woke ekuseni khulu, ngemuva kwesikhathi. • Ukwazi amalanga weveke, neenyanga zonyaka. • Ukwazi iinyanga zonyaka • Ukubeka amalanga awamabeletho ekhalendeni 155 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 156 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) 4.2 Ukulinganisa Zoke iimedo zeGreyidi yoku-1 azikahleleki. Akukho ukumeda okuhlelekileko kobude Ubude okungakahleleki emayunithini asezingeni enziweko. • Ukumadanisa EThemini yoku-1 kuphakanyiswe bonyana abafundi banqophe nokuhlela ubude, • ekumadaniseni okunqophileko kobude bezinto ngokubeka into hlanu kwenye; ukuphakama nofana ububanzi bezinto • ukuhlela nokumadanisa ubude nofana ukuphakama nofana ububanzi bezinto ezintathu ezimbili nofana nofana ezinengi, ngokubeka izinto ngazimbili enye hlanu kwenye, bekufike lapho zoke ezinengi ngokuzibeka izinto zilandelaniswe khona godu enye eqadi kwenye. • Ukuthuthukisa ilimi lokukhuluma ngemahluko ngobude, ukuphakama, nobubanzi, njll • Ukusebenzisa Ngesikhathi sokusebenza ngokuzijamela ethemini yoke, abafundi bangazijayeza begodu ilimi ukukhuluma ngokumadanisa, isib. bahlanganise ukuhlela nokumadanisa ubude nofana ukuphakama nofana ububanzi bezinto ubude, ubufitjhani, ezintathu nofana ezinengi, ngokubeka izinto ngazimbili ezinye hlanu kwezinye, bekufike ububanzi. lapho zoke izinto zilandelaniswe khona. • Ukulinganisa, Woke umsebenzi ufanele urekhodwe. ukumeda, ukumadanisa, ukuhlela begodu urekhode ubudeusebenzise ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 iimedo ezingasisezingeni isib. Izandla, igadango, ubude bepensela, izinto zokubala, njll. 4.3 Ukumeda Zoke iimedo zeGreyidi yoku-1 azikahleleki. Akukho ukumeda okuhlelekileko bobungako Ubungako/ okungakahleleki emayunithini ahlelekileko enziweko. ubudisi • Ukulinganisa, EThemini yoku-1 kuphakanyiswe bonyana abafundi banqophe ukumeda, • ekumadaniseni okunqophileko kobungako bezinto ; begodu ukumadanisa, ukuhlela, • ukuhlela nokumadanisa ubungako bezinto ezintathu nofana ezinengi ngokubeka izinto bekurekhodwe ubudisi, ngazimbili ezihlaleleneko, bekufike lapho zoke izinto zilandelaniswe khona godu ngokusebenzisa iimedo • Ukuthuthukisa ilimi lokukhuluma ngokuhlukahluka bobungako ezingasisezingeni begodu nesikala Ngesikhathi sokusebenza ngokuzijamela ethemini yoke, abafundi bangazijayeza sokudzimelela isib. begodu bahlanganise ukuhlela nokumadanisa ubungako bezinto ezintathu nofana Amabhulogo, iintina ezinengi, ngokubeka izinto ngazimbili ezinye hlanu kwezinye, bekufike lapho zoke izinto njll. zilandelaniswe khona. Woke umsebenzi ufanele urekhodwe. • Ukusebenzisa ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) ilimi ukukhuluma ngokumadanisa isib. lula, budisi, lula-khulu, budisi-khulu.
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi CAPS ama -24) 4.4 Ukumeda Ukumeda Zoke iimedo eGreyidini yoku-1 azikahleleki. Asikho isimedo esihlelekileko zobungako Iinfundo ezi- 2 Umthamo/ okungakahleleki okungakahleleki emayunithini ahlelekileko enziweko. Ivolumu • Ukumadanisa • Ukumadanisa Umnqopho ophakanyisweko weThemi yoku-1 bewukuthuthukisa ilimi lokukhuluma nokuhlela ubungako nokuhlela ubungako ngomthamo odluleleko begodu nokumadaniswako. obusamanzi okusamanzi iminqopho yethemu yesi-2 ungaba sekumadaniseni okuhlelekileko (umthamo) (umthamo) okuse iminqopho yethemu yesi-4 ungaphathelana nabafundi basebenza ngamayunithi wokumeda obuseemumathini mumathini ezimbili angakahleleki. Abafundi bangazijayeza begodu bahlanganise imiqondo lengesikhathi ezimbili ezibekwe ezibekwe esinye eduze sokusebenza ngokuzijamela okwenzeka umnyaka woke. esinye eduze nesinye. Abafundi kesinye. Abafundi bahlola ngokuthi Ukumadanisa okuhlelekileko wemithamo ongeemumathini bahlola ngokuthi bathele esimumathini • Ukuthuthukisa ukuzwisisa komthamo begodu nelimi lokukhuluma ngawo. bathele esimumathini sesithathu Abafundi bathoma ukucabanga begodu bakhulume ngomthamo ngokumadanisa bonyana sesithathu nakutlhogekako. kungangani okungaphakathi kweemumathi ezimbili ezifana patsi (nofana imigwalo nakutlhogekako. • Ukumadanisa yeemumathi ezimbili azifana patsi. Kunqotjhwe kokulandelako: • Ukumadanisa nokuhlela ubungako -- zele begodu dududu nokuhlela ubungako beketjezi/okusamanzi -- nengi kuna/ncani kuna beketjezi/okusamanzi okungathathwa okungathathwa ziimumathi ezimbili -- fana na ziimumathi ezimbili nazizeleko (umthamo) Abafundi bangazalisa begodu bathulule iimumathi ngokuthi ba: nazizeleko (umthamo) • Ukusebenzisa • Madanisa amavolumu amabili nofana amanengi, iimumathi eziqaleka zihlukile ngokuthela • Ukusebenzisa ilimi ukukhuluma esimumathini sesithathu. ilimi ukukhuluma ngokumadanisa isib. Lokha abafundi nabakghona ukukhuluma ngamavolumu adluleleko (angenalitho begodu ngokumadanisa isib. enengi kune, encani nazeleko, njll) begodu bamadanisa amavolumu (ahlukileko ngokuwaqala nje akude) enengi kune, encani kune, encani, izele, eemumathini ezimbili ezifanako. Nqopha khulu khulu eemumathini ezibanzi nezincani kune, encani, izele, edududu. ngobubanzi, isib. edududu. • Ukulinganisa • zalisa ibhodlelo lamalitha ama-2 begodu nebhodlelo elinama-500ml alingane; • Ukulinganisa, nokumeda; begodu nokumeda; Ukumadanisa • Buza abafundi bonyana ngisiphi isimumathi sebhodlelo esinengi. Ukumadanisa nokuhlela Abafundi bangahlola ngokuthi bathele iketjezi esimumathini sesithathu begodu nokumerega nokuhlela bewurekhode umthamo ukuphakama kwalo. bewurekhode ongeemumathini Abafundi abasese batjha kanengi abatjheji bonyana isimumathi sibanzi kangangani umthamo ngokusebenzisa nababeka umbono ngevolumu; baqala kwaphela bonyana isimumathi sizaliswe kangangani ongeemumathini izinto zokumeda Abafundi bafanele banikelwe ilemuko elinengi nakumadaniswa amavolumu eemumathini ngokusebenzisa ezingakahleleki isib. ezinobubanzi obuhlukahlukeneko. izinto zokumeda Iingobho neenkomitji. ezingakahleleki isib. Ukurekhoda Iingobho neenkomitji. Abafundi bafanele barekhode woke umsebenzi. 157 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
IGREYIDI YOKU-1 ITHEMU YESI-2 5. UKUPHATHA IDATHA 158 UBUDE IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO: AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu KONYAKA namaminithi YESI-2 ama -24) UKUSEBENZA NGEBUTHELELO LEZINTO 5.1 Ukubuthelela nokuhlela Ukubuthelela nokuhlela Qala amanothi weThemu yoku-1 Isifundo -1 Ukubuthelela izinto izinto Ethemini ye-2 abafundi baragela phambili ngokusebenza ngokubuthelela ngendlela nokuhlela Ukubuthelela nokuhlela Ukubuthelela nokuhlela efanako, kodwana bahlahlwa/bakhokhelwa kancani. ngeengaba ngeengaba izinto ngeengaba izinto Lokha abafundi nasele bakhokhelwe ekambisweni yokuhlela ngeengaba begodu kwezinto eziphathekako eziphathekako nokujamisela ibuthelelo, ngesikhathi sokunqophisa iinqhema, bangazijayeza wona zangamalanga zangamalanga ngesikhathi sokuzijamela. 5.2 Ukujamiselela ibuthelelo Lokha abafundi sebejayele ukuphendula imibuzo ngebuthelelo labo, ungababawa lezinto elihlelekileko Ukujamiselela ibuthelelo bonyana bahlathulule ibuthelelo labo, ngaphandle kokubakhokela ngemibuzo Ukujamiselela lezinto elihlelekileko enqophileko. ibuthelelo Ukugwala isithombe lezinto sezinto ezihleleke Ukugwala isithombe sezinto elihlelekileko ngemihlobo ezibuthelelweko ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 Ukucoca nokubika 5.3 Ukucoca nokubika ngokuhlelwa kwezinto Ukucoca ngokuhlelwa kwezinto ezibuthelelweko nokubika ezibuthelelweko • Nikela iinzathu zokobana ngokuhlelwa • Nikela iinzathu zokobana ibuthelelo lihlelwe bunjani kwezinto ezi- ibuthelelo lihlelwe bunjani • Phendula imibuzo ngo: buthelelweko • Phendula imibuzo nge: -- ukuhleleka ngemihlobo -- ukuhleleka ngemihlobo kwenziwe bunjani kwenziwe bunjani (indlela yekambiso) (indlela yekambiso) -- Ukuhlelela ngemihlobo -- Ukuhlelela ngemihlobo kwebuthelelo kuqaleka kwebuthelelo kuqaleka bunjani (umkhiqizo) bunjani (umkhiqizo) • Hlathulula ibuthelelo • Hlathulula ibuthelelo begodu nemigwalo begodu nemigwalo • Hlathulula bonyana • Hlathulula bonyana ibuthelelo lihleleke ibuthelelo lihleleke bunjani ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) bunjani Kuphakanyiswa bonyana ukusebenza ngomzombelezo wokuphathwa kwedatha kumnqopho weThemu ye-3 neye 4.
IGREYIDI YOKU-1 ITHEMU YESI-3 1. IINOMBORO, AMA-OPHARETJHINI NOBUDLELWANA CAPS UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-3 namaminithi ama -24) UKUTHUTHUKISA UMQONDONOMBORO: Bala ngeenomboro ezipheleleko 1.1 Ukubala izinto Ukubala izinto Khuyini okuhlukileko kuneThemini yesi-2 Ukubala ngokuthembeka ukufika ngokuthembeka ukufika Ethemini yesi-3, abafundi bandisa irherho lokubala. Kusese nomnqopho wokuzwisisa izinto ema-50 ema-40 umthetho wekhadinali. Ngesikhathi seThemu le, abafundi bafanele bafunde ukubeka Nikela ukulinganisa Nikela ukulinganisa izinto ngokuhleleka ngerherho nababalako ukuze nabahlola ukubala kwabo, ihlelo libasize okuzwakalako kwenani okuzwakalako kwenani ukubala lula khulu.Isib, izinto zokubala zingabekwa ngamareyi. lezinto ezingahlolwa lezinto ezingahlolwa ngokubala ngokubalwa NgeThemu le abafundi baragela phambili ngokwandisa amakghono wabo wokubala nokuzijayeza: • Ukubala zoke • Ukubala okuragela phambili • Umthetho weenomboro zekhadinali, begodu noku • Sebenza ngamatheksti atloliweko Ukulinganisa okunqophe patsi Abafundi baragela phambili ngokuzijayeza ukubona ibuthelelo elincani lezinto Ukubala ngeenqhema Ukuze silekelele abafundi ukubala ngamakhefu wangakubili, ngakuhlanu begodu nanga-10, bafanele babuthelele izinto ngazimbili, ngazihlanu begodu nangetjhumi ukuze babale ibuthelelo lezinto. Amakarada weenomboro afanele akhangiswe kelinye nelinye ibuthelelo ukutjengisa inani lezinto ezibaliweko.Ukubala ngeenqhema kuzokubalungiselela abafundi bonyana bazwisise ukubuyabuyelela Iinsetjenziswa: Ukuyelela ngokutjheja kufanele kunikelwe imihlobo yeensetjenziswa ezisetjenziswako • Ama-apharethasi ahlelekileko njengentambo enemincamo yokubala, ingasetjenziswa. • I –abhakhasi ingasetjenziselwa ukuzijayeza ukubala ngeenqhema zangalitjhumi. • Bangenza iinyanda zanga-2, iinyanda zanga-5 begodu nangalitjhumi ngeenthoro zomlilo 159 nofana iingojwana zokubala begodu babale koke. ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE BESIKHATHI IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO : IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 160 IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YESI-3 IMIHLAHLANDLELA YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu namaminithi ama -24) 1.2 Ukubala uye phambili nemuva nga: Ukubala uye phambili nemuva Khuyini okuhlukileko kuneThemu yoku-1? Ukubala uye • Ku-1 ukusuka kwenye nenye nga- EThemini yesi-3, abafundi sebabala ukufika ku-80 phambili inomboro hlangana ne-0 ne-100 • Ku-1 ukusuka kwenye nenye Baragela phambili nokubala ngeembuyabuyelelo za-2, 5 nemuva Ukubala uye phambili nga: inomboro hlangana ne-0 na-80 begodu ne-10 • Li-10 ukusuka kesinye nesinye Ukubala uye phambili nga: Imisetjenzana engezelelweko isibuyabuyelelo se-10 hlangana ne-0 • Li-10 ukusuka kesinye nesinye Imisetjenzana yetlasi loke ne-100 isibuyabuyelelo se-10 hlangana Ukubala uye phambili nemuva ukufika ku-80 • Ku-5 ukusuka kesinye nesinye ne-0 na-80 • Abafundi babala baye phambili nemuva isibuyabuyelelo saka ku-5 hlangana • Ku-5 ukusuka kesinye nesinye ne-0 ne-100 isibuyabuyelelo saka ku-5 • Utitjhere ukhomba iinomboro egridini yeenomboro hlangana ne-0 na-80 njengombana abafundi babala bebafike ku-70. • Ku-2 ukusuka kesinye nesinye isibuyabuyelelo saka ku-2 hlangana • Ku-2 ukusuka kesinye nesinye • Abafundi babala ngakuhlanu ukusuka ku-25 ukuya ukufika ne-0 ne-100 isibuyabuyelelo saka ku-2 ku-60. hlangana ne-0 na-80 • Abafundi babala ngamatjhumi ukuya phambili ukusukela ku-0 ukufika ku-80 Ukubala ngokweqa kusetjenziswa abo-5,nabo-10 ukufika ku-80 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 • Abafundi babala nga-10 ukufika ku-50 ngesikhathi utitjhere akhomba itjhadini leenomboro • Utitjhere ukhomba iimbuyeleli zaka -5 etjhadini le-100 abafundi bona babale. • Abafundi babala baye phambili begodu nemuva ngabo-10 Ngokusetjenziswa itjhadi le-100, abafundi bafanele baphendule emiyelelweni yemihlobo efanako: • Bala uye phambili ngamatjhumi ukusuka ema-20 • Bala uye umva ngakunye ukusukela ema-56. • 80, 70, 60: batjho iinomboro ezintathu ezilandelako kusetjenziswa itjhadi le-100. Umsebenzi wokuzijamela Amakghono wokubala ngokweqa kudingeka bonyana asetjenziswe emisetjenzaneni etloliweko. Isibonelo: Abafundi bakhambisa amehlo: ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) • Baqedelela ukulandelana kweenomboro ezilula; begodu • Bazalisa iinomboro ezitjhiyiweko emkhondweni weenomboro begodu nenambalayini, nitlola iinomboro ezimbili ezilandelako 66, 65, 64,-----,-----,
UBUDE BESIKHATHI IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO : IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YESI-3 IMIHLAHLANDLELA YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu namaminithi ama CAPS -24) 1.3 Ukwazi nokufunda iinomboro Ukwazi nokufunda iinomboro Ngikuphi okuhlukileko kuneThemini yesi-2? Amatshwayo • Ukwazi nokufunda amatshwayo • Ukwazi nokufunda amatshwayo Ethemini yesi-3, irherho leenomboro likhuphukele ema-80. weenomboro wenomboro kusukela ku- 0 ukufika wenomboro 0-80 Kwanjesi kulindeleke bonyana abafundi batlole amatshwayo namagama ku-100 • Ukutlola amatshwayo weenomboro ukufika ema-20. Kudingeka bonyana bakghone weenomboro • Ukutlola amatshwayo weenomboro weenomboro 0-80 ukwenza lokho ngombana babala ukufika ema-20 begodu ukusukela ku -0 ukufika ku-100 kutlolwa imitjho yeenomboro. Abafundi baragela phambili • Ukwazi nokufunda amabizo nokuzijayeza ukufunda nokutlola amagama weenomboro • Ukwazi nokufunda amabizo weenomboro 1-10 zabo. Bafanele bakghone ukumadanisa itshwayo negama wenomboro kusuka ku- 1ukufika-10 • Tlola amabizo wenomboro 1-10 lenomboro. Imisetjenzana yencwadi yokusebenzela nokutlola • Ukutlola amabizo wenomboro ngetlasini-incwadi yokusebenzela ingenziwa ngesikhathi • Kusukela ku-1ukufika ku-10 sokuzijamela. Isibonelo somsebenzi wokutlola: Madanisa amagama nezinto Kunye  Kubili     Kuthathu  Kune  Kuhlanu  Sithandathu  Likhomba  Bunane      Litjhumi  Okulindeleke ebafundini? • Bangakghona ukufunda amatshwayo weenomboro ukufika e-50 • Bakghona ukutlola amatshwayo weenomboro ukufika e-20 • Bakghona ukufunda amagama weenomboro ukufika e-10 • Bakghona ukutlola amagama weenomboro ukufika e-10 161 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE BESIKHATHI IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO : IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 162 IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YESI-3 IMIHLAHLANDLELA YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu namaminithi ama -24) 1.4 Ukuhlela nokumadanisa, Izinto Ukuhlela nokumadanisa izinto Ngikuphi okuhlukileko eThemini 2? Ukuhlathulula, • Madanisa ibuthelelo lezinto ngokuya ezi-15 Ethemini 3,abafundi baragela phambili ngoku: ngobunengi, ngambalwa, ngokunengi • Madanisa ibuthelelo lezinto ukumadanisa, • ngokuhlela nokumadanisa izinto khulu,ngokuncani khulu, okunengi ngokuya ngobunengi,ngokunca nokuhlela kuna, okuncani kuna, okulinganako, ni,ngokunengi khulu,ngokuncani • ngokuhlela nokumadanisa iinomboro; noku iinomboro ngokunengi, okulingana na, kuna,ngokulingana • sebenzisa ilimi lokuhlela nokumadanisa. okuhlukileko na,okungafaniko Imisetjenzana iragela phambili • Ukuhlela ibuthelelo lezinto kusukela • Ukuhlela ibuthelelo lezinto kokukhulu khulu kuya kokuncani kusukela kezinengi khulu ukuya Utitjhere utjho inomboro isib. 12 khulu nakokuncani khulu ukuya kezincani khulu begodu nezincani Utitjhere ubuza imibuzo: ikuphi inomboro le phezulu kokukhulu khulu khulu ukuya kezikhulu khulu kwenambalayini? • Izinto ezihlukahlukenekoukufikela • Ukuhlela izinto kufikela e-15 Ngiyiphi inomboro eza ngemuva kwenomboro u-12 e-100 Ukuhlela nokumadanisa iinom- Ngiyiphi inomboro eza ngaphambili kwenomboro u -12? Ukuhlela nokumadanisa iinomboro boro • Ukuhlela iinomboro • Ukuhlela iinomboro Ngiyiphi inomboro eza ngemuva kwenomboro 12? -- Kusukela kencani khulu ukuya -- Kusukela kencani khulu ukuya 12 munengi nga-1 kune------ kekulu khulu nakusukela kekhulu kekulu khulu nakusukela 12 mncani nga 1 kune------ khulu kuya kencani khulu. kekhulu khulu kuya kencani ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 -- Ngaphambili,ngemuva,phakathi/ khulu. hlangana -- Ngaphambili,ngemuva,phakathi/ -- Ukusebenzisa inambalayini 0-100 -- hlangana • Ukumadanisa iinomboro -- Ukusebenzisa inambalayini ezipheleleko ngokuya ngobunani 0-80 kuna, okukhulu kuna, engaphasi • Ukumadanisa iinomboro kuna, ilingana na ezipheleleko ngokuya ngobunani • Kunye –nakhunye kuna,okukhulu kuna, engaphasi kokukhambelanako kuna,ilingana na • Izinto ezihlukahlukenekoukufikela • Kunye –nakhunye e-100 kokukhambelanako Sebenzisa inomborosikhundla • Izinto ezihlukahlukenekoukufikela ukutjengisa ukulandelana ,indawo e-15 namkha ubujamo Sebenzisa inomborosikhundla • Beka izinto emudeni ngokulandelana ukutjengisa ukulandelana ,indawo kusukela keyokuthoma ukufika namkha ubujamo keyamatjhumi namkha keyokuthoma • Beka izinto emudeni kusukela ukuya keyokugcina, Isib. Yokuthoma, keyokuthoma ukuya keyesitjhumi yesibili, yesithathu..yetjhumi nofana keyokuthoma ukuya ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) yamaswaphela(iinomboro zeodinali) keyokugcina isib.kokuthoma, Amahlangothi womraro weenom- kwesibili,kwesithathu ... boro zekhadinali ngerherho lokusuka keyetjhumi, yokugcina (iinomboro ekuthomeni ukuya etjhumini ezima odinali)
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO CAPS : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-3 namaminithi ama -24) 1.5 Thoma ukulemuka Ukubona Ngikuphi okuhlukileko kune Themu yesi-2? Ubukhulu ubukhulu bedijithi ubungako bedijithi NgeThemu leli abafundi bathoma ukuphula iinomboro zibe matjhumi nangakunye / bedijithi okungenani iinomboro bokungasenani amayunithi kusetjenziswa: zamadijithi ama-2 iinomboro zamadijithi • Ukubuthelela izinto zibe matjhumi; begodi. ukufika kama-20 ama-2 ukuya ku-15 • Nehlobo lokutlola u-14=10 no 4 • Ukuphula iinomboro • Hlukanisa iinomboro Ukuzwisisa kobukhulu bedijithi buthuthukiswa kusukela esigabeni esisisekelo nesiphakathi. zamadijithi amabili izinamadijithi amabili eGreyidini 1 abafundi bathoma ukucabanga ngeenqhema zezinto ezibekwe ngamatjhumi ukuya ngamatjhumi ngamatjhumi nofana njenge unithi.Bathoma ukudlula ekuboneni itjhumi njengezinto ezilitjhumi nangakunye ukufika nangakunye ukuya ezihlukeneko, njenga nje sebabona u-10 njengeyunithi elilodwa nofana njenga-1 yetjhumi. ema-20 isib. 12 li-10 e-15 isib.u-12 li-10 Ukuthoma ukwizisisa ubukhulu bedijithi ethemini le,abafundi bafanele ba: naku-2 naku-2 • bazi amagama weenomboro bebabale ngokulandelanisa ngokuzithemba okungasenani ukufika ema-20 • ukutlola nokufunda amatshwayo weenomboro • ukwenza ukuhlanganisa nokukhupha okulula • ukubala izinto ngokwenza ngokubuthelela:na • ngokukghona ukujamiselela iinqhema/okubuthelelweko Ukuphula iinomboro zibe matjhumi nangakunye/nangamayunithi Umnqopho eGreyidini 1 kukwenza ibuthelelo lamatjhumi nangokuhlukeneko okunga kunye. Ngaphambili kokuphula iinomboro zibe matjhumi nangakhunye, abafundi kufanele bathole ithuba elaneleko lokuzijayeza ukuphula iinomboro ngeendlela ezihlukeneko ngeThemu yoku-1 no 2.Lokho kufanele kwenzeke ngehlobo lokwenza nangokutlola. Ukusebenzisa iinsetjenziswa eziphathekako Iimbonelo eziphathekako ziqakathekile ekwakheni umqondonomboro wabafundo,ukujamiselela iinomboro nomthetho wobukhulu bedijithi.Nakubalwa ngamatjhumi nangokubeka ngeenqhema zetjhumi,abafundi bazokuthoma ukuzwisisa bonyana iimbuyabuyeleli ze-10 zinikela ibhrorho nakubalwako isib.26,27,28,29,30,31. Bafanele bathome ukulemuka bonyana igama netshwayo 10 kujamele iyunithi elilodwa. Ukusebenza ngezinto eziphathekako ngokuzibeka ngeenqhema ukubumba itjhumi langakunye bebazwisise bonyana i-10 libuthelelo linye lezinto ezilitjhumi ezikhamba ngakhunye. Ukutjengisa abafundi ibuthelelo langokwetjhumi bese ubatjele bonyana i-14 litjhumi –li-1 naku-4 okuhlukeneko, kuzokwakha umqondo wokobana i-14 lilitjhumi eli-1 na -4 yezinto ezihlukeneko. Ukubuthelela izinto ezihlukeneko kwenza ibuthelelo lokwetjhumi kube nokuzwisiseka khulu. Ukusebenzisa i-abhakhasi,abafundi kufanele batjengise: Itjhumi linye 163 Itjhumi linye nokukodwa oku-2; Itjhumi linye noku-3 okungakodwa begodi Itjhumi linye naku-4 okungakodwa ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 164 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-3 namaminithi ama -24) 1.5 Thoma ukulemuka Ukubona Lindela abafundi bonyana babale ngakunye ukwenza ibuthelelo langa litjhumi .Kabanengi Ubukhulu ubukhulu bedijithi ubungako bedijithi kuzokuba ngiyoyodwa indlela ukutjho inomboro nofana ukutjho bonyana zingakhi lapho. bedijithi okungenani iinomboro bokungasenani Abafundi bangenza iinyanda zangalitjhumi nezihlukeneko ngakunye ukutjengisa bonyana zamadijithi ama-2 iinomboro zamadijithi i-11 angaphulwa ngokuba yinyanda yinye yetjhumi nokukodwa okuhlukeneko. ukufika kama-20 ama-2 ukuya ku-15 • Ukuphula iinomboro • Hlukanisa iinomboro zamadijithi amabili izinamadijithi amabili ukuya ngamatjhumi ngamatjhumi nangakunye ukufika nangakunye ukuya ema-20 isib. 12 li-10 e-15 isib.u-12 li-10 naku-2 naku-2 Ukungenelanisa amakhyubhu kungapakwa ukwenza umbhotjhongo nofana ikholomu ye-10 Amakarada wobukhulu bedijithi angasetjenziswa ukutjhengiswa amatjhumi nangakunye. ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 Ukudlulela ethekisini etloliweko Ukujamiselela ngeenthombe ngebuthelelo lamatjhumi nangakunye. Abafundi bangajanyiselelwa ngeenthombe ezivumela ibuthelelo lamatjhumi nangakunye okuseleko. Isibonelo. Ekupheleni kweThemu abafundi bafanele bakghone ukutlola: 13 = 1 itjhumi naku 3 okukodwa okuhlukeneko 13 = 10 noku 3   Iinsetjenziswa ezitjhukunyeziweko Izinto ezingabuthelelwa: • Iingojwana zokubala • Izinto zokubala ezingathungelelwa • Iingojwana zomlilo • Iingojwana ze ayisikhrimu • Amakhyubhu angenelanako ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) • Imincamo yokubala • I-abhakhasi
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO CAPS : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-3 namaminithi ama -24) 1.6 Sebenzisa amathekhiniki Sebenzisa amathekhiniki Ngikuphi okuhlukileko kuneThemu yesi-2 Amathek- alandelako nawurarulula alandelako nawurarulula Amakghono wokubala aragela phambili nokujayezwa. hiniki wok- imiraro uhlathulule imiraro bewuhlathulule neensombululo zemiraro: iinsombululo zemiraro Ukubuyelela kabili nokuhlukanisa phakathi kungasetjenziswa njengethekhniki yokubalisisa urarulula ngeThemu leli. Nanyana kunjalo, abafundi bafanele baragele phambili nokuzijayeza imiraro • Ama-apharethasi • Ama-apharethasi aphathekako isib. izinto aphathekako isib. ukubuyelela kabili nokuhlukanisa phakathi imiraro yamagama nojameni obutjhaphukileko. zokubala Izinto zokubala Ekupheleni kweThemu le abafundi bathoma ukurarulula imiraro yamagama basebenzise • Iinthombe zokugwala • Iinthombe zokugwala amathekhiniki alandelako: iimbalo zendatjhana isamba sendatjana • Ukugwala nofana ama-Apharethasi aphathekako • Ukwakha nokuphula • Ukukwakha nokuphula • Ukwakha nokuphula iinomboro iinomboro iinomboro • Ukubuyelela kabili nokuhlukanisa phakathi • Ukubuyelela • Ukubuyelela nokuhafula phakathi nokuhlukanisa • Amanambalayini • Amanambalayini phakathi Qala amanothi eThemini yesi-2. • Inambalayini esekelwe ngezinto eziphathekako 1.7 Rarulula imiraro Rarulula imiraro Ukuh- yamagama yamagama langanisa ezisebujameni ezisebujameni bewuhlathulule bewuhlathulule nokukhupha iinsombululo zakho iinsombululo zakho zemiraro ezifaka zemiraro ezifaka ukuhlanganisa ukuhlanganisa nokukhupha nempendulo nokukhupha nempendulo ukufika e-20. ukufika e-15. 1.8 Rarulula imiraro Rarulula imiraro Qala iThemu yesi-2 iimbonelo zemiraro kodwana sebenza ngeenomboro ukufika e-15. Ukuh- yamagama esebujameni yamagama esebujameni langanisa begodu uhlathulule bewuhlathulule iinsombululo zakho iinsombululo zakho okubuyele- zemiraro, ezifaka zemiraro, ezifaka lweko ukuhlanganisa ukuhlanganisa kurholela okubuyelelweko okubuyelelweko ekubuy- okurholela okurholela abuyeleleni ekubuyabuyeleleni ekubuyabuyeleleni nempendulo ukufika e-20 nempendulo ukufika e-15 165 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 166 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-3 namaminithi ama -24) 1.9 Ukurarulula Ukurarulula Bona iThemu yoku-1 iimbonelo zemiraro kodwana sebenza ngeenomboro ukufika e-15. Ukubuthele- imiraro yamagama imiraro yamagama la nok- ezisebujameni ezisebujameni bewuhlathulule bewuhlathulule wabelana iinsombululo zakho iinsombululo zakho okurholela ufake ukwabelana ufake ukwabelana ekuhlu- ngokulingana ngokulingana kaniseni nokubuthelela nokubuthelela ngeenqema ngeenqema kweenomboro kweenomboro ezipheleleko ukufika ezipheleleko ukufika e-20 kanye nempendulo e-15 kanye nempendulo ezingahle zifaka iinsalela ezingahle zifaka iinsalela 1.11 • Khumbula bewufanise • Khumbula bewubone Isamba – amaranda kwaphela Imali imali eziihlavu iinhlavu zemali Abafundi basebenza nga R1, R2, R5, R10 ne R20 imali yamaphepha. Abafundi zeSewula Afrika : yeSewula Afrika 5c, bahlanganisa isamba ukufika ema-R20 ngokwenza basebenzisa ukudlala ngemali. -- Iinhlavu (5c, 10c, 20, 10c, 20c, 50c, R1, R2, Isibonelo: 50c, R1, R2; R5) R5 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 R5 + R10 = R15 -- nemali emaphepha • Sombulula imiraro yemali okufaka R10 + R10 + R10 =R30 – ukuhlanganisa ngokubuyelela iR10 ne R20 hlangana isamba R5 +R2 + R8 = R15 – ukuzaliselela ukufika e- 10 • Sombulula imiraro nethjentjhi ukuya ku Itjhentjhi: amaranda kwaphela efaka hlangana R20 nangamasende amanani wemali Abafundi basebenza nge R1, R2, R5, R10 ne R20 imali yephepha. Benza ukukhupha ukuya ku20c netjhentjii yama R20 ngokusebenzisa imali yamaphepha. neyamasende ukufika Abafundi baqedelela amaphepha wokusebenzela lokha nabasebenzisa itjhentjhi yezinto ku-20c abazithenge R20 nofana ngaphasi Isibonelo: R10 – R8 =R2 R15 – R5 =R10 UKUBALA OKUSEJAMENI OBUTJHAPHULUKILEKO ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO CAPS : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-3 namaminithi ama -24) 1.12 Sebenzisa amathekhiniki Sebenzisa amathekhiniki Abafundi balindeleke bonyana bararulule ukubalisisa okusebujameni obutjhaphulukileko Amathekh- alandelayo nawubalako alandelayo nawenza ngokusebenzisa amathekhiniki alandelako: iniki (iindle- • Ama-apharethasi iimbalo • Ukwakha nokuphula iinomboro la namkha aphathekako • Ama-apharethasi • Ukubuyelela kabili nokuhlephula phakathi amaqhinga) njengezinto zokubala aphathekako • Amanambalayini • Gwala iinthombe • Ukwakha bewuphadhle Qala amanothi weThemu yesi-2 • Ukwakha bewuphadhle iinomboro iinomboro • Ukubuyelela • Ukubuyelela nokuhafula phakathi nokuhafula phakathi • Iinamba layini • Amanambalayini esekelwe ngamas apharethasi aphathekako isib. ukubala umncamo 167 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 168 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-3 namaminithi ama -24) 1.13 Irherho leenomboro: Irherho leenomboro: Ngikuphi okuhlukileko kuneThemu yesi-3? Ukuh- 0 - 20 0 - 15 EThemini 2, ukubalisisa kwerherho leenomboro selandisiwe ukusuka e-10 ukuya -15 langanisa • Hlanganisa ukufika • Hlanganisa ukufika Ukuze usebenze ngamatshwayo wokuhlanganisa nowokukhupha, abafundi kufanele babe nokukhupha ku-20 ku-15 nelemuko elaneleko loku: • Khupha ukufika ku- 20 • Khupha ukusuka ku- • Ukusebenzisa nokuzwisisa ilimi lokuhlanganisa nelokukhupha • Sebenzisa 15 • Ukubala koke amatshwayo afaneleko • Sebenzisa • Ukubala uye phambili kusuka enomborweni ekulu (+, –, =, ) amatshwayo afaneleko (+, –, =, ) • Ukuhlela nokumadanisa iinomboro • Ukuphrakhthisa ukulumbana • Ukuphrakhthisa Amaqhinga wokubalisa nakwenziwa ukuhlanganisa nokukhupha kwenomboro ukufika ukulumbana NgeThemu le abafundi bazokuragela phambili nokusebenzisa amaqhinga alandelako: e-10 kwenomboro ukufika • Ukwenza ukuhlanganisa ngokubala koke e-9 • Ukwenza ukuhlanganisa ngokubala uye phambili • Ukubala uye phambili ukusuka enomborweni ekulu • Ukwenza ukukhupha ngokukhupha okhunye ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 • Ukukhupha ngokubala aye emuva NgeThemu le abafundi bozoku: Ukutjhugulula inomboro yetjhumi begodu akhuphe nofana kuhlanganiswe yinye. Iqhinga leli lingafundiswa ngerherho eliphasi leenomboro belisetjenziswe eenomborweni eziphezulu. Isibonelo: 9+6= Abafundi bangathi kibo: “Ngizokukhupha yinye ku-6 begodu ngihlanganise ne-9 ukwenza i-10.” Bese 9 + 6 angatlolwa nje 10 + 5 = 15 Isibonelo : 8+5= Abafundi bangathi kibo “ngizokukhupha 2 koku -5 begodu ngihlanganise koku-8 ukwenza i-10”. Bese 8 + 5 angatlolwa banjesi 10 + 3 = 13 ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO CAPS : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-3 namaminithi ama -24) 1.13 Irherho leenomboro: Irherho leenomboro: Nakufundwa iqhinga leli, abafundi basebenzisa iinsetjenziswa eziphathekako ukuzwisisa Ukuh- 0 - 20 0 - 15 iqhinga. langanisa • Hlanganisa ukufika • Hlanganisa ukufika Isibonelo: buthelela izinja ukuze zenze i- 10 nokukhupha ku-20 ku-15 • Khupha ukufika ku- 20 • Khupha ukusuka ku- • Sebenzisa 15 amatshwayo afaneleko • Sebenzisa (+, –, =, ) amatshwayo afaneleko • Ukuphrakhthisa (+, –, =, ) ukulumbana • Ukuphrakhthisa kwenomboro ukufika ukulumbana e-10 kwenomboro ukufika 9+4 e-9 10 + 3     9   +  4   =  10   +  3   =  13   Ukuphula inomboro ibe yingcenye encani ukwenza ukubalisisa kube lula Abafundi bazophula inomboro ibe ziingcenye ezihlukeneko. Bazokuphula inomboro ibe ziingcenye ezilawulekako ebafundini. • Ukusebenzisa abotjhobi neenomboro ukutjengisa ukucabanga 8+6= 8+2+4 8 + 2 → 10 + 4 = 14 8+7= 8+2+5 8 + 2 → 10 + 5 = 15 15 – 9 =  169 15 – (5+4) 15 – 5 → 10 – 4 = 6 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 170 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-3 namaminithi ama -24) 1.13 Irherho leenomboro: Irherho leenomboro: Ukusebenzisa ilwazi elidlulileko njengethekhniki Ukuh- 0 - 20 0 - 15 Amathekhiniki atjengiswe ngenzasi avumela abafundi bonyana bahlele ukubala nomqondo langanisa • Hlanganisa ukufika • Hlanganisa ukufika weenomboro. Ukuzijayeza amathekhiniki angenzasi kuzokhuthaza abafundi bonyana nokukhupha ku-20 ku-15 bakghone ukutjengisa ubudlelwano obuphakathi kweenomboro nokufundisa abafundi bonyana bangakwazi ukusenzisa iwazi labo ukuze babalisise. • Khupha ukufika ku- 20 • Khupha ukusuka ku- 15 Ukubeka inomboro ekulu ekuthomeni ukuze akghone ukubala aye phambili nofana • Sebenzisa uye emuva. amatshwayo afaneleko • Sebenzisa 4 + 12 = (+, –, =, ) amatshwayo afaneleko (+, –, =, ) Hlela kabutjha u- 4 + 12 njenge 12 + 4 bese ubala uye phambili 4 kusuka ku12. • Ukuphrakhthisa ukulumbana • Ukuphrakhthisa Ukubona ukubuyelela kabili okuseduzane kwenomboro ukufika ukulumbana 7+6 e-10 kwenomboro ukufika Abafundi bangahlathulula bona isibalo singatlolwa bunjesi 6 + 6 -1 (ukubuyelela kabili bese e-9 uhlanganise na- 1) nofana 7 + 7 - 1 (buyelela kabili i-7 bese ukhupha 1). Abafundi bangahle barekhode amaqhinga wabo ngokusebenzisa abotjhobi 6 + 6 ➝ 12 + 1 = 13 Ukusebenzisa ilwazi eliphikisako lobudlelwano obuphakathi kokuhlanganisa ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 nokukhupha 15 – 9 =  Abafundi bayazi bonyana isibalo sengabuye sitlolwe njengokuhlanginisa. “Ngiyazi bonyana 9 +  = 15.” Abafundi bangahle basebenzise ukubala uye phambili ukuze bakwazi ukubalisisa. Ukulumbana kweenomboro Ukuze uzijayeze ukulumbana kweenomboro abafundi bafanele banikelwe imisetjenzana ehlukahlukeneko okufanele bayenze. Lokhu kwenziwa ngesikhathi sokuzijamela. Inambalayini nayo ingasetjenziswa ukuze bazijayeze ukulumbanisa ukufika e-9 Umqondo wokubuyelela kabili Abafundi kufanele batlole imitjho yeenomboro ngeThemu le: 1 + 1 =  2 – 1 =  2 + 2 =  4 – 2 =  3 + 3 =  6 – 3 =  4 + 4 =  8 – 4 =  Abafundi kufanele bakghone ukuphendula imibuzo elandelako: ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) • Ukubuyelela kabili 3 • Bayini abobuthathu ababili? • Ngigeda isithandathu ngokubuyelela kabili. Ayini amaphuzu wami? • Mangaki amakowusu asempareni ezi-5 zamakowusu?
UBUDE IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO BESIKHATHI IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YESI-3 YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu CAPS KONYAKA namaminithi ama -24) 1.14 • Hlanganisa ngokubuyelela • Hlanganisa ngokubuyelela Ngikuphi okuhlukileko ethemeni 2? Ukuh- (o.k.inomboro efanako kufika) (o.k.inomboro efanako kufika) Ethemeni 3, abafundi baragela phambili nokuthuthukisa ilimi loku langanisa ku-20 e-15 kokuhlanganisa okubuyelelako. Isibonelo okubuyele- • Sebenzisa amatshwayo • Sebenzisa amatshwayo • Kuna -2 ubunengi babo 3 lweko afaneleko ( +, =, ) afaneleko ( +, =, ) • Iinqhema ezi-4 zabo- 2 kurholela Abafundi baragela phambili nokutlola imitjho yeenomboro ukujamisela ekubuy- kweenthombe. Ukubala ngokweqa kufanele kuragele phambili ukulekelela abuyeleleni abafundi ukubala izinto ezibuthelelweko eziseenthombeni. Nangabe iinthombe nofana izinto zibuthelelwe ngazimbili, abafundi bafanele babale ngazimbili ingasi ngakuny ukuthola inani lezinto. 1.16 Umnqopho wenomboro: Umnqopho Ngikuphi okuhlukile ethemeni yesi-2? Iimbalo ze- irherho 20 wenomboro:irherho 15 Ethemeni 2, irherho leenomboro lingezelelwe kusuka e-10 ukufika e-15 hloko • Hlela isethi enikelweko • Hlela isethi leenomboro Iimbonelo zemibuzo nemisetjenzana okungabuzwa begodu kewnziwe: leenomboro ezikhethiweko ezikhethiweko olinikelweko • Thoma ku-3 bese ubale uye phambili ngokunye bewufike e-10 • Madanisa iinomboro ema-20 • Madanisa iinomboro bewutjho • Abafundi bajama umjeje begodu babuze: Ngubani wokuthoma, wesibili, bewutjho bonyana ngiyiphi bonyana ngiyiphi enengi wesithathu nofana wokugcina? enengi nofana encani nofana encani • Ngiyiphi engaphasi nge-14 nofana 8? • Ukwazi bonyana ngiyiphi • Ukwazi bonyana ngiyiphi inomboro enokunengi nga-1 inomboro enengi nga-1 nofana • Ngiyiphi ekulu li-8 nofana yi-4? nofana ngencani nga-1 encani nga-1 • Ngiyiphi engaphasi ngaku-2 kune-13? • Ukwazi bonyana ngiyiphi • Ukwazi bonyana ngiyiphi • Ngiyiphi ekulu nga-2 kune -8 inomboro ekulu nga-2 nofana inomboro enengi nga-2nofana • Nginikela inomboro ehlangana kuka-1 na-3 ngokuncani nga-2 encani nga-2 • Nginikela inomboro ehlangana kwe-10 ne-14. Ingabe inomboro yinye • Ukuwazi bonyana ngiyiphi • Ukukhumbula msinyana: kwaphela? inomboro enokunengi nga-10 • Ukulumbana kwenomboro • Beka amakarada weenomboro ngehlelo elisuka kencani khulu ukuya kekulu nofana incani nga-10 ukufika e-5 khulu. • Ukukhumbula msinyana: • Ukukhumbula amaphuzu Ukukhumbula msinyana • Ukulumbana kwenomboro wokuhlanganisa Ngitjengisa inomboro enginga yihlanganisa ukuze ngenze oku-5 (ukutlola ukufika ke-10 nowokukhupha e-5 phasi nofana kusetjenziswe ubukhulu bedijithi nofana amakarada weflaridi) • Ukukhumbula amaphuzu Amaqhinga wokubala • 1 wokuhlanganisa Ukusebenzisa amaqhinga • 2 nowokukhupha e-10 wokubala ukuhlanganisa • 3 Amaqhinga wokubala nokukhupha ngekghono • 4 Ukusebenzisa amaqhinga elifaneleko: Ngitjengise inomboro eseleko____ nange kususwa ku-5(ukutlola phasi wokubala ukuhlanganisa • Beka inomboro ekulu maqangi nofana ukusebenzisa ubukhulu bedijithi nofana amakarada weflaridi) nokukhupha ngekghono ukuze ubale uye phambili elifaneleko: nofana ubale uye emuva • 1 • Beka inomboro ekulu maqangi • Inambalayini. • 2 ukuze ubale uye phambili • Ukubuyelela kabili nokuhafula • 3 nofana ubale uye emuva • 4 • phakathi 171 • Inambalayini. 1 + 2 = 3 uyini u- 2 + 1? Ipendulo iyafana? • Ukwakha nokuphula • Ukubuyelela kabili nokuhafula 3 + 1 = 4 uyini u 1 + 3? Ingabe ipendulo iyafana? phakathi ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 172 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-3 namaminithi ama -24) 1.16 Umnqopho Umnqopho Amaqhinga wokubala : wenomboro: irherho wenomboro:irherho 15 Iimbalo 20 Ukusebenzisa amaqhinga wokubalisisa ekuhlanganiseni nekukhupheni ngokuphumelelako. zehloko • Hlela isethi • Hlela isethi enikelweko leenomboro Hlanganisa okulandelako ngokubeka inomboro ekulu kokuthoma bese ubala uye phambili : leenomboro ezikhethiweko 1+2 ezikhethiweko olinikelweko 2+3 • Madanisa iinomboro • Madanisa iinomboro ema-20 bewutjho bewutjho bonyana 1+4 bonyana ngiyiphi ngiyiphi enengi nofana Buyelela kabili u-1 enengi nofana encani encani • Ukwazi bonyana • Ukwazi bonyana Bayini abo-2 ababili? ngiyiphi inomboro ngiyiphi inomboro Kuyini ukuhlukana phakathi kwa-4 enokunengi nga-1 enengi nga-1 nofana nofana ngencani nga-1 encani nga-1 Ngokusebenzisa inambalayini • Ukwazi bonyana • Ukwazi bonyana Mumeqo emingaki ukusuka ku-3 ukuya ku 5? ngiyiphi inomboro ngiyiphi inomboro Mimeqo emingaki wokeqa ubuyela emuva kusuka ku-5 ukuya ku-2? ekulu nga-2 nofana enengi nga-2nofana ngokuncani nga-2 encani nga-2 • Ukuwazi bonyana • Ukukhumbula ngiyiphi inomboro msinyana: ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 enokunengi nga-10 • Ukulumbana nofana incani nga-10 kwenomboro ukufika • Ukukhumbula e-5 msinyana: • Ukukhumbula • Ukulumbana amaphuzu kwenomboro ukufika wokuhlanganisa ke-10 nowokukhupha e-5 • Ukukhumbula Amaqhinga wokubala amaphuzu Ukusebenzisa wokuhlanganisa amaqhinga wokubala nowokukhupha e-10 ukuhlanganisa Amaqhinga wokubala nokukhupha ngekghono Ukusebenzisa elifaneleko: amaqhinga wokubala • Beka inomboro ekulu ukuhlanganisa maqangi ukuze ubale nokukhupha ngekghono uye phambili nofana elifaneleko: ubale uye emuva • Beka inomboro ekulu • Inambalayini. maqangi ukuze ubale • Ukubuyelela kabili uye phambili nofana nokuhafula ubale uye emuva ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) • phakathi • Inambalayini. • Ukwakha nokuphula • Ukubuyelela kabili nokuhafula phakathi
IGREYIDI YOKU-1 ITHEMU YESI-3 2. AMAPHETHENI, AMAFANKTJHINI NE-ALJIBHRA CAPS UBUDE IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO BESIKHATHI AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA : IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu KONYAKA YESI-3 namaminithi ama -24) 2.1 Ukukopa, ungezele Ukukopa, ungezele Egreyidi yoku-1 abafundi banganqhopha emaphethinini lapho amalunga abuyelelwe Isifundo 1 Amapheth- bewuhlathulule bewuhlathulule ngendlela ejayelekileko. eni weji- Ukukopa, ungezelele Ukukopa, ungezelele yomethri bewuhlathulule ngamagama bewuhlathulule ngamagama • Amaphetheni alula enziwe Amaphetheni alula enziwe Qala amanothi weThemu yesi-2. ngezinto ezibonakalako ngezinto ezibonakalako • Amaphetheni alula enziwe • Amaphetheni alula enziwe ngemigwalo yemida, ngemigwalo yemida, ubujamo nafana izinto. ubujamo nafana izinto. Tlama begodu uhlathulule • Tlama begodu uhlathulule amaphetheni wakho amaphetheni wakho Tlama amaphetheni Tlama amaphetheni weJiyomethri wakho: • Ngezinto ezibonakalako Ngezinto ezibonakalako • Ngokugwala imida, • Ngokugwala imida, ubujamo nofana izinto ubujamo nofana izinto Tlama begodu uhlathulule amaphetheni wakho Tlama amaphetheni wakho: • Ngezinto ezibonakalako • Ngokugwala imida, ubujamo nofana izinto Amaphetheni asizombelezileko Ukubona, ukuhlathulula ngamagama nokukopa amaphetheni weJiyomethri • Ngokwemvelo, • Kusukela epilweni yangamalanga yesimodeni, 173 • Kusukela kezamagugu nendabuko yethu. ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO BESIKHATHI AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA : IMINQOPHO YETHEMU 174 YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu KONYAKA YESI-3 namaminithi ama -24) 2.2 Ukukopa, ukungezelela Ukukopa, ukungezelela Ukulandelana kweenomboro kungahlanganiswa nokubala. Lokha amakghono Iimfundo- 3 Amaphe- nokuhlathulula nokuhlathulula wabafundi wokubala atjhugulukako godu athuthukako, imihlobo yokulandelana theni Ukukopa, ukungezelele Ukubala uye phambili kweenomboro abafundi ababerega ngayo ingathuthuka. weenom- bewuhlathulule nemuva nga: Ukulandelanisa kufanele kubonise ukubala uye phambili nemuva ngabo: boro Ukulandelanisa kwenomboro • Ku-1 ukusuka kwenye • Ku-1 kusuka kwenye nenye inomboro hlangana ne-1 kuya 80 elula ukufika ku-100. nenye inomboro hlangana • Li-10 kusukela kwenye nenye inomboro ebala ngali-10 ehlangana ne -0 na 80 Tlama begodu uhlathulule ne-0 na-80 • Ku-5 kusukele kwenye nenye inomboro ebala nga ku-5 ehlangana ne - 0 na 80 amaphetheni wakho • Ukubala uye phambili • Ku-2 kusukela kwenye nenye inomboro ebala nga- 2 ehlangana ne - 0 na- 80 Yenza bewuhlathulule nga: Lokha abafundi babala ngomlomo bangatjengiswa ukulandelanisa iinomboro amaphetheni weenomboro • Li-10 ukusuka kesinye ezitlolwe phasi ngezindlela ezingafaniko. nesinye isibuyabuyelelo se-10 hlangana ne-0 Bangakhomba inomboro ebaliweko. na-80 Isibonelo 1: Sebenzisa itjhadi yeenomboro • Ku-5 ukusuka kesinye 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 nesinye isibuyabuyelelo saka ku-5 hlangana ne-0 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 na-80 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 Ku-2 ukusuka kesinye nesinye isibuyabuyelelo 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 saka ku-2 hlangana ne-0 na-80 Isibonelo 2: Ukusebenzisa inambalayini ukukhomba iphetheni Ukubala nge- 10 kusuka e-50 kuya -80. Abafundi bafunda iinomboro kuya -80, kodwana batlola iinomboro kusuka -1 kuya -15. Amaphetheni weenomboro ngaphezu kwe 15 angenziwa nge: • Faka umbala emaphethenini weenomboro esegridini yeenomboro; • Zungeleza iphethenini yeenomboro ezisegridini yeenomboro nofana enambalayinini; • Sebenzisa amakarada weenomboro ukupaka ukulandelana kweenomboro; • Ukusebenzisa amakarada weenomboro ukubonisa iinomboro ezitjhiyiweko ngendlela etloliweko yokulandelanisa • Ukusebenzisa irhelo lamatshwayo weenomboro elinikelweko ukugwala umuda ukusukela eenomborweni ezilungileko kuya endaweni ekufanele iyivale. Abefundi banganikelwa iinomboro ezitlolwe ngokulandelana neenomboro ezitjhiyiweko. Mabanikelwe irhelo leenomboro ezingahle zisetjenziswe, ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) abangakhetha ipendulo elungileko. Abafundi bangazalisa iinomboro ezingekho ezivezwe nanoma ngawuphi umhlobo wokulandelanisa ongehla, godu bazalise iinomboro ezitjhiyiweko eenomborweni ezitlolwe ngokulandelana. isib. 2, 12, 22, ___, 42, 52, 62.
IGrEYIdI YOKU-1 IThemu YESI-3 3. ISIKHALA NOBUJAMO (JIYOMETHRI) CAPS UBUDE IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO BESIKHATHI AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA : IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu KONYAKA YESI-3 namaminithi ama -24) 3.1 Ilimi lobujamo Ilimi lobujamo elithuthukiswe eThemini loku-1 lifanele lijayezwe njalonjalo Ubujamo, Hlathulula ubujamo ngesikhathi sokufundisa itlasi loke begodu kunqotjhiswe esikhathini sokufundisa ukuzijayeza bento eyodwa ehlobene ngesiqhema ethemini yoke, zinikele isikhathi esifitjhani sokuzijayeza ilimi njalo njalo. nokubukela nenye, isib.phezu kwa-, Amanye amalimi wobujamo angajayezwa abafundi nabasebenza ngezinto zobujamo phambi kwa- ,emve kwa, obubobusontathu (3-D). ngesinceleni, esidleni, Ukusebenza ngendawo begodu nangekombatjhuba kungahlanganiswa ngokutlola phezulu, phasi, hlanu kwa-. irekhodi njengokugwala, ukufaka umbala nofana ukumadanisa imigwala namagama. Ubujamo nokubukela Lokhu kungenziwa ngesikhathi sokuzijamela. Madanisa imibono ehlukahlukeneko yezinto ezifanako zangamalanga woke. Ubujamo neenkombatjhuba Landela iinkombatjhuba ukukhambakhamba ngetlasini Landela iinlayelo ukubeka into eyodwa ehlobene nenye, isib. Ukubeka ipensela ngaphakathi kwebhoksi. 175 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO BESIKHATHI AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA : IMINQOPHO YETHEMU 176 YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu KONYAKA YESI-3 namaminithi ama -24) 3.2 Izinto ezihlukahlukeneko Izinto ezihlukahlukeneko Ukunqopha ematshwayeni wezinto ezibusontathu 3D Iimfundo ezi- 2 Izinto ezibu- Ukubona nokutjho izinto Ukubona nokutjho izinto Abafundi basebenza ngeembholo begodu ngezinto ezinesibumbeko sontathu ezibusontathu 3-D ezibusontathu 3-D esifana neembholo, begodu nezinye izinto ezinesibumbeko esifana (3-D) ezingetlasini begodu ezingetlasini begodu nerekhthengelaamaphrizimu nofana amakhyubsi. Abafundi bangenza into neenthombeni neenthombeni yokutjhelela nofana ngokuphatha ngokujayelekileko ngokubeka ibhoksi ngakelinye • Ubujamo bebhola • Ubujamo bebhola ihlangothi lencwadi ekulu. Abafundi barhubhulula bonyana ngiziphi izinto (indulungu) (indulungu) ezigedekako, nezitjheleleko • Ubujamo bebhoksi • Ubujamo bebhoksi (iphrizimu) (iphrizimu) Amatshwayo wezinto Amatshwayo wezinto Ukuhlathulula, ukubeka Ukuhlathulula, ukubeka ngeengaba nokumadanisa ngeengaba nokumadanisa Abafundi bangarhubhulula godu bonyana bangakhgona ukupakelanisa nofana izinto ezibusontathu 3-D izinto ezibusontathu 3-D benze imibhotjhongo ngokusebenzisa iimbholo zodwa nofana amabhoksi wodwa ngokuya: ngokuya : Ngesikhathi sokuzijamela abafundi bangakghona ukuragela phambili ngoku: • ngobukhulu • ngobukhulu • hlela izinto ngokuya ngobungako; • ngombala • ngombala • hlela izinto ngokuya ngobungako; ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 • ngezinto ezigedekako • ngezinto ezigedekako • ukwakha ngezinto; begodu • ngezinto ezitjhelelako • ngezinto ezitjhelelako • ukwenza iimbholo nofana amabhoksi ngomdaka nofana ngahlama yokudlala. Imisetjenzana Ukukhumbula nokutjho iimbholo (iindulungu) begodu namabhoksi enqophiweko ( amaphrizimu) Tjheja begodu wakhe Abafundi baragela phambili ngokubona begodu bahlathulule izinto zeJiyomethri izinto ezibusontathu nezangamalanga ngokutjho bonyana zinesibumbeko esifana nebholo nofana 3-D ezinikelweko ibhoksi, isib. Isitina lesi sinobujamo obufana bebhoksi nofana ilamuna leli linobujamo ngokusebenzisa obufana nebholo. amamathiriyelii aphathekako afana namabhulogo Imisebenzi etlolwako wokwakha, ukubuyelela Umsebenzi owenziwako ngezinto za 3D ufanele uhlanganiswe ngokutlola usebenzise godu imatheriyali imisebenzi. namakhidi wokwakha ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
UBUDE IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO BESIKHATHI AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA : IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu KONYAKA YESI-3 CAPS namaminithi ama -24) 3.3 Imihlobohlobo yobujamo Akukanqotjhiswa emajamweni wabobusobubili (2-D) eThemini yesi-3. Kodwana, Amajamo Ukubona nokutjho ubujamo abafundi bangaragela phambili benze iinthombe ngokusika amajamo wabosombili abobusobu- obubusobubili (2-D) nofana batlola imisebenzi ngesikhathi sokusebenza ngokuzijamela eeMbalweni bili nofana kemaKghono wePilo. • Iindulungu (2-D) • Aboncantathu • Iinkwere Ubujamo bebumbeko Ukuhlathulula, ukuhlela nokumadanisa ubujamo obubusobubili (2-D ): • Ubukhulu • Umbala • ibumbeko • amahlangothi anqophileko • amahlangothi arondo 3.4 Isimethri Isimethri Abafundi bafanele baqale imida yamasimethri ezintweni eziphathekako Isifundo-1 Isimethri Ukukhumbula isimethri Ukukhumbula isimethri neenthonjeni. emzimbeni wakhe emzimbeni wakhe Imisebenzi etlolwako ifanele ingabi ngileyo yokutlola kwaphela, kodwana ifanele • Ukukhumbula nokugwala • Ukukhumbula nokugwala ifake iimbonelo lapho abafundi bagwala khona umuda wesimethri emahlangothini umuda wesimethri umuda wesimethri woke wamajamo weJiyomethri, abantantathu, begodu namajamo angasiwo emajamweni wejiyimethri emajamweni wejiyimethri weJiyomethri, isib. Ukugwala umuntu. wabobusobubili wabobusobubili • (2-D) begodu • (2-D) begodu nemajamweni nemajamweni angasiwo weJiyomethri angasiwo weJiyomethri wabobusobubili (2-D) wabobusobubili (2-D) 177 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
IGREYIDI YOKU-1 ITHEMU YESI-3 4. UKUMEDA 178 UBUDE IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO BESIKHATHI AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA : IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu KONYAKA YESI -3 namaminithi ama -24) 4.1 Ukudlula kwesikhathi Abafundi bafanele bafunde bonyana kukhulunywa njani : Isikhathi Kukhulunywa ngokudlula • ngokulandelanisa izehlakalo begodu kwesikhathi • nangobude besikhathi • Hlela izehlakalo Abafundi baragela phambili ukuhlanganisa iindlela zokukhuluma ngesikhathi eziqhelekileko ezisuke ngamalanga ngesikhathi sokufundisa itlasi loke nofana ngesikhathi sokufundisa epilweni yabo isiqhema esinqotjhiweko. • Ukumadanisa ubude Abafundi bakhuluma bebaphendule imibuzo ephathelene nokuthi izinto zenzeka nini, besikhathi ngokusebenzisa ngokusebenzisa ilimi njengokuthi ekuseni, ngemuva kwamadina, ebusuku, ekuseni ilimi isib.isikhathi eside, khulu, emuva kwesikhathi. isikhathi esifitjhani, Abafundi balandelanisa izehlakalo ngokusebenzisa ilimi njengokuthi izolo, msinyana, kabuthaka. namhlanje, kusasa; amalanga weveke begodu neenyanga zonyaka. • Ukulandelanisa izehlakalo Abafundi bamadanisa ubude besikhathi ngokusebenzisa ilimi njengokuthi isikhathi ngokusebenzisa eside nofana isikhathi esifitjhani begodu msinyana nofana buthaka. ilimi elinjekuthi izolo, ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 namhlanje, kusasa. Abafundi bakhuluma ngokuhlela izehlakalo zepilo yabo. :Bahlela godu ukulandelana kweenthombe njengokuthi Ukutjho isikhathi • amagadango wokwenza iimbedlezwana nofana ikopi letiye; • Ukuhlathulula nangabe kwenzeka into • iinthombe ezitjengisa ukukhula kwesana belibe mumuntu okhulileko; ngokusebenzisa ilimi • umzombelezo wepilo yeembandana, isib. Iqanda liba yikukhu, nofana iqanda liba isib. ekuseni,ngemuva sirhwerhwe nofana iqanda liba iviyaviyani;begodu kwedina, ebusuku, • izehlakalo eziqhelileko zelanga ( ukuvuka, ukuba sesikolweni, ukudlala, ukudla ekuseni khulu, ngemuva kwamadina, ukulala). kwesikhathi. Ragela phambili ukubeka amalanga wamabeletho ekhalendeni umnyaka woke • Ukwazi amalanga weveke, • Ukwazi iinyanga zonyaka. • Ukubeka amalanga wamabeletho ekhalendeni ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
UBUDE IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO BESIKHATHI AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA : IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu CAPS KONYAKA YESI -3 namaminithi ama -24) 4.2 Ukulinganisa Ukulinganisa Khuyini ukumeda okuhlukileko eThemini yesi-3? Ubude okungakahleleki okungakahleleki Zoke iimedo egreyidini yoku-1 azikahleleki. Akukafaneli bonyana kwenziwe ukumeda • Ukumadanisa nokuhlela • Ukulinganisa, ukumeda, okuhlelekileko bobungako kusetjenziswa imivosimedo ejayelekileko. ubude, ukuphakama ukumadanisa, ukuhlela EThemini yoku-1 kuphakanyiswe bonyana abafundi banqophe nofana ububanzi bezinto begodu urekhode • ekumadaniseni okunqophileko kobungako bezinto ngokuzibeka enye hlanu ezimbili nofana ezinengi ubudeusebenzise iimedo kwenye ngokuzibeka enye eqadi ezingasisezingeni • ukuhlela nokumadanisa ubungako nofana ukuphakama nofana ububanzi bezinto kwenye. isib. Ubude besandla, ezintathu nofana ezinengi ngokubeka izinto ngazimbili enye hlanu kwenye, • Ukusebenzisa igadango, ubude bekufike lapho zoke izinto zilandelaniswe khona; begodu ilimi ukukhuluma bepensela, izinto • Ukuthuthukisa ilimi lokukhuluma ngemahluko yobungako, ukuphakama nofana ngokumadanisa, isib. zokubala, njll. ububanzi, njll ubude, ubufitjhani, Ngesikhathi sokusebenza ngokuzijamela ethemini yoke, abafundi bangazijayeza ububanzi. begodu bahlanganise ukuhlela nokumadanisa ubude nofana ukuphakama nofana • Ukulinganisa, ukumeda, ububanzi bezinto ezintathu nofana ezinengi, ngokubeka izinto ngazimbili ezinye ukumadanisa, ukuhlela hlanu kwezinye, bekufike lapho zoke izinto zilandelaniswe khona. Woke umsebenzi begodu urekhode ubude ufanele urekhodwe. usebenzise iimedo EThemini yesi-3 abafundi banganqopha ekwenzeni ukumeda okungakahleleki ezingasisezingeni ngokusebenzisa ubungako bamayunithi obungakahleleki. isib. Ubude besandla, Ukumeda okungakahleleki kobude ngokusebenzisa amayunithi wobude igadango, ubude angakahleleki. bepensela, izinto Abafundi bangafunda woke amakambisolawulo begodu nokuprakthisa ukumeda zokubala, njll. ngokusebenzisa amayunithi angasi sezingeni. Ukumeda okungakahleleki bamayunithi kufanele kungathathwa njengokunyazekako kunokumeda ngamayunithi asezingeni. Ukumeda ubude bamayunithi angasisezingeni kufaka ukubala bonyana mangaki amayunithi akhethiweko afanako ngobude njengezinto ezimedwako.Isibonelo, ubude bedeski bububude bezandla ezi-8. Abafundi bafanele bemede imihlobo eminengi yezinto ngokusebenzisa imihlobo yezinto njengamayunithiangakahleleki Zintathu iindlela zokusebenzisa amayunithi angakahleleki • Ukubeka ngereyi entweni emedwako izinto ezimedako zobude obulinganako, njengamabhoksana womlilo, iimvadlwana zamabhodlela ezinobujamo obufana patsi nofana izinto zokubala, amapensela amatjha, njll. Isibonelo, ukumeda ububanzi bedeski, amapensela amatjha angabekwa ngokulandelana ukusuka ekuthomeni ukufika ekugcineni uvundle itafula. Lapha kuqakathekile bonyana • Zoke izinto zinobude obulinganako. Angekhe utjho bonyana incwadi yakho inobubanzi beemuvalo zamabhodlelo webisi ali-12 nangabe iimvalo zamabhodlelo 179 zinobukhulu obungalinganiko, isib. Iimvalo zamabhodlelo webisi ezimalitha ama-2, iimvalo zamabhodlelo wenamaneyidi weplastiki, iimvalo zamabhodlelo wesimbi, njll; begodu ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO BESIKHATHI AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA : IMINQOPHO YETHEMU 180 YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu KONYAKA YESI -3 namaminithi ama -24) 4.2 Ukulinganisa Ukulinganisa • Akunankhala ezitjhiywa hlangana nezinto : zifanele zipakelwe ngokulandelana Iimfundo zesi-2 Ubude okungakahleleki okungakahleleki ukuze zithintane • Ukumadanisa nokuhlela • Ukulinganisa, ukumeda, • Sebenzisa izinto ezimbili ezifana patsi njengamayunithi angasi sezingeni. Beka ubude, ukuphakama ukumadanisa, ukuhlela yinye hlanu kwenye, bese ukhambisa yokuthoma uyise kelinye ihlangothi lesibili. nofana ububanzi bezinto begodu urekhode Lokhu kwenziwa nakumedwa ngobude besandla, ubude benyawo nofana ezimbili nofana ezinengi ubudeusebenzise iimedo amagadango ngokuzibeka enye eqadi ezingasisezingeni • Ukusebenzisa into eyodwa kwaphela njengesimedo esingasisezingeni begodu kwenye. isib. Ubude besandla, ngokuyigeda nofana ukumerega lapho iphelela khona ngaphambi kokuyigeda. • Ukusebenzisa igadango, ubude Abafundi bafanele bafundiswe ukutjho iyunithi, isib. Incwadi inobubanzi beemuvalo ilimi ukukhuluma bepensela, izinto zebhodlelo ezi-12, ikumba yokufundela inobude obumagadango ama-38. ngokumadanisa, isib. zokubala, njll. Lokha abafundi nasele bamede ngananyana ngiyiphi iyunithi amahlandla ambala, ubude, ubufitjhani, bafanele balinganise bonyana ingaba nobude obungangani beyunithi into efanele ububanzi. imedwe • Ukulinganisa, ukumeda, Abafundi bafanele bafundiswe bonyana ukuze nimadanise ubude, ukuphakama ukumadanisa, ukuhlela nanyana ububanzi iyunithi efana patsi ifanele isetjenziswe. Isib.nangabe ububanzi begodu urekhode ubude bomnyango omedweko bububude besandla obu-20 begodu ububanzi bedeski usebenzise iimedo bububude bamapensela a-8, angekhe utjho bonyana umnyango ubanzi kunedeski. ezingasisezingeni ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 isib. Ubude besandla, Abafundi bafanele bamede ngamayunithi angakahleleki ahlukahlukeneko, ukuze igadango, ubude bakghone bepensela, izinto • ukuthoma ukuzwisisa bonyana lokha iyunithi nayiyincani , izokusetjenziswa zokubala, njll. amahlandla amanengana ,isib. ububanzi bekumba yokufundela bungaba magadango ama-20 kodwana kube bubude beenyawo obuma-48. • Thoma ukusebenzisa amayunithi afanele lokho abakumedako, isib. Ukumeda ububanzi bekumba yokufundela ngeemuvalo zamabhodlelo kukumorosa isikhathi. Ukurekhoda iimedo Nanyana ukumeda kulikghono lokuzijayeza ukwenza, abafundi bafanele barekhode iimedo zabo ngaso soke isikhathi. Ukumeda ubude njengobujamo bokurarulula imiraro begodu nokubala Ngesikhathi esibekelwe Iinomboro, imiSebenzi noBudlelwana, abafundi bangararulula imiraro esebenzisa ubujamo bobude beemedo ezingakahleleki, isib. Ibhoksi lesibha sephuphu sokuvasa linokuphakama kweenthoro zomlili ezi-8. Ibhoksi lesiriyeli linokuphakama kweenthoro zomlilo ezi-13. Liphakame kangangani ibhoksi lamasiriyeli kunebhoksi lesibha sepuphu sokuvasa? Yelela irherho leenomboro ezifaneleko zeThemu, nemihlobo ehlukahlukeneko ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) yeenkinga zeThemu
UBUDE IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO BESIKHATHI AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA : IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu CAPS KONYAKA YESI -3 namaminithi ama -24) 4.3 Ukumeda okungakahleleki Zoke iimedo egreyidini yoku-1 azikahleleki. Akukafaneli bonyana kwenziwe ukumeda Ubungako/ • Ukulinganisa, ukumeda, okuhlelekileko bobungako kusetjenziswa imivosimedo ejayelekileko. ukumadanisa, ukuhlela, EThemini yoku-1 kuphakanyiswe bonyana abafundi banqophe ubudisi bekurekhodwe ubungako, • ekumadaniseni okunqophileko kobungako bezinto ; ngokusetjenzisa iimedo • ukuhlela nokumadanisa ubungako bezinto ezintathu nofana ezinengi ngokubeka ezingakahleleki begodu izinto ngazimbili zidzimelele, bekufike lapho zoke izinto zilandelaniswe khona; nesikala sokudzimelela begodu isib. Amabhulogo, iintina njll. • Ukuthuthukisa ilimi lokukhuluma ngemahluko yobungako • Ukusebenzisa Ngesikhathi sokusebenza ngokuzijamela ethemini yoke, abafundi bangazijayeza ilimi ukukhuluma begodu bahlanganise ukuhlela nokumadanisa ubungako bezinto ezintathu nofana ngokumadanisa isib. ezinengi, ngokubeka izinto ngazimbili zidzimelele, bezifike lapho zoke izinto elula, ebudisi, elula-khulu, zilandelaniswe khona. ebudisi-khulu. Woke umsebenzi ufanele urekhodwe. 181 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO BESIKHATHI AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA : IMINQOPHO YETHEMU 182 YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu KONYAKA YESI -3 namaminithi ama -24) 4.4 Ukumeda okungakahleleki Zoke iimedo egreyidini yoku-1 azikahleleki Akukafaneli bonyana kwenziwe ukumeda Umthamo/ • Ukumadanisa okuhlelekileko bobungako kusetjenziswa imivosimedo ejayelekileko. Ivolumu nokuhlela ubungako Ukufikela nje phakathi konyaka umnqopho womthamo/ ivolumu bekuku okusamanzi (umthamo) • thuthukisa ilimi ngokukhuluma ngomthamo/ ngevolumu; okuseemumathini ezimbili ezibekwe esinye • ukumadanisa amavolumu eemumathini ezimbili ezifanako; and eduze nesinye. Abafundi • ukumadanisa amavolumu eemumathini ezinobubanzi obuhlukahlukeneko, bahlola ngokuthi bathele ngokuthela esimumathini sesithathu. esimumathini sesithathu nakutlhogekako. Qala amanothi weThemu yesi-2 • Ukumadanisa Abafundi bangazijayeza begodu bahlanganise imiqondo le ngesikhathi sokusebenza nokuhlela ubungako ngayedwana. beketjezi/okusamanzi okungathathwa ziimumathi ezimbili nazizeleko • (umthamo) • Ukusebenzisa ilimi ukukhuluma ngokumadanisa isib. ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 enengi kune, encani kune, encani, izele, edududu. • Ukulinganisa nokumeda; Ukumadanisa nokuhlela bewurekhode umthamo ongeemumathini ngokusebenzisa izinto zokumeda ezingakahleleki isib. Iingobho neenkomitji. ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
IGREYIDI YOKU-1 ITHEMU YESI-3 5. UKUPHATHA IDATHA UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI CAPS NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO : IMINQOPHO YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YETHEMU YESI -3 namaminithi ama -24) UKUSEBENZA NGEBUTHELELO LEZINTO 5.1 Ukubuthelela nokuhlela Ukuhlukanisa Ukubuthelela izinto ngemihlobo ngemihlobo nokuhlukanisa Ukubuthelela nokuhlela Ukuhlukanisa ngemihlobo izinto ngemihlobo ngemihlobo kwezinto eziphathekako ibuthelelo lwezinto ngamalanga akusese munqopho onqophileko 5.2 Ukujamiselela ibuthelelo engcenyeni yesibili Ukujamiselela lezinto elihlelekileko yonyaka. ibuthelelo lezinto Ukugwala isithombe Kodwana, inganikelwa elihlelekileko sezinto ezihleleke njengemisetjhenzana ngemihlobo engakavami ngesikhathi 5.3 Coca bewubike sokusebenza ngokuhlelwa kwezinto ngokuzijamela. Coca bewubike ngokuhlelwa ezibuthelelweko Umnqopho kwezinto • Nikela ngesizathu ophakamisiweko ezibuthelelweko lobonyana ibuthelelo ethemini –3 umzombe lihlelwe bunjani wokuphatha idatha: bona okulandelako. • Phendula imibuzo ngo: -- kuhlukanisa ngemihlobo kwenziwe njani (indlela yekambiso) -- hlukaniso ngemihlobo libukeka bunjani (umkhiqizo) • Coca ngebuthelelo nemigwalo • Hlathulula bonyana ibuthelelo lihleleke 183 bunjani Ukusebenza ngedatha ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 184 : IIMFUNEKO : IMINQOPHO YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YETHEMU YESI -3 namaminithi ama -24) 5.4 Ukubuthelela nokuhlela Ukubuthelela Umnqopho ophakamisiweko: Umzombe opheleleko wokuphatha idatha Isifundo 3 Ukubuthelela idatha nokuhlela idatha Emzombeni wokuphatha idatha nokuhlela idatha • Buthelela idatha Buthelela idatha • Abefundi babuthelela ilwazi ukuphendula imibuzo. Eemfundweni ezisisekelo yetlasi nofana yesikolo yetlasi nofana yesikolo nasemabangeni aphakathi umbuzo lo ujwayeleke ukunikelwa ngutitjhere nofana incwadi ukuphendula imibuzo ukuphendula imibuzo yokufundisa. ebuzwa ngutitjhere ebuzwa ngutitjhere • Abefundi bahlukanisa ngemihlobo bebajamisele ilwazi ngezindlela ezenza kubelula ukuhlaziya. Umhlobo wokujamisela lowo abefundi begreyidi -1 bazijayeza yona igrafu Jamiselela idatha yeentombe; godu 5.5 Ukujamiselela idatha • Ukujamiselela idatha • Abefundi bahlaziya ilwazi egrafini yeenthombe ngokuphendula imibuzo ebuzwe Ukujamiselela Ukujamiselela idatha gegrafi yeenthombe. ngutitjhere. idatha gegrafi yeenthombe. Igrafu yeenthombe yeklasi Ukuhlaziya Egreyidini yo-1 kuqakathekile ukuthoma, UkuPhatha iDatha ngokwenza igrafu yesithombe bewurhumutjhe seklasi. 5.6 Ukuhlaziya Ukusebenzisana njengetlasini, kusiza abefundi ukuzibandakanya kizozoke iingaba idatha Ukuhlaziya bewurhumutjhe idatha zekambiso ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa mininingwana yananyana ngiliphi izinga. • Ukuphendula bewurhumutjhe Ukuphendula imibuzo • Ukwenza igrafu kuvumela utitjhere bonyana ukunqophisa abafundi ngamahlangothi imibuzo ngedatha idatha ngedatha esegrafini abalulekileko wokuphathwa kwedatha begodu nangalokho abadinga ukukwazi esegrafini yeenthombe ngokuqakatheka kwesimo segrafu yeenthombe yeenthombe ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 • Igrafu ilebulwa kuphi godu bunjani (isihloko segrafu) • Iingaba zilebulwa kuphi godu bunjani • Igrafu yeentombe ithloga ukuba nento ehlathulula bonyana isithombe ngasinye simayelana nani. • Iinthombe nofana iinkhala zenthombe zithloga ukuba bukhulu obufanako. • Zibekwa bunjani iinthombe ngokulinganako emareyini. • Ifundwa bunjani igrafu Ukusebenza emzombeni wedatha epheleleko kungathatha iinfundo ezimbalwa. Buthelela, uhlele bewujamiselele idatha Abotitjhere abasesigabeni kufanele bakhethe iinhloko ezahlukeneko ezenzelwe ukubuthelela idatha nokuhlaziya egreyidini ngayinye. Abotitjhere abasesigabeni kufanele baqinisekise bonyana iinhloko ezahlukeneko zikhethelwe ukubuthelela idatha nokuhlaziya egreyidini ngayinye. Iinbonelo ezifaneleko ezifaka hlangana ukuhlela kabutjha itjhadi lobujamo bezulu beenyanga ezidlulileko ukwakha igrafu yeenthombe nofana igrafu yelanga lamabeletho labafundi. Hlaziya idatha Abafundi baphendula imibuzo njenge: “Ngumhlobo muphi wobujamo bezulu bebubunengi khulu enyangeni le?” ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) “Ngumhlobo muphi wobujamo bezulu bebubuncani khulu enyangeni le?” “Sibe namalanga amangaki anelanga ukudla amalanga anamafu?” Ukusebenza emzombeni wedatha epheleleko kungathatha iinfundo ezimbalwa.
IGREYIDI YOKU-1 ITHEMU YESI- 4 1. IINOMBORO, AMA-OPHARETJHINI NOBUDLELWANA CAPS UBUDE IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO BESIKHATHI IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA IMINQOPHO YETHEMU yesi-4 YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu KONYAKA namaminithi ama -24) UKUTHUTHUKISA UMQONDO NOMBORO : Ukubala ngeenomboro ezibanzi 1.1 Ukubala iinomboro Ukubala izinto ngokuthembeka Yini umehluko kuneThemini yesi 3? Ukubala ngokuthembeka kufika ema 50 kufika ema 50 ETheminin ye 4, abafundi bangezelela irherho lokubala. Kusese nomqopho izinto Nikela ukulinganisa Nikela ukulinganisa wokuzwisisa umthetho wekhadinalithi. NgeThemu le, abafundi kufanele okuzwakalako kwenani lezinto okuzwakalako kwenani lezinto bafunde bona bangazibeka njani izinto ngerherho lokha nababalako ezingahlolwa ngokubala ezingahlolwa ngokubala. ukwenzela bona bahlole ukubala kwabo, ihlelo leli lisiza abafundi ukubala lula khulu. Isibonelo: Iimbali zingabekwa zibe mareyi. NgeThemu le, abafundi baragela phambili nokulula amakghono wabo wokubala begodu bazijayeza: • Ukubala kokel; • Ukubala baragele phambili; • Umthetho weenomboro wekhadinalithi; noku • Sebenza ngemitlolo etloliweko. Abafundi kufanele benze ubudlelwano phakathi kokubala kwe – odinali ne khadinali. Lokhu kuba yipumelelo lokha nabalemukako bona ukulisa ukubala lokha ufika entweni yama 50, kutjho bonyana bazabe sebabale 50 yezinto. Sikhatheso, sebayazi gadesi bona indlela umuntu abala ngayo izinto, ayithikamezi ukubala. Ukubala ngeenqhema Ukusiza abafundi bona babale ngamakhefu wakubili, hlanu na li 10, kufanele babuthelele izinto nga zi 2, 5 na li 10. Ikarada lenomboro kufanele libekwe kwelinye nelinye ibuthelelo ukutjengisa inani lezinto ezibaliweko. Ukubala ngeenqhema kuzakulungisa abafundi bona bazwisise ukubuyabuyelela noku balisisa. Ekupheleni kweThemu abafundi kufanele bakghone ukukhumbula ibuthelelo ngokuhlukanisa inomboro phakathi. Isibonelo : “ngiyazi bonyana ngu li 10 ngoba ngibeke u ku 4 ngakelinye ihlanbothi no si 6 ngakwelinye”. Iinsetjenziswa : Kufanele bona kutjhejwe begodu kuthlogonyelwe ihlobo leensetjenziswa eziberegiswako. • Iinsetjenziswa ezisasakhiwo, njengentambo yemincamo yokubala, ingasetjenziswa. • I-abhakhasi ingasetjenziswa ukubala ngeenqhema ezingalitjhumi. • Abafundi bangenza iinyanda zaku 2, iinyanda zaku 5 neenyanda zali 185 tjhumi beseke babala koke ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA 186 IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu KONYAKA namaminithi yesi-4 ama -24) 1.2 Ukubala uye phambili nemuva Ukubala uye phambili Yini umehluko kuneThemini yesi 1? Ukubala uye nga: nemuva nga: EThemini ye 4, abafundi babala ngamakhefu wali 10, 5 naku 2 kufika e 100. phambili • Ku-1 ukusuka kwenye nenye • Ku-1 ukusuka kwenye Ukubala bngamakhefu kuba likghono eliqakathekileko elizakusetjenziswa nemuva inomboro hlangana ne-0 ne-100 nenye inomboro bafundi eGreyidini yesi 2 neyesi 3 begodu izasiza abafundi lokha nabenza Ukubala uye phambili nga: hlangana ne-0 ne-100 ukubalisisa kwabo. • Li-10 ukusuka kesinye nesinye Ukubala uye phambili Ekupheleni kweThemu abafundi kufanele bakwazi uku: isibuyabuyelelo se-10 hlangana nga: Bala nehloko begodu baphendule imibuzo imibuzo efana nokuthi : ne-0 ne-100 • Li-10 ukusuka • Thoma ema 52, bala uye phambili ngakunye kufika ema 72. • Ku-5 ukusuka kesinye nesinye kesinye nesinye • Thoma ema 88 begodu ubale uye emuva ngakunye kufika ema 70. isibuyabuyelelo saka ku-5 isibuyabuyelelo se-10 hlangana ne-0 ne-100 • Thoma ema 38 begodu ubale ngakubili kufika ema 50. hlangana ne-0 ne-100 • Ku-5 ukusuka • Thoma ema 45 begodu ubale ngakuhlanu kufika e 100. • Ku-2 ukusuka kesinye nesinye isibuyabuyelelo saka ku-2 kesinye nesinye • Thoma e 10 begodu ubale nga litjhumi kifika e 100. hlangana ne-0 ne-100 isibuyabuyelelo saka Abafundi kufanele bakgone ukusebenzisa amakghono wabo wokubala ku-5 hlangana ne-0 emisebenzini etloliweko. isibonelo: ne-100 • Kopulula begodu ukhulise ukulandelana okulula kweenomboro ukufika ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 • Ku-2 ukusuka okungasenani kwezili 100. Bona isigaba samaphetheni weenomboro kesinye nesinye isibuyabuyelelo saka ku-2 hlangana ne-0 ne-100 ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
UBUDE IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu KONYAKA CAPS namaminithi yesi-4 ama -24) 1.3 Ukwazi nokufunda iinomboro Ukwazi nokufunda Yini umehluko kuneThemini yesi 3? Amatswayo • Ukwazi nokufunda amatshwayo iinomboro ETheminin ye 4, irherho leenomboro lingezeleleka lifike e 100. Ukutlola weenom- weenomboro 0 kuya e 100 • Ukwazi nokufunda amatshwayo namagama weenomboro kuyaqinisekiswa ethemini le. Alikho boro • Ukutlola amatshwayo amatshwayo ilwazi elitjha elifundwako. Kuqakathekile ukutjheja bona ukulinganisa nokubala namagama weenomboro 0 kuya ema 20 weenomboro 0 kuya kudzimelele khulu ekusebenziseni amagama weenomboro. Abafundi kuthlogeka weenom- e 100 bona basebenzise, batjho bebatlole amagama weenomboro ngeendlela ezinengi • Ukwazi nokufunda amatshwayo boro • Ukutlola amatshwayo ngokungakghoneka ngakho. weenomboro 1 kuya e 10 weenomboro 0 kuya Ekupheleni kweThemu, kufanele bakghone ukwenza imihlobo elandelako • Ukutlola amagama weenomboro ema 20 yemisetjenzana: 1 kuya e 10. • Ukwazi nokufunda Ukumetjhisa amatshwayo weenomboro, amagama weenomboro nofana amatshwayo iinthombe zezinto weenomboro 1 kuya Ikarada leli lithi si 6 Liyini leli ikarada? e 10 • Ukutlola amagama 6 11 weenomboro 1 kuya e 10. Metjhisa amagama nezinto Kunye  Kubili ã ã ã  Kuthathu ì   Kune ëëëëë Kuhlanu  Sithandathu õõ Likhomba ðððððð Bunane ø ø ø ø  Lithoba ööööööö 187 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA 188 IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu KONYAKA namaminithi yesi-4 ama -24) 1.4 Hlela begodu umadanise izinto Ngokuhlela nokumadanisa izinto neenomboro, abafundi bafunde bonyana: ezifika ema 20. • Ihlangothi lomraro lenomboro yekhadinali lisetjenziselwa ukuhlathulula Ukuhlathu- • Madanisa ibuthelelo lezinto lula, uku- inomboro esedeni. mayelana nokuthi zinengi, madanisa mbadlwana, ezinengi, ncani Yini umehluko kuneThemini yesi 3? nokuhlela khulu; dluleleko kuna,ncani kuna; Abafundi bavezelwa eenimborweni ezima -odinali. iinomboro okufanako na, nje okunengi Ekupheleni kweThemu nonyaka abafundi kufanele bakghone ukusebenzisa ilimi nganga, hlukileko lokuhlela nokumadanisa ngeendlela ezilandelako: • Hlela ibuthelelo lezinto kusukela • Kokuthoma, kwesibili, kwesithathu, kwesine, kwesihlanu, kwezinengi ukuya kwezincani khulu nakusuka kwezincani khulu kwesithandathu………….. ukuya kwezinengi. • Kungaki ………… • Izinto ezihlukahlukenekoezifika • Kunengi ngange, inomboro efanako ne… ema 20 • Kulingana na, nengi kuna, gaphasi kuna, lidlanzana kuna, khulu kuna, ncani Ukuhlela nokumadanisa kuna, khulu kuna………… iinomboro • Hlela iinomboro : • Hlela , kokuthoma, kokugcina, ngaphambie, emuva kwe, duze na, phakathi -- Kusuka kwencani khulu ukuya kwe kwekulu khulu nakusuka • Iinomboro kwekulu khulu ukuya kwencani • Kokuthoma, kwesibili, kwesithathu, kwesine, kwesihlanu, khulu kwesithandathu………….. ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 -- Ngaphambi , ngemuva, phakathi, /hlangana • Kungaki ………… -- Ngokusebenzisa inamba layini • Kunengi ngange, inomboro efanako ne… ye 0 kufika ema 20 • Kulingana na, nengi kuna, gaphasi kuna, lidlanzana kuna, khulu kuna, ncani • Madanisa iinomboro ezipheleleko kuna, khulu kuna………… mayelana nencani kuna, ekulu • Hlela , kokuthoma, kokugcina, ngaphambie, emuva kwe, duze na, phakathi kuna, enengi kuna, ncani kuna, kulingana na kwe • Kunye nakunye okukhambelanako • Irherho leenomboro kufika ema • Faka umbala osarulani endulungwini yesihlanu. 20 • Faka umbala obomvu endulungwini yokuthoma. Sebenzisa iinomboro ezima – odinali ukubonisa ukuhleleka , • Faka umbala ohlaza sasibhakabhaka endulungwini yobunane. indawo nofana ubujamo Abafundi kufanele baphendule imibuzo efana nokuthi • Hlela izinto ngomuda / ngelayini • Ngubani wokuthoma ereyini? kusuka kweyokuthoma • Ngubani wesibili emudeni? ukuya kweyetjhumi nofana • UMthunzi unamapensela wamakhrayoni ama 5 . UKali unamapensela kweyokuthoma ukuya kweyokugcina isib yokuthoma, wamakhrayoni abu 8. yesibili, yesithathu … yetjhumi, • Ngubani onamapensela wamakhrayoni alidlanzana? yokugcina. (iinomboro ezima • Nginikela inomboro phakathi kwe 15 ne 17? -odinali) ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) • Tlola phasi iinomboro ezihlanga ku 4 ne 10 Ihlangothi lemiraro yeenomboro • 1, 2, 3, 4, _, _, _, _, _, 10 ezima- odinali zerherho elithoma kweyokuthoma ukuya kweyetjhumi. • Zalisa iinomboro ezingekho
UBUDE IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu KONYAKA CAPS namaminithi yesi-4 ama -24) 1.4 Hlela begodu umadanise izinto Ngaphambili Iinomboro Emuva ezifika ema 20. Ukuhlathu- • Madanisa ibuthelelo lezinto 17 lula, uku- mayelana nokuthi zinengi, madanisa mbadlwana, ezinengi, ncani 12 nokuhlela khulu; dluleleko kuna,ncani kuna; 14 iinomboro okufanako na, nje okunengi nganga, hlukileko 9 • Hlela ibuthelelo lezinto kusukela kwezinengi ukuya kwezincani 6 khulu nakusuka kwezincani khulu Tlola iinomboro lezi ngokulandelana kusuka kekulu khulu ukya kencani khulu. ukuya kwezinengi. • Izinto ezihlukahlukenekoezifika Tlola iinomboro lezi ngokulandelana kusuka kencani khulu ukuya kekulu khulu . ema 20 Tlola iinomboro lezi kusuka kencani khulu ukuya kekulu khulu. Ukuhlela nokumadanisa Kopulula begodu uqedelele ngokusebenzisa amagama athi muncani no iinomboro munengi: • Hlela iinomboro : -- Kusuka kwencani khulu ukuya • Ama-35 _______ kunama-38 kwekulu khulu nakusuka • Ama-79 __________kunama-65 kwekulu khulu ukuya kwencani khulu Ukwazi bona inomboro engaphambili yincani ngayinye nokuthi inomboro -- Ngaphambi , ngemuva, engemuva yikulu ngakunye. phakathi, /hlangana Abafundi kufanele baphendule imibuzo efana nokuthi : -- Ngokusebenzisa inamba layini ye 0 kufika ema 20 • Ngiyiphi inomboro eza ngaphambi kwe-17? • Madanisa iinomboro ezipheleleko • Ngiyiphi inomboro eza ngemuva kwama-82? mayelana nencani kuna, ekulu kuna, enengi kuna, ncani kuna, • Zalisa ngeenomboro ezingekho enambalayini. kulingana na   • Kunye nakunye 85   86   87   88   89   90   91   92   93   94   95   okukhambelanako • Irherho leenomboro kufika ema Beka amakarada weenomboro alandelako ngokuhlelekileko: 20 • Ngiziphi iinomboro ezitholakala phakathi kwama-25 nama-30? Sebenzisa iinomboro ezima – odinali ukubonisa ukuhleleka , • Nginikela inomboro edlula ama-76 nga-1? indawo nofana ubujamo • Nginikela inomboro edlula ama-76 ngaku-2? • Hlela izinto ngomuda / ngelayini kusuka kweyokuthoma • Ngiyiphi inomboro encani ngaku-1 kuna- 45? ukuya kweyetjhumi nofana • Ngiyiphi inomboro encani ngaku-2 kuna-39? kweyokuthoma ukuya kweyokugcina isib yokuthoma, yesibili, yesithathu … yetjhumi, yokugcina. (iinomboro ezima -odinali) Ihlangothi lemiraro yeenomboro 189 ezima- odinali zerherho elithoma kweyokuthoma ukuya kweyetjhumi. ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA 190 IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu KONYAKA namaminithi yesi-4 ama -24) 1.5 Ukukhumbula ubukhulu bedijithi Yini umehluko kuneThemini yesi-3? Ubukhulu beenomboro zamadijithi amabili NgeThemu le, abafundi baragela phambili nokwakha bebathuthukise umqondo bedijithi okungasenani kufika ema 20 wobukhulu badijithi. • Hlukanisa iinomboro zamadijithi EThemini yesi 4,abafundi basebenza ngerherho leenomboro ezikudlwana amabili uzenze amatjhumi nama begodu baragele phambili noku: yunithi isib. Uli- 12 uba li-10 • Bala begodu ubeke ngeenqhema ukwenzela ukwakha isiqhema samatjhumi naku-2 nabo kunye abazijameleko; • Tlola i18 = 1 itjhumi nabo kunye ababu 8 abazijameleko; noku • Bese urekhoda uli 14 = 10 naku 4. Abafundi kufanele baragele phambili nokusebenzisa iinsetjenziswa eziphathekako ngokwenza iinqhema ukwenzela ukwakha amatjhumi begodu nemivo ukuthuthukisa ukuzwisisa bonyana i- 10 lisiqhema sinye setjhumi sabo kunye abazijameleko. ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 Ngokusebenzisa i-abhakhasi, abafundi kufanele bakwazi ukutjengisa : • Itjhumi linye; • Itjhumi linye nabo kunye aba-5; • Itjhumi linye nabo kunye abasi-6; njll Ungalindela bona abafundi baragele phambili nokubala ngakunye ukwenza iinqhema zabo litjhumi. Ebafundini abanengi, kuzakuba ngiyoyodwa indlela elula ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) yokutjho inomboro nofana yokutjho bona zingaki.
UBUDE IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu KONYAKA CAPS namaminithi yesi-4 ama -24) 1.5 Ukukhumbula ubukhulu bedijithi Amakarada wobukhulu bedijithi/amakarada wamaFladi Ubukhulu beenomboro zamadijithi amabili Amakarada wobukhulu bedijithi kufanele asetjenziswe ethemini le ukutjengisa bedijithi okungasenani kufika ema 20 bona iinomboro zakhiwa bunjani. Amakarada wobukhulu bedijithi angatjengiswa • Hlukanisa iinomboro zamadijithi kanyekanye nenyanda nofana nesiqhema sezinto. amabili uzenze amatjhumi nama Iinsetjenziswa yunithi isib. Uli- 12 uba li-10 Izinto ezingabuthelelwa ndawonye: naku-2 • Iingojwana zokubala • Izinto zokubala ezingathungelelwa ndawonye • Iingojwana zomlilo • Iingojwana ze - ayisikhrimu • Amakhuyubhu angenelanako • Amakarada wobukhulu bedijithi • Imali yokudlala Kuyasiza ukuba neenqhema ezihlala zilungile zamatjhumi ezibekwe bafundi ngeenqhema bazibulunga ngeemumathini. 1.6 Sebenzisa amathekhiniki Yini umehluko kuneThemini yesi 3? Amathek- alandelako lokha nirarulula imiraro Ekupheleni kweThemu le, abafundi bathoma ukurarulula imiraro yamagama hiniki wok- noku hlathulula iinsombululo basebenzisa amathekhiniki alandelako: urarulula zemiraro: • Ukugwala nofana iinsetjenziswa eziphathekako imiraro • Iinsetjenziswa eziphathekako isib. • Ukwakha nofana ukuphula iinomboro Iimbali • Ukubuyelela kabili noku hafula • Iinthombe zokugwala umphumela wendatjana Amanambalayini • Ukwakha nokuphula iinomboro Qala amanothi weThemu yesi-2. • Ukubuyelela kabili noku hafula • Amanambalayini 191 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA 192 IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu KONYAKA namaminithi yesi-4 ama -24) 1.7 Rarulula imiraro yamagama Ekupheleni kweThemu abafundi kufanele bakghone ukwenza/ ukurarulula Ukuh- ezisebujameni bewuhlathulule imiraro efana nale engenzasi. langanisa iinsombululo zakho zemiraro ezifaka Itjhuguluko nokukhupha ukuhlanganisa nokukhupha UNoluthando beka namahabhula ama-5. USilo wamupha amanye amahabhula nempendulo ukufika e-20. abu-8. Sekanamahabhula amangaki nje uNoluthando? UNoluthando beka namahabhula ali-13. Wapha uSilo amahabhula ama-5. Sekanamahabhula amangaki nje uNoluthando? Hlanganisa UNosesi unabomabula aba-5 abahlaza nababu-8 abahlaza kwesibhakabhaka. Unabomabula abangaki sebaboke uNosesi? UNosesi unabomabula abali-13. Aba-5 bahlaza okotjhani kuthi abaseleko babe hlaza kwesibhakabhaka. UNosesi unabomabula abangaki abahlaza kwesibhakabhaka? Ukumadanisa UNosesi unamabhanana ali-13. UThemba unamabhanana ama-5. Amabhanana ka Nosesi adlula wakaThemba ngamabhanana amangaki? ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 1.8 Rarulula imiraro yamagama Ekupheleni kweThemu abafundi kufanele bakghone ukwenza/ ukurarulula Ukuh- ezisebujameni bewuhlathulule imiraro efana nale engenzasi. langanisa iinsombululo zakho zemiraro, Ukuhlanganisa okubuyelelako okubuyele- ezifaka ukuhlanganisa Iintsikiri ezi-4 zinama vili amangaki? lwako okubuyelelweko okurholela ekubuyabuyeleleni nempendulo Isilinganisa okurholela ekubuy- ukufika e-20 UThami usela iinkomitji ezi-2 zebisi ngamalanga. Ziinkomitji ezingaki zebisi abuyeleleni aziselako ngeveke? Amagridi Umnu Khumalo utjala amareyi ama-3 wekhabitjhi. Kuneentjalo ezi-5 ereyini ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) ngalinye. Zingaki iintjalo zekhabitjhi azitjalileko sezizoke?
UBUDE IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu KONYAKA CAPS namaminithi yesi-4 ama -24) 1.9 Ukurarulula imiraro yamagama Ekupheleni kweThemu abafundi kufanele bakghone ukwenza/ ukurarulula Ukubuthele- ezisebujameni bewuhlathulule imiraro efana nale engenzas la nok- iinsombululo zakho ufake Ukubuthelela ngeenqhema wabelana ukwabelana ngokulingana Ukubuthelela , ulahle isalela okurholela nokubuthelela ngeenqema kweenomboro ezipheleleko ukufika • UStela uthengisa amhabhula ngemigodla efaka 3 amhabhula emgodleni ekuhlu- e-20 kanye nempendulo ezingahle ngamunye. Unamhabhula ali 14. Angenza imigodla emingaki efaka ama- apula kaniseni zifaka iinsalela ama 3? Ukubuthelela , ufake hlangana isalela ependulweni • UBeni ufuna ukuyokunikela ugogo wakhe amaqanda ali 15. Uthloga amabhoksi amangaki wokufaka amaqanda asi 6 ukupaka woke amaqanda? Ukwabelana Ukwabelana , ulahle isalela • Ukwabelana abangani aba 3 amaswidi ali 14 ukwenzela bona boke bathole inani elilinganako lamaswidi. Ukwabelana , okurholela emafraktjhinini • Ukwabela abangani aba 3 amatjhokoledi ama 4 ukwenzela bona boke bathole iinqetjhana ezilinganako zetjhokoledi kungabi khona okusalelako. (Abafundi akuthlogeki bonabatjho ingcenye yefratjhini eyodwa kokuthathu. Bangamane bahlathulule ifraktjhini leyo ngobulula ngokuthi “isiqetjhana”okutjho bonyana Amafraktjhini wokubuthelela). 1.11 Ukukhumbula nokubona iinhlamvu Ekupheleni kweThemu abafundi kufanele bakghone ukwenza/ ukurarulula Imali zemali ye Sewula Afrika: 5c, 10c, imiraro efana nale engenzas 20c, 50c, R1, R2, R5, nemali UJobha uthenge ubrotho ngamaranda ali R8. Wabubhadela ngetjhumi lama R10 yamaphepha, R10 ne R20. efasi. Uzakuthola malini itjhentji? Ukurarulula imiraro yemali efaka Unina laka Rosi wathenga isikhafu ngamaranda ali R17. Ubhadale ngama 2 hlangana amanani netjhentji kufika amaranda alitjhumi afasi. Wathola malini itjhentji? ema R20 nangamasende ukufika Ilanga lamabeletho laka Judi belingo Sondarha. Udadwabo umuphe amaranda emasendeni 20c ama R5, umnakwabo wamupa amaranda ama R2 umzawakhe wamupha amaranda ali R10 . Uthole malini nasele iyoke? 193 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA 194 IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu KONYAKA namaminithi yesi-4 ama -24) UKUBALA 1.12 Ukusebenzisa amathekhiniki Yini umehluko kuneThemini yesi 3? Amathekniki alandelako lokha kwenziwa Abafundi balindeleke bararulule ukubalisisa ebujamweni obutjhaphulukileko (iindlela umsebenzi wokubalisisa: ngokusebenzisa amathekhiniki alandelako: namaqh- • Ukugwala nofana iinsetjenziswa • Ukugwala nofana iinsetjenziswa eziphathekako inga) eziphathekako isib. iimbali -- Imigwalo yabafundi kufanele ithome ukuqaleka ngokuhlelekileko begodu • Ukwakha nokuphula iinomboro kufanele bakwazi ukuhlathulula ukubalisisa kwabo okuddzimelele • Ukubuyelela kabili nokuhafula emigwalweni yabo. • Amanambalayini • Ukwakha nofana ukuphula iinomboro • Ukubuyelela kabili noku hafula • Amanambalayini. Qala amanothi weThemu yesi-2. ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
UBUDE IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu KONYAKA CAPS namaminithi yesi-4 ama -24) 1.13 • Ngezelela ngama ema 20 Ukuhlanganisa nokukhupha ngerherho leenomboro elihlangana kwe 0 - 20 Ukuh- • Khupha ema 20 kutjho bonyana abafundi bazaku: langanisa • Sebenzisa itshwayo elifaneleko • Thoma ukuthuthukisa umqondo wobukhulu bedijithi ematjhumini nakibo kunye; nokukhupha (+, –, =, ) • Ragele phambili babale ngeenqhema; begodu • Ukuzijayeza ukulumbana • Thome ukubona bonyana ukubala uragele phambili ngabo kunye akusiliqhinga kweenomboro kufika e 10 eliphumelelisako. Abafundi bazakuragela phambili noku: • bala izinto; • khumbula, ukufunda nokutlola amagama weenomboro; noku • madanisa noku hlela iinomboro. Ukwenzela kobana basebenze ngamatshwayo wokuhlanganisa nokukhupha, abafundi kufanele babe nelwazi elaneleko loku: • ukubala koke; • ukubala baragele phambili kusuka enomborweni ekulu; • ukusebenzisa nokuzwisisa ilimi lokuhlanganisa noku khupha ; noku • ukuhlela nokumadanisa iinomboro. Abafundi baragela phambili nokwakha ukuzwisisa kokuhlanganisa noku khupha. Ekupheleni konyaka abafundi kufanele ba: • ukusebenzisa ilwazi magama eliphathelene nokuhlanganisa nokukhupha namatshwayo wokuhlathulula nokurekhoda imitjho yeenomboro yokiuhlanganisa nokukhupha; • ukusebenzisa umsebenzi ophathekako nongakahleleki womthetho womsebenzi otlolwako wokutlola umsebenzi wokuhlanganisa nokukhupha; • ukurarulula imiraro yokubala yokuhlanganisa nokukhupha begodu bangarekhoda iimpendulo zabo ngokusebenzisa imitjho yeenomboro; • ukuzwisisa bona ukukhupha kuhlanganisa okupherhukileko, kandi ngakelinye ihlangothi ukuhlanganisa nacho kukhupha okupherhukileko begodu kufanele basebenzise lokhu ukwenzela ukufinyelela eempendulweni nekurekhodeni ukubalisisa. 195 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA 196 IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu KONYAKA namaminithi yesi-4 ama -24) 1.13 • Ngezelela ngama ema 20 Ukuzwisisa Ukuhlanganisa nokukhupha abafundi kufanele bakghone uku: Ukuh- • Khupha ema 20 • ukwazi nokusebenzisa iphuzu lokuthi ukuhlela ukuhlanganisa akutjho litho; langanisa • Sebenzisa itshwayo elifaneleko • sebenzisa amatshwayo + , - ne = ; nokukhupha (+, –, =, ) • ukwazi bonyana lijamele inomboro engaziwako; • Ukuzijayeza ukulumbana • ukuzwisisa ukukhupha njengoku ‘thatha utjhidise’ nokuthi ‘ukliuthola umehluko kweenomboro kufika e 10 phakathi kwe ’;no • kutjho nokutlola amaphuzu akhambelanako ephuzwini lokuhlanganisa onikelwe lona nofana ngendlela ephikisako isib. 8 + 6 = 14 kutjho bonyana 14 – 6 = 8. Ukurekhoda iimfaniso zokuhlanganisa nokukhupha: Lokha abanye abafundi basafuna ukurekhoda nokubala ngabo ku 1, bathloga ukurhelejwa bona ukuthoma ukurekhoda nokubala ngeenqhema. Kufanele bakghone uku: Gwala iinthombe nokusebenzisa iinomboro, khulu khulu ukubonisa iinqhema. Ukuphula inomboro ibe ziinqetjhana ukwenza ukubala kube lula ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 Abafundi bazakuphula inomboro ibe ziinqetjhana ezahluka hlukeneko. Bazakuphula inomboro ibe ziinqetjhana ezibambekako kibo. Kokuthoma, abafundi bazahlephula u likhomba ab bokn. Nokho, lokha amaphuzu wenomboro kufika e 10 azwisiseka begodu abafundi bakghona ukusebenza ngeenomboroezingeni eliphezulu, bangamuhlephula u-likhomba abe ziinqetjhana ezihluka hlukeneko. Ukusebenzisa ubutjhobi neenomboro ukutjengisa ukucabanga 11 + 7 =  11 + 4 + 3 11 + 4 ➝ 15 + 3 = 18 11 + 7 =  11 + 5 + 2 11 + 5 ➝ 16 + 2 = 18 17 – 9 =  17 – (7 + 2) ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) 17 – 7 ➝ 10 – 2 = 8
UBUDE IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu KONYAKA CAPS namaminithi yesi-4 ama -24) 1.13 • Ngezelela ngama 20 Ukulumbana kweenomboro Ukuh- • Khupha ema 20 Ukwenzela ukuzijayeza ukulumbana kweenomboro, abafundi kufanele banikelwe langanisa • Sebenzisa itshwayo elifaneleko imisetjenzana ehlukahlukeneko bona bayenze. Lokhu kwenziwa kuhlekuhle nokukhupha ngesikhathi sokusebenza ngokuzijamela. (+, –, =, ) Inamba layini nayo ingasetjenziswa ukuzijayeza ukulumbana kweenomboro • Ukuzijayeza ukulumbana kufika e 10. kweenomboro kufika e 10 Ukusebenzisa ilwazi elidlulileko namathekhiniki Amathekhiniki aboniswe ngaphasi avumela abafundi bona bahlele kuhle ukubala kwabo nomqodo weemboro. Ukzijayeza amthekiniki angahaskuz gcugcuzela abafundi bona batjengise ubudlelwano phakathi kweenomboro nokufundisa abafundi bona kokwakho bangasebenzisa ilwazi labo ukusiza ukubalisisa. Beka inomboro ekulu ekuthomeni ukwenzela ukubala uragele phambili nofana ukubalauye emuva. 4 + 12 =  Buyelela uhlele 4 + 12 as 12 + 4 bese uyabala uragele phambili kusuka e-12. Bala uragele phambili ukusuka enomborweni ekulu Abafundi kufanele bakghone ukubala baragele phambili ukusukela enomborweni ekulu. Lokhu liqhinga elisiza khulu kunokubala ngabo kunye ukufika ku-14 bese ubala ungezelele ngakuhlanu. 14 + 5 =  Abafundi babala ukusuka e-14, bese 15, 16, 17, 18, 19. Ukubona okuseduze nokubuyelelwe kabili 8+7 Umfundi angahlathulula bonyana umphumela ungatlolwa njenge 8 + 8 -1 (ukubuyelela kabili u bu 8 uhlanganise naku 1) nofana 7 + 7 + 1 (ukubuyelela kabili u li 7 uhlanganise naku 1). Abafundi bangarekhoda amaqhinga wabo ngokusebenzisa abotjhobi : 8 + 8 16 + 1 = 17 Tjhugulula inomboro ibe litjhumi bese ukhupha nofana uhlanganisa ngabokunye Iqhinga leli lingafundiswa ngerherho leenomboro ezincani begodu lisetjenziswe eenomborweni ezikudlwana. 9+6= Abafundi bangazitjela bonyana : “Ngizakuthatha kunye ku-6 begodu ngikuhlanganise ne-9 ukwenzela ukuthola i-10.” U li 9 + 6 angatlolwa njengo 10 + 5 = 15 197 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA 198 IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu KONYAKA namaminithi yesi-4 ama -24) 1.13 • Ngezelela ngama ema 20 8+5= Ukuh- • Khupha ema 20 Abafundi bangazitjela bonyana : “Ngizakukhupha kubili ku-5 begodu langanisa • Sebenzisa itshwayo elifaneleko ngikuhlanganise no-8 ukwenzela ukuthola i-10.” nokukhupha (+, –, =, ) U- 8 + 5 angatlolwa njengo 10 + 3 = 13 • Ukuzijayeza ukulumbana Sebenzisa ilwazi lobudlelwano obuphikisanako bokuhlanganisa kweenomboro kufika e 10 nokukhupha 15 – 9 =  Umfundi uyazi bona umphumela ungatlolwa njengesibalo sokuhlanganisa: “Ngiyazi bona u- 9 +  = 15.” Umfundi angasebenzisa ukubala aragele phambili ukwenza ukubalisisa. Amanambalayini Kufanele bagkhone ukusebenzisa amanambalayini ukusekela ukubalisisa kwabo. Isibonelo: 13 + 6 =  ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 1.14 • Hlanganisa inomboro efanako Yini umehluko kuneThemini yesi-3? Ukuh- ngokubuyelela ema 20 EThemini yesi 4, abafundi baragela phambili nokuthuthukisa ilimi lokuhlanganisa langanisa • Sebenzisa itshwayo elifaneleko okubuyelelako. Isibonelo: okubuyele- ( +, =, ) • Abo-3 aba-2 lwako • Iinqhema ezi 4 zabo ku 2 okurholela ekubuy- Abafundi baragela phambili nokutlola imitjho yeenomboro ukwenzela iinjamiselo abuyeleleni eziphathekako. Ukubala ngokweqa kufanele kuragele phambili kurhelebhe abafundi ukubala izinto ezibuthelelwe ngeenthombe. Lokha iinthombe nofana izinto zibuthelelwe ngazimbili, bese abafundi kufanele babale ngakubili bangasabali ngakunye ukuthola inani lezinto. Ekupheleni kweThemu abafundi kufanele bakghone uku: • Ukuzwisisa ukuhlanganisa okubuyelelako njengokwenza iinqhema ezilinganako; • ukujamisela ukuhlanganisa okubuyelelako ngokusebenzisa izinto eziphathekako nemigwalo; • ukurekhoda imitjho yeenomboro ekhambelanako emsebenzini owenziwako nofana imigwalo; no ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) • ukusebenzisa inamba layini ukufika ependulweniuse number lines to arrive at an answer.
UBUDE IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu KONYAKA CAPS namaminithi yesi-4 ama -24) 1.16 Umqondonomboro : Irherho 20 Yini umehluko kuneThemini yesi 3? Iimbalo • Yitjho inomboro engaphambi EThemini yesi 4, irherho leenomboro liyanda kusuka e-15 ukuya ema-20. zehloko nengemuva kwenomboro Iimbonelo zemibuzo nemisetjenzana engabuzwa nengenziwa: • Thoma ku-3 ubale uye phambili ngabo kunye kufika e-10. onikelwe yona. Hlela isede • Abafundi bajama umuda babuze: ngubani osekuthomeni, wesibili, wesithathu yeenomboro ezikhethekileko nofana wokugcina? onikelwe zona. • Ngiyiphi encani i-14 nofana bu- 8? • Madanisa iinomboro kufika ema • Ngiyiphi enengi u bu-8 nofana u-4? 20 begodu utjho bonyana ngiyiphi • Yini encani ngaku-2 kune-13? enengi nofana encani. • Yini enengi ngaku-2 kuno-8? • Nikela inomboro ephakathi kuka-1 no-3. • Ukwazi bonyana ngiyiphi • Nginikela inomboro ephakathi kwe-10 ne-14. Yinye kuphela inomboro leyo? inomboro enengi ngaku 1 nofana • Beka amakarada weenomboro la ngokulandelana ukusuka kwelinenomboro encani ngaku 1enomborweni. encani ukuya kwelinenomboro ekulu. • Ukwazi bonyana ngiyiphi Ukukhumbula msinyana inomboro enengi ngaku 2 nofana Ngitjengisa inomboro engingayihlanganisa ukwenza i-10 ( ukutlola phasi nofana encani ngaku 2 enomborweni. ukusebenzisa ubukhulu bedijithi nofana amaflardi karada) • 1 Ukukhumbula masinyana: • 2 • Amaphuzu wokuhlanganisa • 3 nawokukhupha kufika e 10 • 4 Amaqhinga wokubalisisa Ngitjengisa inomboro etjhiyekileko lokha ….suswe e 10 (ukutlola phasi nofana ukusebenzisa ubukhulu bedijithi nofana amaflardi karada) Ukusebenzisa amaqhinga wokubala • 1 ukuhlanganisa noku khupha • 2 ngokuphumelela: • 3 • Beka inomboro ekulu mantanzi • 4 ukwenzela ukubalela phezu • 6 + 4 = 10 kuyini uku- 4 + 6? Ipendulo iyafana na? • 5 + 2 = 7 kuyini uku- 2 + 5? Ipendulo iyafana na? kwayo nofana ukubala uye Amaqhinga wokubalisisa: emuva. Sebenzisa amaqhinga wokubalisisa Ukuhlanganisa nokukhupha ngekghono. • Inanambalayini • Hlanganisa okulandelako ngokubeka inomboro ekulu mantanzi nokubala • Ukubuyelela kabili noku hafula uragele phambili: 1+9 • Ukwakha nokuphula iinomboro 2+6 1+4 • Buyelela kabili u-1 Yini abo-2 ababili? Iyini ihafu yaka ku-4? • Ukusebenzisa inambalayini. Mimeqo emingaki ukusuka ku-3 ukufika ku-5? 199 Mimeqo emingaki ebuyela emuva ukusuka ku-5 ukufika-2? ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
IGREYIDI YOKU-1 ITHEMU YESI-4 2. AMAPHETHENI, AMAFANKTJHINI NE-ALJIBHRA 200 UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA yesi-4 namaminithi ama -24) 2.1 Ukukopa, ungezelele Amaphetheni Abafundi bazokusebenza ngamaphetheni ukusukela kewemvelo, kusukela epilweni 1 lsifundo Amapheth- bewuhlathulule asizombelezileko yangamalanga yesimodeni nakezamagugu yendawo yethu ukusukela egreyidini 1 kufikela eni weJi- Ukukopa,ungezelele Ukubona,ukuhlathulula kugreyidi 6. Lokhu kutjho bonyana akumelanga uchithe isikhathi esinengi esihlokweni lesi. yomethri bewuhlathulule ngamagama nokukopa Kufanele begodu ukhethe imisetjenzana namaphetheni afanele nakhambelana igreyidi leyo ngamagama amaphetheni naleyo. • Amaphetheni alula weJiyomethri EGreyidini yoku-1 abafundi bangahlikihla amaphetheni ngaphakathi. enziwe ngezinto • Ngokwemvelo Iimbonelo nofana iintjengiso ezisebenzisekako maphetheni wamakari wemithi, ibhasi ezibonakalako • Kusukela epilweni lemuthi, isoli yamanyathelo, amaphetheni wamatayere, isivalo samadreyini, emapheyivinini • Amaphetheni alula yangamalanga njll. enziwe ngemigwalo yesimodeni Umhlobo omunye wamaphetheni abafundi abangawuqala ngewesimethri, isib. amakari yemida, ubujamo • Kusukela kezamagugu amanengi wemithi ayi-simethri nafana izinto. nendawo yethu Abafundi bangaqala amaphetheni endradeni ( wensimbi, zamaplanga, nofana ivayibrakrit); Yenza amaphetheni Yenza amaphetheni Umsebenzi weentina namathayilesi wefluru; wakho weJiyomethri wakho weJiyomethri Iizambatho namatjhila ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 ngezinto eziphathekako • ngezinto amabhorodo, iinkopi neempiringi; • ngokugwala imida, eziphathekako, ibholo leenyawo; ubujamo nofana izinto ngokugwala imida ubujamo nofana iinlwane ezifana neenkomo, iviyaviyani lebusuku, namaviyaviyani wemini, iduba, idlulamithi, Amaphetheni bezinto iziingwe, iinyoni, iingogwana; asizombelezileko amathuthumbo namakari weemithi; Ukubona, ukuhlathulula ngamagama nokukopa imisebenzi yemincamo yesindu neyesimanje; begodu amaphetheni neempoto zomdaka zesindu nofana iimantji ezilukiwe. weJiyomethri Kuneendlela ezihlukileko zokuhlathulula amaphetheni esiwabonako asizombelezileko. • ngokwemvelo, Amanengi amaphetheni asizombelezileko enziwe ngemida, ubujamo nofana ngezinto. • kusukela epilweni Amajamo nofana izinto akuthlogeki bonyana zihlotjaniswe nabobusobubili nabobusontathu yangamalanga beJiyomethri okusetjenziswa ngabo eGreyidini yoku-1. Abafundi bangaqalaqala begodu yesimodeni, bebahlathulule bonyana • kusukela kezamagugu • Kuyini ukubuyelela isib. amathosi, imida, nabonyana ngibuphi ubujamo; and nendabuko yethu. • Kubuyelelwa njani isib.gwala imida iphambane omunye phezu komunye (njengase fadugwini), ngabe woke ayalingana ngobukhulu na?, ngabe arhatjheke ngokulinganako na?, ngabe woke amajamo ayalingana ngobukhulu na?,anemibala efanako na?, nofana ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) aqale ndawonye na?, isib. Nangabe usika ilamune phakathi ngokuphambanako woke amalunga amatsikana phakathi begodu abanzi ngemaqadi.
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA yesi-4 namaminithi CAPS ama -24) 2.2 Ukukopa, ukungezelela Ukukopa, ukungezelela Ukulandelana kweenomboro kungahlotjaniswa ngokubala. Lokho amakgono wabafundi Iinfundo ezi-3 Amaphe- nokuhlathulula nokuhlathulula wokubala akhula begodu atjhuguluka, iinhlobo zokulandelana kweenomboro zomsebenzi theni Ukukopa, ungezelele Ukukopa, ungezelele wabafundi zingakhula. weenom- bewuhlathulule bewuhlathulule Ukulandelana kufanele kutjengise ukubala uye phambili nemuva nga: boro ukulandelanisa ukulandelanisa • ku-1 ukusukela kwenye nenye inomboro hlangana no-1 ne-100 kweenomboro ezilula kweenomboro ezilula • li-10 ukusukela nanoma ngisiphi isibuyeleli se-10 hlangana ne-0 ne-100 ukufika e-100. ukufika e-100. • ku-5 ukusukela nanoma ngisiphi isibuyeleli sika-5 hlangana ne-0 ne-100 Ukutlama amaphetheni Ukulandelana kufanele okungewakhe kutjengise: • ku-2 ukusukela nanoma ngisiphi isibuyeleli sika-2 hlangana ne-0 ne-100 Tlama amaphetheni • Li-10 ukusuka Abafundi bangakhomba iinomboro enambalayinini, egridini yeenomboro, nofana okungowakho kesinye nesinye ngokubhala ngokulandelana lokha babalakonokutlola ngokulandelana lokha nebabalako. weenomboro. isibuyabuyelelo se-10 Abafundi bangavala (ngemmbali) nofana bafake umbala, nofana bazungelezele iinomboro hlangana ne-0 ne-100 enambalayinini, eGridini yenomboro, nofana ukulandelana kokutloliweko lokha abalako. • Ku-5 ukusuka Abafundi bangazalisa iinomboro ezitjhiyiweko nazitlolwako enambalayinini, nofana kesinye nesinye emagreyidini ukuzijayeza ukubala. Khumbula bonyana abafundi babhala ukufika e-20. isibuyabuyelelo saka Qala amanothi weThemu yesi-3 bonyana abafundi bangasebenza njani ngokulandelana ku-5 hlangana ne-0 kweenomboro ngaphezulu kwa-20. ne-100 • Ku-2 ukusuka kesinye nesinye isibuyabuyelelo saka ku-2 hlangana ne-0 ne-100 201 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
IGREYIDI YOKU-1 ITHEMU YESI-4 3. ISIKHALA NOBUJAMO (JIYOMETHRI) 202 UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA yesi-4 namaminithi ama -24) 3.1 Ilimi lobujamo Ilimi lobujamo Ubujamo neenkombatjhuba lsifundo esi-1 Ubujamo, Hlathulula ubujamo Hlathulula ubujamo Qala amanothi weThemu yoku-1. ukuzijayeza bento yinye nokuhlobana bento yinye nokuhlobana Nanyana ngibuphi ubujamo beLimi kufanele bethulwe ngokwenza imisetjenzana efaka nokubukela kwenye kenye isb. kwenye kenye isib. hlangana abafundi bonyana benze imsikinyeko. Lokho kungenziwa ngesikhathi sokufundisa ngaphezulu, ngaphambi- ngaphezulu-kwe, itlasi loke nofana ngesikhathi somnqopho wokufundisa iinqhema. kwe, ngemuva, ngaphambi-kwe, Iinkombatjhuba kufanele zifundwe ngokwenza imisetjenzana ephathekako efaka hlangana ngesinceleni, ngesidleni, ngemuva, ngesinceleni, ukusikinya imizimba yabo nofana izinto ngokulandela iinyalelo. Lokhu kungenziwa phezulu, phasi, hlanu- ngesidleni, phezulu, ngesikhathi sokufundisa itlasi loke nofana ngesikhathi somnqopho sokufundisa isiqhema. kwe. phasi, hlanu-kwe. Umsebenzi wobujamo neenlayelo unganzinziswa ngamarekhodi atloliweko afana Ubujamo Ubujamo nemigwalo okufaka umbala nofana ukumadanisa imigwalo namagama. Lokhu kungenziwa neenkombatjhuba neenkombatjhuba ngesikathi sokuzijamela. • Landela inkombatjhuba • Landela inkombatjhuba Ubujamo nokubukela zokukhambakhambe zokukhambakhambe uzombeleze uzombeleze Abafundi besigaba esisiSekelo bafanele bazwisise bonyana izinto ziqaleka ngokuhlukeneko ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 ngekumbeni ngekumbeni lokha umuntu aziqale ngehlangothi elingafaniko. Abafundi bangathatha lula bonyana yokufundela. yokufundela. izinto ezifana neenkoloyi zibonakala zizincani lokha zivela kude. Njengombana abafundi basebenza khulu ngeencwadi nangokutjengisa eencwadini zabo kufanele bonyana bazisise • Landela iinlayelo • Landela iinlayelo bonyana kungani into esebujameni obungaphambili buveza isithombe esikhulu kunaleso ukubeka izinto ukubeka izinto esisebujameni obungemuva. ngokuhlobana kwenye nokuhlobana kwenye kenye isib. Faka kenye isib. Faka Ngesikhathi somnqopho weenqhema zabafundi, abafundi bangatjengisa ngokubeka ipensela ngaphakathi ipensela ngaphakathi izandlha zabo phambi kwabo, ukuvimbela ukubukela izinto ezibonakala zizikulu nazikude. kwebhoksi. kwebhoksi. Abafundi besigaba esisiSekelo kufanele banikelwe imisetjenzana ehlukileko abangayenza Ubujamo nemibono Ubujamo nemibono ukumadanisa ukubukela okuhlukeneko (ukubukela ngaphezulu, ngemaqadi, ngaphambili) bezinto ezihlukeneko zangamalanga. Lokhu kuzakugcina kusiza abafundi bonyana Madanisa imibono Madanisa imibono bakgone ukuhlathulula imigwalo yeJiyomethri eyenziwe ebujameni obuhlukeneko. ehlukeneko yezinto ehlukeneko yezinto ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) zangamalanga efifanako. zangamalanga efifanako.
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO CAPS : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA yesi-4 namaminithi ama -24) 3.2 Irherho lezinto Irherho lezinto Ukusebenza ngezinto ezibusontathu (3-D) kunganzinziswa ngemisetjenzana etlolwako. 1 lsifundo Izinto ezibu- Ukukhumbula nokutjho Ukukhumbula nokutjho sontathu amagama wezinto izinto ezibusontathu (3-D) ezibusontathu (3-D) ngeTlasini yokufundela ngeTlasini nofana neenthombeni. ngekumbeni yokufundela • Ubujamo bebholo neenthombeni (iindulungu) • Ubujamo bebholo • Ubujamo bebhoksi • Ubujamo bebhoksi (iphrizimu) Amatshwayo wezinto Amatshwayo wezinto Hlathulula, hlukanisa, Hlathulula,hlukanisa umadanise izinto ngemihlobo umadanise ezibusontathu ngokuya: izinto ezinguSobantu • ngobukhulu ngokuya ngo: • ngokombala • bukhulu • ngezinto ezigedekako • ngokombala • ngezinto ezitjhelelako • izinto ezigedekako Imisetjenzana • izinto ezitjhelelako enqophikweko Ukubona nokwakha izinto ezinikelweko ezibusontathu ngokusebenzisa izinto eziphathekako ezifana namabhlogo wokwakha, amamatheriyali ebuyelelwe asetjenziswa godu, ikhidi yokwakha. 203 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 204 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA yesi-4 namaminithi ama -24) 3.3 Amajamo Irherho lamajamo Qala amanothi weThemu yesi-2 limfundo ezi-3 Amajamo ahlukahlukeneko Ukukhumbula nokutjho Abafundi basebenza ngezindingilizi nenkwere ezihlukahlukeneko naboncantathu abobusobu- Bona bewutjho amagama abobusobubili abahlukeneko ngamasayizi. Bazihlela ngokubumbeka kwazo njengokuthi zindulungu bili (2-D) wezinto ezikhombisa • indulungu nofana ezinqophileko nofana ezinamahlangothi arondo. ubusobubili (2-D) Abafundi bahlela ngeengaba bebabuthelele ubujamo ngokuya bonyana boncantathu, • uncantathu • indulungu iinkwere nendulungu. • isikwere • unqanthathu Umsebenzi unzinziswa ngokutlolwa kwemisetjenzana. • isikwere Amatshwayo Amatshwayo wobujamo wobujamo bezinto Ukuhlathulula, Hlathulula,hlukanisa, ukuhlukanisa umadanise ubujamo ngemihlobo, ezibusobubili ngokuya: ukumadanisa ubujamo • ngobukhulu babobusobubili ngokuya: • ngombala • ngobukhulu ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 • ngezinto ezigedekako • ngombala • ngezinto ezitjhelelako • ngamahlangothi anqophileko • ngamahlangothi arondo 3.4 Isimethri Isimethri Abafundi kufanele baqale imida yesimethri ezintweni eziphathekako nasenthombeni lsifundo si-1 Isimethri • Ukubona ubujamo • Ukubona nokugwala Imisetjenzana etlolwako besimethri emizimbeni imida ye Simethri • ayingathathwa kuphela ehafini enye kodwana yabo ebujameni • ayifake hlangana iimbonelo lapho abafundi bagwala imida yesimethri. Imida yesimethri • Ukubona nokugwala obubusobubili akukameli bonyana ijame poro njalo kodwana ingaba imida ethabaleleko. umuda weSimethri • (2-D) yeJiyomethri ebujameni namabumbeko obubusobubili angasiwo weJiyomethri beJiyomethri namajamo angasiwoweiJiyomethri ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
IGREYIDI YOKU-1 ITHEMU YESI-4 4. UKUMEDA CAPS UBUDE IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO BESIKHATHI AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA : IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu KONYAKA yesi-4 namaminithi ama -24) 4.1 Ukudlula kwesikhathi Ukudlula kwesikhathi Abafundi bafanele bafunde bonyana kukhulunywa njani : Iimfundo ezi-2 Isikhathi Khuluma ngokudlula Khuluma ngokudlula • ngokulandelanisa izehlakalo begodu kwesikhathi kwesikhathi • nangobude besikhathi • Hlela izehlakalo • Hlela izehlakalo Abafundi baragela phambili ukuhlanganisa iindlela zokukhuluma ngesikhathi eziqhelekileko zepilo yabo eziqhelekileko zepilo yabo ngamalanga ngesikhathi sokufundisa itlasi loke nofana ngesikhathi sokufundisa • Ukumadanisa ubude • Ukumadanisa ubude ngesiqhema. besikhathi ngokusebenzisa besikhathi ngokusebenzisa Abafundi bakhuluma begodu baphendula imibuzo ephathelene nokuthi izinto ilimi isib.isikhathi eside, ilimi isib.isikhathi eside, zenzeka nini, basebenzise ilimi elinjengokuthi ekuseni, ngemuva kwedina, ebusuku, isikhathi esifitjhani, isikhathi esifitjhani, ekuseni khulu, ngemuva kwesikhathi. msinyana, kabuthaka. msinyana, kabuthaka. Abafundi balandelanisa izehlakalo kusetjenziswa ilimi elifana nokuthi izolo, • Ukulandelanisa izehlakalo • Ukulandelanisa izehlakalo namhlanje, kusasa; amalanga weveke begodu neenyanga zonyaka ngokusebenzisa ilimi ngokusebenzisa ilimi elifaka njengokuthi izolo, elifaka njengokuthi izolo, namhlanje, kusasa. namhlanje, kusasa. Abafundi bamadanisa ubude besikhathi kusetjenziswa ilimi elifana nokuthi isikhathi eside nofana isikhathi esifitjhani begodu msinyana nofana buthaka. Ukutjho isikhathi Ukutjho isikhathi Abafundi bakhuluma ngokuhlela izehlakalo ezisuke eempilweni zabo. Bahlela • Ukuhlathulula nakwenzeka • Ukuhlathulula nakwenzeka ukulandelana kweenthombe ezinjenga into kusetjenziswa ilimi into kusetjenziswa ilimi isib. Ekuseni, ngemuva isib. Ekuseni, ngemuva • magadango wokwenza iimbedlezwana nofana ikopi letiye; kwedina, ebusuku, kwedina, ebusuku, • iinthombe ezitjengisa ukukhula komntwana aze abe mumuntu okhulileko; ekuseni khulu, ngemuva ekuseni khulu, ngemuva • umzombelezo wepilo yeembandana, isib. Iqanda liba yikukhu, nofana iqanda liba kwesikhathi. kwesikhathi. sirhwerhwe nofana iqanda liba iviyaviyani;begodu • Ukwazi amalanga weveke, • Ukwazi amalanga weveke, • izehlakalo eziqhelileko zelanga ( ukuvuka, ukuba sesikolweni, ukudlala, ukudla • Ukwazi iinyanga zonyaka • Ukwazi iinyanga zonyaka kwamadina, ukulala). • Ukubeka amalanga • Ukubeka amalanga Ragela phambili ukubeka amalanga wamabeletho ekhalendeni unyaka woke wamabeletho ekhalendeni wamabeletho ekhalendeni 205 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO BESIKHATHI AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA : IMINQOPHO YETHEMU 206 YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu KONYAKA yesi-4 namaminithi ama -24) 4.2 Ukulinganisa Zoke iimedo egreyidini yoku- Ubude okungakahleleki 1 azikahleleki. Akunamedo • Ukumadanisa nokuhlela ezihlelekileko zobude ubude, ukuphakama ezinamayunithini asezingeni nofana ububanzi bezinto enziwako. ezimbili nofana ezinengi ngokuzibeka enye eqadi Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwenye. ngokuzijamela kiyo • Ukusebenzisa yoke iThemu, abafundi ilimi ukukhuluma bangazijayeza begodu ngokumadanisa, isib. bahlanganise ukumeda mude, fitjhani, mude khulu, ubude, ububanzi, banzi. nokuphakama ngamayunithi • Ukulinganisa, ukumeda, angakahleleki. ukumadanisa, ukuhlela Woke umsebenzi ufanele begodu urekhode urekhodwe. Qala amanothi ubudeusebenzise iimedo weThemu yesi-3 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 ezingasisezingeni isib. Izandla, igadango, ubude bepensela, izinto zokubala, njll. 4.3 Ukumeda okungakahleleki Ukumeda okungakahleleki Zoke iimedo eGreyidini yoku-1 azikahleleki. Akukafaneli bonyana kwenziwe Ubungako • Ukulinganisa, ukumeda, • Ukulinganisa, ukumeda, ukumeda okuhlelekileko bobungako kusetjenziswa amayunithi ahlelekileko. /Ubudisi ukumadanisa, ukuhlela, ukumadanisa, ukuhlela, Khuyini okuhlukileko eThemini yesi-4? bekurekhodwe ubungako, bekurekhodwe ubungako, EThemini yoku-1 kuphakanyiswe bonyana abafundi banqophe ngokusetjenzisa iimedo ngokusetjenzisa iimedo • ekumadaniseni okunqophileko kobungako bezinto; ezingakahleleki begodu ezingakahleleki begodu nesikala sokudzimelela nesikala sokudzimelela • ukuhlela nokumadanisa ubungako bezinto ezintathu nofana ezinengi,ngokubeka isib. Amabhulogo, iintina isib. Amabhulogo, iintina izinto ngazimbili enye hlanu kwenye, bekufike lapho zoke izinto zilandelaniswe njll. njll. khona; begodu • Ukusebenzisa • Ukusebenzisa • Ukuthuthukisa ilimi lokukhuluma ngomahluko wobungakol ilimi ukukhuluma ilimi ukukhuluma EThemini yesi-4 abafundi banganqopha ekwenzeni ukumeda okungakahleleki ngokumadanisa isib. ngokumadanisa isib. ngokusebenzisa ubungako bamayunithi obungakahleleki. elula, ebudisi, elula-khulu, elula, ebudisi, elula-khulu, ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) ebudisi-khulu. ebudisi-khulu.
UBUDE IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO BESIKHATHI AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA : IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu KONYAKA yesi-4 CAPS namaminithi ama -24) 4.3 Ukumeda okungakahleleki Ukumeda okungakahleleki Ukumeda ubungako obungakahleleki ngokusebenzisa amayunithi Iimfundo ezi- 2 Ubungako • Ukulinganisa, ukumeda, • Ukulinganisa, ukumeda, angakahleleki. /Ubudisi ukumadanisa, ukuhlela, ukumadanisa, ukuhlela, Abafundi bangafunda zoke iinkambisolawulo begodu nekambiso yokumeda bekurekhodwe ubungako, bekurekhodwe ubungako, ngokusebenzisa amayunithi angakahleleki. Ukumeda ngamayunithi angakahleleki ngokusetjenzisa iimedo ngokusetjenzisa iimedo kufanele kungathathwa njengokunyazekako kunokumeda ngamayunithi ahlelekileko. ezingakahleleki begodu ezingakahleleki begodu Ukumeda ubude ngamayunithi angasisezingeni kufaka ukubala bonyana mangaki nesikala sokudzimelela nesikala sokudzimelela amayunithi akhethiweko afanako ngobude njengezinto ezimedwako.Isibonelo, irula isib. Amabhulogo, iintina isib. Amabhulogo, iintina inobungako obufanako nebamabhulogo ali-9. njll. njll. Abafundi bafanele bamede imihlobohlobo yezinto basebenzise Izinto • Ukusebenzisa • Ukusebenzisa ezihlukahlukenekoezinamayunithi angakahleleki. ilimi ukukhuluma ilimi ukukhuluma Abafundi bafanele bafundiswe ngeenkhathi zoke ukutjho iyunithi nabanikela ngokumadanisa isib. ngokumadanisa isib. ubungako, isib. Incwadi inobungako obufanako bamamabula ama-34. elula, ebudisi, elula-khulu, elula, ebudisi, elula-khulu, ebudisi-khulu. ebudisi-khulu. Lokha abafundi nasele bamede nanganyana ngiyiphi iyunithi amahlandla ambala, bafanele balinganise bonyana ingaba ubungako obungangani beyunithi into efanele imedwe. Ukulinganisa ngaphambi kokumeda kuqakathekile, kodwana kungenziwa kwaphela lokha abafundi nabenze ukumeda ngeyunithi leyo. Abafundi bafanele bafundiswe bonyana ukuze nimadanise ubungako bezinto ezihlukahlukeneko, iyunithi efana patsi ifanele isetjenziswe. Isib. nangabe irula inobungako obumabhlogo ama-20 begodu isikere sinobungako obulingana namamabula ama-20, umuntu angekhe atjho bonyana zinobungako obulinganako nofana obungalinganiko, nofana ngikuphi okubudisi. Ukurekhoda iimedo Nanyana ukumeda kulikghono lokuzijayeza ngokwenza. Abafundi bafanele barekhode iimedo zabo ngaso soke isikhathi. Ukumeda ubungako njengobujamo bokurarulula imiraro neembalo Ngesikhathi esibekelwe Iinomboro, ama-Opharetjhini noBudlelwana, abafundi bangararulula imiraro esebenzisa ubujamo bobungako besimedo ezingakahleleki, isib. Idasta inobungako bamamabula ali-11. Ibhoksi lamakhrayoni linobungako bamamabula a-8. Zizokuba nobungako bamamabula amangaki nasele zizoke? Yelela irherho leenomboro ezifanele iThemu, nanyana imihlobo ehlukahlukeneko yemiraro efanele iThemu. 207 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO BESIKHATHI AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA : IMINQOPHO YETHEMU 208 YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu KONYAKA yesi-4 namaminithi ama -24) 4.4 Ukumeda okungakahleleki Ukumeda okungakahleleki Zoke iimedo eGreyidini yoku-1 azikahleleki. Akukafaneli bonyana kwenziwe Umthamo/ • Ukumadanisa nokuhlela • Ukulinganisa nokumeda; ukumeda okuhlelekileko bobungako kusetjenziswa amayunithi angakahleleki. Ivolumu ubungako beketjezi/ Ukumadanisa nokuhlela Khuyini okuhlukileko eThemini yesi-4? okusamanzi (umthamo) umthamo weemumathini EThemini yoku-1 kuphakanyiswe bonyana abafundi banqophe obuseemumathini ngokusebenzisa iimeda • ekuthuthuseni ilimi lokukhuluma ngemehluko yamavolumu; ezimbili ezibekwe esinye ezingakahleleki isib. eduze nesinye. Abafundi Iingobho neenkomitji. • ekumadaniseni amavolumu weemumathi ezimbili ezifanako bahlola ngokuthi bathele • ekumadaniseni amavolumu eemumathini ezimbili ezingafani esimumathini sesithathu EThemini yesi-4 abafundi banganqopha ekwenzeni ukumeda okungakahleleki nakutlhogekako. ngokusebenzisa ubungako bamayunithi obungakahleleki. • Ukumadanisa nokuhlela Uyini umthamo? Iyini ivolumu? ubungako obusamanzi Ibhodlelo lingaba nomthamo wamakopi amane, kodwana ngekhe lazaliswa swi, obungathathwa ziimumathi isibonelo, lingamumatha ivolumu yekopi elilodwa lamanzi ngesikhathi esithileko. ezimbili nazizeleko (umthamo) Umthamo ubungakho bento engamumathwa simumathi, Ivolumu bungako besikhala esithathwa simumathi (soke isikhala esingaphakathi kwento). • Ukusebenzisa ilimi ukukhuluma Ivolumu bungako besikhala esithathwa simumathi. ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 ngokumadanisa isib. Kesinye isikhathi abafundi bazokumeda bonyana kungangani okusamanzi enengi kune, encani kune, okungesimumathini. Lokhu kumeda ivolumu yento engesimumathini. encani,izele, idududu. Kesinye isikhathi abafundi bazokumeda bonyana isimumathi singamumatha • Ukulinganisa nokumeda; kangangani nasizeleko swi. Ukumadanisa nokuhlela Ukumeda ubude obungakahleleki ngokusebenzisa amayunithi wobude umthamo weemumathini angakahleleki ngokusebenzisa iimeda ezingakahleleki isib. Abafundi bangafunda zoke iinkambisolawulo neenkambiso zokumeda Iingobho neenkomitji. ngokusebenzisa amayunithi angakahleleki. Ukumeda ngamayunithi angakahleleki kufanele bonyana zingaqaleka kwanga azikaqakatheki kunokumeda ngamayunuthi ahlelekileko. Abafundi bafanele bathole ithuba lokumeda ivolumu/umthamo ngokusebenzisa izinto ezihlukahlukeneko njengamayunithi ahlelekileko, isib. Amakopi (kodwana ingasi amakopi wokumeda), iingobho, (kodwana ingasi amathispuni wokumeda), iimvalo zamabhodlelo njengeemvalo zamabhodlelo webisi wamalitha ama-2, Amabhlegana amancani, amabhodlelo amancani, njll. Ukumeda ivolumu/umthamo ngamayunithi angakahleleki kufaka ukubala bonyana kukangaki lapho umuntu azalisa begodu athela khona eyunithini ekhethiweko bekufike lapho umuntu afinyelela khona ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) ebungakweni nofana evolumini efunekako. Abafundi bafanele bafundiswe ngaso soke isikhathi ukutjho iyunithi, isib. Kuneegobho ezi-48 ezipheleleko zamanzi ngebhodlelweni nofana kunamanzi angaphasi kwekopi ngebhodlelweni.
UBUDE IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO BESIKHATHI AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA : IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu KONYAKA yesi-4 CAPS namaminithi ama -24) 4.4 Ukumeda okungakahleleki Ukumeda okungakahleleki Lokha abafundi nasele bameda nanyana ngiyiphi iyunithi amahlandla ambalwa, Umthamo/ • Ukumadanisa nokuhlela • Ukulinganisa nokumeda; bafanele balinganise umthamo/ivolumu ngokusebenzisa iyunithi leyo. Ukulinganisa Ivolumu ubungako beketjezi/ Ukumadanisa nokuhlela ngaphambi kokumeda kuqakathekile, kodwana kungenziwa kwaphela lokha okusamanzi (umthamo) umthamo weemumathini abafundi nabameda ngeyunithi leyo. obuseemumathini ngokusebenzisa iimeda Abafundi bafanele bafundiswe bonyana ukuze bamadanise amavolumu nofana ezimbili ezibekwe esinye ezingakahleleki isib. imithamo, iyunithi efana patsi ifanele isetjenziswe. Isib.nangabe irhalasi Limimatha eduze nesinye. Abafundi Iingobho neenkomitji. amathispuni ama-20 wamanzi begodu ikopi Limimatha iingobho zamanzi ezi-10, bahlola ngokuthi bathele umuntu angekhe atjho bonyana irhalasi Limimatha amanzi amanengi. esimumathini sesithathu Abafundi bafanele bamede ngamayunithi angakahleleki ahlukahlukeneko, ukuze nakutlhogekako. bakghone • Ukumadanisa nokuhlela • ukuthoma ukuzwisisa bonyana iyunithi nayiyincani , izokusetjenziswa amahlandla ubungako obusamanzi amanengana, isib. ivolumu engebhodlelweni ingaba ziingobho ezi-20 kodwana obungathathwa ziimumathi lilingane nekopi li-1; begodu. ezimbili nazizeleko • ukuthoma ukusebenzisa amayunithi afanele lokho abakumedako, isib. Ukumeda (umthamo) amalitha amabili wamabhodlelo azeleko ngethispuni kukumotjha isikhathi. • Ukusebenzisa Ukurekhoda iimedo ilimi ukukhuluma ngokumadanisa isib. Nanyana ukumeda kulikghono lokuzijayeza ukwenza, abafundi bafanele ukurekhoda enengi kune, encani kune, iimedo zabo ngaso soke isikhathi. encani,izele, idududu. Ukumeda umthamo njengobujamo bokurarulula imiraro neembalo • Ukulinganisa nokumeda; Ngesikhathi esibekelwe Iinomboro, ama-Opharetjhini noBudlelwana, abafundi Ukumadanisa nokuhlela bangararulula imiraro esebenzisa ubujamo bobungako / ivolumu besimedo umthamo weemumathini ezingakahleleki, isibonelo, uGogo usebenzisa amakopi amabili webisi ukwenza ngokusebenzisa iimeda iphudinghi. Nakabuyelela iresiphi kabili, uzokusebenzisa ibisi elingangani? ezingakahleleki isib. Yelela irhelo leenomboro elifanako leThemu leyo, begodu nemihlobo yemiraro Iingobho neenkomitji. ehlukahlukeneko. 209 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
IGREYIDI YOKU-1 ITHEMU YESI-4 5. UKUPHATHA IDATHA 210 UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO : NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu KONYAKA yesi-4 namaminithi ama -24) Ukusebenza ngebuthelelo lezinto 5.1 Ukubuthelela nokuhlela Ukuhlela ngemihlobo ibuthelelo lezinto akusese munqopho onqophileko engcenyeni Ukubuthelela izinto ngemihlobo yesibili yonyaka. nokuhlukanisa Ukubuthelela nokuhlela Kodwana, inganikelwa njengemisetjhenzana engakavami ngesikhathi sokusebenza ngemihlobo izinto ngemihlobo ngokuzijamela. kwezinto eziphathekako ngamalanga Umnqopho ophakamisiweko eThemini–4 kusekufundeni nasekuhlaziyeni igrafu 5.2 Ukujamiselela yeenthombe. Ukujamise- ibuthelelo lezinto lela ibuthelelo elihlelekileko lezinto elihlele- Ukugwala isithombe kileko sezinto ezihleleke ngemihlobo ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 5.3 Coca bewubike Coca bewubike ngokuhlelwa kwezinto ngokuhlelwa ezibuthelelweko kwezinto ezi- • Nikela ngesizathu buthelelweko lobonyana ibuthelelo lihlelwe bunjani • Phendula imibuzo nge: -- ukuhlukanisa ngemihlobo kwenziwe njani (indlela yekambiso) -- ihlukaniso ngemihlobo libukeka bunjani (umkhiqizo) • Coca ngebuthelelo nemigwalo ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) • Hlathulula bonyana ibuthelelo lihleleke bunjani
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO : NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO CAPS IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu KONYAKA yesi-4 namaminithi ama -24) UKUSEBENZA NGEDATHA 5.4 Ukubuthelela nokuhlela Ukubuthelela idatha nokuhlela Buthelela idatha idatha yetlasi nofana yesikolo ukuphendula imibuzo ebuzwa ngutitjhere 5.5 Jamiselela idatha Ukujamiselela Ukujamiselela idatha idatha gegrafi yeenthombe. 5.6 Hlaziya bewurhumutjhe Hlaziya idatha Lokha abafundi balemuka umzombe wedatha epheleleko (okuphakamisiweko Iimfundo ezi-2 Ukuhlaziya idatha kusuka ebujamelweni eThemini-3), banganqophisa ekuhlaziyeni iinjamiselelo abanikelwe zona. bewurhumutjhe Ukuphendula imibuzo obunikelweko Kuphakanyisiwe bonyana eThemini–4 abafundi bahlaziye (ngokuphendula imibuzo) idatha ngedatha esegrafini okungenani amagrafu ama–2 weenthombe. yeenthombe 211 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
3.5.2 ITLHADLHULO YOKUMUMETHWEKO EGREYIDINI YESI-2 212 IGREYIDI YESI-2 ITHEMU YOKU- 1 1. IINOMBORO, AMA-OPHARETJHINI NOBUDLELWANA UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) UKUTHUTHUKISA INOMBORO MNQONDO: Bala ngeenomboro ezipheleleko 1.1 Ukubala izinto Ukubala izinto Qala amanothi weGreyidi yoku-1, iThemu yesi-3 neye-4 Ukubala eziphathekako eziphathekako EThemini yoku- 1 yeGreyidi 2 kuhlanganiswe umsebenzi owenziwe ngeThemu ye-4 izinto Linganisa begodu ubale Bala ngokuthembeka yeGreyidi yoku-1 ngokuthembeka izinto izinto zangamalanga Ukubala ngeenqhema zangamalanga ukuya ukuya okungasenani Umnqopho weThemu le usekubaleni uye phambili ngeenqhema. okungaseneni ema-200. i-100 Lekelela abafundi ukubala iinomboro yezinto ngokubagqugquzela bonyana babeke izinto Amaqhinga Nikela isilinganiso ngeenqhema zangakubili, ngakuhlanu nangalitjhumi. wokubuthelela senomboro yezinto ayakhuthazwa. ngokuzwakalako Amakarada weenomboro kufanele kutjengiswe kelinye nelinye ibuthelelo ukutjengisa inomboro yezinto ezibaliweko. Ukubala ngeenqhema kuzokulungiselela abafundi bonyana ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 ezingahlolwa ngokubala bazwisise ukubuyabuyelela. Abafundi kufanele banikelwe ithuba lokubona bonyana isiqhema se-100 singenziwa ngeendlela ezihlukneko. isibonelo • I-10 leenqhema zamatjhumi; • I-100 lezinto ezikhamba ngayinye nofana • Iinqhema ezi-2 zama-50. Ukubala uye phambili Abafundi basadinga ilemuko lokunikelwa ibuthelelo lezinto bese babala baye phambili ukusuka lapho. Iinsetjenziswa: Ukuyelela ngokutjheja kufanele kunikelwe imihlobo yeensetjenziswa ezisetjenziswako • Iinsetjenziswa ezihlelekileko, ezifana imilandelande yemincamo yokubala, zingasetjenziswa. • I –abhakhasi ingasetjenziselwa ukulungiselela ukubala ngeenqhema zangokulitjhumi. • Bangenza iinyanda zanga-2, iinyanda zanga-5 nangalitjhumi ngeenthoro zomlilo nofana ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) iingojwana zokubala bese zibalwa sezizoke. • Imali yokudlalisa
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO CAPS : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) 1.1 Ukubala izinto Ukubala izinto Abafundi nasele babone ama-apharathasi wokubala angakahleleki nofana ezingakabekwa Ukubala eziphathekako eziphathekako ngeenqhema, bagqugquzele bonyana babeke izinto ngeenqhema nebabalako. izinto Linganisa begodu ubale Bala ngokuthembeka Abafundi kudingeka benze ukuhlangana phakathi kwama odinali namakhadinali ngokuthembeka izinto izinto zangamalanga nebabalako. Lokhu kuphumelela lokha abafundi babona bonyana nawujamisa ukubala uye zangamalanga ukuya ukuya okungasenani phambili afike entweni ya-50. Ekupheleni kweThemu abafundi bafanele bakghone uku: okungaseneni ema-200. i-100 • bala izinto abangazithinta nofana baziphathe; Amaqhinga Nikela isilinganiso • bala izinto zokubala ngeenqhema zangakuhlanu nangalitjhumi; begodu wokubuthelela senomboro yezinto • hlela kabutjha izinto zokubala begodu abuyelele azibale. Abafundi bafanele bakghone ayakhuthazwa. ngokuzwakalako ukuphendula imibuzo.”Usese nenani lezinto zokubala ezilinganako?” ezingahlolwa ngokubala Imisetjenzana iragela phambili Abafundi kufanele bakghone ukuphendula imihlobo yeenlayelo nemibuzo elandelako: • Nazi izinto zokubala ezili-100. Zibale ngokuzibuthelela ngeenqhema ezimatjhumi. Manjesi zihlole ngokuzibala ngakunye. Ngaphambi kokubana uthome, uqabanga bonyana isamba sisazokufana? • Ukubala zoke izinto zokubala ezi-100, uzokunyula ukubala ngeenqhema zama-20 nofana ngama-25? Kungani? • Thatha isiqunto bonyana kungaba ngiyiphi indlela engcono yokubala iimpensela ezibuthelelweko. • Lapha kune zinto zokubala ezi-80. Nasingazibala ngazimbili nofana ngamatjhumi, isamba sezinto zokubala zisazokulingana. • Bala izinto zokubala ezima-46 ngokuzibeka ngeenqhema zangazimbili. 213 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 214 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) 1.2 Ukubala uye phambili Ukubala uye phambili IThemu yoku- 1 yeGreyidi yesi- 2 umsebenzi ohlanganisiweko owenziwe ngeThemu yesi-4 Ukubala uye nemuva nga: nemuva nga: eGreyidini yoku- 1. phambili • Ku-1 ukusuka kwenye • Ku-1 ukusuka kwenye Ukubala ngokweqa kuzokuhlala kulikghono eliqakathekileko elizokulekelela abafundi nemuva nenye inomboro nenye inomboro nebabalako. Ukwenza umlolozelo ngeenomboro ngokulandelana kusese likghono hlangana ne-0 na-200 hlangana ne-0 na-100 eliqakathekileko elithlogekako. Ukubala kufanele kuragele phambili ukwenza ingcenye • Li-10 ukusuka • Li-10 ukusuka yepilo yangamalanga yomfundi nangokunjalo nangemidunduzelo iingoma neendatjana kesinye nesinye kesinye nesinye kufanele kube yingcenye yelemuko lokubala. isibuyabuyelelo se-10 isibuyabuyelelo se-10 EGreyidini yoku-1 abafundi bathuthukise iminqopho elandelako ephathelene nokubala: hlangana ne-0 na -200 hlangana ne-0 na -100 • Umnqopho wokonga • Ku-5 ukusuka • Ku-5 ukusuka • Umthetho wekhadinali – ukutjho ibuthelelo kesinye nesinye kesinye nesinye • Ukulinganisa patsi isibuyabuyelelo saka isibuyabuyelelo saka ku-5 hlangana ne-0 ku-5 hlangana ne-0 • Ukumadanisa kunye-nakunye okukhambelanako na-200 na-100 Ukubala ngokweqa • Ku-2 ukusuka • Ku-2 ukusuka Ukubala ngokweqa kungelinye igama elitjho ukubala ngeenqhema kuyasiza ukuthuthukisa kesinye nesinye kesinye nesinye ilemuko lamaphetheni weenomboro. Ukubala ngokweqa kugqugquzela abafundi ukubala isibuyabuyelelo saka isibuyabuyelelo saka nokucabanga ngeenqhema, okubenza babe nekghono. Lokho nacho kubasiza bonyana ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 ku- 2 hlangana ne -0 ku- 2 hlangana ne-0 bathuthukise amakghono wabo wokulinganisa. na-200 na-100. Ukubala ngeenqhema kubenza balemuke ubudlelwano obuphakathi kweenomboro • Ku-3 ukusuka ezingalandelani kuhle. Iba sisandlalelo sephetheni yeenomboro nokubuyabuyelela kesinye nesinye Abafundi kufanele baragele phambili nokusekelwa ngemifanekiso ukulekelela ukubala isibuyabuyelelo saka ngokweqa: ku-3 hlangana ne -0 Isibonelo na-200 • Ku-4 ukusuka 2 4 6 8 10 kesinye nesinye 12 14 16 18 20 isibuyabuyelelo saka 22 24 26 8 30 ku-4 hlangana ne -0 32 34 36 38 40 na-200 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 100 ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO CAPS : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) 1.2 Ukubala uye phambili Ukubala uye phambili Imisetjenzana iragela phambili : Ukubala uye nemuva nga: nemuva nga: Ukubala uye phambili nemuva ukufika e-100 kusetjhenziswa itjhadi le-100 elikhulu: phambili • Ku-1 ukusuka kwenye • Ku-1 ukusuka kwenye (5-7 yemizuzu ngelanga). Thoma ukubala NETLASI LOKE, jama kenye yeenoboro isib. nemuva nenye inomboro nenye inomboro 24. Abafundi bayadlhegana ngokubala baragele phambili kusukela enomborweni leyo hlangana ne-0 na-200 hlangana ne-0 na-100 bakwenze ngeenqhema/ ngababili/ ngamunye ngamunye njengokulayelwa ngutitjhere, • Li-10 ukusuka • Li-10 ukusuka kutlolwe inomboro lapho bagcina khona. kesinye nesinye kesinye nesinye Buza imibuzo efana nokuthi ngiyiphi iphetheni oyibonako? Igcina kuphi iphetheni isibuyabuyelelo se-10 isibuyabuyelelo se-10 yokuthoma (isibonelo: iphetheni yokubala ngaku 2: 2; 4; 6; 8; 10) hlangana ne-0 na -200 hlangana ne-0 na -100 Ekhupheleni kweThemu abafundi bafanele bakghone uku: • Ku-5 ukusuka • Ku-5 ukusuka Bala ngomlomo baphimisele bebaphendule imibuzo efana nokuthi: kesinye nesinye kesinye nesinye • Thoma ema-52, bala uye phambili ngakunye ukufika ema-75 isibuyabuyelelo saka isibuyabuyelelo saka ku-5 hlangana ne-0 ku-5 hlangana ne-0 • Thoma ema-88 ubale uye emuva ngakunye ukufika ema-70 na-200 na-100 • Thoma ema-38 ubale ngakubili ukufika ema-50 • Ku-2 ukusuka • Ku-2 ukusuka • Thoma ema-45 ubale ngakuhlanu ukufika e-100 kesinye nesinye kesinye nesinye • Thoma e-10 ubale ngalitjhumi ukufika e-100 isibuyabuyelelo saka isibuyabuyelelo saka Abafundi bafanele ukusebenzisa amakghono wabo wokubala emisetjenzaneni etloliweko. ku- 2 hlangana ne -0 ku- 2 hlangana ne-0 Isibonelo, emisetjenzaneni yokuzijamela, bangaqedelela ukulandelana kweenomboro: na-200 na-100. Abafundi bakopa bebandise ukulandelana kweenomboro okuhlukeneko. • Ku-3 ukusuka kesinye nesinye Isibonelo isibuyabuyelelo saka 76; 75; 74; __; 72; __; __; __; 68 (ubuyele emuva ngakunye) ku-3 hlangana ne -0 27; 28; 29; __; __; 32; __ ( uye phambili ngakunye). na-200 8; 10; __; 14, __ (ngakubili nofana inomboro-lingana) • Ku-4 ukusuka kesinye nesinye 5; 10, 15, 20; 25; ___ (ngakuhlanu) isibuyabuyelelo saka 90; __; 70 60; __ (ukubala ubuyele emuva ngalitjhumi). ku-4 hlangana ne -0 10, 20, 30, 40, ___, 60, 70, ___ (ukubala ubuyele emuva ngalitjhumi). na-200 215 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 216 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) 1.3 Ukukhumbula, ukubona Ukukhumbula, ukubona NgeThemu le abafundi baragela phambili ngoku: Amat- nokufunda iinomboro nokufunda iinomboro • funda nokutlola amatshwayo wenomboro ukufika e-100, begodu shwayo • Ukukhumbula, • Ukukhumbula, • funda nokutlola amagama wenomboro ukufika ema-25 weenom- ukubona nokufunda ukubona nokufunda Ekupheleni kweThemu abafundi kufanele bakghone uku: boro amatshwayo amatshway namagama weenomboro wenomboro ukusukela • tlola itshwayo lenomboro legama lenomboro ethuliweko: weenom- ukusukela e-0 ukufika e-0 ukufika e-100 • Itjhumi nekhomba boro kuma-200 • Ukutlola amatshwayo Amatjhumi amabili nantathu • Ukutlola amatshwayo weenomboro ukusuka weenomboro ukusuka e-0 ukufika e-100 66 Amatjhumi alithoba nanye e-0 ukufika ma-200 • Ukwazi nokufunda 8 Amatjhumi amahlanu nantathu • Ukwazi nokufunda amabizo wenomboro amabizo wenomboro kusuka e-0 ukufika 172 Amatjhumi amane ukusuka e-0 ukufika ema-25 109 Amatjhumi amathathu nobunane e-100 • Utlola amagama • Utlola amagama wenomboro kusukela 91 Ikhulu namatjhumi alikhomba nambili wenomboro ukusukela e-0 ukufika ema- 25 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 40 Amatjhumi asithandathu nathandathu e-0 ukufika e-100 53 Bunane 38 Ikhulu nethoba Fundela phezulu iinomboro ezisekaradeni ngalinye: ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO CAPS : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) 1.4 Ukumadanisa Ukumadanisa Irherho leenomboro lokuhlela nokumadanisa limetjha irherho leenomboro lokubala. Lokhu Ukuhlathu- nokuhlela iinomboro nokuhlela iinomboro kutjho bonyana ukuze ubale ufike ema-99, umqondo weenomboro wabafundi kufanele lula, uku- kufika ema- 99 kufika ema- 25 uthuthukise kuhle ukuze afike esisombululweni. Lokha abafundi bangahlela bamadanise madanisa, • Ukuhlela iinomboro • Ukuhlela iinomboro ngokuzithemba ngaphezulu kwemfuneko lokho kungangezelea inomboro nokuzwisisa nokuhlela ezipheleleko. Ukufika ezipheleleko. Kusukela amatswayo wembalo iinomboro ema-99 kusukela kencani khulu kufikela Abafundi kufanele baragele phambili nokusebenzisa ilimi lokuhlela nokumadanisa: kencani khulu ukuya kekulu khulu begodu • Wokuthoma, wesibili, wesithathu, wesine, wesihlanu, wesithandathu........ kwekulu khulu begodu kusukela kekulu khulu • Zingaki.......... nakusukela kekulu kuya kencani khulu khulu ukuya kwencani • Ngokunengi ngange, inomboro elinga na............ • Ukumadanisa khulu iinomboro • Ilingana na, okunengi kuna, engaphasi kune, ezimbalwa kune, okukhulu kuna, okuncani • Ukumadanisa ngokusebenzisa kuna ...banzi kuna… iinomboro ezipheleleko ngokunengi khulu, • Kokuthoma, kokugcina, ngaphambili, ngemuva, okulandelako, hlangana na.... kufika ema- 99 ngokuncani khulu, Ngokuhlela nokumadanisa izinto neenomboro abafundi bafunda bonyana: usebenzise okuncani okunengi kuna, • ubujamo benomboro eyikhadinali busetjhenziswe ukuhlathulula inomboro ese-setheni; kuna, okukhulu kuna, okuncani kuna, okunengi kuna, okulinganako. • ubujamo benomboro eyi-odinali itjho inomboro ehlobana nendawo yayo esethini. okuncani kuna, Isibonelo faka umbala osarulana esekeleni yesithathu Sebenzisa okulingana na. iinomborosikhundla Imisetjhenzana eragela phambili Sebenzisa ukutjengisa ukuhlela, • Iinomboro eziyi odinali: Coca ngomahluko ophakathi kwamagama ‘kunye’ noko’kuthoma’; iinomborosikhundla iindawo nofana ‘kubili’ no ‘kwesibili’ njll. Ukubuza imibuzo efana nokuthi: ungawasebenzisa nini amagama ukutjengisa ukuhlela, ubujamo ‘kuthathu nokwesithathu?’ singatlola u-kokuthoma, kwesibili, kwesithathu ngendlela iindawo nofana Beka izinto emudeni erhunyeziweko? ubujamo ngokulandelana ukusuka • Hlukanisa abafundi babe ziinqhema ezintathu ukuya kezine ngokulinganako. Omunye Beka izinto emudeni kweyokuthoma ukuya nomunye umfundi uthola ikarada lapho azokutlola khona igama lakhe. Abafundi ngokulandelana ukusuka kweyetjhumi nofana bazokubeka amakarada wamagama ngokulandelana kwama alfabethi. Utitjhere kweyokuthoma ukuya keyokuthoma ukuya nabafundi bangathoma babuze imibuzo, Isib. ngubani wesine esiqhemeni senu? kweyetjhumi nofana keyokugcina, Isib. keyokuthoma ukuya Yokuthoma, yesibili, keyokugcina, Isib. yesithathu ... keyetjhumi. Yokuthoma, yesibili, yesithathu.... ematjhumini amabili. 217 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 218 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) 1.5 Ukulemuka ubukhulu Thoma ukulemuka Kuyini okuhlukileko kune Greyidi yoku-1? Ubukhulu bedijithi okungenani ubukhulu bedijithi EThemeni yoku-1, abafundi basebenza ngerherho leenomboro eziphezulu bebaragele bedijithi iinomboro zamadijithi okungenani iinomboro phambili noku: ama-2 ukufika ema-99 zamadijithi ama-2 • bala begodu benze iinqhema zatjhumi nezitjhaphulukileko zangakunye; begodu • Ukwazi bonyana idijithi ukufika ema-25 • tlola i-18 = 1 itjhumi nemivo e-8 ngayinye ijameleni • Ukwazi bonyana idijithi 13 = 10 na 3. • Ukuphula iinomboro ngayinye ijameleni NgeThemu le abafundi bafanele baragele phambili ukuzibandakanya emalemukweni zamadijithi amabili • Ukuphula iinomboro amanengi ukuthoma itjhumi libesilinganiso begodu libe liyunithi. Itjhumi liyitjhumi elilodwa ukufika e-99 zibe zamadijithi amabili eLimimethe imivo elitjhumi. Amagama ajayelekileko ‘itjhumi nokukodwa’ (ama-24 ku-2 ziimbuyeleli zetjhumi zibe ziimbuyeleli yeenqhema nofana ku-2 yamatjhumi na-4 yokukodwa) kufanele asetjenziswe njalonjalo nemivo (TM) zetjhumi nemivo (TM) ukuthoma ilimi elitshwaya ukuphula nokwakha. • Bona bewutjho • Bona bewutjho Ukusebenza ngama-apharethasi aphathekako ubukhulu bedijithi ubukhulu bedijithi • Ukubala ngeengojwana/iinthoro zomlilo ngayinye ngayinye Ukubala iingojwana nofana iinthoro zomlilo zingabuthelelwa ukutjengisa iinyanda zangalitjhumi nezingakahlangani ezingazinye. Isibonelo: ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 Ukutjengisa 12 Ukutjengisa 18 Ukutjengisa 25 • I-Abhakhasi Abafundi bafanele baragele phambili nokusebenzisa ama-apharathasi aphathekako ngokubuthelela benze itjhumi lokukodwa nokuzwisisa bonyana i-10 lisiqhema sinye lezinto ezilitjhumi ezingakunye. Ngokusebenzisa i-abhakhasi, abafundi bafanele bakghone ukutjengisa: • Itjhumi linye; • Itjhumi linye nemivo e-5; • Itjhumi linye nemivo e-6; ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) • Itjhumi linye nemivo e-7; • Itjhumi linye nemivo e-8; begodu • Itjhumi linye nemivo e-9
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO CAPS : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) 1.5 Ukulemuka ubukhulu Thoma ukulemuka • Amabhlogo weDienes Ubukhulu bedijithi okungenani ubukhulu bedijithi Ngethemeni le iinsetjenziswa zokufundisa ubukhulu bedijithi bungakhuliswa. Amabhlogo bedijithi iinomboro zamadijithi okungenani iinomboro wesisekelo se-10 ama-2 ukufika ema-99 zamadijithi ama-2 (kuyincenye yamabhlogo weDienes) angathulwa ukuthuthukisa umqondo wesumi • Ukwazi bonyana idijithi ukufika ema-25 njengelinye elipheleleko begodu bonyana: ngayinye ijameleni • Ukwazi bonyana idijithi -- abokunye abali-10 benza itjhumi li-1; • Ukuphula iinomboro ngayinye ijameleni -- abokunye abama-20 benza amatjhumi ama-2; begodu zamadijithi amabili • Ukuphula iinomboro ukufika e-99 zibe zamadijithi amabili -- abokunye abali-16 benza itjhumi eli-1 nnemivo esi-6 ziimbuyeleli zetjhumi zibe ziimbuyeleli Nanyana abafundi basadinga ukubala nokubuthelela ngalitjhumi, bangatjengisa i-18 nemivo (TM) zetjhumi nemivo (TM) ngokubeka isitina sinye sangalitjhumi ndawonye abeke iintinyana ezibunane ezihlukeneko • Bona bewutjho • Bona bewutjho ukutjengisa inomboro. ubukhulu bedijithi ubukhulu bedijithi Abafundi bafanele begodu babuthelele ukutjengisa ama-20 ngayinye ngayinye Ukujamisela okulinganako NgeThemu leli umnqopho kubonisa ukujamiselela okulinganako lwenomboro efanako. Amatjhumi amabili kufanele ahlathululwe njengamatjhumi ama-2 (kusetjenziswa iinyanda nofana iinqhema zezinto) Nofana inqhema ezi-2 zamatjhumi. Kuqakathekile bonyana utjhengise abafundi bonyana ama-20 wezinto ezikhamba ngayinye, isiqhema sinye esinetjhumi begodu neenqhema ezimbili zakalitjhumi. Abafundi bafanele banikelwe ithuba lokuhlathulula amalungiselelo, batjho bonyana ngokuphi okuhlukileko nokuthi ngikuphi okufanako. • Amakarada wobukhulu bedijithi/ amakarada wamafladi Amakarada wobukhulu beditjhithi angaziswa abe asetjenziswe ngeThemu leli ukutjengisa bonyana iinomboro ziyakhiwa. Amakarada wobukhulu bedijithi angatjengiswa akhambisane neenyanda nofana iinqhema zezinto. • Ubungakho bedijithi Abafundi bafanele bathome batjho bonyana idijithi ngalinye lijamele ini? Buza abafundi: -- uli-7 ujamele liphi idigithi enomborweni ama-27? -- uku-2 ujamele yiphi idijithi enomborweni ama-29? Abafundi bafanele basebenzise amakarada wobungako bedijithi ukuqinisekisa iintatimende zabo. • Ukudlulela emathekistini atloliweko Ngesikhathi sokuzijamela abafundi bafanele babandakanywe emisetjenzaneni etlolwako eyakhako nehlanganisako: 219 -- Umqondo weenqhema zangalitjhumi nalezo ezihlukeneko zangakunye/imivo; begodu -- Nobukhulu bedijithi ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni 220 IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) 1.5 Ukulemuka ubukhulu Thoma ukulemuka Isibonelo: Ubukhulu bedijithi okungenani ubukhulu bedijithi Faka umbala emincameni eli-12 bedijithi iinomboro zamadijithi okungenani iinomboro ama-2 ukufika ema-99 zamadijithi ama-2 • Ukwazi bonyana idijithi ukufika ema-25 Faka umbala emincameni eli-16 ngayinye ijameleni • Ukwazi bonyana idijithi • Ukuphula iinomboro ngayinye ijameleni zamadijithi amabili • Ukuphula iinomboro Zaliselela ngenomboro engekho (lokhu kungenziwa nofana kuhlathululwe ngokusebenzisa ukufika e-99 zibe zamadijithi amabili ama-apharathasi aphathekako ziimbuyeleli zetjhumi zibe ziimbuyeleli i-18 = netjhumi li-1 nemivo ebu ____ nemivo (TM) zetjhumi nemivo (TM) ama-23 = namatjhumi ama_____ nemivo emi-3 • Bona bewutjho • Bona bewutjho Iinsetjenziswa eziphakanyisiweko ubukhulu bedijithi ubukhulu bedijithi ngayinye ngayinye Izinto ezingabuthelelwa: • Iingojwana zokubala • Izinto zokubala ezingathungelelwa • Iinthoro zomlilo ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 • Iingojwana ze-ayisikhrimu • Amakhyubsi angenelanako ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO CAPS : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) 1.6 Sebenzisa amathekhiniki Sebenzisa amathekhiniki Abafundi balindeleke bonyana basombulule imiraro yamagama ngokusebenzisa Amathek- alandelako nawurarulula alandelako nawurarulula amathekhiniki alandelako: hiniki wok- imiraro uhlathulule imiraro uhlathulule • Ukwakha nokuphula iinomboro neensombululo zemiraro: neensombululo zemiraro: • Ukubuyelela kabili nokuquntula phakathi urarulula • Amanambalayini imiraro • Imigwalonofana • Imigwalo nofana Imigwalo nofana ama-apharathasi aphathekako ama-apharathasi ama-apharathasi Abafundi bazokuragela phambili nokugwala iinthombe begodu basebenzise ama- aphathekako isib. izinto aphathekako isib. izinto apharathasi aphathekako ukusombulula imiraro. Kuqakathekile bonyana iinthombe nofana zokubala zokubala imigwalo kumumethe iinomboro begodu nemitjho yeenomboro. • Ukwakha nokuphula • Ukwakha nokuphula Ukwakha nokuphula iinomboro iinomboro Le ngenye yamathekhiniki aqakatheke khulu esigabeni sisekelo. Ukusebenzisa ithekhniki le kuvumela abafundi ukuhlukanisa nokuhlanganisa iinomboro ukulekelela ukwenza ukubalisa • Ukubuyelela • Ukubuyelela kube lula. Bazokusebenzisa ithekhniki le ngobubanzi nesigabeni esiphakathi. nokuhafula phakathi nokuhafula phakathi Ukubuyelela kabili nokuhafula phakathi • Amanambalayini • Amanambalayini Ithekhniki le inelwazi lezinto zephasi begodu ifuna umqondo weenomboro eqinileko. Abafundi abakghona ukukhetha ithekhniki le batjhuguluka lula emaqhingeni abawasebenzisako. Isibonelo: Umraro wamagama: ngelinye ilanga ekliniki abantwana abali-17 bahlatjwa injekhtjheni yomgomani. Ngelanga elilandelako abanye abali-16 nabo bahlatjwa injekhtjheni yomgomani. Abafundi abangaki abahlatjwe injekhtjheni nesele baboke? Umraro kufanele usombululwe ngokusebenzisa ukubuyelela kabili. Umfundi angahle athi buyelela kabili i-16 hlanganisa nanye nofana kubuyelele kabili i-17 ukhuphe yinye. Amanambalayini Ukusebenzisa inambalayini ngokulandelana kungavumela abafundi ukurhekhoda ukucabanga kwabo nokulandelela umtlala wayo. Begodu ivumela abafundi bonyana babe nomfanekiso wokurhekoda abangawusebenzisa ukuhlathulula bonyana bawusombulule bunjani umraro. Abafundi bathome ukusebenza ngenambalayini eGreyidini yo-1. Kwanje sekufanele bakghone ukwakha inambalayini enganalitho lapho bazokufaka khona inomboro yokuthoma begodu bakhetha bonyana bangasuka bunjani enomborweni enye ayekenye. NgeThemu le kuzokuba neraagelo phambili esakhiweni senambalayini. Isibonelo sokusebenzisa inambalayini ukurekhoda amathekhiniki wokubala: UZonke unamathoyi asi-6, uZanele unamanengi nga-6 kunoZonke. UZanele unamathoyi amanengi ngamangakhi? Abafundi bazokwakha inambalayini elandelako ukubasiza bonyana bafike bunjani ependulweni.   221 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Abafundi bangaphula i-6 ibe ziinqhema ezimbili. Inambalayini izokutjengisa imeqo yanga-2 kusuka esi-6. ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 222 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) 1.6 Sebenzisa amathekhiniki Sebenzisa amathekhiniki Isibonelo: Amathek- alandelako nawurarulula alandelako nawurarulula hiniki wok- imiraro uhlathulule imiraro uhlathulule urarulula neensombululo zemiraro: neensombululo zemiraro: imiraro • Imigwalonofana • Imigwalo nofana ama-apharathasi ama-apharathasi Abafundi nasele bazithemba ngokubala baye phambili kusukela enomborweni enikelweko. Inambalayini ithome esi-6. Ngendlela inambalayini le yakhiwe ngayo imetjha umqondo aphathekako isib. izinto aphathekako isib. izinto wokubala uye phambili. Kubalulekile bonyana abafundi babone Amanambalayini ezithoma zokubala zokubala eenomborweni ezihlukeneko nawuyisebenzisela ukubala uye phambili nofana ukuhlela • Ukwakha nokuphula • Ukwakha nokuphula iinomboro. Omunye angaphula isi-6 sibe zinqhema za-2 begodu uhlanganise uye phambii iinomboro iinomboro ukusuka esi-6. • Ukubuyelela • Ukubuyelela Isibonelo: nokuhafula phakathi nokuhafula phakathi • Amanambalayini • Amanambalayini U-12 angahafulwa begodu imeqo emi-3 yanga ku-2 iyarekhodwa. Isibonelo: ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 Abafundi bafanele banikelwe amathuba amanengi wokutjho bonyana inomboro ingatholakala bunjani nawusebenzisa inambalayini. Omunye angabuza: mimeqo enjani ehlukeneko esingayenza ukufika ku-15? Ukuze weqe ukuya eenomborweni abafundi bafanele bazi amabhondi ka-15 nofana bafanele bakwazi ukusenzisa inambalayini ukuze bathole ipendulo. Kuqakathekile bonyana abafundi bakhulume ngokuthi kufanele ube mude kangangani umeqo loyo. Ukuzijayeza imihlobo le yemisebenzi ulungiselela abafundi bonyana bakwazi ukusebenza ngomuda onganazo iinomboro. Nawusebenza ngenambalayini, abanye abafundi badinga ukubamba intambo enemincamo ibe ngaphezulu nofana ngaphasi kwenambalayini ukubasiza bonyana babale. Vumela abafundi bonyana bakhethe amathekhiniki abazizwa batjhaphulukileko nabawasebenzisako. Ngokunjalo, nangabe abafundi basebenzisa amathekhiniki layo abazizwa banganakghono kiwo, badinga bonyana balulekwe bonyana basebenzise leyo abayikghonako. Abafundi bazijayeza amaqhinga layo. Akutlogeki bonyana babe butjhelela ekuwasebenziseni. Yelela bonyana abafundi kanengi basebenzisa iindlela ezihlukeneko zokusombulula ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) umraro okungenzeka bonyana akusikho obekulindelwe ngutitjhere. Isibonelo, umraro wokuhlukanisa ungasombululwa ngokukhipha okubuyelelwe kabili. Iindlela zokwenza zabafundi kuzokutjhugulula ngokukhamba konyaka njengombana ukuzwisa nokujayela imihlobo yemiraro isiya ngokukhula begodu nomqondonomboro wabo uthuthuka
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO CAPS : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) 1.7 Rarulula imiraro Rarulula imiraro Ngikuphi okuhlukileko kuneGreyidini yoku-1? Ukuh- yamagama yamagama NgeThemu leli abafundi bazijayeza ukwenza imiraro yamagama bebasebenzela ukuba langanisa ezisebujameni ezisebujameni babantu abazithembako ekusebenziseni amathekhiniki alandelako nabasombulula imiraro: bewuhlathulule bewuhlathulule • Ukugwala nofana ama-apharathasi aphathekako nokukhupha iinsombululo zakho iinsombululo zakho zemiraro ezifaka zemiraro ezifaka • Ukwakha nokuphula ukuhlanganisa ukuhlanganisa • Ukubuyelela kabili nokuhafula nokukhupha nempendulo nokukhupha nempendulo ukufika e-99. ukufika e-20. • Amanambalayini Ethemini leli, nikela abafundi irhelebho elinengi emizameni yabo yokurekhoda nokujamiselela ukubala kwabo. Abafundi bafanele batlole phasi ukulandelana kweenomboro njengerekhodi lokusombulula imiraro. Kuqakathekile ukuqala bonyana ngibaphi abafundi abatlagako ukutlola umutjho wenomboro ukuthola umraro othile. Ihlobo lomraro 1: Itjhentjhi Hlanganyela Hlukanisa Umphumela UMoeketsi unamaswidi asi-6, Kunaswidi ali-15. UMoeketsie awaziwa uMahlodi umnikela amanye amane udla asi- 6. Kusele mangaki ngaphezulu. UMoeketsi unamaswidi wakaMahlodi? amangaki nasele awoke? Itjhentjhi UMoeketsi unamaswidi asi-6, utloga Moeketsi unamaswidi ali-15. ayaziwa amaswidi amangaki ngaphezu kwala UMahlodi udla ambadlwana. Kusele ukuze abe namaswidi ali-15? ali-9. UMahlodi udle amaswidi amangaki? Ukuthoma UMoeketsi unamaswidi UMoeketsi udle amaswidi. Unikela akwaziwa ambadlwana. UMahlodi umnikela ali- uMahlodi asi-6 kwanjesi usele 9 ngaphezulu. UMoeketsi uthome namaswidi abu-8. Uthome anamaswidi amangaki? anamaswidi amangaki? Ihlobo lomraro 2: Ukumadanisa Hlanganyela Hlukanisa Umphumela UMoeketsi unamaswidi asi-6. UMahlodi unamaswidi -15. awaziwa Itjhentjhi UMahlodi unamaswidi ali-9. UMahlodi unamaswidi asi- ayaziwa UMahlodi unamaswidi amanengi 6. Unamaswidi ali-9 angaphasi ngamgaki kuno Moeketsi? kunowaka Moeketsi. UMahlodi unamaswidi amangaki? 223 Ukuthoma UMahlodi unamaswidi -15. UMahlodi unamaswidi a 16. akwaziwa Unamaswidi amanengi nga-9 kuno UMoeketsi unamaswidi angaphasi Moeketsi. UMoeketsi unamaswidi nga-9 kuno Mahlodi. UMahlodi ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 amangaki? unamaswidi amangaki?
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 224 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) 1.7 Rarulula imiraro Rarulula imiraro Ihlobo lomraro 3: Ukulinganisa ` Ukuh- yamagama yamagama Hlanganyela okuhlukanisiweko langanisa ezisebujameni ezisebujameni Umphumela UMahlodi unamaswidi ali-15. UMahlodi unamaswidi ali-16. bewuhlathulule bewuhlathulule nokukhupha awaziwa UMoeketsi unamaswidi asi-6. UMoeketsi unamaswidi asi-6. iinsombululo zakho iinsombululo zakho Kudingeka amaswidi amangaki Kufanele uMoeketsi adle amaswidi zemiraro ezifaka zemiraro ezifaka okufanele uMoeketsi awathole ukuze amangaki ukuze abe namaswidi ukuhlanganisa ukuhlanganisa abe nalingana newaka Mahlodi? alingana newaka Moeketsi? nokukhupha nempendulo nokukhupha nempendulo Itjhentjhi UMoeketsi unamaswidi asi-6. UMoeketsi unamaswidi asi- ukufika e-99. ukufika e-20. ayaziwa Nakangathenga amanye ali -9 6. Nangabe uMahlodi angadla uzokuba namswidi alingana newaka amaswidi ali-9 azokulingana Mahlodi. UMahlodi unamaswidi namaswidi kaMoeketsi. UMoeketsi amangaki? unamaswidi amangaki? Ukuthoma UMahlodi unamaswidi ali-15. Nange UMahlodi unamaswidi ali-16. akwaziwa Moeketsi angathenga amanye Nangakhe adle amaswidi ali-9 amaswidi asi-9 angaba namaswidi angaba namaswidi alingana newaka alingana newaka Mahlodi. Moeketsi. UMoeketsi unamaswidi UMoeketsi unamaswidi amangaki? amangaki? ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 1.8 Rarulula imiraro Rarulula imiraro Ukubuyabuyelela Ukuh- yamagama yamagama Isendlalelo sokuzwisisa ukubuyabuyelela eGreyidini le kungeenqhema. Ukwenza iinqhema langanisa ezisebujameni ezisebujameni kungasiza abafundi ebujameni bokujamiselela ukubuyabuyelela. okubuyele- bewuhlathulule bewuhlathulule Kuneengaba ezintathu eziqakathekileko zobujamo bemiraro obufaka hlangana lweko iinsombululo zakho iinsombululo zakho ukubuyabuyelela kweenomboro ezipheleleko : kurholela zemiraro, ezifaka zemiraro, ezifaka ukuhlanganisa ukuhlanganisa • Iinqhema ezilinganako (isib. Amathebula kathathu, elinye nelinye linabantwana ekubuy- okubuyelelweko okubuyelelweko abathatho) layo ajanyiselelwe njengamasthi abuyelelweko. abuyeleleni okurholela okurholela • Ukubuyabuyelela kokumadanisa (isib. inani labendazana libuyabuyelela kathathu ekubuyabuyeleleni ekubuyabuyeleleni ukudlula labesana) okunempendulo ufikela okunempendulo ufikela • Ukurhemisa aboncamane (isib. Amareyi amane wabantwana abane): okujanyiselelwe e-50. e-20. njengamareyi namakholomu. Obunye nobunye ubujamo bungafaniswa neendlela ethile yokubuza umbuzo (bona iumhlobo wokusombulula imiraro eseGreyidini yesi-2 wesahluko sesi-2) Ubujamo bemiraro bokubuyabuyelela kufaka hlangana iinomboro ezintathu ezilandelanako ebedlelwaneni beembalo: • Ubunengi bezinto esedini ngayinye ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) • Ubunengi bamasethi • Isamba
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO CAPS : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) 1.8 Rarulula imiraro Rarulula imiraro Iimbonelo zemiraro ezingenziwa ngeThemu le Ukuh- yamagama yamagama Kulindelekile bonyana ngesikhathi kurarululwa imiraro elandelako, abafundi langanisa ezisebujameni ezisebujameni bazokusebenzisa iinthombe, imigwalo nofana ama-apharathasi aphathekako ukulekelela okubuyele- bewuhlathulule bewuhlathulule ukubala. Nangabe abafundi bagwala iinthombe ezibalekelela ukubala, imigwalo ifanele lweko iinsombululo zakho iinsombululo zakho itjengise isimo sokubuthelela. Abafundi bafanele bagqugquzelwe ukutlola imitjho kurholela zemiraro, ezifaka zemiraro, ezifaka yeenomboro yayoyoke imiraro yamagama. Lindela abafundi bonyana basebenzise ekubuy- ukuhlanganisa ukuhlanganisa ukuhlanganisa okubuyelelwe kabili komutjho weenomboro ukubonisa isisombululo. abuyeleleni okubuyelelweko okubuyelelweko Iimbonelo zemiraro ezingenziwa: okurholela okurholela ekubuyabuyeleleni ekubuyabuyeleleni Ukuhlanganisa okubuyelelwako okunempendulo ufikela okunempendulo ufikela • Imilelenjana emine inamavili amangaki? e-50. e-20. • Abafundi abali-7 banamehlo amangaki? Abafundi bangahle basombulule umraro ngendlela elandelako: Iinthombe nofana imigwalo kufanele zitjengise ukuhlela abantu/ izinto ngeenqhema Abafundi kufanele bagqugquzelwe ukubala ngaku-2 ukuze bathole ipendulo. Bafanele godu bagqugquzelwe bonyana bajamiselele ukubala kwabo ngemitjho yeenomboro.      2      +    2      +      2    +      2      +    2    +    2    +    2        =    14   Isilinganiso UThami usela iinkomitji zebisi ezi-3 ngamalanga. Usela iinkomitji ezingaki zebisi ngeveke? AmaGridi nofana ukurhemisa UMnumzana uKhumalo utjale amareyi ama-3 wekhabitjhi. Kuneetjalo zekhabitjhi ezi-5 ereyini. Kuneentjalo ezingaki zamakhabitjhi nasele zizoke? • Isivande somrorho sinamareyi ama-5 weentjalo elinye nelinye ireyi lineentjalo ezilinganako. Nange kunesamba seentjalo esi-15, ziintjalo ezingaki ezisereyini ngayinye? • Isivande semirorho sineentjalo ezi-18 ezitjalwe ereyini. Kuneentjalo ezi-6 ereyini ngayinye. Mangaki amareyi akhona sewawoke? 225 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 226 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) 1.9 Ukurarulula Ukurarulula Njengekubuyabuyeleni, isisekelo sokuzwisisa ukuhlukanisa eGreyidini leli, kukwaba Ukubuthele- imiraro yamagama imiraro yamagama ngokulingana nokubuthelela ngeenqhema. la nok- ezisebujameni ezisebujameni • Ukubuthelela (isib. kunabantwana abalitjhumi nambili, etafuleni ngayinye kunabantwana wabelana bewuhlathulule bewuhlathulule abane, kunamatafula amangaki?) okurholela iinsombululo zakho iinsombululo zakho • Ukwabelana (isib. Abantwana abalitjhumi nambili abangematafuleni amane, ekuhlu- ufake ukwabelana ufake ukwabelana kunabantwana abangaki etafuleni ngayinye? ) kaniseni ngokulingana ngokulingana nokubuthelela nokubuthelela Abanye abafundi bafika esikolweni bakghona ukwenza imiraro yokubuthelela nokwabelana ngeenqema ngeenqema ngokusebenzisa ama-apharathasi aphathekako.Ubujamo bemiraro yokubuyabuyelela kweenomboro kweenomboro nokuhlukanisa ifaka hlangana iinomboro ezintathu ezilandelanako ezisebudlelwaneni ezipheleleko ukufika ezipheleleko ukufika obuseembalweni: e-50 kanye nempendulo e-20 kanye nempendulo • Ubunengi bezinto obusesedini ngayinye ezingahle zifaka iinsalela ezingahle zifaka iinsalela • Ubunengi bamasedini • Isamba Iimbonelo zemiraro ezingenziwa ngeThemu leli. Ukwabelana ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 • Ngineempensela ezi-12 okufanele nginabele zona nobathathu ngokulinganako, ziimpensela ezingaki ezizokutholwa ngomunye nomunye wenu? • Kuneenkoloyi zokudlala ezi-18, ningazabelana ngokulingana phakathi kwenu nobabili? • Kunamapremu ali-16 nabantwana aba-8 babele ngokulingana, umntwana ngamunye uzokuthola amapremu amangaki? • UPopana unamathuthumbo ama-20 uwafaka ngemavasini ama-2. Kungene amathuthumbo amangaki evasini? • UTomi ubhaga amakhekhe a-8. Unamasimathisi ali-40. Angafaka amasimathisi amangaki ekhekheni ngalinye? Ukubuthelela • Ungenza iinkoloyi ezingaki nange unamavili abu-8? Iinthuthu zona zingaba zingaki? • Kunamahabhula ali-18 ngebhoksini kungazaliswa imigodla emingaki enamahabhula ama- 3 engazaliswa? • Umbhagi ubhaga amatjhatjhatjha ama-30. Ufaka amatjhatjhatjha asi-6 ngebhoksini elinye nelinye, uzokuzalisa amabhoksi amangaki? • Kunabantwana aba-16 ngendlini. Singenza iinqhema ezingaki ezinamalunga amane? ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) Ukurhemisa UMongezi upaka izinto zokubala ezi-20 emareyi ali-10. Kunezinto zokubala ezingaki ereyini nghalinye?
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO CAPS : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) 1.11 • Khumbula begodu • Khumbula begodu Ngikuphi okuhlukileko kuneGreyidini yoku-1? Imali ubone imali eziinhlavu ubone imali eziinhlavu NgeThemu le abafundi bazijayeza ukubona imali nokuphula imali ibe ziingcenye ezincani. zeSewula Afrika : (5c, zeSewula Afrika : (5c, Iimboniso zemiraro ezingenziwa ngeThemu leli 10c, 20, 50c, R1, R2; 10c, 20, 50c, R1, R2; R5) kunye nemali R5) kunye nemali • Ukuhlukanisela abantwana abane ama-50c ngokulinganako. Hlathulula bonyana yemaphepha (R10, yemaphepha (R10, ungakwenza bunjani? R20, R50). R20, R50). • Itjhapisi eyodwa Ibiza i-10c. UBusi usebenzisa ama-50c. Ungathenga amatjhapisi • Sombulula imiraro • Sombulula imiraro amangaki? efaka hlangana efaka hlangana • UThenji ubhadelela ama-R5 ukukhwela iteksi nakaya esikolweni, ubhadele ngemali amanani wemali amanani wemali yephepha ema-R20. Uzokubuyelwa yimalini itjhentjhi? Uzokusalelwa yimalini nasele netjhentjii yama R99 netjhentjii emasende abuyela ekhaya ngeteksi? neyamasende ukufika ukufika e-50c nofana • IFizipopo Ibiza R2-50, UPalesa ufuna ukuthenga amafizipopo a-4, unemali engange ama e-90c amaranda ukufikela –R8, 00. Ngabe unemali eyaneleko yokuthenga amafizipopo? Nangabe ayikaneli, udinga e-R20 imali engangani uPalesa? 227 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 228 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) 1.12 Sebenzisa amathekhiniki Sebenzisa amathekhiniki Ngikuphi okuhlukileko kuneGreyidini yoku-1? Amathekh- alandelako nawubalako alandelayo nawubalako Abafundi balindeleke bonyana basombulule imiraro yokubala esebujameni iniki • Imigwalo nofana • Imigwalo nofana obutjhaphulukileko kusetjenziswa amathekhiniki alandelako: (iindlela ama-apharethasi ama-apharethasi • Imigwalo nofana ama-apharathasi aphathekako namaqh- aphathekako aphathekako • Ukukwakha nokuphula iinomboro inga) njengezinto zokubala njengezinto zokubala • Ukubuyelela kabili nokuhafula phakathi • Ukwakha bewuphadhle • Ukwakha bewuphadhle • Amanambalayini iinomboro iinomboro Imigwalo namkha ama-apharathasi aphathekako • Ukubuyelela • Ukubuyelela nokuhafula phakathi nokuhafula phakathi Abafundi bazokuragela phambili nokugwala iinthombe begodu basebenzise ama- apharathasi ukusombulula imiraro. Kuqakathekile bonyana iinthombe nofana imigwalo • Iinamba layini • Iinamba layini emumethe iinomboro begodu nemitjho yeenomboro. Ukwakha nokuphula Le ngenye yamathekkhniki aqakathekileko esigabeni esisekelo (abafundi bazokusebenzisa ukusabalalisa njalonjalo esigabeni esiphakathi). Ukusebenzisa ithekhniki le kuvumela abafundi ukusabalalisa nokubuyisela iinomboro okulekelela ukubala kubelula. NgeThemu leli abafundi bazoku: ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 • Phula iinomboro kusetjenzisa ubukhulu bedijithi • Phula iinomboro kusetjenzisa isibuyabuyelelo se-10 noku • Phula iinomboro zikhambe ngazimbili isib. Ukukhamba ngakubili okwenza ama-20 Ukubuyelela kabili nokuhafula phakathi Abafundi baragela phambili nokusebenzisa ukubuyelela kabili nokuhlukanisa phakathi njengeqhinga lokubala. Amanambalayini Qala amanothi ukubona iimbonelo zokwenza inambalayini okusesigabeni esiphathelene nokusombulula imiraro. • Ukuhlanganisa nokukhupha Abafundi bafanele bakhe inambalayini okungeyabo begodu baphule iinomboro ngendlela yeengcenye eziphathekako. Isibonelo: 8 + 12 Inambalayini ifanele ithome ku-8 begodu abafundi batlama : ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) -- Imeqo emi 2 yesi 6 -- Imeqo emi 4 yaka- 3 -- Imeqo emi 3 yaka 4 -- Umeqo owodwa we-10 bese kube nemeqo waka-2
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO CAPS : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) 1.12 Sebenzisa amathekhiniki Sebenzisa amathekhiniki • Ukubuyelela Amathekh- alandelako nawubalako alandelayo nawubalako Amanambalayini kufanele ziragele phambili nokusetjenziswa ukulekelela ukuhlanganisa iniki • Imigwalo nofana • Imigwalo nofana ngokubuyelela. Umeqo olinganako urekhodwa enambalayini nemitjho elekelelako nayo (iindlela ama-apharethasi ama-apharethasi ingarekhodwa ngokunjalo. namaqh- aphathekako aphathekako Isibonelo: inga) njengezinto zokubala njengezinto zokubala 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 = 25 • Ukwakha bewuphadhle • Ukwakha bewuphadhle Iimeqo emi-5 yaku-5 yenza ama-25 iinomboro iinomboro Iinqhema ezi-5 zaku-5 = 25 • Ukubuyelela • Ukubuyelela nokuhafula phakathi nokuhafula phakathi 5 x 5 = 25 • Iinamba layini • Iinamba layini Ukubuyabuyelela okunikelweko, abafundi bafanele bakghone ukuhlathulula bonyana imeqo ingenziwaa njani enambalayinini. Vumela abafundi bonyana bakhethe amathekhiniki abazizwa batjhaphukile khulu. Nanyana kunjalo nangabe abafundi basebenzisa amathekhniki lawo abanganakghono badinga ukukhokhelwa bonyana basebenzise lawo abanekghono lokuwenza. Yelela bonyana abafundi kanengi bangahle basombulule umraro ngendlela utitjhere agade angakayilindeli. Isibonelo umraro wokuhlukanisa ungasombululwa ngokukhupha okubuyelelwe nofana ukubuyabuyelela. Iindlela abafundi zizokutjhuguluka ngokukhamba konyaka njengombana ukuzwisisa nokujayela umhlobo womraro ukhula, begodu njengembana umqondonomboro uthuthuka. 229 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 230 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) 1.13 • Hlanganisa ukusuka • Hlanganisa ukufika Ngikuphi okuhlukileko kuneGreyidini yoku-1? Ukuh- ema-99 ema-20 Kunomnqopho omkhulu ngokuthuthukisa amaqhinga wokubalisisa nofana amathekhiniki langanisa • Khupha ukufika ema- • Khupha ukusuka ema- ngeThemu leli. Ukuphula iinomboro ukuze ubale kuba ithekhniki ebalulekileko abafundi nokukhupha 99 20 abangawajayela. • Sebenzisa • Sebenzisa NgeThemu le iminqopho iba se: amatshwayo afaneleko amatshwayo afaneleko Kusebenziseni imisetjenzana yokwakha nokuphula iinomboro ezokulekelela ukuzwisisa ( +, -, =, ) ( +, -, =, ) ukuhlanganisa nokukhupha • Ukuzijayeza/ • Ukuzijayeza/ Abafundi bazijayeza ukuhlanganisa nokukhupha ukufika ema-20. Kuphakathi kwerherho Ukuphrakhthisa Ukuphrakhthisa leenomboro lezi bonyana abafundi bazokuthoma ukuthuthukisa umqondo wetjhumi ukulumbana ukulumbana neyunithi. kwenomboro ukufika kwenomboro ukufika Ukubala ngeenqhema kuhlala kubalulekile begodu abafundi bafanele bathome e-10 e-10 ukubona bonyana ukubala uye phambili ngabo kunye ngokulula akusilo iqhinga elilula. Kungaphakathi kwaleli irherho leenomboro lapho abafundi bafanele bacabange khulu ngamaqhinga lawo abawasebenzisa ukukhetha iindlela amaqhinga afaneleko wokubala kulekelela abafundi bonyana babe babali abanekghono. Ukuze kubalwe phakathi kwerherho leenomboro kusuka kuli-0 kufika ema-20 ilemuko ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 labafundi lifanele lifake hlangana: • Ukubala izinto; • Ukukhumbula, ukufunda nokutlola iinomboro; • Ukumadanisa nokuhlela iinomboro; • Ukukwa nokuphula iinomboro; • Ukuzijayeza ukuhlanganisa nokukhupha ukufika ema-20 • Ukubuyelela kabili nokuhafula phakathi noku • Ukutjho ngehloko amaphuzu weenomboro ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO CAPS : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) 1.13 • Hlanganisa ukusuka • Hlanganisa ukufika Amathekhiniki wokubala angenziwa wokubala nokukhupha Ukuh- ema-99 ema-20 Amathekhiniki atjengiswe ngenzasi avumela abafundi ukwenza ngokomthetho ukubala langanisa • Khupha ukufika ema- • Khupha ukusuka ema- nomqondo wenomboro. Ukujayeza amathekhiniki angenzasi azokugqugquzela abafundi nokukhupha 99 20 ukubonisa ngobudlelwana obuhlangana neenomboro begodu ifundisa abafundi bonyana • Sebenzisa • Sebenzisa bangasebenzisa bebenze ngokwelwazi labo ukuze babale. amatshwayo afaneleko amatshwayo afaneleko Beka inomboro ekulu maqangi ukuze babale bayephambili nofana emuva. ( +, -, =, ) ( +, -, =, ) 4 + 12 =  • Ukuzijayeza/ • Ukuzijayeza/ Ukuphrakhthisa Ukuphrakhthisa Hlela kabutjha 4 + 12 njengo 12 + 4 and babala on from 12. ukulumbana ukulumbana Ukubona okuseduze nokubuyelela kabili kwenomboro ukufika kwenomboro ukufika 8+7 e-10 e-10 Abafundi bangahlathulula bonyana isibalo singatlolwa bunjesi 8 + 8 -1 (buyelela kabili u 8 khupha u- 1) nofana 7 + 7 + 1 (buyelela kabili 7 hlanganisa no-1). Abafundi bangahle barekhode amaqhinga wabo basebenzisa abotjhobi 8 + 8 ➝ 16 + 1 = 15 Tjhugulula inomboro iye etjhumini bese ukhiphe nofana uhlanganise kunye Iqhinga leli lingafundiswa ngerherho leenomboro eziphasi bese isetjenziswa eenomborweni eziphezulu. 9+6= Abafundi bangathi ngokwabo “ngizokukhupha kunye koku-6 bese ngiyihlanganise koku-9 ukwenza i-10.” Ngakho ke 9 + 6 angatlolwa bunjesi 10 + 5 = 15. 8+5= Abafundi bangathi ngokwabo “ngizokukhupha okubili koku- 5 bese ngihlanganise no-8 ukwenza i-10.” Ngakho-ke 8 + 5 angatlolwa bunje 10 + 3 = 13. 231 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 232 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) 1.13 • Hlanganisa ukusuka • Hlanganisa ukufika Ukuphula inomboro ibe ziingcezu ezincani ukwenza ukubala kubelula Ukuh- ema-99 ema-20 Abafundi bazokuphula inomboro zibe ziingcezu ezihlukeneko lezo eziphathekako kibo langanisa • Khupha ukufika ema- • Khupha ukusuka ema- Ukubala uye phambili ngokuphula inomboro yinye nokukhupha 99 20 11 + 7 =  • Sebenzisa • Sebenzisa amatshwayo afaneleko amatshwayo afaneleko 11 + 4 + 3 ( +, -, =, ) ( +, -, =, ) 11 + 4 ➝ 15 + 3 = 18 • Ukuzijayeza/ • Ukuzijayeza/ Ukuphrakhthisa Ukuphrakhthisa ukulumbana ukulumbana 11 + 7 =  kwenomboro ukufika kwenomboro ukufika 11 + 5 + 2 e-10 e-10 11 + 5 ➝ 16 + 2 = 18 17 – 9 =  17 – (7 + 2) ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 17 – 7 ➝ 10 – 2 = 8 12 + 7 =  10 + 2 + 7 7+2 ➝ 9 + 10 = 19 Ukusebenzisa ilwazi lobudlelwano lokupherhuka hlangana nokuhlanganisa nokukhupha 15 – 9 =  Abafundi bayazi bonyana isibalo singabuyelelwa sitlolwe njengesibalo sokuhlanganisa: “ngiyazi bonyana i-9 +  = 15.” Umfundi angahle asebenzise ukubala uye phambili ukuze ukwazi ukubala. Ukulumbana kweenomboro Ukuze kujayezwe iukulumbana kweenomboro imisetjenzana ehlukahlukeneko kufanele ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) inikelwe abafundi. Lokhu kwenziwa ngesikhathi sokuzijamela. Inambalayini nayo ingasetjenziswa ukuzijayeza ibhondi ye-10.
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi CAPS ama -24) 1.14 • Hlanganisa • Hlanganisa Ngikuphi okuhlukileko eGreyidini yoku-1? Ukuh- ngokubuyelela ngokubuyelela Abafundi bazokutjhugulukela kusuka ekuhlanganiseni okubuyelelwako ukuya langanisa o.u.inomboro efanako o.u.inomboro efanako ekubuyabuyeleni. Bazothoma ukuzwisisa umqondo ophathelene nokubuyabuyelela. okubuyele- kufika ema-50 ukufika ema-20 Bazokubandakanywa emisetjenzaneni ebavumela bonyana babone ubudlelwana lweko • Buyabuyelela • Buyabuyelela beenomboro: okurholela iinomboro kusuka ku-1 iinomboro ukusuka • Inani lezinto esesethini/isiqhema ekubuy- ukufika e-10 nga 1, 2, kweyoku-1 kufika e-10, • Inani lamasethi nofana iinqhema abuyeleleni 5, 3 begodu nge-4 nga-2 • Isamba • Sebenzisa • Sebenzisa Abafundi bafika eGreyidini ye-2 bazwisisa ukuhlanganisa okubuyelelwe: amatshwayo afaneleko amatshwayo afaneleko Ekupheleni kweThemu bafanele bakghone uku: ( +, -, =, ) ( +, -, =, ) • hlobanisa ukubala ngokweqa nokuhlanganisa okubuyelelwe ukuzwisisa ukubuyabuyelela; • sebenzisa, ufunde begodu utlole itshwayo lokubuyabuyelela; • tlola umutjho weenomboro wokubuyabuyelela; noku • buyelela iinomboro kusuka kweyoku- 1 kufika e-10 nga- 2. Nakwenziwa imiraro yokusombulula yamagama, abafundi ngokulindelekileko okunengi bazokusebenzisa ukuhlanganisa okubuyelelwe, ngaphandle kwaleyo imiraro yamagama enokurhemisa imifanekiso. Kusebujameni obutjhaphukileko bonyana eminye imifanekiso yokubuyabuyelela ingasetjenziswa. Ukurhemisa Njengombana abafundi bathola ilemuko ngemihlobohlobo ehlukeneko yeembalo zamagama zokubuyabuyelela, ukuhlela iinqhema ngokurhemisa kunganikela isakhiwo sokutjengisa ukukhulumisana kweendabuko kokubuyabuyelela Isib. 2 x 4 ifana nokuthi 4 x 2 ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ 4+4=8 ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ 2+2+2+2=8 Ukusebenzisa ukurhemisa kuvumela u: • kwakha nokuphula iinomboro 233 • ukuhlanganisa ekubuyabuyelela begodo nokuhlanganisa okubuyelelweko • ukucabanga ngokubuyabuyelela njengokurhemisa begodu • kundlalela isisekelo somthetho wokuhlanekela ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 234 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) 1.14 • Hlanganisa • Hlanganisa Nqophisa itjhejo labafundi eenomborweni ezisemareyini nenani leezinto zokubala Ukuh- ngokubuyelela ngokubuyelela emareyini. langanisa o.u.inomboro efanako o.u.inomboro efanako ¥ ¥ okubuyele- kufika ema-50 ukufika ema-20 lweko • Buyabuyelela • Buyabuyelela ¥ ¥ okurholela iinomboro kusuka ku-1 iinomboro ukusuka ekubuy- ukufika e-10 nga 1, 2, kweyoku-1 kufika e-10, ¥ ¥ abuyeleleni 5, 3 begodu nge-4 nga-2 ¥ ¥ • Sebenzisa • Sebenzisa 4+4=8 amatshwayo afaneleko amatshwayo afaneleko Kunamareyi ama-4 wanga- 2, okwenza abe -8 nasele awoke. ( +, -, =, ) ( +, -, =, ) Abafundi kufanele godu barekhode ngendlela elandelako: ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ 2+2+2+2=8 Kunamareyi ama-2 wanga- 4. Okwenza abe -8 nasele awoke. ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 Igama elithi “buyabuyelela” lingethulwa: uku-4 ubuyabuyelela ka-2 kwenza ubu-8. Lokha abefundi sebanelemuko elaneleko, itshwayo lokubuyabuyelela lingethulwa ndawonye nelimi elilandelako elithuthukisiweko: kuneenqhema e-4 zika-2 abo-2 aba-4 2+2+2+2=8 Iinqhema ezi-4 zika-2 nofana uku-4 ubuyabuyelelwa ka-2 kulingana no-8 Nanyana itshwayo sele lithuliweko, amagama, iinthombe begodu nemifanekiso ebuyabuyelelweko ukulekelela ukuzwisisa itshwayo kuhlala kubalulekile. Imifanekiso yokuzwisisa ukubuyabuyelela: • Amakhyubsi weyunifikisi angasetjenziswa begodu angapakwa amakholomu ama-4 wamakhyubsi begodu lelinye nelinye ikholomu kungaba namakhyubsi ama-2. Lokhu kuvumela abafundi bonyana “kunamawobhu amane ewobhini ngalinye kunezinto ezi-2. Ivumela bonyana barekhode 2 +2 + 2 + 2 begodu iinqhema ezi- 4 zika-2 ngu 4 x 2. • Inambalayini ingasetjenziswa ukutjengisa ukuhlanganisa okubuyelelwe nofana iinqhema zeenomboro. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa khulu nokubala kokweqa. Abafundi bafanele bakghone ukurekhoda okulandelako: ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) Isiqhema si-1 sika- 2 ngu-2 nofana buyabuyelela u-1 ngaku-2 ngu-2 nofana 1 x 2 = 2 Iinqhema ezi-2 zika-2 ngu- 4 nofana buyabuyelela u-2 ngaku-2 ngu- 4 nofana 2 x 2 = 4 Iinqhema ezi-3 zika-2 ngu- 6 nofana buyabuyelela u-3 ngaku- 2 ngu 6 nofana 3 x 2 = 6
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi CAPS ama -24) 1.16 Umnqopho wenom- Umnqopho wenom- Ngikuphi okuhlukileko eGreyidini yoku-1? Iimbalo boro: irherho 99 boro: irherho 25 IThemu le inqophe eku: zehloko • Hlela isethi enikelweko • Hlela isethi enikelweko Ihlelo leembalo zehloko kufanele zithuthukiswe ngokuhleleke ngokuyelela unyaka woke. leenomboro leenomboro Abafundi abakafaneli ukubawiwa ukubala okungakhethiko ngamalanga. Njengombana ezikhethiweko ezikhethiweko abafundi baqeda iinhloko bebathuthukise amaqhinga wokubalisisa engcenyeni yesifundo • Madanisa iinomboro • Madanisa iinomboro ihlangothi lomraro lalokhu kungahlanganiswa nehlelo lembalo zehloko: ema-99 bewutjho ema-99 bewutjho bonyana ngiyiphi bonyana ngiyiphi Amaqhinga namakghono athuthukiswa ngesifundweni esiqakathekileko, bese siyajayezwa, enengi nofana encani enengi nofana encani ngezinye iinkhathi ngerhelo leenomboro ezincani; ehlelweni lembalo zehloko. nga-1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ne-10 nga-1, 2 ne-10 Ungahlalisa irherho leenomboro phasi ngeThemu yoku-1 bese lingezelelwe phakathi • Ukukhumbula • Ukukhumbula nonyaka. Ekuthomeni konyaka, irherho leenomboro namaqhinga wokubala angasekelwa masinyana: masinyana: ekuthuthukisweni eGreyidini yoku-1. • Ukukhumbula • Ukukhumbula Umqondonomboro: amaphuzu amaphuzu Imihlobo yeembonelo zemibuzo engabuzwa: wokuhlanganisa wokuhlanganisa nowokukhupha kufika nowokukhupha kufika Amagama weenomboro namatshwayo e- 20 e-10 Phakamisa ikarada nofana tlola igama lenomboro. Khetha umfundi bonyana atlole • Hlanganisa nofana Amaqhinga wembalo iinomboro ezimadanako. ukhuphe imbuyeleli zehloko Okunengi nofana okuncani ze-10 Ukusebenzisa Khuyini lokhu Amaqhinga wokubala amaqhinga wokubala Ukusebenzisa ukuhlanganisa • Kuncani ku-15 nga-1 amaqhinga wokubala nokukhupha ngekghono • Kunengi ku-9 nga-1 ukuhlanganisa elifaneleko: • Okunengi e-15 nga-10 nokukhupha ngekghono • Beka inomboro ekulu elifaneleko: maqangi ukuze ubale • Okuncani e-16 nga-10 • Beka inomboro ekulu uye phambili nofana Ngiliphi iledere lesi-5 lama Alfabethi? maqangi ukuze ubale ubale uye emuva Ngiyiphi inyanga yonyaka yesi-9? uye phambili nofana • Inambalayini. Ukuhlela nokumadanisa ubale uye emuva • Ukubuyelela kabili nokuhafula phakathi Ngikuphi okunengi: 12 nofana 21 • Inambalayini. • Ukubuyelela kabili • Ukwakha nokuphula Nginikela inomboro ehlangana kwe-17 ne-19 nokuhafula phakathi • Sebenzisa Amaqiniso ngokuhlanganisa nokukhupha: • Ukwakha nokuphhula ubudlelwano phakathi • Ukwazi ngehliziyo koke ukuhlanganisa nokukhupha kwenomboro kokulumbana • Sebenzisa kokuhlanganisa kweenomboro ze-10 ubudlelwano phakathi nokukhupha  +  = 10 kokuhlanganisa +=8 nokukhupha 235 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 236 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) 1.16 Amaqhinga wokubala Amaqhinga wembalo Amaqiniso wokuhlanganisa nokukhupha nazozoke iinomboro ukufika okufaka hlangana Iimbalo • Ukusebenzisa zehloko ne-10 zehloko amaqhinga wokubala Ukusebenzisa 1 + 9 = 10 9 + 1 = 10 ukuhlanganisa amaqhinga wokubala 2 + 8 = 10 8 + 2 = 10 nokukhupha ukuhlanganisa ngekghono elifaneleko: nokukhupha ngekghono 8–4=4 8–4=4 • Beka inomboro ekulu elifaneleko: 8–5=3 8–3=5 maqangi ukuze ubale • Beka inomboro ekulu Ukukhumbula masinyana ukuhlanganisa okubuyelelwa kabili ukufika e-10. Lokhu kufanele uye phambili nofana maqangi ukuze ubale kufake hlangana amaqiniso nokukhipha okukhambisanako. ubale uye emuva uye phambili nofana • 1+1=2 • Inambalayini. ubale uye emuva • 2+2=4 • Ukubuyelela kabili • Inambalayini. • 3+3=6 nokuhafula phakathi • Ukubuyelela kabili • 4+4=8 • Ukwakha nokuphhula nokuhafula phakathi • 5 + 5 = 10 • Sebenzisa • Ukwakha nokuphula Ngitjengisa inomboro engingayihlanganisa .........ukwenza i-10. ubudlelwano phakathi • Sebenzisa kokuhlanganisa ubudlelwano phakathi ( Tlola phasi nofana usebenzise ubukhulu bedijithi nofana amakarada weFlardi) nokukhupha kokuhlanganisa • 8 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 nokukhupha • 2 • 9 • 5 • 3 Ngitjengise inomboro etjhiyiweko lokha...............ekitjhwe e-10. (Tlola phasi nofana usebenzise ubukhulu bedijithi nofana amakarada weFlardi) • 5 • 3 • 6 • 1 • 7 Ezinye iimbalo zehloko zingenziwa ngaphandle kwama-apharathasi, nokho kanengi kuqakathekile ukwenza imbalo zehloko ngama-apharathasi begodu wenze amarekhodi walokho okwenziweko. Ama-apharathasi aphakanyisiweko • Inambalayini (ehlelekileko begodu engenalitho) ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) • iGridi yenomboro • amakarada wobukhulu bedijithi (amakarada weFladi) • imincamo yokubala
IGREYIDI YESI-2 ITHEMU YOKU-1 2. AMAPHETHENI, AMAFANKTJHINI NE-ALJIBHRA CAPS UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) 2.1 Ukukopa, ungezelele Ukukopa, ungezelele Ukukopa iphetheni kusiza abafundi ukubona ilojikhi yokuthi iphetheni yenzwe njani. Isifundo esi-1 Amapheth- nokuhlathulula nokuhlathulula Ukungezelela iphetheni kusiza abafundi ukubona bonyana bayizwisisile ilojikhi yephetheni. eni weJi- Ukukopa ,ungezelele Ukukopa ,ungezelele Ukuhlathulula iphetheni kusiza abafundi ukuthuthukisa amakghono welimi nokukhuluma. yomethri nokuhlathulula nokuhlathulula Kuyosiza wena ukubona bonyana abafundi bahlathulula njani amaphethini ngamagama ngamagama Kuvame ukuba lula ebafundini ukukhuluma ngephetheni ngemuva kokuyenza. Abafundi • Amaphetheni alula • Amaphetheni alula bathloga bonyana babandulwe bonyana bafune ini begodu bayihlathulule njani iphetheni. enziwe ngezinto enziwe ngezinto Ungabafanisela ngokubabuza imibuzo enjenge. eziphathekako eziphathekako “Ubona ubujamo obunjani ephetheneni le?” • Amaphetheni alula • Amaphetheni alula “Zinemibala efanako?” enziwe ngemigwalo enziwe ngemigwalo “Ubona ubujamo bunye nofana ubujamo obunengi ephetheneni?” yemida, ubujamo yemida, ubujamo nafana izinto. nafana izinto. “Ingabe zoke izinto ziqale endaweni yinye?” Tlama begodu Tlama begodu “Kunenomboro ezifanako zezinto esiqhemeni ngasinye?” uhlathulule uhlathulule “Zizinto ezingaki esiqhemeni ngasinye?” amaphetheni wakho amaphetheni wakho “Ingabe ubujamo boke buyalingana?” njll Yenza amaphetheni Yenza amaphetheni Faka ubujamo obungubusobubili beJiyomethri begodu nobujamo bezinto ezibusobantathu weJiyomethri weJiyomethri beJiyomethri lokho abafundi abakufundile. Abafundi bangenza ubujamo bakabusobubili • Ngezinto • Ngezinto ngokuqunta amaphepha nofana amakarada, nofana bangazigwala. Bangenza amaphetheni eziphathekako eziphathekako ngobujamo bebhoksi, ubujamo bebholo nesilinda abazenze ngebumba nofana ngehlama • Ngokugwala imida, • Ngokugwala imida, yokudlala. amajamo nofana izinto amajamo nofana izinto Amaphetheni angenziwa ngokusebenzisa ubujamo obubodwa kodwana umbala wezinto Amaphetheni utjhuguluke ngendlela ejayelekileko. asizombelezileko Isibonelo : Ukubona, ukuhlathulula   ngamagama nokukopa amaphetheni weJiyomethri Amaphetheni angenziwa ngeenqhema ezifanako ezibuyelelweko, lapho isiqhema ngasinye • Ngokwemvelo, sinomhlobo munye wento, kodwana indawo yezinto eenqhemeni iyatjhughuluka. Iinqhema ezifanako ziyabuyelelwa isib. • Kusukela epilweni yangamalanga yesimodeni, 237 • Kusukela kezamagugu nendabuko yethu. ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 238 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) 2.1 Ukukopa, ungezelele Ukukopa, ungezelele Isibonelo : Isifundo esi-1 Amapheth- nokuhlathulula nokuhlathulula   eni weJi- Ukukopa ,ungezelele Ukukopa ,ungezelele yomethri nokuhlathulula nokuhlathulula ngamagama ngamagama • Amaphetheni alula • Amaphetheni alula enziwe ngezinto enziwe ngezinto eziphathekako eziphathekako • Amaphetheni alula • Amaphetheni alula enziwe ngemigwalo enziwe ngemigwalo yemida, ubujamo yemida, ubujamo nafana izinto. nafana izinto. Emaphethenini amanye izinto ezahlukeneko ziyasetjenziswa ukwenza iinqhema, kodwana Tlama begodu Tlama begodu iinqhema zezinto ziyabuyelelwa ngendlela efana patsi. uhlathulule uhlathulule Isibonelo : amaphetheni wakho amaphetheni wakho Yenza amaphetheni Yenza amaphetheni   ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 weJiyomethri weJiyomethri • Ngezinto • Ngezinto eziphathekako eziphathekako Emaphethenini amanye ubukhulu bezinto eenqhemeni buyatjhuguluka, kodwana iinqhema • Ngokugwala imida, • Ngokugwala imida, ziyabuyelelwa ngendlela efanako. amajamo nofana izinto amajamo nofana izinto   Amaphetheni asizombelezileko Ukubona, ukuhlathulula ngamagama nokukopa amaphetheni Abafundi bangenza amaphetheni ngokuthungelela imincamo. Ukwenza amaphetheni weJiyomethri kungenziwa eemfundweni zamakghono wepilo. • Ngokwemvelo, • Kusukela epilweni yangamalanga yesimodeni, • Kusukela kezamagugu nendabuko yethu. ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO CAPS : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) 2.2 Ukukopa, ukungezelela Ukukopa, ukungezelela Ukulandelana kweenomboro kungahlahlotjaniswa begodu kusekele ukubala. Lokha Iimfundo ezi- 3 Amaphe- nokuhlathulula nokuhlathulula amakghono wabafundi atjhuguluka begodu athuthuka, imihlobo yokulandelana theni Ukukopa, ukungezelele Ukukopa, ukungezelele kweenomboro abafundi abasebenza ngakho kungathuthuka. weenom- nokuhlathulula nokuhlathulula Ukulandelanisa kufanele kubonise ukubala uye phambili nemuva nga: boro ukulandelanisa ukulandelanisa • ku-1 ukusuka kwenye nenye inomboro hlangana no-1 ne-100 kwenomboro elula kweenomboro okulula • li-10 ukusukela kwenye nenye inomboro ebala ngali-10 ehlangana no-1 ne- 100 ukufika e-200 ukufika e-100 • Ku-5 ukusukele kwenye nenye inomboro ebala nga ku-5 ehlangana no–1 ne- 100 Tlama begodu Ukulandelana kufanele kubonise ukubala uye • Ku-2 ukusukela kwenye nenye inomboro ebala nga-2 ehlangana no–1 ne-100 uhlathulule amaphetheni wakho phambili nemuva nga: Egreyidini ye-2 abefundi babala baye phambili nga-10, 5 kanye na 2 kokuthoma. Tlama begodu • Ku-1 ukusuka kwenye Abafundi bangakhomba iinomboro lokha nababalako. Kuqakathekile bonyana unikele uhlathulule amaphetheni nenye inomboro abafundi ukulandelana kweenomboro okujamiselelweni okuhlukeneko. isib weenomboro hlangana ne-0 ne-100 • Ukulandelanisa kweenomboro okutloliweko 100; 99; 98; 97; 96; ... • Li-10 ukusuka • Amanambalayini kesinye nesinye • Igridi yeenomboro isibuyabuyelelo se-10 hlangana ne-0 ne-100 • Iketani yeenomboro • Ku-5 ukusuka Abafundi bangagubuzesa, bafake umbala, nofana bazungelezele iinomboro lokha kesinye nesinye nababalako. isibuyabuyelelo saka Abafundi bangazalisela iinomboro ezitjhiyiweko enambalayinini, egridini yeenomboro, ku-5 hlangana ne-0 ekulandelaneni kweenomboro ezitloliweko begodu emaketanini weenomboro. Isib. ne-100 • Ku-2 ukusuka kesinye nesinye isibuyabuyelelo saka ku-2 hlangana ne-0 ne-100 Ekupheleni kweThemu, abafundi babala umsebenzi ngokulandelanisa ukusuka nokufika e-100 239 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
IGREYIDI YESI-2 ITHEMU YOKU-1 3. ISIKHALA NOBUJAMO (JIYOMETHRI) 240 UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) 3.2 Izinto Izinto Ngikuphi okuhlukileko eThemini yoku- 1? Iimfundo ezi-3 Izinto ezibu- ezihlukahlukeneko ezihlukahlukeneko • Amasilinda matjha eGreyidini yesi-2 kodwana angavezwa eThemini yesi- 3. sontathu Ukukhumbula nokutjho Ukukhumbula nokutjho EThemini yoku-1, abafundi banga buyekeza begodu banzinzise abakwenze eGreyidini abobusontathu (3-D) abobusontathu (3-D) (3-D ) yoku-1. Abafundi bangaqalana namasilinda eThemini yesi-3. abakhona ngetlasini abakhona ngetlasini neenthombeni neenthombeni Umsebenzi omnengi wezinto ezibusontathu (3-D) eGreyidini yesi-2 kufanele wenziwe • Ubujamo beembholo, • Ubujamo beembholo, ngezinto eziphathekako / ezithintekako. Iphasi silibona ngamahlangothi amathathu, ngakho (indulungu) (indulungu) ke ukuthoma ngezinto eziphathekako kusiza abafundi bona bakhele phezu kwelwazi/ • Ubujamo bebhoksi • Ubujamo bebhoksi kwelemuko abeza nalo esikoloweni. (amaphrizimu) (amaphrizimu) Abafundi abanengi abancani bayatlhaga ukuhlathulula izinto zejiyomethri ezibusontathu • Isilinda Amatshwayo wezinto (3-D) kusuka eenthombeni. Ukusebenza ngezinto eziphathekako kusiza abafundi bona barhumutjhe iinthombe zobujamo beJiyomethri ngokukhamba kwesikhathi. Lokha Amatshwayo wezinto Hlathulula, ubeke ngamananeko nawuphethe into yamambala ephathekako, ungayijikajikisa uyiqale mahlangothi woke. Hlathulula, ubeke Ungakghona ukubona bonyana iqaleka injani kusuka ngemuva nangaphasi. ngamananeko begodu umadanise ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 begodu umadanise izinto ezinobujamo Lokha nawuphethe isithombe kwaphela, kufanele ubone ngelihlo lemgqondo iingcenye izinto ezinobujamo babobusontathu ezingabonakaliko emgwalweni lowo. Lokhu akusilula njalo ebafundini abancani. Lokha babobusontathu (3-D) (3-D) ngokucala abafundi banikelwe ihlathululo yento kuphela ngaphandle kokuthi bayibone nofana ngokucala okulandelako: okulandelako: bayiphathe, kuba nzima khulu ukuzwisisa ubujamo bento ngokupheleleko. • isayizi • isayizi Ukwakha ngezinto ezibusontathu ( 3-D) • izinto ezigedekako • izinto ezigedekako Abafundi bakopulula isifaniso sento ethile obanikela yona wena njengotitjhere isib. • izinto ezitjhelelako • izinto ezitjhelelako Umbhotjhongo, irobodo, isitimela, iteksi, indlu yekosi (ikhasele) njll. Iimfaniso nofana Imisebenzi Imisebenzi izakhiwo zingenziwa ngokusebenzisa amabhlogo wokwakha, imatheriyali engabuye okunqotjhiswe kiyo okunqotjhiswe kiyo isetjenziswe godu, amakhithi wokwakha nezinye izinto ezibusontathu Tjheja begodu wakhe Tjheja begodu wakhe (3-D) zejiyomethri, nokusika izinto ezinobujamo babobusobubili (2-D). izinto ezibusontathu izinto ezibusontathu Lokhu kungenziwa ngesikhathi sokusebenza ngokuzijamela. Kuqakathekile bona abafundi (3-D) ngokusebenzisa (3-D) ngokusebenzisa bakhulume ngemifanekiso abayenzileko. Isibonelo, lookha kwakhiwe umbhotjhongo umatheriyali umatheriyali ngamabhoksi nofana ngamabhlogo, ungabuza abafundi bonyana, “umjbhotjhongo ophathekako nokusika ophathekako nokusika ungawakha ngeembholo kuphela na?” kufanele bahlathulule ipendulo yabo. izinto ezinobujamo izinto ezinobujamo obubusobubili obubusobubili Ukumadanisa nokuhlathulula izinto ezibusontathu ( 3-D): isayizi (2-D), amabhlogo (2-D), amabhlogo Abafundi bamadanisa isayizi yezinto ezifanako isib. wokwakha, umetheriyali wokwakha, umetheriyali • Ukuhlela iimbholo ngamasayizi wawo ;noku ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) obuyelelwa usetjenziswe, obuyelelwa usetjenziswe, • Sebenzisa ilimi lesayizi ukmadanisa izinto: “Ibhoksi likhulu kunebholo, ngoba ngingafaka ikhithi yokwakha, nezinye ikhithi yokwakha, nezinye ibholo ngaphakathi kwebhoksi.” izinto ezibusontathu (3- izinto ezibusontathu D) zejiyomethri (3-D) zejiyomethri.
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO CAPS : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) 3.2 Izinto Izinto Ukuhlathulula izinto ezinobujamo obubusontathu (3-D): umbala Izinto ezibu- ezihlukahlukeneko ezihlukahlukeneko Abafundi bakhuluma ngemibala yezinto begodu bahlele ngeengaba izinto ngokuya sontathu Ukukhumbula nokutjho Ukukhumbula nokutjho ngemibala yazo. (3-D ) abobusontathu (3-D) abobusontathu (3-D) Ukubona nokutjho izinto nemibala yazo, nokumadanisa amasayizi wezinto abakhona ngetlasini abakhona ngetlasini kungaphrakthiswa ngesikhathi sokusebenza ngamaphetheni. neenthombeni neenthombeni Izinto ezibusontathu (3-D) eGreyidini yesi- 2 • Ubujamo beembholo, • Ubujamo beembholo, Abafundi basebenza nge/nga: (indulungu) (indulungu) • iimbholo nezinto ezinobujamo obufana neembholo; na • Ubujamo bebhoksi • Ubujamo bebhoksi (amaphrizimu) (amaphrizimu) • mabhoksi ahlukahlukeneko nezinye izinto ezinobujamo obufana namaphrizimu, aboncamane nofana amakhuyubhu. Abafundi bayaphenya bona ngiziphi izinto • Isilinda Amatshwayo wezinto ezigedekako, ngiziphi ezitjhelelako. Amatshwayo wezinto Hlathulula, ubeke Ukunqophisa ezintweni ezinamatshwayo abusontathu ( 3-D) Hlathulula, ubeke ngamananeko begodu umadanise Abafundi bangenza umtjhelelo nofana indawo eyehlelako ngokubeka ibhoksi ngaphasi ngamananeko izinto ezinobujamo kwehlangothi elithize lencwadi ekulu. Bangathoma ke benze isitjengiso–mbono ukwenzela begodu umadanise babobusontathu ukubona bonyana izinto ziyatjhelela nofana ziyagedeka na. izinto ezinobujamo babobusontathu (3-D) (3-D) ngokucala Lokhu kuliragelo phambili lalokho abakwenze eGreyidini yoku-1, kodwana ngalesisikhathi ngokucala okulandelako: okulandelako: amasilinda nawo afakiwe. • isayizi • isayizi • izinto ezigedekako • izinto ezigedekako • izinto ezitjhelelako • izinto ezitjhelelako Imisebenzi Imisebenzi okunqotjhiswe kiyo okunqotjhiswe kiyo Abafundi nabo banga phenya bona bangapakelanisa izinto nofana imibhotjhongo Tjheja begodu wakhe Tjheja begodu wakhe basebenzisa amabholo kuphela nofana amabhoksi kuphela. izinto ezibusontathu izinto ezibusontathu Ukukhumbula nokutjho iimbholo (iindulungu) namabhoksi (amaphrizimu) (3-D) ngokusebenzisa (3-D) ngokusebenzisa Abafundi kufanele banikelwe imihlobohlobo yezinto okufanele baberege ngazo : umatheriyali umatheriyali • amabumbeko afana neendulungu ,isib iimbholo zamasayizi angalinganiko nofana ophathekako nokusika ophathekako nokusika abomabula, amalamune njll.; nama izinto ezinobujamo izinto ezinobujamo • phrizimu afana neendulungu, okufana namabhlogo, iintina, amabhoksi wamasayizi obubusobubili obubusobubili ahlukahlukeneko, isib. Amabhoksi womlilo, amabhoksi wamasiriyeli, amabhoksi wetiye, (2-D), amabhlogo (2-D), amabhlogo amabhoksi wesibha samazinyo. wokwakha, umetheriyali wokwakha, umetheriyali Abafundi bangathola izinto ezibumbeke njengebholo (iindulungu), nofana ebumbeke njenge obuyelelwa usetjenziswe, obuyelelwa usetjenziswe, bhoksi (amaphrizimu) lokha nabanikelwe ibuthelelo lezinto. Abafundi bangathola nofana ikhithi yokwakha, nezinye ikhithi yokwakha, nezinye batjengise izinto ezibumbeke njengamabhoksi (amaphrizimu) ngetlasini. Isib. isitina lesi 241 izinto ezibusontathu (3- izinto ezibusontathu sibumbeke njengebhoksi nofana ilamune leli libumbeke njenge bholo. D) zejiyomethri (3-D) zejiyomethri. ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 242 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) 3.2 Izinto Izinto Ngesikhathi sokufunda ngokuzijamela, abafundi bangaragela phambili ngoku: Iimfundo ezi-3 Izinto ezibu- ezihlukahlukeneko ezihlukahlukeneko • hlela izinto ngama sayizi; sontathu Ukukhumbula nokutjho Ukukhumbula nokutjho • hlela izinto ngemibala; (3-D ) abobusontathu (3-D) abobusontathu (3-D) • ukwakha ngezinto; no abakhona ngetlasini abakhona ngetlasini neenthombeni neenthombeni • kwenza iimbholo nobujamo bebhoksi (amaphrizimu) ngedaka nofana ihlamayokudlala. • Ubujamo beembholo, • Ubujamo beembholo, Imisebenzi etlolwako (indulungu) (indulungu) Nanoma umsebenzi omnengi wamabumbeko wezinto ezibusontathu • Ubujamo bebhoksi • Ubujamo bebhoksi (3-D) zenziwa ngokwenza, umsebenzi kufanele uhlanganiswe ngomsebenzi ngokutlolwako. (amaphrizimu) (amaphrizimu) Ilimi • Isilinda Amatshwayo wezinto Kuqakathekile ukuthuthukisa ikghono lomfundi lokukhuluma ngamabumbeko Amatshwayo wezinto Hlathulula, ubeke abobusontathu (3-D). Hlathulula, ubeke ngamananeko • Ilimi lesayizi: kukhulu , kukhudlwana, kukhulu khulu, kuncani, kuncazana , kuncani khulu ngamananeko begodu umadanise • Imibala begodu umadanise izinto ezinobujamo babobusontathu • Ilimi lezinto ngokwazo: Amabhoksi, iimbholo (akukalindeleki bona abafundi bazi igama izinto ezinobujamo elithi indulungu) ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 babobusontathu (3-D) (3-D) ngokucala ngokucala okulandelako: okulandelako: • Ilimi lobujamo ukuhlathulula ukwakha isib. phezulu kwe, ngaphasi, ngemuva; ngaphambili; qadi kwe, malungana ne, ngaphasi, ngehla, eduze, hlangana, ngaphakathi, • isayizi • isayizi ngaphandle. • izinto ezigedekako • izinto ezigedekako Ilimi lesayizi nombala lingathuthukiswa ngesikhathi seemfundo zeLimini nofana • izinto ezitjhelelako • izinto ezitjhelelako Emakghonweni wePilo, begodu zisetjenziswe nofana ziphrakthiswe ngesikhathi Imisebenzi Imisebenzi seemfundo zeeMbalo. Ilimi lobujamo lingathuthukiswa ngesikhathi sesifundo seLimini okunqotjhiswe kiyo okunqotjhiswe kiyo nofana Emakghonweni wePilo begodu ngesikhathi abafundi banqophene ngqo nobujamo. Tjheja begodu wakhe Tjheja begodu wakhe Lingasetjenziswa nofana lijayezwe lokha abafundi basebenza ngamabumbeko anobujamo izinto ezibusontathu izinto ezibusontathu obubusontathu (3-D). (3-D) ngokusebenzisa (3-D) ngokusebenzisa umatheriyali umatheriyali ophathekako nokusika ophathekako nokusika izinto ezinobujamo izinto ezinobujamo obubusobubili obubusobubili (2-D), amabhlogo (2-D), amabhlogo wokwakha, umetheriyali wokwakha, umetheriyali obuyelelwa usetjenziswe, obuyelelwa usetjenziswe, ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) ikhithi yokwakha, nezinye ikhithi yokwakha, nezinye izinto ezibusontathu (3- izinto ezibusontathu D) zejiyomethri (3-D) zejiyomethri.
IGREYIDI YESI-2 ITHEMU YOKU-1 4. UKUMEDA CAPS UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) 4.1 Ukutjho isikhathi Ukutjho isikhathi EGreyidini yoku-1 abafundi bakhulume ngokulandelako: Isikhathi • Ukwazi amalanga • Ukwazi amalanga • landelanisa izehlakalo; begodu weveke weveke • nobude besikhathi • Ukwazi iinyanga • Ukwazi iinyanga Bafunde ngamalanga weveke begodu naweenyanga zonyaka begodu basebenzisa lokhu zonyaka zonyaka nawamanye amalimi ukukhuluma ngokulandelanisa izehlakalo zepilo yabo. Bakhuluma • Ukubeka amalanga • Ukubeka amalanga ngokuthi izinto zithatha isikhathi esingangani, ngokusebenzisa ilimi njengokuthi isikhathi wamabeletho, wamabeletho, eside nofana isikhathi esifitjhani begodu msinyana, buthaka. amafestivali wezekolo, amafestivali wezekolo, Abafundi bahlela ukulandelana kweenthombe njenga: amaholideyi amaholideyi • amagadango wokwenza iimbedlezwana nofana ikopi letiye; womphakathi, womphakathi, iminyanya iminyanya • iinthombe ezitjengisa ukukhula kwesana lize libe mumuntu omdala; wezomlando, wezomlando, • umzombelezo wepilo yeembandana, isib. Iqanda liba yikukhu, nofana iqanda liba izehlakalo zesikolo izehlakalo zesikolo sirhwerhwe nofana iqanda liba iviyaviyani;begodu ezisekhalendeni. ezisekhalendeni. • izehlakalo eziqhelileko zelanga (ukuvuka, ukuba sesikolweni, ukudlala, ukudla ukudla • Ukutjho isikhathi • Ukutjho isikhathi sama- kwantambama, ukulala). sama-iri ali-12 ngama- iri ali-12 ngama-iri Babeka amalanga wamabeletho umnyaka woke. iri,ngesiquntu se-iri ngamawatjhi we- EGreyidini yesi-2 abafundi baragela phambili ukuzijayeza ukukhuluma ngobude besikhathi begodu nangekota analogo begodu nangokulandelanisa isikhathi. Ngesikhathi sokufundisa itlasi loke nesikhathi ye-iri sokufundisa ngeenqhema ezinqotjhiweko, abafundi baragela phambili ukukhuluma Ukubala ubude ngamalanga weveke, ngeenyanga zonyaka begodu nangelanga lamhlokho, nangamalanga besikhathi nokudlula adlulileko begodu nangamalanga asezako. Abafundi bajayela amakhalenda ngokuragela kwesikhathi phambili ngokubeka: Ukusebenzisa • amalanga wamabeletho; amakhalenda ukubala • amafestivali wezekolo, nokuhlathulula ubude besikhathi ngamalanga • iminyanya wezomlando, nofana ngeemveke. • izehlakalo zesikolo; Ukusebenzisa amawatjhi • amaholideyi womphakathi, ezisekhalendeni. ukubala ubude besikhathi Ngesikhathi sokusebenza ngokuzijamela abafundi baragela phambili nokulandelanisa ngama-iri, ngesiquntu izehlakalo zepilo yabo begodu balandelanisa iinthombe zezehlakalo ngefanelo. se-iri nofana ngekotara yama-iri. 243 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 244 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) 4.1 Ukutjho isikhathi Ukutjho isikhathi Ngikuphi okuhlukileko egreyidini yoku-1? Iimfundo ezi-2 Isikhathi • Ukwazi amalanga • Ukwazi amalanga Umnqopho wegreyidi yesi-2 usitjela ngesikhathi, khulukhulu ngokufunda iwatjhi. EThemini weveke weveke yoku-1 abafundi banqophisa ukulalelisisa kwabo ekukhulumeni ngesikhathi ngama- • Ukwazi iinyanga • Ukwazi iinyanga awa, ngokusebenzisa iwatjhi ye-analogo kodwana, abafundi bafanele batjho isikhathi zonyaka zonyaka sezehlakalo esiqhelileko selanga esenzeka njalo. Isibonelo, abafundi bangabawiwa bonyana batjho bonyana isikolo singena sikhathi bani, isikhathi sokudla sinini begodu • Ukubeka amalanga • Ukubeka amalanga isikolo siphuma nini, nofana batjhintja nini ukusuka kesinye isifundo ukuya kwesinye. wamabeletho, wamabeletho, Khetha iinkhathi lapho iwatjhi itjengisa isikhathi poro. Kuqakathekile bonyana kube newatjhi amafestivali wezekolo, amafestivali wezekolo, esebenzako ibekwe ngetlasini, ukuze abafundi baqale kiyo. Abafundi bangenza iimfaniso amaholideyi amaholideyi zamawatjhi. Ungababawa bonyana bakutjengise iinkhathi ezihlukileko begodu ufake womphakathi, womphakathi, neembalo, isib. Ngitjengise i-iri le-10 ehloko. Ngitjengise bonyana kuzokuba sikhathi bani iminyanya iminyanya ngemuva kwama-iri ama-2 ngemuva kwe-10. wezomlando, wezomlando, izehlakalo zesikolo izehlakalo zesikolo ezisekhalendeni. ezisekhalendeni. • Ukutjho isikhathi • Ukutjho isikhathi sama- sama-iri ali-12 ngama- iri ali-12 ngama-iri iri,ngesiquntu se-iri ngamawatjhi we- ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 begodu nangekota analogo ye-iri Ukubala ubude besikhathi nokudlula kwesikhathi Ukusebenzisa amakhalenda ukubala nokuhlathulula ubude besikhathi ngamalanga nofana ngeemveke. Ukusebenzisa amawatjhi ukubala ubude besikhathi ngama-iri, ngesiquntu se-iri nofana ngekotara yama-iri. ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO CAPS : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) 4.2 Ukumeda Ukumeda Ngikuphi okuhlukileko egreyidini yoku-1? Iimfundo ezi-3 Ubude okungakahleleki okungakahleleki Egreyidini yoku-1 abafundi banqopha eku: • Ukulinganisa, • Ukulinganisa, • bekeni izinto enye hlanu kwenye ukumadanisa ubude, ukuphakama nobubanzi; begodu ukumeda, ukumeda, • Medeni okuhlelekileko ngeemivosimedo ezijayelekileko ukumadanisa, ukuhlela ukumadanisa, ukuhlela Ethemini yoku-1 yegreyidi yesi-2 abafundi bafanele baragele phambili banqophe ekumedeni begodu urekhode begodu urekhode okungakahleleki ngokusebenzisa amaminithi angakahleleki, kodwana bangabethulela ubudeusebenzise ubudeusebenzise amamitha njengeyunithi yokumeda. iimedo ezingakahleleki iimedo ezingakahleleki Ukumeda ubungakho obungakahleleki ngokusebenzisa amayunithi angakahleleki. isib. Ubude besandla, isib. Ubude besandla, Abafundi bangafunda zoke iinkambisolawulo begodu nekambiso yokumeda amagadango, ubude amagadango, ubude ngokusebenzisa amayunithi angakahleleki. Ukumeda ngamayunithi angakahleleki kufanele bepensela, izinto bepensela, izinto kungathathwa njengokunyazekako kunokumeda ngamayunithi ahlelekileko. zokubala, njll. zokubala, njll. Ukumeda ubude ngamayunithi angakahleleki kufana ukubala bonyana mangaki amayunithi akhethiweko anobude obulinganako njengento emedweko. Isibonelo ubude bedeski • Ukuhlathulula ubude • Ukuhlathulula ubude bububude besandla esi-8. bezinto ngokubala bezinto ngokubala Abafundi bafanele bamede izinto ezihlukahlukeneko ngokusebenzisa izinto begodu nokutjho begodu nokutjho ezihlukahlukeneko njengamayunithi angakahleleki. bonyana anobude bonyana anobude Kuneendlela ezintathu zokusebenzisa amayunithi angakahleleki: ubude, ubude begodu obungangani obungangani nobanzi amayunithi amayunithi • Ukubeka ngereyi buvundla into emedwako, izinto ezinengi zobude obulinganako, angakahleleki angakahleleki njengamabhoksana womlilo, iimvadlwana zamabhodlela ezinobujamo obufana patsi • Ukusebenzisa • Ukusebenzisa nofana izinto zokubala, amapensela amatjha, njll. Isibonelo, ukumeda ububanzi ilimi ukukhuluma ilimi ukukhuluma bedeski, amapensela amatjha angabekwa ngokulandelana ukusuka ekuthomeni ukufika ngokumadanisa, isib. ngokumadanisa, isib. ekugcineni avundle itafula. ubude, ubufitjhani, ubude, ubufitjhani, Lapha kuqakathekile bonyana mude khulu, banzi mude khulu, banzi -- zoke izinto zinobude obulinganako. Angekhe utjho bonyana incwadi yakho inobubanzi khulu. khulu. beemuvalo zamabhodlelo webisi ali-12 nangabe iimvalo zamabhodlelo zinobukhulu Ukwethula ukumeda Ukwethula ukumeda obungalinganiko, isib. Iimvalo zamabhodlelo webisi ezimalitha ama-2, iimvalo zamabhodlelo wenamaneyidi weplastiki, iimvalo zamabhodlelo wesimbi, njll; begodu okuhlelekileko okuhlelekileko -- Akunaankhala ezitjhiywa hlangana nezinto : zifanele zipakelwe ngokulandelana ukuze • Ukulinganisa, • Ukulinganisa, zithintane ukumeda, ukumeda, • Sebenzisa izinto ezimbili ezifana patsi njengamayunithi angakahleleki. Beka yinye hlanu ukumadanisa, ukuhlela ukumadanisa, ukuhlela kwenye, bese ukhambisa yokuthoma uyise kelinye ihlangothi lesibili. Lokhu kwenziwa begodu nokurekhoda begodu nokurekhoda nakumedwa ngobude besandla, ubude benyawo nofana amagadango ubudengokusebenzisa ubudengokusebenzisa • Ukusebenzisa into eyodwa kwaphela njengesimedo esingasisezingeni begodu amamitha (iintonga amamitha ngokuyigeda nofana ukumerega lapho iphelela khona ngaphambi kokuyitjhelelisa. emamitha (iintongamamitha Abafundi bafanele bafundiswe ukutjho iyunithi, isib. Incwadi inobubanzi beemuvalo nofana intambo nofana intambo zebhodlelo ezi-12, ikumba yokufundela inobude obumagadango ama-38. enobude bemitha) enobude bemitha) Lokha abafundi nasele bamede ngananyana ngiyiphi iyunithi amahlandla ambala, 245 njengomuvosimedo njengomuvosimedo bafanele balinganise bonyana ingaba nobude obungangani beyunithi into efanele imedwe. ojayelekileko. ojayelekileko. Ukulinganisa ngaphambi kokumeda kuqakathekile, kodwana kungenziwa kwaphela lokha abafundi nabenze ukumeda ngeyunithi leyo. ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 246 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) 4.2 Ukumeda Ukumeda Abafundi bafanele bafundiswe bonyana ukuze nimadanise ubude, ukuphakama nanyana Ubude okungakahleleki okungakahleleki ububanzi iyunithi efana patsi ifanele isetjenziswe. Isib.nangabe ububanzi bomnyango • Ukulinganisa, • Ukulinganisa, omedweko bububude besandla obu-20 begodu ububanzi bedeski bububude bamapensela a-8, angekhe utjho bonyana umnyango ubanzi kunedeski. ukumeda, ukumeda, ukumadanisa, ukuhlela ukumadanisa, ukuhlela Abafundi bafanele bamede ngamayunithi angakahleleki ahlukahlukeneko, ukuze bakghone begodu urekhode begodu urekhode • ukuthoma ukuzwisisa bonyana lokha iyunithi nayiyincani , izokusetjenziswa amahlandla ubudeusebenzise ubudeusebenzise amanengana ,isib. ububanzi bekumba yokufundela bungaba magadango ama-20 iimedo ezingakahleleki iimedo ezingakahleleki kodwana kube bubude beenyawo obuma-48. isib. Ubude besandla, isib. Ubude besandla, • Thoma ukusebenzisa amayunithi afanele lokho abakumedako, isib. Ukumeda ububanzi amagadango, ubude amagadango, ubude bekumba yokufundela ngeemuvalo zamabhodlelo kukumorosa isikhathi. bepensela, izinto bepensela, izinto Ukwethula ukumeda okuhlelekileko zokubala, njll. zokubala, njll. Isikhathi esinengi esisetjenziswa esifundweni sokumeda eGreyidini yesi-2 sifanele sibe kumeda okungakahleleki. Nanyana kunjalo abantwana banganikelwa ithuba lokuthuthukisa • Ukuhlathulula ubude • Ukuhlathulula ubude ukucabanga bonyana imitha ingangani. Lokho kwenzeka kuhle lokha abafundi nabameda bezinto ngokubala bezinto ngokubala ngesisetjenziswa esiyimitha yinye ngobude( njengerula yemitha, isigodo esiquntwe saba begodu nokutjho begodu nokutjho yimitha yinye ngobude nofana iinquntu zentambo enobude bemitha yinye). Ukubona bonyana anobude bonyana anobude ubude bemitha kusiza abafundi ukwenza umfanekiso wokobana imitha yide kangangani. obungangani obungangani Kuyakghonakala ukumeda amamitha ngevili lethrandlela , kodwana ubude bemitha ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 amayunithi amayunithi abubonakali lula. angakahleleki angakahleleki Abafundi bangathoma ngokuthola izinto ezinobude bemitha yi-1 poro. Kuqakathekile • Ukusebenzisa • Ukusebenzisa ukuba nezinto eningaqala kizo ngamalanga njengeemadaniso, isib.ububanzi bomnyango ilimi ukukhuluma ilimi ukukhuluma nokuphakama kwefesidere buyimitha yi-1 ubude. Lokhu kusiza abafundi basebenziseubude ngokumadanisa, isib. ngokumadanisa, isib. lobu nofana ububanzi abakghona ukububona ukulinganisa ubude bezinye izinto ubude, ubufitjhani, ubude, ubufitjhani, abazimedako. mude khulu, banzi mude khulu, banzi Lokha abafundi nasele banelemuko lokumeda ngamamitha, bafanele balinganise khulu. khulu. ngaphambi kokunye nokunye ukumeda . Abafundi bangathola izinto ezingaba zide nofana zifitjhani kunemitha li-1. Ekugcineni Ukwethula ukumeda Ukwethula ukumeda bangakumeda ubude obuhlukahlukeneko nofana amabanga ngamamitha. okuhlelekileko okuhlelekileko Ukurekhoda iimedo • Ukulinganisa, • Ukulinganisa, Nanyana ukumeda kulikghono lokuzijayeza ukwenza, abafundi bafanele barekhode iimedo ukumeda, ukumeda, zabo ngaso soke isikhathi ukumadanisa, ukuhlela ukumadanisa, ukuhlela Ukumeda ubude njengobujamo bokurarulula imiraro neembalo begodu nokurekhoda begodu nokurekhoda Ngesikhathi esibekelwe Iinomboro, imiSebenzi noBudlelwana,abafundi bangararulula ubudengokusebenzisa ubudengokusebenzisa imiraro esebenzisa amamitha (iintonga amamitha ubujamo bobude besimedo ezingakahleleki, isibonelo, ideski likaLebo libubude besandla emamitha (iintongamamitha obu-11. Ideski likathitjhera libubude besandla obu-19. Linobude obungangani itafula nofana intambo nofana intambo likathitjhera? ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) enobude bemitha) enobude bemitha) Ukumeda amamitha ngobude njengomuvosimedo njengomuvosimedo ojayelekileko. ojayelekileko. Yelela irhelo leenomboro elifanako leThemu leyo, begodu nemihlobo yemiraro ehlukahlukeneko
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO CAPS : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) 4.3 Ukumeda Egreyidini yoku-1 kuphakanyiswe bonyana abafundi banqophe ekusebenzeni ngokumeda Ubungako/ okungakahleleki ukudzimelela uku-: ubudisi • Ukulinganisa, • madanisa ubungako bezinto bunqopha; ukumeda, • hlela nokumadanisa ubungako bezinto ezintathu nofana ezinengi, ngokubeka izinto ukumadanisa, ngazimbili esikaleni sokudzimelela, bezilandelaniswe zoke izinto; begodu ukuhlela, • Thola ubungako bezinto ngokusebenzisa amayunithi angakahleleki wobungako bekurekhodwe ubungako, Abafundi banqopha godu ekuthuthukiseni ilimi lokukhuluma ngobungako ngokusetjenzisa Ngesikhathi sokusebenza ngesikhathi sokuzijamela abafundi bangazijayeza ukulinganisa, iimedo ezingakahleleki ukumeda, ukumadanisa, ukuhlela begodu barekhoda ubungako ngokusebenzisa begodu nesikala isidzimelelo begodu namayunithi wobungako obungakatheleki. sokudzimelela isib. Ukumeda ubungako njengobujamo bokurarulula imiraro neembalo Amabhulogo, iintina Ukuraralula imiraro neembalo kungaragela phambili ngokusebenzisa ubujamo bobungako njll. obunikelwe ekumedeni okungakahleleki. • Ukusebenzisa Ngesikhathi esibekelwe Iinomboro, imiSebenzi noBudlelwana, abafundi bangararulula ilimi ukukhuluma imiraro esebenzisa ubujamo bobungako besimedo ezingakahleleki, isib. Idasta inobungako ngokumadanisa isib. bamamabula ali-11. Ibhoksi lamakhrayoni linobungako bamamabula a-8 Zizokuba elula, ebudisi, elula- nobungako bamamabula amangaki nasele zizoke? khulu, ebudisi-khulu. Yelela irherho leenomboro ezifanele iThemu, nanyana imihlobo ehlukahlukeneko yemiraro Ukwethula ukumeda efanele iThemu. okuhlelekileko • Ukumadanisa, ukuhlela nokurekhoda ubungako bezinto ezipakelwe ukuthengiswa ezinobungako obutjengiswe ngamakhilogremu, isib. amakhilogremu ama-2 wereyisi nekhiligremu li-1 leflowuru • Ukumeda ubungako babo ngokusebenzisa isikala sokumeda sangendlini yokuhlambela 247 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 248 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) 4.4 Ukumeda Egreyidini yoku-1 kuphakanyiswe bonyana abafundi banqophe Umthamo/ okungakahleleki • ekuthuthuseni ilimi lokukhuluma ngemehluko yamavolumu; Ivolumu • Ukulinganisa • ekumadaniseni amavolumu weemumathi ezimbili ezifanako nokumeda; Ukumadanisa • ekumadaniseni amavolumu weemumathini ezimbili ezingafaniko, khulukhulu iimumathi nokuhlela ezibanzi khulu begodu nezimatsikana khulu (isib. umthamo • ekumedeni amavolumu nemithamo ngeensetjenziswa begodu namayunithi angakahleleki. ongamumathwa simumathii nasizeleko) Uyini umthamo? Iyini ivolumu? ngokusebenzisa Ibhodlelo lingaba nomthamo wamakopi amane, kodwana ngekhe lizale swi, isibonelo, iimedo ezingakahleleki ingamumatha ivolumu yekopi elilodwa lamanzi ngasikhathi. isib. Iingobho Umthamo ubungako bento engamumathwa simumathi, Ivolumu bungako besikhala namakopi. esithathwa simumathi (soke isikhala esingaphakathi kwento). • Ukuhlathulula umthamo besimumathi Ivolumu bungako besikhala esithathwa simumathi. ngokubala Kesinye isikhathi abafundi bazokumeda bonyana lingangani iketjezi ( nofana isanda nofana nokutjho bonyana ezinye izinto) elingesimumathini. Lokhu kumeda ivolumu yento engesimumathini. mangaki amayunihi Kesinye isikhathi abafundi bazokumeda bonyana isimumathi singamumatha kangangani angakahleleki ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 nasizeleko swi. angazalisa isimumathi, isib. Ibhodlelo Ngesikhathi sokusebenza ngokuzijamela abafundi bangajayela ukulinganisa, ukumeda, linobungako bamakopi ukumadanisa amane Ukupheka nokubhaga kubujamo obuqakathekileko lapho abafundi bangazijayeza ukumeda Ukwethulwa kokumeda umthamo. okuhlelekileko Ukumeda umthamo njengobujamo bokurarulula imiraro neembalo • Ukulinganisa, Ngesikhathi esibekelwe Iinomboro, amaFankhtjhini noBudlelwana, abafundi bangararulula ukumeda; ukumadanisa imiraro esebenzisa ubujamo bobungako / ivolumu besimedo ezingakahleleki, isibonelo, nokuhlela nokurekhoda uGogo usebenzisa amakopi amabili wetiye ukwenza ipudinghi. Nakawabuyelela kabili, umthamo wezino uzokusebenzisa ibisi elingangani? Zizokuba nobungako bamamabula amangaki nasele ngokumeda amalitha. zizoke? • Ukumadanisa, ukuhlela Yelela irhelo leenomboro elifanako leThemu leyo, begodu nemihlobo yemiraro nokurekhoda umthamo ehlukahlukeneko. wezinto ezipakelwe ukuthengiswa, ubungako bazo butlolwa ngamalitha, isib. Amalitha ama- ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) 2 webisi, ilitha li-1 lesiselo esimakhaza, amalitha ama-5 wepende
IGREYIDI YESI- 2 ITHEMU YOKU- 1 5. UKUPHATHA IDATHA CAPS UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) 5.4 Ukubuthelela nokuhlela Ukubuthelela nokuhlela Ngikuphi okuhlukileko eGreyidini -1? Iimfundo ezi-3 Ukubuthelela idatha idatha • Abafundi abasasebenzi ngeembuthelelo zezinto nokuhlela idatha Buthelela idatha Buthelela idatha • Abafundi baragela phambili ngokusebenza ngegrafu yeenthombe-kobabili kwakha yetlasi nofana yesikolo yetlasi nofana yesikolo umzombe wedatha begodu kuhlaziye igrafu yeenthombe abanikelwe yona. ukuphendula imibuzo ukuphendula imibuzo Ukuphathwa mazombe okupheleleko kwedatha ebuzwa ngutitjhere ebuzwa ngutitjhere Ukuphathwa mazombe kwedatha 5.5 Ukujamiselela idatha • Abafundi babuthelela ilwazi ukuphendula imibuzo. Esigabeni esisisekelo nesiphakathi Ukujamiselela Jamiselela idatha yegrafu Ukujamiselela idatha umbuzo lo ujwayeleke ukunikelwa ngutitjhere nofana incwadi yokufundisa; idatha yeenthombe Jamiselela idatha yegrafu • Abefundi bahlukanisa ngemihlobo bebajamisele ilwazi ngezindlela ezenza kubelula yeenthombe ukuhlaziya. Umhlobo wokujamisela lowo abefundi begreyidi -2 bazijayeza yona igrafu yeentombe; godu 5.6 Ukuhlaziya Ukuhlaziya • Abefundi bahlaziya ilwazi egrafini yeenthombe ngokuphendula imibuzo ebuzwe Ukuhlaziya bewurhumutjhe idatha bewurhumutjhe idatha ngutitjhere. bewurhumutjhe Ukuphendula imibuzo Ukuphendula imibuzo Igrafu yeenthombe yetlasi idatha ngedatha esegrafini ngedatha esegrafini yeenthombe Kuphakanyisiwe bonyana abefundi begreyidini 2 basebenze mazombe ngokuphathwa yeenthombe Kwedatha epheleleko ngokwenza igrafu yesithombe seklasi okungenani kabili onyakeni (kanye ethemini yoku-1 begodu kanye ethemini ye-3). Ukusebenzisana njengetlasini, kusiza abefundi ukuzibandakanya kizozoke iingaba zekambiso ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa mininingwana yananyana ngiliphi izinga. Isib. Ukugwala iinthombe zoke. Ukwenza igrafu kukuvumela bonyana unqophise abafundi ngamahlangothi abalulekileko wokuphathwa kwedatha begodu nangalokho abadinga ukukwazi ngokuqakatheka kwesimo segrafu yeenthombe Izimo zegrafu yeenthombe ekufanele abafundi bayifundiswe: • Igrafu ilebulwa kuphi godu bunjani (isihloko segrafu) • Iingaba zilebulwa kuphi godu bunjani • Igrafu yeentombe ithloga ukuba nento ehlathulula bonyana isithombe ngasinye simayelana nani. • Iinthombe nofana iinkhala zenthombe zithloga ukuba bukhulu obufanako. • Zibekwa bunjani iinthombe ngokulinganako emareyini. • Ifundwa bunjani igrafu 249 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 250 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) Abafundi kufanele bazi bona kuqakathekile bonyana bathome ngokufunda isihloko segrafu, ukuze bazi bonyana igrafu ikhuluma ngani. Bafanele bafunde godu iinhloko ezibuthabalala nezijame rwe. Abafundi akukakateleleki bonyana bazi amagama aphathelene netheknoloji asetjenzisiwe ukuhlathulula iingcenye zegrafu, kwaphela kufanele bafunde ngaphasi nangehlangothini ukubona bonyana igrafu iphathelene nani. Sivamise ukufunda ukusukela ngesinceleni kuya ngesidleni, kodwana lokha abafundi bafunda amagrafu kufanele bafunde kusukela esinceleni kuya ngesidleni begodu kusuka phasi kuya phezulu. Lokhu kufanele kuhlathululelwe abafundi. Badinga ukuzijayeza amakghono la. Ukukhetha isihloko begodu ubuze imibuzo yokubuthelela idatha Egreyidini ye-2 kufanele ubuze imibuzo isib. “Ngiliphi ihlelo lakamabonwakude elithandwa yitlasi lethu?” Abotitjhere abasesigabeni kufanele baqinisekise bonyana iinhloko ezahlukeneko zikhethelwe ukubuthelela idatha nokuhlaziya egreyidini ngayinye. Iihloko ezilingeneko zifaka hlangana umdlalo othandwako, isiselo esimakhaza esithandwako, imibala ethandwako, iinkathi ezidlulile ezithandwako, ukudla okuthandwako, ihlelo likamabonwakude elithandwako njll. Ukuhlela iingaba zokubuthelela ilwazi ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 Nikela abafundi irherho leengaba ukukhetha kizo. Ukujamisela kwedata Umfundi ngamunye uthola isiquntu sephepha esilinganako ukugwala impendulo zabo. Imigwalo ihlelwe ngamareyi ukwenza igrafu yeenthombe. Iinhloko zingezelelwe emahlangothini nasegrafini. Ukuhlaziya nokuhlathulula kwedatha Abafundi baphendula imibuzo ababuzwe yona ngegrafu yeenthombe. Isib. “Ngiliphi ihlelo likamabonwakude elinedumo khulu ngetlasini yethu?” “Ngiliphi ihlelo elithandwa idlanzana labafundi ngetlasini?” “Abafundi abanengi bathanda.......nofana ...............? “Bangaki abanye abafundi abakhetha ....... kune ........? ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
IGREYIDI YESI-2 ITHEMU YESI-2 1. IINOMBORO, AMA-OPHARETJHINI NOBUDLELWANA CAPS UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-2 namaminithi ama -24) 1.1 Ukubala izinto Bala okungasenani Ngikuphi okuhlukileko eThemini yoku-1? Ukubala eziphathekako ukufikela ku yezinto Ethemini lesi-2 irherho leenomboro likhulile begodu abafundi kwanje babala izinto ezili-150. izinto Linganisa begodu ubale ngamalanga Ngombana le yinomboro ekulu yezinto ukuyibala, umnqopho kufanele ube sekubaleni okungasenani ukufikela ngokuthembekako ngeenqhema. Leli likghono abafundi bebazijayeza lona ukusukela egreyidini yoku-1 begodu ku yezinto ngamalanga Ukunikela isilinganiso iyasetjenziswa erherhweni leenomboro ezikulu. ngokuthembekako. senomboro yezinto Kuqakathekile bonyana ngokuphela kweThemu abafundi babone ibuthelelo lezinto ezili-150 Iqhinga lokubuthelela ezingahlolwa begodu bangaphamisa indlela enekghono khulu ukuyibala. liyakhuthazwa ngokuzibala. Ukubala izinto ethemini le kusekela: • ikghono lokubala elitlhogekako ekuzwisiseni ubukhulu bedijithi; • ukubala ngehloko • ukutjho amagama weenomboro • ukukhumbula amatshwayo weenomboro; begodu • Ikghono lokubala elitlhogekako ekubaleni. Iisetjenziswa Kufanele kuyelelwe khulu iisetjenziswa ezisetjenziswako. • Iinsetjenziswa ezihlelekile, njengemincamo yokubala • I-abhakhasi ukujayeza ukubala ngeenqhema zangalitjhumi • Iinyanda zanga-2, iiynanda zanga-5 nalitjhumi zibalwe zoke. • Amabhlogo weDienes, khulukhulu lawo akhamba ngetjhumi. • Imali yokudlalisa 251 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 252 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-2 namaminithi ama -24) 1.2 Ukubala uye phambili Ukubala uye phambili Ngikuphi okuhlukileko eThemini yoku-1? Ukubala uye nemuva nga: nemuva nga: Ethemini yesi-2 irherho leenomboro lokbala lingezelelekile begodu abafundi bathoma phambili • Ku-1 ukusuka kwenye • Ku-1 ukusuka kwenye ukubala ngakuthathu nangakune kokuthoma. Lokhu kungathulwanlokha nakubalwa izinto nemuva nenye inomboro nenye inomboro eziphathekako, ukubala entambeni yemincamo yokubala, ukusebenzisaigridi yekhulu hlangana ne-0 na-200 hlangana ne-0 na-150 nenambalayini. • Li-10 ukusuka • Li-10 ukusuka • Ekupheleni kweThemu abafundi bakghona ukuphendula imibuzo enjenge: kesinye nesinye kesinye nesinye • Thoma e-132, bala uye phambili ngakunye ukufika e-150 isibuyabuyelelo se-10 isibuyabuyelelo se-10 • Thoma e-120 begodu ubale uye emuva ngakunye ukufika e-98 hlangana ne-0 na -200 hlangana ne-0 na -150 • Thoma ema-60 begodu ubale uye phambili ngakubili ukufika e-100 • Ku-5 ukusuka • Ku-5 ukusuka kesinye nesinye kesinye nesinye • Thoma e-100 begodu ubale uye phambili ngakubili ukufika e-138 isibuyabuyelelo saka isibuyabuyelelo saka • Thoma ko-3 begodu ubale uye phambili ngakuthathu ukufika e-30 ku-5 hlangana ne-0 ku-5 hlangana ne-0 • Thoma ema-60 begodu ubale uye phambili ngakuthathu ukufika e-42 na-200 na-150. • Thoma ku-4 begodu ubale uye phambili ngakune ukufika e-40 • Ku-2 ukusuka • Ku-2 ukusuka • Thoma ema-84 ubale uye emuva ngakune ukufika e-68 kesinye nesinye kesinye nesinye isibuyabuyelelo saka isibuyabuyelelo saka • Thoma ema-45 begodu ubale uye phambili ngakuhlanu ukufika e-100 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 ku- 2 hlangana ne -0 ku- 2 hlangana ne -0 • Thoma ukubala e-100 begodu ubale uye emuva ngalitjhumi ukufika e-10 na-200 na-150. Abafundi kufanele babale baye emuva ukusuka kokhunye nokhunye ukubuyelelwa • Ku-3 ukusuka • Ku-3 ukusuka abakunikelweko. kesinye nesinye kesinye nesinye isibuyabuyelelo saka isibuyabuyelelo saka ku-3 hlangana ne -0 ku-3 hlangana ne -0 na-200 na-99. • Ku-4 ukusuka • Ku-4 ukusuka kesinye nesinye kesinye nesinye isibuyabuyelelo saka isibuyabuyelelo saka ku-4 hlangana ne -0 ku-4 hlangana ne -0 ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) na-200 na-100.
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO CAPS : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-2 namaminithi ama -24) 1.3 Ukukhumbula, ukubona Ukukhumbula, ukubona Ngikuphi okuhlukileko eThemini yoku-1? Amat- nokufunda iinomboro nokufunda iinomboro Abafundi baragela phambili ngokufunda nokutlola amatshwayo weenomboro shwayo • Ukukhumbulaukubona • Ukukhumbula, nokutjho amagama weenomboro ukungezeza irherho leenomboro.abafundi bazabe weenom- nokufunda ukubona nokufunda bakhumbula, bafunda begodu batlola amatshwayo weenomboro ukudlula ikhulu batlole boro amatshwayo amatshwayo namagamaweenomboro ukufika -50. namagama wenomboro ukusuka wenomboro ukusuka Iyelelo kufanele lithathwe lokha nawukhuluma ngeenomboro zamadijithi amathathu, weenom- eli 0 ukuya e-200 kweli 0 ukuya e-150 isibonelo, kufanele uthi “amakhulu amathathu namatjhumi amabili nantathu” kunokuthi “ boro • Ukutlola amatshwayo • Ukutlola amatshwayo kunye, kubili, kuthathu”. wenomboro ukusuka wenomboro ukusuka Lokha nawutlola iinomboro zamadijithi amathathu hlangana kwe-100 ne-110, idijithi eli-0 ukuya ema-200 kweli 0 ukuya e-150 ebujameni betjhumi lili-0. Abafundi abanye bathola kubudisi ukutlola iinomboro lezi • Ukufanisa, ukubona • Ukufanisa, ukubona ngamatshwayo lokha nabanikelwa amatshwayo ngamagama. Isibonelo, ukutlola i-102 nokufunda igama nokufunda igama kungaba budisi kwabanye abafundi. Bangatlola i-1002. Amakarada wobukhulu bedijithi lenomboro ukusuka eli lenomboro ukusuka eli alisizo khulukhulu ukusiza abafundi ukuzwisisa bonyana angajamela bunjani iinomboro 0 ukuya e-100 0 ukuya ema-50 kuhle. Abafundi bafanele ukunikelwa godu ukujayeza okwaneleko ukutlola iinomboro lezi. • Ukutlola amagama • Ukutlola amagama Iimbonelo zokurekhoda okutloliweko: weenomboro ukusuka weenomboro ukusuka • Tlola amatshwayo weenomboro. eli 0 ukuya e-100. eli 0 ukuya ema-50 Ikhulu namatjhumi amathathu nakhunye Ikhulu namatjhumi amane nekhomba • Madanisa amagama weenomboro ematshwayeni weenomboro • Zalisa umutjho weenomboro • Zalisa amanambalayini neendlela zeenomboro 253 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 254 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-2 namaminithi ama -24) 1.4 Ukuhlathulula, Ukuhlathulula, Ngikuphi okuhlukileko eThemini yoku-1? Ukuhlathu- ukumadanisa nokuhlela ukumadanisa nokuhlela NgeThemu le abafundi baragela phambili ukuhlela nokumadanisa iinomboro. lula, uku- iinomboro ukufika iinomboro ukufika Inambalayini iihlala njalo imfanekiso oqakathekile olisizo khulukhulu ekuhloleni bonyana madanisa ema-99 ema-50 inomboro ikuphi ekuhlobaneni nezinye iinomboro. Umfanekiso wenambalayini uzakusekela nokuhlele • Ukuhlathulula abafundi emaqhingeni wabo wengqondo wokubala. iinomboro nokumadanisa Imisetjenzana yokuzijamela yokuzijamela iinomboro ezipheleleko ngokusebenzisa Zijayeza ukutlola kunye ukufika etjhumini ukuncani kuna, Rekhoda okulandelako ngeencwadini zomsebenzi: ukukhulu kuna, • Ngiyiphi inomboro eza ngaphambi kwa-46 kunengi kuna, • ngiyiphi inomboro eza ngemuva kwa-48? kungaphasi kuna nokuthi kuyalingana. • Ngiyiphi inomboro ehlangana kwa-45 nama-47 • Ukuhlathulula • Sebeznisa umuda wenomboro begodu uzalise iinomboro ezitjhiyiweko. nokulandelanisa • Tlola ku-1 okudlula iinomboro lezi: iinomboro ezipheleleko -- ku-1 okudlula ama-23 ma ___ kusukela kencani -- ku -1okudlula ama-29 ma___ ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 ukuya kekulukazi nokusuka kwekulukazi -- ku -1okudlula ama-42 ma ___ ukuya kwencani khulu. • Tlola ku-1 okungaphasi kweenomboro lezi: Sebenzisa -- ku -1 okungaphasi kwama-20 ma ___ iinomborosikhundla -- ku -1 okungaphasi kwama-31ma ___ ukubonisa ukuhlela, indawo nofana -- ku -1 okungaphasi kwama -42 ma ___ ubujamo • Tlola kali-10 okudlula iinomboro lezi: Beka izinto -- kali-10 okudlula ama-20 ma ____ emudeni ukusuka -- kali -10 okudlula ama 30 ma ___ kweyokuthoma ukufikela • Tlola kali-10 okungaphasi kweenomboro lezi kweyetjhuminahlanu nofana yokuthoma -- kali – 10 okungaphasi kwama -50 ma ___ ukufika kweyokugcina -- kali – 10 okungaphasi kwama – 40 ma ___ isib. Kokuthoma, • Tlola iinomborongerhelo ukusuka kwekulukhulu ukuya kwencani khulu. 130, 133, 123, kwesibili, kwesithathu...... 143, 103, 113) kwetjhumi. • Zalisa umutjho: -- ama -24 a __________ kunama-24 ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) -- ama-36 a _____ ne-19
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO CAPS : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-2 namaminithi ama -24) 1.5 Khumbula ubukhulu Khumbula ubukhulu Ngikuphi okuhlukileko eThemini yoku-1? Ubukhulu bedijithi beenomoro bedijithi beenomoro NgeThemu le irherho leenomboro ingezelelekile ukusuka ema-25 ukuya ema-50. Abafundi bedijithi zamadijithi amabili zamadijithi amabili basebenzisa ilwazi labo lemiqondo yobukhulu bedijithi erherhweni leenomboro ezikulu. ukufika ema-99 ukufika ema-50 NgeThemu le abafundi baragela phambili ngoku: • khumbula bonyan • khumbula bonyan • bala begodu ubonise itjhumi nakunye ngeendlela ezihlukeneko; idijithi ngayinye ijamele idijithi ngayinye ijamele • bala insetjenziswa ezibuthelelwe mantanzi/ ezithome ngokujanyiswa; ini ini • sebenzisa amakarada wobukhulu bedijithi ukubonisa iinomboro ezibuthelelweko zabalwa • Hlanganisa iinomboro • Hlanganisa iinomboro • Bonisa ukuhlela okuhlukahlukenenko kweenomboro, isibonelo, ama-35 zamadijithi amanbili zamadijithi amanbili angaboniswa njengama-35 yabokunye abatkjhaphulukileko, amatjhumi a-3 na-5 ngokubuyabuyelela ngokubuyabuyelela yabokunye abatjhaphulukileko godu neeqhema ezi-2 zamatjhumi ne-15 yabokunye kwangalitjhumi kwangalitjhumi abatjhaphulukileko; begodu nangakunye. nangakunye. • Yitjho ubungako bedijithi ngalinye • Fanisa begodu utjho • Fanisa begodu utjho • Umsebenzi ongehla uvame ukwenziwa ziinqhema okunqotjwe kizo begodu ngesikhathi ubungako bedijithi ubungako bedijithi sokufunda ngokuzijamela abafundi bnagarekhoda okulandeko ngayinye. ngayinye. 48 = 4 iinqhema zangalitjhumi nabokunye abatjhaphulukileko ababu-8 48 = 40 na 8 Lokhu kusekelwa kusebenzisa amakarada amaflardi nofana amakarada wobukhulu bedijithi Ubungako bedijithi Abafundi kufanele bathome ukutjho bona idijithi ngalinye lijamele ini. Buza abafundi: • Uli-7 ujamelel yiphi inomboro ema-27? • U-4 ujamele yiphi inomboro ema-49? Abafundi kufanele basebenzise amakarada wobukhulu bedijithi ukufakazela iintatimende zabo 255 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 256 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-2 namaminithi ama -24) UKURARULULA IMIRARO ESEBUJAMENI 1.6 Sebenzisa amathekhiniki Sebenzisa amathekhiniki Abafundi balindeleke bona bararulule imiraro yamagama basebenzise amathekhiniki Amathekh- alandelako lokha alandelako lokha alandelako: iniki wok- urarulula imiraro urarulula imiraro • Imigwalo nofana iinsetjenziswa eziphathekako isib, iimbali bekuhlathululwe bekuhlathululwe urarulula • Ukwakha nokuphula iinomboro iinsombululo zemiraro: iinsombululo zemiraro: imiraro • Ukubuyelela kabili nokuhafula phakathi • Imgwalo nofana • Imgwalo nofana iinsetjenziswa iinsetjenziswa • Amanambalayini eziphathekako isib, eziphathekako isib, ukugwala nofana iinsetjenziswa eziphathekako iimbali iimbali Abafundi bazaragela phambili nokugwala iinthombe begodu basebenzise iinsetjenziswa • Ukwakha nokuphula • Ukwakha nokuphula eziphathekako ukurarulula imiraro. Ukugwala izinto ngayinye ukufikela ema-30 nofana iinomboro iinomboro nema-50 akwanelisi begodu kufanele kungakhuzwa, bakhuthaze bona bafake hlangan • Ukubuyabuyelel kabili • Ukubuyelela kabili amatshwayo weenomboro ekurekhodeni kwabo, okufaka hlangana iinjamiso zeenthombe. nokuhafula phakathi nokuhafula phakathi Abafundi bangakhuthazwa godu bona batlole imitjho yeenpmboro. • Amanambalayini • Amanambalayini Qala amanothi weThemu yoku-1 1.7 Rarulula imiraro Rarulula imiraro Ngikuphi okuhlukileko eThemini yoku-1? ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 Ukuh- yamagama yamagama NgeThemu le abafundi kufuze baragele phambili nokwenza iimbalo zemitjho begodu langanisa ezisebujameni ezisebujameni basebenzele ukusebenzisa amathekhiniki alandelako lokha nabararulula imiraro: nokukhupha bewuhlathulule bewuhlathulule • Imgwalo nofana iinsetjenziswa eziphathekako isib, iimbali iinsombululo zakho iinsombululo zakho zemiraro ezifaka zemiraro ezifaka • Ukwakha nokuphula iinomboro ukuhlanganisa ukuhlanganisa • Ukubuyelela kabili nokuhafula phakathi nokukhupha nempendulo nokukhupha nempendulo • Amanambalayini ukufika e-99. ukufika e-50. Umnqopho ngeThemu le ihlala ikurekhoda. Abafundi kufuze kobana batlole phasi imitjho yeenomboro njengerekhodi elitloliweko emrarweni osombululiweko. Kuqakathekile ukuqala bonyana ngibaphi abafundi abahlulekako ukutlola imitjho yeenomboro ukuqalana nomraro othile. Lokha abafundi nabanbawa bona ubabonise bonyana ijanyelwa bunjani imiraro nemitjho yeenomboro emuva kokuyirarulula, sikhathi esihle sokubabonisa Iimbonelo zemiraro okufanele zenziwe ngeThemu le, qala amanothi weThemu yesi-2. ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO CAPS : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-2 namaminithi ama -24) 1.8 Rarulula imiraro Rarulula imiraro Ngikuphi okuhlukileko eThemini yoku-1? Ukuh- yamagama yamagama Irherho leenomboro leThemu le lingezeleleke lafika ema-30. langanisa ezisebujameni ezisebujameni Abafundi kufuze bagcugcuzelwe ukutlola imitjho yeenomboro. Umuntu angalindela okurholela bewuhlathulule bewuhlathulule abafundi bonayana basebenzise ukuhlanganisa okubuyelelweko kwemitjho yeenomboro ekubuy- iinsombululo zakho iinsombululo zakho ukubonisa isisombululo. NgeThemu le abafundi kufanele batlole imitjho yeenomboro abuyeleleni zemiraro, ezifaka zemiraro, ezifaka ebuyabuyelelwako yesisombululo sabo. Bebagade bathulwe etshwayeni lokubuyabuyelela ukuhlanganisa ukuhlanganisa ethemini yoku-1 begodu kufanele basebenzise ilemuko leli lokha nabararulula imiraro okubuyelelweko okubuyelelweko yokubuyabuyelela yeenomboro. Ukuhlanganisa okubuyelelweko nomhlobo wemiraro okurholela okurholela yegridi/yerhemo kufanele kubonise ukubuyabuyelela kwemitjho yeenomboro. Kusazokuba ekubuyabuyeleleni ekubuyabuyeleleni nabafundi abazobanokuzethemba okukhulu ekurekhodeni iinsombululo zabo basebenzisa okunempendulo ufikela okunempendulo ufikela ukuhlanganisa okubuyelelwe kungasi ukubuyabuyelela. e-50. e-30. Iimbonelo zemiraro engenziwa ngeThemu Uukuhlanganisa okubuyelelweko • Inamavilo amangaki imilelenjana eli-8? • Banamehlo amangaki abantwana abali-9? Isilinganiso UThami usela amarhalasi wamanzi asi-6 qobe ngamalanga. Usela amarhalasi mngaki ngeveke? Amagridi/ Ukurhemisa UMnu. Khumalo utjala amareyi asi-6 weentjalo zekhabitjhi. Kuneentjalo ezihlanu ereyini .Kuneentjalo zekhabitjhi ezingaki sezizoke? 257 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 258 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-2 namaminithi ama -24) 1.9 Ukurarulula Ukurarulula Iimbonelo zemiraro engenziwa ngeThemu Ukubuthele- imiraro yamagama imiraro yamagama NgeThemu le yumela abafundi ukusebenzisa imigwalo neensetjenziswa eziphathekako la nok- ezisebujameni ezisebujameni ukubonisa iinsombululo zabo. Imitjho yeenomboro kufanele isetjenziswe. Umfundi wabelana bewuhlathulule bewuhlathulule angasebenzisa ukukhupha okubuyelelweko ukubonisa bonyana bafike bunjani okurholela iinsombululo zakho iinsombululo zakho ependulweni. ekuhlu- ufake ukwabelana ufake ukwabelana Irhemo/ Igridi kaniseni ngokulingana ngokulingana UMongezi upakela izinto zokubala ezima-20 ngamareyi ali-10. nokubuthelela nokubuthelela Ukubuthelela ngeenqema ngeenqema kweenomboro kweenomboro Ukubuthelela, ukulahla okuseleko ezipheleleko ukufika ezipheleleko ukufika Stella sells apples in bags of 6 apples each. She has 40 apples. How many bags of 6 e-99 kanye nempendulo e-50 kanye nempendulo apples each can she make up? UStella uthengisa ama-abhula ngeenkhwama zangesi-6 ezingahle zifaka iinsalela ezingahle zifaka iinsalela. ngalinye. Unama-abhula ama-40. Angenza iinkhwanyana zama-abhula ali-6 ngasinye amangaki? Ukubuthelela, ukufaka okuseleko ngependulweni UBen ufuna ukusela ugogo wakhe amaqanda ama-35. Mabhoksi amangaki wamaqanda angathatha amaqanda asi-6 ibhoksi ngalinye azowafuna ukupakela woke amaqanda? Ukwabelana ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 Ukwabelana, ukulahla okuseleko • Hlukanisa amaswidi ama-45 hlangana nabangane ukuze boke bathole inani lamaswidi elilinganako. • USue banoGreg benza umsetjenzana bobabili. USue usebenza ama-iri ama-3 uGreg usebenza i-iri yi-1. Babhadalwa amaranda ama-R40. Kufuze bayihlukaniselane bunjani imali le? 1.10 Ukurarulula Ukurarulula Ngikuphi okuhlukileko eThemini yoku-1? Ukwabelana nokuhlathulula nokuhlathulula Enye yeminqopho yokuthoma ekuthuthukeni kwamafraktjhini kufanele kube ukusiza okurholela iinsombululo zemiraro iinsombululo zemiraro abafundi bonyana bakhe umbono weengcenye zamafraktjhini yokuzeleko – iingcenye emafra- ezisebujameni efaka ezisebujameni efaka ezitholakala lokha okuzeleko nofana iyunithi nayihlukaniswe ngeengcenye zobukhulu khtjhinini hlangana ukwabelana hlangana ukwabelana obulinganako nofana ngokwabelana okulingeneko ngokulingana erholela ngokulingana erholela Abafundi baqaleka bazwisisa umqondo wokuhlukanisa ubungako eengcenyeni ezimbili empendulweni empendulweni nofana ezinengi ukuhlukaniswa ngokulinganako phakathi kwabangane. Bagcina zamafraktjhini wohlavu zamafraktjhini wohlavu sebahlanganisa phakathi komqondo wokwabelana ngokulingana neengcenyana olulodwa Isib. njll. olulodwa Isib. njll. zamafraktjhini. Ukwabelana imisetjenzana ziindawo ezihle zokuthoma umqondo wamafraktjhini. Ikharikhulamu yethu ithule godu umqondo wokwabelana okurholela eeengcenyaneni zamafraktjhini. ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) Ukwabelana imisetjenzana kububzwa ngokujayelekileko ngendlela yemiraro yemitjho elula. Ekuthomeni lokha abafundi nabenza imisetjenzana yokwabelana (ukuhlukanisa) bathola bona ukuhlukanisa nofana ukwabelana kutjhiya iinqunjwana zokuseleko. Babelana godu iinqunjwana zokuseleko. Ilimi lamafraktjhini lingathulwa ngomlomo.
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO CAPS : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-2 namaminithi ama -24) 1.10 Ukurarulula Ukurarulula Bese umuntu angatlola amagama wamafraktjhini, isib. Isiquntu sinye, ikotara yinye, Ukwabelana nokuhlathulula nokuhlathulula ingcenye yinye yobuthathu. Lokha nawutlola ngeengcenye ezinengi zamafraktjhini isib. okurholela iinsombululo zemiraro iinsombululo zemiraro Iinquntu ezi-3, amakotara ama-3, tlola lokhu njengedijithi nangegama. Itshwayo loku-3 ezisebujameni efaka ezisebujameni efaka ngaphezu koku-2 nofana oku-3 ngaphezu kwa-4 ayitjho litho begodu kungcono khulu emafra- hlangana ukwabelana hlangana ukwabelana bonyana itshwayo leli litjhiywe esigabeni esiphakathi. khtjhinini ngokulingana erholela ngokulingana erholela Ukwabelana empendulweni empendulweni Eembonelweni ezingenzasi ubujamo bokwabelana ngokulinganako enensalela ezingabelwa zamafraktjhini wohlavu zamafraktjhini wohlavu isetjenzisiwe. olulodwa Isib. njll. olulodwa Isib. njll. Abantwana ababili babelana amakuke wetjhokoledi ama-5 ukuze omunye nomunye athole inani elifanako. Umntwana ngamunye angathola mangaki? Abafundi bazokunikela umntwana ngamunye ama-2 bese banqunta phakathi ikuke eliseleko   Iinsalela Kuqakathekile bona abafundi bagwale iimpendulo zabo. Ekuthomeni lisa abafundi bahlathulule ngamagama wabo “ingcenye” abayiphulileko. Lindela lokho lokha abafundi nabaqunta ingcenye eseleko. Iingcenye lezo zingaba bukhulu obungalinganiko. Lokhu ngeze kwathelela indlela abahlathulula ngayo ikambiso yokwabelana. Lokha abafundi nabangabelana kuhle, amagama wamafraktjhini anganikelwa eengcenyeni. Ukusuka ekwabelaneni imiraro ngeensombululo ezinensalelo zeensombululo ezinenomboro ezipheleleko neengcenye zamafraktjhini, kutjho bonyana abafundi bavezwe epepeneneni wezingaqhezu neenomboro ezihlangene. Abafundi akukalindeleki bonyana bazi begodu basebenzise itheminoloji. Isibonelo: ingcenye ezi-2 nesiquntu kungatlolwa ngokuhlelekile njengo-2½, eyinomboro ehlangeneko. Ukwabelana amathaski nelimi lamafraktjhini Ukucocisana ngemiphumela yabafundi sikhathi esihle sokuthula ilwazi leengcenye zamafraktjhini. Lokha ikuke letjhokoledi naliphulwe ngenquntu ezilinganako, itjho bona, “lokhu sikubiza ngeengcezu ezine”. Ikuke loke liquntwe iingcenye ezine. Iingcenye zoke zinobujamo obufanako. Abafundi kufanele balemuke amahlangothi wamabili weengcenye 259 zamafraktjhini: • Inani leengcenye; begodu • Ukulingana kweengcenye. ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 260 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-2 namaminithi ama -24) 1.10 Ukurarulula Ukurarulula Ukwabelana imisetjenzana kusiza abafundi ukuthuthukisa imiqondo elandelako: Ukwabelana nokuhlathulula nokuhlathulula • Lokha nasihlukanisa okuthileko ngeengcenye ezi -2 ezilinganako, sizibiza ngeenquntu/ okurholela iinsombululo zemiraro iinsombululo zemiraro ngamahafu emafra- ezisebujameni efaka ezisebujameni efaka • Lokha nasihlukanisa okuthileko ngeengcenye ezi-3 ezilinganako, sizibiza ngokwesithathu khtjhinini hlangana ukwabelana hlangana ukwabelana • Lokha nasihlukanisa okuthileko ngeengcenye ezi-4 ezilinganako, sizibiza iinkotara ngokulingana erholela ngokulingana erholela • Lokha nasihlukanisa okuthileko ngeengcenye ezi-5 ezilinganako, sizibiza ngobuhlanu. empendulweni empendulweni zamafraktjhini wohlavu zamafraktjhini wohlavu Umnqopho wamafraktjhini wemiraro yamagama ethemini le uvumela abafundi bonyana ba: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 • abela ubuthelele izinto ezilinganako; olulodwa Isib. 2 , 4 , 3 , 5 njll. olulodwa Isib. 2 , 4 , 3 , 5 njll. • itjho iingcenye zamafraktjhini; • thola amafraktjhini wezinto ezipheleleko; begodu • bona bonyana ifraktjhini yingcenye yokuzele. Iimbonelo zemiraro ezilungele iThemu yesi-2 • UMompi, uSizwe noGugu kufanele babelane iliqa elisasitina letjhokoledi ngokulinganako. Umntwana ngamunye kufanele athole itjhokoledi engangani? Gwala isithombe ukubonisa ipendulwakho. • UMandla, uBusi, uZitha noThembi babelana amaqa asasitina ama-5. Bangawabelana ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 bunjani ngokulinganako? Gwala isithombe ukubonisa ipendulwakho. • UNomfundo noKarabo babelana iswidi linye le-liquorice. UNomfundo uthi munye namunye kufanele athole isiquntu. Uqinisile? Gwala isithombe ukubonisa ipendulo yakho. Kuqakathekile bonyana lokha abafundi nabagwala iiinsombululo zabo bakghona ukuhlathulula bona babelene bunjani. Ekuthomeni sebenzisa ilwazi labafundi elingakahleleki ukuhlathulula iingcenye zamafraktjhini. Lokha nabanokuzithemba begodu bazwisisa imiqondo “wokuzeleko nokuncanyana”, igama lefraktjhini lingathulwa. Bese umuntu angatlola amagama wamafraktjhini, isib. Isiquntu sinye, ikotara yinye, ingcenye yinye yangakuthathu. Itshwayo lefraktjhini alikathulwa, lokha itshwayo la-1 ngaphezu kwaku-2 ayitjho litho begodu kungcono khulu bonyana itshwayo leli litjhiyelwe amagreyidi ezako. 1.11 • Ukukhumbula • Ukukhumbula Ngikuphi okuhlukileko eThemini yoku-1? Imali nokubona imali nokubona imali NgeThemu le abafundi bazijayeza ukukhumbula imali nokuphula imali ngeengcenyana ezincani. yeSewula Afrika yeSewula Afrika Iimbonelo zemiraro ezingenziwa ngeThemu le eziinhlamvu (5c, 10c, eziinhlamvu (5c, 10c, 20c, 50c, R1, R2, R5), 20c, 50c, R1, R2, R5), • Ungakghona ukwaba amasende ama-50c ngokulinganako hlangana kwabantwana laba nemali yamaphepha nemali yamaphepha abane? Hlathulula bona bunjani? (R10, R20, R50) (R10, R20, R50) • UJoe usebenzisa amasende ama-50c ukuthenga amaswidi wetjhingamu. Uthenge • Ukurarulula imiraro • Ukurarulula imiraro amaswidi wetjhungamu amangaki? yemali efaka hlangana yemali efaka hlangana • UThenje ubhadele amaranda R5 ukukhwela itaxi ekuseni ukuya esikoleni. Ubhadela ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) inani netjhentjhi inani netjhentjhi ngemali yephepha ema-R20. Uthola itjhentjhi yamalini? Uzabe anamalini eseleko ngamasende kufikela ngamasende kufikela nakabuyela ekhaya? emarandeni ama R99 emasendeni ama 50c • Itekhsi kaZurina ibiza amaranda a-R5, 50. Uthola itjhentjhi yamalini ngemarandeni ali-R10? namasende ama- 90c namaranda ama- R50 UMia usebenzise amaranda ama-R38. Begade amaranda ama-R50. Yimalini anayo eseleko?
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO CAPS : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-2 namaminithi ama -24) UKUBALA OKUSEBUJAMWENI OBUTJHAPHULUKILEKO 1.12 Ukusebenzisa Ukusebenzisa Ngikuphi okuhlukileko eThemini yoku-1? Amathekh- amathekhiniki alandelako amathekhiniki alandelako Abafundi balindeleke bonyana bararulule iimbalo zobujamo obutjhaphulukileko usebenzisa iniki nakubalisiswako: nakubalisiswako: amaqhinga alandelako: (iindlela • Imgwalo nofana • Imgwalo nofana • Ukwakha nokuphula iinomboro namaqh- iinsetjenziswa iinsetjenziswa • Ukubuyelela kabili nokuhafula phakathi inga) eziphathekako isib, eziphathekako isib, • Amanambalayini iimbali iimbali Imigwalo nofana iinsetjenziswa eziphathekako • Ukwakha nokuphula • Ukwakha nokuphula Abafundi baragela phambili ngokugwala iinthombe basebenzisa iisetjenziswa iinomboro iinomboro eziphathekako ukurarulula imiraro. Kuqakathekile bonyana iinthombe nofana imigwalo ibe • Ukubuyelel a kabili • Ukubuyelel a kabili neenomboro begodu nemitjho yeenomboro. nokuhafula phakathi nokuhafula phakathi Ukwakha nokuphula • Amanambalayini • Amanambalayini Le ngenye yamaqhinga aqakathekileko esigabeni esisisekelo (isetjenziswa kanenginengi esigabeni esiphakathi)usebenzisa iqhinga leli kuvumela abafundi ukuhlukana (hlukanisa) nokuhlanganisa iinomboro ukusiza ukwenza iimbalo lula. Kuqakathekile bonyana abafundi basebenzise ilwazi abalaziko nabaphula iinomboro isib. • ukuphula usebenzisa ubukhulu bedijithi; • ukuphula usebenzisa ukubuyelela ngali-10; begodu • ukuphula wenze amapara weenomboro isib. Amapara wangama-20 ziyaziwa alo ama-20 angaphulwa ngeendlela ezihlukeneko. Ukubuyelela kabili nokuhafula phakathi Abafundi bavame ukuthola ukubuyelela kabili kulula; kodwana, kuqakathekile ukufundisa abafundi ukusebenzisa ilwazi labo ngokubuyelela kabili: • Sebenzisa ukukhumbula kokubuyelela kabili ukubona eduze kokubuyelela kabili Ukubuyelela kabili Ukubuyelela kabili okuseduze 12 + 12 12 + 13 25 + 25 25 + 24 • Sebenzisa iqhinga lokubuyelela kabili begodu uncephezele umehluko, isib. 13 = 14 = ukubuyelela kabili i-13 naku-1 Iqhinga leli ngelinelwazi tle begodu lifuna inomboro mizwa enamandla. Abafundi abakghona ukukhetha itheknini le bamajadu khulu emaqhingeni abawasebenzisako. Isibonelo: Ngelanga linye ekliniki abanatwana abama-24 banikelwa iinjektjheni zomgomane. Ngelanga elilandelako abantwana abama-25 bafakwa iinjektjheni. Bantwana abangaki 261 abafakwa iijektjhini sele baboke. Umraro ungararululwa ngokusebenzisa ukubuyelela kabili. Umfundi angatjho bonyana ukubueyela kabili ngama -24 naku-1 nofana ukubuyelela kabili ngama-25 ukhuphe ku-1. ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 262 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-2 namaminithi ama -24) 1.12 Ukusebenzisa Ukusebenzisa Amanambalayini Amathekh- amathekhiniki alandelako amathekhiniki alandelako Ukusebenzisa amanambalayini ukuze ukubasiza nababalako kuzanikela abafundi indlela iniki nakubalisiswako: nakubalisiswako: yokurekhoda ukucabanga kwabo nokulandela umkhondo wayo. Ivumela abafundi godu (iindlela • Imgwalo nofana • Imgwalo nofana ukuba nerekhodi lomfanekiso abangayisebenzisa ukuhlathulula bonyana bawurarulule namaqh- iinsetjenziswa iinsetjenziswa bunjani umraro. inga) eziphathekako isib, eziphathekako isib, Abafundi bebasebenzisa amanambalayini ukusuka egreyidini yoku-1. Njenganje kufanele iimbali iimbali bakwazi ukwakha amanambalayi angenalitho lapho abazokubeka inomboro ethomako • Ukwakha nokuphula • Ukwakha nokuphula begodu akhethe bonyana usuka bunjani kwenye aye kwenye. iinomboro iinomboro Isibonelo sendlela umfundi angasebenzisa inamabalayini: • Ukubuyelel a kabili • Ukubuyelel a kabili • Ukuhlanganisa nokukhupha nokuhafula phakathi nokuhafula phakathi Abafundi kufanele bonyana bakhe amanambalayini wabo begodu baphule iinomboro • Amanambalayini • Amanambalayini ngeengcenyana ezilawulekako. Isibonelo: 45 + 27   ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 45   46   47   48   49   50   51   52   53   54   55   56   57   58   59   60   61   62   63   64   65   66   67   68   69   70   71   72   • Ukubuyabuyelela Amanambalayini kufanele aragele phambili nokusetjenziswa ukusekela ukuhlanganisa okubuyelelwe. Ukweqa okulingeneko kurekhodwa enambalayinini begodu imitjho esekelako nayo ingarekhodwa. Isibonelo:   0   1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   10   11   12   13   14   15   16   17   18   19   20   21   22   23   24   8 + 8 + 8 = 24 ukweqa ka-3 kwango-8 kwenza ama-24 iinqhema ezi-3 zango-8 = 24 3x 8 = 24 ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) Ekubuyabuyeleni okunikelweko abafundi kufanele bakghone ukuhlathulula bonyana imeqo ingenziwa enambalayinini.
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO CAPS : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-2 namaminithi ama -24) 1.13 • Ukuhlanganisa • Ukuhlanganisa Ngikuphi okuhlukileko eThemini yoku-1? Ukuh- ukufikela ku-99 ukufikela ku-50 Abafundi egreyidini yesi-2 bazoragela phambili ukusebenzisa iinsetjenziswa eziphathekako langanisa • Ukukhupha ku-99 • Ukukhupha ku-50 neminye imifanekiso ukusiza ukuhloma inomboro mizwa nokubala. Ukusetjenziswa nokukhupha • Ukusebenzisa • Ukusebenzisa kwemifanekiso le kuzakuba ngokungabonakaliko ukuya nokuya kwesikhathi.ngokuphela amatshwayo afaneleko amatshwayo afaneleko konyaka egreyidini yesi-2 abafundi kufanele ukube babala ukufikela eenomborweni ( +, -, =, ) ( +, -, =, ) yamadijithi amathathu ngaphandle kokusetjenziswa kweensetjenziswa eziphathekako. Abafundi begreyidi yesi-2 baragela phambili uksebenzisa nokutjhega amaqhinga • Ukuzijayeza iinomboro • Ukuzijayeza wabo wokubala. Bathloga ukusekelwa ekwenzeni isiqiniseko sokobana ukurekhoda ebhodini ukufika e 20 ukulumbana kwabo kungerherho. Ukuze ifundwe ngibo nabanye. Begreyidi yesi-2 bazokusebenzisa kweenomboro ukufika ukurekhoda kwemihlobo eminengi bazakuba nokuzethemba okukhulu ekusebenziseni e -15 iinomboro begodu namatshwayo njengendlela yokurekhoda. Abafundi kufanele bakghone “ukucabanga” ngemibuzo ababuzwe yona begodu baqale erherhweni leenomboro lomraro ukuthatha isinqumo ngeqhinga elihle khulu. Ngokurarulula imiraro abafundi bathoma ukuthuthukisa amaqhinga wabo wokubala begodu neendlela zabo zokurekhoda. Egreyidini yesi-2 bazokutjhega lokho. NgeThemu le kufanele babe nokuzithemba ekufundeni iindlea zabo zokurekhoda begodu bahlathulula bonyana bafike bunjani ependulweni Abafundi kufanele bakghone ukwenza okulandelako ngokuhlanganisa nangokukhupha: Nanyana abafundi basebenzisa iinsetjenziswa eziphathekako nemifanekiso ukusekela ukubala kwabo nakuza ekusebenzeni ngeenomboro, kufanele bakghone ukubala ngeleveli engaphathekiko. Ngethemini abafundi kufuneka baragele phambili ngemibuzo yokubala ngokubuyelela kabili ngeendlela ezihlukeneko ukuze bakghone ukusebenzisa ukubuyelela kabili okuseduze njengeqhinga lokubala. Isibonelo: Buyelela kabili ama-20. Tlola lokhu njengokuhlanganisa imitjho yeenomboro kopa uzalise: • 12 + 12 =  • 15 +  = 30 • 16 +  = 32 • 17 + 17 =  • 36 = 18 +  • 38 =  + 19 263 Iindlela ezingabakhona zokubonisa ukubala ngokuhlanganisa nangokukhupha. ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 264 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-2 namaminithi ama -24) 1.13 • Ukuhlanganisa • Ukuhlanganisa ukuphula inomboro ibe ziinqunjwana ezincani ukwenza ukubala kube lula Ukuh- ukufikela ku-99 ukufikela ku-50 ukusebenzisa ilwazi lobukhulu bedijithi ukuphula iinomboro ngalitjhumi nangakunye langanisa • Ukukhupha ku-99 • Ukukhupha ku-50 Ukuhlanganisa iinomboro zamadijithi amabili ngokuphula innomboror zombili nokukhupha • Ukusebenzisa • Ukusebenzisa 23 + 36 =  amatshwayo afaneleko amatshwayo afaneleko 23 + 36 = (20 + 3) + (30 + 6) ( +, -, =, ) ( +, -, =, ) = (20 + 30) + (3 + 6) • Ukuzijayeza iinomboro • Ukuzijayeza ebhodini ukufika e 20 ukulumbana = 50 + 9 kweenomboro ukufika = 59 e -15 Ukuhlanganisa ngokuphula inomboro yinye Ukuhlanganisa iinomboro zamadijithi amabili ngokuphula inomboro yinye 23 + 36 =  23 + (30 + 6) 23 + 30 ➝ 53 + 6 = 59 Abafundi bangaphula inomboro ngeendlea ezihlukeneko ezilawulekako. Lokhu kutjho ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 bonyana bazokwenza ngeendlela ezihlukeneko: 23 + 36 =  23 + (10 + 10 + 10 + 6) 23 + 10 ➝ 33 + 10 ➝ 43 + 10 ➝ 53 + 6 = 59 Ukukhupha ukuphula iinomboro zombili 47 – 26 =  47 – 26 = (40 + 7) – (20 + 6) = (40 – 20) + (7 – 6) = 20 + 1 = 21 42 – 26 =  42 – 26 (30 + 12) – (20 + 6) 30 – 20 = 10 ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) 12 – 6 = 6 10 + 6 = 16
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO CAPS : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-2 namaminithi ama -24) 1.13 • Ukuhlanganisa • Ukuhlanganisa • Ukukhupha ngokuphula inomboro Ukuh- ukufikela ku-99 ukufikela ku-50 47 – 26 =  langanisa • Ukukhupha ku-99 • Ukukhupha ku-50 47 – (20 + 6) nokukhupha • Ukusebenzisa • Ukusebenzisa 47 – 20 = 27 amatshwayo afaneleko amatshwayo afaneleko ( +, -, =, ) ( +, -, =, ) 27 – 6 = 21 • Ukuzijayeza iinomboro • Ukuzijayeza 42 – 26 =  ebhodini ukufika e 20 ukulumbana (30 + 12) – 26 kweenomboro ukufika 30 – 26 = 4 e -15 12 + 4 = 16 lindela bonyana abanye abafundi banga phula inomboro ngeendlela ezihlukeneko ukwenza bulula izinto bonyana babale: 47 – 26 =  47 – (10 + 10 + 6) 47 – 10 ➝ 37 – 10 ➝ 27 – 6 = 21 Ukusebenzisa ilwazi langaphambili njengamathekniki Amathekniki aboniswa ngenzasi avumela abafundi bonyana bahlele kuhle ukubala kwabo nemizwa yeenomboro. Ukujayeza amathekniki angenzasi kuzokuthaza abafundi bonyana batjengise ubudlelwano hlangana kweenomboro nokufundisa abafundi bonyana bakghone ukusebenzisa nokutjengisa ilwazi labo ukubasiza ukubala. Bala uye phambili nemuva 48 – 39 =  Ukubala uye phezulu ngakunye ukusuka ema-39 liqhinga elifaneleko ngombana iinomboro zitjhidelene. Ukulemuka ukubuyelela kabili okuseduze 24 + 25 uhlathulula bonyana kubuyelwe kabili ngama-24 naku-1 nofana kubuyelelwe kabili ngama-25 naku-1. 24 + 24 + 1 Abafundi bangarekhoda amaqhinga wabo basebenzisa amasungulo 24 + (20 + 4) + 1 24 + 20 ➝ 44 + 4 ➝ 48 + 1 = 49 265 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 266 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-2 namaminithi ama -24) 1.13 • Ukuhlanganisa • Ukuhlanganisa Ukusebenzisa ukuqunta kabili/ukuhafula ukuphula inomboro Ukuh- ukufikela ku-99 ukufikela ku-50 29 + 12 langanisa • Ukukhupha ku-99 • Ukukhupha ku-50 29 + (6 + 6) nokukhupha • Ukusebenzisa • Ukusebenzisa 29 + 6 ➝ 35 + 6 = 41 amatshwayo afaneleko amatshwayo afaneleko ( +, -, =, ) ( +, -, =, ) Tjhugulela inomboro ekubuyabuyeleni kwalitjhumi begodu ukhuphe nofana uhlanganise • Ukuzijayeza iinomboro • Ukuzijayeza ebhodini ukufika e 20 ukulumbana Bala uye phezulu nofana phasi enomborweni eseduze ne-10 kweenomboro ukufika 28 + 19 = e -15 La abafundi kufuze bazitjele bonyana banamandla wokuthetha amabili. Tjhugulula ama-28 nofana i-19 ebuyelelweni eliseduza langali-10. Bazazikhethela. Isibalo singatlolwa bunje: 28 + 19 = 28 + 20 - 1 28 + 20 ➝ 48 - 1 = 47 Abanye abafundi bangaphula ama-20 ngeenqhema ezi-2 zangali-10 ukubala kuhle. Kusiza abafundi ukuba nokuzithemba okukhulu eembalweni nofana ngokuzijamela eembalweni, nabanamaqhinga ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 -- ukuhlola iinsombululo zabo; begodu -- Ukuhlulela ukuzwakala kweensombululo zabo. ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO CAPS : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-2 namaminithi ama -24) 1.14 • Buyabuyelela • Buyabuyelela Ngikuphi okuhlukileko eThemini yesi-12 Ukuh- iinomboro ku-1ukufika iinomboro ukufika ku Ngethemini yesibili abafundi batjheje ukujayeza ukuzwisisa ukubuyabuyelela. langanisa e- 10 ngaku – 1, 2,5,3 10 ngaku -2 nesi 5 Ukubuyabuyelela ku-1 ukufike e-10 ngaku-5 kuthulwa. Ukwethula ukubuyabuyelela okubuyele- na-4 • Ukusebenzisa ngaku-5, qala amanothi wokubuyabuyelela ngaku-2 ethemini yoku-1. lweko • Ukusebenzisa amatshwayo afaneleko Ekupheleni kweThemu abafundi bafanele bakghone ukurekhoda okulandelako: okurholela amatshwayo afaneleko ( +, -, =, ) Isiqhema si-1 saku-5 ku-5 nofana ku-1 ukubuyabuyelele ngaku-5 ku-5 nofana 1 × 5 = 5 ekubuy- ( +, -, =, ) abuyeleleni Iinqhema ezi-2 zaku-2 ku-4 nofana ku-2 ukubuyabuyelele ngaku-2 ku-4 nofana 2 × 2 = 4 Iinqhema ezi-3 zaku-2 si-6 nofana ku-3 ukubuyabuyelele ngaku-2 si-6 nofana 3 × 2 = 6 Umnqopho awukho ekufundeni ngehloko kodwana ekwakheni umqondo wokubuyabuyelela. Abafundi bafunda ukufunda begodu bazwisisa imitjho yeenomboro yokubuyabuyelela. Imifanekiso yokubuyabuyelela ukubuyabuyelela kufanele kunikelwe begodu nokurekhoda okunengi kwenziwe encwadini yomsebenzi. Iimbonelo zomsebenzi otloliweko Ukurekhoda emathebuleni: Inani labantwana 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Inani lemilenze Amatjhadi naneko   1 2 3 4 ×  !     5 Lokha nawusebenza ngeenomboro zamaphetheni, ukubuyabuyelela kungahlanganiswa nokubala okweqako, ngokuphenya amaphetheni wokubuyabuyelela egreyidini yenomboro. Isibonelo: Abafundi bangarekhoda abobili nabohlanu egreyidini yenomboro. Bangakhuluma ngokuthi ngiziphi iinomboro ezenzeka ngemathebuleni wokubuyelela kabili neyokubuyelela kahlanu. 267 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 268 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-2 namaminithi ama -24) 1.16 Umqondonomboro: Umqondonomboro: Umqondonomboro: Iimbalo Irherho lama-99 Irherho lama-20 Amaqhinga wokubala, umqondonomboro, ilwazi namaphuzu weenomboro aziwako zehloko • Ukurhemisa iinomboro • Ukurhemisa iinomboro ayathuthukiswa ngokurarulula imiraro nokubala. Lezi zijayeza ngesikhathi seembalo ezikhethiweko ezikhethiweko zehloko. Lokhu kusiza abafundi bonyana babajayele begodu bakghone ukuzisebenzisa ngokwesede ngokwesede ngobulula lokha nababala begodu nabararulula imiraro ngebujameni. enikeliweko. enikeliweko. Isibonelo semibuzo engabuzwa: • Madanisa iinomboro • Madanisa iinomboro ukufika ema-99 utjho ukufika e-100 utjho Amagama weenomboro namatshwayo bonyana ngiyiphi e-1, bonyana ngiyiphi e-1, Phakamisa ikarada nofana utlole phasi igama lenomboro. Khetha umfundi ukutlola 2, 3, 4, 5 nakunengi 2, 3, 4, 5 nakunengi inyumerali emadanako. nofana ngakuncani nofana ngakuncani nge-10 nge-10 Okunengi nofana okuncani Ukukhumbula: Ukukhumbula: Khuyini oku? • Amaphuzu khumbula ukuhlanganisa • okuncani nga-1 ema -50 wokuhlukanisa nokukhupha amaphuzu • okunengi nga-1 ema -39 nokukhupha ukufika ukufika e-10 • okuncani ngaku-3 kunama -27 ema-20 Amaqhinga wokubala • okunengi ngali-10 kunama -20 • hlanganisa nofana ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 Ukusebenzisa ukhuphe ukubuyelela amaqhinga wokubalisa Ngiyiphi iledere yesi-5 ye-alfabhethi? kali-10 ukusuka e-0 ukuhlanganisa Ngiyiphi inyanga ye-9 enyakeni? ukufika 100 nokukhupha ngekghono Ngaphambi nofana ngemuva Amaqhinga wokubala elifaneleko: Ngiyiphi inomboro eza ngaphambi kwama-37? Ukusebenzisa • Beka inomboro ekulu amaqhinga wokubalisa maqangi ukuze ubale Ngiyiphi inomboro eza ngemuva kwama-39? ukuhlanganisa uye phambili nofana Ukuhlela nokumadanisa nokukhupha ngekghono ubale uye emuva Ngiyiphi enengi: ama-21 nofana ama-41? elifaneleko: • Inambalayini • Beka inomboro ekulu Nginikela inomboro hlangana kwama-37 nama-39. • Ukubuyelela kabili ekuthomeni ukuze nokuhafula phakathi Amaphuzu wokuhlanganisa nokukhupha: ubale uye phambili Qala amanothi weThemu yoku-1 nofana ubale uye • Ukwakha nokuphula emuva • Sebenzisa • Inambalayini ubudlelwano hlangana kokuhlanganisa • Ukubuyelela kabili nokukhupha nokuhafula phakathi • Ukwakha nokuphula ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) • Sebenzisa ubudlelwano hlangana kokuhlanganisa nokukhupha
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO CAPS : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-2 namaminithi ama -24) 1.16 Umqondonomboro: Umqondonomboro: Amaqhinga wokubala Iimbalo Irherho lama-99 Irherho lama-20 Sebenzisa amaqhinga wokubala okuhlanganisa nokukhupha ngokuphumelela. zehloko • Ukurhemisa iinomboro • Ukurhemisa iinomboro Hlanganisa iinomboro ezimbalwa ngokusebenzisa amaqhinga anjengo: ezikhethiweko ezikhethiweko ngokwesede ngokwesede • Qala iimpara zeenomboro ezingenza i-10 uzisebenzise mantanzi enikeliweko. enikeliweko. 2+7+8 • Madanisa iinomboro • Madanisa iinomboro 2 + 8 benza i- 10 hlanganisa ne-7 ukufika ema-99 utjho ukufika e-100 utjho bonyana ngiyiphi e-1, bonyana ngiyiphi e-1, Beka inomboro ekulu ekuthomeni ukuze ubale uye phambili nofana bala uye emuva. 2, 3, 4, 5 nakunengi 2, 3, 4, 5 nakunengi • Thoma ngenomboro ekulu khulu nofana ngakuncani nofana ngakuncani 3+6 nge-10 nge-10 Yitjho godu umutjho wenomboro: 6 + 3 begodu ubale uye phambili ngesi-9 Ukukhumbula: Ukukhumbula: • Sebenzisa ukubuyelela kabili njengeqhinga lokubala ngehloko • Amaphuzu khumbula ukuhlanganisa wokuhlukanisa nokukhupha amaphuzu Bona ukubuyelela kabili okuseduze. nokukhupha ukufika ukufika e-10 Isibonelo: ema-20 Amaqhinga wokubala 5 + 4 = 9 hlathulula bonyana ukubuyelela kabili kwanga-4 naku-1 nofana ukubuyelela kabili • hlanganisa nofana Ukusebenzisa kwanga-5 ukhupha ku-1 ukhuphe ukubuyelela amaqhinga wokubalisa kali-10 ukusuka e-0 Khumbula bonyana lokha iinomboro ezimbili zitjhidelene ngobukhulu kulula ukuthola ukuhlanganisa ukufika 100 umehluko ngokubala uye phezulu kunokubala uye emuva. nokukhupha ngekghono Amaqhinga wokubala elifaneleko: 8 – 6 = 2 begodu hlathulula bonyana ukubala uye phezulu ukusuka esi-6 ukuya e-8 Ukusebenzisa • Beka inomboro ekulu kukunikela oku-2 amaqhinga wokubalisa maqangi ukuze ubale Ezinye iimbalo zehloko zingenziwa ngaphandle kweensetjenziswa, kodwana kuyasiza ukuhlanganisa uye phambili nofana ukwenza i imbalo zehloko ngeensetjenziswa. nokukhupha ngekghono ubale uye emuva Iinsetjenziswa eziphakamisiweko elifaneleko: • Inambalayini • Beka inomboro ekulu • Inambalayini (ehlelekileko nenganalitho) • Ukubuyelela kabili ekuthomeni ukuze nokuhafula phakathi • Igridi yenomboro ubale uye phambili • amakarada wobukhulu beenomboro (amakarada wamaflardi) nofana ubale uye • Ukwakha nokuphula emuva • Sebenzisa • Ukubala imincamo • Inambalayini ubudlelwano hlangana kokuhlanganisa • Ukubuyelela kabili nokukhupha nokuhafula phakathi • Ukwakha nokuphula • Sebenzisa 269 ubudlelwano hlangana kokuhlanganisa nokukhupha ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 270 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-2 namaminithi ama -24) 1.17 • Sebenzisa begodu • Sebenzisa bewutjho IThemu le inqophise: Amafra- utjho amafrakhtjhini amafraktjhini okufaka Ethemini le abafundi bathulwa emafraktjhinini. Abafundi bazothulwa emafraktjhinini ngokwabelana imiraro khtjhini okufaka hlangana hlangana amahafu, yamagama nemisetjenzana iinquntu,/amahafu amakota, isithathu Nokho ke, umnqopho weengcenye zamafraktjhini uqakathekile bonyana kufanele ithuthukiswe ukuya phambili amakotara, iingcenye begodu nesihlanu usebenzisa imisetjenzana efakiweko. ezintathu neengcenye • Ukubona amafraktjhini ezihlanu • Ukwenza ubujamo besiquntu nekotara ngokubhinca nokuqunta. ebujameni • Ukubona obuyidayagremu Abafundi bangabhinca iphepha ngesiquntu batjhoingcenye ngayinye. Kuqakathekile bonyana bazwisie amafrakhtjhini bonyana lokha nawenza iingcenye ezifanako ngokhunye, ubiza iingcenye ngayinye isiquntu/ihafu. • Tlola amafraktjhini ngendlela Bangabuyelela godu babhince isiquntu/ihafu sephepha. Okuqakathekile la ngukubhinca iphepha ngeendlela njenge siquntu si-1 yedayagremu ezihlukeneko ukufumana isiquntu/ ihafu esihlukileko ubu-2 kobu-3 • Ukutlola amafrakhtjhini njengesiquntu si-   1, iingcenye ezi-2 zobuthathu ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 nofana or   Ngaso soke isikhathi bawa abafundi ukubikezela bonyana ziiinquntu ezingaki abazozithola begodu ukubavumela bonyana baphuthulule iphepha bahlole. Ukumadanisa iingcenye ezimbili ezingafaniko nofana ubujamo obubili obungafaniko bamakotara kungarholela eenkulumeni ezikarisako zobujamo nobukhulu. ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO CAPS : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-2 namaminithi ama -24) 1.17 • Sebenzisa begodu • Sebenzisa bewutjho Ungabuza abafundi: Amafra- utjho amafrakhtjhini amafraktjhini okufaka Ngingabiza ubujamo lobu obubili ngegama elifanako lenomboro, isiquntu esisodwa? khtjhini okufaka hlangana hlangana amahafu, iinquntu,/amahafu amakota, isithathu   amakotara, iingcenye begodu nesihlanu ezintathu neengcenye • Ukubona amafraktjhini ezihlanu ebujameni • Ukubona obuyidayagremu Ngitjengisa bonyana ngingabiza ubujamo lobu obubili ngegama lenomboro ikotara yinye. amafrakhtjhini • Tlola amafraktjhini ngendlela njenge siquntu si-1   yedayagremu ubu-2 kobu-3 • Ukutlola amafrakhtjhini njengesiquntu si- Abafundi kufanele batjho ingcenye ngayinye begodu lokhu kungenziwa ngokutlola amafrakthjini. Isibonelo: 1, iingcenye ezi-2 zobuthathu ikotara yinye • isiquntu sinye Ukuhlanganisa ukwenza okupheleleko Abafundi abasebenzise amafraktjhini weendulungu nofana basike iindulungu emaphepheni ukuthola bonyana isiquntu nekotara kungahlanganiswa bunjani ukwenza okupheleleko godu. • Ukufaka umbala emafraktjhinini Imisetjenzana le ikhuthaza: • ukwazi bonyana amafraktjhini aziingcenye ezifanako; • ukubona iingcenye zamafrakthjini; nokutjho iingcenye zamafraktjhini. Ukutlola amagama wamafraktjhini Abafundi asibathuli ekutloleni amatshwayo wamafraktjhini. Abafundi bafunda ukulebula iingcenye zamafraktjhini ngokutlola isiquntu?ihafu sinye nofana ikotara yinye. 271 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
IGREYIDI YESI- 2 ITHEMU YESI- 2 2. AMAPHETHENI, AMAFANKTJHINI NE-ALJIBHRA 272 UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-2 namaminithi ama -24) 2.1 Kopa ,ungezelele Kopa ,ungezelele Egreyidini yoku-1 neyesi -2,eThemini yoku-1, kuphakamisiwe bonyana abafundi Isifundo esi-1 Amapheth- bewuhlathulule bewuhlathulule basebenzise amaphetheni anamalunga (ubujamo, imida nofana izinto) aphindwe eni weJi- Kopa ,ungezelele Kopa ,ungezelele ngendlela elinganako. Ethemini ye-2 yegreyidi ye-2 abafundi bangathoma ukusebenza yomethri bewuhlathulule bewuhlathulule ngamaphetheni lapho ubukhulu bamajamo nofana inomboro zamajamo zitjhuguluka ngamagama ngamagama ngendlela yokubonela phambili. • Amaphetheni alula • Amaphetheni alula Amaphetheni ambadlwana aneenqhema zobujamo ezifana khulu nofana izinto enziwe ngezinto enziwe ngezinto ezibuyelelweko, lapho ubukhulu bobujamo eengcenyeni ngayinye itjhuguluka ngendlela eziphathekako eziphathekako ejayelekileko yokubonela phambili. Isib. Ubujamo bubabuncani • Amaphetheni alula • Amaphetheni alula   enziwe ngemigwalo enziwe ngemigwalo yemida,ubujamo yemida,ubujamo nafana izinto . nafana izinto . Tlama begodu Tlama begodu Amanye amaphetheni enziwa ngomhlobo owodwa wobujamo, kodwana isibonelo ngasinye uhlathulule uhlathulule ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 sobujamo siyanda nofana siyaphunguka ngobukhulu amaphetheni wakho amaphetheni wakho Isibonelo: tlama amaphetheni tlama amaphetheni weJiyomethri weJiyomethri   • Ngezinto • Ngezinto eziphathekako eziphathekako • Ngokugwala imida, • Ngokugwala imida, Amanye amaphetheni ambadlwana enziwa ngeenqhema lapho amajamo afanako wezinto ubujamo nofana izinto ubujamo nofana izinto avelako, kodwana inomboro yomhlobo yobujamo obuthile nofana into iyanda nofana Amaphetheni iyaphunguka ngendlela ejayelekileko isib asizombelezileko   Ukubona, ukuhlathulula ngamagama nokukopa Ukukopa iphetheni kusiza abafundi ukubona ilojikhi yokuthi iphetheni yenzwe njani. amaphetheni weJiyomethri Ukungezelela iphetheni kusiza abafundi ukubona bonyana bayizwisisile ilojikhi yephetheni. • Ngokwemvelo, Ukuhlathulula amaphetheni kusiza abafundi ukuthuthukisa amakghono welimi nowokukhuluma. Isiza nawe ukubona bonyana abafundi bayihlathulule njani iphetheni. • Kusukela epilweni Kuvamile ukubalula bonyana abafundi bakhulume ngephetheni ngemuva kokuyenza. yangamalanga Ngalesisikhathi abafundi kufanele bakwazi ukuhlathulula amaphetheni ngaphandle kosizo ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) yesimodeni, lwemibuzo ekhokhelako. Ragela phambili ngomnqopho wokuthuthukisa ilimi abalitlhogako • kusukela kezamagugu ukuhlathulula amaphetheni. nendabuko yethu.
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO CAPS : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-2 namaminithi ama -24) 2.2 Ukukopa, ukungezelela Ukukopa, ukungezelela Qala amanothi eThemini 1, kodwana wandise irherho leenomboro ukuya e-150 Iimfundo ezi-3 Amaphe- nokuhlathulula nokuhlathulula theni Ukukopa, ukungezelela Ukukopa, ukungezelela weenom- nokuhlathulula nokuhlathulula boro ukulandelanisa ukulandelanisa kweenomboro ezilula kweenomboro ezilula ukufika ku-200 ukufika ku-150. Tlama begodu Ukulandelanisa kufanele uhlathulule kubonise ukubalela amaphetheni wakho ukuya phambili nemuva nga: Tlama begodu uhlathulule amaphetheni • Ku-1 ukusuka kwenye weenomboro nenye inomboro hlangana ne-0 ne-150 • Li-10 ukusuka kesinye nesinye isibuyabuyelelo se-10 hlangana ne-0 ne-150 • Ku-5 ukusuka kesinye nesinye isibuyabuyelelo saka ku-5 hlangana ne-0 ne-150 • Ku-2 ukusuka kesinye nesinye isibuyabuyelelo saka ku- 2 hlangana ne -0 ne-150 • Ku-3 naku-4 ukusuka kesinye nesinye isibuyabuyelelo saka ku-3 hlangana ne -0 ne-150 273 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
IGREYIDI YESI-2 ITHEMU YESI-2 3. ISIKHALA NOBUJAMO (JIYOMETHRI) 274 UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-2 namaminithi ama -24) 3.1 Ilimi lobujamo Ilimi lobujamo Umnqopho ophakanyisiweko weThemu 2: ubujamo belimi endaweni, ukulandela Iimfundo ezi-2 Ubujamo, Ukuhlathulula Ukuhlathulula ikombatjhuba ukuzijayeza ubujamo bento yinye ubujamo bento yinye Umnqopho ethemini ye-2 ungaba sendaweni nasekuzijayezeni. NgeThemu yesi-3 abafundi nokubukela ngokuhlobane nenye isib. ngokuhlobane nenye isib. bangasebenza ngemibono. Thoma ngokuhlola lokha abafundi abakwaziko begodu ngaphezulu, ngaphambi ngaphezulu, ngaphambi ukhumbule indawo nokuzijayeza. kwe, ngemuva, kwe, ngemuva, Ngikuphi okuhlukileko kuneThemu yoku-1? esinceleni, ngesindleni, esinceleni, ngesindleni, Egreyidini ye-2, abafundi bahlanganisa umsebenzi abawenze ngendawo, ukujayela phezulu, phasi, eqadi phezulu, phasi, eqadi nemibono egreyidini yo-1. kwe kwe Ubujamo belimi endaweni Ubujamo nokubukela Indawo nekombatjhuba Ubujamo belimi endaweni kufanele kuthulwe begodu bujayezwe ngemisetjenzana Madanisa imibono Landela ilayelo eyenzekako ebandakanya abafundi emisikinyekweni ephathekako, kubalwa iingoma ehlukeneko yezinto ukukhambakhamba nemidunduzelo enemisikinyeko begodu nemidlalo enamagama anomsikinyeko. Lokhu zangamalanga ezifanako ngetlasini kungenziwa ngesikhathi sokufundisa itlasi loke nofana ngesikhathi sokufundisa isiqhema Indawo nekombatjhuba . ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 esinqotjhiweko. Kuphakanyiswe bona usebensize iinfundo ezimbili zemisetjenzana Landela ilayelo yobujamo ethemini ye-2, kodwana ragela phambili ukuthula nokujayeza amagama ukukhambakhamba wobujamo engcenyeni ezifitjhani zetlasi loke, isiqhema esinqotjhiweko nesikhathi ngetlasini somsebenzi sokuzijamela. Ubujamo belimi endaweniingajayeza ngesikhathi sesifundo seLimi namaKghono Wepilo. Ubujamo belimi endaweni bungahlanganiswa ngokurekhodwa okutloliweko njengokufaka umbala nofana ukumadanisa imigwalo ngamgama, ukugwala into nofana ubujamo nabatjhelwe ukuhlobana kobujamo nezinye izinto nofana ubujamo, ukufaka umbala nofana ukumadanisa imigwalo ngamagama. Indawo nekombatjhuba Ukufundisa abafundi ukulandela ikombandlela kufanele kwenziwe ngemisetjenzana eyenzekako lapho abafundi bazikhambela bona balandela imiyalelo. Egreyidini ye-2 abafundi banganikelwa nofana ngomlomo nofana ikombatjhuba etloliweko ukukhambakhamba ngetlasini, isib. “yiza phambili etlasini”; ‘jama eqadi kwesitulo”; “yeqa ngaphezu komgqomu weenzibi”. ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO CAPS : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-2 namaminithi ama -24) 3.2 Imihlobohlobo Akunamnqopho onqophileko womsebenzi ophakanyisiweko weThemu ye-2. Kodwana, Izinto ezi- yamajamo umsebenzi wobujamo-3-D ungahlanganiswa ngemisebenzi etlolwako. Abafundi busontathu Ukukhumbula bangaragela phambili ukwakha izinto zobujamo be 3-D ngemathiriyali ebuyelelwe (3-D) nokutjho izinto ezi yasetjenziswa godu nofana amakhidi wokwakha ngesikhathi sokusebenza ngokuzijamela. 3-D ezingetlasini neenthombeni • Ubujamo bebhola (indulungu) • Ubujamo bebhoksi (iphrizimu) • Amasilinda Amatshwayo wezinto Hlathulula, uhlele ngamananeko umadanise ubujamo be 3-D ngokuya nga: • Bukhulu • Izinto ezigedekako • Izinto ezitjhelelelako Imisetjenzana enqotjhiweko Ukuqala nokwakha izinto ze 3-D ezinikelweko ngokusebenzisa imethiriyeli ephathekako ezifana namajamo wabo 2-D asikiweko , amabhlogo wokwakha, ukubuyelela iberegise into esetjenzisiweko, ipahla esetjenziswa emsebenzini wokwakha, nezinye izinto zeJiyomethri ne 3-D. 275 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 276 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-2 namaminithi ama -24) 3.3 Amajamo Amajamo Ngikuphi okutjha ngegreyidini ysie-2 Amajamo ahlukahlukeneko ahlukahlukeneko • aboncantathu abobusobu- Ukubona nokutjho Ukubona nokutjho Umsebenzi omnengi wobujamo egreyidini ye-2 wenziwa ngokwenza ngezinto bili (2-D) amajamo be 2-D amajamo be 2-D eziphathekako. Woke umsebenzi kufanele uhlanganiswe ngemisebenzi etloliweko. • Indulungu • Indulungu Abafundi bathoma ngomdlalo otjhaphulukileko ngobujamo obuhlukahlukeneko kubalwa • Uncantathu • Uncantathu nokwenza iinthombe ngojamo obusikelwe futhi bejeyomethri. Lokhu kungenziwa • Isikwere • Isikwere ngesikhathi sokuzijamela. Lokhu kungenziwa godu ngesifundo samaKghono Wepilo. • Uncamane • Uncamane Abafundi bakhopha iinthombe ezenziwe ngobujamo bejeyomethri. Iinthombe lezi zinganikelwa botitjhere nofana incwadi yokufunisa. Lokhu kusiza abafundi bona bakghone Amatshwayo Amatshwayo ukufanisa. wamajamo wamajamo • iindulungu neenkwere zobukhulu obuhlukeneko; Hlathulula, uhlele Hlathulula, uhlele ngemihlobo begodu ngemihlobo begodu • iinkwere, aboncamane naboncantathu ebujameni obuhlukeneko umadanise amajamo umadanise amajamo • Aboncamane naboncantathu bobujamo obuhlukeneko. Lokhu kungenziwa ngesikhathi abobusobubili (2-D) abobusobubili (2-D) sokuzijamela. Lokhu kungenziwa godu ngesifundo samaKghono Wepilo. ngokuqala lokhu: ngokuqala lokhu: • Ubukhulu • Ubukhulu ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 • Umbala • Umbala • ubujamo • ubujamo • amahlangothi • amahlangothi anqophileko anqophileko • amahlangothi • amahlangothi aziindulungu aziindulungu ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO CAPS : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-2 namaminithi ama -24) 3.3 Amajamo Amajamo Ukumadanisa nokuhlathulula amajamo we-2-D: ubukhulu Iimfundo ezi-3 Amajamo ahlukahlukeneko ahlukahlukeneko Abafundi bamadanisa ubukhulu bobujamo obufanako isib. abobusobu- Ukubona nokutjho Ukubona nokutjho • hlela iindulungu ukusukela kwencani khulu ukuya kwekulu khulu, bili (2-D) amajamo be 2-D amajamo be 2-D • beka zoke iinkwere nofana ubukhulu obufanako endaweni yinye, • Indulungu • Indulungu Sebenzisa ilimi lobukhulu ukumadanisa ubujamo obuhlukeneko isib. “ngigwale uncamane • Uncantathu • Uncantathu ngaphakathi kwesikwere, ngakho-ke uncantathu mncani kunesikwere. • Isikwere • Isikwere Ukuhlathulula amajamo we-(2-D): umbala • Uncamane • Uncamane Abafundi bakhuluma ngemibala yobujamo begodu bahlela ubujamo ngokuya ngombala. Amatshwayo Amatshwayo Ukufanisa nokutjho izinto nemibala yazo, begodu nokumadanisa ubukhulu bezinto, wamajamo wamajamo kungajayezwa ngesikhathi sokusebenza ngamaphetheni. Hlathulula, uhlele Hlathulula, uhlele Ukukhumbula nokutjho iindulungu, aboncantathu, iinkwere naboncane. ngemihlobo begodu ngemihlobo begodu Abafundi kufanele basebenze ngeendulungu nangeenkwere zobukhulu obuhlukeneko umadanise amajamo umadanise amajamo nangaboncantathu bobujamo obuhlukeneko. abobusobubili (2-D) abobusobubili (2-D) ngokuqala lokhu: ngokuqala lokhu: Kuqakathekile bona abafundi bangaboni isibonelo sinye sobujamo ngabunye. Amasede wobujamo amaninginwokurhweba anikela isibonelo sinye saboncantathu. Abafundi • Ubukhulu • Ubukhulu kufanele bakghone ukukhumbula. • Umbala • Umbala -- Aboncantathu anamajamo ahlukahlukeneko begodu abekwa ngeendlela ezingafaniko. • ubujamo • ubujamo Lezi ngezinye zeembonelo zaboncantathu • amahlangothi • amahlangothi   anqophileko anqophileko • amahlangothi • amahlangothi aziindulungu aziindulungu -- Iinkwere zobukhulu obuhlukeneko, zabekwa ngeendlela ezihlukeneko. Lezi ngezinye zeembonelo zeenkwere:   -- Aboncamane bamajamo ahlukeneko, abekwe ngeendlela ezihlukeneko. Lezi ngezinye zeembonelo zaboncamane   277 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 278 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-2 namaminithi ama -24) 3.3 Amajamo Amajamo -- Iiindulungu zobujamo obuhlukeneko. Lezi ngezinye zeembonelo zeendulungu: Iimfundo ezi-3 Amajamo ahlukahlukeneko ahlukahlukeneko abobusobu- Ukubona nokutjho Ukubona nokutjho bili (2-D) amajamo be 2-D amajamo be 2-D • Indulungu • Indulungu • Uncantathu • Uncantathu • Isikwere • Isikwere Kuqakathekile bona abafundi basebenze ngomfuziselo wamakhadibhodi asikiweko • Uncamane • Uncamane wobujamo.lokhu kuvumela abafundi bonyana babone aboncantathu abahlukeneko, iinkwere ezihlukeneko naboncamane abahlukeneko babekwe ngeendlela ezihlukeneko. Amatshwayo Amatshwayo wamajamo wamajamo Abafundi bahlela ubujamo ngokuya ngokuthi bunamahlangothi anqophileko nofana ayindulunga. Hlathulula, uhlele Hlathulula, uhlele ngemihlobo begodu ngemihlobo begodu Abafundi bahlela begodu babuthelele nobujamo ukuya ngokuthi aboncamane, iinkwere, umadanise amajamo umadanise amajamo nofana iindulungu. abobusobubili (2-D) abobusobubili (2-D) Umsebenzi uhlanganiswa ngemisebenzi etlolwako. Imisebenzi le ingafaka ukufaka umbala, ngokuqala lokhu: ngokuqala lokhu: ukumadanisa amagama ngobujamo njll. • Ubukhulu • Ubukhulu ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 • Umbala • Umbala • ubujamo • ubujamo • amahlangothi • amahlangothi anqophileko anqophileko • amahlangothi • amahlangothi aziindulungu aziindulungu 3.4 Isimethri Isimethri Abafundi kufanele baqale imida yesimethri ngezinto eziphathekako nangeenthombe. Isifundo esi-1 Isimethri Ukukhumbula Ukukhumbula Iimisebenzi etlolwako nokugwala umuda nokugwala umuda -- AKUKAFANELI bonyana ibe” gwala esinye isiquntu”; wesimethri ebujameni wesimethri ebujameni -- Kufanele ifake iimbonelo lapho abafundi bagwala khona ngemudeni wesimethri. be 2-D obusebujameni be 2-D obusebujameni Umuda wesimethri akukafaneli bonyana soke isikhathi ube umuda oya phezulu, isib. obuyiJiyomethniki obuyiJiyomethniki Esithombeni senyoka umuda wesimethri kufanele ube ngothabalele; nobungasiyo nobungasiyo iJiyomethniki. iJiyomethniki. -- Ungafaka iimbonelo ezingaphezu komuda munye wesimethri. . Nangabe abafundi abanasiqiniseko sokuthi isithombe nofana ubujamo bunomuda wesimethri, bangalinga ngokubhinca isiquntu sephepha phakathi babone bonyana ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) iinquntu lezo ezimbili zimadana patsi. Nazimadanako, bese umuda obhinciweko mumuda wesimethri.
IGREYIDI YESI-2 ITHEMU YESI-2 4. UKUMEDA CAPS UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-2 namaminithi ama -24) 4.1 Ukutjho isikhathi Ukutjho isikhathi Abafundi baragela phambili ukuzijayeza ukukhuluma ngobude besikhathi begodu Isifundo esi-1 Isikhathi • Ukwazi amalanga • Ukwazi amalanga nangokulandelana kwesikhathi. weveke weveke Ngesikhathi sokufundisa itlasi loke nangesikhathi sokunqophisa esiqhemeni, abafundi • Ukwazi inyanga • Ukwazi inyanga baragela phambili ngokukhuluma ngamalanga weveke neenyanga zonyaka begodu zonyaka zonyaka nelanga lamhlokho, begodu namalanga adlulileko nalawo asezako. Abafundi bajayela amakhalenda ngokuragela phambili babeka: • Ukubeka ekhalendeni • Ukubeka ekhalendeni amalanga amalanga • amalanga wamabeletho; wamabeletho, wamabeletho, • imigidingo yekolo; imigidingo imigidingo • izehlakalo zomlando; yekolo, amalanga yekolo, amalanga • izehlakalo zesikolo; begodu wamaholideyi, wamaholideyi, izehlakalo zomlando, izehlakalo zomlando, • amalanga wamaholideyi ekhalendeni izehlakalo zesikolo izehlakalo zesikolo Ngesikhathi sokusebenza ngokuzijamela abafundi baragela phambili ngokulandelanisa ekhalendeni ekhalendeni izehlakalo zamaphilo wabo wangemihla begodu balandelanise izehlakalo zeenthombe. • Ukutjho isikhathi • Ukutjho isikhathi Abafundi babuya basebenze ngemisebenzi ehlobene nokutjho isikhathi ngama-iri. ngama-iri ali-12, ngama-iri ali-12 Ngikuphi okuhlukileko kuneThemu yoku-1? isiquntu se-iri nekotara usebenzise ama- Umnqopho ethemini yesi-2 ukubatjela isikhathi ngama-iri nangesiquntu se-iri usebenzisa ye-iri. iri, nesigamu se-iri iwatjhi ye-analogo. Lokhu kungaba mnqopho wesifundo. Kufanele kufake ukukhuluma Ukubalisisa ubude esisewatjhini ye- ngokusebenzisa abo a.m nabo p.m nesikhathi sama-iri ali-12. Ukutjho isikhathi, kufanele besikhathi nokudlula analogo. kujayezwe ngethemini ngesisekelo esiragela phambili. Isibonelo, abafundi bangabawa kwesikhathi Ukubalisisa ubude bonyana batjho isikhathi sokuthoma kwesikolo, ngesikhathi sokudla nangesikhathi sekhaya, Sebenzisa besikhathi nokudlula nofana nabaphuma kwesinye isifundo baya kwesinye. Ukukhetha isikhathi lokhja iwatjhi amakhalenda ukubalisisa kwesikhathi nayibonisa isikhathi esinqophe poro nofana isiquntu se-iri. Kuqakathekile bonyana kubekwe nokuhlathulula ubude Sebenzisa iwatjhi iwatjhi ekulu ngetlasini, ukuze abafundi bangqala kuyo. Abafundi bangenza imifuziselo besikhathi ngamalanga ukubalisisa ubude yamawatjhi. Ungababawa bonyana babonise iinkhathi ezihlukeneko ufake neembalo isib. nofana ngeenveke. besikhathi ngama-iri “Ngibonisa i-iri le-10.” “Ngibonisa bonyana kuzabe kusikhathi bani ngemuva kwesiquntu nofana isigamu se-iri. se-iri.” Sebenzisa iwatjhi ukubalisisa ubude besikhathi ngama-iri nofana isigamu se-iri. 279 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 280 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-2 namaminithi ama -24) 4.2 Ukulinganisa Ngethemini yoku-1 bekuphakanyiswe bonyana abafundi banqophise ekulinganiseni, ekumedeni nasekurekhodeni ubude, ububanzi Ubude okungakahleleki nobude ngamayunithi angakahleleki kodwana yenza godu isilinganiso, ukumeda, ukumadanisa nokurekhoda iimedo ngamamitha. • Linganisa, meda, Zombili iindlela lezi zokumeda ubude zingazijayeza ngesikhathi sokusebenza esizijameleko iThemu yoke. Umsebenzi woke kufanele madanisa, hlela urekhodwe. bewurekhode ubude Ngesikhathi esabelwe Iinomboro, ama-Opharetjhini noBudlelwana abafundi bangararulula imiraro esebenzisa ubujamo obu: kusetjhenziswa • nobude besimedo esingakahleleki begodu izinto zokumeda ezingakalinganiswa • Ukumeda ubude ngamamitha. isib. Ubude besandla, Tlhogomela irherho leenomboro elilungele iThemu, begodu nemiraro ehlukahlukeneko elungele iThemu. igadango, ubude bepensela, izinto zokubala njll. • Ukuhlathulula ubude bezinto ngokubala nokutjho bonyana mayunithi amangaki amadeangakahleleki ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 • Ukusebenzisa ilimi ukukhuluma ngokumadanisa isib. Edenyana, efitjhazana, ede, ebanzi Ukwazisa /ukwethula iimedo ezihlelelweko Linganisa, meda, madanisa, hlela bewurekhode ubude kusetjhenziswa amamitha (nofana iingojwana ezibubude bemitha nofana indambo enobude bemitha) njengemedo elihlelelweko lobude. ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO CAPS : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-2 namaminithi ama -24) 4.3 Ukulinganisa Ukulinganisa Ngikuphi okuhlukileko eGreyidini yesi-2? Imasi/ okungakahlelelwa okungakahlelelwa EGreyidini yoku-1 bekuphakanyiswe bonyana abafundi banqophise ekusebenzeni Ubudisi • Linganisa, meda, • Linganisa, meda, nesimedo sokudzimelela uku madanisa, hlela madanisa, hlela • ukumadanida ngokunqophileko ubungako bezinto; bewurekhode ubudisi bewurekhode ubudisi kusetjhenziswa kusetjhenziswa • ukuhlela nokumadanisa ubungako bezinto ezi-3 nofana ezingaphezulu, ngokubeka isikala sokudzimelela isikala sokudzimelela amapara wezinto esidzimeleleni, bekufike lapho zoke izinto zilandelana kuhle khona. nezinto zokumeda nezinto zokumeda • thola ubungako bezinto usebenzisa amayunithi angakahleleki wobudisi ezingakalinganiswa ezingakalinganiswa isib. Abafundi banqopha godu ekuthuthukiseni ilimi ukukhuluma ngobudisi isib. Amabhlogo, iintina Amabhlogo, iintina njll. njll. Abafundi kufanele bathome ngokuhlanganisa abakwaziko ngokusebenzisa isidzimelelo • Ukusebenzisa namayunithi angakahleleki ukumeda ubudisi. Bangaveza epepeneneni ubudisi • Ukusebenzisa ilimi ukukhuluma ngamakhilogremu. ilimi ukukhuluma ngokumadanisa isib. ngokumadanisa isib. Lula, kubudisi, kulula Isimedo esingakahleleki sobudisi usebenzisa isidzimelelo namayunithi angakahleleki Lula, kubudisi, kulula khulu, kubudisi khulu Abafundi bangafunda ngeemedo neenkambiso lawulo nangokuzijayeza koke asebenzisa khulu, kubudisi khulu Ukwazisa/ ukwethula amayunithi angakahleleki.Ukumeda ngamayunithi angakahleleki akukafaneli bona Ukwazisa/ukwethula ukulinganisa ithatheleke phasi kunokumeda ngamayunithi ahlelekile. ukulinganisa okuhlelekileko Iindimelelo zobudisi zerhwebo zingasetjenziswa. Nawunganasidzimelelo serhwebo, okuhlelekileko • Ukumadanisa, ukuhlela ungasenza ngokuhlanganisa ipara yakhunye okulandelako ehangereni: ikopi leyogadi, • Ukumadanisa, ukuhlela nokurekhoda ubudisa ingaphasi lebhodlela eliquntiweko, nengaphasi lebhodlela eliquntiweko lelith yebisi nofana nokurekhoda ubudisa bezinto ezipakwe ibhoksi leenselo ezimakhaza (iimumathi ezifanako zihlanganiswe ngemahlangothini bezinto ezipakwe ngokwerhwebo womabili wehangere). ngokwerhwebo okubonisa Ukumeda ubudisi ngamayunithi angakahleleki kufaka ukubala bonyana mangaki amayunithi okubonisa ubudisi butjhiwe akhethiweko anobudisi obufana nezinto ezimediweko. Isibonelo irula inobudisi obufanako ubudisi butjhiwe ngamakhilogremu isib. namabhlogo ali-9. ngamakhilogremu isib. Amakhilogremu ama-2 Amakhilogremu ama-2 wereyisi nekhilogremu Abafundi kufanele bamede izinto ezihlukeneko basebenzisa izinto ezihlukeneko wereyisi nekhilogremu -1 yeflowuru njengamayunithi angakahleleki. -1 yeflowuru • Lapho kunesikala Abafundi kufanele bafundiswe ukutjho iyunithi lokha nabanikela ubudisi isib. Incwadi le • Bameda ubungako sangendlini inobudisi obufanako namamabula ama-34. babo basebenzisa yokuhlambela, Lokha abafundi nabamede ngenye nenye iyunithi iinkhathi ezimbalwa, kufanele balinganise isikali sangendlini abafundi bonyana ngiyiphi ezoba nobudisi obufana naleyo emedwako. Ukulinganisa ngaphambi yokuhlambela. bangazilinganisa kokumeda kuqakathekile, kodwana kungenziwa kuphela lokha abafundi nabamedile ubudisi babo ngaleyo yunithi. ngamakhilogremu Abafundi kufanele bafundiswe bonyana ukuze bamadanise ubudisi bezinto ezihlukeneko kusetjenziswa iyunithi efanako kufanele isetjenziswe. Isibonelo nangabe irula inobudisi bamabhlogo isikala. Kulindeleke ama-20 begodu iskere sinobudisi bamamabula ama-20, ngeze watjho bonyana zinobudisi bonyana abafundi bafunde kwaphela obufanako nofana obungafaniko, nofana ngikuphi okubudisi khulu. 281 inomboro eseduzana Ukurekhoda iimedo nekombabudisi Nanyana ukumeda kuyikghono lokwenziwako abafundi kufanele barekhode iimedo zabo ngaso soke isikhathi. ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 282 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-2 namaminithi ama -24) 4.3 Ukulinganisa Ukulinganisa Ukusebenza ngamakhilogremu Iimfundo ezi-3 Imasi/ okungakahlelelwa okungakahlelelwa Abafundi bangathoma ukungeniswa emakhilogremini ngokusebenza izinto ezithengiswako • Linganisa, meda, • Linganisa, meda, ezithengiswa ngamakhilogremu, lapha amakhilogremu azobe atlolwe khona esimumathini. Ubudisi madanisa, hlela madanisa, hlela Isibonelo abafundi bangamadanisa ubudisi bamapakana wezinto ezihlukeneko (njegereyisi, bewurekhode ubudisi bewurekhode ubudisi iswigiri, ipuphu, iflowuru nofana isibha sokuvasa) ezithengiswa ngenani lekhilogremu-1. kusetjhenziswa kusetjhenziswa Bangazibeka phezu kwesidzimelelo ukubona bonyana nanyana ubungako bempakana isikala sokudzimelela isikala sokudzimelela bungahluka, zinobudisi obupheze bufane. nezinto zokumeda nezinto zokumeda Abafundi banganikelwa imihlobohlobo yeempakana zezinto ezihlukeneko ukuzilandelanisa ezingakalinganiswa ezingakalinganiswa isib. nokusuka kwebudisi khulu ukuya kwelula khulu, lapho balandelanisa ngokuya ngobudisi isib. Amabhlogo, iintina Amabhlogo, iintina njll. obubhalwe empakaneni isib. Ireyisi ye-2kg, iswigiri ye1-kg, ipuphu ye-5kg, nestampa se-10kg. njll. Ukufunda isikali sangendlini yokuhlambela • Ukusebenzisa Lokha isikali sangendlini yokuhlambela nasikhona abafundi bangasisebenzisa ukufunda • Ukusebenzisa ilimi ukukhuluma ubudisi babo. ilimi ukukhuluma ngokumadanisa isib. Kunemihlobo emibili yobudisi bamamithara: kwedijithi ne-analogo. ngokumadanisa isib. Lula, kubudisi, kulula Iinkali zedijithali zilula ukufundwa ngombana ubudisi butlolwe ngeenomboro. Nawunesikali Lula, kubudisi, kulula khulu, kubudisi khulu sedijithali sangendlini yokuhlambela hlola bonyana sitjho ubungako ngamakhilogremu khulu, kubudisi khulu Ukwazisa/ ukwethula kuphela. Ezinye iinkali ungazitjintja godu ukubonisa amakhilogremu apheleleko. Ukwazisa/ukwethula ukulinganisa Nawungakghoni ukuhlela bonyana ibonise amakhilogremu apheleleko, fundisa abafundi ukulinganisa okuhlelekileko ukulisa iingcenye zamakhilogremu kwanje. ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 okuhlelekileko • Ukumadanisa, ukuhlela Iinkali ezinengi zangendlini yokuhlambela zinenomboro i-10kg inomboriwe, ngomuda • Ukumadanisa, ukuhlela nokurekhoda ubudisa omude okhomba ubujamo ba-5kg. Imida yekhilogremu eli-1 ayikavami ukuboniswa lokhu nokurekhoda ubudisa bezinto ezipakwe kuyafana ngendlela imida neenomboro ziraga ngakhona eruleni. bezinto ezipakwe ngokwerhwebo Abafundi abathome ngokubala ukubona bonyana kuneenkhala ezili-10 ngaphambi ngokwerhwebo okubonisa kwemaraga ye10kg, ukuze isikhala ngasinye sijamele ikhilogremu yi-1, umuda omude okubonisa ubudisi butjhiwe ujamele amakhilogremu ama-5kg. ubudisi butjhiwe ngamakhilogremu isib. Abafundi bangafunda iimedo zeenkali zamambala zangendlini yokuhlambela begodu ngamakhilogremu isib. Amakhilogremu ama-2 neenthombe zeenkali zangendlini yokuhlambela. Kulula ukufunda ubungako besithombe Amakhilogremu ama-2 wereyisi nekhilogremu sesikali sangendlini yokuhlambela kunasesikalini samambala. wereyisi nekhilogremu -1 yeflowuru Ukurekhoda iimedo -1 yeflowuru • Lapho kunesikala Nanyana ukumeda kuyikghono lokwenziwako abafundi kufanele barekhode iimedo zabo • Bameda ubungako sangendlini ngaso soke isikhathi. babo basebenzisa yokuhlambela, Ukumeda ubungako njengobujamo bokurarulula imiraro nokubalisia isikali sangendlini abafundi Ngesikhathi esabelwe Iinomboro, ama-Opharetjhini noBudlelwana abafundi bagararulula yokuhlambela. bangazilinganisa imiraro esebenzisa ubujamo obu: ubudisi babo iimedo zobude ezingakahleleki; ngamakhilogremu Isibonelo: Idastara inobudisi bamamabula ali-11. Ibhoksi lamakhrayoni linobudisi kusetjenziswa bamamabula abu-8. Zizoke zizokwenza ubudisi bamamabula amangaki? isikala. Kulindeleke • ukumeda ubungako ngamakhilogremu bonyana abafundi Isibonelo: UPuleka uthenge ipuphu yamakhilogremu ali-12kg, amakhilogremu ama- ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) bafunde kwaphela 5kg wetjhukela begodu namakhilogremu ama-2kg wereyisi. Izinto azithengileko zikala inomboro eseduzana kangangani nazizoke. nekombabudisi Yelela irherho leenomboro elilungele iThemu, begodu nemihlobohlobo yemiraro elungele iThemu.
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO CAPS : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-2 namaminithi ama -24) 4.4 Ukulinganisa Ukulandela imilayelo yokupheka, ukufaka nokubhaga, bujamo obuqakathekile lapho Umthamo / okungakahlelelwa abafundi bajayeza khona ukumeda. Khetha imilayelo yokupheka lapho iintlabagelo Ivolumu • Linganisa, meda, zinikelwa ngeenkopi, amathispuni nofana amayunithi angakahleleki. madanisa, hlela Ukufika nje lonyaka kuphakanyiswe bonyana abafundi banqophe uku: bewurekhode umthamo • thuthukisa ilimi lokukhuluma ngamavolumu ahlukeneko. ongeemumathini (o.u. • madanisa amavolumu ngemumathini ezimbili ezifanako, ubunengi isimumathi • madanisa amavolumu weemumathi ezimbili ezihlukeneko khulukhulu ezivulekileko esikghona ukubuthatha nezivalekile. nasizalisiweko) ngokusebenzisa • meda amavolomu nomthamo ngensetjenziswa ezingakahleleki namayunithi izinto zokumeda Ngesikhathi sokusebenza esizijameleko abafundi bangalinganisa, bamede, bamadanise, ezingakahleleki isib. bahlele begodu barekhode amavolomu nemithamo ngeensetjenziswa ezingakahleleki Iingobho neenkomitji. namayunithi womthamo angakahleleki. • Ukuhlathulula Ukupheka nokubhaga kuqakathekile ebujameni lapho abafundi bangazijayeza ukumeda umthamo wesimumathi umthamo. Khetha imilayelo yokupheka lapho iimedo zinikelwa ngeenkopi, amathispuni ngokubala begodu namanye amayunithi angakahleleki. nookutjho bonyana mayunithi amangaki Ukumeda umthamo njengobujamo bokurarulula imiraro nokubalisisa angakahleleki Ngesikhathi esabelwe Iinomboro, ama-Opharetjhini noBudlelwana abafundi bangararulula angazalisa imiraro esebenzisa ubujamo bokumeda obungakahleleki bomthamo/volomu isib. Ugogo isimumathi isib. usebenzisa iinkopi zebisi ezi-2 ukwenza iphudinghi. Nakabuyelela iimedo kabili ukwenza Ibhodlelo linomthamo iphudinghi, uzofuna ibisi elingangani? weenkomitji ezine. Ukwazisa ukulinganisa Yelela irherho leenomboro ezihlukahlukeneko elilungele iThemu, begodu nemihlobo okuhlelekileko ehlukeneko yemiraro. • Ukulinganisa, ukumeda, ukumadanisa, ukuhlela bewurekhode umthamo wezinto ngokumeda ngamalitha • Ukumadanisa, ukuhlela nokurekhoda umthamo wezinto ezipakwe ngokwerhwebo ukubonisa umthamo obutjhiwo ngamalitha isib. Amalitha ama-2 283 webisi, 1 ilitha yesiselo esimakhaza, amalitha ama-5 wepende ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
IGREYIDI YESI- 2 ITHEMU YESI- 2 5. UKUPHATHA IDATHA 284 UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-2 namaminithi ama -24) 5.4 Ukubuthelela nokuhlela Ukubuthelela idatha nokuhlela idatha • Buthelela idatha yetlasi nofana yesikolo ukuphendula imibuzo ibuzwe ngutitjhere • Hlela idatha ngamathali 5.5 Ukujamiselela idatha Ukujamiselela • Jamiselela idatha idatha yegrafu yeenthombe 5.6 Ukuhlaziya Hlaziya idatha kusuka Abafundi kufanele babenelemuko mazombe lokuphatha idatha eThemini yo-1, Isifundo si-1 bewurhumutjhe idatha ekujamiselelweni banganqopha ekuhlaziyeni ijamiselelo abanikelwe lona. ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 Ukuhlaziya bewurhumutjhe • Phendula imibuzo obunikelweko Kuphakamisiwe bonyana eThemini ye-2 abafundi bahlaziye (ngokuphendula imibuzo) idatha ngedatha esegrafini okungenani igrafu yinye yeenthombe. yeenthombe. Abafundi baphendula imibuzo leyo oyibuzako ngegrafu yesithombe isib. “Ngiliphi ihlelo likamabonwakude elidumileko khulu ngetlasini yethu?” “Ngiliphi ihlelo elithandwa idlanzana labafundi ngetlasini?” “Abafundi abanengi bathanda.......nofana ...............? “Bangaki abanye abafundi abakhetha ....... kune ........? ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
IGREYIDI YESI-2 ITHEMU YESI-3 1. IINOMBORO, AMA-OPHARETJHINI NOBUDLELWANA CAPS UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-3 namaminithi ama -24) 1.1 Ukubala izinto Ukubala izinto Ngikuphi okuhlukileko eThemini yesi-2? Ukubala eziphathekako eziphathekako NgeThemu yesi-2 irherho leenomboro selandisiwe begodu abafundi kwanjesi babala izinto izinto • Linganisa bewubale • Linganisa bewubale ezi-180. ngokuthembeka ngokuthembeka Ukubala izinto ngeThemu leli kuragela phambili nokulekelela: ukufika ema-200 ukufika ema-180 • amakghono wokubala atlhogekako ukuze uzwisise ubukhulu bedijithi ngamalanga. ngamalanga. • ukubala okungakahlelwa • Amaqhinga • Nikela ukulinganisa wokubuthelela ngokuzwakalako • ukutjho amagama weenomboro ayakhuthazwa. izinto ezingahlolwa • ukubona amatshwayo weenomboro, ngokubala • amakghono wokubala atlogekako wokubala Umnqopho usese sekubaleni ngesiqhema kusetjenziswa imihlobohlobo yama-apharathasi angakahleleki nofana ama-apharathasi ahlelelwe ngaphambili. Kulisizo ukusebenzisa amanye wama-apharathasi nakwenziwa ubukhulu bedijithi. Isibonelo: Abafundi bangasebenzisa isisekelo samabhlogo alitjhumi ukubala ngamatjhumi abe atjengise iinqhema zangali-10. Imibuzo elisizo engabuzwa abafundi nababala izinto ngile: • Wazi bunjani bonyana uyibalile inomboro leyo? • Ungayihlola bunjani ipendulo yakho? 285 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 286 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-3 namaminithi ama -24) 1.2 Ukubala uye phambili Ukubala uye phambili Ngikuphi okuhlukileko kune Themu yesi-2? nemuva nga: nemuva nga: Ukubala uye Irherho leenomboro ngeThemu yesi-3 iyakhula kusuka e-150 ukuya 180 • Ku-1 ukusuka kwenye • Ku-1 ukusuka kwenye phambili nenye inomboro nenye inomboro Nowenza ukubala okungakahlelwa nofana ukubala ngomlomo kuqakathekile bonyana nemuva hlangana ne-0 na-200 hlangana ne-0 ne-180 kunqophiswe, abafundi eenomborweni abazibalako. • Li-10 ukusuka kesinye • Li-10 ukusuka kesinye Isibonelo: Lokha nasibala ngakubili ukusuka e-120 ukufika e-140 sizokuyibala inomboro nesinye isibuyabuyelelo nesinye isibuyabuyelelo i-121 na? Kungani singayibali? se-10 hlangana ne-0 se-10 hlangana ne-0 na-200 ne-180 Kusaqakathekile bonyana inambalayini negridi yeenomboro ye-100 kusetjenziswe ukubona • Ku-5 ukusuka kesinye • Ku-5 ukusuka kesinye bonyana amagama abawasebenzisako ahlangana nesakhiwo nehlelo leenomboro. nesinye isibuyabuyelelo nesinye isibuyabuyelelo Qala amanothi weThemu yesi- 2. saka ku-5 hlangana ne- saka ku-5 hlangana 0 na-200 ne-0 ne-180 • Ku-2 ukusuka kesinye • Ku-2 ukusuka kesinye nesinye isibuyabuyelelo nesinye isibuyabuyelelo saka ku- 2 hlangana ne- saka ku- 2 hlangana ne- 0 na-200 0 ne-180 • Ku-3 ukusuka kesinye • Ku-3 ukusuka kesinye nesinye isibuyabuyelelo nesinye isibuyabuyelelo saka ku-3 hlangana ne- saka ku-3 hlangana ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 0 na-200 ne-0 ne-180 • Ku- 4 ukusuka kesinye • Ku- 4 ukusuka kesinye nesinye isibuyabuyelelo nesinye isibuyabuyelelo saka ku-4 hlangana saka ku-4 hlangana ne- ne-0 na- 0 ne-180 UKUJAMISELELA IINOMBORO EZIPHELELEKO 1.3 Ukukhumbula, ukubona Ukukhumbula, ukubona Ngikuphi okuhlukileko kune Themu yesi-2? nokufunda iinomboro nokufunda iinomboro Amat- Irherho leenomboro lo: • Ukwazi nokufunda nokufunda iinomboro shwayo amatshwayo • Ukwazi nokufunda Ukwazi, ukufunda nokutlola amatshwayo weenomboro ziyakhula ukuya e-180 begodu weenom- wenomboro kusukela amatshwayo Ukwazi, ukufunda nokutlola ukufika e-75. boro ku- 0 ukufika ku-200 wenomboro kusukela namagama • Ukutlola amatshwayo ku- 0 ukufika ku-180 weenom- weenomboro • Ukutlola amatshwayo Abafundi kufanele bakghone ukubona iinomboro bebathome ukuhlathulula umahluko boro ukusukela ku -0 ukufika weenomboro ngamagama okungewabo. ku-200 ukusukela ku -0 ukufika Isibonelo: bafanele baqale amakarada weenomboro alandelako begodu bakghone nokutjho • Ukwazi nokufunda ku 180 umehluko phakathi kwananyana ngiziphi izinto ezimbili. amabizo wenomboro • Ukwazi nokufunda kusuka e-0 ukufika-100 amabizo wenomboro ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)   16 11 16 13 16 • Ukutlola amabizo kusuka e-0 ukufika-75 wenomboro kusukela • Ukutlola amabizo e- 0 ukufika ku-100 wenomboro kusukela Qala amanothi weThemu yesi-2 e- 0 ukufika ku-75
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-3 namaminithi CAPS ama -24) 1.4 Ukuhlela Ukuhlela Ngikuphi okuhlukileko kuneThemu yesi-2? Ukuhlathu- nokumadanisa nokumadanisa Ethemeni leli abafundi bahlela bebamadanise ukufika e-75 lula, uku- iinomboro kufika e- 99 iinomboro kufika Kuze kube nje abafundi bebasoloku bamadanisa begodu bahlela iinomboro ukuze madanisa, • Ukuhlela iinomboro iinomboro kufika e- 75 kuthuthukiswe umuzwa wobukhulu beenomboro ngobudlelwana bazo. Imibuzo ephathelene nokuhlela ezipheleleko. Kusukela • Ukuhlela iinomboro neenomboro kufanele ikhethwe ngokuyelela ukulekelela abafundi bonyana bathuthukise iinomboro kencani khulu kufikela ezipheleleko. Kusukela amakghono wokucabanga asezingeni eliphezulu ngobujamo benomboro. Abafundi badinga kekulu khulu begodu kencani khulu kufikela ukuphoselwa iselele ngemihlobo yemibuzo ebuzwako. kusukela kekulu khulu kekulu khulu begodu Begodu lekelela abafundi ukuthuthukanisa ilimi lokuhlathulula ukucabanga kwabo. kuya kencani khulu kusukela kekulu khulu kuya kencani khulu Iimbonelo zemibuzo ingafaka hlangana : • Ukumadanisa iinomboro kufika e- • Ukumadanisa • Nginikela inomboro ephakathi kwa-50 na-60. Ingabe inomboro leyo iseduzane kwa-50 99 ngokusebenzisa iinomboro kufika e- nofana ama-60? Hlathulula ipendulo yakho ngokusebenzisa inambalayini. ngokunengi khulu, 99 ngokusebenzisa • Abafundi bafanele bafundiswe bonyana bangacabanga bunjani ngokuhlela iinomboro. ngokuncani khulu, ngokunengi khulu, Abafundi bahlathulule bonyana kungani i-15 lincani kunama-50. Iinhlathululo okunengi kuna, ngokuncani khulu, zingalekelelwa ngokusebenzisa ama-apharathasi aphathekako. Ekupheleni kweThemu okuncani kuna, okunengi kuna, bafanele, isibonelo: okulinganako. okuncani kuna, Bazi bonyana ngiziphi iinomboro ezincani kunama-50, ezinengi kuna-50, begodu Sebenzisa okulinganako. • Bakwazi ukutjengisa ubujamo bazo iinomboro ema-30, 40, njll, ngokusebenzisa igridi iinomborosikhundla Ukusebenzisa yeenomboro ukutjengisa iinomboro eziodinali • Kunokubanyana njalo unikele abafundi imitjho yeenomboro kobana bayiqedelele, ukulandelana ,indawo ukutjengisa ngesinye isikhathi babawe bonyana bazenzele yabo imitjho yeenomboro, ukubonisa namkha ubujamo ukuhlela,indawo nofana ukuhlobana kobukhulu beenomboro. Beka izinto emudeni indawo Isibonelo: ngokulandelana kusukela Beka izinto emudeni keyokuthoma ukufika kusukela keyokuthoma Ukwenza imitjho elandelako ibe liqiniso: keyamatjhumi namkha ukuya keyesitjhumi •  nengi kuna nga-1 keyokuthoma ukuya nofana keyokuthoma •  ncani kuna nga-1 keyokugcina, Isib. ukuya keyokugcina Yokuthoma, yesibili, isib.kokuthoma, •  nengi kuna nge-10 yesithathu, ematjhumini kwesibili, kwesithathu ... •  ncani kuna nge-10 amabili keyetjhumi. Qala amanothi weThemu yesi-2 287 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 288 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-3 namaminithi ama -24) 1.5 Thoma ukulemuka Thoma ukulemuka Ngikuphi okuhlukileko kune Themu yesi-2? Ubukhulu ubukhulu bedijithi ubukhulu bedijithi NgeThemu leli abafundi baragela phambili nokuthuthukisa ukuzwisisa kwabo imiqondo bedijithi okungenani iinomboro okungenani iinomboro yobukhulu bedijithi ukufika e-75. zamadijithi ama-2 zamadijithi ama-2 NgeThemu leli abafundi baragela phambili uku: ukufika ema-99 ukufika ema-75 • babala bebabuthelele ukutjengisa amatjhumi nangakunye ngeendlela ezihlukenekkko; • Ukwazi bonyana idijithi • Ukwazi bonyana idijithi ngayinye ijameleni ngayinye ijameleni • Babala ama-apharathasi abuthelelwe ngaphambili/ukuhlelwa okungaphambili; • Ukuphula iinomboro • Ukuphula iinomboro • Ukusebenzisa amakarada wobukhulu bedijithi ukubonisa inani elibuthelelweko zamadijithi amabili zamadijithi amabili bezabalwa, begodu ukufika e-99 ukuya ukuya ngamatjhumi • Tjengisa ukuhlela okuhlukeneko beenomboro. Isibonelo ama-35 ezikhamba ngakunye, ngamatjhumi nangakunye amatjhumi a-3 nokuhlukeneko oku-5 begodu neenqhema ezimbili zamatjhumi begodu nangakunye • Bona bewutjho ne-15 yokukhamba ngakhunye. • Bona bewutjho ubukhulu bedijithi Umsebenzi ongehla esikhathini esinengi wenziwa eenqhemeni ezinqophiweko begodu ubukhulu bedijithi ngayinye ngesikhathi sokuzijamela abafundi bakghone ukurekhoda okulandelako: ngayinye 68 = iinqhema ezi-6 zetjhumi nemivo -8 68 = ama-60 na 8 Lokhu kungasekelwa ngokusebenzisa amafladi karada nofana amakarada wobukhulu ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 bedijithi. Abafundi bafanele baphendule imibuzo neenlayelo ezifana no: • Ngiyiphi inomboro efana nama-50 ne-7? • Ngitjengisa ama-75 ngokusebenzisa amakarada wobukhulu bedijithi. • Ngitjengisa ama-75 ku-abhakhasi • Ngitjengisa ama-75 ngokusenzisa ibhlogo le-base ten • Ngitjengisa ama-75 ngokusebenzisa amakhyubhu we unifix • Ngitjengisa ama-75 ngokusebenzisa imincamo esentanjeni • Bala iingojwana zomlilo ezima-70 ngokusebenzisa iinyanda za-10, uthole iinyanda za-10 ezingaki Ukurekhoda ngencwadini yokusebenzela iragela phambili ngesikhathi sokuzijamela. ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-3 namaminithi CAPS ama -24) UKURARULULA IMIRARO ESEBUJAMENI 1.6 Sebenzisa amathekhiniki Sebenzisa amathekhiniki Abafundi balindeleke bonyana basombulule imiraro yamagama ngokusebenzisa Amathek- alandelako nawurarulula alandelako nawurarulula amathekhiniki: hiniki wok- imiraro uhlathulule imiraro uhlathulule • Imigwalo nofana ama-apharathasi aphathekako isib. Izinto zokubala urarulula neensombululo zemiraro: neensombululo zemiraro: • Ukwakha nokuphula iinomboro imiraro • Ama-apharethasi • Ama-apharethasi • Ukubuyelela kabili nokuhlukanisa phakathi aphathekako isib. izinto aphathekako isib. izinto zokubala zokubala • inambalayini • Ukwakha nokuphula • Ukwakha nokuphula Qala amanothi weThemu yesi-2 iinomboro iinomboro • Ukubuyelela • Ukubuyelela nokuhafula phakathi nokuhafula phakathi • Amanambalayini • Amanambalayini 1.7 Rarulula imiraro Rarulula imiraro Ngikuphi okuhlukileko eThemini yesi-2? Ukuh- yamagama yamagama Abafundi baragela phambili ngokusebenza ngemihlobo ehlukeneko yemiraro yamagama langanisa, ezisebujameni ezisebujameni okulinganiswe esahlukweni 2 kodwana irherho leenomboro likhuliselwe e-75 bewuhlathulule bewuhlathulule nokukhupha Qala amanothi weThemu yesi-2 iinsombululo zakho iinsombululo zakho zemiraro ezifaka zemiraro ezifaka ukuhlanganisa ukuhlanganisa nokukhupha nempendulo nokukhupha nempendulo ukufika e-99. ukufika e-75. 1.8 Rarulula imiraro Rarulula imiraro Ngikuphi okuhlukileko eThemini yesi-2? Ukuh- yamagama yamagama Abafundi baragela phambili ngokusebenza ngemihlobo ehlukeneko yemiraro yamagama langanisa ezisebujameni ezisebujameni okulinganiswe esahlukweni 2 kodwana irherho leenomboro likhuliselwe e -40 okubuyele- bewuhlathulule bewuhlathulule Qala amanothi weThemu yesi-2 lweko iinsombululo zakho iinsombululo zakho kurholela zemiraro, ezifaka zemiraro, ezifaka ekubuy- ukuhlanganisa ukuhlanganisa abuyeleleni okubuyelelweko okubuyelelweko okurholela okurholela ekubuyabuyeleleni ekubuyabuyeleleni okunempendulo ufikela okunempendulo ufikela e-50 e-40 289 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 290 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-3 namaminithi ama -24) 1.9 Ukurarulula Ukurarulula NgeThemu leli abafundi baragela phambili nokusebenzisa imigwalo nama-apharathasi Ukubuthele- imiraro yamagama imiraro yamagama aphathekako ukubonisa iinsombuluso zabo. Imitjho yeenomboro ifanele isetjenziswe la nok- ezisebujameni ezisebujameni abafundi bazokusebenzisa ukukhupha okubuyelelwe ukubonisa bonyana bafike bunjani wabelana bewuhlathulule bewuhlathulule empendulweni. okurholela iinsombululo zakho iinsombululo zakho Qala amanothi weThemu yesi-2 ekuhlu- ufake ukwabelana ufake ukwabelana kaniseni ngokulingana ngokulingana nokubuthelela nokubuthelela ngeenqhema ngeenqhema kweenomboro kweenomboro ezipheleleko ukufika ezipheleleko ukufika e-50 kanye nempendulo e-40 kanye nempendulo ezingahle zifaka iinsalela ezingahle zifaka iinsalela 1.10 Ukurarulula Ukurarulula Umnqopho wemiraro yamafrakhtjhini wamagama ethemeni leli iragela phambili nokuvumela Ukwabelana bewuhlathulule bewuhlathulule abafundi uku: okurholela iinsombululo zemiraro iinsombululo zemiraro • kwaba nokubuthelela izinto ngokulinganako; emafrak- ezisebujameni efaka ezisebujameni efaka • kutjho amagama weengcezu zamafrakhtjhini; ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 tjhinini hlangana ukwabelana hlangana ukwabelana ngokulingana erholela ngokulingana erholela • ukubona bonyana ifrakhtjhini liyingcenye yokupheleleko, empendulweni empendulweni • kutlola amafrakhtjhini njengengcenye yokuthathu; begodu zamafraktjhini wohlavu zamafraktjhini wohlavu • ukuthola iingcenye zezinto ezipheleleko; 1 1 1 olulodwa Isib. 12 , 14 , 15 njll olulodwa Isib. 2 , 4 , 5 njll. NgeThemu leli abafundi batjho okuthathu nokuhlanu. Kuqakathekile bonyana abafundi bavezelwe epepeneneni amafrakhtjhini ngaphandle kwengcenye eyodwa nekota eyodwa. Iimbonelo zemiraro engenziwa ngeThemu leli: • Abangani abali-7 babelana zamaswidi ngokulinganako, Gwala isithombe ubonise ipendulo yakho, madanisa ipendulo yakho, naleyo yomngani wakho. • Abangani ababunani babelana iingojwana zamaswidi ezi-9 ngokulinganako. Gwala UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : iinthombe ukubonisa AMANYE ipendulo yakho. AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA IINHLOKO (eemfundweni : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU Qala amanothi weThemu yesi-2 YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-3 namaminithi ama -24) 1.11 • Khumbula bewufanise • Khumbula bewufanise Iimbonelo zemiraro ezingenziwa: Imali imali eziinhlavu imali eziinhlavu • Abafundi aba-35 notitjhere 0-1 baya evakatjhweni lesikolo esiqiwini seembandana. zeSewula Afrika : (5c, zeSewula Afrika : (5c, Isikolo sibhadela R1.20 umfundi ngamunye yokungena esiqiwini seembandanda. Yimalini ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) 10c, 20, 50c, R1, R2; 10c, 20, 50c, R1, R2; okufanele ibhadalwe? R5) kunye nemali R5) kunye nemali • UMahewu uthengela umndeni wakhe amapani amabili woburotho ngamalanga. Ipani yemaphepha (R10, yemaphepha (R10, eyodwa yoburotho Ibiza R4, 99. Usebenzisa yimalini ngamalanga ama-5? R20, R50). R20, R50). Qala amanothi weThemu yesi-2 • Sombulula imiraro efaka • Sombulula imiraro efaka hlangana amanani hlangana amanani wemali netjhentjii yama wemali netjhentjii yama R99 neyamasende R75 neyamasende ukufika e-90c ukufika e-75c
R99 neyamasende R75 neyamasende ukufika e-90c ukufika e-75c UKUBALA OKUSEBUJAMENI OBUTJHAPHULUKILEKO 1.12 Sebenzisa amathekhiniki Sebenzisa amathekhiniki Abafundi balindeleke ukusombulula ukubala ebujameni obutjhaphulukileko ngokusebenzisa Amathekh- alandelayo nawubalako alandelayo nawubalako amathekhiniki alandelako: iniki • Ama-apharethasi • Ama-apharethasi • Ukwakha bewuphadhle iinomboro (iindlela aphathekako aphathekako • Ukubuyelela nokuhafula phakathi CAPS namaqh- njengezinto zokubala njengezinto zokubala • Amanambalayini inga) • Ukwakha bewuphadhle • Ukwakha bewuphadhle Qala amanothi weThemu yesi-2 iinomboro iinomboro • Ukubuyelela • Ukubuyelela nokuhafula phakathi nokuhafula phakathi • Amanambalayini • Amanambalayini 291 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 292 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-3 namaminithi ama -24) 1.13 • Hlanganisa ukufika • Hlanganisa ukufika Qala amanothi weThemu yesi-2 Ukuh- e-99 e-75 Abafundi baragela phambili nokuphula iinomboro begodu babe nokuzethemba emaqhingeni langanisa • Khupha ukufika e- 99 • Khupha ukufika e- 75 wokurekhoda. nokukhupha • Sebenzisa • Sebenzisa Iindlela ezingakatjenziswa ukutjengisa ukubala ngokuhlanganisa nokukhupha: amatshwayo afaneleko amatshwayo afaneleko Ukuphula inomboro ibe ziingcenye ezincani ukwenza ukubala kubelula. • Ukuphrakhthisa • Ukuphrakhthisa Ukusebenzisa ilwazi lobukhulu bedijithi ukuphula iinomboro zibe matjhumi ukulumbana ukulumbana namayunithi/ngakunye kwenomboro ukufika kwenomboro ukufika Ukuhlanganisa iinomboro ezinamadijithi amabili ngokuphula iinomboro zombili e-20 e-20 33 + 36 =  33 + 36 = (30 + 3) + (30 + 6) = (30 + 30) + (3 + 6) = 60 + 9 = 69 Ukuhlanganisa ngokuphula inomboro yinye 33 + 36 =  ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 33 + (30 + 6) 33 + 30 ➝ 63 + 6 = 69 Abafundi bangahle baphule inomboro ngendlela ephathekako. Lokhu kutjho bonyana bazokwenza ngeendlela ezihlukeneko. 33 + 36 =  33 + (10 + 10 + 10 + 6) 33 + 10 ➝ 43 + 10 ➝ 53 + 10 ➝ 63 + 6 = 69 Ukukhupha Ukukhupha iinomboro zombili 75 – 54 =  75 – 54 = (70 + 7) – (50 + 4) = (70 – 50) + (7 – 4) = 20 + 3 = 23 Ukukhupha ngokuphula inomboro yinye ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) 75 – 54 =  75 – (50 + 4) 75 – 50 ➝ 27 – 4 = 23
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-3 namaminithi CAPS ama -24) 1.13 • Hlanganisa ukufika • Hlanganisa ukufika Lindela bonyana abafundi bangahle baphule iinomboro ngeendlela ezihlukeneko ukwenza Ukuh- e-99 e-75 lula: langanisa • Khupha ukufika e- 99 • Khupha ukufika e- 75 75- 54 =  nokukhupha • Sebenzisa • Sebenzisa 75- (20 + 20 + 10 + 6) amatshwayo afaneleko amatshwayo afaneleko 75- 20 ➝ 57 – 20 ➝ 37- 10 ➝ 27- 4 = 23 • Ukuphrakhthisa • Ukuphrakhthisa Ukusebenzisa ukuhlukanisa phakathi ukuphula inomboro ukulumbana ukulumbana 59 + 12 kwenomboro ukufika kwenomboro ukufika 59 + (6 + 6) e-20 e-20 59 + 6 ➝ 65 + 6 = 71 Ukusebenzisa ilwazi elidlulileko njengethekhniki Amathekhiniki atjengiswe ngenzasi kuvumela abafundi bonyana benze ngokomthetho ukubala kwabo nomqondonomboro. Ukuzijayeza amathekhiniki angenzasi azakugqugquzela abafundi ukubona ubudlelwana obuphakathi kweenomboro begodu kufundisa abafundi bonyana basebenzise ulwazi labo ukubasiza bonyana babale. Ukubala uye phambili nemuva: 68 – 59 = → Ukubala uye phambili ngakunye ukusuka ema-59 kuliqhinga elifaneleko ngombana iinomboro ziseduzana kwenye nenye. Ukubona ukubuyelela kabili okuseduze 34 + 35 hlathulula bonyana kubuyelela kabili ama-34 uhlanganise na-1 nofana buyelela kabili ama-35 ukhiphe 1. 34 + 34 + 1 Abafundi bangahle barekhode amaqhinga wabo ngokusebenzisa abonotjhobi. 34 + (30 + 4) + 1 34 + 30 ➝ 64 + 4 ➝ 68 + 1 = 69 Ukutjhugulula inomboro ibe sibuyabuyelelo setjhumi begodu ukhuphe nofana uhlanganise okukodwa. Ukubala uye phambili nofana uye phasi ekutjhidezeni e-10 58 + 19 =  Lapha abafundi bafanele bathi kibo ngokwabo babenemandla wokuzikhethela amabili. Ukutjhugulula ama-58 nofana i-19 ekutjhideleni okuseduze kwesibuyabuyelelo ze-10. banokuzikhethela Isibalo singatlolwa ngalendlela le 58 + 19 = 58 + 20 - 1 58 + 20 ➝ 78 – 1 = 77 293 Abanye babafundi bangaphula ama-20 kube ziinqhema ezi-2 ze -10 ukubala ngokunembako. ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 294 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-3 namaminithi ama -24) 1.14 • Buyabuyelela • Buyabuyelela Ngikuphi okuhlukileko kune Themu yesi-2? Ukuh- iinomboro kusuka ku-1 iinomboro kusuka ku-1 NgeThemu leli abafundi bahlala bazijayeza ukuzwisisa kwabo kokubuyabuyelela kwegreyidi langanisa kufika e-10 ngo 1, 2, 5, kufika e-10 ngo 2, 5, kokuthoma. okubuyele- 3 begodu nge-4 begodu nge-4 Baragela phambili noku: lweko • Sebenzisa • Sebenzisa • Rekhoda ngendlela elandelako: kurholela amatshwayo afaneleko amatshwayo afaneleko ekubuy- ( +, -, =, ) ( +, -, =, ) Isiqhema esi- 1 saku-2 zi -2 nofana 1 buyelela 2 ngu 2 nofana 1 x 2 = 2 abuyeleleni Iinqhema ezi-2 zaku-2 zi-4 nofana 2 buyelela 2 ngu 4 nofana 2 x 2 = 4 Iinqhema ezi-3 zaku-2 zi-6 nofana 3 buyelela 2 ngu 6 nofana 3 x 2 = 6 NgeThemu leli abafundi bathoma ngokubuyelela nga-4, ngokubuyelela nga-2 ne kuragela phambili nokuzijayeza Imifanekiso ebuyabuyelelweko iragela phambili nokurhekhoda okunengi kufanele kwenziwe emisetjenzaneni yetlasini. Ukuzwisisa kungenziwa ngokuhlanganiswa encwadini zokusebenzela. Inambalayini, itjhadi naneko namathebula zingasethenziswa ukwakha ukuzwisisa kombalo. Abafundi bafanele banikelwe imitjho yeenomboro bonyana bayiqedelele efana na: ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 6x2= 5x7= 4x6= Abafundi bafanele basebenzise igridi yokubuyabuyelela ukuthola iimpendulo. Lokhu kuzobasiza bonyana bafunde begodu bazwisise ithebula bazi ngokupheleleko amaphuzu wamambala wokubuyabuyelela. × 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 4 4 8 12 14 20 24 28 32 26 40 5 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-3 namaminithi CAPS ama -24) 1.16 Umnqopho Umnqopho Iimbonelo zemibuzo engabuzwa: Iimbalo wenomboro: irherho wenomboro: irherho Umqondo wenomboro: zehloko 99 75 Amagama weenomboro namatshwayo • Hlela isethi enikelweko • Hlela isethi enikelweko leenomboro leenomboro Ukuphakisa ikarada nofana ukutlola igama lenomboro. Khetha umfundi bonyana atlole ezikhethiweko ezikhethiweko inumerali elimetjhako. • Madanisa iinomboro • Madanisa iinomboro Okunengi nofana okuncani ema-99 bewutjho ema- 75 bewutjho khuyini bonyana ngiyiphi bonyana ngiyiphi enengi nofana encani enengi nofana encani • Okuncani e-45 nga-1 nga-1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ne-10 nga-1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ne-10 • Okunengi e-69 nga-1 Ukukhumbula Ukukhumbula • Okuncani ku-36 nga-5 masinyana: masinyana: • Okunengi e-30 nga-10 • Ukukhumbula • Ukukhumbula amaphuzu amaphuzu Ngiliphi iledere lesi-5 lama alfabethi? wokuhlanganisa wokuhlanganisa Ngiyiphi inyanga ye-9 yonyaka? nowokukhupha kufika nowokukhupha kufika e- 20 e- 15 Ukuhlela nokumadanisa • Hlanganisa nofana • Hlanganisa nofana Ngiyiphi enokunengi: 21 nofana 171? ukhuphe imbuyeleli ukhuphe imbuyeleli Nginikela inomboro ehlangana ne-154 ne 159. ze-10 kusuka e-0 kuya ze-10 kusuka e-0 kuya Amaphuzu aliqiniso ngokuhlanganisa nokukhupha: e-100 e-50 • Ukwazi ngenhliziyo koke ukuhlanganisa nokukhupha iinomboro zebhodi ukufika e-20 Amaqhinga wokubala Amaqhinga wokubala Ukusebenzisa Ukusebenzisa  +  = 20 amaqhinga wokubala amaqhinga wokubala  +  = 16 ukuhlanganisa ukuhlanganisa 18 =  -  nokukhupha ngekghono nokukhupha ngekghono elifaneleko: elifaneleko: Amaphuzu aliqiniso ngokuhlanganisa nokukhupha kufika e-15 • Beka inomboro ekulu • Beka inomboro ekulu Isibonelo maqangi ukuze ubale maqangi ukuze ubale 1 + 14 = 15 14 + 1 = 15 uye phambili nofana uye phambili nofana ubale uye emuva ubale uye emuva 2 + 13 = 12 13 + 2 = 15 • Inambalayini. • Inambalayini. 3 + 12 = 15 3 + 12 = 15 • Ukubuyelela kabili • Ukubuyelela kabili 15 – 4 = 11 15 – 11 = 4 nokuhafulaphakathi nokuhafulaphakathi 15 – 5 = 10 15 – 10 = 5 • Ukwakha nokuphhula • Ukwakha nokuphhula 15 – 6 = 9 15 – 9 = 6 • Sebenzisa • Sebenzisa ubudlelwano phakathi ubudlelwano phakathi 295 kokuhlanganisa kokuhlanganisa nokukhupha nokukhupha ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 296 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-3 namaminithi ama -24) 1.16 Umnqopho Umnqopho Ukukhumbula ngokurhabako ukuhlanganisa ukubuyelela kabili ukufika -15. Iimbalo wenomboro: irherho wenomboro: irherho • 1+1=2 zehloko 99 75 • 2+2=4 • Hlela isethi enikelweko • Hlela isethi enikelweko leenomboro leenomboro • 3+3=6 ezikhethiweko ezikhethiweko • 4+4=8 • Madanisa iinomboro • Madanisa iinomboro • 5 + 5 = 10 ema-99 bewutjho ema- 75 bewutjho bonyana ngiyiphi bonyana ngiyiphi • 6 + 6 = 12 enengi nofana encani enengi nofana encani 7 + 7 + 14 nga-1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ne-10 nga-1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ne-10 Ngitjengisa inomboro okufanele uyihlanganise nalezi ezilandelako ukwenza i-15 (ngokutlola Ukukhumbula Ukukhumbula nofana kusetjenziswe ubukhulu bedijithi namkha amakarada wefladi) masinyana: masinyana: • 8 • Ukukhumbula • Ukukhumbula amaphuzu amaphuzu • 2 wokuhlanganisa wokuhlanganisa • 9 nowokukhupha kufika nowokukhupha kufika Ngitjengise inomboro ezokusala nange u_________akhitjhwa e-15 (ngokutlola nofana e- 20 e- 15 kusetjenziswe ubukhulu bedijithi namkha amakarada wefladi) ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 • Hlanganisa nofana • Hlanganisa nofana ukhuphe imbuyeleli ukhuphe imbuyeleli • 5 ze-10 kusuka e-0 kuya ze-10 kusuka e-0 kuya • 13 e-100 e-50 • 0 Amaqhinga wokubala Amaqhinga wokubala Amaqhinga wokubala: Ukusebenzisa Ukusebenzisa Qala amanothi weThemu yesi-2 amaqhinga wokubala amaqhinga wokubala ukuhlanganisa ukuhlanganisa nokukhupha ngekghono nokukhupha ngekghono elifaneleko: elifaneleko: • Beka inomboro ekulu • Beka inomboro ekulu maqangi ukuze ubale maqangi ukuze ubale uye phambili nofana uye phambili nofana ubale uye emuva ubale uye emuva • Inambalayini. • Inambalayini. • Ukubuyelela kabili • Ukubuyelela kabili nokuhafulaphakathi nokuhafulaphakathi • Ukwakha nokuphhula • Ukwakha nokuphhula ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) • Sebenzisa • Sebenzisa ubudlelwano phakathi ubudlelwano phakathi kokuhlanganisa kokuhlanganisa nokukhupha nokukhupha
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-3 namaminithi CAPS ama -24) 1.17 • Sebenzisa begodu • Sebenzisa begodu Ngikuphi okuhlukileko kune Themu yesi -2? Amafrak- utjho amafraktjhini utjho amafraktjhini NgeThemu leli ukutjheja kwabafundi kunqotjhiswe ekubeni amagama wamafraktjhini tjhini afaka hlangana afaka hlangana ahlanganiswa bunjani nenomboro yeengcenye ezilinganako zalokho okuzeleko amahafu, ikotara, amahafu, ikotara, zihlukaniswe ngayo. Imihlobohlobo ehlukeneko yamadayagremu ingasetjenziswa ukwakha kobunani, kobuthathu, kobunani, kobuthathu, ukuzwisisa okuya phambili. kwesithandathu, kwesithandathu, Isibonelo: kwesihlanu kwesihlanu • Ukukhumbula • Ukukhumbula   amafraktjhini amafraktjhini asebujameni asebujameni bedayagremu bedayagremu • Tlola amafraktjhini • Tlola amafraktjhini Imihlobo yemibuzo elandelako ingabuzwa: njenge ingcenye njenge ingcenye Kuneengcezu ezilinganako ezingaki? eyodwa, izingcezu eyodwa, izingcezu Siyibizani ingcezu elilodwa? ezimbili zobuthathu ezimbili zobuthathu Kuneengcezu ezilinganako ezingaki? Siyibizani ingcezu elilodwa? Kuneengcezu ezilinganako ezingaki? Siyibizani ingcezu eyodwa? Imihlobo le yemisetjenzana igqugquzela: • Ukwazi bonyana amafraktjhini ayiingcenye ezilinganako; • Ukubona iingcenye zamafrakhtjhini; begodu • Ukutjho iingcenye zamafraktjhini Ukutlola Abafundi abaziswa ukutlola amatshwayo wamafraktjhini. Abafundi bafunda bonyana bangalebula bunjani iingcenye zamafrakhtjhini njenge kota yi-1, isihlanu si-1. 297 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
IGREYIDI YESI-2 ITHEMU YESI-3 298 2. AMAPHETHENI, AMAFANKTJHINI NE-ALJIBHRA UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-3 namaminithi ama -24) 2.1 Ukukopa , ungezelele Ukukopa , ungezelele Ragela phambili unikele abafundi irherho elifanako lamaphetheni eThemini yesi-2. Qala Isifundo esi-1 Amapheth- bewuhlathulule bewuhlathulule amanothi weThemu yesi-2 eni weJi- Ukukopa ,ungezelele Ukukopa ,ungezelele Vumela abafundi bathome ngokukopa, bangezelele ekugcineni bahlathulule amaphetheni. yomethri bewuhlathulule bewuhlathulule Ngalesisikhathi kufanele bazi ukuhlathulula amaphetheni ngaphandle kosizo lwemibuzo ngamagama ngamagama ebakhokhelako. Ragela phambili unqophise ekuthuthukiseni ilimi abalithlogako • Amaphetheni alula • Amaphetheni alula ukuhlathulula amaphetheni enziwe ngezinto enziwe ngezinto eziphathekako eziphathekako • Amaphetheni alula • Amaphetheni alula enziwe ngemigwalo enziwe ngemigwalo yemida, ubujamo yemida, ubujamo nafana izinto. nafana izinto. ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 Tlama amaphetheni Tlama amaphetheni wakho wakho Yenza amaphetheni Yenza amaphetheni weJiyomethri weJiyomethri • Ngezinto • Ngezinto eziphathekako eziphathekako • Ngokugwala imida, • Ngokugwala imida, ubujamo nofana izinto ubujamo nofana izinto Amaphetheni asizombelezileko Ukubona, ukuhlathulula ngamagama nokukopa amaphetheni weJiyomethri • Ngokwemvelo, • Kusukela epilweni yangamalanga ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) yesimodeni, • Kusukela kezamagugu nendabuko yethu.
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu namaminithi CAPS ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-3 ama -24) 2.2 Ukukopa, ukungezelela Ukukopa, ukungezelele Qala amanothi weThemu yoku-1, kodwana ungezelele irherho leenomboro kuya e-180 Iimfundo ezi-3 Amaphe- nokuhlathulula nokuhlathulula theni Ukukopa, ukungezelele Ukukopa, ukungezelele weenom- nokuhlathulula nokuhlathulula boro ukulandelanisa ukulandelanisa kwenomboro elula kwenomboro elula ukufika e-180 ukufika ku-200 ukulandelanisa kufanele Tlama begodu kutjengise uhlathulule amaphetheni wakho Ukubala uye phambili nemuva nga: Yenza bewuhlathulule • Ku-1 ukusuka kwenye amaphetheni nenye inomboro weenomboro hlangana ne-0 ne-180 • Li-10 ukusuka kesinye nesinye isibuyabuyelelo se-10 hlangana ne-0 ne-180 • Ku-5 ukusuka kesinye nesinye isibuyabuyelelo saka ku-5 hlangana ne-0 ne-180 • Ku-2 ukusuka kesinye nesinye isibuyabuyelelo saka ku- 2 hlangana ne -0 ne-180 • Ku-3 ukusuka kesinye nesinye isibuyabuyelelo saka ku-3 hlangana ne -0 ne-180 • Ku-4 ukusuka kesinye nesinye isibuyabuyelelo saka ku-4 hlangana ne -0 ne-180 299 Tlama amaphetheni wakho ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
IGREYIDI YESI-2 ITHEMU YESI- 3 3. ISIKHALA NOBUJAMO (JIYOMETHRI) 300 UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-3 namaminithi ama -24) 3.1 Ilimi lobujamo Ubujamo nokubukela Iminqopho etjhukunyisiweko yeThemu yesi-3:Ubujamo nokubukela Isifundo esi-1 Ubujamo, Hlathulula ubujamo • Ukumadanisa Ngikuphi okuhlukileko eGreyidini yoku-1? ukuzijayeza bento eyodwa lokha ukuqaleka EGreyidini yesi-2 abafundi bazijayeza begodu banzinzise lokho abafunde ngakho nokubukela nawuyimadanisa nenye okungafaniko kwento okukumadanisa ukuqaleka okungafaniko kwento eyodwa ngamalanga. isib. Phezu kwe, phambi eyodwa ngamalanga. Ubujamo nokubukela kwe, emuva kwe, Ubujamo ngesinceleni, ngesidleni, Anbafundi Esigabeni Esisissekelo kufanele bazwisise bonyana izinto ziqaleka neenkombatjhuba phezulu, phasi, eqadi zingafanilokha nawuziqalako kusukela emahlangothini ahlukahlukeneko. Abafundi bangahle • Landela iinlayelo bathathe sakudlala bonyana izinto ezifana neemodoro ziqaleka zizincani lokha zikude. kwe. ukukhamba khamba Njengoba abafundi basebenza khulu ngeencwadi neemboniso eencwadini, kufanele Ubujamo nokubukela ngetlasini. bazwisise bonyana kubangelwa yini bonyana into etjengiswa ngaphambili iqaleka iyikulu Ukumadanisa ukuqaleka kunento engemuva. Ngesikhathi sokunqophana nesiqhemaabafundi bangenza umsebenzi okungafaniko kwento wokulinga ngokubeka izandla zabo phambi kwabo, ukusitha ukuqaleka kwezinto ezikuluto eyodwa ngamalanga. ezikudanyana. Ubujamo EGreyidini yesi-2 abafundi kufanele banikelwe imisetjenzana lapho bazakumadanisa khona ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 neenkombatjhuba ukuqaleka okungafaniko (ukubona ungaphezulu, ukubona useqadi, ukubona ungaphambili) Landela iinlayelo yezinto ezihlukahlukeneko zangamalanga. ukukhamba khamba Ekugcineni lokhu kuzakusiza abafundi bona barhumutjhe imigwalo yezinto zeJiyomethri ngetlasini. ezenziwe ngendlela ezihlukahlukeneko. ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu namaminithi CAPS ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-3 ama -24) 3.2 Izinto Izinto Ngikuphi okutjha eThemini yesi 3: Izinto ezi- ezihlukahlukeneko ezihlukahlukeneko Amasilinda nawo ayafakwa ezintweni okusetjenzwa ngazo. busontathu Ukukhumbula nokutjho Ukukhumbula nokutjho Amabumbeko abobusontathu (3-D) eGreyidini 2 (3-D) izinto ezibusontathu izinto ezibusontathu Abafundi basebenza nge ( 3-D) ngetlasini (3-D) ngetlasini neenthombeni neenthombeni • iimbholo nezinto ezibumbeke njengeembholo; • Ubujamo bebholo, • Ubujamo bebholo, • amasilinda nezinto ezibumbeke njengama silinda; na (iindulungu) (iindulungu) • mabhoksi ahlukahlukeneko nezinye izinto ezibumbeke p0hrizimu aboncamanenofana • Ubujamo bebhoksi • Ubujamo bebhoksi amakhiyubhu. (amaphrizimu) (amaphrizimu) Ukunqophisa ematshwayweni wezinto ezibusontathu( 3-D): Ezigedekako • amasilinda • amasilinda nezitjhelelako Amatshwayo wezinto Amatshwayo wezinto Lokhu liragelo phambili lalokhu abakwenze eGreyidini 1 neThemini 1, kodwana njenga nje, amasilinda nawo afakiwe. Ukuhlathulula, ukuhlela Ukuhlathulula, ukuhlela ngeengaba noku ngeengaba noku madanisa ( 3-D) izinto madanisa ngokuqala okulandelako: ( 3-D) izinto ngokuqala • isayizi okulandelako: • izinto ezigedekako • isayizi Abafundi bangafunisisa ukiuthi bangakghona na ukupakelanisanofana imibhotjhongo • izinto ezitjhelelako • izinto ezigedekako basebenzise amabholo kuphela, nofana amabhoksi kuphela amasilinda kuphela. Imisetjenzana • izinto ezitjhelelako.   enqotjhiweko Tjheja begodu wakhe ubujamo babobusontathu (3-D) onikelwe bona usebenzise izinto eziphathekako okufana nokusika ubujamo obubusobubili (2-D), amabhlogo wokwakha, izinto ezingabuye zisetjenziswe godu, amakhithi wokwakha, ezinye izinto ezinobujamo obubusontathu (3-D) 301 zeJiyomethri. ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 302 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-3 namaminithi ama -24) 3.2 Izinto Izinto Ukukhumbula nokutjho iimbholo (iindulungu) namabhoksi (amaphrizimu) Iimfundo ezi-2 Izinto ezi- ezihlukahlukeneko ezihlukahlukeneko namasilinda busontathu Ukukhumbula nokutjho Ukukhumbula nokutjho Abafundi baragela phambili nokutjho, ukuhlela ngeengaba nokubuthelela izinto, (3-D) izinto ezibusontathu izinto ezibusontathu kodwana njenganje amasilinda akhona nawo. Abafundi kufanele banikelwe Izinto ( 3-D) ngetlasini (3-D) ngetlasini ezihlukahlukenekookufanele basebenze ngazo ezinobujamo obufana nalokhu: neenthombeni neenthombeni • iindulungu ,isib iimbholo zamasayizi angalinganiko nofana abomabula, amalamune njll.; • Ubujamo bebholo, • Ubujamo bebholo, • amaphrizimu isib amabhlogo , amabhoksi wamasayizi ahlukahlukeneko, isib. Amabhoksi (iindulungu) (iindulungu) womlilo, amabhoksi wamasiriyeli, amabhoksi wetiye, amabhoksi wesibha samazinyo. • Ubujamo bebhoksi • Ubujamo bebhoksi Nama (amaphrizimu) (amaphrizimu) • silinda okufaka hlangana woke amade namatsikana isib. Iinquntwana zamaphayiphu • amasilinda • amasilinda anobujamo bamasilinda, ingaphakathi kwe khadi bhoksi wamathawula agedwako, nofana Amatshwayo wezinto Amatshwayo wezinto ingaphakathi lephepha langendlini yangasese, namasinda amafitjhani, navulekileko isib amabhloegana wephoritjhi yamanyathelo, amabhlegana wesineyifu, njll. Ukuhlathulula, ukuhlela Ukuhlathulula, ukuhlela ngeengaba noku ngeengaba noku Abafundi bangathola izinto ezibumbeke njenge bholo (iindulungu), nofana okubumbeke madanisa ( 3-D) izinto madanisa njenge bhoksi (amaphrizimu) nofanaokubumbeke njengamasilinda lokha nawu ngokuqala okulandelako: nikelwe ibuthelelo lezinto. Abafundi bangathola nofana batjengise izintro ezibumbeke ( 3-D) izinto ngokuqala njengamabhoksi (amaphrizimu) ngetlasini isib “ibhlegana lekofi leli libumbeke njenge ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 • isayizi okulandelako: silinda”. • izinto ezigedekako • isayizi Ngesikhathi sokufunda ngokuzijamela abafundi bangaragela phambili no • izinto ezitjhelelako • izinto ezigedekako • kwacha ngezinto ;no Imisetjenzana • izinto ezitjhelelako. • kwenza iimbholo , amasilinda namabumbeko wamabhoksi (amaphrizimu) ngedaka enqotjhiweko nofana ihlama yokudlala. Tjheja begodu wakhe Imisetjenzana etlolwako ubujamo babobusontathu (3-D) onikelwe bona Nanyana umsebenzi omnengi wezinto ezibusontathu (3-D) yenziwa ngokwenza, umsebenzi usebenzise izinto kufanele unzinziswe ngomsebenzi otlolwako. eziphathekako okufana Ilimi nokusika ubujamo Ukuragela phambili nokuthuthukisa ikghono labafundi loku khuluma ngezinto ezibusontathu obubusobubili (2-D), (3-D) Qala amanothi weThemu yoku-1 amabhlogo wokwakha, izinto ezingabuye zisetjenziswe godu, amakhithi wokwakha, ezinye izinto ezinobujamo ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) obubusontathu (3-D) zeJiyomethri.
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu namaminithi CAPS ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-3 ama -24) 3.3 Izinto Awukho umnqopho onqophileko wamajamo abobusobubili ( 2-D) etjhukunyisiweko Amajamo ezihlukahlukeneko eThemini yesi 2. Nanyana kunjalo, umsebenzi wamajamo abobusobubili ( 2-D) abobusobu- Ukukhumbula nokutjho unganzinziswa ngomsebenzi otlolwako ngesikhathi sokusebenza ngokuzijamela. bili amajamo abobusobubili Abafundi bangaragela phambili nokwenza iinrhombe ngamabumbeko abobusobubili (2-D) weJiyomethri ngesikhathi sokusebenza ngokuzijamela nangesikhathi sobuKghwari (2-D) ( 2-D) namaSiko. • iindulungu • aboncantathu • iinkwere • aboncamane amatshwayo wamajamo Hlathulula , hlela ngemihlobo begodu umadanise izinto ezinobujamo babobusobubili (2-D) ngokuqala lokhu: • isayizi • umbala • ubjamo • amahlangoth/ amaqadi anqophileko • amahlangothi /amaqadi /aziindulungu 303 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
IGREYIDI YESI-2 ITHEMU YESI-3 4. UKUMEDA 304 UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-3 namaminithi ama -24) 4.1 Ukutjho isikhathi Ukutjho isikhathi Abafundi baragela phambili ukuzijayeza ukukhuluma ngobude besikhathi begodu Isikhathi • Ukutjho begodu • Ukutjho begodu nangokulandelanisa isikhathi. ulandelanise ulandelanise Ngesikhathi sokufundisa itlasi loke nesikhathi sokufundisa ngeenqhema ezinqotjhiweko, amalanga weveke amalanga weveke abafundi baragela phambili ngokukhuluma ngamalanga weveke, ngeenyanga zonyaka • Ukutjho begodu • Ukutjho begodu begodu nangelanga lamhlokho, nangamalanga adlulileko begodu nangamalanga asezako. ulandelanise iinyanga ulandelanise iinyanga Abafundi bajayela amakhalenda ngokuragela phambili ngokubeka: zonyaka zonyaka • amalanga wamabeletho; • Ukubeka amalanga • Ukubeka amalanga • amafestivali wezekolo, wamabeletho, wamabeletho, • iminyanya wezomlando, amafestivali wezekolo, amafestivali wezekolo, • izehlakalo zesikolo; amaholideyi amaholideyi womphakathi, womphakathi, • amaholideyi womphakathi, ezisekhalendeni. iminyanya iminyanya Ngesikhathi sokusebenza ngokuzijamela abafundi baragela phambili nokulandelanisa wezomlando, wezomlando, izehlakalo zepilo yabo begodu balandelanisa iinthombe zezehlakalo ngefanelo.Abafundi ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 izehlakalo zesikolo izehlakalo zesikolo basebenza godu ngemisebenzi ehlobene nama-iri begodu nesinquntu sama-iri ezisekhalendeni. ezisekhalendeni. Ngikuphi okuhlukileko eGreyidini yesi-2? • Ukutjho isikhathi • Ukutjho isikhathi • Ukutjho isikhathi ngama-iri, ngeenquntu zama-iri nangamakotara wama-iri ukufika e-irini le-12 sama-iri ali-12 ngama- iminqopho yethemu yesi-3 usitjela ngesikhathi ngama-iri nangesiquntu sama-iri begodu ngama-iri, ngesiquntu iri,ngesiquntu se-iri nangamakotara wama-iri ngokusebenzisa iwatjhi ye-analogo.Lokhu kuzokuba mnqopho • se-iri begodu begodu nangekota weemfundo ezimbili. nangekota ye-iri ye-iri Ukutjho isikhathi kufanele kujayezwe njalo ngeThemu. Ukubala ubude Ukubala ubude besikhathi nokudlula Isibonelo, abafundi bangabawiwa batjho bonyana isikolo singena sikhathi bani, isikhathi besikhathi nokudlula kwesikhathi sokudla sinini begodu isikolo siphuma nini, nofana batjhintja nini ukusuka kesinye isifundo kwesikhathi nabaya kesinye. Khetha iinkhathi lapho iwatjhi itjengisa isikhathi poro. Kufanelekile bonyana • Ukusebenzisa • Ukusebenzisa kube newatjhi esebenzako ebekwa ngetlasini, ukuze abafundi baqale kiyo. Abafundi amakhalenda ukubala amakhalenda ukubala bangenza iimfaniso zamawatjhi. Ungababawa bonyana bakutjengise iinkhathi ezihlukileko, nokuhlathulula ubude nokuhlathulula ubude isib. Ngitjengisa i-iri le-10 ehloko. Ngitjengise bonyana bekusikhathi bani ngaphambi besikhathi ngamalanga besikhathi ngamalanga kwekotara ye-iri. nofana ngeemveke. nofana ngeemveke. • Ukusebenzisa • Ukusebenzisa amawatjhi ukubala amawatjhi ukubala ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) ubude besikhathi ubude besikhathi ngama-iri, ngesiquntu ngama-iri, ngesiquntu se-iri nofana ngekotara se-iri nofana ngekotara yama-iri. yama-iri.
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO CAPS : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-3 namaminithi ama -24) 4.1 Ukutjho isikhathi Ukutjho isikhathi Abafundi bafanele babale basebenzisa iwatjhi, isib. Batjengisa bonyana isikhathi sithi ma-iri Iimfundo ezi-3 Isikhathi • Ukutjho begodu • Ukutjho begodu ama-12 emini; babawe bonyana kuzabe kusikhathi bani ema-irini ama-3 ezako.Bakhambisa ulandelanise ulandelanise izandla eemfanisweni zamawatjhi ( nofana baqala iwatjhi yangetlasini, nofana esithombeni amalanga weveke amalanga weveke sewatjhi ukubala ipendulo yabo Abafundi abakalindeleki bonyana babale ubude • Ukutjho begodu • Ukutjho begodu Besikhathi ngama-awara nofana isiquntu se-awa ngaphandle kokufunyana ubuso bewatjhi ulandelanise iinyanga ulandelanise iinyanga • Sebenzisa amakhalenda ukubala nokuhlathulula ubude besikhathi ngamalanga nofana zonyaka zonyaka ngeemveke • Ukubeka amalanga • Ukubeka amalanga Abafundi banqopha ekufundeni ngamakhalenda. Bafunda ukuthola nokunikela amalanga wamabeletho, wamabeletho, anqophileko. amafestivali wezekolo, amafestivali wezekolo, Abafundi babala ubude besikhathi ngamalanga nofana iimveke, ngesikhathi baqala amaholideyi amaholideyi ikhalenda. womphakathi, womphakathi, Abafundi abakalindekeki bonyana batjhugulule hlangana kweemveke namalanga. iminyanya iminyanya wezomlando, wezomlando, Abafundi abakalindeleki bonyana benze iimbalo ezifaka ukubala isikhathi hlangana izehlakalo zesikolo izehlakalo zesikolo namalanga nangabe abakwazi ukufunyana amakhalenda ezisekhalendeni. ezisekhalendeni. • Ukutjho isikhathi • Ukutjho isikhathi ukufika e-irini le-12 sama-iri ali-12 ngama- ngama-iri, ngesiquntu iri,ngesiquntu se-iri • se-iri begodu begodu nangekota nangekota ye-iri ye-iri Ukubala ubude Ukubala ubude besikhathi nokudlula besikhathi nokudlula kwesikhathi kwesikhathi • Ukusebenzisa • Ukusebenzisa amakhalenda ukubala amakhalenda ukubala nokuhlathulula ubude nokuhlathulula ubude besikhathi ngamalanga besikhathi ngamalanga nofana ngeemveke. nofana ngeemveke. • Ukusebenzisa • Ukusebenzisa amawatjhi ukubala amawatjhi ukubala ubude besikhathi ubude besikhathi ngama-iri, ngesiquntu ngama-iri, ngesiquntu se-iri nofana ngekotara se-iri nofana ngekotara yama-iri. yama-iri. 305 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 306 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-3 namaminithi ama -24) 4.2 Ukumeda EThemini yokuthoma kuphakanyiswe bonyana abafundi banqophe ekulinganiseni, Ubude okungakahleleki ekumedeni, ekumadaniseni nekurekhodeni ubude, ubungako, ububanzi ngamayunithi • Ukulinganisa, ahlelekileko kodwana benze ukulinganisa, ukumeda, akumadanisa nokurekhoda iimedo ukumeda, ngamamitha. ukumadanisa, ukuhlela Yomibili imihlobo yokumeda ubude ingajayezwa ngesikhathi sokusebenza ngokuzijamela begodu urekhode ethemini yoke. Yoke imisebenzi ifanele ukurekhodwa. ubudeusebenzise Ukumeda ubube njengobujamo bokurarulula imiraro nokubala iimedo ezingakahleleki Ngesikhathi esibekelwe Iinomboro, imiSebenzi noBudlelwana, abafundi bangararulula isib. Ubude besandla, imiraro esebenzisa ubujamo amagadango,ubude bamapensela, izinto • bobude besimedo esingakahleleki, isib. Kumagadango ama-27 ukuya e-ofisini. zokubala, njll. Kumagadango ama-36 ukuya ehegeni yesikolo. Kukude kangangani ukuya ehegeni yesikolo. • Ukuhlathulula ubude bezinto ngokubala • Ukumeda ubude ngamamitha begodu nokutjho Yelela irherho leenomboro ezifanele iThemu, nanyana imihlobo ehlukahlukeneko yemiraro bonyana zinobude efaneleko yeThemu. obungangani ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 bamayunithi angakahleleki • Ukusebenzisa ilimi ukukhuluma ngokumadanisa, isib. ubude, ubufitjhani, mude khulu, banzi khulu. Ukwethula ukumeda okuhlelekileko Ukulinganisa, ukumeda, ukumadanisa, ukuhlela begodu urekhode ubudengokusebenzisa amamitha (iintonga ezimamitha nofana iintambo ezinobude bemitha) ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) njengomuvosimedo ojayelekileko.
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO CAPS : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-3 namaminithi ama -24) 4.3 Ukumeda okungakahl- Abafundi bangaragela phambili ukuzijayeza ukulinganisa, ukumeda, ukumadanisa Ubungako/ eleki nokurekhoda ubingako kusetjenziswa iimedo ezihlelekileko begodu nokumeda • Ukulinganisa, ukum- ukudzimelela ngesikhathi sokusebenza ngokuzijamela. Ubudisi eda, ukumadanisa, Ukumeda umthamo njengobujamo bokurarulula imiraro nokubala ukuhlela, bekurek- Ngesikhathi esibekelwe Iinomboro, imiSebenzi noBudlelwana, abafundi bangararulula hodwe ubungako, imiraro esebenzisa ubujamo ngokusetjenzisa iimedo • bobungako bokumeda okungakahleleki, ezingakahleleki be- godu nesikala sokud- • Ukumeda ubungako ngamakhilogremu zimelela isib. Amabhu- Yelela irherho leenomboro ezihlukahlukeneko ezifanele iThemu, nanyana imihlobo logo, iintina njll. ehlukahlukeneko yemiraro efaneleko yeThemu. • Ukusebenzisa ilimi ukukhuluma ngoku- madanisa isib.elula, ebudisi, elula-khulu, ebudisi-khulu. Ukwethula ukumeda okuhlelekileko • Ukumadanisa, uku- hlela nokurekhoda ubungako bezinto ezipakelwe ukutheng- iswae-zinobungako obutjengiswe nga- makhilogremu, isib. amakhilogremu ama-2 wereyisi nekhiligremu li-1 leflowuru • Ukumeda ubungako babo ngokusebenzisa isikala sokumeda san- gendlini yokuhlambela 307 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 308 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-3 namaminithi ama -24) 4.4 Ukumeda Ukumeda Zoke iimedo egreyidini yoku-1 azikahleleki. Akukafaneli bonyana kwenziwe ukumeda Umthamo/ okungakahleleki okungakahleleki okuhlelekileko bobungako kusetjenziswa imivosimedo ejayelekileko. Ivolumu • Ukulinganisa • Ukulinganisa Ngikuphi okuhlukileko eThemini yesi-4? nokumeda; nokumeda; Ukumadanisa Ukumadanisa EThemini yoku-1 kuphakanyiswe bonyana abafundi banqophe nokuhlela Isib. nokuhlela Isib. • ekuthuthuseni ilimi lokukhuluma ngemehluko yamavolumu; Umthamo Umthamo • ekumadaniseni amavolumu weemumathi ezimbili ezifanako ongamumathwa ongamumathwa simumathii nasizeleko simumathii nasizeleko • ekumadaniseni amavolumu eemumathini ezimbili ezingafani ngokusebenzisa ngokusebenzisa EThemini yesi-4 abafundi banganqopha ekwenzeni ukumeda okungakahleleki iimedo ezingakahleleki iimedo ezingakahleleki ngokusebenzisa ubungako bamayunithi obungakahleleki. isib. Iingobho isib. Iingobho namakopi. namakopi. Uyini umthamo? Iyini ivolumu? • Ukuhlathulula • Ukuhlathulula Ibhodlelo lingaba nomthamo wamakopi amane, kodwana ngekhelazaliswaswi, isibonelo, umthamo besimumathi umthamo besimumathi ingamumatha nevolumu yekopi elilodwa lamanzi ngesikhathi esithileko. ngokubala ngokubala umthamo ubungakobento engamumathwa simumathi, Ivolumu bungako besikhala nokutjho bonyana nokutjho bonyana esithathwa simumathi(soke isikhala esingaphakathi kwento). mangaki amayunihi mangaki amayunihi angakahleleki angakahleleki Ivolumu bungako besikhala esithathwa simumathi ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 angazalisa isimumathi, angazalisa isimumathi, Kesinye isikhathi abafundi bazokumeda bonyana lingangani iketjezi elingesimumathini. isib. Ibhodlelo isib. Ibhodlelo Lokhu kumeda ivolumu yento engesimumathini. linobungako bamakopi linobungako bamakopi Kesinye isikhathi abafundi bazokumeda bonyana isimumathi singamumatha kangangani amane amane nasizeleko swi. Ukwethulwa kokumeda Ukwethulwa kokumeda okuhlelekileko okuhlelekileko Ukumeda ubude obungakahleleki ngokusebenzisa amayunithi wobude angakahleleki • Ukulinganisa, • Ukulinganisa, Abafundi bangafunda zoke iinkambisolawulo neenkambiso zokumeda ngokusebenzisa ukumeda; ukumeda; amayunithi angakahleleki. Ukumeda ngamayunithi angakahleleki kufanele bonyana ukumadanisa ukumadanisa zingaqaleka kwanga azikaqakatheki kunokumeda ngamayunuthi ahlelekileko. nokuhlela nokurekhoda nokuhlela nokurekhoda Abafundi bafanele bathole ithuba lokumeda ivolumu/ umthamo ngokusebenzisa izinto umthamo wezinto umthamo wezinto ezihlukahlukeneko njengamayunithi ahlelekileko, isib. Amakopi (kodwana ingasi amakopi ngokumeda amalitha. ngokumeda amalitha. wokumeda), iingobho,( kodwana ingasi amathispuni wokumeda),iimvalo zamabhodlelo • Ukumadanisa, ukuhlela • Ukumadanisa, ukuhlela njengeemuvalo zamabhodlelo webisi wamalitha ama-2, Amabhlegana amancani, nokurekhoda umthamo nokurekhoda umthamo amabhodlelo amancani ,njll. wezinto ezipakelwe wezinto ezipakelwe ukuthengiswa, ukuthengiswa, Ukumeda ivolumu/umthamo ngamayunithi angakahleleki kufana ukubala bonyana ubungako bazo ubungako bazo kukangaki lapho umuntu azalisa begodu athela khona eyunithini ekhethiweko bekufike butlolwa ngamalitha, butlolwa ngamalitha, lapho umuntu afinyelela khona ebungakweni nofana evolumini efunekako. isib. Amalitha ama- isib. Amalitha ama- ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) 2 webisi, ilitha li-1 2 webisi, ilitha li-1 lesiselo esimakhaza, lesiselo esimakhaza, amalitha ama-5 amalitha ama-5 wepende wepende
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO CAPS : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-3 namaminithi ama -24) 4.4 Ukumeda Ukumeda Abafundi bafanele bafundiswe ngaso soke isikhathi ukutjho iyunithi, isib. Kuneengobho Iimfundo ezi-3 Umthamo/ okungakahleleki okungakahleleki ezi-48 ezipheleleko zamanzi ngebhodlelweni nofana kunamanzi angaphasi kwekopi Ivolumu • Ukulinganisa • Ukulinganisa ngebhodlelweni. nokumeda; nokumeda; Lokha abafundi nasele bameda nanyana ngiyiphi iyunithi amahlandla ambalwa,bafanele Ukumadanisa Ukumadanisa balinganise umthamo/ ivolumu ngokusebenzisa iyunithi leyo. nokuhlela Isib. nokuhlela Isib. Umthamo Umthamo Ukulinganisa ngaphambi kokumeda kuqakathekile, kodwana kungenziwa kwaphela lokha ongamumathwa ongamumathwa abafundi nabameda ngeyunithi leyo. simumathii nasizeleko simumathii nasizeleko Abafundi bafanele bafundiswe bonyana ukuze bamadanise amavolumu nofana imithamo, ngokusebenzisa ngokusebenzisa iyunithi efana patsi ifanele isetjenziswe. Isib.nangabe irhalasi Limimatha amathispuni iimedo ezingakahleleki iimedo ezingakahleleki ama-20 wamanzi begodu ikopi Limimatha iingobho zamanzi ezi-10, umuntu angekhe atjho isib. Iingobho isib. Iingobho bonyana irhalasi Limimatha amanzi amanengi. namakopi. namakopi. Abafundi bafanele bamede ngamayunithi angakahleleki ahlukahlukeneko, ukuze bakghone • Ukuhlathulula • Ukuhlathulula umthamo besimumathi umthamo besimumathi • ukuthoma ukuzwisisa bonyana iyunithi nayiyincani , izokusetjenziswa amahlandla ngokubala ngokubala amanengana ,isib. ivolumu engebhodlelweni ingaba ziingobho ezi-20 kodwana lilingane nokutjho bonyana nokutjho bonyana nekopi li-1; begodu. mangaki amayunihi mangaki amayunihi • ukuthoma ukusebenzisa amayunithi afanele lokho abakumedako, isib. Ukumeda amalitha angakahleleki angakahleleki amabili wamabhodlelo azeleko ngethispuni kukumotjha isikhathi. angazalisa isimumathi, angazalisa isimumathi, isib. Ibhodlelo isib. Ibhodlelo Ukurekhoda iimedo linobungako bamakopi linobungako bamakopi Nanyana ukumeda kulikghono lokuzijayeza ukwenza, abafundi bafanele ukurekhoda amane amane iimedo zabo ngaso soke isikhathi,okufaka hlangana koke ukumeda okungakahleleki Ukwethulwa kokumeda Ukwethulwa kokumeda nokulhelekileko. okuhlelekileko okuhlelekileko Ukumeda umthamo njengobujamo bokurarulula imiraro neembalo • Ukulinganisa, • Ukulinganisa, Ngesikhathi esibekelwe Iinomboro, imiSebenzi noBudlelwana,abafundi bangararulula ukumeda; ukumeda; imiraro esebenzisa ukumadanisa ukumadanisa nokuhlela nokurekhoda nokuhlela nokurekhoda • ubujamo bobungako / ivolumu besimedo ezingakahleleki, isibonelo, uGogo usebenzisa umthamo wezinto umthamo wezinto amakopi amabili wetiye ukwenza ipudinghi. Nakawabuyelela kabili , uzokusebenzisa ibisi ngokumeda amalitha. ngokumeda amalitha. elingangani? • Ukumadanisa, ukuhlela • Ukumadanisa, ukuhlela • Amaliotha nokurekhoda umthamo nokurekhoda umthamo Yelela irhelo leenomboro elifanako leThemu leyo, begodu nemihlobo yemiraro wezinto ezipakelwe wezinto ezipakelwe ukuthengiswa, ukuthengiswa, ehlukahlukeneko. ubungako bazo ubungako bazo butlolwa ngamalitha, butlolwa ngamalitha, isib. Amalitha ama- isib. Amalitha ama- 2 webisi, ilitha li-1 2 webisi, ilitha li-1 309 lesiselo esimakhaza, lesiselo esimakhaza, amalitha ama-5 amalitha ama-5 wepende wepende ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
IGREYIDI YESI-2 ITHEMU YESI-3 5. UKUPHATHA IDATHA 310 UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-3 namaminithi ama -24) 5.4 Buthelela begodu Buthelela begodu Hlela idatha Iimfundo ezi-3 Ukubuthelela uhlele idatha uhlele idatha Bekutjhukunyiswe bona abafundi basebenze ngawowoke umzombe wedatha ngeThemu nokuhlela • Buthelela idatha • Buthelela idatha yoku-1. Kutjhukunyiswe bona ngeThemu yesi-3, abafundi bazenzele amagrafu idatha ngetlasi nofana ngetlasi nofana weenthombe umfundi ngamunye ngokusebenzisa idatha abnokelwe yona ngeenthombe isikolo ukwenzela isikolo ukwenzela nofana ngamathebula. ukuphendula imibuzo ukuphendula imibuzo Jamisela idatha ebuzwa ngutitjhere. ebuzwa ngutitjhere. Njengoba abafundi bazabe bagwala zoke iinthombe ezise / ezenza igrafu yeenthombe, • Hlela idatha kuqakathekile ukukhetha iinhloko ezineengaba okulula bona abafundi bazigwale isib. ngamathali Imihlobo yeenselo abazithandako, njengoba kulula ukugwala ibhlegana ukujamisela 5.5 Ukujamisela idatha Ukujamisela idatha isiseloesimakhaza esinye nesinye; iinthelo nazo kulula ukuzigwala, ngakho ke isithelo esithadwako naso singagwalwa. Ukugwala iinthombe ukutjengisa imidlalo abayithandako, Ukujamisela • Jamisela idatha • Jamisela idatha amahlelo wakamabonakude abawathandako njll. Kungahle kube nzima khulu ebafundini idatha ngegrafu yeenthombe ngegrafu yeenthombe abanengi bamaGreyidi we-2. 5.6 Ukuhlaziya begodu Kulula ebafundini ukugwala amagrafu lokha nabanikelwe amaphepha anamabhlogo. ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 urhumutjhe idatha Ukuhlaziya begodu Khumbuza abafundi ngobujamo obuqakathekileko begrafu yeenthombe (bona iThemu Ukuhlaziya urhumutjhe idatha yoku-1). begodu • Phendula imibuzo urhumutjhe ngedatha ethulwe nge: • Phendula imibuzo Hlaziya begodu urhumutjhe idatha idatha ngedatha yegrafu Abafundi kufanele baphendule imibuzo obabuza yona ngamagrafu weenthombe: Bona yeenthombe. iThemu 1 ukuthola ihlobo lemibuzo efaneleko. ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
IGREYIDI YESI-2 ITHEMU YESI- 4 1. IINOMBORO, AMA-OPHARETJHINI NOBUDLELWANA CAPS UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-4 namaminithi ama -24) 1.1 Ukubala izinto Ukubala izinto Ngikuphi okuhlukileko kune Themu yesi-3? Ukubala eziphathekako eziphathekako NgeThemu le abafundi babala izinto ezima-200. Ekupheleni kweThemu le abafundi babe izinto Linganisa begodu ubale Linganisa begodu ubale sebabone, bakghwatha/bathinta bebatjhidisa izinto ezima-200. Bafanele babe nomuzwa ngokuthembeka izinto ngokuthembeka izinto “wobunengi’ obuma-200. Ragela phambili nomnqopho wokubuthelela izinto. zangamalanga zangamalanga Ekupheleni kweThemu bafanele bakghone ukuphendula imihlobo yemibuzo neenlayelo ukuya okungaseneni ukuya okungaseneni ezilandelako: ema-200. ema-200. • Ukubala izinto zokubala ngeenqhema zangakuhlanu, nangalitjhumi. Buyelela uhlele Amaqhinga Amaqhinga begodu ubale. Usese nezinto zokubala ezilinganako? wokubuthelela wokubuthelela • Nazi izinto zokubala ezima-200. Zibale ngokuzibuthelela ngeenqhema zangalitjhumi. ayakhuthazwa. ayakhuthazwa. Ukubala izinto zokubala ezi-200 sezizoke, ungakhetha ukuzibala ngeenqhema zama-20 nofana ngama 25? Kungebanga lani? • Thatha isiqunto bonyana ngiyiphi indlela engabalula ukubala ibuthelelo lamapensela. • Nazi izinto zokubala ezima-80. Nange singabala ngaku-2 nofana ngali-10, izinto zokubala zizokuhlala zinesamba esilinganako na? • Bala izinto zokubala ezima-46 ngokuzibeka ngeenqhema ezingaku -2. Ingabe kumasinya ukubala ngakubili kunokubala ngakunye na? • Ziinqhema ezingaki zangali-10 ozibalileko lokha ubala izinto zokubala ezili-120? 311 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 312 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-4 namaminithi ama -24) 1.2 Ukubala uye phambili Ukubala uye phambili Ngikuphi okuhlukileko kuneThemu yesi- 3? Ukubala uye nemuva nga: nemuva nga: NgeThemu le abafundi babala ukuya phambili nemuva ukufika ema-200. Ngokuya phambili • Ku-1 ukusuka kwenye • Ku-1 ukusuka kwenye ekupheleni kweThemu abafundi bafanele baqinise ukubala kwabo, ngokuhlanganisa nemuva nenye inomboro nenye inomboro ukubala ngokweqa ethebuleni yokubuyabuyelela. Abafundi bafanele bahlathulule lokho hlangana ne-0 na-200 hlangana ne-0 na-200 abakutjhejileko ethebuleni lokubala ngokubuyabuyelela bebakghone ukubona lokhu • Li-10 ukusuka • Li-10 ukusuka nabenza ukubala ngokweqa. Bafanele bathome ngokusebenzisa ikghono lokubonela kesinye nesinye kesinye nesinye phambili iinomboro ezizokubalwa. isibuyabuyelelo se-10 isibuyabuyelelo se-10 Isibonelo: hlangana ne-0 na -200 hlangana ne-0 na -200 Buza abafundi: Lokha nasibala ngakubili, sizoyisebenzisa inomboro ama-20? Ingabe • Ku-5 ukusuka • Ku-5 ukusuka inomboro ama-20 ikhona na ethebuleni lakaku-2? kesinye nesinye kesinye nesinye Ekupheleni kweThemu abafundi bafanele bakghone ukuphendula imihlobo yemibuzo isibuyabuyelelo saka isibuyabuyelelo saka neenlayelo ezifana nokuthi: ku-5 hlangana ne-0 ku-5 hlangana ne-0 • Bala ngamatjhumi ukusuka e-170 ukuya ema-200 na-200 na-200 • Bala uye emuva ngamatjhumi ukusuka e-180 ukuya e-140 • Ku-2 ukusuka • Ku-2 ukusuka kesinye nesinye kesinye nesinye • Bala ngakuhlanu ukusuka e-115 ukuya e-145 isibuyabuyelelo saka isibuyabuyelelo saka • Bala uye emuva ngakuhlanu ukusuka e-135 ukuya e-110 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 ku- 2 hlangana ne -0 ku- 2 hlangana ne -0 • Bala ngakuthathu ukusuka ema-66 ukuya e-81 na-200 na-200 • Bala uye emuva ngakuthathu ukusuka e-190 ukuya e-169 • Ku-3 ukusuka • Ku-3 ukusuka • Bala ngakune ukusuka e-120 ukuya e-140 kesinye nesinye kesinye nesinye isibuyabuyelelo saka isibuyabuyelelo saka • Bala uye emuva ngakune ukusuka e-180 ukuya e-160 ku-3 hlangana ne -0 ku-3 hlangana ne -0 Abafundi bangasebenzisa igridi yenomboro, inambalayini, umkhondo wenomboro, na-200 na-200 i-abhakhasi begodu nemincamo yokusekela ukubala. • Ku-4 ukusuka • Ku-4 ukusuka kesinye nesinye kesinye nesinye isibuyabuyelelo saka isibuyabuyelelo saka ku-4 hlangana ne -0 ku-4 hlangana ne -0 ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) na-200 na-200
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO CAPS : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-4 namaminithi ama -24) 1.3 Ukukhumbula, ukubona Ngikuphi okuhlukileko kuneThemu yesi- 3? Amat- nokufunda iinomboro NgeThemu le abafundi kwanjesi babona, bafunde begodu nokutlola amatshwayo shwayo • Ukwazi nokufunda weenomboro ukufika ema-200. Ilwazi lamatshwayo weenomboro ukuqinisekisa lokha weenom- amatshwayo nakubalwa ngokuya phambili nokuya emuva. boro wenomboro ukusukela Ekupheleni kweThemu abafundi bafanele bakghone ukuphendula imihlobo yemibuzo namagama e-0 ukufika ema-200 nofana iinlayelo: weenom- • Ukutlola amatshwayo Ukutlola itshwayo lenomboro: boro weenomboro ukusuka Amatjhumi amabili nantathu e-0 ukufika ema-200 Amatjhumi amahlanu nekhomba • Ukwazi nokufunda amabizo wenomboro Amatjhumi alithoba nakubili ukusuka e-0 ukufika Ikhulu nethoba e-100 utlola amabizo Ikhulu netjhumi nanye wenomboro ukusukela Ikhulu namatjhumi amabili nekhomba eli-0 ukufika e-100 Madanisa amatshwayo negama lenomboro 66 Amatjhumi alithoba nanye 8 Amatjhumi amahlanu nantathu 172 Amatjhumi amane 109 Amatjhumi amathathu nobunane 91 Ikhulu namatjhumi alikhomba nambili 40 Amatjhumi asithandathu nathandathu 53 Bunane 38 Ikhulu nethoba umi Amatjh u m a th ath a Itjhumi nesithandathu Itjhumi nethoba i Amatjhum alikhomba 313 Ukufundela phezulu iinomboro kelinye nelinye ikarada: 198 67 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 314 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-4 namaminithi ama -24) 1.4 Ukuhlela nokumadanisa Ngikuphi okuhlukileko kuneThemu yesi-3? Ukuhlathu- iinomboro 4kufika ema- Irherho leenomboro lingezelelwe ukufika ema-99. lula, 99 Ekupheleni kweThemu abafundi kufanele bakghone : • Ukuhlela iinomboro Ukusebenzisa, ukufunda nokutlola. ukumadani- ezipheleleko ukufika Kokuthoma, kwesibili, kwesithathu, kwesine, kwesihlanu, kwesithandathu.................begodu sa, ema-99. Ukusukela neenrhunyezo: 1-thoma-, 2- bili, 3-thathu-, 4-ne, nokuhlela Ukusebenzisa, ukufunda nokutlola ilimi lokuhlela nokumadanisa okulandelako kencani khulu ukuya iinomboro • Zingaki............ kwekulu khulu begodu nakusukela kekulu • Okunengi kangange, inomboro efana na khulu ukuya kwencani • Ilingana na, okunengi kuna, okuncani kuna, okumbadlwana kuna, okukhulu khulu kuna, khulu okuyimbijana kuna, ekulu kuna • Ukumadanisa • Enengi, ncani khulu, mbijana, okukhulu khulu iinomboro • Hlela, kokuthoma,kokugcina, ngaphambi, ngemuva, okulandelako, hlangana, okuphakathi ezipheleleko ukufika hlangana ema-99 usebenzise Sebenzisa itshwayo = ukujamiselela ukulingana okuncani kuna, Abafundi bafanele bakghone ukuphendula imibuzo efana nokuthi: okukhulu kuna, Ngubani osebujameni besibili emjejeni? ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 okunengi kuna, Ngiyiphi ipensela efitjhani khulu? okuncani kuna, Hlela iinomboro ukufika okungasenani e-100 begodu uzibeke enambalayinini nofana okulingana na. usebenzise igridi yesikwere. Sebenzisa Zaliselela iinomboro ezitjhiyiweko engcenyeni zegridi ye-100 iinomborosikhundla 100     87   ukutjengisa ukuhlela, iindawo nofana Tlola bonyana iinomboro lezi zizokuya kuphi: 88, 90, 92... ubujamo Beka izinto Zaliselela ngenomboro etjhiyiweko: emudeni ngokulandelana 115 117 ukusuka kweyokuthoma ukuya kweyetjhumi 139 141 nofana keyokuthoma ukuya keyokugcina, Isib. 187 185 Yokuthoma, yesibili, Phendula imibuzo elandelako ngokukhuluma: yesithathu, ematjhumini Ngiziphi iinomboro ezihlangana kwama-82 nama- 87? amabili Ngiziphi iinomboro ezihlangana kwama -45 nama 50? Ngiziphi iinomboro ezihlangana kwama -69 nama 75? Tlola iinomboro ngokuzihlela kusukela kwekulu khulu ukuya kwencani khulu ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) 127, 132, 165, 111, 189, 173, 156 Tlola iinomboro ngokuzihlela kusukela kwencani khulu ukuya kwekulu khulu 89, 62, 56, 72, 45, 39, 17 Tjengisa, funda begodu utlole inomborosikhundla.
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO CAPS : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-4 namaminithi ama -24) UBUKHULU BEDIJITHI 1.5 Ukulemuka ubukhulu Ekupheleni kweThemu abafundi bafanele bakghone uku: Ubukhulu bedijithi okungenani • Zwisisa nokusebenzisa ilwazimagama lobukhulu bedijithi: bedijithi iinomboro zamadijithi Ukusebenzisa, ukufunda nokuthoma ukutlola: amabili ukufika ema-99 Ngakunye nofana imivo, amatjhumi, idijithi, inomboro yedijithi elilodwa, inomboro • Ukulemuka bonyana yamadijithi amabili, ubukhulu bedijithi...... idijithi ngayinye lijamele ini • Ukuhlukanisa phakathi iinomboro ezinamadijithi amabili ngesibuyabuyelelo setjhumi nemivo • Ukuphula iinomboro zamadijithi amabili Tlola inomboro: ukufika ema-99 zibe Amatjhumi asi-6 nemivo emi-3 ___________ ziiimbuyeleli zetjhumi Amatjhumi ama-2 nemivo emi -5____________ nemivo(TM) Amatjhumi ali-12 nemivo ebu -8 ___________ • Bona bewutjho Amatjhumi lia-18 nemivo emi-4 ___________ ubungako bedijithi ngalinye • Ukusebenzisa ama-apharathasi: Tjengisa amatjhumi ama-4 nemivo emi-5 ngokusebenzisa i-abhakhasi. Tjengisa amatjhumi ali-7 nemivo esi-6 ngokusebenzisa i-abhakhasi Yitjho bonyana idijithi bu-8 ema -28 lijamele ini? Begodu noku-2? Yitjho bonyana ngiyiphi inomboro elingana nofana efana na: -- Amatjhumi asi-6 -- Amatjhumi alithoba nemivo emithathu -- Amatjhumi amahlanu nemivo elithoba Ngiyiphi inomboro okufanele ingene ngebhoksini ngalinye? 34 = +4 78 = 70 + Iinsetjenziswa Izinto ezingabuthelelwa: • Iingojwana zokubala • Izinto zokubala ezingathungwa • Iinthoro zomlilo • Iingojwana ze-ayisikhrimu 315 • Amakhyubsi angenelelanako ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 316 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-4 namaminithi ama -24) UKURARULULA IMIRARO ESEBUJAMENI 1.6 Sebenzisa amathekhiniki Abafundi balindeke bonyana basombulule imiraro yamagama ngokusebenzisa alandelako lokha amathekhiniki alandelako: Amathek- hiniki wok- nawurarulula imiraro • Ukwakha nofana ukuphula iinomboro urarulula begodu uhlathulule • Ukubuyelela kabili nokuhafula phakathi imiraro iinsombululo zemiraro: • Amanambalayini • Imigwalo nofana Qala amanothi weThemu yoku-1 neyesi- 2 ukwenzela: ama- aparethasi aphathekako isib. izinto • Imigwalo nofana ama- aparethasi aphathekako zokubala • Ukwakha nokuphula • Ukwakha nokuphula • Ukubuyelela kabili nokuhafula phakathi iinomboro Amanambalayini • Ukubuyelela kabili Ukusebenzisa amanambalayini ukuze abarhelebhe ukubala, azakuvumela abafundi nokuhafula phakathi bonyana barekhode ukucabanga kwabo begodu balandelele umkhondo wokucabanga • Amanambalayini kwabo. Avumela abafundi bonyana babe nomfanekiso abangawusebenzisa ukuhlathulula bonyana bawusombulule bunjani umraro. ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 Abafundi bebasebenzisa amanambalayini kusukela eGreyidini yoku-1. Ethemini yesi- 4 bafanele bakghone ukukwakha amanambalayini anganalitho lapho bazafaka khona inomboro yokuthoma bese babone bonyana basuka bunjani enomborweni yinye ukuya kwenye. Isibonelo bonisa bonyana abafundi bangayisebenzisa bunjani inambalayini: Abantwana abama-23 bathatha ikhambo lesikolo namhlanje. Kusele abantwana abama-63 esikolweni. Bekuna abantwana abangaki kwasekuthomeni?   +10   +10   +3   63   64   65   66   67   68   69   70   71   72   73   74   75   76   77   78   79   80   81   82   83   84   85   86   Vumela abafundi bonyana bakhethe ithekhiniki abazizwa batjhaphulukile ngayo. Nanyana kunjalo lokha abafundi basebenzisa amathekhiniki lawa angabasiziko kufanele bonyana bakhokhelwe ekusebenziseni azabasiza. Yelela bonyana abafundi esikhathi esinengi basebenzise indlela ezihlukeneko zokusombulula imiraro okungahle kungabi ngilezo ebezilindelwe ngutitjhere. ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) Isibonelo, umraro wokuhlukanisa ungasonjululwa ngokubuyelela ukukhupha, ukuhlanganisa nofana ukubuyabuyelela. Iindlela zabafundi zizokutjhuguluka ngokukhamba njengombana ilemuko nokujayela imihlobo yemiraro ikhula, begodu njengombana umqondo nomboro wabo uthuthuka.
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO CAPS : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-4 namaminithi ama -24) 1.7 Rarulula imiraro Iimbonelo zemiraro okufanele abafundi bakghone ukuyisombulula ekupheleni kweThemu. Ukuh- yamagama Ukuhlanganisa nokukhupha langanisa ezisebujameni Kunemihlobo okungasenani emithathu esisekelo yemiraro yokuhlanganisa nokukhupha bewuhlathulule nokukhupha begodu omunye nomunye umhlobo ungabuzwa ngeendlela ezahlukahlukeneko. iinsombululo zakho zemiraro ezifaka Imihlobo esisekelo ngile: ukuhlanganisa Itjhentjhi nokukhupha nempendulo • UNoluthando bekanamaswidi ama-25.USilo umuphe amaswidi ali-18. Sekanamaswidi ukufika e-99. amangaki njenganje? • UNoluthando bekanamaswidi ama-53. Wanikela uSilo amaswidi ama-32. Sekanamaswidi amangaki njenganje? Hlanganisa • Itlasi leGreyidi yesi- 2 linaboncantathu abahlaza satjani abama-37 begodu naboncantathu abahlaza sasibhakabhaka abali-19. Bangaki aboncantathu abanabo? • Baneendulungu ezima-63; ezima-27 zihlaza satjani begodu ezinye zihlaza sasibhakabhaka. Baneendulungu ezingaki ezihlaza sasibhakabhaka abanazo? Ukumadanisa UNosisi unamabhanana ali-13. UThemba unamabhanana a-5. UNosisi unamabhanana amanengi ngamangaki kunoThemba? Ukubeka omunye nomuye umraro ngendlela ezihlukileko. Imiraro ifanele ibekwe ngeendlela ezihlukeneko. Isibonelo, yomibili imiraro ngeyetjhentjhi nokho “okungaziwa” kusendaweni ezahlukahlukeneko zemiraro. • UNoluthando unamaswidi. USilo umupha amanye amaswidi ama-18. Kwanje sele anamaswidi ama-43. UNoluthando bekanamaswidi amangaki ekuthomeni? • UNoluthando bekanamahabhula ama-25. USilo wamupha amanye amahabhula. Kwanje sele amahabhula ama- 43.USilo umuphe amahabhula amangaki? 317 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 318 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-4 namaminithi ama -24) 1.8 Rarulula imiraro Iimbonelo zemiraro okufanele abafundi bakwazi ukuyisombulula ekupheleni Ukuh- yamagama kweThemu. langanisa ezisebujameni Ukuhlanganisa okubuyelelweko okubuyele- bewuhlathulule • Imilelenjana ema-20 inamavilo amangaki? lweko iinsombululo zakho zemiraro, ezifaka Isilinganiso okurholela ekubuy- ukuhlanganisa • UThami ukhamba amabhlogo asi-6 ngelanga. Mabhlogo amangaki awakhambako abuyeleleni okubuyelelweko ngeveke? okurholela Amagridi ekubuyabuyeleleni • UMnu. Khumalo utjala amareyi ali-7 wekhabitjhi. Kunamakhabitjhi ebu-8 ereyini. Mangaki okunempendulo ufikela amakhabitjhi sele awoke? e-50. 1.9 Ukurarulula Iimbonelo zemiraro okufanele abafundi bakghone ukuyisombulula ekupheleni kweThemu. Ukubuthele- imiraro yamagama Ukubuthelela la nok- ezisebujameni Ukubuthelela,ukulahla isalela wabelana bewuhlathulule iinsombululo zakho • UStella uthengisa amahabhula ngeenkhwanyana ezifaka amahabhula ali-10 sisinye. okurholela ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 ufake ukwabelana Unamahabhula ama-80. Angenza iinkhwanyana ezifaka amahabhula ali-10 ezingaki? ekuhlu- kaniseni ngokulingana Ukubuthelela okufaka hlangana isalela ependulweni nokubuthelela • Umlimi unamaqanda ama-47. Mabhoksi wamaqanda amangaki athatha amaqanda asi-6 ngeenqema lilinye azowatlhoga ukupaka woke amaqanda? kweenomboro Ukwabelana ezipheleleko ukufika e-50 kanye nempendulo Ukwabelana , ukulahla isalela ezingahle zifaka iinsalela • Yabela abangani abali-7 amaswidi ama-54 ukuze boke bathole inani elilinganako lamaswidi. ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO CAPS : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-4 namaminithi ama -24) 1.10 Ukurarulula Umnqopho wemiraro yamagama wamafraktjhini weThemu le uragela phambili ukuvumela bewuhlathulule abafundi : Ukwabelana okurholela iinsombululo zemiraro • Ukwaba begodu babuthelele ngokweenqhema izinto ngokulinganako; emafrak- ezisebujameni efaka • ukutjho iingcenye zamafraktjhini; tjhinini hlangana ukwabelana • Ukuthola amafraktjhini wezinto ezipheleleko; ngokulingana erholela • Ukulemuka bonyana ifraktjhini yingcenye yokupheleleko; empendulweni • Ukutlola ifraktjhini njengakunye kokuthathu zamafraktjhini wohlavu 1 1 1 1 Ethemini le abafundi batjho amafratjhini amanengi. Kubalulekile bonyana abafundi olulodwa isib. 2 , 4 , 3 , 5 njll bavezelwe epepeneneni amafraktjhini ngaphandle kwehafu yinye nekotara yinye. Iimbonelo zemiraro engenziwa: Ukwabelana, okurholela emafraktjhinini • Yabela abangani aba-3 iintina ezili-7 zetjhokoledi ukuze boke bathole inani elilinganako kungasali litho. • Abangani abane babelana amapanekuku ama-3 ngokulinganako. Munye uzothola mangaki? Ekupheleni kweThemu abafundi bafanele bazi imiqondo elandelako: Lokha nawuhlukanisa into phakathi: • Iingcenye ezimbili ezilinganako, kubizwa ukuhafula; ingcenye yinye ibizwa ihafu. • Iingcenye ezintathu ezilinganako, yinye ibizwa kunye kokuthathu; • Iingcenye ezine ezilinganako, yinye ibizwa ikota; • Iingcenye ezihlanu ezilinganako, yinye ibizwa kunye kokuhlanu; • Iingcenye ezisithupha ezilinganako, yinye ibizwa kunye kwesithandathu; • Iimbonelo zemiraro abafundi abafanele bayenze ekupheleni kweThemu. Ukwabelana, okurholela emafraktjhinini Yabela abangani aba-4 iintina eziyi-11 zetjhokoledi ukuze boke bathole inani elilinganako ukuze kungasali litho. Ifraktjhini lebuthelelo Ugogo unikela uKiki amalamune ali-12. UKiki wenza ijuzi ngakunye kokuthathu ngamalamune. Usebenzise amalume amangaki? Imihlobo le yemiraro kufanele ibuzwe kwaphela lokha abafundi sele bararulule imiraro emine namkha emihlanu yokwabelana, erholela emihlobeni yamafraktjhini begodu bazi amagama weengcenye zamafraktjhini. Ukubeka amafraktjhini ndawonye Umbanduli webholo yezandla unikela umdlali ngamunye ihafu yelamune. Kunabadlali aba- 14. Uthloga amalumune amangaki? 319 Imihlobo le yemiraro kufanele ibuzwe kwaphela lokha abafundi sele bararulule imiraro emine namkha emihlanu yokwabelana, erholela emihlobeni yamafraktjhini begodu bazi amagama weengcenye zamafraktjhini. ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 320 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-4 namaminithi ama -24) 1.11 • Ukulemuka nokubona Iimbonelo zemiraro okufanele abafundi bakghone ukuyisombulula ekupheleni kweThemu. Imali iinhlavu zemali Ubujamo bemiraro enoBudlelwana obusebenzako obuhlukeneko zeSewula Afrika : (5c, UHeila uthengisa amahotdogo ngama R4 ngayinye. Yenza ithebula lokumsiza athole inani 10c, 20, 50c, R1, R2; yama-oda amanengi. R5) kunye nemali yemaphepha (R10, Inani lama hotdogi R20, R50). • Sombulula imiraro Inani ngamaranda R yemali efaka hlangana amanani netjhentji ngamasende ukufika Sebenzisa ithebula ukuthola inani lama hotdogo ali-7 nali-15. ema-99c nofana USkhumbuzo ubhadelisa ama-R20 imali yokukhamba, abhadelise ama-R5 nge-iri ngamaranda ukufika ema-R99 ukuthlogomela umntwana. Mzalisele ithebula leli. Inomboro yama-iri 1 2 3 4 5 10 Inani ngamaranda R 25 30 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 Yelela bonyana umraro ka Heila noka Skhumbuzo usetjenzwa ngokuhlukileko. UKUBALA OKUSEBUJAMENI OBUTJHAPHULUKILEKO 1.12 Sebenzisa amathekhiniki Sebenzisa amathekhiniki Abafundi balindeke bonyana bararulule iimbalo ezisebujameni obutjhaphulukileko Amathekh- alandelako nawubalako alandelako nawubalako ngokusebenzisa amathekhiniki alandelako: iniki • Imigwalo nofana • Imigwalo nofana • Ukwakha nokuphula iinomboro (iindlela ama-apharethasi ama-apharethasi • Ukubuyelela kabili nokuhafula phakathi namaqh- aphathekako aphathekako • Amanambalayini inga) njengezinto zokubala njengezinto zokubala Qala amanothi weThemu yoku-1 neyesi-2 • Ukwakha nokuphula • Ukwakha nokuphula iinomboro iinomboro • Ukubuyelela kabili • Ukubuyelela kabili nokuhafula phakathi nokuhafula phakathi • Amanambalayini • Amanambalayini ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO CAPS : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-4 namaminithi ama -24) 1.13 • Hlanganisa ukufika • Hlanganisa ukufika NgeThemu le abafundi baragela phambili ngokuphula iinomboro ukuze babale. Ukuh- ema-99 e-99 Iindlela ezinokwenzeka ukubonisa iimbalo zokuhlanganisa nokukhupha langanisa • Khupha ukusuka ema- • Khupha ukufika e- 99 Ukuphula inomboro ibe zingcezu ezincane ukwenzela ukubalisisa kube lula nokukhupha 99 • Sebenzisa Ukusebenzisa ilwazi lobukhulu bedijithi, ukuphula iinomboro zibe matjhumi nemivo • Sebenzisa amatshwayo afaneleko amatshwayo afaneleko ( +, -, =, ) Hlanganisa amadijithi amabili ngokuphula iinomboro zombili ( +, -, =, ) • Ukuphrakhthisa 43 + 36 =  • Ukuphrakhthisa ukulumbana 43 + 36 = (40 + 3) + (30 + 6) ukulumbana kweenomboro ukufika = (40 + 30) + (3 + 6) kweenomboro ukufika ema-20 = 70 + 9 ema-20 = 79 Hlanganisa ngokuphula inomboro yinye 43 + 36 =  43 + (30 + 6) 43 + 30 → 73 + 6 = 79 Abafundi bangahle baphule inomboro ngezindlela abazikghonako. Lokhu kutjho bonyana bazozenza ngeendlela ezahlukeneko. 43 + 36 =  43 + (10 + 10 + 10 + 6) 43 + 10 → 53 + 10 → 63 + 10 → 73 + 6 = 79 Ukukhupha Ukuphula iinomboro zombili 87 – 56 =  87 – 56 = (80 + 7) - (50 + 6) = (80 - 50) + (7 - 6) = 30 + 1 = 31 321 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 322 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-4 namaminithi ama -24) 1.13 • Hlanganisa ukufika • Hlanganisa ukufika • Ukukhupha ngophula inomboro yinye Ukuh- ema-99 e-99 87 - 56 =  langanisa • Khupha ukusuka ema- • Khupha ukufika e- 99 87 - (50 + 6) nokukhupha 99 • Sebenzisa 87 - 50 → 37 - 6 = 31 • Sebenzisa amatshwayo afaneleko Lindela bonyana abanye abafundi bangahle baphule inomboro ngendlela ezihlukileko amatshwayo afaneleko ( +, -, =, ) ukwenzela bonyana babale lula: ( +, -, =, ) • Ukuphrakhthisa 87 - 56 =  • Ukuphrakhthisa ukulumbana 87 - (20 + 20 + 10 + 6) ukulumbana kweenomboro ukufika kweenomboro ukufika ema-20 87 - 20 → 67 - 20 → 47 - 10 = 37 - 6 = 31 ema-20 Ukusebenzisa ihafu ukuphula inomboro 69 + 12 69 + (6 + 6) 69 + 6 → 75 + 6 = 81 Ukubala uye phambili nemuva: 78 - 69 =  ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 Ukubala uye phambili ngakunye ukusuka ema-69 kuliqhinga elifaneleko ngombana iinomboro ziseduzana kwenye nenye. Ukubona ukubuyelela kabili okuseduze 34 + 35 hlathulula bonyana kubuyelela kabili ama-34 uhlanganise na-1 nofana buyelela kabili ama-35 ukhuphe ku-1. 34 + 34 + 1 Abafundi bangahle barekhode amaqhinga wabo ngokusebenzisa abonotjhobi. 34 + (30 + 4) + 1 34 + 30 → 64 + 4 → 68 + 1 = 69 Ukutjhugulula inomboro ibe sibuyabuyelelo setjhumi begodu ukhuphe nofana uhlanganise imivo. Ukubala uye phambili nofana uye phasi ekutjhideleni eduze ne-10 58 + 19 =  Lapha abafundi bafanele batjho kibo ngokwabo bonyana banamathuba amabili wokuzikhethela. Ukutjhugulula ama-58 nofana i-19 ekutjhideleni eduze kwesibuyabuyelelo ze-10. Banokuzikhethela ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) Isibalo singatlolwa ngendlela le: 58 + 19 = 58 + 20 - 1 58 + 20 → 78 - 1 = 77 Abanye abafundi bangaphula ama-20 ngeenqhema ezi-2 ze -10 ukubala ngokunembako.
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO CAPS : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-4 namaminithi ama -24) 1.13 • Hlanganisa ukufika • Hlanganisa ukufika Ekupheleni konyaka abafundi bafanele bakghone: Ukuh- ema-99 e-99 Ukusebenzisa nokuzwisisa ilimi lokuhlanganisa langanisa • Khupha ukusuka ema- • Khupha ukufika e- 99 Ukuzwisisa bonyana ukuhlanganisa ilize kutjhiya inomboro ingakatjhuguluki nokukhupha 99 • Sebenzisa 75 + 0 = 75 0 + 75 = 75 • Sebenzisa amatshwayo afaneleko amatshwayo afaneleko ( +, -, =, ) 75 = 75 + 0 75 = 0 + 75 ( +, -, =, ) • Ukuphrakhthisa Ukuphendula imibuzo etloliweko ebekwe ngeendlela ezahlukahlukeneko: • Ukuphrakhthisa ukulumbana • ukuhlanganisa ndawonye ama-43 ne-9 ukulumbana kweenomboro ukufika • ngezelela itjhumi ema-67 kweenomboro ukufika ema-20 • 11 hlanganisa nama-83 ema-20 • 80 = 62 + 8 +  • Ngiyiphi inomboro edlula ama-60 ngama-30 • Thola isamba sama-56 neli-14 • Hlanganisa itjhumi nambili namatjhumi alikhomba nahlanu • Ngiyiphi inomboro edlula ama-83 ngetjhumi? • Ngiyiphi inomboro ongayihlanganisa nama-45 ukuthola ama-78? • Amatjhumi amane uhlanganise namatjhumi ama-3 • Amatjhumi ali-12 uhlanganise nemivo ebu-8 • 45 + 10 =  45 + 20 =  45 + 30 =  Ukwazi bonyana Ukwazi bonyana ¨ lijamele inomboro engaziwako. 42 + 44 =  5 + 7 +  = 80 57 +  = 95  + 15 = 81 Ngesizo lama-apharathasi: hlanganisa iinomboro ezintathu ndawonye 26 +  +  = 72 Khetha iinomboro ezintathu kulezi:15, 19, 22, 25 Zihlanganise zoke. Mihlobo emingaki ehlukahlukeneko yamanani ongayenza? 323 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 324 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-4 namaminithi ama -24) 1.13 • Hlanganisa ukufika • Hlanganisa ukufika Baphendula imibuzo etloliweko begodu hlathulula bonyana bafike njani Ukuh- ema-99 e-99 eempendulweni zabo: langanisa • Khupha ukusuka ema- • Khupha ukufika e- 99 • Hlanganisa - 6, 12 ne -14. nokukhupha 99 • Sebenzisa • Yini inani le- 10, 5 ne-19. • Sebenzisa amatshwayo afaneleko Ukuzwisisa ukukhupha ekupheleni konyaka. amatshwayo afaneleko ( +, -, =, ) Ekupheleni konyaka abafundi bafanele bakghone: ( +, -, =, ) • Ukuphrakhthisa Ukuzwisisa begodu basebenzise ilwazimagama lokukhupha: • Ukuphrakhthisa ukulumbana Khupha, khupha, kusele mangaki, yincani kangangani............kune......, umehluko hlangana, ukulumbana kweenomboro ukufika yikulu kangangani ......kune......, kufuneka kwenziwe okunengi kangangani .........begodu kweenomboro ukufika ema-20 ufunde bewutlole itshwayo lokukhupha (-) ema-20 Ragela phambili ngokuthuthukisa ukuzwisisisa ukukhupha njengoku: • khupha • thola umehluko hlangana Ukuzwisisa bonyana nawukhupha ilize kutjhiya inomboro ingakatjintji: 92 – 0 = 92 92 = 92 – 0 Ukuphendula imibuzo etloliweko ebekwe ngeendlela ezahlukahlukeneko: ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 • Ama-37 khupha ku-3 • Khupha ama- 40 ema-80 • Ama-62 khupha ama- 42 • Khupha ama-45 ema-90 • Ngimuphi umehluko okhona hlangana nama-38 nama-57? • Lincani kangangani i-17 kunama-49 • Ngiyiphi inomboro ongayikhupha ema-56 ukuthola ama -22? • Ngiyiphi inomboro ongayikhupha -56 ukuthola ama– 32? • Ngiyiphi inomboro ongayikhupha ama-56 ukuthola ama– 42? • Thola iinomboro ezikhamba ngazimbili ezinomehluko we-10 Yazi bonyana  sijamele inomboro engaziwako. 57 – 34 =  80 – 30 =  62 -  = 48 98 – 42 =  ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) 87 -  = 75 13 – 6 = 15 -   - 18 = 24
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO CAPS : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-4 namaminithi ama -24) 1.13 • Hlanganisa ukufika • Hlanganisa ukufika Ukuthoma ukuzwisisa bonyana: Ukuh- ema-99 e-99 25 – 10 kuhlukile ku 10 – 25 langanisa • Khupha ukusuka ema- • Khupha ukufika e- 99 Ukusebenzisa ubudlelwana obuphakathi kokuhlanganisa nokukhupha nokukhupha 99 • Sebenzisa Yitjho bewutlole ukukhambelana kwamaphuzu wokukhupha ekuhlanganiseni amaphuzu • Sebenzisa amatshwayo afaneleko anikelweko begodu uwahlanekezele. Isibonelo: amatshwayo afaneleko ( +, -, =, ) ( +, -, =, ) 73 + 17 =90 kutjho bonyana 90 – 17 = 73 • Ukuphrakhthisa • Ukuphrakhthisa ukulumbana 17 + 73 = 90 kutjho bonyana 90 – 73 = 17 ukulumbana kweenomboro ukufika 42 – 18 = 24 kutjho bonyana 24 + 18 = 42 kweenomboro ukufika ema-20 42 – 24 = 18 kutjho bonyana 18 + 24 = 42 ema-20 Ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ama-apharathasi phendula okulandelako: Nawazi bonyana 62 + 29 = 91. Ayini ama-: 29 + 62 91 – 29 91 – 62 Nawazi bonyana 66 – 50 = 16 Ayini ama- : 66 – 16 50 + 16 16 + 50 Tlola bewuphendule okulandelako: 57 - 34 = 23  + 23 = 57  - 23 = 34 34 + 23 =  12 + 46 = 58 12 +  = 58 58 -  = 12  - 46 = 12 Tlola imihlobo emine yemitjho yeenomboro ehlukeneko usebenzise iinomboro ezi-3. Isibonelo: 20, 30 and 50 20 + 30 = 50 30 + 20 = 50 50 – 30 = 20 50 - 20 = 30 325 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 326 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-4 namaminithi ama -24) 1.14 • Buyabuyelela • Buyabuyelela Ngikuphi okuhlukileko eThemeni yesi-4? Ukuh- iinomboro ukusuka iinomboro ukusuka ku- NgeThemu le abafundi bazabe babuyababuyelela ngakuthathu kokuthoma. Qala amanothi langanisa ku-1 ukufika e-10 ngo 1ukufika e-10 ngo 1, 2, asethemini yoku-1 ukwazisa umqondo omutjha. okubuyele- 1, 2, 5, 3, 4 ukufika 5, 3, 4 ukufika ema-50 Ekupheleni kweThemu abafundi bafanele bakghone: lweko ema-50 • Sebenzisa Ukusebenzisa ilimi lokubuyabuyelela ebujameni obuphathekako: kurholela • Sebenzisa amatshwayo afaneleko ekubuy- amatshwayo afaneleko (+, x, =, ) Buyelela kabili, buyabuyelela, buyabuyelela nga,okubuyabuyelelo nga, isibuyabuyeleli abuyeleleni (+, x, =, ) sa, okunengi kwa, iinqhema za....., ukubuyabuyelela njenga (ubukhulu, ubude, ububanzi....), kabili, buyelela kathathu ngobunengi obungange, bafunde bebatlole itshwayo lokubuyabuyelela (x) Sebenzisa ilimi leli ukwenza iimbalo zokubuyabuyelela Ukuzwisisa ukubuyabuyelela njengokuhlanganisa okubuyelelweko 6 esihlanganiswe ndawonye ka-3 zilingana na: 6 + 6 + 6 = 18 6 ngokubuyelelwa ka-3 = 18 ukubuyabuyelela isi- 6 ngaku-3 = 18 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 6 x 3 = 18 3 x 6 = 18 Ukuzwisisa ukubuyabuyelela njengokuhlathulula ukurhemisa into. ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ 5 x 3 =15 ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ 3 x 5 = 15 Ukuphendula imibuzo efana na: Abokuhlanu abane Ukubuyelela kabili isi-6 6 sibuyabuyelelwa ka-5 ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO CAPS : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-4 namaminithi ama -24) 1.14 • Buyabuyelela • Buyabuyelela Izinto zokubala ezintathu ereyini. Kunamareyi amane. Kunezinto zokubala ezingangani Ukuh- iinomboro ukusuka iinomboro ukusuka ku- sezizoke? langanisa ku-1 ukufika e-10 ngo 1ukufika e-10 ngo 1, 2, 2 kubuyabuyelelwa ngaku-4 okubuyele- 1, 2, 5, 3, 4 ukufika 5, 3, 4 ukufika ema-50 8 bubuyabuyelelwa ka-2 lweko ema-50 • Sebenzisa Ukulemuka ukusetjenziswa kwesibambelindawo  ukujamela inomboro engaziwako. kurholela • Sebenzisa amatshwayo afaneleko ekubuy- amatshwayo afaneleko (+, x, =, ) Iinqhema ezi-3 za-2 zi-6 nofana ku-3 kubuyabuyelela ka- 2 yisi- 6 nofana 3 x 2 =  abuyeleleni (+, x, =, ) Iinqhema ezi-4 za-3 zi-12 nofana 4 kubuyabuyelela ka- 3 yi- 12 nofana 4 x 3 =  Iinqhema ezi-6 za-3 zi-18 nofana 6 kubuyabuyelela ka- 3 yi- 18 nofana 6 x  = 18 7 +  = 14 Iinqhema ezi-2 za-7=  2 +  +  +  +  +  +  = 14  x 7 = 14 1x2= 2x2= 3x2= 1x5= 2x5= 3x5= 327 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 328 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-4 namaminithi ama -24) 1.16 Umnqondo Iimbonelo zemibuzo engabuzwa: Iimbalo wenomboro: irherho Umqondo nomboro: zehloko ukufika ema-99 • Hlela isethi Amagama weenomboro namatshwayo yeenomboro Phakamisa ikarada nofana utlole igama lenomboro. Khetha umfundi uzokutlola inomboro ezikhethiweko ekhambelanako. onikelwe yona Okunengi nofana okuncani • Madanisa iinomboro ukufika ema-99 Kuyini o- bewutjho bonyana • Kuncani ngaku-1 ema-70 ngiyiphi enengi nofana encani nga-1, 2, 3, 4, • Kunengi ngaku-1 kunama-80 5 ne-10 • Kuncani ngaku-3 kunama-51 Ukukhumbula • Kuncani ngaku-4 kunama-67 masinyana: • Ukukhumbula • Kuncani ngaku-5 kunama-85 amaphuzu • Kunengi ngali-10 kunama-90 wokuhlanganisa • Kuncani ngali- 10 kunama-80 newokukhupha ukufika ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 ema- 20 Ngiliphi iledere lesi-5 lama alfabethini • Hlanganisa nofana Ngiyiphi inyanga yobu-9 yomnyaka? ukhuphe iimbuyeleli Ukuhlela nokumadanisa ze-10 ukusuka eli-0 ukuya e-100 Ngikuphi okunengi: 21 nofana 171? Amaqhinga Nginikela inomboro ehlangana kwe- 154 ne-159. ngengqondo Ukusebenzisa Amaphuzu wokuhlanganisa nokukhupha: amaqhinga wokubala • Ukwazi ngehliziyo ukulumbana kweenomboro ngokuhlanganisa nokukhupha ukuya ema- ukuhlanganisa 20. nokukhupha ngekghono  + r = 20 elifaneleko: • Beka inomboro ekulu  + r = 16 maqangi ukwenzela 19 =  - r ukubalela uye phambili nofana emuva Ukuhlanganisa nokukhupha amaphuzu wazo zoke iinomboro ukufika nokufaka hlangana • Sebenzisa ama-20. ubudlelwano phakathi 1 + 11 = 12 11 + 1 = 12 kokuhlanganisa 2 + 10 = 12 10 + 2 = 12 nokukhupha ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) • Inambalayini. 3 + 9 = 12 9 + 3 = 12 • Ukubuyelela kabili 18 – 4 = 14 18 – 14 = 4 nokuhafula 18 – 5 = 13 18 – 13 = 5 • Ukwakha nokuphula 18 – 6 = 12 18 – 12 = 6
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO CAPS : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-4 namaminithi ama -24) 1.16 Umnqondo Ngokurhabako khumbula ukuhlanganisa okubuyelelwa kabili ukufika-20. Lokhu kufanele Iimbalo wenomboro: irherho kufake hlangana amaphuzu wokukhupha akhambelanako. zehloko ukufika ema-99 • 1+1=2 • Hlela isethi yeenomboro • 2+2=4 ezikhethiweko • 3+3=6 onikelwe yona • 4+4=8 • Madanisa iinomboro • 5 + 5 = 10 ukufika ema-99 bewutjho bonyana • 6 + 6 = 12 ngiyiphi enengi nofana • 7 + 7 = 14 encani nga-1, 2, 3, 4, • 8 + 8 = 16 5 ne-10 Ukukhumbula • 9 + 9 = 18 masinyana: • 10 + 10 = 20 • Ukukhumbula Ngitjengise inomboro ongayihlanganisa ukwenza ama-20 (ukutlola phasi nofana amaphuzu usebenzise isijameli sikhundla nofana amakarada wamaFladi) wokuhlanganisa newokukhupha ukufika • 8 ema- 20 • 2 • Hlanganisa nofana • 9 ukhuphe iimbuyeleli • 15 ze-10 ukusuka eli-0 ukuya e-100 • 3 Amaqhinga Ngitjengisa inomboro esalako lokha ..... suswa ema -20 (ukutlola phasi nofana ngengqondo ukusebenzisa isijameli sikhundla nofana amakarada wamaFladi) Ukusebenzisa • 5 amaqhinga wokubala ukuhlanganisa • 18 nokukhupha ngekghono • 0 elifaneleko: • 14 • Beka inomboro ekulu maqangi ukwenzela • 7 ukubalela uye phambili Amaqhinga wokubala: nofana emuva Qala amanothi weThemu yesi- 2 • Sebenzisa ubudlelwano phakathi kokuhlanganisa nokukhupha • Inambalayini. • Ukubuyelela kabili 329 nokuhafula • Ukwakha nokuphula ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 330 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-4 namaminithi ama -24) 1.17 • Sebenzisa begodu • Sebenzisa begodu Ngikuphi okuhlukileko ethemini yesi-4? Amafrak- utjho amafraktjhini utjho amafraktjhini NgeThemu yesi- 3 ukulalelisisa kwabafunda bekunqotjhiswe ekubeni amagama tjhini ukufaka hlangana ukufaka hlangana wamafraktjhini ahlanganiswe neenomboro zeengcenye ezilinganako lapho okuzeleko amahafu,amakota, amahafu,amakota, kuhlukanisweko. Imihlobohlobo yamadayagramu asetjenziswa ukwakha ukuzwisisa kunye kokuthathu, kunye kokuthathu, okuragela phambili. kunye kokuhlanu kunye kokuhlanu Abafundi baragela phambili nokutjho amafraktjhini emadagramini ngeThemu le, begodu • Ukulemuka • Ukulemuka batjho iingcenye zamafraktjhini nabenza iimbalo zamagama. Iingcenye zamafraktjhini amafraktjhini amafraktjhini eziboniweko zitlolwa njengehafu yi-1, ku- 1 kokuthathu, ikota yi-1. asebujameni asebujameni Umnqopho ngeThemu le ufanele ube kokuzeleko. Abafundi bafanele bakghone: bedayagramu bedayagramu Ukuqedelele imitjho: • Ukutlola amafraktjhini • Ukutlola amafraktjhini njengehafu eyodwa, njengehafu yi-1 Amahafu amabili alingana na _________okuzeleko okubili kokuthathu kokuthathu Okuthathu kokuthathu kulingana na ________okuzeleko Amakota amane alingana na _________okuzeleko NgeThemu le abafundi bazokuthola amafraktjhini wesiqhema sezinto. Isibonelo: ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 Ukusebenzisa izinto zokubala ezirhemisiweko abafundi bazokuthola: Ihafu yi-1 yezinto zokubala ezibu-8 ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ Abafundi bangahlukanisa izinto zokubala ezibu-8 ngeenqhema ezi-2 zangaku-4 ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ Vumela abafundi basebenzise ama-apharathasi aphathekako ukwenza lokhu begodu bahlele izinto zokubala ngokuzirhemisa. Ekupheleni kweThemu le abafundi bafanele bakwazi ukuthola: ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) Ihafu yi-1 yezinto ezibuthelelweko; Ikota yi-1 yezinto ezibuthelelweko; Kunye kokuthathu bezinto ezibuthelelweko; na Kunye kokuhlanu bezinto ezibuthelelweko.
IGREYIDI YESI-2 ITHEMU YESI-4 2.AMAPHETHENI, AMAFANKTJHINI NE-ALJIBHRA CAPS UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-4 namaminithi ama -24) 2.1 Ukukopa ,ungezelele Amaphetheni Abafundi bazokusebenza ngamaphetheni ukusukela kewemvelo, wepilweni yangamalanga Amapheth- bewuhlathulule asizombelezileko yesimodeni, naselifeni lamasiko wethu ukusukela kugreyidi yoku-1ukufika kugreyidi yesi- 6. eni weJi- Ukukopa, ungezelele Ukubona, ukuhlathulula Lokhu kutjho bonyana akukafaneli uthathe isikhathi esinengi kilesihloko. Kufanele bonyana yomethri bewuhlathulule ngamagama nokukopa ukhethe imisetjenzana namaphetheni alungele leyo naleyo greyidi. ngamagama amaphetheni Enye yemihlobo yamaphetheni abafundi abangayifuna yisimethri, isib: ubunengi • Amaphetheni alula weJiyomethri bamakari nobuso beembandana bunobujamo besimethri. Zinjalo neenunwana ezinengi enziwe ngezinto • Ngokwemvelo, nazibukelwako ukusukela ngaphezulu namaphetheni weenyoni ezinengi nazibukelwako ezibonakalako; begodu ukusuka ngaphasi: • Kusukela epilweni • Amaphetheni alula yangamalanga Abafundi bangaqala amaphetheni ase: enziwe ngemigwalo yesimodeni, • Mafensini (weendrada,weengodo nofana wevayibrakhrithi); yemida,ubujamo • Kusukela elifeni • msebenzini weentina nasemathayilisini wefluru; nofana izinto lamasiko wethu. • ephahleni; Tlama bewuhlathulule • zambathweni nasematjhileni; amaphetheni okungawakho • mabhorodweni,enkopini nasemapiringhini; Ukwakha amaphetheni • embholweni ezirarhwako; okungewakho • embandaneni njengeenkomo,amaviyaviyani webusuku newemini,iduba, wejiyomethri idlulamithi,iingwenya,iinyoni, • Ngezinto • iinunwana; ezibonakalako • mathuthumbeni nasemakarini; • Ngokugwala imida, • maphepheni abekwa emabodeni weepakana ezigwaliweko aneenthombe atholakala ubujamo nofana izinto emikhukhwini nasezindlini ezingakahleleki. Amaphetheni • imincamo yamasiko neyesimodeni; nase asizombelezileko • mpotweni zamasiko zomdaka nofana iimantjana ezilukiweko. Ukubona, ukuhlathulula Abafundi bangawahlathulula njani amaphetheni abawabonako abazombelezileko? ngamagama nokukopa amaphetheniwe Kunendlela ezihlukeneko zokuhlathulula amaphetheni esiwabonako asizombelezileko, Jiyomethri Amaphetheni amanengi esiwabonako enziwe ngemida, ngobujamo nangezinto.Ubujamo nofana izinto azikuthlogi ukuhlanganiswa nobujamo beJiyomethri obububuso bubili (2-D) • Ngokwemvelo nezinto ezibubuso buthathu (3-D) okusetjenzwe ngazo egreyidini yesi-2. Into okukuphela • Kusukela epilweni kwayo eqalwe bafundi yi: yangamalanga • Lokho okubuyelelwako isib. Amaqatjhazi, imida, omunye nomunye umhlobo wobujamo yesimodeni, 331 begodu nokuthi • kusukela kezamagugu • Zibuyelelwe njani. nendabuko yethu. ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 332 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-4 namaminithi ama -24) 2.1 Ukukopa ,ungezelele Amaphetheni Isibonelo : lsifundo esi-1 Amapheth- bewuhlathulule asizombelezileko -- Imida enqophileko evundlako (njengemida yetjhila loku hlanza iinkotlelo / ifadugu), eni weJi- Ukukopa, ungezelele Ukubona, ukuhlathulula imida ekhamba magega nomqoqo wetjhila nofana buvundla erhembeni , imida yomethri bewuhlathulule ngamagama nokukopa ekhuphuka nemilenze yamabhrugu, ngamagama amaphetheni -- Imida egobeneko njengaleyo esiyithola lokha nasisika i- eyiye buvundla • Amaphetheni alula weJiyomethri -- Imida engalinganiko njengeyemino egadangisiweko njengaleyo yamadube nemida enziwe ngezinto • Ngokwemvelo, etshwabeneko endhlovini, kubhejane nasebantwini abadala ezibonakalako; begodu • Kusukela epilweni -- Imida ephenyezelako ongayithola lokha usika • Amaphetheni alula yangamalanga -- ikhabitjhi buvundla nofana ngileyo ongayithola eenajaneni zesanda enziwe ngemigwalo yesimodeni, yemida,ubujamo -- Amachatjhaza alinganako, amachatjhaza arhatjhwe ngokulingana • Kusukela elifeni nofana izinto lamasiko wethu. -- Ubujamo obulinganako isb.iphetheni yeentina ebodeni nofana epheyivini Tlama bewuhlathulule -- Ubujamo bemibala efanako amaphetheni -- Amaphetheni enziwa ngobujamo obufanako obuqale endaweni ezihlukeneko, isib. okungawakho aboncantathu abaqale phezulu nofana phasi emisebenzini yemincamo yamasiko, Ukwakha amaphetheni iintina zokupheyiva eziqale eendaweni ezihlukeneko okungewakho -- Amaphetheni enziwe ngobujamo obuhlukeneko njengalawo weendlulamithi ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 wejiyomethri • Ngezinto ezibonakalako • Ngokugwala imida, ubujamo nofana izinto Amaphetheni asizombelezileko Ukubona, ukuhlathulula ngamagama nokukopa amaphetheniwe Jiyomethri • Ngokwemvelo • Kusukela epilweni yangamalanga yesimodeni, • kusukela kezamagugu nendabuko yethu. ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-4 namaminithi CAPS ama -24) 2.2 Ukukopa, ungezelele Ukukopa, ungezelele Qala amanothi weThemu yoku-1, kodwana ngezelela irherho leenomboro ukufika kuma- limfundo ezi-3 Amaphe- bewuhlathulule bewuhlathulule 200 theni Ukukopa, ungezelele Ukukopa, ungezelele weenom- bewuhlathulule bewuhlathulule boro ukulandelana ukulandelana kweenomboro ezilula kweenomboro ezilula ukufika okungasenani ukufika okungasenani ema-200. ema- 200. Tlama amaphetheni Ukulandelana angawakho kweenomboro kufanele Tlama amaphetheni kutjengise ukubala uye angawakho. phambili nemuva nga: • Ku-1 ukusuka kwenye nenye inomboro hlangana ne-0 na-200 • Li-10 ukusuka kesinye nesinye isibuyabuyelelo se-10 hlangana ne-0 na -200 • Ku-5 ukusuka kesinye nesinye isibuyabuyelelo saka ku-5 hlangana ne-0 na-200 • Ku-2 ukusuka kesinye nesinye isibuyabuyelelo saka ku- 2 hlangana ne -0 na-200 • Ku-3 ukusuka kesinye nesinye isibuyabuyelelo saka ku-3 hlangana ne -0 na-200 • Ku-4 ukusuka kesinye nesinye 333 isibuyabuyelelo saka ku-4 hlangana ne -0 na-200 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
IGREYIDI YESI-2 ITHEMU YESI-4 3. ISIKHALA NOBUJAMO (JIYOMETHRI) 334 UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-4 namaminithi ama -24) 3.2 Izinto Izinto Umqopho ophakanyisiweko weThemu yesi- 4 Isifundo esi-1 Izinto ezi- ezihlukahlukeneko ezihlukahlukeneko Umsebenzi uhlanganiswa ndawonye ngokwenza imisetjenzana etlolwako. busontathu Ukulemuka nokutjho Ukulemuka nokutjho (3-D) izinto ezibusontathu izinto ezibusontathu (3-D) ngetlasini (3-D) ngetlasini neenthombeni neenthombeni • Ubujamo bebholo, • Ubujamo bebholo, (iindulungu) (iindulungu) • Ubujamo bebhoksi (amaphrizimu) • Ubujamo bebhoksi (amaphrizimu) • amasilinda • amasilinda Amatshwayo wezinto Ukuhlathulula, Amatshwayo wezinto ukuhlela ngeengaba Ukuhlathulula, ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 nokumadanisa Izinto ukuhlela ngeengaba ezibusontathu (3-D) nokumadanisa Izinto ngokuqala okulandelako: ezibusontathu (3-D) • ubukhulu ngokuqala okulandelako: • izinto ezigedekako • ubukhulu • izinto ezitjhelelako • izinto ezigedekako Imisetjenzana • izinto ezitjhelelako enqotjhiweko Tjheja begodu wakhe izinto ezibusontathu • (3-D) onikelwe zona usebenzise izinto eziphathekako okufana nokusika ubujamo obubusobubili (2-D), amabhlogo wokwakha, izinto ezingabuye zisetjenziswe godu, amakhithi ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) wokwakha ,ezinye izinto zeJiyomethri ezibobusontath (3-D).
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-4 namaminithi CAPS ama -24) 3.3 Irherho lamajamo Irherho lamajamo Qala amanothi weThemu yesi-2. Iimfundo ezi-3 Ubujamo Ukulemuka nokutjho Ukulemuka nokutjho EThemini le ungazijayeza, ubuyekeze begodu uhlanganise ndawonye umsebenzi obubusobu- amajamo abobusobubili amajamo abobusobubili wamajamo abobusobubili (2-D). Kunqotjhiswe ekulemukeni nokutjho iindulungu, iinkwere, bili (2-D) (2-D) (2-D) aboncamane, naboncantathu begodu kukhulunywe ngokuthi amahlangothi wabo anqophile • iindulungu • iindulungu nofana aziindulungu na. Yenza imisebenzi ehlukileko kunaleyo eseThemini yesi- 2, kodwana nqophisa kumatshwayo wamajamo nama bizo wamajamo. • aboncantathu • aboncantathu • iinkwere • iinkwere • aboncamane • aboncamane Amatshwayo wamajamo Amatshwayo wamajamo Hlathulula , hlela Hlathulula , hlela ngemihlobo begodu ngemihlobo begodu umadanise amajamo umadanise amajamo abobusobubili (2-D) abobusobubili (2-D) ngokuqala lokhu: ngokuqala lokhu: • ubukhulu • ubukhulu • umbala • umbala • ubujamo • ubujamo • amahlangothi/ amaqadi • amahlangothi/ amaqadi anqophileko anqophileko • amahlangothi /amaqadi • amahlangothi /amaqadi aziindulungu aziindulungu 3.4 Isimethri Isimethri Qala amanothi we Themu yesi-2. Isifundo esi-1 Isimethri Ukukhumbula Ukukhumbula nokugwala umuda nokugwala umuda wesimethri ebujameni wesimethri ebujameni beJiyomethri beJiyomethri nalobo obungasi nalobo obungasi ngobeJiyomethri ngobeJiyomethri bamajamo wobusobubili bamajamo wobusobubili ( 2-D) ( 2-D) 335 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
IGREYIDI YESI-2 ITHEMU YESI-4 4. UKUMEDA 336 UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-4 namaminithi ama -24) 4.1 Ukutjho isikhathi Ukutjho isikhathi Abafundi baragela phambili ukuzijayeza ukukhuluma ngobude besikhathi begodu Isifundo esi-1 Isikhathi • Ukutjho begodu • Ukutjho isikhathi nangokulandelanisa isikhathi. ulandelanise ukufika e-irini le-12 Ngesikhathi sokufundisa itlasi loke nesikhathi sokufundisa ngeenqhema ezinqotjhiweko, amalanga weveke ngama-iri, ngesiquntu abafundi baragela phambili ngokukhuluma ngamalanga weveke, ngeenyanga zonyaka • Ukutjho begodu se-iri begodu begodu nangelanga lamhlokho, nangamalanga adlulileko begodu nangamalanga asezako. ulandelanise iinyanga nangekota ye-iri Abafundi bajayela amakhalenda ngokuragela phambili ngokubeka: zonyaka Ukubala ubude • amalanga wamabeletho; • Ukubeka amalanga nokudlula kwesikhathi • amafestivali wezekolo, wamabeletho, • Ukusebenzisa • iminyanya yezomlando, amafestivali wezekolo, amawatjhi ukubala • izehlakalo zesikolo; amaholideyi ubude besikhathi womphakathi, ngama-iri, ngesiquntu • amaholideyi womphakathi, ezisekhalendeni. iminyanya se-iri nofana ngekota Ukutjho isikhathi ngama-iri, isiquntu se-iri begodu nangekota ye-iri wezomlando, yama-iri. Ukutjho isikhathi ngama-iri, ngeenquntu zama-iri nangamakotara wama-iri ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 izehlakalo zesikolo Qala amanothi weThemu yesi-3 ezisekhalendeni. • Ukutjho isikhathi ukufika e-irini le-12 ngama-iri, ngesiquntu • se-iri begodu nangekota ye-iri Ukubala ubude besikhathi nokudlula kwesikhathi • Ukusebenzisa amakhalenda ukubala nokuhlathulula ubude besikhathi ngamalanga nofana ngeemveke. • Ukusebenzisa amawatjhi ukubala ubude besikhathi ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) ngama-iri, ngesiquntu se-iri nofana ngekotara yama-iri.
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-4 namaminithi CAPS ama -24) 4.2 Ukumeda Ukulinganisa, ukumeda, Ngikuphi okuhlukileko eThemini yoku-1? Isifundo esi-1 Ubude okungakahleleki ukumadanisa, ukuhlela EThemini yoku-1 kuphakanyiswe bonyana abafundi banqophe ekulinganiseni, ekumedeni, • Ukulinganisa, nokurekhoda ubude ekumadaniseni nekurekhodeni ubude, ububanzi, ukuphakama ngamayunithi angakahleleki ukumeda, ngokusebenzisa kodwana abafundi bathoma godu ukumeda ngamamitha. ukumadanisa, amamitha EThemini yesi-4 umnqopho ungaba sekulinganiseni, ekumedeni, ekumadaniseni ukuhlela, begodu (iintongamamitha nofana nekurekhodeni ubude, ukuphakama, ububanzi kurekhodwe ubungako, iintambo ezinobude bemitha) njengeyunithi ngamamitha ngokusebenzisa iimedo ezingakahleleki, ehlelekileko yobude. Qala amanothi weThemu yoku-1. Ukuhlanganisa kungaba ngendlela yemisebenzi isib. Ubude besandla, etlolwako. amagadango, ubude bamapensela, izinto zokubala, njll. • Ukuhlathulula ubude bezinto ngokubala begodu nokutjho bonyana zibubude bamayunithi angangani angakahleleki. • Ukusebenzisa ilimi ukukhuluma ngokumadanisa isib. ede khulu, efitjhani khulu, mude khulu, banzi khulu. Ukwethula ukumeda okuhlelekileko • Ukulinganisa, ukumeda, ukumadanisa, ukuhlela nokurekhoda ubude ngokusebenzisa amamitha (iintongamamitha nofana iintambo ezinobude bemitha) njengeyunithi 337 ehlelekileko yobude. ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 338 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-4 namaminithi ama -24) 4.3 Ukumeda Ethemini yesi-2 abafundi Isifundo esi-1 Ubungako/ okungakahleleki -- bameda ubungako obungakahleleki ngokusebenzisa isikala sokudzimelela; Ubudisi • Ukulinganisa, -- bahlela imikhiqizo ngokuya ngobungako obutlolwe ephaketheni; begodu ukumeda, -- bafunda iinkala zangendlini yokuhlambela ( iinkala zombili zamambala begodu ukumadanisa, neenthombe) ukuhlela, bekurekhodwe Qala amanothi aseThemini yesi-2 ubungako, EThemini yesi-4 abafundi bafanele bahlanganise amakghono wabo wokufunda iinkala ngokusetjenzisa zangendlini yokuhlambela begodu neenthombe zeenkala zangendlini yokuhlambela iimedo ezingakahleleki ezinekhilogremu eseduzana ezeleko. Ukuhlanganisa lokhu, kungaba ngendlela begodu nesikala yemisetjenzana etlolwako. sokudzimelela isib. Amabhlogo, iintina njll. • Ukusebenzisa ilimi ukukhuluma ngokumadanisa isib. elula,ebudisi, elula khulu, ebudisi-khulu ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 Ukwethula ukumeda Ukwethula ukumeda okuhlelekileko okuhlelekileko • Ukumadanisa, ukuhlela Abafundi batlola nokurekhoda ubungako amathaski ukuhlanganisa bezinto ezipakelwe okulandelako, ukufaka ukuthengiswa hlangana ukufunda ezinobungako iinthombe ze: obutjengiswe • mikhiqizo ezinobudisi ngamakhilogramu, isib. obutlolwe kizo amakhilogramu ama-2 wereyisi nekhilogramu • iinthombe zobudisi li-1 leflowuru eziseenkala zangendlini • Ukumeda ubungako yokuhlambela lapho babo ngokusebenzisa inalidi ikhomba isikala sokumeda ikhilogremu ezeleko. sangendlini yokuhlambela ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-4 namaminithi CAPS ama -24) 4.4 Ukumeda Ukwethulwa kokumeda Ngesikhathi sokusebenza ngokuzijamela abafundi bafanele baragele phambili: Isifundo si-1 Umthamo/ okungakahleleki okuhlelekileko -- Ukulinganisa nokumeda, ukumadanisa, ukuhlela begodu nokurekhoda ubungako Ivolumu • Ukulinganisa Abafundi benza beemumathi nofana ivolumu eseemumathini ngokusebenzisa iimedo ezingakahleleki. nokumeda; amathaski atlolwako Amaresibhi alandeleko, okufaka hlangana ukubhaga, abujamo obulisizo lapho abafundi Ukumadanisa nokuhlela ukuhlanganisa bangazijayeza ukumeda. Khetha amaresibhi lapho iintlabagelo zinikelwa ngamakopi, (isib. umthamo okulandelako, ukufaka amathispuni nofana amayunithi ahlelekileko; ongamumathwa hlangana ukufunda -- Ukumadanisa begodu nokuhlela umthamo wamabhodlelo ahlukahlukeneko begodu simumathi iinthombe izinto ezithengwa ngesitolo lapho ivolumu litlolwe emaphaketheni. nasizeleko) nofana • Zemikhiqizo -- Ukusebenzisa amabhodlela welitha li-1 nofana amajege welitha li-1 ukulinganisa ivolomu emumathini enobungako ngokusebenzisa nokumeda, ukumadanisa ukuhlela begodu nokurekhoda umthamo weemumathi nofana obutlolwe kizo ukuze ivolumu eliseemumathini zamalitha. iimedo ezingakahleleki zilandeleniswe kuhle isib. Iingobho Qala amanothi weThemu yesi- 3 namakopi. • Iinthombe zeenjege Abafundi bafanele banikelwe amathaski atlolwako ukuze bahlanganise okulandelako, • Ukuhlathulula lapho ivolumu iseduze okufaka hlangana ukufunda iinthombe: umthamo wesimumathi nenomboro elilitha eli-1 ngokubala nokutjho nofana amalitha ama-2 Zemikhiqizo enobungako obutlolwe kizo ukuze zilandeleniswe kuhle; begodu bonyana mangaki womuda wegradatjhini. • Iinthombe zeenjege lapho ivolumu iseduze nenomboro emeregiweko elilitha eli-1 nofana amayunithi amalitha ama-2 womuda onenomboro ezihlelekileko (umuda wegradetjhini). Kulindeleke bonyana angakahleleki angazalisa isimumathi, abafundi bafunde • Kulindeleke bonyana abafundi bafunde kwaphela inomboro eseduze nomuda isib. Ibhodlelo kwaphela kufikela onenomboro ehlelekileko. linobungako bamakopi emudeni wegradetjhini Bahlathulula ivolumu njengokuthi pheze /eduze kwe/okudlula lokho kancani/ khulu nofana ama-4 oseduzana. ncani/ nofana inomboro poro (yelitha) bafunda ejegeni Ukwethulwa kokumeda Bahlathulula ivolumu okuhlelekileko njengokuthi pheze, • Ukulinganisa, eduze /okunengana/ ukumeda; pheze kube/ nofana ukumadanisa ukuhlela inomboro poro (yelitha) nokurekhoda umthamo wezinto ngokumeda bafunda ejegeni ngamalitha. • Ukumadanisa, ukuhlela nokurekhoda umthamo wezinto ezipakelwe ukuthengiswa, ubungako bazo butlolwa ngamalitha, isib. Amalitha ama- 2 webisi, ilitha li-1 339 lesiselo esimakhaza, amalitha ama-5 wepende ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 340 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-4 namaminithi ama -24) 4.4 Ukumeda Ukwethulwa kokumeda Ukumeda umthamo njengobujamo bokurarulula imiraro neembalo Umthamo/ okungakahleleki okuhlelekileko Ngesikhathi esibekelwe Iinomboro, ama-Opheretjhini noBudlelwana, abafundi Ivolumu • Ukulinganisa Abafundi benza bangararulula imiraro esebenzisa ubujamo nokumeda; amathaski atlolwako Ukumeda okungakahleleki komthamo / ivolumu, isib. UGogo usebenzisa amakopi amabili Ukumadanisa nokuhlela ukuhlanganisa webisi ukwenza ipudinghi. Nakabuyelela iresibhi kabili uzokudinga ibisi elingangani? (isib. umthamo okulandelako, ukufaka bamalitha ongamumathwa hlangana ukufunda simumathi iinthombe Yelela irherho leenomboro ezifanele iThemu, nanyana imihlobo ehlukahlukeneko yemiraro. nasizeleko) nofana • Zemikhiqizo ivolomu emumathini enobungako ngokusebenzisa obutlolwe kizo ukuze iimedo ezingakahleleki zilandeleniswe kuhle isib. Iingobho namakopi. • Iinthombe zeenjege • Ukuhlathulula lapho ivolumu iseduze umthamo wesimumathi nenomboro elilitha eli-1 ngokubala nokutjho nofana amalitha ama-2 bonyana mangaki womuda wegradatjhini. amayunithi ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 Kulindeleke bonyana angakahleleki angazalisa isimumathi, abafundi bafunde isib. Ibhodlelo kwaphela kufikela linobungako bamakopi emudeni wegradetjhini ama-4 oseduzana. Ukwethulwa kokumeda Bahlathulula ivolumu okuhlelekileko njengokuthi pheze, • Ukulinganisa, eduze /okunengana/ ukumeda; pheze kube/ nofana ukumadanisa ukuhlela inomboro poro (yelitha) nokurekhoda umthamo wezinto ngokumeda bafunda ejegeni ngamalitha. • Ukumadanisa, ukuhlela nokurekhoda umthamo wezinto ezipakelwe ukuthengiswa, ubungako bazo butlolwa ngamalitha, isib. Amalitha ama- ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) 2 webisi, ilitha li-1 lesiselo esimakhaza, amalitha ama-5 wepende
IGREYIDI YESI-2 ITHEMU YESI-4 5. UKUPHATHA IDATHA CAPS UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-4 namaminithi ama -24) 5.4 Ukubuthelela begodu Ukubuthelela nokuhlela idatha begodu • Buthelela idatha nokuhlele ngetlasi nofana idatha isikolo ukwenzela ukuphendula imibuzo ebuzwa ngutitjhere. • Hlela idatha ngamathali 5.5 Jamisela idatha Jamisela Jamisela idatha ngegrafu idatha yeenthombe 5.6 Hlaziya begodu Hlaziya begodu Hlaziya begodu urhumutjhe idatha enikelweko. Isifundo si-1 Hlaziya urhumutjhe idatha urhumutjhe idatha Ngalesisikhathi sonyaka, abafundi kufanele bona sebawajayele amagrafu weenthombe. begodu Phendula imibuzo Hlaziya idatha esuselwe Kuphakanyiswe bonyana eThemini yesi-4 abafundi banqopha ekuhlaziyeni idatha. Nikela urhumutjhe ngedatha yegrafu eenjamelini ezinikelweko. abafundi idatha bonyana bahlaziye okungasenani igrafu yi-1yeenthombe. idatha yeenthombe. Abafundi kufanele baphendule imibuzo obabuza yona ngegrafu nethebula: Qala iThemu yoku-1 ukuthola imibuzo efaneleko ongayibuza. 341 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
3.5.3 Itlhadlhulo lokumumethweko eGreyidini yesi-3 342 IGREYIDI YESI-3 ITHEMU YOKU- 1 1. IINOMBORO, AMA-OPHARETJHINI NOBUDLELWANA Abafundi beGreyidi yesi 3 bazokuhlanganisa koke abakufunde eGreyidini yesi 2 begodu basebenzise amakghono lawo ukusebenza ngeenomboro ezihlangana kwe- nama Abafundi abaseGreyidini yesi -3, njenganje bazo: • Funda bebatlole iinomboro ematshwayweni nemagameni ukufika e- • Baragela phambili nokubona bebabeke iinomboro; • Basebenzisa ilwazi labo lobukhulu bedijithi ukuthola amakhulu, amatjhumi nemivo bebahlathulule nobudlelwana bazo; • Hlukanisa iinomboro zamadijithi amathathu, bazokusebenzisa ilwazi labo lobukhulo bedijithi ukumadanisa nokuhlela iinomboro begodu bafanele banikele iizathu zalokho abazikhethele khona; • Ragela phambili nokubala baye phambili nemva, kwanjesi ngamakhefu wangama nange kwanjesi bazokuthoma ukubona ubudlelwana obuphakathi kokubala ngaku - nanga ku ; • Kwazi ukubala izinto ezinengi ezibuthelelweko ngokuzibeka ngeenqhema. Njenganje, babala ngokuhlelekileko, ngokunembako bebakwazi ukunikela indlela yokuhlola umphumela; • Hlanganisa nokukhupha iinomboro ngehloko ukufika ema- ; • Sombulula imihlobo ehlukahlukeneko yemiraro begodu bazokufunda indlela yokuhlela iimpendulo zabo ezitloliweko ngendlela ehlelekileko; • Khetha itshwayo elifaneleko lokha basenza ukusombulula umraro osebujamweni; • Rekhoda ukubala kwabo ngokusebenzisa amatshwayo wokuhlanganisa (+), ukukhupha (-) ukulingana (=). Bangahlathulula iimpendulo zabo bebahlathulule iindlela zabo zokwenza; • Sebenza ngeendlela ezisemthethweni zokurekhoda ukubala ngokuhlanganisa nangokukhupha; isibonelo bazokuphula inomboro yinye nofana zimbili ukuhlanganisa nokukhupha; begodu ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 • Kghona ukukhetha emilandelaneni yamaqhinga wokusombulula umraro. Isibonelo ukukhupha: abafundi bazokwazi ukukhupha ngokubala uye phambili nofan emva. • Ikharikhyulami ilindele bonyana abafundi beGreyidi yesi-3 basebenzisa ama-apharathasi aphathekako ngokuphasi khulu ukujamisela ukuhlanganisa nokukhupha. Ekupheleni konyaka abafundi kufanele bonyana bakghone ukuhlanganisa nokukhupha kusetjenziswa iindlela yepensela nephepha. • Abafundi abangena eGreyidini yesi- 3 bafanele bakghone ukuzwisisa ubungako beenomboro nokuphula iinomboro ukuze bakwazi ukubala. Abafundi sebathoma ukuzwisisa ama- njengemivo ema- begodu nanjengamatjhumi ali- nemivo ebu- . Umfundi akasatlhogi ama-apharathasi aphathekako ukusiza ukuzwisisa lokhu. EGreyidini 3 abafundi bazokuragela phambili nokutlhoga amathuba wokuzijayeza ukuphula iinomboro ukwenzela ukuzwisisa ubungako beenomboro begodu nokusebenzisa ilwazi leli ukwenzela ukuphula iinomboro nakuhlanganiswako nalokha kukhutjhwa. ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi CAPS ama -24) 1.1 Ukubala izinto • Buthelela okungenani EGreyidini yesi-3 abafundi baragela phambili nokubala izintozangamalanga. Irherho Ukubala eziphathekako izinto ezi-200 lenomboro lizokukhula kufika e-1000 ekupheleni konyaka. Lokhu kutjho bonyana ukutjheja izinto Linganisa begodu ukulinganisa nokubala ngokuyelela kufanele kunikelwe imihlobo yama-apharathasi asetjenzisiweko: ubale izinto ngokuthembeka • Amabhlogo weDienes ngokuthembeka ukufika • Nikela ukulinganisa • Amakarada wobukhulu bedijithi e-1000. Amaqhinga okuzwakalako kwenani NgeThemu yokuthoma abafundi bazijayeza bebahlanganise izinto zokubala kufika ema- wokubuthelela lezinto ezingahlolwa 200. Umnqopho usekubutheleleni izinto. Abafundi bafanele babe nomuzwa oqinileko ayakhuthazwa. ngokubala ozokubangcono, urhelebhe khulu begodu kube msinyana ukubala ngeenqhema zangamatjhumi, ngamatjhumi amabili, ngamatjhumi amahlanu nangamakhulu kunokubala ngakunye. Bathoma ukubala ngamakhulu, ukuya phamblili nemva ngeThemu yokuthoma. Ukusekela ukubala okungakahlelwa, abafundi bangahlela izinto ngeenqhema zama-100. Isibonelo: Esinye nesinye isiqhema sibonisa ikhulu. Elke groep toon een honderd aan. 343 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 344 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) 1.1 Ukubala izinto • Buthelela okungenani NgeThemu le begodu nonyaka woke abafundi bafanele balemukiswe bonyana ukubala ` Ukubala eziphathekako izinto ezi-200 izinto kuzabasiza njani ekubaleni. izinto Linganisa begodu ukulinganisa nokubala Isibonelo: ubale izinto ngokuthembeka Ukubala izinto ngokuzihlukanisa zibe ziinqhema zangamatjhumi, ngama-20, ngama-50 ngokuthembeka ukufika • Nikela ukulinganisa nofana nangamakhulu kuzakuvumela abafundi bona bakwazi ukuphula iinomboro lokha e-1000. Amaqhinga okuzwakalako kwenani nabahlanganisako nofana bakhupha. Ukuhlanganisa ama- 362 + 527, abafundi bangaphula wokubuthelela lezinto ezingahlolwa iinomboro zibe ziingcezu zobukhulu bedijithi o.u ayakhuthazwa. ngokubala 362 + 527 = (300 + 60 + 2) + (500 + 20 + 7). Abafundi bangabala amakhulu woke ngombana bakwenzile lokhu nababala izinto ezibuthelelwe gamakhulu. Abafundi gadesi babala amatjhumi (bakwenzile lokho kusukela eGreyidini yoku-1) bese kuba mimivo. Abafundi bafanele bazwisise bonyana kungani bacitha isikhathi sabo ngokubala izinto. Ukuhlangana/hlobana kufanele kwenziwe kabanzi. NgeThemu le abafundi bangajamisela iinomboro ngokusebenzisa amabhlogo weDienes nofana amabhlogo anesisikelo setjhumi. Abafundi bawasebenzisile ama-apharathasi la eGreyidini yesi-2. ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 Abafundi bafanele bakghone ukuqedelela isitatimende esilandelako: Inani lamabhlogo anesisekelo setjhumi yi__________ Abafundi bangasebenzisa amakarada wobukhulu bedijithi ukubonisa ubukhulu belinye nelinye idijithi. Umnqopho wemihlobo yemisebenzi le, asikho ukubala izinto kwaphela: Ngesikhathi leso abafundi ba: ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) • Ukuzwisisa inanil edijithi • Ukuphula nokwakha iinomboro, begodu • Nokufunda amatshwayo weenomboro
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi CAPS ama -24) 1.2 Ukubala uye phambili Ukubala uye phambili Ngikuphi okuhlukileko eGreyidini yesi-2? Ukubala uye nemuva nga: nemuva nga: Abafundi babala ngama- 100 kokuthoma. Benza lokhu kufika ema-500. Abafundi batlhoga phambili • makhefu anqotjhiswe • makhefu anqotjhiswe isekelo lama apharathasi wamabhlogo anesisekelo setjhumi okufana ne : nemuva eGreyidini yesi-2 eGreyidini yesi-2 • Imincamo yokubala ngerherho leenomboro ngerherho leenomboro • Amabhlogo we Dienes eliphakamako kusukela eliphakamako. kunanyana ngiyiphi • Amanambalayini • ngama 100 ukufikela inomboro okungasenani ema- • Igridi yeenomboro • ngama- 20, 25, 500. Ukubala ngokweqa kufanele kuhlobaniswe nethebula yokubuyabuyelela. Ukubala ngaku -4 50,100 ukufikela kuzakusiza abafundi lokha ba: okungasenani e-1 000 • Ukune mu-1 ngu-4 • Abokune aba-2 bu-8 • Abokune aba-3 li-12 Ukubala ngokweqa godu kusekela ukuziwisisa ukubuyabuyelela begodu kuzokusiza abafundi nabaqedelela ukulandelana kweenomboro. 1.3 Ukubona, ukukhumbula Ukubona, ukukhumbula Ngikuphi okuhlukileko eGreyidini yesi-2? Amat- nokufunda iinomboro nokufunda iinomboro NgeThemu le abafundi bayabona, bafunde bebatlole amatshwayo weenomboro ukufika shwayo • Ukubona, • Ukubona, ema-500. Bafunda amagama weenomboro ukufika ema-250 bebatlole amagama weenom- ukukhumbula ukukhumbula weenomboro ukufika e-100 boro nokufunda nokufunda Ukufunda nokutlola amatshwayo weenomboro kuyajayezwa naku: namagama amatshwayo amatshwayo weenom- • kubalwa izinto wenomboro ukusuka wenomboro ukusuka boro eli- 0 ukufika e-1000 eli- 0 ukufika ema-500 • kubalwa ukuya phambili nemuva • Ukutlola amatshwayo • Ukutlola amatshwayo • kuqedelelwa ukulandelana kweenomboro; begodu weenomboro ukusuka weenomboro ukusuka • kuhlelwa begodu kumadaniswa iinomboro eli -0 ukufika e-1000 eli -0 ukufika ema- Kufanele kuyelelwe ukutjhiwo kweenomboro ngefanelo; umuntu ufanele “athi 323 • Ukubona, • Ukubona, njengokuthi makhulu amathathu namatjhumi amabili nantathu”, INGASI njenge “323” ukukhumbula ukukhumbula Nakutlolwa iinomboro ezinamadijithi amathathu, iinomboro eziphakathi kwe-100 ne 110; nokufunda amabizo nokufunda amabizo 200 nama 210; 300 nama 310; 400 nama 410, idijithi elisebujameni bamatjhumi lilize. wenomboro ukusuka wenomboro ukusuka Abanye abafundi bathola ubudisi bokutlola iinomboro lezi ngamatshwayolokha nabanikelwe eli-0 ukufika e-1000 eli-0 ukufika ema-250 inomboro ngamagama. • Ukutlola amabizo • Ukutlola amabizo Isibonelo: Kungahle kube budisi kabanye abafundi ukutlola ‘amakhulu amathathu nakune’ wenomboro ukusuka wenomboro ukusuka ngamatshwayo. Bangahle batlole 3004. Amakarada wobukhulu bedijithi aqakathekile eli- 0 ukufika e-1000 eli- 0 ukufika e khulukhulu ukusiza abafundi bazwisise bonyana bangajamiselela bunjani iinomboro lezi 345 ngefanelo. Abafundi kufanele godu banikelwe isikhathi esinengi sokuzijayeza ukutlola iinomboro lezi. ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 346 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) 1.4 Hlathulula, madanisa, Ukuhlathulula, Ngikuphi okuhlukileko eGreyidini yesi- 2? Hlathulula, begodu uhlele ukumadanisa NgeThemu le abafundi bahlanganisa ukuhlela nokumadanisa iinomboro ukufika ema-99 madanisa, iinomboro kufika ema- • nokuhlela iinomboro begodu kufanele bakghone ukunikela iinzathu zokobana kubayini enye inomboro iyikulu begodu 999 ukufika ema- 99 kunenye. Vumela abafundi bonyana basebenzise inambalayini, umkhondo wenomboro, uhlele Ukuhlathulula • Ukuhlathulula amagridi weenomboro nofana ilwazi labo lokuphula iinomboro ngamatjhumi nangemivo iinomboro nokumadanisa nokumadanisa ukutjhengisa ukuzwisisa kwabo. Lokha nabahlela iinomboro abafundi bafanele bakwazi • iinomboro ezipheleleko iinomboro ezipheleleko ukutjho bonyana kubayini inomboro iyikulu kunenye ngokusebenzisa ubungako bedijithi ukufika ema- 999, ukufika ema- 99, ukuzihlathulula bona ngokwabo. ngokusebenzisa ngokusebenzisa Isibonelo: okuncani kuna, okuncani kuna, Ama - mancani kunama - ngombana: okukhulu kuna, okukhulu kuna, Ngiyazi bonyana ne, begodu ne. Begodu ziinyanda ezintathu zangalitjhumi begodu ama- okunengi kuna, okunengi kuna, ziinyanda ezihlanu zangalitjhumi. Kuneenyanda ezinengi zamatjhumi ema-50 kunema -30. okuncani kuna begodu okuncani kuna begodu kulingana na. kulingana na. Ukusebenza ngeenomborosikhundla, ikhalenda ibalulekile ngombana ivumela umfundi bonyana akhulume ngelanga lama-23 nofana ilanga lama-31 lenyanga. • Ukuhlathulula • Ukuhlathulula nokuhlela iinomboro nokuhlela iinomboro Abafundi bafanele bazijayeze ukufunda nokutlola indlela erhunyeziweko. ezipheleleko ukufika ezipheleleko kufika ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 ema- 999, ukusuka ema- 99, kusukela kencani khulu ukufika kencani khulu kufikela kekulu khulu begodu kekulu khulu begodu ukusuka kekulu khulu nakusukela kekulu ukuya kencani khulu khulu ukuya kencani Sebenzisa iinomboro khulu sikhundla ukutjengisa Sebenzisa ukuhlela, indawo iinomborosikhundla namkha ubujamo ukutjengisa Sebenzisa, ukulandelana, indawo ufunde bewutlole namkha ubujamo iinomborosikhundla, Sebenzisa, okufaka hlangana indlela ufunde bewutlole erhunyeziweko kufikela iinomborosikhundla, ema-31 okufaka hlangana indlela erhunyeziweko ukufika ema-31 ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO CAPS : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) 1.5 Ukukhumbula Ukukhumbula Ngikuphi okuhlukileko eGreyidini yesi-2? Ubukhulu ubukhulu bedijithi ubukhulu bedijithi IThemu le imayelana nokuhlanganisa ukuzwisisa ubukhulu bedijithi obufundwe eGreyidini bedijithi eenomborweni eenomborweni 2. Abafundi baragela phambili nokwenza imihlobo efanako yemisetjenzana efana ezinamadijithi ezinamadijithi neyeGreyidini yesi-2 ngeThemu yesi-4: amathathu ukufika amathathu ukufika Ukuzwisisa nokusebenzisa ilwazi magama lobukhulu bedijithi: ema-999 ema-99 Ukusebenzisa, ukufunda nokuthoma ukutlola: • Ukukhumbula bonyana • Ukukhumbula bonyana Abokunye nofana imivo, amatjhumi, idijithi, inomboro enedijithi elilodwa, inomboro idijithi ngalinye lijamele idijithi ngalinye enamadijithi amabili.........ubukhulu bedijithi........ ini. lijameleni. Ukuphula iinomboro ezinamadijithi amabili zibe ziimbuyabuyeleli zamatjhumi • Ukuphula iinomboro • Ukuphula iinomboro nangakunye. zamadijithi amathathu zamadijithi amabili Abafundi bakghona ukuphula iinomboro nga: ukufika e-999 zibe ukufika ema-99 zibe Ubungako bamatjhumi nobungako bemivo isib. 73 = 70 + 3 (amakarada wobukhulu bedijithi zimbuyabuyeleli ze- zimbuyabuyeleli angabalisizo ukwenza lokhu) 100, iimbuyabuyeleli zetjhumi nangakunye. zamatjhumi Imbuyabuyelelo zamatjhumi nemivo isib. 73 = 7 yamatjhumi + 3 yemivo • Ukubona bewutjho nangakunye. Ukwakha iinomboro ezinamadijithi amabili ukusuka eengcenyeni zobukhulu bedijithi ubukhulu bedijithi lazo. • Ukubona bewutjho ngayinye. ubukhulu bedijithi Isibonelo ngayinye. Tlola inomboro: a) Amatjhumi asi-6 nemivo emi-3 _____________ b) Amatjhumi ama-2 nemivo emi-5 _____________ c) Amatjhumi ali-12 nemivo ebu-8 ____________ d) Amatjhumi ali-18 nemivo emi-4 _____________ Ukusebenzisa ama-apharathasi ukutjengisa ukuhlukaniswa kweenomboro: • I-Abhakhasi a) Tjengis amatjhumi ama-4 nemivo emi-5 ngokusebenzisa i-abhakhasi b) Tjengisa amatjhumi ama-47nemivo esi-6 ngokusebenzisa i-abhakhasi Amakarada wobukhulu bedijithi 347 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 348 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) 1.5 Ukukhumbula Ukukhumbula • Abafundi basebenzisa amakarada wobukhulu bedijithi ukubonisa iingcenye zenomboro. Ubukhulu ubukhulu bedijithi ubukhulu bedijithi Isibonelo: bedijithi eenomborweni eenomborweni ezinamadijithi ezinamadijithi Imihlobo yemibuzo elandelako ingabuzwa: amathathu ukufika amathathu ukufika -- Tjengisa bonyana idijithi bu-8 ema-28 lijamele ini? Begodu no ku-2 ujamele ini? ema-999 ema-99 -- Tjengisa bonyana ngiyiphi inomboro elingana nofana efana na: • Ukukhumbula bonyana • Ukukhumbula bonyana a) Amatjhumi asi-6 idijithi ngalinye lijamele idijithi ngalinye ini. lijameleni. b) Amatjhumi alithoba nemivo emithathu. • Ukuphula iinomboro • Ukuphula iinomboro c) Amatjhumi amahlanu nemivo elithoba. zamadijithi amathathu zamadijithi amabili ukufika e-999 zibe ukufika ema-99 zibe zimbuyabuyeleli ze- zimbuyabuyeleli 100, iimbuyabuyeleli zetjhumi nangakunye. zamatjhumi • Ukubona bewutjho nangakunye. ubukhulu bedijithi • Ukubona bewutjho ngayinye. ubukhulu bedijithi ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 ngayinye. UKURARULULA IMIRARO ESEBUJAMENI OBUTHIZE 1.6 Sebenzisa amathekiniki Sebenzisa amathekhniki Ngikuphi okuhlukileko eGreyidini yesi-2? Amathekini- alandelako ukurarulula alandelako ukurarulula Abafundi balindeleke bona bararulule imiraro yamagama ngokusebenzisa amathekiniki ki wokuraru- imiraro nokuhlathulula imiraro. alandelako: lula imiraro iinsombululo zemiraro: • Ukwakha nokuphula • Ukwakha nofana ukuphula iinomboro • Ukwakha nokuphula iinomboro • Ukubuyelela kabili nokuhafula phakathi iinomboro • Ukubuyelela kabili • Amanambalayini • Ukubuyelela kabili nokuhafula phakathi Ukugwala izinto ngayinye kufike ema-99 akusiwo umbono omuhle begodu kufanele nokuhafula phakathi • Amanambalayini ungakhuthazwa. Khuthaza ukungeniswa kwamatshwayo weenomboro ekurekhodeni • Amanambalayini kwabo, okufaka hlangana iinjamiselo zeenthombe. Abafundi begodu bangakhuthazwa • Ukutjhideza eduze bonyana batlole imitjho yeenomboro. ngamatjhumi Vumela abafundi bonyan bakhethe ithekniki leyo abazigedlileko ngayo. Irherho leenomboro nomhlobo womraro kuzakutjhobonyana ngiyiphi ithekniki ezokusetjenziswa. Nanyana kunjalo, lokha abafundi basebenzisa amathekiniki anagabarhelebhiko, kufanele balulekwe bonyana basebenzise iindlela zokwenza ezizabasiza. Ukwakha nokuphula ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) Le ngenye yamathekiniki aqakatheke khulu Esigabeni Esisisekelo. Ukusebenzisa ithekniki le kuvumela abafundi ukuhlukanisa (ukuphula) nokuhlanganisa iinomboro ukusiza ukwenza ukubala kubelula. Bazabe basebenzisa ithekniki le ngobunengi Esigabeni Esiphakathi nakhona.
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO CAPS : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) 1.6 Sebenzisa amathekiniki Sebenzisa amathekhniki Ukubuyelela kabili nokuhafula phakathi Amathekini- alandelako ukurarulula alandelako ukurarulula Ithekniki le isezingeni eliphezulu begodu ithloga umqondo weenomboro onamandla. ki wokuraru- imiraro nokuhlathulula imiraro. Abafundi abakghonako ukukhetha ithekniki le batjhaphulukile emaqhingeni lula imiraro iinsombululo zemiraro: • Ukwakha nokuphula abawasebenzisako. Ukwazi ukubuyelela kabili, kuzokuvumela abafundi ukusebenzisa • Ukwakha nokuphula iinomboro amaqhinga wokuseduze nokubuyelela kabili. iinomboro • Ukubuyelela kabili Isibonelo: • Ukubuyelela kabili nokuhafula phakathi Umraro wamagama: Ngelinye ilanga etlinigi bahlaba abantwana abama -45 umjovo nokuhafula phakathi • Amanambalayini womkhuhlani. Ngelanga elilandelako bajova abantwana abama-46. Bantwana abangaki • Amanambalayini abajovwako nasele baboke? • Ukutjhideza eduze Umraro ungasombululwa ngokusebenzisa ukubuyelela kabili. Umfundi angahle athi ngamatjhumi nowubuyelela kabili ama-45 bese uhlanganisa naku-1 nofana ukubuyelela ama-46 kabili bese ukhuphe1. Amanambalayini Ukusebenzisa amanambalayini ukwenzela ukubasiza ukubala azakunikela abafundi indlela yokurekhoda ukucabanga kwabo begodu balandelele umkhondo wokucabanga kwabo. Begodu kuvumela abafundi bonyana babe nomfanekiso wokurekhoda abangawusebenzisa ukuhlathulula bonyana bawusombulule bunjani umraro. Abafundi bebasebenzisa amanambalayini kusukela eGreyidini yoku-1. Abafundi bafanele bakghone ukwakha amanambalayini anganalitho lapho bafaka khona inomboro yokuthoma, bese bathole bonyana bangasuka bunjani enomborweni yinye ukuya kwenye. Isibonelo sokobana abafundi bangayisebenzisa bunjani inambalayini: Abantwana abama-23 bathatha ikhambo lesikolo namhlanjesi. Kusele abantwana abama-63 esikolweni. Bekunabantwana abangaki kwasekuthomeni?   +10   +10   +3   63   64   65   66   67   68   69   70   71   72   73   74   75   76   77   78   79   80   81   82   83   84   85   86   1.7 Rarulula imiraro Rarulula imiraro Iimbonelo zemiraro engenziwa ethemini le. Ukuh- yamagama yamagama Ethemini leli abafundi bahlanganisa umsebenzi owenziwa eGreyidini yesi-2. Qala amanothi langanisa ezisebujameni ezisebujameni wemihlobo yensombululo zemiraro eziseGreyidini yesi-2, Isahluko sesi-2. bewuhlathulule bewuhlathulule nokukhupha iinsombululo zakho iinsombululo zakho zemiraro ezifaka zemiraro ezifaka 349 ukuhlanganisa ukuhlanganisa nokukhupha nempendulo nokukhupha nempendulo ukufika e-999. ukufika e-99. ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 350 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) 1.8 Rarulula imiraro Rarulula imiraro Iimbonelo zemiraro engenziwa ethemini le. Ukuh- yamagama yamagama • Umakhi uthloga bonyana abeke amareyi asi-6 weentina zokupheyiva, kube neentina langanisa ezisebujameni ezisebujameni ezibu-8 kelinye nelinye ireyi. Uzokuthloga iintina ezingaki? okubuyele- bewuhlathulule bewuhlathulule • UMarilina unemigodla emi-4 yamaswidi. Umgodla ngamunye uphethe amaswidi asi-6. lweko iinsombululo zakho iinsombululo zakho Kunamaswidi amangaki nasele awoke? kurholela zemiraro, ezifaka zemiraro, ezifaka ukubuyabuyelela ukubuyabuyelela • Umma ufuna ukubhaga amakhekhe ali-12. Lokha ikhekhe elilodwa lifuna amaqanda ama- ekubuy- okunempendulo ufikela okunempendulo ufikela 2, umma kufanele athenge amaqanda amangaki? abuyeleleni e-100. e-50. • Lokha umfundi ngamunye afunda iincwadi ezi-3 ngoVelabahlinze, ziincwadi ezingaki ezingafundwa litlasi labantwana abama-20? Umhlobo womraro : Ukurhemisa • Isivande semirorho sinamareyi ali-12 weentjalo. Ireyi ngalinye lineentjalo ezili-7. Kuneentjalo ezingaki esivandeni? • Isivande semirorho sinamareyi ali-12 weentjalo. Elinye nelinye ireyi lineentjalo ezilinganako. Lokha kuneentjalo ezima-48 sezizoke, kuneentjalo ezingaki ereyini ngalinye? • Isivande semirorho sineetjalo ezima-48 ezitjalwe emareyini. Kuneentjalo ezili-7 ereyini ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 ngayinye. Kunamareyi amangaki nasele awoke? Ukusebenzisa ukubuyelela kabili ukusombulula imiraro • UJustini uneminyaka ebu-8 ubudala • Umfowabo omdala unobudala obubuyelwe kabili kunoJustini. • Uyise unobudala obubuyelelwe kane kunoJustini. • Ubamkhulu kaJustini mdala okubuyelelwe kabili kunoyise kaJustin. • Buyini ubudala bomunye nomunye? • Incwadi kaTjhepi inamakhasi ama-48 ubude. Sele asekhasini lama-26, ingabe sele afunde ngaphezulu kwengcenye yencwadi? EGreyidini yesi-3 abafundi balindeleke bonyana babone ukubuyabuyelela kweembalo zamagama. Abafundi kufanele bakhuthazwe bonyana basebenzise iinomboro nangeenthombe, kunokobanyana basebenzise ama-apharathasi nofana iinthombe ngokwabo. ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO CAPS : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) 1.9 Ukurarulula Ukurarulula NgeThemu le kuthulwa itshwayo lokuhlukanisa. Kuqakathekile bonyana abafundi bazwisise Ukubuthele- imiraro yamagama imiraro yamagama imiqondo elandelako yokuhlukanisa ngaphambi kobana kusetjenziswe itshwayo: la nok- ezisebujameni ezisebujameni Imiraro efaka hlangana ukwabelana kanengi imayelana no: wabelana bewuhlathulule bewuhlathulule Kwabelana ngokulinganako, begodu okurholela iinsombululo zakho iinsombululo zakho ufake ukwabelana ufake ukwabelana • Munye uthola okungangani? ekuhlu- kaniseni ngokulingana ngokulingana • Imiraro efaka hlangana ukwabelana kanengi imayelana : nokubuthelela nokubuthelela Ziinqhema ezingaki ezingenziwa? ngeenqhema ngeenqema • Iimbonelo zemiraro engenziwa ngeThemu le. kweenomboro kweenomboro ezipheleleko ukufika ezipheleleko ukufika • Lokha kunabafundi abama-44 nabotitjhere aba-3 bafanele baye ekhonsadini, kodwana e-100 kanye nempendulo e-50 kanye nempendulo iteksi ikhweza abantu abali-11 kwaphela, iteksi ezokubuyela kangaki ukuyothatha ezingahle zifake iinsalela ezingahle zifake iinsalela abafundi, ngaphambi kobana boke abafundi baphelele ekhonsadini? • UMongezi upaka izinto zokubala ezima-47 uzibeka ngamareyi ali-9. Kunezinto zokubala ezingaki ereyini? • Abantazana aba-35 bafuna ukudlala ibhola yezandla. Ziinqhema ezingaki ezinabantazana abali-7 ezingabakhona? • Linganisa maqangi: • Kuzokuba kunengi nofana kuncani kune-10? • Kuzokuba kunengi nofana kuncani kunama-20? • UMarlina uthenga amaswidi ama-44. Uwahlukanisa ngokulinganako emaphaketheni ama-4 azowathengisa. Kunamaswidi amangaki ngemgodleni? • UMarlina uthenga amaswidi ama-48. Ufuna ukuwahlukanisa ngemigodla enamaswidi asithandathu ngemgodleni ngamuny. Uthloga imigodla emingaki? 351 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 352 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) 1.10 Ukurarulula Ukurarulula EGreyidini yesi-2 abafundi bathulwe emafraktjhinini begodu; Ukwabelana bewuhlathulule bewuhlathulule • Babelana begodu babuthelela izinto ngokulinganako; okurholela iinsombululo zemiraro iinsombululo zemiraro • Batjho iingcenye zefraktjhini; emafrak- ephathekako efaka ephathekako efaka hlangana ukwabelana hlangana ukwabelana • Babona amafraktjhini ebujameni obuhlukeneko tjhinini. ngokulingana erholela ngokulingana erholela • Batlola amagama wamafraktjhini njenge 1 yesithathu, 1 yesihlanu empendulweni empendulweni • Ukuthola amafraktjhini wokupheleleko; begodu zamafraktjhini wohlavu zamafraktjhini wohlavu • Ukuthola amafraktjhini webuthelelo lezinto. olulodwa nalayo olulodwa nalayo angenahlavu eyodwa. angenahlavu eyodwa. Ngikuphi okuhlukileko kune Greyidini yesi- 2? 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 isib. 2 , 4 , 3 , 5 njll. isib. 2 , 4 , 3 , 5 njll. NgeThemu le, abafundi baragela phambili nokusenza ngamafraktjhini anehlavu elilodwa afana na: 1 isiquntu , 1 kokuthathu, 1 ikota, 1 kokuhlanu. Abafundi bathulwa emafraktjhinini anganahlavu elilodwa. Isib. 3 amakota nofana o 2 kokuthathu. Abafundi akutlhogeki bonyana basebenzise amagama athi anehlavu elilodwa nelithi anganahlavu elilodwa Iimbonelo zemiraro engenziwa ngeThemu le. ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 • Ukwabelana okurholela emafraktjhinini. Yabela abangani aba-3 iintina zetjhokolethi ezi-8 wenze bona boke bathole iintina ezilinganako zetjhokolethi begodu kungasali litho. • Ifraktjhini yebuthelelo a) Thola ikota e-1 yamaswidi ali-16. b) Amaswidi abu-8 alifraktjhini liphi lamaswidi ama-24? c) Ugogo unikela uKiki R12, uKiki ufuna ukonga okuthathu kwemali. ufanele onge malini? d) Umhlobo lo womraro ufanele ubuzwe ngemva kobana abafundi basombulule imiraro emine nofana emihlanu “yokwabelana, okurholela emafraktjhinini” babe bazi umhlobo namagama weengcezu zamafraktjhini. Ukutlola amafraktjhini Akuthlogeki bona abafundi batlole amatshwayo wamafraktjhini. Abafundi bafundile bonyana bangazilebula bunjani iingcenye zamafraktjhini njengo 1 kokuhlanu, 3 yamakota nofana 3 kokusithandathu. Lokhu kubasiza kokuthoma ngokuzwisisa bonyana amagama wamafraktjhini ahlathulula bonyana kuneengcezu ezingaki ezilinganako zokupheleleko. Isibonelo isiquntu, kokuthathu, ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) amakota njll. Kwesibili ziingcezu ezingaki ezitjhejwako, isib. 2 kokuthathu.
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO CAPS : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) 1.10 Ukurarulula Ukurarulula Ukujamiselela imiraro yamagama yamafraktjhini. Ukwabelana bewuhlathulule bewuhlathulule Abafundi bafanele bagwale iimpendulo zabo ukubonisa bonyana bayawuzwisisa umraro. okurholela iinsombululo zemiraro iinsombululo zemiraro Lindela bonyana abanye abafundi bangathala ifraktjhini ngendlela okungiyo kodwana emafrak- ephathekako efaka ephathekako efaka banganikeli igama ekungilo lengcenye yefraktjhini. Siza abafundi laba bonyana tjhinini. hlangana ukwabelana hlangana ukwabelana batjho ingcenye yefraktjhini ngendlela okungiyo (Qala amanothi ahlobana nokubizwa ngokulingana erholela ngokulingana erholela kwamafraktjhini angaphasi kobujamo obutjhaphulukileko bokubala) empendulweni empendulweni zamafraktjhini wohlavu zamafraktjhini wohlavu Abafundi bafanele batjho iingcezu ezabiweko ngokuzitlola njenge 2 yokuthathu. olulodwa nalayo olulodwa nalayo angenahlavu eyodwa. angenahlavu eyodwa. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 isib. 2 , 4 , 3 , 5 njll. isib. 2 , 4 , 3 , 5 njll. 1.11 • Ukukhumbula • Ukukhumbula NgeThemu le abafundi baragela phambili nokurarulula imiraro yemali. Imali nokubona iinhlavu nokubona iinhlavu Isibonelo: nemali yephepha nemali yephepha • Abafundi beGreyidi yesi-3 batlhoga R759 yekampa yetlasi. Babuthelele R250. yeSewula Afrika yeSewula Afrika Basatlhoga malini? • Sombulula imiraro • Sombulula imiraro • Tlola 325c ngamaranda namasende. yemali efaka hlangana yemali efaka hlangana amanani wemali amanani wemali • Ziindlela ezingaki ezihlukileko ongazenza ngazo i R400 usebenzisa imali yamaphepha netjhentjii ngamaranda netjhentjii ngamaranda kwaphela? Wazi bunjani bonyana unazo zoke iinsombululo? nofana ngamasende nofana ngamasende. • USiyabonga unehlavu le 50c neenhlamvu ezine za-20c. Amathofi abiza R1, 20. • Tjhugulula hlangana Uzokuthola itjhentjhi yamalini? namaranda • Nange itreksudu yesikolo ibiza R150, amatreksudu ama-2 azokubiza malini? namasende Imiraro yokuthenga nokuthengisa Isibonelo • Ugogo ka Pitrosi umnikele iR5. Ngimaphi amaswidi ama-3 angawathenga? Itjhoku tjhakile ibiza R2,70; amatjhapisi abiza R1,80; umzoka osiri R1,40; amaswidi weperegisi R1,60; amaminthi R2,20; ithofi libiza R1,20. • UDamon wathenga iincwadi ezintathu nge R80 incwadi ngayinye. Yimalini itjhentjhi azoyithola nange aphethe R300? • Amaphakethe wamaminti ama-5 abiza 44c ngalinye. Umnumzana King utlhoga 88 yamaminthi. Kufanele athenge amaphakethe amangaki? Uzokubhadela malini? 353 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 354 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) IIMBALO EZISEBUJAMENI OBUTJHAPHULUKILEKO 1.12 Sebenzisa amathekhniki Sebenzisa amathekhniki Amathekhniki la azokusetjenziswa kikho kokubili ekusombululeni imiraro nasekubaleni Amathek- alandelako lokha alandelako lokha okusebujameni obutjhaphulukileko: iniki nawenza ukubalisisa: nawuwenza ukubalisisa: Ukwakha nokuphula (iindlela • Ukwakha nokuphula • Ukwakha nokuphula Le ngenye yamathekhniki aqakatheke khulu eSigabeni eSisisekelo. Ukusetjenziswa zokwenza iinomboro iinomboro kwethekhniki le kuvumela abafundi ukuhlukanisa (ukuphula ) nokubuye bahlanganise namaqh- • Ukubuyelela kabili • Ukubuyelela kabili iinomboro ukubasiza ukwenza ukubala kubelula. Bazokusebenzisa ithekhniki le neSigabeni inga) nokuhafula phakathi nokuhafula phakathi eSiphakathi. Kuqakathekile bonyana abafundi basebenzisa ilwazi elaziwako nabaphula • Amanambalayini • Amanambalayini iinomboro. Isib. • Ukutjhideza eduze • Ukuphula ngokusebenzisa ubukhulu bedijithi kwetjhumi • Ukuphula ngokusetjenziswa ukubuyabuyelela kwe-10; begodu • Ukuphula ngokuya kwenomboro zangakubili (iimpara). Amanambalayini Abafundi bazokuragela phambili nokusebenzisa nokwakha amanambalayini okungewabo ukwezela ukubala. Kunekghonakalo yokobana inambalayini izokusetjenziswa kanengi ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 ekubaleni kokuhlanganisa nokukhupha. Ukuhlanganisa nokukhupha Abafundi bafanele bakhe inambalayini okungeyabo begodu baphule iinomboro ngeengcenye elawulekako. Isibonelo: 45 + 27 Inambalayini ifanele ithome ema-45 begodu abafundi bangatlama imeqo emi -2 yangali-10 begodu nomeqo owodwa otjengise uli-7. Ukubuyabuyelela Amanambalayini kufanele kuragelwe phambili nokuwasebenzisa ukusekela ukuhlanganisa okubuyelelako. Ukweqa okulinganako kurekhodwa enambalayini begodu imitjho esekelako nayo ingarekhodwa. ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO CAPS : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) 1.13 • Hlanganisa ukufika • Hlanganisa ukufika NgeThemu le abafundi bazijayeza beba hlanganise umsebenzi owenziwa eGreyidini yesi-2. Ukuh- ema-999 ema-99 Lokha abafundi: langanisa • Khupha ukusuka ema- • Khupha ukusuka ema- • Basebenza ngezinto zokubala ezihlukeneko kuphela; nokukhupha 999 99 • Gwala imifanekiso yanga 1 kwaphela; begodu • Sebenzisa • Sebenzisa amathswayo afaneleko amathswayo afaneleko • Bala koke ngaku-1 (+, –, =, ) (+, –, =, ) Lokha nawusebenza ngesamba esingaphezulu kwama-30, kubakhambisa buthaka, begodu • Ukuphrakhthisa • Ukuphrakhthisa kwandisa amathuba wabo wokwenza amaphutha wokubala. ukulumbana ukulumbana Lokhu kwenza kuqakatheke kibo ukuthuthukisa amaqhinga asiza khulu. Ukwakha kwenomboro ukufika kwenomboro ukufika nokuphula iinomboro kuba ngelinye lamaqhinga aqakathekileko abafundi abazo e-30 e-20 wasebenzisa ngeThemu le. Iindlela ezingakghonakala ukutjengisa ukubala kokuhlanganisa nokukhupha. Ukuphula inomboro ibe ziingcenye ezincani ukwenza ukubala kube lula. Abafundi bangahle baphule inomboro ngeendlela zabo ezilawulekako. Lokhu kutjho bonyana bazokwenza ngeendlela ezihlukileko. Ukusebenzisa ilwazi lobukhulu bedijithi ukuphula iinomboro zibe matjhumi nemivo • Ukuhlanganisa iinomboro zamadijithi amabili ngokuphula iinomboro zombili 43 + 36 =  43 + 36 = (40 + 3) + (30 + 6) = (40 + 30) + (3 + 6) = 70 + 9 = 79 • Ukuhlanganisa ngokuphula inomboro yinye 43 + 36 =  43 + (30 + 6) 43 + 30 → 73 + 6 = 79 • Ukuphula ngeeqhema zangalitjhumi 43 + 36 =  43 + (10 + 10 + 10 + 6) 43 + 10 → 53 + 10 → 63 + 10 → 73 + 6 = 79 355 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 356 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) 1.13 • Hlanganisa ukufika • Hlanganisa ukufika Ukukhupha Ukuh- ema-999 ema-99 • Ukukhupha ngokuphula iinomboro zombili langanisa • Khupha ukusuka ema- • Khupha ukusuka ema- 87– 56 =  nokukhupha 999 99 87– 56 = (80 + 7) – (50 + 6) • Sebenzisa • Sebenzisa amathswayo afaneleko amathswayo afaneleko = (80– 50) + (7– 6) (+, –, =, ) (+, –, =, ) = 30 + 1 • Ukuphrakhthisa • Ukuphrakhthisa = 31 ukulumbana ukulumbana • Ukukhupha ngokuphula inomboro yinye kwenomboro ukufika kwenomboro ukufika 87–56 =  e-30 e-20 87– (50 + 6) 87– 50 → 37 – 6 = 1 Lindela bonyana abanye abafundi bangaphula inomboro ngeendlela ezihlukileko ukwenza ukubala kubelula: • Ukuphula ngeeqhema zangalitjhumi ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 87– 56 =  87– (20 + 20 + 10 + 6) 87– 20 → 67–20 → 47– 10 → 37– 6 → 31 Ukusebenzisa ilwazi elidlulileko njengethekhniki • Ukusebenzisa ukuqunta phakathi ukuphula inomboro 69 + 12 69 + (6 + 6) 69 + 6 → 75 + 6 = 81 • Ukubala uye phambili nokuya emva 78 – 69 =  Ukubala ngakunye uye phezulu kusuka ema- 69 kuliqhinga elifaneleko ngombana iinomboro ziseduze enye kwenye. • Ukubona ukubuyelela kabili okuseduze 34 + 35 hlathulula bonyana kubuyelela kabili ama-34 hlanganisa naku- 1 nofana ukubuyelela kabili ama-35 ukhupha ku-1. ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) 34 + 35 + 1
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO CAPS : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) 1.13 • Hlanganisa ukufika • Hlanganisa ukufika Abafundi bangahle barekhode amaqhinga wabo ngokusenzisa inothetjheni yabotjhobi Ukuh- ema-999 ema-99 ukulandela ukubala kwabo langanisa • Khupha ukusuka ema- • Khupha ukusuka ema- 34 + (30 + 4) + 1 nokukhupha 999 99 34 + 30 → 64 + 4 → 68 + 1 → 69 • Sebenzisa • Sebenzisa • Ukutjhugulula inomboro ibe sibuyabuyelelo setjhumi bese bakhupha nofana bahlanganise amathswayo afaneleko amathswayo afaneleko imivo (+, –, =, ) (+, –, =, ) Ukubala uyephezulu nofana uye phasi eduze kwetjhumi • Ukuphrakhthisa • Ukuphrakhthisa ukulumbana ukulumbana 58 + 19 =  kwenomboro ukufika kwenomboro ukufika Lapha abafundi kufanele bonyana bazitjele bona banamathuba wokukhetha amabili. e-30 e-20 Ukutjhugulula ama-58 nofana i-19 eduze kwesibuyelelo se- 10. Ukuzikhethela kungekwabo. Isibalo singatlolwa bunjesi: 58 + 19 = 58 + 20 – 1 58 + 20 → 78 – 1 = 77 Abanye abafundi bangahle baphule ama-20 kube ziinqhema ezimbili ze-10 ngokunembako. Ukuzijayeza amabhondi ukufika ema-20 Amabhondi afika ema-20 kufanele enziwe ngokusebenzisa imihlohlobo yemifanekiso esekelelako. Ukuthuthukisa nokuzijayeza amakghono wokuhlanganisa nokukhupha Abafundi kufanele bazijayeza eminye imihlobo yokuhlanganisa namakghono wokukhupha. • Hlanganisa nofana ukhuphe inomboro ezinedijithi elilodwa kunanoma ngiziphi iinomboro ezinamadijithi amabili ngaphandle kokweqela ematjhumini: Isibonelo: a) 65 + 4 b) 89 – 3 • Ukuhlanganisa inomboro yedijithi elilodwa esibuyelelweni se-10. Isibonelo: a) 70 + 5 b) 90 + 3 • Ukukhupha inomboro yedijithi elilodwa esibuyelelweni se-10. Isibonelo: a) 80 – 6 357 b) 50 – 3 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 358 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) 1.13 • Hlanganisa ukufika • Hlanganisa ukufika • Ukuhlanganisa nofana ukukhupha i-10 kunanoma ngiyiphi inomboro enamadijithi amabili Ukuh- ema-999 ema-99 Isibonelo: langanisa • Khupha ukusuka ema- • Khupha ukusuka ema- nokukhupha 999 99 a) 56 + 10 • Sebenzisa • Sebenzisa b) 68 + 10 amathswayo afaneleko amathswayo afaneleko (+, –, =, ) (+, –, =, ) c) 79 – 10 • Ukuphrakhthisa • Ukuphrakhthisa ukulumbana ukulumbana d) 57 – 10 kwenomboro ukufika kwenomboro ukufika e-30 e-20 • Ukuhlanganisa nofana ukukhupha okukhamba ngakubili kwembuyeleli ze-10 ngaphandle kokweqela e-100. a) 40 + 30 b) 80 – 50 Ukuhlola umphumela wokubalisisa ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 Ukujaja ngokuzwakalako iinsombululo. Abafundi bafanele babandulwe ngokujaja okuzwakalako iinsombululo. Enye yeendlela yokwenza lokho kulinganisa iimpendulo zabo ngaphambili kokubala. Lokha uhlanganisa iinomboro ezimbili ezitjhideleneko enye kenye isib. 45 na 46, abafundi bangasebenzisa ukubuyelela kabili njengendlela yokulinganisa iimpendulo zabo. Ukuhlola iinsombululo Abafundi bafanele bazi bonyana banga: • hlola isibalo sokuhlanganisa ngokukhupha. Isibonelo: nange 36 + 18 = 54; bese 54- 18 = 36 • hlola isibalo sokukhupha ngokuhlanganisa Isibonelo 84- 48 = 36, bese 36 + 48 = 84 Ukusebenzisa itshwayo lokubala lokuphekguka ukuhlola iinsombululo kungesinye isizathu sokufundisa ukuhlanganisa nokukhupha ngokuhlangeneko. ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO CAPS : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) 1.14 • Buyabuyelela • Buyabuyelela EGreyidini yesi -2 abafundi babuyabuyelele iinomboro kusuka ku- kuya e- nga na ukufika Ukuh- iinomboro ukusuka iinomboro ukusuka-1 ema- . Bathulwa etshwayweni begodu balisebenzise emitjhweni yeenomboro. langanisa ku-1 ukufika e-10 ukufika e-10 ngaku 2, Abafundi eGreyidini yesi-3 bafanele baragele phambili nokuzijayeza bebasebenzise ilimi okubuyele- ngaku 2, 3, 4, 5, 10 5, 3, 4 lokubuyabuyelela eensombululweni eziphathekako, ukubuyelela kabili, kabili, buyabuyelela, lweko ukufika enanini lama- • Sebenzisa ukubuyabuyelela nga, okunengi kwa, iinqhema zaku, buyelela, ukubuyelela kathathu okurholela 99 amatshwayo afaneleko ngokunengi. ekubuy- • Sebenzisa (x, =, ) Ilimi nalo kufanele lisetjenziswe nakwenziwa ukubalisisa okubuyabuyelelako. NgeThemu le abuyeleleni amatshwayo afaneleko abafundi bazobe bathoma ukubuyabuyelela ngakuthathu. (x, =, ) Abafundi abangena eGreyidiniyesi-3 bafanele bakghone ukujamiselela ukuhlanganisa okubuyelelweko basebenzisa itshwayo lokubuyabuyelela. Abafundi bakghona ukuhlathulula ukubuyabuyelela ngendlela ezihlukileko. Bazwisisa bonyana iinqhema ezi- 3 zezinto ezisi- 6 nofana iinqhema ezi-3 zika-6 zingatlolwa njenge 6 + 6 + 6. Kunokuzwisisa bonyana ukubuyabuyelela uku-3 kasi -6 kungatlolwa njenge Ilwazi leli liragela phambili nokuthuthukiswa eGreyidini yesi-3. Abafundi bazokuragela phambili ukusebenzisa ama-apharathasi aphathekako, ukurhemisa nenambalayini ukuzwisisa nokujamiselela ukubuyabuyelela. Kusuka eGreyidini yesi - 3 abafundi kufanele balemuka bonyana ukubuyabuyelela kungenziwa nanyana ngayiphi indlela. Isibonelo: Abafundi bafanele bakghone ukuzwisisa begodu batlole okulandelako: 3 × 10 =  10 × 3 =  30 = 10 ×  30 = 3 ×  Iintatimende ezingehla kufanele zisekelwe ngokusebenzisa imifanekiso evamileko evumela abafundi bonyana babone bona u 3 × 10 ne 10 × 3 no kunikela ipendulo efanako. Isibonelo:   and ne 359 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 360 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) 1.14 • Buyabuyelela • Buyabuyelela Ekupheleni kweThemu abafundi bafanele bathome ukuzwisisa bonyana ukubuyabuyelela Ukuh- iinomboro ukusuka iinomboro ukusuka-1 kungenziwa nanyana ngayiphi indlela. Umqondo lo ufanele uragele phambili nokujayezwa langanisa ku-1 ukufika e-10 ukufika e-10 ngaku 2, unyaka woke. okubuyele- ngaku 2, 3, 4, 5, 10 5, 3, 4 Abafundi bangasebenzisa itjhadinaneko ukurekhoda amaphuzu wokubuyabuyelela. lweko ukufika enanini lama- • Sebenzisa Isibonelo okurholela 99 amatshwayo afaneleko ekubuy- • Sebenzisa (x, =, ) okungeniswako   Input umphumela Output abuyeleleni amatshwayo afaneleko 1 umthetho Rule (x, =, ) 3 5 7 ×  !     9 1.15 • Hlukanisa iinomboro • Hlukanisa iinomboro Itshwayo lokkuhlukanisa lithulwa eGreyidini yesi-3. Eminyakeni emibili umqondo Ukuhlu- ukufika ema-99 ngaku- ukufika ema-50 ngaku- wokwabelana nokubithelela bayijayezwa kwanjesi sekusikhathi sokuhlanganisa/ kanisa 2, 2, sokuhlobanisa imiqondo emibili le. Itshwayo lokuhlukanisa lingaziswa/lingathulwa abafundi nabenza imiraro yamagama. Ukwaziswa/ukwethulwa kwetshwayo kungasekelwa ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 • Sebenzisa • Sebenzisa ngemifanekiso engenzasi elandelako. Kuqakathekile ukusebenzisa imifanekiso amatshwayo afaneleko amatshwayo afaneleko ejayelekileko. (÷,=, ) (÷,=, ) Isibonelo: za 3 kukunikela 4 12 ubuthelelwe iinqhema ezi- 4 kukunikela 3 12 groupediinqhema   12 ubuthelelwe into 3s give 4 groups 12 grouped into 4s gives 3 groups yeenqhema yeenqhema     3 × 4 = 12 4 12 ahlukaniselwa 12 shared aba-3 kunikela between 3 gives 4oku-4 each 12 shared between 4 gives 3 each ngamunye 12 ahlukaniselwa 4 kukunikela 3 ngamunye !  ×  !   × 3 ==12  !"   !  ×  !   =  !"   4 x 3 = 12 ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)   i-12  lihlukaniselwa aba-4 kunikela oku-3 ngamunye 12 ÷ 3 = 4: Kutjho bonyana 12 abuthelelwe ngaku- 3 kukunikela iinqhema ezi-4 begodu i-12 nalabiwa hlangana naba- 3 kukunikela iinqhema ezi-4 ngasinye.
UBUDE IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu KONYAKA CAPS namaminithi YOKU-1 ama -24) 1.16 Umnqopho wenomboro: Umnqopho wenomboro: Amaqhinga wokubala, umqondo wenomboro, ilwazi nokwazi amaphuzu wenomboro Iimbalo irherho 999 irherho 200 athuthukiswe ngokusombulula umraro nokubalisisa. Lokhu kujayezwa ngesikhathi zehloko • Hlela isede enikelweko • Hlela isede sezembalo zehloko. Lokho kusiza abafundi bonyana bazijayeze zona bebakghone yeenomboro ezikhethiweko onikelweyona ukuzisebenzisa ngobulula nababalako begodu basomulula imiraro esebujameni. • Madanisa iinomboro kufika yeenomboro NgeThemu leli abafundi baragela phambili nekghono lokusebenza batjhaphulukile ema-999 begodu utjho ezikhethiweko ngeenomboro. Amaqhinga wokubala ngehloko lawe abafundi abawathuthukisako bonyana ngiyiphi enengi • Madanisa iinomboro azabasiza ngokubala okutloliweko begodu kuzokusiza abafundi lokha nabalinganisa. nofana encani nga-1, 2, 3, ukufika ema-200 4, 5 ne-10. begodu utjho bonyana Iimbonelo zemibuzo engabuzwa: Ukukhumbula masinyana: ngiyiphi enengi nofana Umqondo wenomboro: encani nga-1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Amagama weenomboro namatshwayo • Amaphuzu wokuhlanganisa ne-10 nawokukhupha kufika Phakamisa ikarada nofana tlola phasi igama lenomboro. Khetha umfundi bonyana ema- 20 Ukukhumbula atlole inumerali emetjhako. masinyana: • Hlanganisa nofana Ukunengi nofana okuncani ukhuphe imbuyeleli ze-10 • Ukukhumbula kusuka e-0 kufika e-100 amaphuzu Khuyini wokuhlanganisa • Okuncani ema-200 ngaku-1 • Amaphuzu nowokukhupha kufika wokubuyabuyelela ema- 20 • Okunengi e-199 ngalu-1 nowokuhlukanisa we : • Okunengi e-102 ngaku-2 • Hlanganisa nofana • thebula laku-2 kufika ku ukhuphe imbuyeleli • Okuncani e-105 ngaku-2 • thebula le-10 kufika e- ze-10 kusuka e-0 kufika • Okunengi ema-77 ngaku-3 Amaqhinga wokubala e-100 • Okuncani ema-51 ngaku-3 Ukusebenzisa amaqhinga Amaqhinga wembalo wokubala alandelako : zehloko • Okunengi ema-68 ngaku-4 • Beka inomboro ekulu Ukusebenzisa amaqhinga • Okuncani e-167 ngaku-4 maqangi ukwenzela wokubala: • Okunengi e-129 ngaku-5 ukubala uye phambili • Beka inomboro ekulu • Okuncani e-185 ngaku-5 nofana ubale uye emuva maqangi ukuwenzela • Inambalayini. ukubala uye phambili • Okunengi ema-90 nge-10 • Ukubuyelela kabili nofana ubale uye • Okuncani e-160 nge-10 nokuhafulaphakathi emuva. Ngiliphi iledere lesi-5 lama -alfabethi? • Ukwakha nokuphula • Inambalayini. Ngiyiphi inyanga ye-9 yonyaka? • Ukusebenzisa ubudlelwano • Ukubuyelela kabili nokuhafulaphakathi Ukuhlela nokumadanisa phakathi kokuhlanganisa nokukhupha • Ukwakha nokuphula Ngikuphi okunengi: 21 nofana i-171? • Ukusebenzisa ubudlelwano • Ukusebenzisa Nginikela inomboro ehlangana i-154 ne -159. 361 phakathi kokubuyabuyelela ubudlelwano phakathi nokuhlukanisa kokuhlanganisa nokukhupha ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA 362 IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu KONYAKA namaminithi YOKU-1 ama -24) 1.16 Umnqopho wenomboro: Umnqopho wenomboro: Ukukhumbula ngokurhabako Iimbalo irherho 999 irherho 200 Amaphuzu wokuhlanganisa nokukhupha: zehloko • Hlela isede enikelweko • Hlela isede • Ukwazi ngenhloko koke ukuhlanganisa nokukhupha kokulumbana kweenomboro yeenomboro ezikhethiweko onikelweyona ukufika e-20 • Madanisa iinomboro kufika yeenomboro ema-999 begodu utjho ezikhethiweko Isibonelo bonyana ngiyiphi enengi • Madanisa iinomboro a) __________+  = 20 nofana encani nga-1, 2, 3, ukufika ema-200 b) __________+  = 16 4, 5 ne-10. begodu utjho bonyana Hlanganisa begodu ukhuphe amaphuzu wazozoke iinomboro ukufika nokufaka Ukukhumbula masinyana: ngiyiphi enengi nofana hlangana nama-20 encani nga-1, 2, 3, 4, 5 • Amaphuzu wokuhlanganisa ne-10 Iimbonelo nawokukhupha kufika ema- 20 Ukukhumbula a) 1 + 11 = 12 b) 18 – 4 = 14 masinyana: • Hlanganisa nofana c) 11 + 1 = 12 d) 18 – 14 = 4 ukhuphe imbuyeleli ze-10 • Ukukhumbula kusuka e-0 kufika e-100 amaphuzu e) 2 + 10 = 12 f) 18 – 5 = 13 wokuhlanganisa g) 10 + 2 = 12 h) 18 – 13 = 5 • Amaphuzu nowokukhupha kufika ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 wokubuyabuyelela ema- 20 i) 3 + 9 = 12 j) 18 – 6 = 12 nowokuhlukanisa we : • Hlanganisa nofana k) 9 + 3 = 12 l) 18 – 12 = 6 • thebula laku-2 kufika ku ukhuphe imbuyeleli Ukukhumbula ngokurhabako ukuhlanganisa okubuyelela kabili ukufika ema-. Lokhu • thebula le-10 kufika e- ze-10 kusuka e-0 kufika kufanelekufake hlangana amaphuzu akhambelanako wokukhupha. Amaqhinga wokubala e-100 Iimbonelo: Ukusebenzisa amaqhinga Amaqhinga wembalo wokubala alandelako : zehloko a) 1+1=2 b) 6 + 6 = 12 • Beka inomboro ekulu Ukusebenzisa amaqhinga c) 2+2=4 d) 7 + 7 = 14 maqangi ukwenzela wokubala: ukubala uye phambili e) 3+3=6 f) 8 + 8 = 16 • Beka inomboro ekulu nofana ubale uye emuva maqangi ukuwenzela g) 4+4=8 h) 9 + 9 = 18 • Inambalayini. ukubala uye phambili i) 5 + 5 = 10 j) 10 + 10 = 20 • Ukubuyelela kabili nofana ubale uye emuva. Iimbonelo: nokuhafulaphakathi • Inambalayini. Ngitjengisa inomboro okufanele uyihlanganise no.... ukukunikela inani lama-( • Ukwakha nokuphula • Ukubuyelela kabili ngokutlola phasi nofana ukusebenzisa ubukhulu bedijithi nofana amaFlardi karada) • Ukusebenzisa ubudlelwano nokuhafulaphakathi a) 8 phakathi kokuhlanganisa nokukhupha • Ukwakha nokuphula b) 2 ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) • Ukusebenzisa ubudlelwano • Ukusebenzisa c) 9 phakathi kokubuyabuyelela ubudlelwano phakathi d) 15 nokuhlukanisa kokuhlanganisa e) 3 nokukhupha
UBUDE IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu KONYAKA CAPS namaminithi YOKU-1 ama -24) 1.16 Umnqopho wenomboro: Umnqopho wenomboro: Iimbonelo: Iimbalo irherho 999 irherho 200 Ngitjengise inomboro ezokusala lokha u_________akhutjhwa ema-20 ( ngokutlola zehloko • Hlela isede enikelweko • Hlela isede phasi nofana ukusebenzisa ubukhulu bedijithi nofana amaFlardi karada ) yeenomboro ezikhethiweko onikelweyona • Madanisa iinomboro kufika yeenomboro a) 5 ema-999 begodu utjho ezikhethiweko b) 18 bonyana ngiyiphi enengi • Madanisa iinomboro nofana encani nga-1, 2, 3, ukufika ema-200 c) 0 4, 5 ne-10. begodu utjho bonyana ngiyiphi enengi nofana d) 14 Ukukhumbula masinyana: encani nga-1, 2, 3, 4, 5 e) 7 • Amaphuzu wokuhlanganisa ne-10 nawokukhupha kufika Ukukhumbula Hlanganisa nofana ukhuphe imbuyabuyeleli ze-10 kusuka e-100 ema- 20 masinyana: Iimbonelo: • Hlanganisa nofana ukhuphe imbuyeleli ze-10 • Ukukhumbula amaphuzu a) Yitjho bonyana magadango amangaki okufanele athathwe enambalayinini kusuka e-0 kufika e-100 wokuhlanganisa ukusuka ema-30 ukuya e-100 nofana kusuka e-100 ukuya ema-50. • Amaphuzu nowokukhupha kufika wokubuyabuyelela b) Thola amakarada amabili enza i-100 ema- 20 nowokuhlukanisa we : • Hlanganisa nofana c) Faka iinomboro ngemabhokhsini zenze i-100: • thebula laku-2 kufika ku ukhuphe imbuyeleli • thebula le-10 kufika e-  + 70 = 100 ze-10 kusuka e-0 kufika Amaqhinga wokubala e-100 20 +  = 100 Ukusebenzisa amaqhinga Amaqhinga wembalo 100 –  = 90 wokubala alandelako : zehloko • Beka inomboro ekulu Ukusebenzisa amaqhinga 100 – 40 =  maqangi ukwenzela wokubala: Amaqhinga wokubalisisa: ukubala uye phambili • Beka inomboro ekulu nofana ubale uye emuva maqangi ukuwenzela Sebenzisa amaqhinga wokubala ukuhlanganisa nokukhupha ngokuphumelela. • Inambalayini. ukubala uye phambili Hlanganisa iinomboro ezimbalwa ngokusebenzisa amaqhinga afana nokuthi: • Ukubuyelela kabili nofana ubale uye nokuhafulaphakathi emuva. • Funa iinomboro ezimbili ezenza i-10 begodu usebenzise zona kokuthoma • Ukwakha nokuphula • Inambalayini. 2+7+8 • Ukusebenzisa ubudlelwano • Ukubuyelela kabili nokuhafulaphakathi 2 + 8 kwenza 10 bese uhlanganise ne- 7 phakathi kokuhlanganisa nokukhupha • Ukwakha nokuphula • Beka inomboro ekulu kokuthoma ukwenzela bona ukwazi ukubala uye phambili • Ukusebenzisa ubudlelwano • Ukusebenzisa nofana ubale uye emva. 363 phakathi kokubuyabuyelela ubudlelwano phakathi nokuhlukanisa kokuhlanganisa 5 + 15 nokukhupha Ukutjho godu umutjho wenomboro: 15 + 5 nokubala uye phambili ukufika ema- 20 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA 364 IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu KONYAKA namaminithi YOKU-1 ama -24) 1.16 Umnqopho wenomboro: Umnqopho wenomboro: • Tjhugulula inomboro ibe li-10 bese ukhuphe nofana uhlanganise na-1 Iimbalo irherho 999 irherho 200 Isibonelo: zehloko • Hlela isede enikelweko • Hlela isede 8 + 9 = 17 bese uhlathulule bonyana umuntu angenza 8 + 9 = 8 + 10 – 1 yeenomboro ezikhethiweko onikelweyona yeenomboro 6 + 11 = 17 uhlathulule bonyana umuntu angenza 6 + 10 + 1 • Madanisa iinomboro kufika ema-999 begodu utjho ezikhethiweko 17 – 9 = 8 uhlathulule bonyana umuntu angenza 17 – 10 + 1 bonyana ngiyiphi enengi • Madanisa iinomboro • Ukuphula inomboro ibe ziingcenye bese uyahlanganisa nofana encani nga-1, 2, 3, ukufika ema-200 4, 5 ne-10. begodu utjho bonyana Ukwakha nokuphula iinomboro Ukukhumbula masinyana: ngiyiphi enengi nofana Ukuragela phambili nokuphula iinomboro zibe ziingcezu ezincani encani nga-1, 2, 3, 4, 5 8 + 12 = 8+ (10+2) • Amaphuzu wokuhlanganisa ne-10 nawokukhupha kufika ema- 20 Ukukhumbula = 8 + 2 + 10 masinyana: • Hlanganisa nofana • Ukukhumbula = 10 + 10 ukhuphe imbuyeleli ze-10 kusuka e-0 kufika e-100 amaphuzu wokuhlanganisa = 20 • Amaphuzu nowokukhupha kufika ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 wokubuyabuyelela ema- 20 • Ukusebenzisa ukubuyelela kabili njengeqhinga lokubala ngehloko nowokuhlukanisa we : Ukubona ukubuyelela kabili okuseduze • Hlanganisa nofana • thebula laku-2 kufika ku ukhuphe imbuyeleli Isibonelo: • thebula le-10 kufika e- ze-10 kusuka e-0 kufika 5 + 6 = 11 hlathulula bonyana kukubuyelela kabili uku- uhlanganise naku- nofana Amaqhinga wokubala e-100 kukubuyelela kabili isi- 6 ukhuphe ku- Ukusebenzisa amaqhinga Amaqhinga wembalo zehloko Ukubona bonyana lokha iinomboro ezimbili zitjhidelene enye kenye ngesayizi lokho wokubala alandelako : kwenza kube lula ukufunyana umehluko ngokubala uye phambili ungabali uye emuva. • Beka inomboro ekulu Ukusebenzisa amaqhinga maqangi ukwenzela wokubala: 15 - 11 = 4 begodu uhlathulule bonyana ukubala uye phambili kusuka e- ukuya ukubala uye phambili • Beka inomboro ekulu kukunikela nofana ubale uye emuva maqangi ukuwenzela Ezinye iimbalo zehloko zingenziwa ngaphandle kwama-apharathasi, kodwana • Inambalayini. ukubala uye phambili kuyasiza ukwenza iimbalo zehloko ngokusebenzisa ama-apharathasi. • Ukubuyelela kabili nofana ubale uye Ama-apharathasi aphakamisiweko nokuhafulaphakathi emuva. • Inambalayini (ehlelekileko begodu engenalitho) • Ukwakha nokuphula • Inambalayini. • Igridi yeenomboro • Ukusebenzisa ubudlelwano • Ukubuyelela kabili nokuhafulaphakathi • Amakarada wobukhulu bedijithi (amaflardi karada) phakathi kokuhlanganisa nokukhupha • Ukwakha nokuphula • Umncamo wokubala. ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) • Ukusebenzisa ubudlelwano • Ukusebenzisa phakathi kokubuyabuyelela ubudlelwano phakathi nokuhlukanisa kokuhlanganisa nokukhupha
UBUDE IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu KONYAKA CAPS namaminithi YOKU-1 ama -24) 1.17 • Sebenzisa begodu • Sebenzisa begodu utjho EGreyidini yesi-2 abafundi bathulwa emafraktjhinini. Ba: Amafrak- utjho amafraktjhini amafraktjhini ebujameni • belana begodu babuthelela izinto ngokulinganako; tjhini ebujameni obujayelekileko obujayelekileko • tjho iingcezu zamafraktjhini ebujameni obunehlavu elilodwa; afaka hlangana afaka hlangana amahafu, iinkotara, amahafu, iinkotara, • bona amafraktjhini ebujameni obuhlukeneko; kobunani, kobuthathu, kobunane, kobuthathu, • tlola amagama wefraktjhini njenge 1 yokuthathu, 1 yokuhlanu; kwesithandathu, kwesithandathu, • thola ifraktjhini wezinto ezipheleleko ; begodu kwesihlanu kwesihlanu. • thola amafraktjhini wezinto ezibuthelelweko • Ukukhumbula amafraktjhini • Ukukhumbula NgeThemu le abafundi bathulwa emafraktjhinini anganahlavu elilodwa, isib. Amakotara asebujameni bedayagramu amafraktjhini ama -3 nofana ku-2 kokuthathu. Baragela phambili ngokusebenzisa ngamafraktjhini • Ukuthoma ukukhumbula asebujameni anehlavu elilodwa. Basenza godu ngokobunane nokwesithandathu. bonyana amahafu bedayagramu Iimbonelo zemibuzo: amabili nofana ubuthathu • Ukuthoma obuthathu benza kunye ukukhumbula bonyana Ubujamo ngabunye buhlukaniswe izingcezu/iingcenye ezingaki ezilinganako? okupheleleko, ingcenye amahafu amabili Ngiyiphi ifraktjhini/ingcenye yobujamo ngabunye ehlikihliweko yinye yehafu neenkotara nofana ubuthathu Ngiyiphi ifraktjhini/ ingcenye yobujamo ngabunye engakahlikihlwa? ezimbili ziyalingana obuthathu benza • Tlola amafraktjhini njenge, kunye okupheleleko, A. 1- yehafu, 2-kokuthathu ingcenye yinye yehafu neenkotara ezimbili ziyalingana B C D Abafundi bafanele banikelwe ithuba lokufaka umbala/lokuhlikihla ubujamo bona ngokwabo 365 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA 366 IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu KONYAKA namaminithi YOKU-1 ama -24) 1.17 • Sebenzisa begodu • Sebenzisa begodu utjho Isibonelo: Amafrak- utjho amafraktjhini amafraktjhini ebujameni Hlikihla oku-2 kokuthathu bobujamo lobu tjhini ebujameni obujayelekileko obujayelekileko A. afaka hlangana afaka hlangana amahafu, iinkotara, amahafu, iinkotara, kobunani, kobuthathu, kobunane, kobuthathu, kwesithandathu, kwesithandathu, kwesihlanu kwesihlanu. Hlikihla amakotara ama-2 wobujamo lobu • Ukukhumbula amafraktjhini • Ukukhumbula B asebujameni bedayagramu amafraktjhini • Ukuthoma ukukhumbula asebujameni bonyana amahafu bedayagramu amabili nofana ubuthathu • Ukuthoma obuthathu benza kunye ukukhumbula bonyana Hlikihla ku-4 kokuhlanu bobujamo lobu okupheleleko, ingcenye amahafu amabili C yinye yehafu neenkotara nofana ubuthathu ezimbili ziyalingana obuthathu benza ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 • Tlola amafraktjhini njenge, kunye okupheleleko, 1- yehafu, 2-kokuthathu ingcenye yinye yehafu neenkotara ezimbili Hlikihla okusi-6 kokubunane bobujamo lobu ziyalingana D ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
IGREYIDI YESI-3 ITHEMU YOKU-1 2. AMAPHETHENI, AMAFANKTJHINI NE-ALJIBHRA CAPS UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) 2.1 Kopulula, ngezelela Kopulula, ngezelela EGreyidini yesi-3 abafundi bangasebenza ngamaphetheni lapho: Amapheth- begodu uhlathulule begodu uhlathulule. • ilunga/ ama-elemende abuyelelwa khona ngendlela efanako; eni weJi- Kopulula, ngezelela Kopulula, ngezelela • isayizi yobujamo itjhuguluka ngeendlela ezinikela ibonelo phambili; begodu yomethri. begodu uhlathulule begodu uhlathulule • inani lobujamo nofana lezinto litkjhuguluka ngendlela enikela ibonelo phambili. ngawakho amagama ngamagama Amaphetheni angenziwa ngokusebenzisa ubujamo obubodwa kodwana umbala wobujamo • amaphetheni alula • amaphetheni alula lobo utjhuguluke njalo njalo/ ngendlela ejayelekileko isib. enziwe ngezinto enziwe ngezinto eziphathekako eziphathekako   • amaphetheni alula • amaphetheni alula Amaphetheni angenziwa ngokusebenzisa ubujamo nofana into eyodwa kodwana indawo enziwe ngokugwala enziwe ngokugwala yobujamo nofana into leyo itjhuguluke njalo njalo/ ngendlela ejayelekileko imida, ubujamo nofana imida, ubujamo nofana izinto. izinto. Isibonelo: Ukuzakhela Irherho lamaphetheni: a) amaphetheni wakho. Amaphetheni alula   Ukuzakhela amaphetheni lapho ubujamo, nofana wakho weJiyomethri iinqhema zobujamo • ngezinto zibuyelelwe ngendlela efana poro. b) eziphathekako   • ngokugwala imida,ubujamo nofana Ukuzakhela izinto amaphetheni wakho. Amaphetheni • Ukuzakhela Amanye amaphetheni aneenqhema ezifananko zobujamo nofana izinto ezibuyelelweko, asizungelezileko amaphetheni lapho ubukhulu bobujamo esiqhemenei ngasinye butjhuguluka ngendlela ejayelekileko, Ukubona , ukuhlathulula weJiyomethri ngendlela enikela ibonelo phambili isib. Ubukhulu bobujamo buba bukhudlwana nofana ngamagama • ngezinto buncazana. nokukopulula eziphathekako Isibonelo: Ubukhulu bobujamo bubabukhudlwana amaphetheni • ngokugwala   weJiyomethri imida,ubujamo nofana • eemvelweni izinto. • ebuphilweni Isibonelo: Ubukhulu bobujamo buba buncazana bangamalanga banamhlanje   367 • elifeni lamasiko wethu ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 368 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) 2.1 Kopulula, ngezelela Kopulula, ngezelela Amaphetheni angenziwa ngokuthi kwenziwe iinqhema ezifanako, lapho isiqhema ngasinye Isifundo esi-1 Amapheth- begodu uhlathulule begodu uhlathulule. sinomhlobo owodwa kodwana indawo yezinto esiqhemeni iyatjhuguluka. Iinqhema eni weJi- Kopulula, ngezelela Kopulula, ngezelela ezifanako ziyabuyelelwa. yomethri. begodu uhlathulule begodu uhlathulule Isibonelo: ngawakho amagama ngamagama   • amaphetheni alula • amaphetheni alula enziwe ngezinto enziwe ngezinto eziphathekako eziphathekako Amanye amaphetheni enziwe ngobujamo bomhlobo owodwa, kodwana isibonelo sobujamo • amaphetheni alula • amaphetheni alula ngabuye Siyanda nofana siyehla ngobukhulu. enziwe ngokugwala enziwe ngokugwala Isibonelo: imida, ubujamo nofana imida, ubujamo nofana izinto. izinto.   Ukuzakhela Irherho lamaphetheni: amaphetheni wakho. Amaphetheni alula Ukuzakhela amaphetheni lapho ubujamo, nofana Amanye amaphetheni enziwe ngeenqhema lapho kwenzeka khona ubujamo obufanako wakho weJiyomethri iinqhema zobujamo bezintokodwana inani lomhlobo ngamunye wobujamo nofana izinto liyakhula nofana • ngezinto zibuyelelwe ngendlela linciphe ngendlela ejayelekileko. ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 eziphathekako efana poro. Isibonelo: • ngokugwala   imida,ubujamo nofana Ukuzakhela izinto amaphetheni wakho. Amaphetheni • Ukuzakhela asizungelezileko amaphetheni Ukubona , ukuhlathulula weJiyomethri ngamagama • ngezinto nokukopulula eziphathekako • Ukukopa iphetheni kusiza abafundi bonyana babone ilojikhi yokuthi amaphetehni enziwe amaphetheni • ngokugwala bunjani. weJiyomethri imida,ubujamo nofana • Ukungezelela amaphetheni kusiza abafundi ukuhlola bonyana bayizwisise kuhle ilojikhi • eemvelweni izinto. yephetheni. • ebuphilweni • Ukuhlathulula amaphetheni kusiza abafundi bonyana bathuthukise ilimi namakghono bangamalanga wabo wokukhuluma. Begodu kukusiza bonyana ubone bonyana abafundi bayihlathulule banamhlanje bunjani iphetheni. Kuba lula bonyana abafundi bakhulume ngephetheni ngemva • elifeni lamasiko wethu kokobana bayenzile. Ngalesi sikhathi abafundi kufanele bakwazi ukuhlathulula amaphetheni ngaphandle ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) kokusebenzisa iinsiza zemibuzo ekhokhelako. Ragela phambili ngomnqopho wokuthuthukisa ilimi abalitlhogako bonyana bahlathulule ngalo amaphetheni.
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi CAPS ama -24) 2.2 Kopulula, ngezelela Kopulula, ngezelela Ukulandelana kweenomboro kungahlanganiswa begodu kusekele ukubala. Lokha Amaphe- begodu uhlathulule begodu uhlathulule amakghono wabafundi wokubala atjhuguluka begodu athuthuka, nemihlobo yokulandela theni Kopulula, ngezelela Kopulula, ngezelela kweenomboro abafundi abasebenza ngazo kungathuthuka. Weenom- begodu uhlathulule begodu uhlathulule Ukulandelana kufanele kubonise ukubala uye phambili nasemuva ngaku: ukulandelana ukulandelana • ngabo ku-1 kusuka kunanyana ngiyiphi inomboro phakathi kwe- 0 nama- 200 boro kweenomboro okulula kweenomboro okulula ukufika okungasenani e- ukufika okungasenani • ngali- 10 kusuka kunanyana ngikuphi ukubuyabuyelela kwe- 10 phakathi kwe- 0 nama- 200 1 000. e-100. • ngaku 5 kusuka kunanyana ngikuphi ukubuyabuyelela kwaku- 5 phakathi kwe- 0 nama- 200. • Ukulandelana kufanele • Ngaku- 2 kusuka kunanyana ngikuphi ukubuyabuyelela kwaka ku- 2 phakathi kwe- 0 nama- Ukuzakhela kubonise ukubala uye nokuhlathulula 200 phambili nemuva nga: • Ngaku- 3 kusuka kunanyana ngikuphi ukubuyabuyelela kwaka- 3 phakathi kwe- 0 nama- 200 amaphetheni wakho -- Ku-1 ukusuka Ukuzakhela amaphetheni kwenye nenye • Ngaku- 4 kusuka kunanyana ngikuphi ukubuyabuyelela kwa kaku- 4 phakathi kwe- 0 nama- wakho weenomboro. inomboro hlangana 200 ne-0 ne-1000. • Ngali-100 kusuka kunanyana ngikuphi ukubuyabuyelela kwe-100 kufika okungasenani ema- -- Li-10 ukusuka 500. kesinye nesinye Abafundi bangakhomba iinomboro lokha nababalako. Kyasiza ukunikela abafundi isibuyabuyelelo se- iinomboro ezilandelanako eenjamiselelweni ezihlukahlukeneko 10 hlangana ne-0 Isibonelo: ne-1000. • Ukulandelana kweenomboro okutloliweko -- Ku-5 ukusuka kesinye nesinye • Amanambalayini isibuyabuyelelo saka -- Lapho kutjengiswa khona inomboro ebaliweko kuphela. ku-5 hlangana ne-0 -- Iingcenye zamanambalayini isib. ne-1000. • Amagridi weenomboro -- Ku-2 ukusuka kesinye nesinye • Iinketani zeenomboro isibuyabuyelelo saka Abafundi bangavala, banga faka umbala, nofana bazungulezele iinomboro njengombana ku-2 hlangana ne -0 babala emanambalayinini nasemagridini weenomboro. ne-1000. Abafundi bangazalisa iinomboro ezingekho emanambalayini, nemagridini weenomboro, -- Ku-3 ukusuka emitjhweni yeenombo etlolweko, begodu neenketanini zeenomboro. kesinye nesinye Isibonelo isibuyabuyelelo saka ku-3 hlangana ne-0   110    +  10    +  10    +  10   120   130   ne-1000   -- Ku-4 ukusuka kesinye nesinye  +  10   isibuyabuyelelo saka  +  10    +  10      +  10   ku-4 hlangana ne-0       ne-1000 369 -- Ma-20, 25, 50, 100 okungasenani ukufika e-1000. ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 370 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) 2.2 Kopulula, ngezelela Kopulula, ngezelela Njengombana ukulandela kweenomboro kungasekela ukubala, ngokunjalo abafundi Iimfundo ezi-3 Amaphe- begodu uhlathulule begodu uhlathulule bangabala ngeenqhema, izinto nofana iinthombe, begodu batlole iinomboro emathebuleni theni Kopulula, ngezelela Kopulula, ngezelela nematjhadininaneko njengendlela yokuthuthukisa nokusekela ukubuyabuyelela. Weenom- begodu uhlathulule begodu uhlathulule Ethemini yoku- 1 umnqopho usekubaleni ngaku 2 , 5, nanga li 10 isib. ukulandelana ukulandelana boro Bala ngaku -5 kweenomboro okulula kweenomboro okulula ukufika okungasenani e- ukufika okungasenani e-100. Iinhlavu za 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 000. • Ukulandelana kufanele Isamba semali R5 R10 R15 R20 R25 R30 R35 R40 R45 Ukuzakhela kubonise ukubala uye nokuhlathulula phambili nemuva nga: amaphetheni wakho -- Ku-1 ukusuka okungeniswako   Input Output okukhutjhwako Ukuzakhela amaphetheni kwenye nenye wakho weenomboro. inomboro hlangana 1 umthetho Rule 5 ne-0 ne-1000. 2 -- Li-10 ukusuka 3 15 kesinye nesinye isibuyabuyelelo se- 4 ×  !     10 hlangana ne-0 5 25 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 ne-1000. -- Ku-5 ukusuka Ekupheleni kweThemu le abafundi basebenza ngokubala ngokulandelana ukuya nokusuka kesinye nesinye e - 100. isibuyabuyelelo saka ku-5 hlangana ne-0 ne-1000. -- Ku-2 ukusuka kesinye nesinye isibuyabuyelelo saka ku-2 hlangana ne -0 ne-1000. -- Ku-3 ukusuka kesinye nesinye isibuyabuyelelo saka ku-3 hlangana ne-0 ne-1000 -- Ku-4 ukusuka kesinye nesinye isibuyabuyelelo saka ku-4 hlangana ne-0 ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) ne-1000 -- Ma-20, 25, 50, 100 okungasenani ukufika e-1000.
IGREYIDI YESI-3 ITHEMU YOKU-1 3. ISIKHALA NOBUJAMO (JIYOMETHRI) CAPS UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) 3.3 Irherho lamajamo Irherho lamajamo Ngikuphi okuhlukileko eGreyidini yesi-2? Amajamo • iindulungu • iindulungu Egreyidini yesi-3 abafundi banzizisa umsebenzi owenziwe kubusobubili 2-D eGreyidini abusobubili • aboncantathu • aboncantathu yesi- 2, kodwana banganqophi emasayizini nofana embaleni lokha kusetjenziswa 2-D ngamabumbeko. • iinkwere • iinkwere Lokhu kuvumela abafundi bonyana babe nesikhathi esaneleko ukunqophana nomsebenzi • aboncande • aboncande omutjha wezinto ezibuso buthathu 3-D, ubujamo, ukujayeza umsebenzi nokubukela kanye Ubujamo Ubujamo nesimethri. bamabumbeko bamabumbeko Umsebenzi omunengi wamabumbeko eGreyidi yesi-3 wenziwa ngokuphathekako ngezinto Hlathulula, uhlele begodu Hlathulula, uhlele begodu eziphathekako. Woke umsebenzi kufanele undzindziswe ngemisetjenzana etlolwako. umadanise amajamo umadanise amajamo Ukukhumbula nukutjho amagama weendulungu,aboncantathu,iinkwere naboncande abusobubili 2-D ngokuya abusobubili 2-D ngokuya Abafundi kufanele basebenze ngeendulungu neenkwere zamasayizi ahlukeneko begodu nge: nge: nangaboncantathu bobujamo obuhlukahlukeneko. • bumbeko • bumbeko Kuqakathekile bonyana abafundi bangaboni isibonelo sinye kwaphela samajamo wamabumbeko. Amasede amanengi wamabumbeko aphathelene nezorhwebo anikela za • amaqadi anqophileko • amqadi anqophileko isibonelo sinye kwaphela sakancantathu. Abafundi bafanele bonyana bakhumbule • amaqadi aziindulungu • amaqadi azindulungu • Iindulungu ezihlukeneko ngamasayisi Gwala ubujamo Isibonelo: • iindulungu   • aboncantathu • iinkwere • aboncande • Aboncantathu ababumbeke ngokuhlukana babekwa ezindaweni ezihlukahlukeneko Isibonelo:   Iinkwere ezihlukene ngamasayisi nezibekwe eendaweni ezihlukeneko Isibonelo:   371 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 372 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YOKU-1 namaminithi ama -24) 3.3 Irherho lamajamo Irherho lamajamo • Aboncande abanobujamo obuhlukahlukeneko babekwa eendaweni ezahlukeneko. Iimfundo ezi-2 Amajamo • iindulungu • iindulungu Isibonelo: abusobubili • aboncantathu • aboncantathu 2-D   • iinkwere • iinkwere • aboncande • aboncande Ubujamo Ubujamo bamabumbeko bamabumbeko Hlathulula, uhlele begodu Hlathulula, uhlele begodu Kuqakathekile bonyana abafundi basebenze ngokusika imifanekiso yamajamo umadanise amajamo umadanise amajamo ngamabhoksi. Lokhu kuvumela abafundi bonyana babone aboncantathu, iinkwere, abusobubili 2-D ngokuya abusobubili 2-D ngokuya naboncande ababekwe endaweni ezihlukileko. nge: nge: Abafundi bahlela amabumbeko ngokuya ngokuthi anamahlangothi anqophe poro nofana • bumbeko • bumbeko ayindulungu. • amaqadi anqophileko • amqadi anqophileko Abafundi bahlela bebabuthelele ndawonye amabumbeko ngokuya ngokuthi aboncantathu, boncande, iinkwere nofana iindulungu. • amaqadi aziindulungu • amaqadi azindulungu Umsebenzi undindziswa ngokutlolwa kwemisetjenzana. Gwala ubujamo ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 • iindulungu • aboncantathu • iinkwere • aboncande ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
IGREYIDI YESI- 3 ITHEMU YOKU-1 4. UKUMEDA CAPS UBUDE IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu KONYAKA namaminithi YOKU-1 ama -24) 4.1 Ukutjho isikhathi Ukutjho isikhathi Ngikuphi okuhlukileko eGreyidini yesi-2? Isikhathi • Ukufunda idadamu / • Ukufunda idadamu / Iintlabagelo zedijithali ziyethulwa umuhla ekhalendeni. umuhla ekhalendeni. Egreyidini yesi-2 abafundi bafunda isikhathi ngama-iri, isiquntu se-iri begodu nekotara • Ukubeka amalanga • Ukubeka amalanga ye-iri ewatjhini ye-analogo. wamabeletho, wamabeletho, amafestivali wezekolo, amafestivali wezekolo, Egreyini yesi-3 abafundi basebenza ngeentlabagelo zedijithali kokuthoma. Basagcina amaholideyi amaholideyi isakhiwo se-iri le-12 begodu basebenzisa ekuseni nantambama nakutlhogekako. womphakathi, iminyanya womphakathi, Abafundi baragela phambili ukuzijayeza ukukhuluma ngobude besikhathi begodu yezomlando, izehlakalo iminyanya nangokulandelana kwesikhathi. zesikolo ezisekhalendeni. wezomlando, Ngesikhathi sokufundisa itlasi loke begodu nesikhathi sokunqopha esiqhemeni, abafundi • Ukutjho isikhathi sama-iri izehlakalo zesikolo ezisekhalendeni. baragela phambili nokukhuluma ngelanga leveke, iinyanga zonyaka begodu idadamu / ali-12 ngama- ilanga lamhlokho, namalanga angaphambili begodu namalanga ezako. -- -iri, • Ukutjho isikhathi sama- -- ngesiquntu se-iri iri ali-12 ngama- • amalanga wamabeletho -- ngekotara ye-iri -- -iri, • amafestivali wezekolo -- minithi -- ngesiquntu se-iri • iminyanya yezomlando, ewatjhini le-analogo nemawatjhini wedijithali -- ngekotara ye-iri • izehlakalo zesikolo begodu nezinye -- minithi • amaholideyi womphakathi, iintlabagelo zedijithali ewatjhini le-analogo Ragela phambili ngokubawa abafundi bonyana batjho isikhathi ngokuya ngama-iri, ezitjengisa isikhathi, isib. nemawatjhini wedijithali abomaliledinini iinquntu zama-iri begodu nekotara ye-iri ewatjhini ye-analogo njalo njalo. Isibonelo, begodu nezinye abafundi bangabawiwa bonyana batjho isikhathi sokungena kwesikolo, isikhathi Ukubala ubude besikhathi iintlabagelo zedijithali sokudla begodu nangesikhathi sokuphuma kwesikolo, nofana nabatjhintjha ukusuka nokudlula kwesikhathi ezitjengisa isikhathi, isib. kesinye isifundo ukuya kwesinye. Khetha isikhathi lapho iwatjhi litjengisa khona Ukusebenzisa amakhalenda abomaliledinini isikhathi poro phezu kwe iri , nofana isiquntu se-iri nofana ikotara ye-iri. Kuqakathekile ukubala nokuhlathulula ukuba newatjhi ekulu, esebenzako ebekwa ngeklasini, ukuze abafundi baqale kiyo. ubude besikhathi Abafundi bangazenzela imifanekiso yamawatjhi. Ungabawa abafundi batjengise ngamalanga nofana ngeemveke nofana iinyanga iinkhathi ezihlukileko begodu bafake hlangana nezinye iimbalo. ‘Ngitjengisa i-iri le-10. ukufaka hlangana Bekusikhathi bani ikotara ye-awara ngaphambi kwe-iri le-10? • ukutjhugulula hlangana Ngesikhathi sokusebenza ngokuzijamela abafundi baragela phambili nokwenza kwamalanga neemveke imisebenzi ehlobene nokutjho isikhathi ngama-iri, ngesiquntu se-iri begodu nekotara • ukutjhugulula hlangana ye-iri emawatjhini we-analogo. Abafundi bangabala ngeemveke nofana ngamalanga kweemveke neenyanga nangabe banikelwe ikhalenda nofana ihlangothi lekhalenda, isib. Ukuthola amalanga Sebenzisa amawatjhi nokubala umehluko wesikhathi hlangana nazo. ukubala ubude besikhathi 373 ngama-iri nofana isiquntu se-iri. ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA 374 IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu KONYAKA namaminithi YOKU-1 ama -24) 4.1 Ukutjho isikhathi Ukutjho isikhathi Isikhathi sedijithali Iimfundo ezi-3 Isikhathi • Ukufunda idadamu / • Ukufunda idadamu / • Isikhathi sitjengiswa ngesakhiwo sedijithali sama-iri ali-12 eensetjenzisweni umuhla ekhalendeni. umuhla ekhalendeni. eziphathelene nezinto nekambiso yangekhaya, isib. Abomaliledinini, ama-oveni • Ukubeka amalanga • Ukubeka amalanga apheka nanyana efuthumeza kokugoma msinyana, Imitjhini yamaCD namaDVD, njll. wamabeletho, amafes- wamabeletho, Abafundi bangahle bajayele khulu umhlobo lo wesikhathi kunamawatjhi we-analogo. tivali wezekolo, ama- amafestivali wezekolo, Sebnenzisa iimfundo ezingaba pheze zintathu ukujayeza abafundi isikhathi sefomethi holideyi womphakathi, amaholideyi yama iri ali-12. iminyanya yezomlando, womphakathi, izehlakalo zesikolo ez- iminyanya • Khumbuza abafundi ngehlathululo yekuseni nantambama. isekhalendeni. wezomlando, • Tjengisa abafundi bonyana ngiyiphi idijithi etjho ama-iri begodu ngiyiphi idijithi etjho • Ukutjho isikhathi sama-iri izehlakalo zesikolo amaminithi esikhathini sedijityhali. ali-12 ngama- ezisekhalendeni. • Hlathulula bonyana kunamaminithi ama-60 nge-iri, ngakho-ke kunamaminithi ama30 -- -iri, • Ukutjho isikhathi sama- esiquntini se-iri begodu namaminithi ali-15 ekotarini ye-iri. Lokhu kuzosiza abafundi -- ngesiquntu se-iri iri ali-12 ngama- bonyana bahlanganisa amamimithi nokufunda ngama-iri, ngesiquntu se-iri begodu -- ngekotara ye-iri -- -iri, nekotara ye-iri ewatjhini ye-analogo, okungilokho abakwenze eGreyidini yesi-2 -- minithi ewatjhini le-analogo nema- -- ngesiquntu se-iri • Nikela abafundi isikhathi esinengi sokuzijayeza ukufunda ngesikhathi sedijithali watjhini wedijithali begodu -- ngekotara ye-iri ngesakhiwo sama-iri ali-12. nezinye iintlabagelo zedi- -- minithi • Yiba newatjhi yedijithali esebenzako ibekwe ngetlasini. Bawa abafundi banikele ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 jithali ezitjengisa isikhathi, ewatjhini le-analogo isikhathi njalo emini umnyaka woke. Vumela abafundi benze amawatjhi wesifanekiso, isib. abomaliledinini nemawatjhini wedijithali abangawasebenzisa ukutjho isikhathi begodu nokubala umehluko wesikhathi. Ukubala ubude besikhathi begodu nezinye nokudlula kwesikhathi iintlabagelo zedijithali Ukusebenzisa amakhalenda ezitjengisa isikhathi, isib. ukubala nokuhlathulula abomaliledinini ubude besikhathi ngama- langa nofana ngeemveke nofana iinyanga ukufaka hlangana • ukutjhugulula hlangana kwamalanga neemveke • ukutjhugulula hlangana kweemveke neenyanga Sebenzisa amawatjhi ukubala ubude besikhathi ngama-iri nofana isiquntu se-iri. ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
UBUDE IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu KONYAKA namaminithi YOKU-1 CAPS ama -24) 4.2 Ukumeda okungakahleleki Egreyidini yesi-2 kuphakanyiswe bonyana abafundi banqophe ekulinganiseni, Ubude • Ukulinganisa, ukumeda, ekumedeni, ekumadaniseni begodu nokurekhoda ubude, ububanzi begodu ukumadanisa, ukuhlela nokuphakama. ngemihlobo begodu • ngamayunithi ahlelekileko; begodu urekhode ubude ngokusebenzisa iimedo • ukumeda ngamamitha usebenzisa intongamamitha nofana intambo enobude bemitha ezingakahleleki isib. li-1 Ubude besandla, Ngesikhathi sokusebenza ngokuzijamela abafundi bangazijayeza amakghono lawa amagadango, ubude wokumeda. bamapensela, izinto Ukumeda ubude njengobujamo bokurarulula imiraro begodu nokubala zokubala, njll. • Ukuhlathulula ubude Ngesikhathi esibekelwe Iinomboro, imiSebenzi noBudlelwana, abafundi bangararulula bezinto ngokubala imiraro esebenzisa ubujamo bo begodu nokutjho • kumeda ubude obungakahleleki; begodu bonyana zinobude • kumeda ubude ngamamitha obungangani bamayunithi angakahleleki Yelela irherho leenomboro zeThemu, nomihlobo ehlukahlukeneko yemiraro efanele iThemu. • Ukusebenzisa ilimi ukukhuluma Iimfundo ezinqophe ekumedeni ubude zizokuthoma ethemini yesi-2 ngokumadanisa, isib. okudanyana okufitjhazana, okude khulu, okubanzi khulu. Ukwethula ukumeda okuhlelekileko • Ukulinganisa, ukumeda, ukumadanisa, ukuhlela begodu urekhode ubude ngokusebenzisa amamitha (amamitha stiki nofana iintambo ezinobude bemitha) njengomuvosimedo ojayelekileko. • Ukulinganisa nokumeda ubude ngamasenthimitha ngokusebenzisa irula. Akuthlogeki ukwenza itjhuguluko hlangana 375 kwamamitha namasenthimitha. ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA 376 IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu KONYAKA namaminithi YOKU-1 ama -24) 4.3 Ukumeda okungakahleleki EGreyidini yesi-2 abafundi Imasi/ • Ukulinganisa, ukumeda, • bameda ubudisi/ imasi ngokungakahleleki ngokusebenzisa isikala sokudzimelela; Ubudisi ukumadanisa, ukuhlela, • hlela imikhiqizo ngokuya ngemasi etlolwe eempakaneni; begodu bekurekhodwe ubungako • ukufunda iinkala zangendlini yokuhlambela ( zombili iinkala zamambala neseenthombe). / imasi ngokusetjenzisa iimedo ezingakahleleki Ngesikhathi sokusebenza ngokuzijamela abafundi bazijayela amakghono lawa wokumeda begodu nesikala Ukumeda ubudisi / imasi njengobujamo bokurarulula imiraro begodu nokubala sokudzimelela isib. Ngesikhathi esibekelwe Iinomboro, imiSebenzi noBudlelwana, abafundi bangararulula imiraro esebenzisa ubujamo boku Amabhlogo, iintina njll. • meda ubungako/imasi obungakahleleki; begodu • Ukusebenzisa • meda ubungako ngamakhilogremu ilimi ukukhuluma ngokumadanisa isib. Yelela irherho leenomboro ezifaneleko zeThemu, nemihlobo ehlukahlukeneko yemiraro efaneleko yeThemu. elula, ebudisi, elula-khulu, Iimfundo ezinqotjhiswe ekumedeni ubungako/ imasi zizokuthonywa eThemini yesi-2. ebudisi-khulu. Ukwethula ukumeda okuhlelekileko • Ukumadanisa, ukuhlela ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 nokurekhoda ubudisi bezinto ezipakelwe ukuthengiswa ezinobungako obutjengiswe ngamakhilogremu, isib. amakhilogremu ama-2 wereyisi nekhiligremu eli-1 leflowuru nofana amakhilogremu ama-500 wetswayi • Ukumeda ubudisi / imasi yabo ngamakhilogremu ngokusebenzisa isikala sokumeda sangendlini yokuhlambela Akuthlogeki ukwenza itjhuguluko hlangana ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) kwamamilimitha namalitha.
UBUDE IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO BESIKHATHI IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO : IMINQOPHO AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA YETHEMU YOKU-1 IMIHLAHLANDLELA YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu CAPS KONYAKA namaminithi ama -24) 4.4 Ukumeda okungakahleleki Ukumeda okungakahleleki Ngikuphi okuhlukileko eGreyidini yesi-2? Iimfundo ezi-2 Umthamo/ • Ukulinganisa nokumeda, • Ukulinganisa nokumeda; ukumadanisa EGreyidini yesi-2 abafundi Ivolumu ukumadanisa nokuhlela (isib. nokuhlela umthamo wesimumathii (o.u. • balinganise bebameda, bamadanise, bahlela begodu barekhoda umthamo ongamumathwa umthamo ongamumathwa simumathi umthamo weemumathi nofana ivolumu engeemumathini simumathii nasizeleko) nasizeleko) ngokusebenzisa iimedo ngokusebenzisa iimedo ezingakahleleki; ngokusebenzisa iimedo ezingakahleleki isib. Iingobho namakopi. • bamadanisa begodu bahlele umthamo werherho lamabhodlelo begodu ezingakahleleki isib. Iingobho • Ukuhlathulula umthamo wesimumathi nezinto ezithengiswa esitolo sokudla / igrozari nezinye iintwanyana namakopi. ngokubala nokutjho bonyana mangaki zangekhaya lapho ivolumu itjengiswe khona eempakaneni • Ukuhlathulula umthamo amayunithi angakahleleki angazalisa • basebenzisa ilitha li-1 lamabhodlelo nofana amajege welitha li-1 wesimumathi ngokubala isimumathi, isib. Ibhodlelo linobungako ukulinganisa nokumeda, ukumadanisa, ukuhlela begodu nokurekhoda nokutjho bonyana mangaki bamakopi amane umthamo weemumathi nofana ivolumu eemumathini ngamalitha. amayunithi angakahleleki Ukwethulwa kokumeda okuhlelekileko EGreyidini yesi-3 abafundi bethulwa kumamilimitha angazalisa isimumathi, isib. • Ukulinganisa, ukumeda; ukumadanisa Uyini umthamo? Iyini ivolumu Ibhodlelo linobungako bamakopi nokuhlela nokurekhoda umthamo wezinto ngokumeda ngamalitha, iinqunto zamalitha Ibhodlelo lingaba nomthamo welitha li-1, kodwana ngeze lazaliswa swi, amane begodu nangamakotara wamalitha. isibonelo, lingamumatha kwaphela ivolumu lekopi elilodwa lamanzi. Ukwethulwa kokumeda okuhlelekileko -- Ukusebenzisa amabhodlelo anomthamo Umthamo bungako bento engamumathwa simumathi (nofana ubungako • Ukulinganisa, ukumeda; welitha li-1, nofana iimumathi besikhala esingaphakathi kwento). ukumadanisa nokuhlela ezinomthamo otlolwe ngamamilimitha, Ivolumu bungako besikhala esithathwa simumathwa/ liketjezi. nokurekhoda umthamo wezinto isib. amabhlegana wesiselo esimakhaza. Kesinye isikhathi abafundi bazokumeda bonyana lingangani iketjezi ngokumeda ngamalitha, -- Amajege wokumeda anemida etjengisa (nofanaisanda nofana okhunye nje) elingesimumathini. Lokhu kukumeda iinqunto zamalitha begodu amalitha, isiquntu samalitha begodu ivolumu yento engesimumathini. nangamakotara wamalitha. namakotara wamalitha Kezinye iinkhathi abafundi bazokumeda bonyana isimumathi • Ukumadanisa, ukuhlela -- Amajege wokumeda anemida etjengisa singamumatha kangangani lokha nasizele swi. nokurekhoda umthamo amamililitha. Abafundi abakalindeleki Abafundi bafanele baragele phambili ngokumeda basebenzisa wezinto ezipakelwe bonyana bafunde amavolumu amayunithi womthamo angakahleleki. ukuthengiswa, ubungako angakameregwa emudeni. Ukumeda umthamo ongakahleleki ngokusebenzisa amayunithi bazo butlolwa ngamalitha, -- Amakopi wokumeda namathispuni womthamo angakahleleki isib. Amalitha ama-2 webisi, atjengisa umthamo wawo. Abafundi bangafunda zoke iinkambisolawulo neenkambiso zokumeda ilitha li-1 lesiselo esimakhaza, -- Ukumadanisa, ukuhlela nokurekhoda ngokusebenzisa amayunithi angakahleleki. Ukumeda ngamayunithi amalitha ama-5 wepende umthamo wezinto ezipakelwe angakahleleki kufanele bonyana kungaqaleki kwanga akukaqakatheki nofana ngamamilimitha, isib. ukuthengiswa, ubungako bazo butlolwa kunokumeda ngamayunithi ahlelekileko. Amamililitha ama-500 webisi, ngamalitha, isib. Amalitha ama-2 webisi, Abafundi bafanele bathole ithuba lokumeda ivolumu/ umthamo • Amamililitha ama-340 wesiselo ilitha li-1 lesiselo esimakhaza, amalitha ngokusebenzisa izinto ezihlukahlukeneko njengamayunithi ahlelekileko, esimakhaza, amamilimitha ama-5 wepende nofana ngamamilimitha, isib. Amakopi (kodwana ingasi amakopi wokumeda), iingobho, (kodwana amamililitha ama-750 we-oli isib. Amamililitha ama-500 webisi, ingasi amathispuni wokumeda), iimvalo zamabhodlelo njengeemvalo • Ukwazi bonyana ikopi • Amamililitha ama-340 wesiselo esimakhaza, zamabhodlelo webisi lamalitha ama-2, amabhlegana amancani, elisezingeni elifaneleko amamilimitha amamililitha ama-750 we-oli amabhodlelo amancani, njll. limamililitha ama-250 • Ukwazi bonyana ikopi elisezingeni Ukumeda ivolumu/umthamo ngamayunithi angakahleleki kufana ukubala • Ukwazi bonyana ithispuni elifaneleko limamililitha ama-250 bonyana kukangaki lapho umuntu azalisa begodu athela khona eyunithini limamililitha ama-5 • Ukwazi bonyana ithispuni limamililitha ekhethiweko ivolumu yakhona emedwako. 377 Akuthlogeki bonyana kube ama-5 Abafundi bafanele bafundiswe ngaso soke isikhathi ukutjho iyunithi, isib. netjhuguluko hlangana Akuthlogeki bonyana kube netjhuguluko Kuneengobho ezi-48 ezipheleleko zamanzi ngebhodlelweni nofana kwamamilimitha namalitha hlangana kwamamilimitha namalitha kunamanzi angaphasi kwekopi ngebhodlelweni. ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO BESIKHATHI IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO : IMINQOPHO AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA 378 YETHEMU YOKU-1 IMIHLAHLANDLELA YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu KONYAKA namaminithi ama -24) 4.4 Ukumeda okungakahleleki Ukumeda okungakahleleki Lokha abafundi nasele bamede nanyana ngiyiphi iyunithi amahlandla Iimfundo ezi-2 Umthamo/ • Ukulinganisa nokumeda, • Ukulinganisa nokumeda; ukumadanisa ambalwa, bafanele balinganise umthamo/ ivolumu ngokusebenzisa Ivolumu ukumadanisa nokuhlela (isib. nokuhlela umthamo wesimumathii (o.u. iyunithi leyo. Ukulinganisa ngaphambi kokumeda kuqakathekile, kodwana umthamo ongamumathwa umthamo ongamumathwa simumathi kungenziwa kwaphela lokha abafundi nabasele bamede ngeyunithi leyo. simumathii nasizeleko) nasizeleko) ngokusebenzisa iimedo Abafundi bafanele bafundiswe bonyana ukuze bamadanise ivolumu ngokusebenzisa iimedo ezingakahleleki isib. Iingobho namakopi. nofana umthamo, iyunithi efana patsi ifanele isetjenziswe. Isib.nangabe ezingakahleleki isib. Iingobho • Ukuhlathulula umthamo wesimumathi irhalasi Limimatha amathispuni ama-20 wamanzi begodu ikopi Limimatha namakopi. ngokubala nokutjho bonyana mangaki amathispuni wamanzi ali-10, umuntu angekhe atjho bonyana irhalasi • Ukuhlathulula umthamo amayunithi angakahleleki angazalisa Limimatha amanzi amanengi kunekopi. wesimumathi ngokubala isimumathi, isib. Ibhodlelo linobungako Abafundi bafanele bamede ngamayunithi angakahleleki nokutjho bonyana mangaki bamakopi amane ahlukahlukeneko, ukuze bakghone amayunithi angakahleleki Ukwethulwa kokumeda okuhlelekileko • ukuthoma ukuzwisisa bonyana lokha iyunithi nayiyincani , angazalisa isimumathi, isib. • Ukulinganisa, ukumeda; ukumadanisa izokusetjenziswa amahlandla amanengana ukuzalisa isimumathi, Ibhodlelo linobungako bamakopi nokuhlela nokurekhoda umthamo wezinto Isib. ivolumu engebhodlelweni ingaba ziingobho ezmai-20, kodwana amane ngokumeda ngamalitha, iinqunto zamalitha ilingane nekopi yi-1; Ukwethulwa kokumeda begodu nangamakotara wamalitha. • ukuthoma ukusebenzisa amayunithi afaneleko kilokho abakumedako, okuhlelekileko -- Ukusebenzisa amabhodlelo anomthamo isib. Ukumeda amalitha ama-2 wamabhodlelo azeleko ngethispuni • Ukulinganisa, ukumeda; welitha li-1, nofana iimumathi kukumotjha isikhathi. ukumadanisa nokuhlela ezinomthamo otlolwe ngamamilimitha, Ukwethula ukumeda okuhlelekileko nokurekhoda umthamo wezinto isib. amabhlegana wesiselo esimakhaza. ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 • Linganisa, meda, madanisa, hlela begodu urekhode amavolumu ngokumeda ngamalitha, -- Amajege wokumeda anemida etjengisa begodu nemithamo ngamalitha. iinqunto zamalitha begodu amalitha, isiquntu samalitha begodu namakotara wamalitha Khumbuza abafundi bonyana amalitha mayunithi ajayelekileko nangamakotara wamalitha. -- Amajege wokumeda anemida etjengisa asezingeni elifaneleko wokumeda umthamo begodu nevolumu. Indlela • Ukumadanisa, ukuhlela amamililitha. Abafundi abakalindeleki yokurhunyeza ( l ) iyasetjenziswa emajegeni wokumeda nezintweni nokurekhoda umthamo bonyana bafunde amavolumu zokurhweba ezithengiswa ngamavolumu. Hlolisisa bonyana abafundi wezinto ezipakelwe angakameregwa emudeni. bakhumbula isirhunyezo samalitha. ukuthengiswa, ubungako bazo butlolwa ngamalitha, -- Amakopi wokumeda namathispuni Abafundi bameda ngamalitha basebenzisa : isib. Amalitha ama-2 webisi, atjengisa umthamo wawo. • Iimumathi ezimalitha li-1 njengamabhodlelo weenselo ezimakhaza, ilitha li-1 lesiselo esimakhaza, -- Ukumadanisa, ukuhlela nokurekhoda amabhodlelo webisi, amakhathuni webisi, amakhathuni wejuzi; begodu amalitha ama-5 wepende umthamo wezinto ezipakelwe • Amajege wokumeda etjengisa ilitha yi-1 yemida yekhalibhratjhini. nofana ngamamilimitha, isib. ukuthengiswa, ubungako bazo butlolwa Bayalinganisa begodu bameda umthamo ohlukahlukeneko weemumathi Amamililitha ama-500 webisi, ngamalitha, isib. Amalitha ama-2 webisi, njengeembhigiri ezikulu zeyogathi, iimbhigirana ze-ayisikhrimi, • Amamililitha ama-340 wesiselo ilitha li-1 lesiselo esimakhaza, amalitha amabhoksi wokudla kwemini, amajege amakhulu, amabhodlelo esimakhaza, amamilimitha ama-5 wepende nofana ngamamilimitha, amakhulu, amabhlege wepende angenalitho, amabhakede njll. Izinto amamililitha ama-750 we-oli isib. Amamililitha ama-500 webisi, ezinomthamo ohlukahlukeneko zifanele zikhethwe. • Ukwazi bonyana ikopi • Amamililitha ama-340 wesiselo esimakhaza, Abafundi bahlathulula umthamo njengo “ngaphasi kwelitha li-1, amalitha elisezingeni elifaneleko amamilimitha amamililitha ama-750 we-oli ama-2, hlangana kwelitha li-1 nama-2, amalitha ama-5, njll. limamililitha ama-250 • Ukwazi bonyana ikopi elisezingeni • Abafundi bamadanisa, bahlela begodu barekhoda umthamo wezinto • Ukwazi bonyana ithispuni elifaneleko limamililitha ama-250 zerhwebo ezipakelwako, umthamo wabo otlolwe ngamalitha, isib. ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) limamililitha ama-5 • Ukwazi bonyana ithispuni limamililitha amalitha ama-2 webisi, ilitha li-1 leeselo esimakhaza, amalitha ama-5 Akuthlogeki bonyana kube ama-5 wepende. netjhuguluko hlangana Akuthlogeki bonyana kube netjhuguluko Ukulinganisa, ukumeda, ukumadanisa, ukuhlela nokurekhoda kwamamilimitha namalith hlangana kwamamilimitha namalitha amavolumu begodu nomthamo ngamamilimitha.
UBUDE IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO BESIKHATHI IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO : IMINQOPHO AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA YETHEMU YOKU-1 IMIHLAHLANDLELA YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu CAPS KONYAKA namaminithi ama -24) 4.4 Ukumeda okungakahleleki Ukumeda okungakahleleki Coca nabafundi bonyana amamililitha amayunithi wokumeda ahlelekileko Iimfundo ezi-2 Umthamo/ • Ukulinganisa nokumeda, • Ukulinganisa nokumeda; ukumadanisa ajayelekileko womthamo begodu nevolumu. Hlathulula bonyana Ivolumu ukumadanisa nokuhlela (isib. nokuhlela umthamo wesimumathii (o.u. amamilimitha mancani kunamalitha. umthamo ongamumathwa umthamo ongamumathwa simumathi Bafanele bafunde igama begodu nesirhunyezo, ngombana simumathii nasizeleko) nasizeleko) ngokusebenzisa iimedo iimumathi ezinengi zerhwebo begodu neenjege ezinengi zokumeda ngokusebenzisa iimedo ezingakahleleki isib. Iingobho namakopi. zineenrhunyezo zamagama. ezingakahleleki isib. Iingobho • Ukuhlathulula umthamo wesimumathi Abafundi bafanele bamadanise, bahlele begogu barekhode umthamo namakopi. ngokubala nokutjho bonyana mangaki wezinto ezipakelwe irhwebo, umthamo wazo otloleke ngamamilimitha, • Ukuhlathulula umthamo amayunithi angakahleleki angazalisa isib. Amamilimitha webisi ama-500ml, ama-750ml weviniga, ama-330ml wesimumathi ngokubala isimumathi, isib. Ibhodlelo linobungako weenselo ezimakhaza, ama-400ml weporitjhi yaphasi, njll. nokutjho bonyana mangaki bamakopi amane Abafundi bafanele bamede njalo njalo ngokwaneleko nga: amayunithi angakahleleki Ukwethulwa kokumeda okuhlelekileko • makopi wokumeda asezingeni elifaneleko ukuthoma ukwazi bonyana angazalisa isimumathi, isib. • Ukulinganisa, ukumeda; ukumadanisa mangaki amamilimitha ama-250; Ibhodlelo linobungako bamakopi nokuhlela nokurekhoda umthamo wezinto • mathispuni wokumeda ukuthoma ukwazi bonyana mangaki amane ngokumeda ngamalitha, iinqunto zamalitha amamilimitha ama-5; Ukwethulwa kokumeda begodu nangamakotara wamalitha. • majege wokumeda amedwe ngamamilimitha- lapha kulindeleke okuhlelekileko -- Ukusebenzisa amabhodlelo anomthamo bonyana abafundi bafunde kwaphela imida etjengiswe ngeenomboro- • Ukulinganisa, ukumeda; welitha li-1, nofana iimumathi bazokunqopha ekufundeni imida engakanomborwa esiGabeni ukumadanisa nokuhlela ezinomthamo otlolwe ngamamilimitha, esiPhakathi. nokurekhoda umthamo wezinto isib. amabhlegana wesiselo esimakhaza. Ukulandela amaresibhi, ukufaka hlangana ukubhaga, kubujamo obulisizo ngokumeda ngamalitha, -- Amajege wokumeda anemida etjengisa lapho abantwana bangazijayeza khona ukumeda iinqunto zamalitha begodu amalitha, isiquntu samalitha begodu nangamakotara wamalitha. namakotara wamalitha Abafundi ABAKALINDELEKI bonyana • Ukumadanisa, ukuhlela -- Amajege wokumeda anemida etjengisa • bazi bona ama-1 000 ml = 1 ilitha nokurekhoda umthamo amamililitha. Abafundi abakalindeleki • ukwenza itjhuguluko hlangana kwamamilimitha namalitha, nofana wezinto ezipakelwe bonyana bafunde amavolumu • bafunde imida engakanomborwa emajegeni amedako ( lokhu ukuthengiswa, ubungako angakameregwa emudeni. kwenziwa ukusuka eGreyidini yesi-4). bazo butlolwa ngamalitha, -- Amakopi wokumeda namathispuni Ukurekhoda ukumeda / iimedo isib. Amalitha ama-2 webisi, atjengisa umthamo wawo. Nanyana ukumeda kulikghono eliphathekako, abafundi bafanele ilitha li-1 lesiselo esimakhaza, -- Ukumadanisa, ukuhlela nokurekhoda barekhode ukumeda kwabo ngaso soke isikhathi, ukufaka hlangana koke amalitha ama-5 wepende umthamo wezinto ezipakelwe ukumeda okuhlelekileko nokungakahleleki. nofana ngamamilimitha, isib. ukuthengiswa, ubungako bazo butlolwa Ukumeda umthamo/ ivolumu njengobujamo bokurarulula imiraro Amamililitha ama-500 webisi, ngamalitha, isib. Amalitha ama-2 webisi, nokubala • Amamililitha ama-340 wesiselo ilitha li-1 lesiselo esimakhaza, amalitha Ngesikhathi esibekelwe Iinomboro, imiSebenzi noBudlelwana, abafundi esimakhaza, amamilimitha ama-5 wepende nofana ngamamilimitha, bangararulula imiraro ngokusebenzisa ubujamo. amamililitha ama-750 we-oli isib. Amamililitha ama-500 webisi, • ukumeda okungakahleleki komthamo / ivolumu besimedo, • Ukwazi bonyana ikopi • Amamililitha ama-340 wesiselo esimakhaza, isibonelo, uGogo usebenzisa amakopi amabili webisi ukwenza elisezingeni elifaneleko amamilimitha amamililitha ama-750 we-oli iphudinghi. Lokha nakangabuyelela kabili iresebhele le, limamililitha ama-250 • Ukwazi bonyana ikopi elisezingeni uzokuthloga ibisi elingangani? • Ukwazi bonyana ithispuni elifaneleko limamililitha ama-250 limamililitha ama-5 • Ukwazi bonyana ithispuni limamililitha • amalitha 379 Akuthlogeki bonyana kube ama-5 • amamililitha netjhuguluko hlangana Akuthlogeki bonyana kube netjhuguluko Yelela irherho leenomboro elifanako leThemu leyo, begodu nerherho kwamamilimitha namalitha hlangana kwamamilimitha namalitha lemihlobo yemiraro ehlukahlukeneko. ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
IGREYIDI YESI-3 ITHEMU YOKU-1 380 5. UKUPHATHA IDATHA IMIQONDO UBUDE IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA namaminithi YOKU-1 KONYAKA ama -24) 5.4 Buthelela begodu Buthelela begodu Yini umehluko kune Greyidini yesi - 2? Buthelela uhlele idatha uhlele idatha • Abafundi bahlela idatha ngama rhelo, thali, thebula begodu uhlele • Buthelela idatha Buthelela idatha • Abafundi bathulwa kuma bha- grafu idatha ngetlasi nofana ngetlasi nofana • Abafundi baragela phambili nokusebenza ngama grafu weenthombe – kokubili isikolo ukwenzela isikolo ukwenzela ukuwakha njenge ngcenye yomzombe wedatha nokuhlaziya igrafu yeenthombe ukuphendula imibuzo ukuphendula imibuzo abanikelwe yona. ebuzwa ngutitjhere. ebuzwa ngutitjhere. Umzombe wedatha opheleleko • Hlela idatha Sebenzisa amathali oyinikelwe ngutitjhere ukurekhoda idatha Emzombeni wokuphatha idatha, nofana yincwadi ngeengaba onikelwe • abafundi babuthelela ilwaziukwenzela ukuphendule imibuzo. Esigabeni Esisisekelo • Hlela idatha ngama: zona. nesiGabeni Esiphakathi umbuzo lo unikelwa ngutitjhere nofana yincwadi; -- Rhelo Jamisela idatha • abafundi bahlela ngamananeko begodu bajamisele ilwazi ngezindlela ezenza bona kube ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 Jamisela idatha nge: lula ukuhlaziya. Iindlela zokutjengisa okusetjenzwa ngazo eGreyidini yesi-3 ngileszi: -- Thali amarhelo, amathali, amathebula, amagrafu weenthombe nama bha grafu; begodu -- Thebula • Thebula • abafundi bahlaziya ilwazi ngokuphendula imibuzo ebuzwa ngutitjhere. • Bha grafu 5.5 Jamisela idatha Ibha grafu yetlasi Hlaziya begodu Jamisela idatha Jamisela idatha nge: urhumutjhe idatha Kuphakanyiswa bona abafundi beGreyidi yesi-3, basebenze ngawowoke umzombe • Grafu yeenthombe wedatha okungasenani kanye ngonyaka: Ukusebenza baboke njenge tlasi kusiza abafundi Phendula imibuzo • Bha grafu bona bazibandakanye kizozoke iinteji ngaphandle kokuthi baduke ngemininingwana ngedatha ethulwe yesinye seenteji. Ukwenza ibha grafu yetlasi kukuvumela bona unqophise abafundi kumabha grafu. Hlaziya begodu emaphuzwini aqakathekileko wokuphatha idatha nokuthula abafundi ezakhiweni 5.6 urhumutjhe idatha eziqakathekileko ze bha grafu. Hlaziya begodu Phendula imibuzo • Igrafu uyilebula kuphi begodu njani (isihloko segrafu) uhlathulule ngedatha ethulwe nge: • Ama-eksisi uwalebula kuphi begodu njani (iinhloko se-eksisi) idatha • Grafu yeenthombe • Ama-bha agwalwa bunjani • Bha grafu. -- Gwala ama-bha, ubude obufaneleko ukutjengisa idatha -- Yenza ama-bha abe nobubanzi obulinganako -- Tjhiya isikhala hlangana nama-bha ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) -- Lebula ibha ngalinye ngokucacileko • Uyifunda njani igrafu
IMIQONDO UBUDE IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA namaminithi YOKU-1 CAPS KONYAKA ama -24) Hlaziya begodu Abafundi kufanele bazi bona kuqakathekile ukufunda isihloko segrafu mantanzi, ukwenzela iimfundo ezi-3 5.6 urhumutjhe idatha bona bazi bonyana idatha iphathelene nani. Kufanele bafunde neenhloko kuma eksisi Phendula imibuzo athabaleleko nama eksisis anqophe poro. Akuthlogeki bona abafundi bazi amaThemu Hlaziya begodu ngedatha ethulwe nge: asetjenzisiweko ukuhlathulula iingcenye zegrafu, okufanele bakwazi ngokuse ‘’eksisini uhlathulule ethabaleleko / ephasi’’ nalokho okuse ‘’ekzisini enqophe poro / eseqadi’’ ukubona bona idatha • Grafu yeenthombe igrafu ikhuluma ngani. • Bha grafu. Ngokujayelekileko, sifunda kusuka ngakwesesincele ukuya ngakwesokudla, kodwana lokha abafundi bafunda igrafu, kufanele bafunde kusuka ngakwesesincele ukuya ngakwesokudla begodu nakusuka phasi ukuya phezulu. Lokhu kufanele kuhlathululelwe abafundi. Nabo kufanele bawa phrakthise amakghono la. Ukusebenza ngawowoke umzombe wedatha kungathatha iimfundo ezi 3. Buthelela begodu uhlele idatha EGreyidini 3 kufanele ubuze imibuzo ovumela abafundi bona babuthewlele idatha isib “Ngimiphi imibala ethandwa litlasi lethu?” Abotitjhere esigabeni lesi kufanele bona baqinisekise bona iinhloko ezihlukahlukeneko zokubuthelela nokuhlaziya idatha ziyakhethwa kwenye nenye igreyidini. Iinhloko ezifaneleko kufaka hlangana imidlalo ethandwako , iinselo ezimakhaza ezithandwako, imibala ethandwako, isikhathi sokuledlha abasithandako, ukudla abakuthandako , amahlelo abawathandako wakamabonwakude , njll Abafundi bangathoma ngokumemezela lokho abakucabangako. Nasele bathole ilwazi lerherho leempendulo, kufanele ubeke ihlelo/ isigaba okufanele bakhethe kizo. Abafundi kufanele baphrakthise koke “okungasi yigrafu” izinto ezizinjamiselo o.u. amarhelo, amathali nama thebula, isib. -- Rhemisa amagama wabafundi ngamunye ngaphasi kwe hlelo / kwesigaba abasikhethe njengabasithandako; -- Tjengisa abafundi bona bangayenza njani ithebula yamathali kususela erhelweni (ukufundisa abafundi bona bangathaliya bunjani kungathatha isifundo soke); no -- Kwenza ithebula ngeenomboro abazithethe ethebuleni yamathali. Lokha idatha sele isethebuleni, tjengisa abafundi bona bangayigwala njani ibha grafu (bona umhlahlandlela ongehla). Hlaziya begodu urhumutjhe idatha Abafundi baphendula imibuzo oyibuzako ngegrafu yeenthombe Isibonelo: a) “Ngimuphi umbala othandwa khulu ngetlasini lethu?” b) “Ngimuphi umbala othandwa bafundi abambalwa ngetlasini?” 381 c) “Kgani abafundi abanengi bathanda …. nofana … ?” d) “Banengi kangangani abafundi abakhetha … kuna … ?” ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
IGREYIDI YESI-3 ITHEMU YESI-2 1. IINOMBORO, AMA-OPHARETJHINI NOBUDLELWANA 382 UBUDE IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO BESIKHATHI IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YESI-2 YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu KONYAKA namaminithi ama -24) 1.1 Bala izinto eziphathekako Buthelela okungasenani izinto Ngikuphi okuhlukileko eThemini yoku-1? Ukubala Linganisa begodu zangamalanga ezima 500 Irherho leenomboro liyangezeleleka ukufika ema-500. Ukungezelela kurherho izinto ubale ngokuthembeka ukulinganisa begodu nokubala leenomboro kucabangela bonyana abafundi banga: okungasenani ukufika e-1000 ngokuthembeka. • buthelela izinto ukwenzela ukubala; izinto zangamalanga. Iqhinga Nikela isilinganiso esizwakalako • bala ngalitjhumi ukufika ema-500 begodu utjho amagama seenomboro lokubuthelela liyakhuthazwa. senani lezinto ezingahlolwa ngokulandelana kwabo; begodu ngokubala. • madanisa itshwayo enanini elibaliweko ngokutlola inomboro nofana ngokubonisa inomboro ngamakarada wobukhulu bedijithi. Qala amanothi weThemu yoku-1 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
UBUDE IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO BESIKHATHI IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YESI-2 YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu CAPS KONYAKA namaminithi ama -24) 1.2 Ukubala uye phambili Ukubala uye phambili Ngikuphi okuhlukileko eThemini yoku-1? Bala uye nemuva nga: nemuva nga: • Ku-1 ukusuka kwenye • Ku-1 ukusuka kwenye nenye Ethemini le abafundi bathoma ukubala ngama-50. Irherho lenomboro njenganje phambili liyangezeleleka ukufika e-1 000. nenye inomboro hlangana inomboro hlangana ne-0 ne- nemuva ne-0 ne-1000. 500. Ethemini le abafundi baragela phambili ukusebenzisa ukubala ngokweqa • Li-10 ukusuka kesinye • Li-10 ukusuka kesinye ethebuleni lokubuyabuyelela begodu kulandelaneni kweenomboro. nesinye isibuyabuyelelo se- nesinye isibuyabuyelelo se-10 Qala amanothi weThemu yoku-1 10 hlangana ne-0 ne-1000. hlangana ne-0 ne-500. • Ku-5 ukusuka kesinye • Ku-5 ukusuka kesinye nesinye isibuyabuyelelo nesinye isibuyabuyelelo saka saka ku-5 hlangana ne-0 ku-5 hlangana ne-0 ne-500. ne-1000. • Ku-2 ukusuka kesinye • Ku-2 ukusuka kesinye nesinye isibuyabuyelelo saka nesinye isibuyabuyelelo ku-2 hlangana ne -0 ne-500. saka ku-2 hlangana ne -0 • Ku-3 ukusuka kesinye ne-1000. nesinye isibuyabuyelelo saka • Ku-3 ukusuka kesinye ku-3 hlangana ne-0 ne-500 nesinye isibuyabuyelelo • Ku-4 ukusuka kesinye saka ku-3 hlangana ne-0 nesinye isibuyabuyelelo saka ne-1000 ku-4 hlangana ne-0 ne-500 • Ku-4 ukusuka kesinye • Ma-20, 25, 50, 100 nesinye isibuyabuyelelo okungasenani ukufika e-500. saka ku-4 hlangana ne-0 ne-1000 • Ma-20, 25, 50, 100 okungasenani ukufika e-1000. 383 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO BESIKHATHI IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA 384 IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YESI-2 YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu KONYAKA namaminithi ama -24) 1.3 • Ukukhumbula, ukubona • Ukukhumbula, ukubona Amatshwayo weenomboro wokufunda nokutlola aragela phambili Amat- begodu nokufunda nokufunda iinomboro ngokujayezwa lokha naka: shwayo amatshwayo iinomboro • Khumbula, ubone begodu • bala izinto; • Khumbula, ubone begodu ufunde amatshwayo weenom- • bala aye phambili nemuva; ufunde amatshwayo wenomboro ukusuka ku-0 boro wenomboro ukusuka ku-0 ukufika ku-1000. • qedelela ukulandelana kweenomboro; begodu ukufika ku-1000. • Tlola amatshwayo wenomboro namgama • hlela begodu amadanisa iinomboro • Tlola amatshwayo ukusuka ku-0 ukufika ku-1000 weenom- wenomboro ukusuka ku-0 • Khumbula, ubone Qala amanithi weThemu yoku-1 boro ukufika ku-1000 begodu ufunde amagama • Khumbula, ubone weenomboro ukusuka eli-0 begodu ufunde amagama ukufika ku-250. weenomboro ukusuka ku-0 • Tlola amagama weenomboro ukufika ku-1000. ukusuka ku-0 ukufika ku-250 • Tlola amagama weenomboro ukusuka ku-0 ukufika ku-1000 1.4 Ukuhlathulula, ukumadanisa Ukuhlathulula, ukumadanisa Ethemini le irherho leenomboro liyangezeleleka ukusuka ema-99 ukufika Hlathulula, nokuhlela iinomboro nokuhlela iinomboro ukufika ema-500. Abafundi kwanje bahlela iinomboro zamadijithi amathathu. Ukuhlela ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 umadanise ukufika ema-999. ema-500 iinomboro zamadijithi amathathu, abafundi batlhoga uku: • Ukuhlathulula • Ukuhlathulula begodu begodu • tjho igama lenomboro; nokumadanisa iinomboro nokumadanisa iinomboro uhlele ezipheleleko ukufika ezipheleleko ukufika ema-500 • tlola inomboro; begodu iinomboro ema- 999 ngokusebenzisa ngokusebenzisa okuncani • Khumbula ubungako bedijithi ngayinye okuncani kuna, okukhulu kuna, okukhulu kuna, okunengi kuna, okunengi kuna, kuna, okumbadlwana kuna Vumela abafundi ukusebenzisa inambalayini, umkhondo wenomboro, amagridi okungaphasi kuna begodu begodu nokulinganako. wenomboro nofana ilwazi labo lokuphula iinomboro ngamakhulu, ngamatjhumi nokulinganako. • Ukuhlathulula begodu nangakunye ukutjengisa ukuzwisia kwabo. Lokha nawuhlela iinomboro • Ukuhlathulula nokuhlela nokuhlela iinomboro abafundi kufanele bakghone ukutjho bonyana kungani inomboro iyikulu iinomboro ezipheleleko ezipheleleko ukufika ema 500 ukudlula enye usebenzisa ubungako bedijithi ukuzihlathulula. ukufika ema-999 ukusuka ukusuka kwencani khulu ukuya Isibonelo: kencani ukuya kekulu, kwekulu khulu, nokusuka kunye nokusuka kekulu uye kwekulu khulu ukuya kwencani ama-239 mancani kuna-339 ngombana kenca ni khulu. Umfundi kufanele akghone ukuhlathulula bonyana ama-300 manengi Ukusebenzisa Ukusebenzisa kunama-200 ngokusebenzisa izinto ezibuthelelweko ukubonisa inomboro 100 inomborosikhundla inomborosikhundla enomborweni ngayinye. Abafundi bangakghona ukuthola ubujamo benomboro ukutjengisa ukuhleleka, ukutjengisa ukuhleleka, emdeni ngokutjho bonyana ama-339 eza emva kwama-239, ngakho-ke ngiyazi indawo namkha ubujamo indawo namkha ubujamo bonyana yikulu. • Ukusebenzisa, • Ukusebenzisa, ukufunda ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) ukufunda nokutlola nokutlola iinomborosikhundla, iinomborosikhundla, ukufaka ukufaka hlangana hlangana nezirhunyeziweko nezirhunyeziweko ezifika ezifika ema-31. ema-31.
UBUDE IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO BESIKHATHI IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YESI-2 YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu CAPS KONYAKA namaminithi ama -24) 1.5 Ukulemuka ubukhulu Ukulemuka ubukhulu bedijithi Ngikuphi okuhlukileko kunethemini yoku-1? Ubukhulu beenomboro zamadijithi beenomboro ukufikela ema Ethemini yesibili abafundi baphula iinomboro zamadijithi amathathu kokuthoma. bedijithi ama-3 ukufika ema-999 500 Umthetho wobukhulu bedijithi ukhulisiwe ukufaka hlangana amakhulu. • Ukwazi bonyana inomboro • Ukwazi bonyana inomboro Ukuzwisisa kwabafundi kobukhulu bedijithi kungathuthukiswa ngokuza yedijithi yinye ijamele ini yedijithi ngayinye ijamele ini imibuzo, enjengokuthola okunengi ngalitjhumi nofana okuncani kunenomboro. • Ukuphula iinomboro • Ukuphula iinomboro Ngesizathu samalemuko wanjalonjalo ekuthuthukiseni umqondo wobukhulu zamadijithi ama-3 zamadijithi amathathu ukufika bedijithi, abafundi kufanele bakghone ukubala nokuzithemba ngama-100, ukufika e-999 ukuya ema-500 ngokubuyabuyelela bavumbulule amaphetheni ahlobene nobukhulu bedijithi begodu nokwakha ngokubuyebuyelela kwe- ngamakhulu, ngamatjhumi nokuphula iinomboro zamadijithi amabili namathathu. 100, ukubuyebuyelela kwe- nangemivo (KTU) Abafundi kufanele banikelwe ithuba elaneleko ukwakha iinomboro zamadijithi 10 begodu nemivo • Ukubona begodu nokutjho amathathu ngamabhlogo weDienes nofana isisekelo samabhlogo ali-10. • Ukubona begodu nokutjho ubungako bedijithi ngayinye Kuqakathekile bonyana bakhe ukwenza i-100 begodu bathome ukubona i-100 ubungako bedijithi ngayinye njengento ezijameleko. Abafundi kufuze babuzwe bonyana ziiqhema ezingaki zama-100 abanazo. Amakarada wobukhulu bedijithi kufuze busetjenziswe ukutjengisa iinomboro. Ukusebenzisa amaDienes nofana isisekelo samabhlogo ali-10, imibuzo nofana iinyalelo ezilandelako zingabuzwa nofana zinikelwle: • Ma-100 amangaki ange: 300, 400, 500? • Yakha iinomboro ezilandelako: 256, 378, 499 Ethemini le abafundi bafunda ukutjho begodu nokutlola phasi ubungako bedijithi enomborweni. Ema-452, ubungako bo-5 matjhumi amahlanu. Ema 325, ubungako bo-5 si-5. Kuqakathekile ukuhlobanisa ilemuko lama-50 nebuthelelo eli5 lamatjhumi begodu oku-5 nabokunye abahlanu abatjhaphulukileko. Amakarada wobukhulu bedijithi aqakatheke ngokulinganako. Amakarada wobukhulu bedijithi asetjenziselwa ukuphula iinomboro ukutjengisa ubungako bedijithi ngayinye Abafundi bangenza amasede wabo wamakarada wobukhulu bedijithi. Imvilobhu ingananyatheliswa emuva kwencwadi zabo zomsebenzi begodu namakarada ahlale lapho. Amakarada angasetjenziswa lokha nabenza ukuhlanganisa begodu kungaba ngenye indlela abayisebenzisako ukuhlola iimpendulo zabo. 385 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO BESIKHATHI IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA 386 IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YESI-2 YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu KONYAKA namaminithi ama -24) 1.5 Ukulemuka ubukhulu Ukulemuka ubukhulu bedijithi Basebenzisa amakarada wabo wamafardi ukutjengisa lokhu: Ubukhulu beenomboro zamadijithi beenomboro ukufikela ema bedijithi ama-3 ukufika ema-999 500 • Ukwazi bonyana inomboro • Ukwazi bonyana inomboro yedijithi yinye ijamele ini yedijithi ngayinye ijamele ini • Ukuphula iinomboro • Ukuphula iinomboro zamadijithi ama-3 zamadijithi amathathu ukufika ukufika e-999 ukuya ema-500 ngokubuyabuyelela ngokubuyebuyelela kwe- ngamakhulu, ngamatjhumi 100, ukubuyebuyelela kwe- nangemivo (KTU) 10 begodu nemivo • Ukubona begodu nokutjho • Ukubona begodu nokutjho ubungako bedijithi ngayinye ubungako bedijithi ngayinye Ukuphula iinomboro zamadijithi amabili ngokubuyabuyelela ngamakhulu, ngamatjhumi nangamivo. Abafundi bangaphula iinomboro nge: • Ubungako bamakhulu, bamatjhumi nemivo isib. 273 = 200 + 70 + 3 (amakarada wobukhulu bedijithi alisizo ekwenzeni lokhu) ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 • Ukubuyabuyelela ngalitjhumi nangakakunye isib. 273 = 2 amakhulu, 7 amatjhumi + 3 emiveni Ukwakha iinomboro zamadijithi amabili eengcenyeni zobukhulu bedijithi Isibonelo: Tlola inomboro: • ikhulu eli 1 namatjhumi ama- 3 • amakhulu ama-2 namatjhumi ama-4 begodu nemivo emi-5 • amakhulu ama-3 namatjhumi ali-9 begodu nemivo emi-2 • amakhulu ama-4 namatjhumi ama-5 begodu nemivo eli-7 Isibonelo: Zalisa: a) 346 = 300 +  + 6 b) 400 + 20 + 8 =  ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
UBUDE IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO BESIKHATHI IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YESI-2 YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu CAPS KONYAKA namaminithi ama -24) UKURARULULA IMIRARO EBUJAMENI OBUTHILEKO. 1.6 Ukusebenzisa amathekhiniki Ukusebenzisa amathekhiniki Abafundi baragela phambili ngokurarulula imiraro yamagama basebenzisa Amathek- alandelako nakurarululwa alandelako nakurarululwa amathekhiniki alandelako: hiniki wok- imiraro begodu kuhlathululwa imiraro: • Ukwakha nokuphula iinomboro urarulula iinsombululo zemiraro: • Ukwakha nokuphula • Ukubuyelela kabili nokuhafula phakathi imiraro • Ukwakha nokuphula iinomboro • Amanambalayini iinomboro • Ukubuyelela kabili nokuhafula Qala amanothi ethemini yoku-1 • Ukubuyelela kabili phakathi nokuhafula phakathi Ngikuphi okuhlukileko kunethemini yoku-1 • Inambalayini • Inambalayini Ukutjhideza • Ukutjhideza etjhumini • Ukutjhideza etjhumini Ethemini le abafundi bathoma ukutjhideza iinomboro eziseduze kwe-10. Ukutjhideza kumhlobo wokulinganisa ojayeleke khulu. Nangabe umfundi naka umlinganisi omuhle ikghono lakhe lokutjhideza lifanele libe ngelitjhugulukako begodu nelizwisiseka kuhle. Ngaphambi kobana abafundi basebenzise ukutjhideza njengethekhniki nabahlanganisa nofana bakhupha, badinga bathome ngozijayeza ithekhniki. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokusebenzisa inambalayini. Isibonelo:   26   27   28   29   30   31   32   33   34   35   36   37   38   39   40   Ama-33 aseduze kwama 30 nofana kwama 40? Ama 37 aseduze kwama 30 nofana 37? Abafundi kufuze bazwisise bonyana: Ama-35 ahlangana kwama-30 begodu nama-40. Sithi i-10 eliseduze nama- 35 ma-40 ngombana sitjhideza eduze netjhumi lokha inomboro ihlangana namatjhumi amabili. Qala amanothi ethemini yesi-2. 387 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 388 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-2 namaminithi ama -24) 1.7 Rarulula imiraro Rarulula imiraro Iimbonelo zemiraro engenziwa ngeThemu le Ukuh- yamagama yamagama Imiraro yokuhlanganisa nokukhupha langanisa ezisebujameni ezisebujameni • UBuyaphi ubuthelele iimvalo zamabhodlela ezima-413. USolani nakangamnikela iimvalo nokukhupha bewuhlathulule bewuhlathulule zamabhodlela ezima 29, uzakuba nenani ezifanako noBuyaphi. iinsombululo zakho iinsombululo zakho zemiraro ezifaka zemiraro ezifaka -- Bazakuba nemuvalo zamabhodlela ezingaki bobabili? ukuhlanganisa ukuhlanganisa -- Bekade aneemvalo zamabhodlela ezingaki uSolani ekuthomeni? nokukhupha nempendulo nokukhupha nempendulo • UKsk.Masimula uboleke amaranda ama-R80.00 kuKsk. Msiza. UKsk. Masimula usele ukufika e-99. ukufika e-400. ngamaranda ama-R366.00. Bekanamalini uKsk. Masimula ekuthomeni? • UMsongelwa ufunda amakhasi ali-115. UTjhejeni ufunda amakhasi ali-126. Ufunde amakhasi amangaki uTjhejeni ukudlula uMsongelwa? • UMbalekwa unamamabula ama-218. Unamamabula ama-97 ngaphasi kewaka-Anna. Unamamabula amangaki u-Anna? 1.8 Rarulula imiraro Rarulula imiraro Iimbonelo zemiraro engenziwa ethemini le Ukuh- yamagama yamagama Qala ezinye iimbonelo zeThemu yoku-1 begodu utjhugulule irherho lenomboro ngefanelo langanisa ezisebujameni ezisebujameni • Umenenjari kufanele a-ode amatayere webhesi abu-8. Nakube ibhesi ngayinye itlhoga okubuyele- bewuhlathulule bewuhlathulule ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 amatayere asithandathu nespere, matayere amangaki okufuze bonyana umenenjara lwako iinsombululo zakho iinsombululo zakho awa-ode? okurholela zemiraro, ezifaka zemiraro, ezifaka ukubuyabuyelela ukubuyabuyelela • Idanyana lokududa lesikolo libubude bamamithara ali-10. Umenzi ududa ubude ekubuy- okunempendulo ufikela okunempendulo ufikela beengaba ezisithandathu. Udude wafika kuphi? abuyeleleni e-100. e-75. Umhlobo womraro : Irhemo • Isivande somrorho sinamareyi ali-12 weentjalo. Ireyi ngayinye ineentjalo ezi-7. Ziintjalo ezingaki ezikhona ngesivandeni? • Isivande somrorho sinamareyi ali-12 weentjalo. Ireyi ngayinye inenani elifanako leentjalo. Nakube kunenani leentjalo eli- 48, kuneentjalo ezingaki ereyini ngayinye? • Isivande somrorho sineentjalo ezi-48 ezitjalwe ngereyi. Ireyi ngayinye ineentjalo ezi-7. Kunamareyi amangaki? Ukumadanisa/Iretjhiyo • UDzubhana unamaswidi asi 6. UDzubhana unamaswidi abuyelelwe kathathu kunewaka uLindokuhle. UMoeketsi unamaswidi amangaki? • UKunubhe unamswidi ali-18. Lokhu kunengi ngokubuyelelwe kathathu ukudlula uDzubhana anakho. UDzubhana unamaswidi amangaki? Umhlobo lo womraro uthulwa kokuthoma ethemini yesi 2. Abafundi bangathatha isikhathi ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) eside ukurarulula imiraro yemihlobo le.
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-2 namaminithi CAPS ama -24) 1.9 Ukurarulula Ukurarulula Iimbonelo zemiraro engenziwa ethemini le imiraro yamagama imiraro yamagama Ziinkoloyi ezingaki ezizotlhogeka ukukhambisa abafundi aba-24 nakube abane Uku- ezisebujameni ezisebujameni buthelela bangalingana ekoloyini yinye? bewuhlathulule bewuhlathulule nokukwaba iinsombululo zakho iinsombululo zakho Kunamakowusu ama 65 ngelayini. Kunamapara wamakowusu amangaki? okurholela ufake ukwabelana ufake ukwabelana Ukubuthelela Ukuhlanganisa iinomboro ezinamadijithi ekuhlukaniseni ngokulingana ngokulingana ama-3 ngezinye Ugijimani uthengisa imigodla enamalamune alitjhumi umgodla ngamunye.ezinamadijithi Unamalamune ama-3 nokubuthelela nokubuthelela ngeenqema ngeenqema ama 40. Angazalisa imigodla mingaki? kweenomboro kweenomboro UMsongelwa unamaswidi ama-66. Udla amaswidi ama-3 ngelanga. Uzakudla amaswidi ezipheleleko ukufika ezipheleleko ukufika amalanga amangaki? e-100 kanye nempendulo e-75 kanye nempendulo ezingahle zifaka iinsalela ezingahle zifaka iinsalela 1.10 Ukurarulula Ukurarulula Ethemini yoku-1 abafundi bathulelwa amafrakhtjhini angakahleleki isib. Amakotara ama-3 bewuhlathulule bewuhlathulule nofana uku-2 kokuthathu. Ukwabelana iinsombululo zemiraro iinsombululo zemiraro Iimbonelo zemiraro engenziwa ethemini le okurholela ephathekako efaka ephathekako efaka ekuhlu- a) Ukwabelana, okurholela emafrakhtjhinini hlangana ukwabelana hlangana ukwabelana kaniseni b) Ukwaba amaqa weentina zetjhokoledi abu-8 hlangana kwabangani aba-3 ukuze boke ngokulingana erholela ngokulingana erholela empendulweni empendulweni bathole inani elilinganako lamaqa weentina zetjhokoledi begodu akukasali litho zamafraktjhini wohlavu zamafraktjhini wohlavu c) Ifraktjhini yokubuthelela olulodwa nalayo olulodwa nalayo d) Thola ikotara yi-1 yamaswidi ama-20. angenahlavu eyodwa. angenahlavu eyodwa. 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 e) Amaswidi asi-6 ayifraktjhini yiphi yamaswidi ama-24 isib. 2 , 4 , 5 , 4 , 5 njll. isib. 2 , 4 , 5 , 4 , 5 njll. f) Ugogo unikela uKiki amaranda ali-R12. Ukiki ufuna ukubulunga okuthathu kwemali. Yimalini okufuze ayibulunge? Umhlobo lo womraro kufuze ibuzwe kuphela ngemuva kokuba abafundi bararulule imiraro emine nofana emihlanu yokwabelana, ukurholela emihlobeni yamafrakhtjhini nokwazi amagama wengcenye zamafrakhtjhini. Ukutlola Abafundi akukafuneki bonyana batlole itshwayo lefrakhtjhini. Abafundi baragela phambili ngokulebula ingcenye zamafrakhtjhini njengo 1 kokuhlanu, amakotara ama-3 nofana oku-3 kwesithandathu. Ukujamela amafrakhtjhini wemiraro yamagama Abafundi kufanele bagwale iimpendulo zabo ukutjengisa bonyana bazwisisa imiraro. Lindela bonyana abanye abafundi bangagwala kuhle kodwana bahluleka ukubiza ingcenye yefrakhtjhini. Siza abafundi laba ukubiza kuhle amafrakhtjhini ngefanelo (qala amanothi 389 wokutjho amafrakhtjhini ngaphasi kokubala zobujamo obutjhaphulukileko) Abafundi bafanele batjho iingcenye ezabiweko ngokuzitlola njenga- 2 kobuthathu. ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 390 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-2 namaminithi ama -24) 1.11 • Ukukhumbula • Ukukhumbula Iimbonelo zemiraro engenziwa ethemini le: Imali nokubona iinhlavu nokubona iinhlavu • Ubungako bemali nokwenza amanani woke isib. nemali yamaphepha nemali yamaphepha -- Ukutlola ama-525c ngamaranda nangamasende. yeSewula Afrika yeSewula Afrika -- Kungeendlela ezihlukeneko ezingaki ongenza amaranda ama-R400 usebenzisa imali • Ukurarulula imiraro • Ukurarulula imiraro yamaphepha yodwa? Wazi bunjani bonyana unazo zoke iisombululo? yemali efaka hlangana yemali efaka inani loke begodu hlangana inani loke -- UThabo una-50c begodu nama-20c amane. Amathofi abiza i-R1,20. uzothola itjhentjhi netjhentjhi emaranda begodu netjhentjhi yamalini? namasende ngamaranda nofana • UMandla ubhadela ama-R2,50 ukukhwela iteksi eya esikoleni. • Ukutjhugulula ngamasende -- Kumbiza malini ukuya nokubuya esikoleni ilanga ngalinye? amaRandi namasende -- Isitimela sibiza amaranda asi R6 ukuya nokubuya. Ngiyiphi engabiziko, sitimela nofana yiteksi? • Imiraro yokuthenga nokuthengisa -- Ugogo kaPendulo umnikele amaranda ama-R5. Amakuke wetjhokoladi ma- R2,70, amatjhungamu a-R1,80; amaswidi weemzobe amunyu a-R1,40; amaswidi wamaperegisi a-R1,60; amaminti womlingo ama-R2,20; amathofi a-R1,20. Angathenga amaswidi maphi ama 3? ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 -- UZumnandi uthenge iincwadi ezintathu ngama-R80 incwadi ngayinye; uzothola itjhentjhi yamalini ma-R300? -- Amaphakethe wamaminti ama-5 abiza ama-44c lilinye. UMnu. uMthimunye uthloga amaminti ama-88. Kufanele athenge amaphakethe amangaki? Uzobhadela malini? • Iimbhesi ezintathu zikhamba endleleni ekulu ebhadalelwako begodu zibhadale amaranda ama-R40 ibhesi ngayinye. Babhadela malini nasele zizoke? ( kulindeleke bonyana abafundi bazosebenzisa imiraro yokuhlanganisa okubuyelelweko lapho ubungako beranda bubukhulu khona) ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-2 namaminithi CAPS ama -24) UBUJAMO BOKUBALA OBUTJHAPHULUKILEKO. 1.12 Ukusebenzisa Ukusebenzisa Abafundi balindeleke ukusebenzisa amathekniki alandelako nabenza iimbalo zobujamo Amathek- amathekniki alandelako amathekniki alandelako obutjhaphulukile: niki (Iindlela nakwenziwa iimbalo: nakwenziwa iimbalo: • Ukwakha nokuphula iinomboro nofana am- • Ukwakha nokuphula • Ukwakha nokuphula • Ukubuyelela kabili nokuhafula phakathi athekniki) iinomboro iinomboro • Amanambalayini • Ukubuyelela kabili • Ukubuyelela kabili • Ukutjhideza ngamatjhumi nokuhafula phakathi nokuhafula phakathi Vumela abafundi bona bakhethe ithekiniki ezokwanelisa bona. Noma kunjalo, lokha • Amanambalayini • Amanambalayini abafundi basebenzisa amathekhiniki angabanikeli ikghono, kufaneke bayeleliswe • Ukutjhideza • Ukutjhideza ngeendlela zokwenza ezingaba lirhelebho kibo. ngamatjhumi ngamatjhumi Qala amanothi wethemini yoku 1 aphathelene no • kwakha nokuphula iinomboro • kubuyelela kabili nokuhafula phakathi; begodu • Amanambalayini Ukutjhideza ngamatjhumi Qala ihlathululo esigabeni sokurarulula imiraro sethemini yesi-2. 391 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 392 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-2 namaminithi ama -24) 1.13 • Ukuhlanganisa • Ukuhlanganisa Ngikuphi okuhlukileko eThemini yesi-2? Ukuh- ukufikela ema -999 ukufikela ema -400 Ethemini le abafundi babala ngeenomboro zamadijithi amathathu kokuthoma. Ukuze ubale langanisa • Ukukhupha ukusuka • Ukukhupha ukusuka ngeenomboro zamadijithi amathathu ngokuzithemba, kufanele ukuba sebakghona uku: nokukhupha ema -999 ema -40 • Funda nokutlola amatshwayo weenomboro ukufika ema-400; • Ukusebenzisa • Ukusebenzisa • Hlela begodu umadanise iinomboro ukufika okungasenani ema-400; amatshwayo afaneleko amatshwayo afaneleko (+, –, =, ) (+, –, =, ) • bala ngeenqhema ukufika ema-400; begodu • Ukuzijayeza • Ukuzijayeza • Bala ngeenkhewu zanga 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 50 begodu ne-100 ukufika ema-400. ukulumbana ukulumbana Ethemini le abafundi baragela phambili ukuphula iinomboro ukuze babale. Ukwakha kweenomboro ukufika kweenomboro ukufika nokuphula iinomboro kuhlala kungelinye lamaqhinga aqakathekile abafundi ema-30 ema 30 abazowasebenzisa ngeThemu le. Iindlela zamakghono ezenzekako zokutjengisa iimbalo zokuhlanganisa nokukhupha. • Ukuphula inomboro ngeengcenye ezincani ukwenza ukubala kube lula. Amaqhinga amanengi asetjenziswa bafundi afaka hlangana ukuphula iinomboro. Baragela phambili ukwenza njalo ngeenomboro zamadijithi amathathu. • Ukuhlanganisa ngokuphula inomboro yinye ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 Ukuhlanganisa amadijithi amathathu namadijithi amabili Isibonelo: 324 + 82 =  324 + 82 = (300 + 20 + 4) + (80 + 2) = 300 + (20 + 80)+ (4 + 2) = (300 + 100) + 6 = 400 + 6 = 406 Isibonelo: Ukuhlanganisa iinomboro ezinamadijithi amathathu nezinye ezinamadiji amathathu Ukuphula iinomboro zombili 323 + 136 =  323 + 136 =(300 + 20 + 3) + (100 + 30 + 6) = (300 + 100) + (20 + 30) + (3 + 6) = 400 + 50 + 9 ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) = 459
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-2 namaminithi CAPS ama -24) 1.13 • Ukuhlanganisa • Ukuhlanganisa • Ukuhlanganisa (ngokuphula inomboro ezohlanganiswa) Ukuh- ukufikela ema -999 ukufikela ema -400 Abafundi bazophula inomboro ngeendlela ezilawulekako kibo. Lokhu kutjho bonyana langanisa • Ukukhupha ukusuka • Ukukhupha ukusuka bazokwenza ngeendlela ezihlukahlukeneko. nokukhupha ema -999 ema -40 Isibonelo Isibonelo • Ukusebenzisa • Ukusebenzisa 324 + 82 =  amatshwayo afaneleko amatshwayo afaneleko (+, –, =, ) (+, –, =, ) 324 + (40 + 40 + 2) 323 + 136 =  • Ukuzijayeza • Ukuzijayeza ukulumbana ukulumbana 324 + 40 → 364 + 40 → 404 + 2 = 406 323 + 136 = 323 + (100 + 30 + 6) kweenomboro ukufika kweenomboro ukufika = (323 + 100) + 30 + 6 ema-30 ema 30 = (423 + 30) + 6 = 453 + 6 = 459 Ukubala ngama-40 ukusukela ema-324 kungenziwa ngokubala ngali-10. • Ukukhupha • Ukuphula iinomboro zombili Iinomboro zamadijithi amathathu ukhuphe zamadijithi amabili Isibonelo: 389 – 137 =  389 – 137 = (300 + 80 + 9) – (100 + 30 + 7) = (300 – 100) + (80 – 30) + (9 – 7) = 200 + 50 + 2 = 252 Ukukhupha ngokuphula inomboro yinye Isibonelo: 389- 137 =  389 – (100 + 30 + 7) 389- 100 → 289- 30 → 259- 7 = 252 Ukusebenzisa ukuhafula phakathi ukuphula inomboro Isibonelo: 225 + 16 = 225 + 8 +8 393 = (225 + 8) + 8 = 233 + 8 = 241 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 394 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-2 namaminithi ama -24) 1.13 • Ukuhlanganisa • Ukuhlanganisa • Bala uye phambili begodu nemuva Ukuh- ukufikela ema -999 ukufikela ema -400 305 + 298 =  langanisa • Ukukhupha ukusuka • Ukukhupha ukusuka Ukubala uye phezulu ngakunye ukusuka ema-298 kuliqhinga elifaneleko ngombana nokukhupha ema -999 ema -40 iinomboro zitjhidelene. • Ukusebenzisa • Ukusebenzisa • Ukubona Ukubuyelela kabili okuseduze amatshwayo afaneleko amatshwayo afaneleko (+, –, =, ) (+, –, =, ) Isibonelo: • Ukuzijayeza • Ukuzijayeza 145 + 146 = 191 ukuhlathulula bonyana kubuyabuyelela kabili kwe-145 hlanganisa na- 1 ukulumbana ukulumbana nofana ukubuyabuyelela kabili kwe-145 khupha ku-1. kweenomboro ukufika kweenomboro ukufika 145 + 145 + 1 ema-30 ema 30 (100 + 40 + 5) + (100 + 40 + 5) + 1 (100 + 100) + (40 + 40) + (5 + 5 + 1) 200 + 80 + 11 280 + 11 280 + 10 + 1 290 + 1 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 291 • Tjhugululela inomboro ekubuyabuyeleni ngetjhumi begodu ukhuphe nofana uhlanganise kanye. Bala uye phezulu nofana ubale uye phansi eduze ne 10 Isibonelo: 288 + 11 288 + 10 = 298 298 – 1 = 297 Isibonelo: 188 + 19 188 + 20 = 208 208 – 1 = 207 Ukuthuthukisa nokujayeza amakghono wokuhlanganisa nokukhupha. Abafundi kufanele bajayeze imihlobo eminye yamakghono wokuhlanganisa nokukhupha. • Ukujayeza amabhondi ukufika ema 30 ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) • Hlangansa begodu ukhuphe ukubuyabuyelela nge 10 Abafundi kufanele babe namathuba wokwenza imihlobo elandelako yokubala ngeenomboro ezifika ema 400:
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-2 namaminithi CAPS ama -24) 1.13 • Ukuhlanganisa • Ukuhlanganisa Hlanganisa nofa ukhuphe ipara yokubuyabuyelela nge 10, uvkweqela ema- 100 Ukuh- ukufikela ema -999 ukufikela ema -400 40 + 70 langanisa • Ukukhupha ukusuka • Ukukhupha ukusuka 70 + 80 nokukhupha ema -999 ema -40 120 – 30 • Ukusebenzisa • Ukusebenzisa 150 – 60 amatshwayo afaneleko amatshwayo afaneleko Hlanganisa nofana ukhuphe i-10 ukuya nofana ukusuka kwenye nenye inomboro (+, –, =, ) (+, –, =, ) yamadijithi amabili nofana amathathu, kufaka hlangana ukweqela ema 100.. • Ukuzijayeza • Ukuzijayeza Isibonelo: ukulumbana ukulumbana 65 + 10 kweenomboro ukufika kweenomboro ukufika ema-30 ema 30 124 + 10 326 - 10 358 - 10 Hlanganisa nofana ukhuphe inomboro enedijithi yinye nofana enomborweni enamadijithi amathathu ngaphandle kokweqela ngematjhumini. Isibonelo: 234 +5 475 +  = 479 768 – 4 Hlanganisa begodu uhlukanise inomboro enedijithi yinye ukuya nokusuka ekubuyabuyeleni nge 100. Isibonelo: 200 + 4 300 + 3 300 - 6 400 - 5 Thoma ukuhlanganisa nokukhupha ipara yokubuyabuyelela nge 100 100 + 100 100 + 200 Abafundi kufanele banikelwe amathuba wokuzijayeza amaphetheni ekuhlanganiseni nekukhupheni. Nangazi bonyana 1+ 1 = 2 Ngakho-ke yini i: 10 + 10 395 100 + 100 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 396 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-2 namaminithi ama -24) 1.13 • Ukuhlanganisa • Ukuhlanganisa Ukuhlola imiphumela yokubala Ukuh- ukufikela ema -999 ukufikela ema -400 Ukuhlola ukuzwakala kweensombululo langanisa • Ukukhupha ukusuka • Ukukhupha ukusuka Abafundi kufanele babandulwe ukuhlola ukuzwakala kweensombululo. Enye indlela nokukhupha ema -999 ema -40 yokwenza lokhu kulinganisa iimpendulo zabo ngaphambi kokubala. Lokha uhlanganisa • Ukusebenzisa • Ukusebenzisa iinomboro ezimbili ezitjhideleneko isib. i-145 ne-146, abafundi bangasebenzisa ukubuyelela amatshwayo afaneleko amatshwayo afaneleko kabili njengendlela yokulinganisa iimpendulo zabo. (+, –, =, ) (+, –, =, ) Ukuhlola iinsombululo • Ukuzijayeza • Ukuzijayeza Abafundi kufanele bazi bonyana banga ukulumbana ukulumbana • Hlola isibalo sokuhlanganisa ngokukhupha. Isibonelo: Nangabe 236 + 18 = 254; bese kweenomboro ukufika kweenomboro ukufika ama 254 – 18 = 236; begodu ema-30 ema 30 • Hlola isibalo sokukhupha ngokuhlanganisa. Isibonelo: 384 – 48 = 336, bese 336 + 48 = 384. Ukusebenzisa itshwayo lokubala eliphekghukileko ukuhlola iinsombululo ngesinye seenzathu zokufundisa ukuhlanganisa nokukhupha ndawonye. ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 red ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-2 namaminithi CAPS ama -24) 1.13 • Ukuhlanganisa • Ukuhlanganisa Ethemini le abafundi baragela phambili ngoku: Ukuh- ukufikela ema -999 ukufikela ema -400 • sebenzisa nokuzwisisa ilimi lokubuyabuyelela; langanisa • Ukukhupha ukusuka • Ukukhupha ukusuka • jamela ukubuyabuyelela njengerhemo; nokukhupha ema -999 ema -40 • sebenzisa amatshwayo afaneleko ukurhumutjha imitjho yeenomboro; • Ukusebenzisa • Ukusebenzisa • zwisisa bonyana ukuhlanganisa okubuyelweko kungajanyelwa ngokusebenzisa itshwayo amatshwayo afaneleko amatshwayo afaneleko lokubuyabuyelela; (+, –, =, ) (+, –, =, ) • jayeza begodu uzwisise bonyana ukubuyabuyelela kungenziwa ngenye nenye indlela • Ukuzijayeza • Ukuzijayeza (umthetho nofana ihlelo elihlanakelekako); begodu ukulumbana ukulumbana kweenomboro ukufika kweenomboro ukufika • sebenzisa inambalayini ukubonisa iimbalo zokubuyabuyelela begodu ukghone ema-30 ema 30 ukuhlathulula ukujanyelwa (imeqo ikhomba bunjani ukuhlanganisa okubuyelelweko) Abafundi bangaragela phambili ukusebenzisa amarhemo ukutlola ukuhlanganisa okubuyelelweko nemitjho yokubuyabuyelela yeenomboro. Isibonelo:   Tlola imitjho yeenomboro yokuhlanganisa kabili nokubuyabuyelela kabili kwerhemo. orange   red   Imifanekiso esetjenziswe ukuhlathulula ukubuyabuyelela ingavulwa. dark  green   dark  green   Ithebula yokubuyabuyelela ingathulwa. Isibonelo: purple   purple   purple   purple   red   red   red   red   red   red   × 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 W   W   W   W   W   W   W   W   W   W   W   W   1 2 3 4 5 Ukuvuma/ukurhwelela amathebula kungenziwa. Abafundi abakafaneli ukwazi amathebula eGreyidini yesi-3. Umnqopho uselimini, elivumela isithombe sehloko kwesiqhema. 397 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 398 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-2 namaminithi ama -24) 1.14 • Buyabuyelela • Buyabuyelela ukuya Isibonelo: Ukuh- iinomboro ukuya nga- nga-2, 4, 5, 10 kunani • okubili ngakunye kubili langanisa 2, 3, 4, 5, 10 kunani lama-50 • okubili ngakubili kune okubuyele- le-100. • Ukusebenzisa • okubili ngakuthathu sithandathu lwako • Ukusebenzisa amatshwayo afaneleko okurholela amatshwayo afaneleko ( x, =, ) • okubili ngakune bunane ekubuy- ( x, =, ) • okubili ngakuhlanu litjhumi abuyeleleni • okubili ngasithandathu litjhumi nambili • okubili ngakhomba litjhumi elinakune • okubili ngobunane litjhumi nesithandathu • okubili ngalithoba litjhumi nobunane • okubili ngetjhumi matjhumi amabili Ukukutjho ngalendlela kusekela ilwazi elithuthukiswe ekuhlanganiseni ngokubuyelela. Ukuvuma/ukurhwelela kufanele kusekelwe ngokukhomba ekubaleni ngokulandelana nofana inambalayini. Abafundi bangasebenzisa amatjhadi naneko ukurekhoda amaphuzu wokubuyabuyelela ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 isib. isibonelo   Input Okungeniswako Okuphumako Output 1 Umthetho Rule 3 5 7 ×  !     9 ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-2 namaminithi CAPS ama -24) 1.15 • Ukuhlukanisa • Ukuhlukanisa Ethemini yesibili abafundi baragela phambili ukujayeza nokuhlanganisa ndawonye Ukuhlu- iinomboro ukufika iinomboro ukufika basebenzisa itshwayo lokuhlukanisa. Kufanele bazwisise bonyana umutjho wokuhlukanisa kanisa kuma-99 nga- kuma-50 nga-,2,4,5,10 wenomboro ungahlathulula isimo esifaka hlangana ukubuthelela nofana ukwabelana. 1,2,3,4,5,10 • Ukusebenzisa Ngikuphi okuhlukileko kunethemini yoku-1? • Ukusebenzisa amatshwayo Ethemini le abafundi bafanele bakghone ukutlola nokuhlathulula imitjho yokuhlukanisa amatshwayo ngefanel ( ngefanelo. ( ÷, =, ) ekhambelanako: ÷, =, ) Abafundi bafanele bakghone ukurekhoda okulandelako: 30 ÷ 6 =  begodu ama- 30 ÷ 5 =  Abafundi kufuze godu bathuthukise amaqhinga wokutlola iimbalo zokuhlukanisa. Isibonelo: Ukukhupha okubuyelelweko Ukuze babale 12 ÷ 4 =  Abafundi kufuze basebenzise iinthombe ukubonisa iinqhema nokuwabelana.                    One group Isiqhema of 4 sinye Isiqhema   One groupsinye Isiqhema of 4   One sinye group of 4   sanga-4 sanga-4 sanga-4 Abela isiqhema sinye sanga-4 godu isiqhema sesibili sanga-4 begodu nesiqhema sesithathu sanga-4. 12- 4 → 8 – 4 → 4- 4 = 0 Njengalokha isiqhema sinye sanga-4 sibekwa ngeqadi abafundi bangakhupha oku-4 kokuthoma begodu babale bonyana banazingaki eziseleko. Baragela phambili ngokwenza lokhu babe bakhuphe koke. Ukugandelela egreyidini yesi-3 kufanele kube sesiqhemeni kunokwabelana. Ukwenza ukukhupha okubuyelelweko ngerherho lenomboro kulungile. Abafundi kuzofanele banikelwe imitjho yokuhlukanisa yeenomboro ukuzalisa evumela ukwenza ukukhupha okubuyelelweko. Ukwenza ukukhupha okubuyelelwe kwa 96 ÷ 3 akusiliqhinga elilungile nofana iqhinga elisebenzako ngombana irherho leenomboro liphezulu khulu. Ekuthomeni kungaba budisi ebafundini ukubona bonyana ngimiphi imitjho yeenomboro (ngiliphi irherho leenomboro) elifaneleko ukwenza ukukhupha okubuyelelweko. 399 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA 400 IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu KONYAKA namaminithi YESI-2 ama -24) 1.16 Umqondo nomboro: Irherho Umqondo nomboro: Umqondonomboro Iimbalo ukufika 999 Irherho ukufika e-500 Iimbonelo zemibuzo engabuzwa: zehloko • Hlela isede enikelweko • Hlela isede enikelweko Amabizo weenomboro namatshwayo yeenomboro ezikhethiweko yeenomboro Phakamisa ikarada nofana utlole phasi ibizo lenomboro. Khetha umfundi atlole • Madanisa iinomboro ukufika ezikhethiweko. Irherho ukumadaniswa kweenomboro. ema-999 begodu utjho bonyana ukufika ema-500 Okunengi nofana okumbadlwana ngiyiphi enengi nofana encani • Madanisa iinomboro Khuyini: nga 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, begodu ne- 10 ukufika ema-500 begodu utjho bonyana • okuncani ngaku-1 kunama-500 Ukukhumbula msinyana: ngiyiphi enengi nofana • okunengi ngaku-1 kunama-499 • Amaphuzu wokuhlanganisa encani nga-1, 2, 3, 4, 5, • okunengi ngaku-2 kunama-502 nokukhupha ukufikela ema-20 ne 10 • Ukubuyabuyelela nge-10 • okumbadlwana ngaku-2 kunama-405 Ukukhumbula • okunengi ngaku-3 kunama-477 ngokuhlanganisa nofana msinyana: ngokukhupha ukusuka e-0 • okumbadlwana ngaku-3 kunama-251 ukufika e-100. • Ukukhumbula • okumbadlwana ngaku-4 kune-185 amaphuzu • Amaphuzu wokubuyabuyelela • okunengi nge-10 ngama-490 wokuhlanganisa begodu nokuhlukanisawoku: ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 nokukhupha ukufika • okumbadlwana nge-10 ngama-660 • Ithebula lokubuyabuyelela e- 20 Ngiyiphi iledere yesi-5 ye-alfabhethi? ngaku-2 ukufika ku-2 x 10 • Hlanganisa Ngiyiphi inyanga ye-9 enyakeni? • Ithebula nofana ukhuphe lokubuyabuyelengali-10 ukufika Ukuhlela nokumadanisa iimbuyabuyeleli ze-10 ku-10 x 10 ukusukela e-0 ukuya Ngiyiphi enengi: 621 nofana 671? Amaqhinga wokubala e-100 Nikela inomboro ehlangana ne-154 ne-159. Ukusebenzisa amaqhinga Amaqhinga wokubala Amaphuzu wokuhlanganisa nokukhupha: wokubala alandelako: Sebenzisa amaqhinga Qala amanothi weThemi yoku-1. • Beka inomboro ekulu maqangi wokubala alandelako: ukuze ubale uye phambili Hlanganisa nofana ukhuphe ukubuyabuyelela ngali-10 ukusuka e 100. • Beka inomboro ekulu nofana uye emuva maqangi ukuze ubale Magadango amangaki okufanele athathwe enambalayini ukusuka e-30 ukufika uye phambili nofana e-100 nofana ukusuka e-100 ukufika e-50. • Inambalayini uye emuva Thola amapara wamakarada ukwenza i -100. • Ukubuyelela nokuhafula • Inambalayini. Faka iinomboro ngemabhoksini ukwenza i-100. • Ukwakha nokuphula • Ukubuyelela nokuhafula  + 70 = 100 • Ukusebenzisa ubudlelwana obuphakathi kokuhlanganisa • Ukwakha nokuphula 20 +  = 100 nokukhupha. • Ukusebenzisa 100 –  = 90 ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) • sebenzisa ubudlelwano ubudlelwana hlangana 100 – 40 =  hlangana kokubuyabuyelela kokuhlanganisa Amaqhinga weembalo nokuhlukanisa nokukhupha. Qala amanothi eThemu yoku-1
UBUDE IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu KONYAKA namaminithi YESI-2 CAPS ama -24) 1.17 • Sebenzisa bewutjho Ethemini le abafundi baragela phambili uku: Amafrak- amafraktjhini ajayelekileko • funda amabizo weengcenye zamafraktjhini; tjhini akufaka hlangana iinquntu, • sebenzisa amabizo ngebujameni obuhlukeneko; amakota, iingcenye zangobunane, iingcenye • fanisa ingcenye yefraktjhini; zangobuthathu, iingcenye • thoma ukuzwisisa okuhlobene ngobukhulu; zangasithandathu, iingcenye • thola amafraktjhini wezinto; begodu zangahlanu • Funda ngokulingana kwamafraktjhini. • Ukubona amafraktjhini Ethemini le abafundi bamadanisa amafraktjhini. ebujameni obuyidayagremu • Ukusebenzisa imitletle yamafraktjhini nofana neenlinganiso zeCuisenaire. • Thoma ukubona bonyana iinquntu ezi-2 nofana ubuthathu Isibonelo: obu-3 benza kunye okuzeleko Imifuziselo le ilungele ukufundisa abafundi ukutjho amafraktjhini nokuwamadanisa. nokuthi ihafu yinye namakotara Isibonelo: ma-2 ayalingana. orentji bomvu   hlaza satjani hlaza satjani Tlola amafraktjhini njengehafu sasipiriti sasipiriti sasipiriti sasipiriti yi-1, ku-2 kwethathu bomvu bomvu bomvu bomvu bomvu bomvu w w w w w w w w w w w w Bonisa itjhadi lamafraktjhini akhombisa oku-1 okupheleko, iinquntu, ubuthathu, amakotara, ubuhlanu, ubuthandathu, ububunane, ubulitjhumi. orange   red   Kuqakathekile bonyana abafundi basebenze ngensetjenziswa eziphathekako dark  green   dark  green   elineenthombe. bangamadanisi amafrakhtjhini basebenzisa itjhadi lamafrakhtjhini purple   purple   purple   purple   nezinye. Abafundi kufuze basebenzise izinto ngokuzimeda bazimadanise red   red   red   red   red   red   Imibuzo elandelako ingabuzwa: W   W   W   W   W   W   W   W   W   W   W   W   • Mangaki amahafu alingana nokupheleleko? • Makotara amangaki alingana okupheleleko? • Makotara amangaki asehafini eyodwa? Vumela abafundi babeke imitletlana magega nayo ukuthola iimpendulo. • Kukunye kwesithathau okungaki okulingana nokuphelelekko? • Kukunye kwesithandathu okungaki okulingana nakunye kwesithathu? • Kukunye kwesithandathu okungaki okulingana nehafu? • Buthandathu obungaki obulungana isiquntu? 401 • Ngiyiphi ekulu, ku-1 kwesithathu nofana ihafu yi-1? • Ngiyiphi ekulu ku-2 kwesithathu nofana amakotara ama-3? ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
IGREYIDI YESI-3 ITHEMU YESI-2 2. AMAPHETHENI, AMAFANKTJHINI NE-ALJIBHRA 402 UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-2 namaminithi ama -24) 2.1 Kopulula, ngezelela Kopulula, ngezelela Ragela phambili ngokunikela abafundi irherho elifanako lamaphetheni njengalawo Isifundo esi-1 Amapheth- begodu uhlathulule begodu uhlathulule. aseThemini yoku-1, kodwana ufake hlangana woke amajamo amatjha begodu nezinto eni weJi- Kopulula, ungezelela Kopulula, ungezelela emaphethenini njengombana kusetjenzwa ngawo kusiKhala nobuJamo. Qala amanothi yomethri begodu uhlathulule begodu uhlathulule wamaphetheni weThemu yoku-1 namanothi weSikhala Nobujamo eThemini yesi-2. ngamagama ngamagama • amaphetheni alula • amaphetheni alula Vumela abafundi bonyana bakopulule mantanzi, bese bayangezelele emaswapheleni enziwe ngezinto enziwe ngezinto bahlathulule amaphetheni. Njenganje, bafanele bakwazi ukuhlathulula amaphetheni eziphathekako eziphathekako ngaphandle kokurhelejwa imibuzo ebarholako. Ragela phambili nokunqophisa • amaphetheni alula • amaphetheni alula ekuthuthukiseni ilimi abalitlhogako ukuhlathulula amaphetheni. enziwe ngemigwalo enziwe ngemigwalo yemida, amajamo yemida, amajamo nofana izinto nofana izinto Ukuzakhela Ukuzakhela amaphetheni wakhe amaphetheni wakhe ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 Ukuzakhela amaphetheni Amaphetheni alula wakhe weJiyomethri lapho ubujamo, nofana ngezinto eziphathekako iinqhema zobujamo zibuyelelwe ngendlela ngokugwala imida, efana poro amajamo nofana izinto Amaphetheni lapho Amaphetheni inomboro nofana asizungelezileko isayizi yamajamo Ukubona , ukuhlathulula ezingeni ngalinye ngamagama itjhuguluka ngendlela nokukopulula enebonelo phambili o.u. amaphetheni amaphetheni akhula wejiyomethri ngendlela eqhelileko • eemvelweni Ukuzakhela • ebuphilweni amaphetheni wakhe bangamalanga Ukuzakhela amaphetheni banamhlanje wakhe wejiyomethri : • elifeni lamasiko wethu ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) • ngezinto eziphathekako • ngokugwala imida, amajamo nofana izinto
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-2 namaminithi CAPS ama -24) 2.2 Kopulula, ngezelela Kopulula, ngezelela Qala amanothi we Themu yoku- 1, Iimfundo ezi-3 Amaphe- begodu uhlathulule begodu uhlathulule Ngezelela irherho leenomboro nokulandelana kokubala ngendlela elandelako theni Kopulula, ngezelela Kopulula, ngezelela • ngabo ku-1 ukusuka kunanyana ngiyiphi inomboro phakathi kwe-0 nama-500 weenom- begodu uhlathulule begodu uhlathulule ukulandelana • ngali-10 ukusuka kunanyana ngikuphi ukubuyabuyelela kwe-10 hlangana kwe -0 nama- boro ukulandelana kweenomboro okulula 500 kweenomboro okulula ukufika okungasenani • ngaku-5 ukusuka kunanyana ngikuphi ukubuyabuyelela kwaka-5 hlangana kwe-0 nama- Ukulandela- ukufika okungasenani e-150. e-1 000 500. na kufanele • Ukubala uye phambili Ukuzakhela • Ngaku-2 ukusuka kunanyana ngikuphi ukubuyabuyelela kwaka ku-2 hlangana kwe-0 kutjengise nemuva nga: amaphetheni nama-500 ukubala uye • Ku-1 ukusuka kwenye phambili ne- Ukuzakhela amaphetheni nenye inomboro • Nge-100 ukusuka kunanyana ngikuphi ukubuyabuyelela ukufika okungasenani e-1000 muva nga weenomboro. hlangana ne-0 ne-500. • Ngama-50 ukusuka kunanyana ngikuphi ukubuyabuyelela kwama-50 ukufika • Li-10 ukusuka okungasenani e-1000 kesinye nesinye • Ngaku-3 ukusuka kunanyana ngikuphi ukubuyabuyelela kwaka-3 hlangana kwe -0 isibuyabuyelelo se-10 nama-500 hlangana ne-0 ne-500. • ngaku 4 ukusuka kunanyana ngikuphi ukubuyabuyelela kwaka-4 hlangana kwe-0 • Ku-5 ukusuka nama-500 kesinye nesinye isibuyabuyelelo saka Ukusebenzisa izinto, iinthombe, amathebula namatjhadi naneko ukusekela abafundi ku-5 hlangana ne-0 ekutjhugulukeni ukusukela ekubaleni ngokweqa begodu nokulandelana ukuya ne-500. ekubuyabuyeleleni ngali-10, 5, 2, 4. • Ku-2 ukusuka Ukusiza abafundi ukusebenzisa amaphetheni abawaziko njengesisekelo sokuzijayeza kesinye nesinye begodu nokufunda amanye amaphetheni isib. isibuyabuyelelo saka • Ukulandelana kwabo ku-2 ukubeka isisekelo sokulandelana kwabo ku-4; begodu ku-2 hlangana ne -0 ne-500. • Ukulandelana kwabo ku-5 njengesisekelo sokulandelana ngama-50. • Ku-3 ukusuka kesinye nesinye isibuyabuyelelo saka ku-3 hlangana ne-0 ne-500 • Ku-4 ukusuka kesinye nesinye isibuyabuyelelo saka ku-4 hlangana ne-0 ne-500 • Ma-20, 25, 50, 100 okungasenani ukufika 403 e-500. ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
IGREYIDI YESI-3 ITHEMU YESI-2 ISIKHALA NOBUJAMO (JIYOMETHRI) 404 UBUDE IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IMINQOPHO YETHEMU : IIMFUNEKO YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu YOKU-1 namaminithi ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA ama -24) 3.1 Ubujamo nokubukela Ubujamo nokubukela Ngikuphi okuhlukileko eGreyidini yesi-2? Ubujamo, • Madanisa imibono • Madanisa iimbono • Akunamnqopho onqophileko wokuthuthukisa ilimi lobujamo, njengombana lokhu ukuzijayeza ehlukeneko ehlukahlukeneko yezinto kwenziwe eGreyidini yoku-1 neyesi-2. nokubukela yezinto ezifanako ezifanako zangamalanga • Landela iinkombatjhuba ezinabako ngokungezelelweko isib.ukukhambakhamba zangamalanga • Itjho into yangamalanga ngesikolweni, kunangetlasini nje. • Yitjho into lokha nakuvezwa ihlangothi • Nikela iinkombatjhuba zendawo engetlasini nesikolweni. yangamalanga elingakajayeleki layo. • Imimebhe nokubukelwa okungaphezulu kwezinto ezibuthelelweko, lokhu lokha nawutjengiswe Ubujamo nekombatjhuba kIMINQOPHO YETHEMU YESI-3. ihlangothi • Landela ikombatjhuba Umnqopho ophakanyisiweko weThemu yesi-2 elingakajayeleki layo. ukukhamabakhamba • Funda, rhumutjha KuThemu yesi-2, kutjhukunyiswa bonyana kubuyekezwe umsebenzi weGreyidi yesi-2 ngetlasini begodu begodu ugwale begodu kuhlanganiswe, nesikolweni imebhe engakahleleki • Ukubona izinto eziseenthonjeni ezitjengisa ihlangothi elingakajayeleki noku: Nikela ilayelo nofana ukubukeka • Ukulandela iinkombatjhuba zeendawo ezihlukahlukeneko ngaphandle kwetlasi. lokukhambakhamba ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 izinto eziphezulu ngetlasini nesikolweni Thoma ngokuhlola lokho abafundi abakwaziko begodu ukhumbule ubujamo ezibuthelelweko nokuzijayeza • Thola izinto emebheni Ubujamo neenkombatjhuba Ubujamo • Ukulandela iinkombatjhuba nekombatjhuba Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngemisetjenzana ephathekako lapho abafundi • Landela iinlayelo bakhambakhamba ngokwabo ngokuya ngeenlayelo. Egreyidini yesi-3 abafundi ukukhambakhamba banganikelwa nofana iinlayelo ngamagama nofana zitlolwe. ngetlasini nasesikolweni. -- Ukukhambakhamba ngetlasini isib.” iza ngaphambili kwetlasi”, “jama hlanu kwesitulo sakho”, “yeqa ngehla komgqomu wenzibi”; begodu • Nikela ilayelo zokukhambakhamba -- Ukhambakhambe ngetlasini nofana ngesikolweni, o.u: inkombatjhuba ezide, ngetlasini nesikolweni “Khamba uphume emnyango, jikela ngesinceleni, ragela phambili wehlele ngephasitjhi, yeqa itatawu, sewukuphi kwanjesi? • Landela iinlayelo ukusuka endaweni enye ukuya kwenye emebheni engakahleleki ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
UBUDE IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IMINQOPHO YETHEMU : IIMFUNEKO YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu YESI-2 namaminithi ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA CAPS ama -24) 3.1 Ubujamo nokubukela Ubujamo nokubukela • Ukunikela iinlayelo. Iimfundo ezi-2 Ubujamo, • Madanisa imibono • Madanisa iimbono Abanye abafundi bafumana kulula ukunikela iinlayelo ngokutjengisa lokho ukuzijayeza ehlukeneko ehlukahlukeneko yezinto abakutjhoko. Kwabanye abafundi kuyasiza ukunikela iinkombandlela zemininingwana nokubukela yezinto ezifanako ezifanako zangamalanga eqakathekileko. zangamalanga • Itjho into yangamalanga • Yitjho nanyana uragela phambili nofana ukhamba ngekomba oqalane nayo nofana • Yitjho into lokha nakuvezwa ihlangothi uyajika. yangamalanga elingakajayeleki layo. • Yitjho nanyana ukhamba bunqopha, ujikela ngesinceleni nofana ujikela ngesidleni. lokha nawutjengiswe Ubujamo nekombatjhuba • Yipha iimmerego zalapho ufanele ujike khona isib. Nawuya e-ofisini lakamabhalana ihlangothi • Landela ikombatjhuba ujikela ngesinceleni; begodu itjho bonyana usazokukhamba kangangani. elingakajayeleki layo. ukukhamabakhamba • Yitjho bonyana ukude kangangani.Kuneendlela ezihlukahlukeneko zokutjho bonyana • Funda, rhumutjha ngetlasini begodu kufanele ukhambe kangangani isib. begodu ugwale nesikolweni imebhe engakahleleki o Khamba amatriya ama- 30 nofana khamba amamitha ali-10 Nikela ilayelo nofana ukubukeka o Khamba udlula amatlasi ama- 3, nofana bewudlule itlasi likaMnumzana lokukhambakhamba izinto eziphezulu uRhadebe nofana ngetlasini nesikolweni ezibuthelelweko o Khamba isikhathi esingaba mzuzu mu-1. • Thola izinto emebheni Ubujamo nokubukela Ubujamo nekombatjhuba KuGreyidi yesi-3 abafundi bafanele banikelwe imisetjenzana lapho bangamadanisa khona ukubukelwa okuhlukahlukeneko (bukela ukusukela phezulu, bukela ukusuka • Landela iinlayelo emaqadi, bukela ukusuka ngaphambili) kwezinto ezihlukahlukeneko zangamalanga. ukukhambakhamba ngetlasini Ekugcineni lokhu kuzokusiza abafundi bonyana barhumutjhe imigwalo yezinto nasesikolweni. zeJiyomethri ezenziwe ngemibono ehlukahlukeneko. • Nikela ilayelo Abafundi kufanele begodi banikelwe imisetjenzana lapho bazokubona izinto zokukhambakhamba eenthombeni ezigwalweko, nofana ezithethwe ebujameni obungakajayeleki, isib. ngetlasini nesikolweni ukubukeka kwelingaphezulu lekomo, nofana ingaphambili lebhorsolo yamazinyo. • Landela iinlayelo ukusuka endaweni enye ukuya kwenye emebheni engakahleleki 405 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IMINQOPHO YETHEMU 406 : IIMFUNEKO YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu YESI-2 namaminithi ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA ama -24) 3.2 Irherho lezinto Irherho lezinto Ngikuphi okuhlukileko kuneGreyidi yesi-2? Izinto ezi- Ukubona nokutjho izinto Ukubona nokutjho izinto • Abafundi abasaqali bonyana izinto zingagedeka nofana zingatjhelela; baqala busontathu ezi 3-D ezingetlasini ezi 3-D ezingetlasini bonyana ingaphezulu nofana ilingaphandle lithabalele nofana ligobeneko. neenthombeni (3-D) neenthombeni • Lapho okunezinto ezinelingaphandle ngaphezulu elithabaleleko neligobeneko, • Amajamo webhola • Amajamo webhola (iindulungu) abafundi baqala kobana ilingaphandle leli lizinkwere, liboncantathu, liboncande (iindulungu) • Amajamo webhoksi nofana liyindulungu. • Amajamo webhoksi (amaphrizimu) • Amakhowuni nama phiramidi ayathulwa (Lokhu kungaba mnqopho weThemu yesi-3 (amaphrizimu) • Amasilinda begodu neye-4). Amatshwayo wezinto • Amasilinda Ukuhlathulula, ukubeka Umnqopho ophakanyisiweko weThemu yesi-2 • Iphiramidi ngeengaba nokumadanisa Abafundi basebenza ngezinto ezifanako njengombana bebenza eGreyidini yesi-2 o.u. izinto ezi 3-D ngokuya: • Iimbholo nezinto ezibumbeke njengembholo; • Iinkurwana • amajamo we 2-D enza (Amakhowuni) ubuso bezinto za3-D • Amasilinda nezinto ezinobujamo bebumbeko lamasilinda; Amatshwayo wezinto • ilingaphandle elithabaleleko • Amabhoksi ahlukahlukeneko begodu nezinye izinto ezinobujamo obufana Ukuhlathulula, nofana eligobeneko nobukancande, ncantathu, phrizimu nofana amakhyubhu. ukubeka ngeengaba Imisetjenzana enqophiweko Abafundi banganqopha ezintweni ezitjha (amaphiramidi namakhowuni) kuThemu yesi-3 • Tjheja begodu wakhe nokumadanisa izinto ezi begodu ne-4. izinto za 3-D ezinikelweko ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 3-D ngokuya: Ukukhumbula nokutjho amagama weembholo (indulungu) namabhoksi ( ngokusebenzisa • amajamo we 2-D enza amamathiriyeli iphrizimu) namasilinda ubuso bezinto za3-D aphathekako • Abafundi baragela phambili nokutjho amagama, nokuhlela neengaba, nokubuthelela • ilingaphandle njengamajamo wa 2-D izinto. Abafundi bafanele banikelwe izinto ezihlukahlukeneko abazokusebenza ngazo: elithabaleleko nofana asikiweko, umdaka/ibumba, iimbangulimazinyo, • Ezinobujamo obufana neendulungu, isib. iimbholo ezihlukahlukeneko ngamasayisi, eligobeneko amamabula, amalamune njll. nofano iphayiphi lokusela nezinye Imisetjenzana izinto za 3-D zeJiyomethri • Ezinobujamo obufana nephrizimu isib. amabhlogo, iintina, amabhoksi enqotjhiweko Irherho lamajamo ahlukahlukeneko ngamasayizi, amabhoksi womlilo,amabhoksi wamaseriyeli, • Tjheja begodu • Iindulungu amabhoksi weentiye, amabhoksi weensibha zamazinyo; begodu wakhe izinto za • Abocantathu • Iinkwere • Ezinobujamo obufana namasilinda, ukufaka hlangana namasilinda amade 3-D ezinikelweko namatsikana isib.intokana zamaphayiphi anobujamo besilinda, amabhoksi • Aboncande ngokusebenzisa Amatshwayo wamajamo wamathawula agedekako wangekhwitjhini namkha amaphepha wangendlini amamathiriyeli Ukuhlathulula,ukubeka yokuphumela, isib amabhlegana wephortjhi yamanyathelo, amabhlegana weeneyifu. aphathekako ngeengaba nokumadanisa Abafundi bangathola izinto ezinobujamo beembholo (indulungu), nofana ezinobujamo njengamajamo izinto ezinamajamo bebhoksi (iphrizimu) nofana ezinobujamo obufana nebesilinda nebanikelwe izinto wa 2-D asikiweko, abobusobubili 2-D ngokuya ezibuthelelweko ukukhombisa ubujamo bazo. Abafundi bangathola nofana bakhombise umdaka/ibumba, nga: izinto ezinobujamo bamabhoksi (iphrizimu) ezingatlasini isib. “Lokho zingaba iimbangulimazinyo, • Amajamo ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) • Amahlangothi anqophileko njengamatamati nofana ezizindulungu nfana ezinobujamo besilinda”. iphayiphi lokusela nezinye izinto za 3-D Amahlangthi andulungeleko Ngesikhathi sabafundi sokuzijamela bangaragela phambili benze iimbholo namasilinda zeJiyomethri begodu namajamo wamabhoksi (amaphrizimu) avela emdakeni nofana emdakeni wokudlala.
UBUDE IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IMINQOPHO YETHEMU : IIMFUNEKO YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu YESI-2 namaminithi ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA CAPS ama -24) 3.2 Irherho lezinto Irherho lezinto Umnqopho wamatshwayo wezinto zaka 3-D : ingaphezulu elithabaleleko nofana limfundo ezi-3 Izinto ezi- Ukubona nokutjho izinto Ukubona nokutjho izinto ingaphandle eligobekileko busontathu ezi 3-D ezingetlasini ezi 3-D ezingetlasini • Yakha amabumbeko wezinto ezinobujamo ba 3-D. neenthombeni (3-D) neenthombeni Abafundi basebenzisa amabhoksi weenkwere nofana aboncande, aboncantathu, • Amajamo webhola • Amajamo webhola (iindulungu) ukwenza ibhoksi. Lokhu kwenza abafundi banqophe emajameni wengaphezulu (iindulungu) • Amajamo webhoksi elithabaleleko. • Amajamo webhoksi (amaphrizimu) Abafundi baqala amajamo welingaphezulu elithabaleleko nofana eligobeneko isb. (amaphrizimu) • Amasilinda Iindulungu (iphrizimu) namasilinda bahlathulule ubujamo bazo ngokuya ngokuthi Amatshwayo wezinto • Amasilinda yindulungu, lisikwere, nguncantathu nofana nguncande. Ukuhlathulula, ukubeka • Iphiramidi ngeengaba nokumadanisa • Iingaphezulu nofana iingaphandle elithabaleleko nofana eligobeneko. izinto ezi 3-D ngokuya: Ukwakha ibhoksi (iphrizimu) kusiza abafundi bonyana banqophe kulingaphezulu • Iinkurwana • amajamo we 2-D enza elithabaleleko lezinto. (Amakhowuni) ubuso bezinto za3-D Amatshwayo wezinto • ilingaphandle elithabaleleko Abafundi bangaqala bonyana ngabe zoke izinto eziyiJiyomethri zinelingaphezulu nofana eligobeneko elithabaleleko kwaphela na? KuGreyidi yoku-1 neGreyidi yesi-2, abafundi bahlukanisa Ukuhlathulula, Imisetjenzana enqophiweko izinto zeJiyomethri ezigedekako nalezo ezitjhelelako. Lokhu kulingiselela abafundi ukubeka ngeengaba • Tjheja begodu wakhe ukubona banqophe ekuthini ilingaphezulu lithabaleleko (izinto ezitjhelelako) nofana nokumadanisa izinto ezi izinto za 3-D ezinikelweko ezigobeneko (izinto ezigedekako). Amasilinda anelingaphezulu elithabaleleko begodu 3-D ngokuya: ngokusebenzisa anelingaphezulu eligobeneko. • amajamo we 2-D enza amamathiriyeli Imisetjenzana etlolwako ubuso bezinto za3-D aphathekako njengamajamo wa 2-D Nanyana imisebenzi eminengi yezinto zabo 3-D zenziwe ngokuphathekako, umsebenzi • ilingaphandle asikiweko, umdaka/ibumba, ufanele uhlanganiswe ngokutlola imisetjenzana. Umnqopho we-Greyidi 3 ufanele elithabaleleko nofana iimbangulimazinyo, ube sekubizeni izinto ngamagama begodu kucoca bonyana ingaphezulu lazo nofana eligobeneko iphayiphi lokusela nezinye ingaphandle lazo libunjani. Akukalindeleki bonyana abafundi babale nofana bazi Imisetjenzana izinto za 3-D zeJiyomethri inani leenkwere, laboncande, laboncantathu, leendulungu nofana ilingaphezulu enqotjhiweko Irherho lamajamo nelingemaqadi elinazo. • Tjheja begodu • Iindulungu ILimi wakhe izinto za • Abocantathu • Iinkwere Ikghono elisetjenziswako zelimi ukucoca ngezinto zabo 3-D: 3-D ezinikelweko • Aboncande Ilingaphezulu elithabaleleko, eligobeneko, amabhoksi, iimbholo, amasilinda. ngokusebenzisa Amatshwayo wamajamo amamathiriyeli Ukuhlathulula,ukubeka aphathekako ngeengaba nokumadanisa njengamajamo izinto ezinamajamo wa 2-D asikiweko, abobusobubili 2-D ngokuya umdaka/ibumba, nga: iimbangulimazinyo, • Amajamo iphayiphi lokusela • Amahlangothi anqophileko 407 nezinye izinto za 3-D Amahlangthi andulungeleko zeJiyomethri ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IMINQOPHO YETHEMU 408 : IIMFUNEKO YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu YESI-2 namaminithi ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA ama -24) 3.3 Irhemo lobujamo Awukho umnqopho otjhukunyisiweko onqophe emajameni we 2-D kuThemu yesi- Amajamo • Iindulungu 2. Nanyana abafundi bangahlanganisa lokho abakufundileko ngokutjheja nokutjho abobusobu- amagama wamajamo wa 2-D eThemini yesi-2, ngokwenza imisetjenzana etlolwako • Aboncantathu bili (2-D) ngesikhathi sabafundu sokuzijamela. • Iinkwere • Aboncande Amatshwayo wobujamo Ukuhlathulula, ukubeka ngeengaba, nokumadanisa amajamo abo 2-D ngokuya nga: • majamo • mahlangothi anqophileko • mahlangothi andulungileko ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 Gwala amajamo • iindulungu • aboncantathu • iinkwere • aboncande 3.4 Isimethri Isimethri Ngikuphi okutjha eGreyidini yesi-3? limfundo ezi-2 Isimethri • Tjheja begodu ugwale • Khetha umuda wesimethri • Thola umuda wesimethri ngokubhinca amaphepha nokubonisa. umuda wesimethri ngokubhinca amaphepha Umsetjenzana wokubhinca amaphepha othuthukisa ukuzwisisa kwesimethri kufaka ngamajamo we nokubonisa hlangana: 2-D wejiyomethri • imisetjenzana lapho kuthelwa ipende emanzi ephepheni ngaphambi kokuba naleyo okungasiyo libhincwe; begodu yeJiyomethri • imisetjenzana lapho iphepha lisikwa nofana lidatjulwa emudeni obhinciweko • Khetha nofana jamisa umuda wesimethri Lemisetjenzana ingenziwa esifundweni seeMbalo nezifundweni zamakghono wepilo. abhincwako iphepha Bawa abafundi babonela bonyana phambili ngimaphi amajamo abazowathola nangokubonisa godu. nabangathabulula nofana baqunta iphepha. Lokhu kusiza ukubabandula ekghonweni ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) labo lokubona ngelihlo lengqondo amajamo wesimethri.
IGREYIDI YESI- 3 ITHEMU YESI- 2 4. UKUMEDA CAPS UBUDE IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO BESIKHATHI IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YESI-2 IMIHLAHLANDLELA YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu KONYAKA namaminithi ama -24) 4.1 Ukutjho isikhathi Ukutjho isikhathi Abafundi baragela phambili ukuzijayeza ukukhuluma ngobude besikhathi Iimfundo ezi-2 Isikhathi • Ukufunda amalanga • Ukufunda amalanga emakhalendeni begodu nangokulandelana kwesikhathi. emakhalendeni • Ukubeka amalanga wamabeletho, Ngesikhathi sokufundisa itlasi loke begodu nesikhathi sokunqopha • Ukubeka amalanga amafestivali wezekolo, amaholideyi esiqhemeni, abafundi baragela phambili nokukhuluma ngamalanga wamabeletho, amafestivali womphakathi, iminyanya yezomlando, weveke, iinyanga zonyaka begodu nelanga lamhloko, nangamalanga wezekolo, amaholideyi izehlakalo zesikolo ezisekhalendeni. angaphambili begodu namalanga ezako. Abafundi baragela phambili womphakathi, iminyanya • Ukutjho isikhathi sama-iri ali-12 ngokubeka okulandelako ekhalendeni njengombana izehlakalo zivela yezomlando, izehlakalo ngama zesikolo ezisekhalendeni. • amalanga wamabeletho -- -iri, • amafestivali wezekolo • Ukutjho isikhathi sama-iri ali-12 ngama -- ngesiquntu sama-iri • iminyanya yezomlando, -- -iri, -- ngekotara yama-iri • izehlakalo zesikolo -- ngesiquntu sama-iri -- amaminithi • amaholideyi womphakathi -- ngekotara yama-iri ewatjhini ze-analogo neenwatjhi zedijithali begodu nezinye iintlabagelo Ragela phambili ngokubawa abafundi bonyana batjho isikhathi ngokuya -- amaminithi zedijithali ezitjengisa isikhathi, isib. ngama-iri, iinquntu zama-iri begodu nekotara yama-iri ewatjhini ye- ewatjhini ze-analogo abomaliledinini analogo njalo ngesikhathi sokuphumula ngamalanga.Qala amanothi neenwatjhi zedijithali Ukubala ubude besikhathi nokudlula aseThemini yoku-1. begodu nezinye iintlabagelo kwesikhathi Isikhathi sedijithali zedijithali ezitjengisa isikhathi, isib. abomaliledinini Ukusebenzisa amakhalenda ukubala Sebenzisa okungasenani iimfundo ezi-2 ubuyekeza ukufunda isikhathi begodu nokuhlathulula ubude ewatjhini yedijithali. Qala amanothi weThemu yoku-1. Ukubala ubude besikhathi besikhathi ngamalanga nofana nokudlula kwesikhathi Ngesikhathi sokusebenza ngokuzijamela abantwana baragela phambili ngeemveke nofana iinyanga ukufaka Ukusebenzisa amakhalenda hlangana nokwenza umsebenzi ophathelene nokutjho isikhathi: ukubala nokuhlathulula • Ukusebenzisa amawatjhi ukubala • ngama-iri, isiquntu sama-iri begodu nekotara yama-iri asewatjhini ye- ubude besikhathi ubude besikhathi ngama-iri nofana analogo; begodu ngamalanga nofana isiquntu se-iri • ngama-iri begodu nangamaminithi ewatjhini yedijithali. ngeemveke nofana iinyanga ukufaka hlangana Abafundi bangabala ngeemveke nofana ngamalanga nabanganikelwa -- ukutjhugulula hlangana ikhalenda nofana isigaba sekhalenda, isib. Ukufunyana amalanga kwamalanga neemveke begodu nokubala umahluko wesikhathi ohlangana naso. -- ukutjhugulula hlangana kweemveke neenyanga Sebenzisa amawatjhi ukubala ubude besikhathi 409 ngama-iri nofana isiquntu sama-iri. ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO BESIKHATHI IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA 410 IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YESI-2 IMIHLAHLANDLELA YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu KONYAKA namaminithi ama -24) 4.2 Ukumeda okungakahleleki Ukumeda okungakahleleki Ngikuphi okuhlukileko kuneGreyidini yesi-2? Ubude • Ukulinganisa, ukumeda, • Ukulinganisa, ukumeda, EGreyidini yesi-2 abafundi ukumadanisa, ukuhlela ukumadanisa, ukuhlela begodu • banqopha ekumedeni okungakahleleki ngamayunithi wobude begodu nokurekhoda nokurekhoda ubude ngokusebenzisa obungakahleleki; begodu ubude ngokusebenzisa iimedo ezingakahleleki, isib. ubude • bathulelwa ukumeda ngamamitha. iimedo ezingakahleleki, besandla, amagadango, ubude isib. ubude besandla, bamapensela, izinto zokubala, njll EThemini yesi-2 yeGreyidi yesi-3 abafundi bangaragele phambili amagadango, ubude ngokumeda okungakahleleki ngokusebenzisa amayunithi angakahleleki • Ukuhlathulula ubude bezinto bamapensela, izinto begodu nokumeda ngamamitha. ngokubala begodu nokutjho bonyana zokubala, njll zinobude obungangani bamayunithi EThemini yesi-3 bangathoma ukumeda ngamasenthimitha • Ukuhlathulula ubude angakahleleki ngokusebenzisa irula. bezinto ngokubala • Ukusebenzisa ilimi ukukhuluma Ukulinganisa, ukumeda, ukumadanisa nokurekhoda ubude, begodu nokutjho bonyana ngokumadanisa, isib.ubude, ukuphakama begodu nobubanzi ngokusebenzisa amayunithi zinobude obungangani ubufitjhani, mude khulu , banzi khulu angakahleleki wobude. bamayunithi angakahleleki Abafundi bangafunda zoke iinkambisolawulo neenkambiso zokumeda Ukwethula ukumeda okuhlelekileko • Ukusebenzisa ngokusebenzisa amayunithi angakahleleki. Ukumeda ngamayunithi • Ukulinganisa, ukumeda, ilimi ukukhuluma angakahleleki kufanele bonyana kungaqaleki kwanga akukaqakatheki ukumadanisa, ukuhlela begodu ngokumadanisa, isib. ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 kunokumeda ngamayunuthi ahlelekileko. nokurekhoda ubudengokusebenzisa ubude, ubufitjhani, mude Ukumeda ubude ngamayunithi angakahleleki kufaka ukubala bonyana amamitha (iintonga ezimamitha khulu , banzi khulu mangaki amayunithi akhethiweko anobude obufana nezinto ezimedwako. nofana iintambo ezinobude bemitha) Ukwethula ukumeda njengomuvosimedo ojayelekileko. Isib, Ubude bedeski bububude bezandla ezi-8. okuhlelekileko Abafundi bafanele bamede izinto ezihlukahlukeneko ngokusebenzisa • Ukulinganisa, ukumeda, Izinto ezihlukahlukenekonjengamayunithi angakahleleki. ukumadanisa, ukuhlela Kuneendlela ezintathu zokusebenzisa amayunithi angakahleleki: begodu nokurekhoda • Ukubeka ngereyi buvundla into emedwako, izinto ezinengi zobude ubudengokusebenzisa obulinganako, njengamabhoksana womlilo, iimvadlwana zamabhodlela amamitha (iintonga ezinobujamo obufana patsi nofana izinto zokubala, amapensela ezimamitha amatjha, njll. Isibonelo, ukumeda ububanzi bedeski, amapensela nofana iintambo amatjha angabekwa ngokulandelana ukusuka ekuthomeni ukufika ezinobude bemitha) ekugcineni avundle itafula. njengomuvosimedo ojayelekileko. Lapha kuqakathekile bonyana • Ukulinganisa nokumeda -- zoke izinto zinobude obulinganako. Angekhe utjho bonyana incwadi ubude ngamasenthimitha yakho ibubanzi beemuvalo zamabhodlelo webisi ali-12 nangabe ngokusebenzisa irula. iimvalo zamabhodlelo zinobukhulu obungalinganiko, isib. Iimvalo zamabhodlelo webisi ezimalitha ama-2, iimvalo zamabhodlelo ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) Alikho itjhuguluko elenzeka wenamaneyidi weplastiki, iimvalo zamabhodlelo wesimbi, njll; begodu hlangana kwamamitha namasenthimitha -- Akunaankhala ezitjhiywa hlangana nezinto : zifanele zipakelwe ngokulandelana ukuze zithintane
UBUDE IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO BESIKHATHI IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YESI-2 IMIHLAHLANDLELA YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu CAPS KONYAKA namaminithi ama -24) 4.2 Ukumeda okungakahleleki Ukumeda okungakahleleki • Sebenzisa izinto ezimbili ezifana poro njengamayunithi angakahleleki. Ubude • Ukulinganisa, ukumeda, • Ukulinganisa, ukumeda, Beka into hlanu kwenye, begodu ubeka yokuthoma ngale kweyesibili. ukumadanisa, ukuhlela ukumadanisa, ukuhlela begodu Lokhu kwenziwa nakusimedwa ngobude bezandla, ubude benyawo begodu nokurekhoda nokurekhoda ubude ngokusebenzisa nofana amagadango. ubude ngokusebenzisa iimedo ezingakahleleki, isib. ubude • Sebenzisa izinto ezimbili ezifana poro njengamayunithi angakahleleki. iimedo ezingakahleleki, besandla, amagadango, ubude Beka yinye hlanu kwenye, bese ukhambisa yokuthoma uyise kelinye isib. ubude besandla, bamapensela, izinto zokubala, njll ihlangothi lesibili. Lokhu kwenziwa nakumedwa ngobude besandla, amagadango, ubude • Ukuhlathulula ubude bezinto ubude benyawo nofana amagadango bamapensela, izinto ngokubala begodu nokutjho bonyana Ukusebenzisa into eyodwa kwaphela njengesimedo esingasisezingeni zokubala, njll zinobude obungangani bamayunithi begodu ngokuyigeda nofana ukumerega lapho iphelela khona ngaphambi • Ukuhlathulula ubude angakahleleki kokuyitjhelelisa. bezinto ngokubala • Ukusebenzisa ilimi ukukhuluma Abafundi bafanele bafundiswe ukutjho iyunithi, isib. Incwadi inobubanzi begodu nokutjho bonyana ngokumadanisa, isib.ubude, beemuvalo zebhodlelo ezi-12, ikumba yokufundela inobude zinobude obungangani ubufitjhani, mude khulu , banzi khulu obumagadango ama-38. bamayunithi angakahleleki Ukwethula ukumeda okuhlelekileko Lokha abafundi nasele bamede ngananyana ngiyiphi iyunithi amahlandla • Ukusebenzisa ambala, bafanele balinganise bonyana ingaba nobude obungangani • Ukulinganisa, ukumeda, ilimi ukukhuluma beyunithi into efanele imedwe. Ukulinganisa ngaphambi kokumeda ukumadanisa, ukuhlela begodu ngokumadanisa, isib. kuqakathekile, kodwana kungenziwa kwaphela lokha abafundi nabenze nokurekhoda ubudengokusebenzisa ubude, ubufitjhani, mude ukumeda ngeyunithi leyo. amamitha (iintonga ezimamitha khulu , banzi khulu nofana iintambo ezinobude bemitha) Abafundi bafanele bafundiswe bonyana ukuze bakwazi ukumadanisa Ukwethula ukumeda njengomuvosimedo ojayelekileko. ubude, ukuphakama nanyana ububanzi iyunithi efana poro ifanele okuhlelekileko isetjenziswe. Isib.nangabe ububanzi bomnyango omedweko bububude • Ukulinganisa, ukumeda, besandla obu-20 begodu ububanzi bedeski bububude bamapensela a-8, ukumadanisa, ukuhlela angekhe utjho bonyana umnyango ubanzi kunedeski. begodu nokurekhoda Abafundi bafanele bamede ngamayunithi angakahleleki ahlukahlukeneko, ubudengokusebenzisa ukuze bakghone amamitha (iintonga • ukuthoma ukuzwisisa bonyana lokha iyunithi nayiyincani , ezimamitha izokusetjenziswa amahlandla amanengana ,isib. ububanzi bekumba nofana iintambo yokufundela bungaba magadango ama-20 kodwana kube bubude ezinobude bemitha) beenyawo obuma-48. njengomuvosimedo ojayelekileko. • Thoma ukusebenzisa amayunithi afanele lokho abakumedako, isib. ukumeda ububanzi bekumba yokufundela ngeemuvalo zamabhodlelo • Ukulinganisa nokumeda kukumorosa isikhathi. ubude ngamasenthimitha ngokusebenzisa irula. Alikho itjhuguluko elenzeka 411 hlangana kwamamitha namasenthimitha ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO BESIKHATHI IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA 412 IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YESI-2 IMIHLAHLANDLELA YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu KONYAKA namaminithi ama -24) 4.2 Ukumeda okungakahleleki Ukumeda okungakahleleki Ukulinganisa, ukumeda, ukumadanisa begodu nokurekhoda ubude, Iinfundo ezi-2 Ubude • Ukulinganisa, ukumeda, • Ukulinganisa, ukumeda, ububanzi begodu nokuphakama ngokusebenzisa amamitha. ukumadanisa, ukuhlela ukumadanisa, ukuhlela begodu Abafundi bafanele bahlanganise ukuzwisisa kwabo kobude bemitha begodu nokurekhoda nokurekhoda ubude ngokusebenzisa yi-1, begodu basebenzise ubude bemitha ukumeda okuthileko. Lokhu ubude ngokusebenzisa iimedo ezingakahleleki, isib. ubude kwenzeka kuhle khulu nangabe abafundi bameda ngesitlabagelo iimedo ezingakahleleki, besandla, amagadango, ubude esinobude bemitha yi-1 (njengemitha yerula; isigodo esiquntwe saba isib. ubude besandla, bamapensela, izinto zokubala, njll yimitha yi-1 nofana intambo enobude bemitha). Ukubona imitha yi-1 isiza amagadango, ubude • Ukuhlathulula ubude bezinto abafundi ukwakha umfanekiso wokobana singangani isilinganisa semitha. bamapensela, izinto ngokubala begodu nokutjho bonyana Kuyakghonakala ukumeda ubude bamamitha ngevilo elitjhovwako zokubala, njll zinobude obungangani bamayunithi eliyithrendlili, kodwana akusilula ukubona ubude bemitha. • Ukuhlathulula ubude angakahleleki Abafundi bangathola izinto ezinobude bemitha yi-1 tere. Kuyasiza ukuba bezinto ngokubala • Ukusebenzisa ilimi ukukhuluma nezinto ongaqala kizo njengeemadanisi, isib. ububanzi bomnyango begodu nokutjho bonyana ngokumadanisa, isib.ubude, begodu nokuphakama wefesidere kanengi kuba yimithayi-1. Lokhu kusiza zinobude obungangani ubufitjhani, mude khulu , banzi khulu abafundi bonyana basebenzise ubude/ ububanzi lobu abangabubona bamayunithi angakahleleki ukulinganisa ubude nezine izinto abazimedako. Ukwethula ukumeda okuhlelekileko • Ukusebenzisa Abafundi bafanele balinganise ngaphambi kwaleso naleso isimedo. • Ukulinganisa, ukumeda, ilimi ukukhuluma Abafundi bangathola izinto ezingaba zide nofana zifitjhani kunemitha e-1. ukumadanisa, ukuhlela begodu ngokumadanisa, isib. Abafundi bangameda imihlobo ehlukahlukeneko yobude ngamamitha. ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 nokurekhoda ubudengokusebenzisa ubude, ubufitjhani, mude Kufanele kumadaniswe ubude obuhlukahlukeneko. amamitha (iintonga ezimamitha khulu , banzi khulu nofana iintambo ezinobude bemitha) Ukurekhoda iimedo Ukwethula ukumeda njengomuvosimedo ojayelekileko. Nanyana ukumeda kulikghono lokuzijayeza ukwenza, abafundi bafanele okuhlelekileko barekhode iimedo zabo ngaso soke isikhathi(ngawo womabili amayunithi • Ukulinganisa, ukumeda, angakahleleki begodu na mamitha) ukumadanisa, ukuhlela Ukumeda ubude njengobujamo bokurarulula imiraro begodu begodu nokurekhoda nokubala ubudengokusebenzisa amamitha (iintonga Ngesikhathi esibekelwe Iinomboro, ama-Opheratjhini noBudlelwana, ezimamitha abafundi bangararulula imiraro esebenzisa ubujamo: nofana iintambo • bobude besimedo esingakahleleki, begodu ezinobude bemitha) • bokumeda amamitha ngobude njengomuvosimedo Yelela irherho lenomboro elifaneleko leThemu, nemihlobo yemiraro ojayelekileko. ehlukahlukeneko efaneleko yeThemu. • Ukulinganisa nokumeda ubude ngamasenthimitha ngokusebenzisa irula. ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) Alikho itjhuguluko elenzeka hlangana kwamamitha namasenthimitha
UBUDE IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO BESIKHATHI IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YESI-2 IMIHLAHLANDLELA YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu CAPS KONYAKA namaminithi ama -24) 4.3 Ukumeda okungakahleleki Ukumeda okungakahleleki Ngikuphi okuhlukileko egreyidini yesi-2? Ubungako/ • Ukulinganisa, ukumeda, • Ukulinganisa, ukumeda, ukumadanisa, EGreyidini yesi-2 abafundi banqopha ekumedeni okungakahleleki ukumadanisa, ukuhlela begodu nokurekhoda ngamayunithi angakahleleki wobungako. Abafundi basebenzisa isikala Ubudisi ubungako, ngokusebenzisa iimedo ukuhlela, begodu sokumeda ukwenza lokhu. Bathome ngokusebenza ngamakhilogremu. nokurekhoda ubungako, ezingakahleleki begodu nesikala sokudzimelela isib. amabhlogo, iintina Bahlela imikhiqizo yangamalanga enobungako obutlolwe ngokusebenzisa iimedo ngamakhilogremu. Bafunda ubungako bayo eenkaleni zangendlini ezingakahleleki begodu njll. • Ukusebenzisa ilimi ukukhuluma yokuhlambela. nesikala sokudzimelela isib. amabhlogo, iintina ngokumadanisa isib.lula, budisi, lula- Ukumeda ubudisi obungakahleleki ngokusebenzisa isikala njll. khulu, budisi-khulu. sokumeda begodu amayunithi wokumeda angakahleleki. Ukwethula ukumeda okuhlelekileko • Ukusebenzisa Abafundi bangafunda zoke iinkambisolawulo begodu nekambiso • Ukumadanisa, ukuhlela begodu ilimi ukukhuluma yokumeda ngokusebenzisa amayunithi angakahleleki. Ukumeda nokurekhoda ubungako bezinto ngokumadanisa isib.lula, ezipakelwa ukuthengiswa ngamayunithi angakahleleki kufanele kungathathwa njengokunyazekako budisi, lula-khulu, budisi- ezinobungako obutjengiswe kunokumeda ngamayunidi ahlelekileko.Abafundi bangahlanganisa khulu. ngamakhilogremu, isib. amakghono wabo wokumeda ngokwenza obunye ubungako bokumeda Ukwethula ukumeda amakhilogremu ama-2 wereyisi obungakahleleki ngamayunidi angakahleleki. okuhlelekileko begodu nekhilogremu li-1 leflowuru Isikala sokuthengwa singasetjenziswa. Nawunganaso isikala • Ukumadanisa, ukuhlela nofana ngamagremu, isib. amagremu sokuthengwa, ungazenzela ngokuhlanganisa kubili kwalokhu begodu nokurekhoda ama-500 wetswayi okulandelako ehenghereni yejasi: ikopi leyogathi, ingaphasi lebodlelo ubungako bezinto • Lapho okuneenkala zangeendlini eliquntiweko limalitha ama-2, ingaphasi lebhodlelo eliquntiweko lelitha ezipakelwa ukuthengiswa yokuhlambela abafundi bangameda yi-1 yebisi nofana ibhoksi lesiselo esimakhaza ( iimumathi ezifanako ezinobungako ubungako babo ngamakhilogremu zibotjhelelwa emahlangothini wehanghera yejasi). obutjengiswe ngokusebenzisa sona ngamakhilogremu, isib. • Lapho okuneenkala zangendlini Ukumeda ubungako ngamayunithi angakahleleki kufaka hlangana amakhilogremu ama- yokuhlambela, abafundi bangameda ukubala bonyana mangaki amayunithi akhethiweko afanako ngobujamo 2 wereyisi begodu ubungako babo ngamakhilogremu njengento emedweko. Isib : irula inobungako obulingana namabhulogo nekhiligremu li-1 leflowuru kusetjenziswa isikala sangendlini ali-9. nofana amagremu isib. yokuhlambela. Okulindelekileko Abafundi bafanele bamede izinto ezihlukahlukeneko ngokusebenzisa ama-500 wamagremu kukobana abafundi bafunde kwaphela izinto ezihlukeneko njengamayunidi angakahleleki. wetswayi ukufikela emudeni omediweko oseduzana Abafundi bafanele bafundiswe ngaso soke isikhathi ukutjho iyunidi • Ukumeda ubungako • Bahlathulula ubungako babo nabanikele ubungako, isib. Incwadi inobungako bamamabula ama-34. babo ngamakhilogremu ngokusebenzisa isikala njengokuthi pheze, / eduze / Lokha abafundi nasele bamede ngananyana ngiyiphi iyunidi amahllandla sokumeda sangendlini okutjhideleneko/okunengana kuna/ ambalwa, bafanele balinganise bonyana mayunidi angaba mangaki yokuhlambela pheze kube/ nofana inomboro poro angaba nobungako obulinganako nento emedwako. Ukulinganisa (yamakhilogremu) bafunda ubungako • Alikho itjhuguluko ngaphambi kukumeda kuqakathekile, kodwana kungenziwa nangabe bamamitha. elenzeka hlangana • Lapho okuneenkala zokudzimelelisa abafundi bakhe bameda ngeyunidi leyo. kwamamilimitha namalitha ubungako beengcezu ezithalelwe Abafundi badinga ukufundiswa bonyana ukuze umadanise ubungako ngamagremu, abafundi bangameda bezinto ezihlukahlukeneko,kusetjenziswa iyunidi efanako. Isibonelo, 413 ubungako bezinto ezihlukahlukeneko nangabe irula inobungako bamabhulogo ama-20 begodu isikere Alikho itjhuguluko elenzeka hlangana sinobungako bamamabula ama-20, ngeze satjho bonyana zinobungako kwamagremu namakhilogremu obufanako nofana obungafaniko, nofana ngikuphi okubudisi. ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO BESIKHATHI IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA 414 IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YESI-2 IMIHLAHLANDLELA YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu KONYAKA namaminithi ama -24) 4.3 Ukumeda okungakahleleki Ukumeda okungakahleleki Ukurekhoda iimedo Ubungako/ • Ukulinganisa, ukumeda, • Ukulinganisa, ukumeda, ukumadanisa, Nanyana ukumeda kulikghono lokuzijayeza ukwenza okuthileko, abafundi ukumadanisa, ukuhlela begodu nokurekhoda bafanele barekhode iimedo zabo ngaso soke isikhathi. Ubudisi ubungako, ngokusebenzisa iimedo Ukusebenza ngamakhilogremu ukuhlela, begodu nokurekhoda ubungako, ezingakahleleki begodu nesikala Ukuhlela imikhiqizo ngokuya ngobudisi bayo. ngokusebenzisa iimedo sokudzimelela isib. amabhlogo, iintina Abafundi bangasebenza ngezinto ezithengiswa esitolo sokudla ezingakahleleki begodu njll. nezinye izintwanyana zangekhaya ezithengiswa ngamakhilogremu, nesikala sokudzimelela • Ukusebenzisa ilimi ukukhuluma lapho inomboro yamakhilogremu itlolwe eentweni eziphakethelwako. isib. amabhlogo, iintina ngokumadanisa isib.lula, budisi, lula- Abafundi bangamadanisa ubungako bezinto eziphakethelwako zezinto njll. khulu, budisi-khulu. ezihlukahlukeneko (njengereyisi, itjhukela, ipuphu, iflowuru nofana isibha Ukwethula ukumeda okuhlelekileko • Ukusebenzisa sokuvasa sepuphu ezithengiswa ngekhilogramu li-1. Bangakubeka • Ukumadanisa, ukuhlela begodu ilimi ukukhuluma esikaleni sokumeda ukwenzela ukubona bonyana nanyana ubungako nokurekhoda ubungako bezinto ngokumadanisa isib.lula, bempakana bungahluka, kodwana zinobungako obupheze bulingane. ezipakelwa ukuthengiswa budisi, lula-khulu, budisi- ezinobungako obutjengiswe Abafundi banganikelwa ke izinto ezihlukahlukeneko eziphakathelwako khulu. ngamakhilogremu, isib. bonyana bazimadanise ukusuka kezibudisi khulu ukuya kezilula khulu, Ukwethula ukumeda amakhilogremu ama-2 wereyisi lapho bamadanisa khona ngokuya ngobudisi bobujamo obutlolwe okuhlelekileko begodu nekhilogremu li-1 leflowuru ephaketheni, isib. Ama-2kg wereyisi, i-1kg yetjhukela, ama-5kg wepuphu, nofana ngamagremu, isib. amagremu ama-10kg westampa. • Ukumadanisa, ukuhlela ama-500 wetswayi Abafundi bazokudinga ukwazi isirhunyezo “kg” samakhilogremu. begodu nokurekhoda ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 • Lapho okuneenkala zangeendlini Ukusebenza ngamagremu ubungako bezinto ezipakelwa ukuthengiswa yokuhlambela abafundi bangameda Ukuhlela imikhiqizo ngokuya ngobungako bento ezinobungako ubungako babo ngamakhilogremu Abafundi bangasebenza ngezinto ezithengiswa esitolo sokudla nezinye obutjengiswe ngokusebenzisa sona izintwanyana zangekhaya ezithengiswa ngamagremu, lapho inomboro ngamakhilogremu, isib. • Lapho okuneenkala zangendlini yamagremu itlolwe khona eentweni eziphakethelwako. Abafundi amakhilogremu ama- yokuhlambela, abafundi bangameda bangamadanisa ubungako bezinto eziphakethelwako ezihlukahlukeneko 2 wereyisi begodu ubungako babo ngamakhilogremu (njengamasiriyeli, itiye, ikofi, itswayi, amabhontjisi, iimpakana ezincani nekhiligremu li-1 leflowuru kusetjenziswa isikala sangendlini zetjhukela, iimpakana ezincani zebisi lepuyera, amaphakethe wejeli, nofana amagremu isib. yokuhlambela. Okulindelekileko amaphakethe amancani wereyisi, njll) athengiswa ngamagremu. ama-500 wamagremu kukobana abafundi bafunde kwaphela Abafundi banganikelwa ke izinto ezihlukahlukeneko eziphakathelwako wetswayi ukufikela emudeni omediweko bonyana bazilamanise ukusuka kwezibudisi ukuya kwezilula khulu, lapho • Ukumeda ubungako oseduzana bazilamanise khona ngokuya ngobudisi bobujamo obutlolwe ephaketheni, babo ngamakhilogremu • Bahlathulula ubungako babo isib. ama-2kg wereyisi, i-1kg yetjhukela, ama-5kg wepuphu, ama-10kg ngokusebenzisa isikala njengokuthi pheze, / eduze / westampa. sokumeda sangendlini okutjhideleneko/okunengana kuna/ Kuqakathekile bonyana abafundi bavezelwe epepeneneni izinto yokuhlambela pheze kube/ nofana inomboro poro eziphakethelwako ezincani, ezibudisi ezinjengetswayi begodu eentweni (yamakhilogremu) bafunda ubungako eziphakethelwako ezikulu kodwana zilula njengamarice crispies nofana • Alikho itjhuguluko bamamitha. amacorn flakes. Lokhu kubenza bazwisise bonyana izinto ezikulu elenzeka hlangana • Lapho okuneenkala zokudzimelelisa azisibudisi ngaso soke isikhathi kunezinto ezincani, ngaphandle kokuthi kwamamilimitha namalitha ubungako beengcezu ezithalelwe kumadaniswa izinto ezifanako. Ungaqinisekisa kwaphela bonyana ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) ngamagremu, abafundi bangameda izinto ezikulu zinobungako obukhulu nangabe ubungako bezinto ezihlukahlukeneko • kumadaniswa izinto ezifanako; begodu Alikho itjhuguluko elenzeka hlangana • uhlola ubungako bento esikaleni (esingadingekiko emaBangeni kwamagremu namakhilogremu asiSekelo)
UBUDE IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO BESIKHATHI IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YESI-2 IMIHLAHLANDLELA YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu CAPS KONYAKA namaminithi ama -24) 4.3 Ukumeda okungakahleleki Ukumeda okungakahleleki Abafundi badinga ukwazi bonyana isirhunyezo“g” esijamele amagremu Iimfundo ezi-3 Ubungako/ • Ukulinganisa, ukumeda, • Ukulinganisa, ukumeda, ukumadanisa, Abafundi abakalindeleki bonyana bafunde iinkala zangekhwitjhini ukumadanisa, ukuhlela begodu nokurekhoda ngamagremu. Lokhu kwenziwa eBangeni eliSisekelo Ubudisi ubungako, ngokusebenzisa iimedo Ukufunda iinkala zangeendlini yokuhlambela ngamakhilogremu ukuhlela, begodu nokurekhoda ubungako, ezingakahleleki begodu nesikala Lapho okuneenkala zangendlini yokuhlambela, abantwana ngokusebenzisa iimedo sokudzimelela isib. amabhlogo, iintina bangazisebenzisa ukufunda ubudisi babo. ezingakahleleki begodu njll. Kunemihlobo emibili yeenkala zokumeda ubudisi/ubungako: idijithali ne- nesikala sokudzimelela • Ukusebenzisa ilimi ukukhuluma analogo. isib. amabhlogo, iintina ngokumadanisa isib.lula, budisi, lula- Iinkala zedijithali zilula ukuzifunda ngombana ubungako butlolwe njll. khulu, budisi-khulu. ngeenomboro. Nawunesikala sedijithali sangendlini yokuhlambela, Ukwethula ukumeda okuhlelekileko hlola bonyana iveza ubungako ngamakhilogremu azeleko kwaphela. • Ukusebenzisa • Ukumadanisa, ukuhlela begodu ilimi ukukhuluma Ungakwazi ukubuyelela usede ngobutjha iinkala ezinye ukutjengisa nokurekhoda ubungako bezinto amakhilogremu azeleko kwaphela. Nawungakwaziko ukuseda utjengise ngokumadanisa isib.lula, ezipakelwa ukuthengiswa budisi, lula-khulu, budisi- amakhilogremu azeleko kwaphela, fundisa abantwana bonyana balise ezinobungako obutjengiswe ingcenye yamakhilogremu okwanje. khulu. ngamakhilogremu, isib. Ukwethula ukumeda Ezinye iinkala ze-analogo zangendlini yokuhlambela zinomboriwe kenye amakhilogremu ama-2 wereyisi okuhlelekileko nenye i-10 kg, nomuda omude otjengisa indawo yama-5kg. Imida ye-1kg begodu nekhilogremu li-1 leflowuru ayikanomboriwa. Lokhu kufana nendlela imida begodu neenomboro • Ukumadanisa, ukuhlela nofana ngamagremu, isib. amagremu zisebenza ngakho eruleni. begodu nokurekhoda ama-500 wetswayi • Lapho okuneenkala zangeendlini Vumela abafundi bathome ukubala ukuze babona bonyana kuneeenkhala ubungako bezinto yokuhlambela abafundi bangameda eziyi-10 ngaphambi kwemaraga yama -10 kg, ukuze isikhala ngasinye ezipakelwa ukuthengiswa ubungako babo ngamakhilogremu sijamele ikhilogremu yi-1, begodu umuda omude ujamele ama-5kg. ezinobungako ngokusebenzisa sona Abafundi bangafunda ukumeda esikaleni samambala sangendlini obutjengiswe • Lapho okuneenkala zangendlini yokuhlambela neethombe zeenkala zangendlini yokuhlambela. ngamakhilogremu, isib. yokuhlambela, abafundi bangameda Kulula khulu ukufunda ubungako esikaleni seenthombe sangendlini amakhilogremu ama- ubungako babo ngamakhilogremu yokuhlambela kunesikaleni sokumeda samambala. 2 wereyisi begodu nekhiligremu li-1 leflowuru kusetjenziswa isikala sangendlini Ukurekhoda iimedo nofana amagremu isib. yokuhlambela. Okulindelekileko Nanyana ukumeda kulikghono lokuzijayeza ukwenza, abafundi bafanele ama-500 wamagremu kukobana abafundi bafunde kwaphela barekhode iimedo zabo ngaso soke isikhathi. wetswayi ukufikela emudeni omediweko Ukumeda ubungako njengobujamo bokurarulula iinkinga begodu oseduzana nokubala • Ukumeda ubungako babo ngamakhilogremu • Bahlathulula ubungako babo Ngesikhathi esibekelwe Iinomboro, ama-Opharetjhini noBudlelwana, ngokusebenzisa isikala njengokuthi pheze, / eduze / abafundi bangararulula imiraro esebenzisa sokumeda sangendlini okutjhideleneko/okunengana kuna/ • ubujamo yokuhlambela pheze kube/ nofana inomboro poro • bobudisi besimedo ezingakahleleki, begodu (yamakhilogremu) bafunda ubungako • bokumeda ubudisi ngamakhilogremu. • Alikho itjhuguluko bamamitha. elenzeka hlangana Yelela irherho lenomboro elifaneleko leThemu, nemihlobo yemiraro • Lapho okuneenkala zokudzimelelisa ezihlukahlukeneko ezifaneleko yeThemu. kwamamilimitha namalitha ubungako beengcezu ezithalelwe Abafundi abakalindeleki bonyana ngamagremu, abafundi bangameda 415 ubungako bezinto ezihlukahlukeneko • bazi bonyana ama-1 000g= ne-1 kg; nofana Alikho itjhuguluko elenzeka hlangana • ukwenza itjhuguluko hlangana kwamagremu begodu namakhilogremu. kwamagremu namakhilogremu Ukubala ngamagremu kungakhethwa ukuze kungadluleli ngale kwe-1000 g. ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE BESIKHATHI IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO : (eemfundweni IINHLOKO AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA YOKUFUNDISA 416 IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA ze-iri -1 begodu namaminithi ama -24) 4.4 Ukumeda okungakahleleki Ngesikhathi sokusebenza ngokuzijamela abafundi bafanele baragele phambili noku: Umthamo/ • Ukulinganisa, ukumeda, kumadanisa Linganisa, meda, madanisa, hlela nokurekhoda umthamo weemumathi nofana ivolumu engeemumathini Ivolumu begodu nokuhlela (isib. umthamo ngokusebenzisa iimedo ezingakahleleki, Ukulandela amaresibhi, ukufaka hlangana ukubhaga kubujamo ongamumathwa simumathii obusiza abafundi bonyana bazijayeze ukumeda. Khetha amaresibhi lapho iintlabagelo zakhona zinikelwa nasizeleko) ngokusebenzisa iimedo ngamakopi ngamathispuni nofana ngamayunithi angakahleleki. ezingakahleleki isib. Iingobho • Ukumadanisa begodu nokuhlela umthamo wamabhodlelo ahlukahlukeneko begodu nezinto zegrozari namakopi. lapho umthamo otlolwe khona ezintweni eziphakethelwako. • Ukuhlathulula umthamo wesimumathi • Sebenzisa nanyana amabhodlelo welitha li-1 nofana amajege welitha li-1 ukulinganisa begodu ngokubala nokutjho bonyana nokumeda, ukumadanisa, ukuhlela begodu nokurekhoda umthamo weemumathi nofana ivolumu mangaki amayunithi angakahleleki engeemumathini ngamalitha. angazalisa isimumathi, isib. Ibhodlelo Qala amanothi weThemu yesi-3 linobungako bamakopi ama-4 Abafundi bafanele banikelwe amathaski ukuhlanganisa okulandelako, ukufaka hlangana iinthombe Ukwethulwa kokumeda zokufunda: okuhlelekileko • imikhiqizo enomthamo otlolwe kiwo ukuze ilandelaniswe ngefanelo, begodu • Ukulinganisa, ukumeda; ukumadanisa nokuhlela begodu • iinthombe eziseenjegeni lapho ivolumu iseduze nalapho okunomborwe khona ilitha li-1 nofana izinga nokurekhoda umthamo wezinto lomuda elimalitha ama-2. ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 ngokumeda ngamalitha, iinqunto Kulindeleke bonyana abafundi bafunde kwaphela izinga lomuda eliseduze nenomboro .Bahlathulula zamalitha begodu nangamakotara ivolumu yabo njengokuthi pheze, / eduze /okunengana/ pheze kube/ nofana inomboro poro ( yamalitha) wamalitha. abawafunda ejegeni • Ukumadanisa, ukuhlela begodu Ukumeda umthamo njengobujamo bokurarulula iinkinga begodu nokubala nokurekhoda umthamo wezinto Ngesikhathi esibekelwe Iinomboro, ama-Opharetjhini noBudlelwana,abafundi bangararulula imiraro ezipakelwe ukuthengiswa, ubungako esebenzisa ubujamo: bazo butlolwa ngamalitha, isib. • bokumeda okungakahleleki komthamo/ivolumu; isib. uGogo usebenzisa amakopi amabili webisi amalitha ama-2 webisi, ilitha li-1 ukwenza ipudinghi. Nakayibuyelela kabili iresibhi, uzokusebenzisa ibisi elingangani? lesiselo esimakhaza, amalitha ama-5 wepende nofana ngamamilimitha, • bamalitha isib. ama-500 ml webisi, Yelela irherho lenomboro elifaneleko leThemu, nemihlobo yeenkinga ezihlukahlukeneko • amamililitha ama-340 wesiselo esimakhaza, amamilimitha ama-750 we-oli • Ukwazi bonyana ikopi elihlelekileko limamililitha ama-250 • Ukwazi bonyana ithispuni imamililitha ama-5 ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) Akukalindeleki bonyana kube netjhugululko hlangana kwamamilimitha namalitha
IGREYIDI YESI-3 ITHEMU YESI-2 5. UKUPHATHA IDATHA CAPS UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-2 namaminithi ama -24) 5.4 Ukubuthelela nokuhlela Ukubuthelela idatha nokuhlela idatha • Buthelela idatha yetlasi nofana yesikolo ukwenzela ukuphendula imibuzo ebuzwa ngutitjhere. • Hlela idatha oyinikelwe ngutitjhere nofana etholakala encwadini Hlela idatha ngama: o Rhelo o Thali o Thebula 5.5 Jamisela idatha Jamisela idatha Jamisela idatha nge: • Grafu yeenthombe • Bha grafu 5.6 Hlaziya begodu Hlaziya idatha kusukela Nangabe abafundi bawenze woke umzombe wedatha eThemini yoku-1, ukuhlaziya 1isifundoq Hlaziya begodu urhumutjhe idatha esijamiselweni iinjamiselo zedatha ezihlukahlukeneko kuzakwenza umqondo ozwakalako. urhumutjhe idatha Phendula imibuzo esinikelweko. Kuphakanyisiwe bona eThemini yesi-2 unikele abafundi idatha bona bayihlaziye ngedatha ethulwe nge: okungasenani • Grafu yeenthombve • Yi-1 igrafu yeenthombe • Bha- grafu. • ithebula Abafundi kufanele baphendule imibuzo obabuza yona ngegrafu begodu nethebula; qala iThemu yoku-1 ukuthola imibuzo efaneleko 417 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
IGREYIDI YESI-3 ITHEMU YESI-3 1. IINOMBORO, AMA-OPHARETJHINI NOBUDLELWANE 418 UBUDE IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO BESIKHATHI AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA : IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu KONYAKA YESI-3 namaminithi ama -24) 1.1 Ukubala izinto Buthelela ngeenqhema Ngikuphi okuhlukileko kuneThemini yesi 2? Ukubala eziphathekako ukufika okungasenani ema Irherho leenomboro lingezelelekile begodu abafundi bafanele banikelwe izinto Linganisa begodu 700 izinto zangamalanga ithuba lokuthinta, ukukhambakhamba begodu nokubala izinto ezibuthelelweko ngokuthembeka izinto ukulinganisa begodu nokubala ezihlukeneko ezima- 700 ngeenqhema. zangamalanga okungenani ngokuthembeka. kufika e-1000.Iqhinga Nikela ukulinganisa Qala amanothi ethemini yoku-1 neye-2 leenqhema liyakhuthazwa. okuzwakalako kwenomboro yezinto ezingahlolwa ngokubala. ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
UBUDE IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO BESIKHATHI AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA : IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu KONYAKA YESI-3 CAPS namaminithi ama -24) 1.2 Ukubala uye phambili Ukubala uye phambili Ngikuphi okuhlukileko kuneThemini yesi 2? Ukubala uye nemuva nga: nemuva nga: Irherho leenomboro liyangezeleleka ukufika ema 700. phambili • Ku-1 ukusuka kwenye • Ku-1 ukusuka kwenye Qala amanothi weThemini yoku-1 neye-2 nemuva nenye inomboro hlangana nenye inomboro hlangana ne-0 ne-1000. ne-0 ne-700. • Li-10 ukusuka kesinye • Li-10 ukusuka kesinye nesinye isibuyabuyelelo se- nesinye isibuyabuyelelo se- 10 hlangana ne-0 ne-1000. 10 hlangana ne-0 ne-700. • Ku-5 ukusuka kesinye • Ku-5 ukusuka kesinye nesinye isibuyabuyelelo nesinye isibuyabuyelelo saka ku-5 hlangana ne-0 saka ku-5 hlangana ne-0 ne-1000. ne-700. • Ku-2 ukusuka kesinye • Ku-2 ukusuka kesinye nesinye isibuyabuyelelo nesinye isibuyabuyelelo saka ku-2 hlangana ne -0 saka ku-2 hlangana ne -0 ne-1000. ne-700. • Ku-3 ukusuka kesinye • Ku-3 ukusuka kesinye nesinye isibuyabuyelelo nesinye isibuyabuyelelo saka ku-3 hlangana ne-0 saka ku-3 hlangana ne-0 ne-1000 ne-700 • Ku-4 ukusuka kesinye • Ku-4 ukusuka kesinye nesinye isibuyabuyelelo nesinye isibuyabuyelelo saka ku-4 hlangana ne-0 saka ku-4 hlangana ne-0 ne-1000 ne-700 • Ma-20, 25, 50, 100 • Ma-20, 25, 50, 100 okungasenani ukufika okungasenani ukufika e-1000. e-700. 419 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO BESIKHATHI AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA : IMINQOPHO YETHEMU 420 YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu KONYAKA YESI-3 namaminithi ama -24) 1.3 Ukukhumbula ukubona Ukukhumbula ukubona Ngikuphi okuhlukileko eThemini yesi-2? Amat- begodu nokufunda iinomboro. begodu nokufunda iinomboro. Abafundi babona, bafunde begodu batlole: shwayo • Khumbula,ubone begodu • Khumbula,ubone begodu • Amatshwayo weenomboro ukufika e-1 000; begodu weenom- ufunde amatshwayo ufunde amatshwayo wenomboro kusuka e-10 wenomboro kusuka e-10 • Amabizo weenomboro ukufika ema- 500. boro namagama ukufika e-1000. ukufika e-1000. Qala amanothi weThemini yesi- 2 weenom- • Tlola amatshwayo • Tlola amatshwayo boro. wenomboro ukusuka ku-0 wenomboro kusuka ku-0 ukufika ku-1000 ukufika ku-1000 • Khumbula, ubone • Khumbula, ubone begodu ufunde amagama begodu ufunde amagama weenomboro ukusuka ku- 0 weenomboro ukusuka ku-0 ukufika e-1000. ukufika ku-500. • Tlola amagama • Tlola amagama weenomboro ukusuka ku- 0 weenomboro ukusuka ku-0 ukufika e-1000 ukufika ema-500 1.4 Hlela begodu umadanise Hlela begodu umadanise Ngikuphi okuhlukileko kuneThemini yesi 2? ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 Ukuhlathu- iinomboro ukufika ema 999 iinomboro ukufika ema 500 Abafundi bahlela begodu bamadanisa iinomboro ukufika ema-500 lula, uku- • Hlela iinomboro • Hlela iinomboro begodu baragela phambili ukusebenzisa indlela erhunyeziweko yokutlola madanisa ezipheleleko ukufika ema ezipheleleko ukufika ema inomborosikhundla....... nokuhlela 999 ukusuka kwencani 500 ukusukela kwencani khulu ukuya kwekulu khulu, khulu ukuya kwekulu khulu, Qala amanothi weThemini yesi- 2 iinomboro begodu ukusuka kwekulu begodu ukusuka kwekulu khulu ukuya kwencani khulu ukuya kwencani khulu khulu • Madanisa iinomboro • Madanisa iinomboro ezipheleleko ukufika ezipheleleko ukufika ema- 500 usebenzisa ema 999 usebenzisa okuncani kuna, okukhulu okuncani kuna, okukhulu kuna, okunengi kuna, kuna, okunengi kuna, okumbadlwana kuna okumbadlwana kuna nokulinganako. nokulinganako. Sebenzisa Sebenzisa inomborosikhundla inomborosikhundla ukutjengisa ukulandelana ukutjengisa ukuhlela ,indawo namkha ubujamo ,indawo namkha ubujamo • Sebenzisa ,funda nokutlola • Sebenzisa ,funda nokutlola ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) iinomborosikhundla iinomborosikhundla ukufaka hlangana indlela ukufaka hlangana erhunyezwako ukufika ezirhunyezwako ukufika ema-31. ema-31.
UBUDE IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO BESIKHATHI AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA : IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu KONYAKA YESI-3 CAPS namaminithi ama -24) 1.5 Ukukhumbula ubukhulu Ukukhumbula ubukhulu Ngikuphi okuhlukileko kuneThemini yesi-3? Ubukhulu bedijithi beenomboro bedijithi beenomboro Imihlobo efanako yemibuzo neenyalelo inikelwe eThemini yesi-3. Irherho bedijithi ezintathu zedijithi ukufika ukufika ema-750. leenomboro lingezelelekile kodwana abafundi basasebenza ngeenomboro ema-999. • Ukwazi bonyana idijithi zamadijithi amathathu. • Ukwazi bonyana idijithi ngayinye ijamele ini. Umnqopho weThemini le ufanele uragele phambili ngo: ngayinye ijamele ini. • Hlukanisa iinomboro bungako benomboro; • Hlukanisa iinomboro zamadijithi amathathu kuhlukanisa iinomboro ngamakhulu, ngamatjhumi begodu nangemivo zamadijithi amathathu ukufika ema-750 ngokusebenzisa amakarada wobukhulu bedijithi begodu nenomborosisekelo ukufika ema- 999 ngeembuyabuyeleli ezilitjhumi zamabhlogo; begodu ngeembuyabuyeleli • zangali-100, zangali-100, kutlola umhlobo weenomboro ezinabileko. iimbuyabuyeleli zalitjhumi iimbuyabuyeleli zalitjhumi begodu nemivo. Qala amanothi weThemini yesi- 2. begodu nemivo. • Ukufanisa nokutjho • Ukubona begodu fanisa ubukhulu benye nenye nokutjho ubukhulu bedijithi idijithi. ngayinye. IMIRARO YEENOMBORO 1.6 Sebenzisa amathekniki Sebenzisa amathekniki Abafundi kulindeleke bonyana bararulule imiraro yamagama ngokusebenzisa Amaqhinga alandelako nawurarulula alandelako nawurarulula amathekniki alandelako: wokuraru- imiraro begodu uhlathulule imiraro: • Ukwakha nofana ukuphula iinomboro lula imiraro iinsombululo zemiraro: • Ukwakha nokuphula • Ukubuyelela kabili nokuhafula. • Ukwakha nokuphula iinomboro • Amanambalayini iinomboro • Ukubuyelela kabili • Ukutjhideza eduze. • Ukubuyelela kabili nokuhafula. nokuhafula. Qala amanothi weThemini yesi-2. • Amanambalayini • Amanambalayini • Ukutjhideza e-10 • Ukutjhideza e-10 421 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 422 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-3 namaminithi ama -24) 1.7 Rarulula imiraro Rarulula imiraro Iimbonelo zemihlobo yemiraro engenziwa ngeThemu le Ukuh- yamagama yamagama • Imiraro yokuhlanganisa begodu nokukhupha langanisa ezisebujameni ezisebujameni • UPhephelaphi ubuthelele iimvalo zamabhodlela ezima-413. UKunubhe nakangamnikela nokukhupha bewuhlathulule bewuhlathulule iimvalo zamabhodlela ezima 29, uzakuba nenani elifanako nelakaPhephelaphi. iinsombululo zakho iinsombululo zakho zemiraro ezifaka zemiraro ezifaka -- Bazokuba nemvalo zamabhodlela ezingaki babobabili? ukuhlanganisa ukuhlanganisa -- UKunubhe bekaneemvalo zamabhodlela ezingaki kwasekuthomeni? nokukhupha nempendulo nokukhupha nempendulo • Abafundi beGreyidi yesi-2 banebuthelelo lamamabula ama-500. Abafundi beGreyidi yesi ukufika e-999. ukufika e-800. 3 banamamabula ambadlwana ngali-170 kunabafundi beGreyidi yesi-2. Banamamabula amangaki abafundi beGreyidi yesi-3? • ULingiwe noVamuhle babuthelele izinto zokunamathelisa ezi-250. UMark uthola ezili 160. ULingiwe uthole izinto zokunamathelisa ezingaki? 1.8 Rarulula imiraro Rarulula imiraro Iimbonelo zemihlobo yemiraro engenziwa ngeThemu le. Ukuh- yamagama yamagama Umhlobo womraro we-9: Irhemo langanisa ezisebujameni ezisebujameni • Isivande somrorho sinamareyi ali-12 weentjalo. Ireyi ngayinye ineentjalo ezi-7. Ziintjalo okubuyele- bewuhlathulule bewuhlathulule ezingaki ezikhona ngesivandeni? iinsombululo zakho iinsombululo zakho ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 lweko zemiraro, ezifaka zemiraro, ezifaka • Isivande somrorho sinamareyi ali 12 weentjalo. Ireyi ngayinye inenani elifanako leentjalo. okurholela ukubuyabuyelela ukubuyabuyelela Nakunenani leentjalo elima- 48, kuneentjalo ezingaki ereyini ngalinye? ekubuy- abuyeleleni okunempendulo ufikela okunempendulo ufikela • Isivande somrorho sineentjalo ezima-48 ezitjalwe ngereyi. Ireyi ngayinye ineentjalo ezi-7. e-100. e-75. Kunamareyi amangaki? Ukumadanisa/Iretjhiyo USalelani unamaswidi asi 6. USalelani unamaswidi abuyelelwe kathathu ukudlula kaMongezi. UMongezi unamaswidi amangaki? UMavela unamswidi ali-18. Lokhu kunengi kathathu ukudlula lokha uSalelani. USalelani unamaswidi amangaki? Isilinganiso Amaperegisi athengiswa ngamaranda abu- R8 ikhilogremu ngalinye. Lokha nangithenga amakhilogremu amane, kuzokubiza malini? Amaperegisi abiza amaranda abu-R8 ikhilogremu ngayinye. Lokha nangina nama-R32, ngingathenga amakhilogremu amangaki? Ngithenga amakhilogremu ama-4 wamaperegisi begodu kungibiza amaranda ama-R32. Ikhilogremu eyodwa ithengwa ngamalini? Ukusebenzisa ukutjhideza ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) Iteksi ikhweza abakhweli abayi-15. Abantu abama-73 banganela emateksini ama-5?
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO CAPS : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-3 namaminithi ama -24) 1.9 Ukurarulula Ukurarulula Iimbonelo zemihlobo yemiraro engenziwa ngeThemu le Ukubuthele- imiraro yamagama imiraro yamagama • UKosikazi Matjhiga upaka amamafini ama 66 ngeempakaneni ngasi-6. Uneempakana la nok- ezisebujameni ezisebujameni ezingaki? wabelana bewuhlathulule bewuhlathulule • USizani uthola imali ema-R72 ngokuthengisa amathikithi werafula ngamaranda ali-R9. okurholela iinsombululo zakho iinsombululo zakho Mangaki amathikithi awathengisileko? ekuhlu- ufake ukwabelana ufake ukwabelana • Umphakathi usiza imindeni eli-9 eyaloba izinto zayo ngebanga lomlilo. Kuneengubo kaniseni. ngokulingana ngokulingana ezima-75 okufuze zabelwe imindeni ngokulinganako. nokubuthelela nokubuthelela a) Umndeni ngamunye uzokuthola iingubo ezingaki? . ngeenqhema ngeenqhema b) Zingaki eziseleko? kweenomboro kweenomboro Isilinganiso ezipheleleko ukufika ezipheleleko ukufika • Amaperegisi abiza ama-R8 ikhilogremu ngayinye. Lokha nanginama- R32, e-100 kanye nempendulo e-75 kanye nempendulo ngingathenga amakhilogremu amangaki? ezingahle zifaka iinsalela ezingahle zifaka iinsalela • Ngithenga amakhilogremu ama-4 wamaperegisi begodu angibiza ama-R32. Ikhilogremu yinye ithengwa ngamalini? Imiraro yesilinganiso imihlobo emitjha yemiraro yeThemu yesi-3. Abafundi bangatlhoga isikhathi esinengi nabararulula imiraro. 1.10 Ukurarulula Ukurarulula Iimbonelo zemiraro engenziwa ngeThemu le. Ukwabelana bewuhlathulule bewuhlathulule Ukwabelana, okurholela emafraktjhinini okurholela iinsombululo zemiraro iinsombululo zemiraro • Abela abangani bakho aba- 3 iintinyana zetjhokolede ezili- 7 ukuze boke bathole emafrak- ephathekako efaka ephathekako efaka ngokulingana kungasali litho. tjhinini. hlangana ukwabelana hlangana ukwabelana • Abela abantwana aba-4 iintinyana zetjhokolede ezili-13 ngokulinganako. Munye uthola ngokulingana erholela ngokulingana erholela iintina ezingaki? empendulweni empendulweni Ifraktjhini yokubuthelela zamafraktjhini wohlavu zamafraktjhini wohlavu • Ugogo unikela uKiki ama- R12. UKiki ufuna ukubulunga isithathu semali. Yimalini olulodwa nalayo olulodwa nalayo okufuze ayibulunge? angenahlavu eyodwa. angenahlavu eyodwa. 1 1 3 1 1 3 • Kunamakuke ali 12 ngesitjeni. UNomonde uthatha ikotara yinye yamakuke. Kusele isib. 2 , 4 , 4 njll. isib. 2 , 4 , 4 njll. mangaki? Ukutlola Abafundi akukafuneki bonyana batlole itshwayo lefraktjhini. Abafundi bafunda ukulebula iingcenye zamafraktjhini njenga kunye kokuhlanu, amakotara ama 3 nofana okuthathu kokusithandathu. Lokhu kubasiza kokuthoma ukuzwisisa bonyana amagama wamafraktjhini ahlathulula bonyana ziingcenye ezingaki ezilinganako okupheleleko okuhlukaniswe ngakho, isibonelo, amahafu, ubuthathu, amakotara, njll begodu okwesibili ziingcenye ezingaki zalokho eziqaliweko, isib. Ubu 2 obuthathu. Ukujamela imiraro yamagama yamafraktjhini Abafundi kufuze bagwale iimpendulo zabo ukutjengisa bonyana bazwisisa umraro. 423 Lindela bonyana abanye abafundi bangagwala kuhle kodwana balebule kumbi ingcenye yefraktjhini. Abafundi kufuze batjho iingcenye ezabelenweko ngokuzitlola njengobu 2 bobuthathu. ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 424 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-3 namaminithi ama -24) 1.11 • Ukukhumbula • Ukukhumbula Iimbonelo zemiraro engenziwa ngeThemu le Imali nokubona imali nokubona imali Ubungako bemali nokwenza amanani isib. yeSewula Afrika yeSewula Afrika Tlola ama 325c njengamaranda namsende. eziinhlamvu begodu eziinhlamvu begodu nemali yamaphepha nemali yamaphepha Kungezindlela ezihlukileko ezingaki ongenza ngazo amaranda ama R400 usebenzisa imali yamaphepha yodwana? Wazi bunjani bonyana uneensombululo zoke? • Ukurarulula imiraro • Ukurarulula imiraro yemali efaka hlangana yemali efaka hlangana UMnu. Lebethe umumakhi begodu uthola ibhonasi ngokuqeda umsebenzi ngesikhathi. inani netjhentjhi inani netjhentjhi Uqunta ukwaba ibhonasi le hlangana kwakhe nombazi. kufikela emaranda kufikela emaranda Umuntu munye uthola amaranda ama R400. Each person receives R400. namasende namasende Buyini ubungako bebhonasi? • Tjhugulula hlangana • Tjhugulula hlangana UNina nabangani bakhe abathathu babelana amaranda ama R20-60. Munye uthole malini? kwamaranda kwamaranda namasende namasende UKUBALA OBUSEBUJAMENI OBUTJHAPHULUKILEKO 1.12 Sebenzisa amaqhinga Sebenzisa amaqhinga Abafundi balindeleke bonyana babale imiraro yamagama basebenzisa akathekniki Amathekniki alandelako lokha alandelako lokha alandelako: ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 (iindlela nakubalwako nakubalwako • Ukwakha nokuphula iinomboro namkha • Ukwakha nokuphula • Ukwakha nokuphula • Ukubuyelela kabili nokuhafula phakathi amaqhinga) iinomboro iinomboro • Amanambalayini • Ukubuyelela kabili • Ukubuyelela kabili • Ukutjhideza etjhumini nokuhafula phakathi nokuhafula phakathi Qala amanothi weThemu yoku 1 • Amanambalayini • Amanambalayini • Ukutjhideza etjhumini • Ukutjhideza etjhumini ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO CAPS : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-3 namaminithi ama -24) 1.13 • Ukuhlanganisa • Ukuhlanganisa Ethemini le abafundi baragela phambili ngokubala iinomboro zamadijithi amathathu ukufika Ukuh- ukufikela ku-999 ukufikela ku-999 ema-800. Ukuze abale ngeenomboro zamadijithi amathathu abafundi bafanele bakghone langanisa • Ukukhupha ku-999 • Ukukhupha ku-999 uku: nofana uku- • funda nokutlole amatshwayo weenomboro ukufikela ema-800 ngokuzithemba; • Ukusebenzisa • Ukusebenzisa khupha amatshwayo afaneleko amatshwayo afaneleko • hlela amadanise iinomboro ukufika okungasenani ema-800 ngokuzithemba; ( +, -, =, ) ( +, -, =, ) • bala ngeenqhema ukufika ema 800 ngokuzithemba; begodu • Ukujayeza • Ukujayeza • bala ngokuzithemba ngeenkhewu zanga ku 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 50 ne 100 ukufika ema 800. ukuhlangana ukuhlangana Iindlela ezinokwenzeka zokubonisa ukuhlanganisa neembalo zokukhupha. kweenomboro kweenomboro ukufika • Ukuhlanganisa ngokuphula iinomboro zombili. ukufikela ema-30 ema-30 Ukuhlanganisa amadijithi amathathu namadijithi amabili. 524 + 82 =  = (500 + 20 + 4) + (80 + 2) = 500 + (20 + 80+ (4 + 2) = (500 + 100) + 6 = 600 + 6 = 606 Ukuhlanganisa amadijithi amathathu begodu namadijithi amathathu. 323 + 436 =  323 + 436 = (300 + 20 + 3) + (400 + 30 + 6) = (300 + 400) + (20 + 30) + (3 + 6) = 700 + 50 + 9 = 759 • Ukuhlanganisa ( ngokuphula iinomboro ezokuhlanganiswa) Abafundi bazokuphula inomboro ngeendlela zabo ezilawulekako kibo. Lokhu kutjho bonyana bazokwenza ngeendlela ezihlukeneko. 524 + 82 =  524 + (40 + 40 + 2) 524 + 40 564 + 40 604 + 2 = 606 Ukubala uye phambili ukusuka ema 40 ukufika ema 524 kungenziwa ngokubala nge 10. Ukuhlanganisa iinomboro zamadijithi amathathu nezinye iinomboro zamadijithi amathathu 323 + 436 =  = 323 + (400 + 20 + 6) = (323 + 400) + 20 + 6 = (723 + 20) + 6 425 = 743 + 6 = 749 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 426 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-3 namaminithi ama -24) 1.13 • Ukuhlanganisa • Ukuhlanganisa • Ukukhupha ngokuphula iinomboro zombili Ukuh- ukufikela ku-999 ukufikela ku-999 Khupha inomboro enamadijithi amabili enomborweni enamadijithi amathathu langanisa • Ukukhupha ku-999 • Ukukhupha ku-999 889 – 137 =  nofana uku- • Ukusebenzisa • Ukusebenzisa 889 – 137 = (800 + 80 + 9) – (100 + 30 + 7) khupha amatshwayo afaneleko amatshwayo afaneleko = (800 – 100) + (80 – 30) + (9 – 7) ( +, -, =, ) ( +, -, =, ) = 700 + 50 + 2 • Ukujayeza • Ukujayeza = 752 ukuhlangana ukuhlangana kweenomboro kweenomboro ukufika • Ukukhupha ngokuphula inomboro yinye ukufikela ema-30 ema-30 889 – 137 =  889 – (100 + 30 + 7) 889 – 100 789 – 30 759 – 7 = 752 • Usebenzisa ukuhafula kabili ukuphula inomboro 525 + 16 = 525 + 8 + 8 = (525 + 8) + 8 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 = 533 + 8 = 541 • Bala uye phambili begodu nemuva 805 = 798 =  Ukubala uye phezulu ngakunye ukusuka ema 798 kuliqhinga elifaneleko ngombana iinomboro zitjhidelene. • ukubona ukubuyabuyelana okuseduze 245 + 246 kungatjhiwo bonyana isibalo esingehla singaba kubuyelela kabili kwama 245 + 1 kubuyelela kabili kwama 246 – 1 245 + 245 + 1 = (200 + 40 + 5) + (200 + 40 + 5) + 1 = (200 + 200) + (40 + 40) + (5 + 5) + 1 = 400 + 80 + 10 + 1 = 400 + (80 + 10) + 1 = 400 + 90 + 1 ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) = 491
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO CAPS : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-3 namaminithi ama -24) 1.13 • Ukuhlanganisa • Ukuhlanganisa • Tjhugululela inomboro esibuyabuyelelo setjhumi begodu ukhuphe nofana uhlanganise Ukuh- ukufikela ku-999 ukufikela ku-999 imivo. langanisa • Ukukhupha ku-999 • Ukukhupha ku-999 Bala uye phambili nofana uye emuva ufike na-10 nofana uku- • Ukusebenzisa • Ukusebenzisa 588 + 9 khupha amatshwayo afaneleko amatshwayo afaneleko 588 + 10 = 598 ( +, -, =, ) ( +, -, =, ) 598 – 1 = 597 • Ukujayeza • Ukujayeza 588 + 19 ukuhlangana ukuhlangana 588 + 20 = 608 kweenomboro kweenomboro ukufika 608 – 1 = 607 ukufikela ema-30 ema-30 Ukuthuthukisa nokujayeza amakghono wokuhlanganisa nokukhupha Abafundi batlhoga ukuzijayeza ukwenza imihlobo eminye yamakghono wokuhlanganisa nokukhupha. Abafundi bafanele babe namathuba wokwenza imihlobo elandelako yeembalo ngeenomboro ukufika ema 800: Hlanganisa nofana ukhuphe ipara yesibuyabuyelelo se-10, ukudlulela ngale kwe-100. • 40 + 70 • 70 + 80 • 120 – 30 • 150 – 60 Hlanganisa nofana ukhuphe i-10 kunanyana ngiyiphi inomboro enamadijithi amabili nofana amathathu ukufaka hlangana ema-100. Isibonelo: • 65 + 10 • 124 + 10 • 326 – 10 • 358 - 10 Hlanganisa nofana ukhuphe idijithi yinye enomborweni enamadijithi amathathu ngaphandle kokweqela ngale kwetjhumi. Isibonelo: • 634 + 5 • 775 +  = 779 • 768 – 4 Hlanganisa begodu ukhuphe idijithi yinye ekubuyabuyeleni kwali 100. Add and subtract a 427 single digit to and from a multiple of 100 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 428 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-3 namaminithi ama -24) 1.13 • Ukuhlanganisa • Ukuhlanganisa Isibonelo: Ukuh- ukufikela ku-999 ukufikela ku-999 • 600 + 4 langanisa • Ukukhupha ku-999 • Ukukhupha ku-999 • 500 + 3 nofana uku- • Ukusebenzisa • Ukusebenzisa • 700 - 6 khupha amatshwayo afaneleko amatshwayo afaneleko • 800 - 5 ( +, -, =, ) ( +, -, =, ) Thoma ngokuhlanganisa nokukhupha ipara yokubuyabuyelela kwali 100. • Ukujayeza • Ukujayeza • 100 + 100 ukuhlangana ukuhlangana • 100 + 200 kweenomboro kweenomboro ukufika ukufikela ema-30 ema-30 • 200 + 200 • 300 + 400 Abafundi bafanele banikelwe amathuba wokuzijayeza amaphetheni wokuhlanganisa nokukhupha. Nangazi bonyana u-1+ 1 = 2 Bese liyini: 10 + 10 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 100 + 100 Thoma ukuhlanganisa nofana ukukhupha ipara yesibuyabuyelelo nofana ngiyiphi inomboro enamadijithi amathathu. Isibonelo: 675 + 100 762 – 100 Ukuhlola imiphumela yeembalo Ukujaja ukuzwisiseka kweensombululo Abafundi bafanele babandulwe ukujaja ukuzwisiseka kweensombululo. Indlela enye yokwenza lokhu ngukulinganisa iimpendulo zabo ngaphambi kobana babale. Lokha nawuhlanganisa iinomboro ezimbili ezitjhideleneko, isib. i-145 begodu ne 146, abafundi bangasebenzisa ukubuyelela kabil njengendlela yokulinganisa iimpendulo zabo. Ukuhlola iinsombululo Abafundi bafanele bazi bonyana banga: • Hlola isibalo sokuhlanganisa ngokukhupha. Isibonelo: lokha ama-436 + 118 = 454; bese 454 – 118 = 436 • Hlola isibalo sokukhupha ngokuhlanganisa. Isibonelo: 684 – 248 = 436, bese 436 + 248 ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) = 684 Ukusebenzisa umbalopherhuko ukuhlola iinsombululo ngesinye seenzathu zokufundisa ukuhlanganisa nokukhupha ndawonye.
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO CAPS : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-3 namaminithi ama -24) 1.14 • Buyabuyelela • Buyabuyelela Ethemini le abafundi baragela phambili ngoku: Ukuh- iinomboro ngeye iinomboro ngeye • Sebenzisa begodu nokuzwisisa ilimi lokubuyabuyelela; langanisa 2,3,4,5,10 2,3,4,5,10 • Jamela ukubuyabuyelela njengerhemo; okubuyele- ukuhlanganisa ukufika ukuhlanganisa ukufika • Sebenzisa amatshwayo afaneleko ukurhumutjha imitjho yeenomboro; lweko ema 99 ema 99 • Zwisisa bonyana ukuhlanganisa okubuyelelwako kungajanyelwa ngokusebenzisa okurholela • Ukusebenzisa • Ukusebenzisa itshwayo lokubuyabuyelela; ekubuy- amatshwayo amatshwayo • Jayeza begodu nokuzwisisa bonyana ukubuyabuyelela kungenziwa nanyana kungayiphi abuyeleleni ngokufaneleko( x, =, ) ngokufaneleko( x, =, ) indlela (umthetho nofana ihlelo elihlanakelekako); • Sebenzisa inambalayini ukubonisa iimbalo zokubuyabuyelela begodu ukghone ukuhlathulula ukujanyelwa (iindlela imeqo ebonisa ngayo ukuhlanganisa okubuyelelweko); begodu • Thoma ukuzwisia ihlelo elabiweko lokubuyabuyelela. Abafundi baragela phambili ukusebenzisa imihlobohlobo yemifanekiso ukuzwisisa ukubuyabuyelela. Qala amanothi eThemini yesi -2. Amaqhinga wokubuyabuyelela alisizo Ukusebenzisa ukubuyelela kabili Isibonelo: Zalisa ithebula lokubuyelela ngakahlanu. Ngimaphi amaphetheni owabonako? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ×5 × 10 Buyabuyelela iinomboro ethebuleni yokubuyabuyelela ngahlanu ukuthola iinomboro ereyini yethebula yangetjhumi. Ubona amaphetheni maphi? Zalisa ithebula lokubuyelela ngakubili. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ×2 ×4 Buyabuyelela iinomboro ngethebuleni lokubuyabuyelela ngakubili ukuthola iinomboro ethebuleni lokubuyelela ngakune. Ngimaphi amaphetheni owabonako? • Ukusebenzisa ukuhafula kabili Iinqhema ezintathu obu-8 zilingana nama-24 Iinqhema ezisithandathu zanga-4 zilingana nama 24   4         +      4       +      4       +      4       +      4       +      4   429 Ngebanga lalokho:            8                   +                    8                     +                    8         Iinqhema zangasi-6 ezi-4 zifana neenqhema ezi 3 zango 8. ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 430 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-3 namaminithi ama -24) 1.14 • Buyabuyelela • Buyabuyelela Ngikuphi okuhlukileko kunethemini yesi 2? Ukuh- iinomboro ngeye iinomboro ngeye Ethemini le irherho leenomboro abafundi abazosebenza ngazo lingezeleleke ukufika langanisa 2,3,4,5,10 2,3,4,5,10 ema 99. Ukusebenza ngerherho leenomboro ezingezelelweko kutjho bonyana abafundi okubuyele- ukuhlanganisa ukufika ukuhlanganisa ukufika kufuze bathome ukusebenza ngamaqhinga wokubala afaneleko begodu nangamarekhodi lweko ema 99 ema 99 atloliweko ukufika eempendulweni zabo. okurholela • Ukusebenzisa • Ukusebenzisa Amaqhinga wokurekhoda ekubuy- amatshwayo amatshwayo Ethemini yesi- 3 neye- 4 abafundi bazozijayeza ukurekhoda ukuhlukanisa basebenzisa abuyeleleni ngokufaneleko( x, =, ) ngokufaneleko( x, =, ) iinomboro begodu bangabambeleleli emigwaleni. Amaqhinga wokurekhoda ngeze asafumaneka ebafundini lokha nabangazwisisi ukusebenza. Nabalinga ukusebenzisa indlela abangayizwisisiko kuzogcina kunemitjhapho abafundi ngokwabo abangeze baba nekghono lokuyibona. Kuqakathekile bonyana abafundi bakghona ukubona ukuhlobana hlangana kokubuyabuyelela begodu nokuhlukanisa. Umnqopho wamarekhodi atlolwako ufanele uthuthukise ukuzwisisa kwabafundi kokuhlobana kweenomboro. Ukusebenzisa ukubuyabuyelela Abafundi bafanele bakwazi ukusebenzisa ilwazi labo lokubuyabuyelela. Bafanele bathome ukutjho bonyana: ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 “ Ngazini ngokubuyabuyelela ukuze ngithole ipendulo?” 96 ÷ 3 =  Ngiyazi bonyana: 10 x 3 = 30 Bese: 96 – 30 = 66 Ngiyazi bonyana: 10 x 3 = 30 Bese: 66 – 30 = 36 Ngiyazi bonyana: 10 x 3 = 30 Bese: 36 – 30 = 6 6÷3=2 Ngendlela engaphezulu, abafundi basebenzisa ukubuyabuyelela begodu bakhupha ngokubuyelela ema 96. Bese babala bonyana bakhuphe amahlandla amangaki : 2 + 10 + 10 + 10 = 32 Ukuphula iinomboro Abafundi bangahlukanisa ama- 96 ngeenomboro ezikhambisana noku 3. Abafundi godu basebenzisa ilwazi labo lokubuyabuyelela ukuze benze ukuhlukanisa kokubuyelela. ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO CAPS : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-3 namaminithi ama -24) 1.15 • Hlukanisa iinomboro • Hlukanisa iinomboro 96 ÷ 3 =  Ukuhlu- ukufika ema-99 ngaku ukufika ema-99 ngaku kanisa 2, 3, 4, 5, 10 2, 4, 5, 10, 3, 96 = 30 + 30 + 30 + 6 • Ukusebenzisa • Ukusebenzisa amatshwayo afaneleko amatshwayo afaneleko ( ÷, =, ) ( ÷, =, ) iinqhema ezi10 iinqhema ezi10 iinqhema ezi10 iinqhema ezi 2 zanga 3 zanga 3 zanga 3 zanga 3 Lokho abafundi abakwenzako eembonelweni zombili basebenzisa ukukhupha okubuyelelweko “ngeentokatokana”. Njengalokha ukubuyabuyelela “kwakha iinomboro”, ukuhlukanisa kungabonwa “njengokuphulwa kweenomboro”. Ngalendlela ukuzwisiseka kokuhlukanisa kuyaqiniswa njengompherhuko wokubuyabuyelela.. Abafundi bangasebenzisa ukukhupha okubuyelelweko njengentoka tokana , begodu barekhode kuyo iindlela ezifana nalokha okuvezwe ngenzasi.   10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 1 1 1 1 1 1 96 ÷ 3 =  96 ÷ 3 = 32 Ukusebenza ngeensalela Abafundi bazakube basebenze ngeensalela nabenza ukubuthelela nokwabelana imiraro yamagama. Kuqakathekile bonyana bathulelwe ngemitjho yeenomboro yokuhlukanisa (ubujamo obutjhaphulukileko) evumela iinsalelo. Isibonelo: Hlathululela abafundi bonyana: Lokha nabazi bonyana 28 ÷ 7 = 4. Azakuba yini 29 ÷ 7 = 4? Kulindeleke bonyana abafundi barekhode iimpendulo zabo ngendlela elandelako:29 ÷ 7 = 4 isalela yi-1. Sifuna abafundi bakghone ukutjho bonyana ngimaphi amaphuzu wokuhlukanisa abawaziko, isib. 25 ÷ 5 = 5 ngebanga lalokho ama 26 ÷ 5 = 5 isalela yi-1 431 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE AMANYE AMANOTHI BESIKHATHI IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO : IMINQOPHO WOKUTLHADLHULA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 432 KONYAKA YETHEMU YESI-3 NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA ze-iri -1 begodu YOKUFUNDISA namaminithi ama -24) 1.16 Umqondonomboro: irherho lama 999 Umqondonomboro: irherho lama 700 Iimbalo zehloko Iimbalo • Ukuhlela iinomboro ezikhethiweko ngokwesede • Ukuhlela iinomboro ezikhethiweko Qala amanothi weThemu zehloko. enikeliweko. ngokwesede enikeliweko. yesi 2, kodwana sebenzisa • Ukumadanisa iinomboro ukufika ku-999 begodu utjho • Ukumadanisa iinomboro ukufika ku-200 irherho leenomboro eziphezulu bonyana ngiyiphi enengi nofana encani begodu utjho bonyana ngiyiphi enengi nofana ezinqiphisiweko ethemini yesi 3 • Ukwazi bonyana ngiyiphi inomboro: encani • enengi nga-1 nofana encani nga-1 • Ukwazi bonyana ngiyiphi inomboro: • Ukwazi bonyana ngiyiphi inomboro: • enengi nga-1 nofana encani nga-1 • enengi nga-2 nofana encani nga-2 • Ukwazi bonyana ngiyiphi inomboro: • Ukwazi bonyana ngiyiphi inomboro: • enengi nga-2 nofana encani nga-2 • enengi nga-3 nofana encani nga-3 • Ukwazi bonyana ngiyiphi inomboro: • Ukwazi bonyana ngiyiphi inomboro: • enengi nga-3 nofana encani nga-3 • enengi nga-4 nofana encani nga-4 • Ukwazi bonyana ngiyiphi inomboro: • Ukwazi bonyana ngiyiphi inomboro: • enengi nga-4 nofana encani nga-4 • enengi nga-5 nofana encani nga-5 • Ukwazi bonyana ngiyiphi inomboro: • Ukwazi bonyana ngiyiphi inomboro: • enengi nga-5 nofana encani nga-5 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 • enengi nge-10 nofana encani nge-10 • Ukwazi bonyana ngiyiphi inomboro: Ukukhumbula msinyana • enengi nge-10 nofana encani nge-10 • Ukuhlanganisa nokukhupha ukufika ema 20 Ukukhumbula msinyana • Hlanganisa nofana ukhuphe ukubuyabuyelela nge 10 • Khumbula amaphuzu wokuhlanganisa ukusuka eli 0 ukufika e 100 nokukhupha ukufika ema 20 • Amaphuzu wokubuyabuyelela nokuhlukanisa ngokwe: • Ukuhlanganisa nofana ukhuphe ukubuyabuyelela nge 10 ukusuka eli 0 • ithebula yangakubili ukufika ku 2 x 10 ukufika e 100 • ithebula yangalitjhumi ukufika ku10 x 10 Amaqhinga wokubala ngehloko Amaqhinga wokubala Ukusebenzisa amaqhinga wokubala • Ukusebenzisa amaqhinga wokubala alandelako.: alandelako. • Ukubeka inomboro ekulu maqangi ukuze ubale uye • Ukubeka inomboro ekulu maqangi ukuze phambili nofana ubale uye emuva ubale uye phambili nofana ubale uye emuva • Inambalayini. • Inambalayini. • Ukubuyelela kabili nokuhafula phakathi • Ukubuyelela begodu nohafula phakathi • Ukwakha nokuphula • Ukwakha nokuphula • Ukusebenzisa ubudlelwana hlangana nokuhlanganisa ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) • Ukusebenzisa ubudlelwana hlangana begodu nokukhupha. nokuhlanganisa begodu nokukhupha. • Ukusebenzisa ubudlelwana hlangana nokubuyelela • Ukusebenzisa ubudlelwana hlangana nokuhlukanisa. nokubuyelela nokuhlukanisa.
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO CAPS : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-3 namaminithi ama -24) 1.17 • Sebenzisa begodu Ethemini le abafundi baragela phambili noku: Amafrak- utjho amafraktjhini • Funda amagama weengcenye zamafraktjhini; tjhini ukufaka hlangana • Sebenzisa amagama ngebujameni ahlukeneko; amahafu, amakotara, ajayele- • bona ingcenye yamafraktjhini; kobunane,kwesithathu, kileko kwesithandathu • Thoma ukuzwisisa bungako bamafraktjhini; begodu nokwesihlanu • Thola amafraktjhini wezinto; • Ukubona amafraktjhini • Funda ngokulingana kwamafraktjhini; begodu wesakhiwo sesifaniso • Madanisa amafraktjhini. • Ukuthoma ukulemuka Ethemini le abafundi bathoma ukubala iingcenye zamafraktjhini begodu bafunde bonyana amahafu amagama amatjha wamafraktjhini. amabili namkha kuthathu kwesithathu Ukubala iingcenye zamafraktjhini kuvumela abafundi ukubona iingcenye zokubuyabuyelela begodu nokuthi zenza begodu ibanikela ilimi lamafraktjhini avangeneko nangasisezingeni. Amafraktjhini into yinye epheleleko weendulungu alungile ukusebenzisa umqondo lo. Khuthaza abafundi ukubala ngombana begodu nokuthi ihafu bazoku bala ibuthelelo lezinto, isib. kunye kwesine, okubili kwesine, okuthathu kwesinje, yinye namakota okuhlanu kwesine ...ungabawa abafundi ukwenza kunye okupheleleko ngokusebenzisa amabili ayalingana. abokune e begodu ubuze bonyana “lokha nasinakuhlanu kwesine, ngabe lokho kunengi kunokupheleleko, kuncani kunokupheleleko, nofana kulingana nokupheleleko?” Thatha • Ukutlola amafraktjhini ithuba leli ukulungiselela umsebenzi osisekelo wamafraktjhini avangeneko ngokubuza njengehafu yi-1 na 2 bonyana: “thatha okulikhomba kwesithathu. Ungenza okuzeleko okungaki? Ziingcenye kwesithathu ezingaki eziseleko?” Sifuna abafundi batjho bonyana : “kunokupheleleko okubili begodu kusele kunye kokuthathu” Umhlobo lo womsebenzi ukhuthaza: • Ukuzwisisa inani lamahafu / leenquntu kokupheleleko • Iindlela ezihlukahlukeneko zokukhuluma ngokubuyabuyelela iinomboro ngamahafu / neenquntu. 433 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
IGREYIDI YESI-3 ITHEMU YESI- 3 2. AMAPHETHENI, AMAFANKTJHINI NE-ALJIBHRA 434 UBUDE IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IMINQOPHO YETHEMU : IIMFUNEKO YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu YESI-3 namaminithi ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA ama -24) 2.1 Ukukopulula, Ukukopulula, ukungezelela Ragela phambili nokunikela abafundi irherho elifanako lamaphetheni njengalawo isifundo si-1 Amapheth- ukungezelela begodu begodu nokuhlathulula. aku Themu yoku-1, kodwana faka hlangana woke amajamo amatjha begodu eni weJi- nokuhlathulula Kopulula, ngezelela begodu emaphethenini njengoba kusetjenzwa ngawo eSikhaleni Nobujamo. Qala amanothi yomethri Kopulula, ngezelela uhlathulule ngamagama wamaphetheni we Themu yoku-1 begodu namanothi weSikhala Nobujamo eThemini begodu uhlathulule • amaphetheni alula enziwe yesi-2. ngamagama ngezinto eziphathekako Vumela abafundi bakopulule mantanzi , bese bayangezelela begodu emaswapheleni • amaphetheni alula • amaphetheni alula enziwe bahlathulule amaphetheni. Njenga nje,bafanele bonyana sebayakwazi ukuhlathulula enziwe ngezinto ngemigwalo yemida, amaphetheni ngaphandle kokurhelejwa mibuzo ebarholako. Ragela phambili eziphathekako yamajamo nofana ngezinto nokuqopha ekuthuthukiseni ilimi abalitlhogako lokuhlathulula amaphetheni. • amaphetheni alula Amaphetheni lapho inomboro enziwe ngemigwalo nofana ubukhulu wesinye yemida, yamabujamo nesinye isigaba itjhuguluka nofana ngezinto ngendlela abonela phambili Ukuzakhela wakhe esigabeni esinye nesinye o.u. amaphetheni akhula ngendlela ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 amaphetheni ehlelekileko eqelekileko Ukuzakhela wakhe amaphetheni Irherho lamaphetheni: weJiyomethri Amaphetheni lapho inani • ngezinto lamajamo kesinye nesinye eziphathekako esigabaeni ngasinye itjhuguluka ngendlela enebonelophambili • ngokugwala o.u. amaphetheni akhula imida,ubujamo nofana ngendlela eqakathekileko. izinto Ukuzakhela wakhe Amaphetheni amaphetheni asizungelezileko Ukuzakhela wakhe Ukubona , ukuhlathulula amaphetheni weJiyomethri : ngamagama nokukopulula • ngezinto eziphathekako amaphetheni • ngokugwala imida,amajamo weJiyomethri nofana izinto • weemveleni • ebuphilweni ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) bangamalanga banamhlanje • elifeni lamasiko wethu
UBUDE IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IMINQOPHO YETHEMU : IIMFUNEKO YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu YESI-3 CAPS namaminithi ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA ama -24) 2.2 Ukukopulula,uku Ukukopulula,ukungezelela Qala amanothi weThemu yoku-1 3 lessons Amaphethe- ngezelela begodu begodu uhlathulule Ngezelela ukulandelana ufake hlangana abo: ni weenom- uhlathulule Ukukopulula, ukungezelela • ngabo ku-1 ukusuka kunanyana ngiyiphi inomboro pha hlangana kwe- 0 nama- boro Ukukopulula, begodu nokuhlathululea 750 ukungezelela begodu ukulandelana kweenomboro okulula kufika okungasenani • ngali-10 ukusuka kunanyana ngikuphi ukubuyabuyelela kwe-10 hlangana kwe-0 nokuhlathulula e-180 nama-750 ukulandelana kweenomboro nokulula Ukulandelana kufanele • ngaku-5 ukusuka kunanyana ngikuphi ukubuyabuyelela kwaku-5 hlangana kwe-0 ukufika okungasenani kutjengise ukubala uye phambili nama-750. ema-700 nemuva nga: • Ngaku-2 ukusuka kunanyana ngikuphi ukubuyabuyelela kwaka ku-2 hlangana • ku-1 ukusuka kunanyana kwe-0 nama -750 Ukuzakhela wakhe ngiyiphi inomboro hlangana amaphetheni ne-0 ne-750. • Nge-100 ukusuka kunanyana ngikuphi ukubuyabuyelela kwe-100 ukufika Ukuzakhela amaphetheni okungasenani e-1000 • Li-10 ukusuka kunanyana weenomboro. ngikuphi ukubuyabuyelela se- • ngama-50 ukusuka kunanyana ngikuphi ukubuyabuyelela kwama-50 ukufika 10 hlangana ne-0 ne-750. okungasenani e-1000 • Ku-5 ukusuka kunanyana • ngama-25 ukusuka kunanyana ngikuphi ukubuyabuyelela kwama-25 ukufika ngikuphi ukubuyabuyelela okungasenani e-1000 kwaku ku-5 hlangana ne-0 • Ngama-20 ukusuka kunanyana ngikuphi ukubuyabuyelela kwama-20 ukufika ne-750. okungasenani e-1000 • Ku-2 ukusuka kunanyana ngikuphi ukubuyabuyelela • Ngaku-3 ukusuka kunanyana ngikuphi ukubuyabuyelela kwaka 3 hlangana kwe-0 saka ku-2 hlangana ne -0 nama-750 ne-750. • ngaku -4 ukusuka kunanyana ngikuphi ukubuyabuyelela kwa ka 4 hlangana kwe-0 • Ku-3 ukusuka kunanyana nama-750 ngikuphi esinye nesinye Sebenzisa izinto, iinthombe, amathebula netjhadi naneko ukusekela abafundi ukubuyabuyelela kwaku ku-3 ekutjhugulukeni kusukela ekubaleni ngokweqa begodu nokulandelandelana ukuya hlangana ne-0 ne750 ekubuyabuyeleleni nga 10, 5, 2, 4, 3. • Ku-4 ukusuka ukusuka Ukusiza abafundi basebenzise amaphetheni abawaziko njengesisekelo sokuzijayeza nanyana ngikuphi kesinye begodu nokufunda amanye amaphetheni isib. nesinye ukubuyabuyelela kwaku-4 hlangana ne-0 ne- Ukulandelana kwabo ku 2 ukubeka isisekelo sokulandelana kwabo ma 20. 750 • Ma-20, 25, 50, 100 okungasenani ukufika e-1000. Ukutlama nokuhlathulula amaphetheni wakho 435 Tlama begodu uhlathulule amaphetheni wakho weenomboro ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
IGREYIDI YESI-3 ITHEMU YESI-3 3. ISIKHALA NOBUJAMO (JIYOMETHRI) 436 UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-3 namaminithi ama -24) 3.1 Ubujamo nokubukela Ubujamo nokubukela Ngikuphi okutjha eGreyidini yesi-3 limfundo ezi-3 Ubujamo, • Ukumadanisa • Ukufunda, • Imimebhe, iimplani begodu nelingaphezulu lezinto ezibuthelelweko. ukuzijayeza ukuqaleka ukurhumutjha begodu -- Ukuthola izinto emimebheni. nokubukela okuhlukahlukeneko nokugwala imimmebhe -- Ukulandela iinkombatjhuba emimebheni kwezinto ezifanako engakahleleki zangamalanga. nofana ilingaphezulu -- Ukugwala imimebhe engakahleleki,iimplani nelingaphezulu lezinto zibuthelelweko • Yitjho igama lento lebuthelelo lezinto . Ukufunda nokurhumutjha imimebhe yangamalanga lokha • Ukuthola izinto Imimebhe isitayela esithize sokubona into kusukela ngehla kwendawo. Egreyidini 3 nawuyitjengiswe emimebheni. abafundi basebenza ngemimebhe angakahleleki kuphela, Lokhu akufaki hlangana ihlangothini Ubujamo imimebhe yendlela evamileko nofana imimebhe avamileko wejiyografi. elingakajayeleki. neenkombatjhuba Kungasiza abafundi ukuthoma ngeemplani nofana ukubukela ngehla kwendawana ezincani • Ukufunda, Landela iinkombatjhuba isib.ithreyi yezinto nofana iplani yeetlasini ngaphambi kokubaqala imimebhe yendawo ukurhumutjha begodu ukusukela endaweni ezikudlwana. ugwale imimebhe eyodwa ukuya kwenye Ithemu yesi- 2 iphathelene nokumadanisa kokubukelwa ilingaphezulu, ilingeqadi begodu ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 engakahleleki, emebheni ongakahleleki. nelingaphambili .Ukubona into ehlangothini eliyi obhligi kutjho ukubona ingcenye yayo nofana ilingaphezulu kusukela ngaphezulu begodu uyibone ingenye yayo ukusukela ngehlangothini, Abantwana lebuthelelo lezinto. abancani babona iobhligi yomhlaba kanengi khulu kunokubona ilingaphezulu. Kungasiza • Ukuthola izinto abafundi ukuthoma ukumadanisa amahlangothi wendawo aqaleka ayi-obhligi nemimebhe emebheni yendawo lezo. Nangabe kokubili okubonakalako (ukuqaleka kwe obhligi nokubona • Ubujamo ilingaphezulu) anikelwe , abafundi bangamadanisa lokho abakubona kelinye ihlangothi neenkombatjhuba nalokho okhunye abakubonako. • Landela ikombatjhuba Thoma ngokusiza abafundi bonyana bazwisise imimebhe begodu namaplani bese yokukhambakhamba uyababawa bonyana bafunyane iindawo emimebheni isib. “fumana ngetlasini begodu iklinigi; kuyini okuseduze nayo?” nesikolweni. Nasele abafundi bakgona ukuthola lula I ngokuzijamela emebheni, thoma ngokubanikela • Ukunikela iinlayelo iinkombadlela zokusuka endaweni enye ukuya kwenye emebheni. zokukhambakhamba Gwala ilingaphezulu lezinto ezibuthelelweko begodu nemimebhe engakahleleki ngetlasini begodu Kulula bonyana abafundi bagwale ilingaphezulu lento ethize abangayiqalela phasi nasesikolweni . kunokuba bagwale umebhe ngehloko nofana ngengqondo. Indawo ongathoma ngayo • Landela ikombatjhuba ukugwala ilingaphezulu, ukuvumela abafundi ukuqalela phasi izinto ezibuthelelweko isib. ukusuka endaweni izinto ezisedeskeni lakatitjhere, nofana ithreyi yezinto ezibekwe ehlabathini, begodu ubawe ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) eyodwa ukuya kwenye abafundi bayigwale kusukela ngaphezulu. Abafundi bangaragela phambili ngokugwala emebheni ongakahleki iimplani ezingakahleleki begodu nemimebhe yeendawana ezincani isib.itlasi lokufundela, ibala lesikolo.
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO CAPS : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-3 namaminithi ama -24) 3.2 Irherho lezinto Irherho lezinto Isitjhukumiso somnqopho weThemu yesi-3 Izinto ezibo- Ukukhumbula begodu Ukukhumbula begodu -- Abafundi banganqopha ezintweni ezitja eGreyidini yesi-3, o.u.amaphiramidi begodu busontathu nokutjho amagama nokutjho amaga wezinto neenkurwana/amakhowuni (3-D) wezinto za- 3-D za-3-D ezingetlasini -- Abafundi bakha izinto ngamathunjana wokusela iinselo ezimakhaza nofana ezingetlasini begodu begodu neethombeni amaphayiphu wokuhlwengisa nofana ngeembali mazinyo nofana ngamathunjana neenthombeni • Amajamo webhola wamaphepha aphuthelweko. • Amajamo webhola (indulungu) Yethula kubafundi amakhoni namaphiramidi. (indulungu) • Amajamo bebhoksi Ukunqopha ematshwayeni wezinto za (3-D ): zelingaphezulu elithabaleleko nofana • Amajamo bebhoksi (amaphrizimu) eligobeneko, ubujamo belingaphezulu elithabaleleko (amaphrizimu) • Amasilinda • Ingaphezulu elithabaleleko nofana eligobeneko • Amasilinda • Amaphiramidi EThemini yesi- 2 • Amaphiramidi • Iinkurwana (Amakhoni) • Abafundi banqopha ekuthini izinto zinelingaphezulu elithabaleleko nofana eligobeneko. • Iinkurwana (Amakhoni) Amatshwayo wezinto • Abafundi bahlathula amajamo welingaphezulu elingemaqadi ngukutjho bonyana; Amatshwayo wezinto Ukuhlathulula, ukuhlela iindulungu, aboncantathu, iinkwere nofana aboncande. Ukuhlathulula, ukuhlela begodu nokumadanisa Abafundi baragela phambili nokwenza lokhu eThemini yesi-3 , kodwana kwanje baqala begodu nokumadanisa izinto ezi 3-D ngokuya nama phiramidi neenkurwana (amakhowuni). izinto ezi 3-D ngokuya nga/ngo: • Ukwakha izinto ezi 3-D ezikhamba ngayinye . nga/ngo: • majamo we 2-D Abafundi basebenzisa iimbangulimazinyo, namathunjana wamaphepha aphuthelweko, • majamo we 2-D ezenza ubuso bezinto amathunjana wokusela iinselo ezimakhaza nofana amphayiphu wokuhlwengisa ukwenza ezenza ubuso bezinto ze 3-D iphiramidi. Lokhu kwenza abafundi banqophe emaphethelweni wephiramidi. Abafundi ze 3-D • phezulu elisipara abakalindeleki bonyana babale inani lomiphetho nofana umakhona wephiramidi (lokhu • phezulu elisipara nofana eligobeneko kwenziwa eGreyidini yesi-6). nofana eligobeneko Imisetjanzana Ukukhumbula nokutjho amagama wezinto Imisetjenzana enqotjhiweko Abafundi bafanele banikelwe Izinto ezihlukahlukenekoabazokusebenza ngazo : enqophiweko Imisetjenzana -- Okujame njenge ndulungu, isib. iimbholo nofana ubukhulu bomabul , amalamune njll. ; Tjheja godu wak he izinto Tjheja goduwak he izinto za 3-D ezinikelweko -- Okujame onjenge phrizimu, isib. Amabhlogo , iintina , amabhoksi ahlukahlukeneko za 3-D ezinikelweko ngokusebenzisa ngobukhulu , isib.amabhoksi womlilo ,amabhoksi wesiriyeli ,amabhoksi wetiye ngokusebenzisa amamathiriyeli ,amabhoksi wenhlamba mazinyo ; amamathiriyeli aphathekako aphathekako -- Okujame njenge silinda, okufaka hlangana amade namatsikana, isib. inquntwana afana namajamo afana namajamo zamaphayiphi ezinobujamo besilinda , we 2-D asikiweko we 2-D asikiweko -- Ikhadibhodi elingaphakathi lephepha lefoyili nofana iphepha lokuya ngendlwaneni umdaka/ibumba, umdaka/ibumba, begodu namasilinda amafithjani, adage, isib amabhlegana wephoritjhi yamanyathelo, iimbangulimazinyo, iimbangulimazinyo, amabhlegana wesineyifu njll. 437 amaphayiphi wokusela amaphayiphi wokusela -- Okujamo njeenkurwana ( amakhowuni); begodu nezinye izinto eziyi 3-D nezinye izinto eziyi 3-D zeJiyomethri -- Okujame njengephiramidi. zeJiyomethri ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 438 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-3 namaminithi ama -24) 3.2 Irherho lezinto Irherho lezinto Abafundi bafanele babawiwe batjengise izinto ezijame njengebholo (indulungu), Iimfundo Izinto ezibo- Ukukhumbula begodu Ukukhumbula begodu nofana okujame njengebhoksi (phrizimu) , nofanaokujame njenge ( isilinda) , okujame busontathu nokutjho amagama nokutjho amaga wezinto njengephiramidi, nonfana okujamw njengesikurwana . (3-D) wezinto za- 3-D za-3-D ezingetlasini -- Lokha nabanikelwe ibuthelelo lezinto ; nofana ezingetlasini begodu begodu neethombeni -- Ngetlasini, neenthombeni • Amajamo webhola isib. Isitina lesi sinobujamo obufana nebebhoksi nofana ilamune leli linobujamo obufana • Amajamo webhola (indulungu) nebholo. (indulungu) • Amajamo bebhoksi Ngesikhathi sabafundi sokujamela bangenza iimbholo, bebodu namasilinda begodu • Amajamo bebhoksi (amaphrizimu) nobujama bamabhoksi, (amaphrizimu ),amphiramidi ,begodu neenkurwana ngedaka (amaphrizimu) • Amasilinda nofana ihlama yokudlala. • Amasilinda • Amaphiramidi Umsetjenzana otlolwako • Amaphiramidi • Iinkurwana (Amakhoni) Nanyana umsebenzi omnengi wezinto za-3-D wenziwa ngokuphathekako, kufanele • Iinkurwana (Amakhoni) Amatshwayo wezinto uhlanganiswe noku tlola .Umnqopho weGreyidi yesi-3 ufanele ube sekutjhweni amagama Amatshwayo wezinto wezinto begodu nokukhuluma ngobujamo belingaphezulu lento. . Akukalindeleki bonyana Ukuhlathulula, ukuhlela abafundi babale nofana bazi inani nomboro leenkwere, laboncande, aboncantathu nofana Ukuhlathulula, ukuhlela begodu nokumadanisa izinto ezinelingaphezulu eliyidulungu, nofana amawugu atholakala entweni leyo. izin begodu nokumadanisa izinto ezi 3-D ngokuya ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 izinto ezi 3-D ngokuya nga/ngo: ILimi nga/ngo: • majamo we 2-D ILimi elisebenzisekako lokha nawukhuluma ngezinto za-3-D: • majamo we 2-D ezenza ubuso bezinto Ingaphezulu elithabaleleko , eligobeneko , amabhoksi , iimbholo , amasilinda , ezenza ubuso bezinto ze 3-D amaphiramidi , iinkurwana . ze 3-D • phezulu elisipara • phezulu elisipara nofana eligobeneko nofana eligobeneko Imisetjanzana Imisetjenzana enqotjhiweko enqophiweko Imisetjenzana Tjheja godu wak he izinto Tjheja goduwak he izinto za 3-D ezinikelweko za 3-D ezinikelweko ngokusebenzisa ngokusebenzisa amamathiriyeli amamathiriyeli aphathekako aphathekako afana namajamo afana namajamo we 2-D asikiweko we 2-D asikiweko umdaka/ibumba, umdaka/ibumba, ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) iimbangulimazinyo, iimbangulimazinyo, amaphayiphi wokusela amaphayiphi wokusela nezinye izinto eziyi 3-D nezinye izinto eziyi 3-D zeJiyomethri zeJiyomethri
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO CAPS : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-3 namaminithi ama -24) 3.3 Irherho lamajamo Irherho lamajamo Qala amanothi weThemu yoku-1. Iimfundo ezi-2 Amajamo • iindulungu • iindulungu Abafundi bafanele bagcine nomnqopho ofanako , kodwana benze imisetjenzana wa- (2-D) • aboncantathu • aboncantathu ehlukahlukeneko. • iinkwere • iinkwere Abafundi basebenza ngendulungu nangeenkwere ezinesayizi /ubukhulu obuhlukahlukeneko begodu nangabo ncatathu naboncande abanobujamo obuhlukahlukeneko. Bazihlela • aboncande • aboncande ngokuthi zinamahlangothi anqophileko / athabaleleko nofana amahlangothi azindulungu. Amatshwayo Amatshwayo Abafundi bahlela begodu babuthelele amajamo ngokuya ngokuthi aboncantathu, wamajamo wamajamo aziinkwere, aboncande nofana azindulungu. Ukuhlathulula,ukuhlela Ukuhlathulula,ukuhlela Umsebenzi uyahlanganiswa ngemisetjenzana otlolwako ofaka hlangana imigwalo nokubeka begodu nokubeka begodu yamajamo woke afunekako. nokumadanisa izinto ezi- nokumadanisa izinto ezi- ( 2-D) ngokuya ngo: ( 2-D) ngokuya ngo: • bujamo • bujamo • amahlangothi anqophe • amahlangothi anqophe thwi thwi. • amahlangothi • amahlangothi azindulungu . aziindulungu/arondo Gwala amajamo Gwala ubujamo • iindulungu • iindulungu • aboncantathu • aboncantathu • iinkwere • iinkwere • aboncande • aboncande 439 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
IGREYIDI YESI -3 ITHEMU YESI- 3 4. UKUMEDA 440 UBUDE IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO BESIKHATHI AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA : IMINQOPHO YETHEMU IMIHLAHLANDLELA YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu KONYAKA YESI-3 namaminithi ama -24) 4.1 Ukutjho isikhathi Ukutjho isikhathi Abafundi baragela phambili ukuzijayeza ukukhuluma ngobude besikhathi Isikhathi • Ukufunda amalanga • Ukufunda amalanga begodu nangokulandelana kwesikhathi. emakhalendeni emakhalendeni Ngesikhathi sokufundisa itlasi loke begodu nangesikhathi sokunqopha • Ukubeka amalanga • Ukubeka amalanga esiqhemeni, abafundi baragela phambili nokukhuluma ngamalanga weveke, wamabeletho, amafestivali wamabeletho, amafestivali inyanga yonyaka begodu nedadamu yelanga lamhlokho , nangamalanga wezekolo, amaholideyi wezekolo, amaholideyi angaphambili begodu namalanga asezako. Abafundi baragela phambili womphakathi, iminyanya womphakathi, iminyanya nokubeka okulandelako ekhalendeni njengombana izehlakalo zivela yezomlando, izehlakalo yezomlando, izehlakalo • amalanga wamabeletho ; zesikolo ezisekhalendeni. zesikolo ezisekhalendeni. • amafestivali wezekolo ; • Ukutjho isikhathi sama-iri • Ukutjho isikhathi sama-iri ali- • iminyanya yezomlando ; ali-12 ngama 12 ngama • izehlakalo zesikolo ; begodu -- -iri, -- -iri, -- ngesiquntu se-iri -- ngesiquntu se-iri • amaholideyi womphakathi. -- ngekotara ye-iri -- ngekotara ye-iri Ragela phambili ngokutjela abafundi bonyana batjho isikhathi ngamakhefu -- amaminithi -- amaminithi avamileko. ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 wewatjhi le-analogo neenwatjhi wewatjhi le-analogo neenwatjhi -- ngama-iri begodu nangamaminithi wewatjhini ye-analogo; begodu zedijithali begodu nezinye zedijithali begodu nezinye -- ngama-iri, iinquntu zama-iri, begodu nangamakotara wama-iri iinsetjenziswa zedijithali iinsetjenziswa zedijithali ngokusebenzisa amawatjhi we analogo . ezitjengisa isikhathi, isib. ezitjengisa isikhathi, isib. abomaliledinini abomaliledinini Isibonelo, abafundi bangabawiwa bonyana batjho iskhathi sokungena kwesikolo , isikhathi sokudla begodu nesikhathi sokuphuma kwesikolo , Ukubala ubude besikhathi Ukubala ubude besikhathi nofana batjhintja basuka kesinye isifundo baya kwesinye. Khetha iinkhathi begodu nokudlula begodu nokudlula lapho iwatjhi litjengisa isikhathi poro nofana isiquntu se-iri nofana ikotara kwesikhathi kwesikhathi ye-iri. Kuyarhelebha ukuba newatjhi elikhulu, elisebenzako libekwe Ukusebenzisa amakhalenda Ukusebenzisa amakhalenda ngetlasini, fanelekile bonyana kube newatjhi esebenzako ebekwa ngetlasini, ukubala begodu nokuhlathulula ukubala begodu nokuhlathulula uukwenzela bonyana abafundi baqale kilo isikhathi. Abafundi bangenza ubude besikhathi ngokuya ubude besikhathi ngokuya imifaniso yamawatjhi. Ungababawa bonyana bakutjengise iinkhathi ngamalanga nofana ngamalanga nofana ngeemveke ezihlukileko begodu nokufaka hlangana nokhunye ukubalisisa , isib. ngeemveke nofana nofana ngeenyanga ukufaka “Ngitjengisa i-iri le-10 ehloko . Bekusukhathi bani ikotara ye-iri ngaphambi ngeenyanga ukufaka hlangana hlangana kwe –iri letjhumi ?” • ukutjhugulula hlangana • ukutjhugulula hlangana Qala amanothi weThemu yoku-1 kwamalanga neemveke kwamalanga neemveke Ngesikhathi sokusebenza ngokuzijamela , abafundi baragela phambili • ukutjhugulula hlangana • ukutjhugulula hlangana nokwenza imisebenzi ephathelene nokutjho isikhathi: kweemveke neenyanga kweemveke neenyanga -- ngama-iri, iinquntu zama-iri, begodu nangamakotara wama-iri ewatjhini ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) Sebenzisa amawatjhi ukubala Sebenzisa amawatjhi ukubala ye-analogo; begodu ubude besikhathi ngokuya ubude besikhathi ngokuya -- ngama-iri begodu nangamaminithi ewatjhini ye-dijithali ngama-iri nofana iinquntu ngama-iri nofana iinquntu zama-iri zama-iri
UBUDE IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO BESIKHATHI AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA : IMINQOPHO YETHEMU IMIHLAHLANDLELA YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu KONYAKA YESI-3 CAPS namaminithi ama -24) 4.1 Ukutjho isikhathi Ukutjho isikhathi Abafundi bangabala ngeemveke nofana ngamalanga nabanganikelwa iimfundo ezi-4 Isikhathi • Ukufunda amalanga • Ukufunda amalanga ikhalenda nofana iingcenye zekhalenda , isib. Ukuthola idadamu begodu emakhalendeni emakhalendeni nokubala umahluko hlangana nawo • Ukubeka amalanga • Ukubeka amalanga Ukufunda isikhathi se-analogo ngamaminithi wamabeletho, amafestivali wamabeletho, amafestivali Sebenzisa okungasenani iimfundo ezi-3 unqophise abafundi emakghonweni wezekolo, amaholideyi wezekolo, amaholideyi afunekako bonyana bafunde isikhathi se-analogo ngamaminithi. womphakathi, iminyanya womphakathi, iminyanya yezomlando, izehlakalo yezomlando, izehlakalo -- Khumbuza abafundi ngehlathululo yekuseni (a.m) begodu zesikolo ezisekhalendeni. zesikolo ezisekhalendeni. neyentambama (p.m.) • Ukutjho isikhathi sama-iri • Ukutjho isikhathi sama-iri ali- -- Khumbuza abafundi bonyana kunamaminithi ama-60 e-irini linye; ali-12 ngama 12 ngama ngakho-ke kunamaminithi ama-30 esinquntwini se-iri begodu -- -iri, -- -iri, kunamaminithi ali-15 ekotareni ye-iri. Bavumele babale ngaku-5 -- ngesiquntu se-iri -- ngesiquntu se-iri nawukhomba iinomboro ewatjhini ye-analogo. -- ngekotara ye-iri -- ngekotara ye-iri -- Hlathulula imithetho yesikhathi “ukudlula” begodu “nokuya” -- amaminithi -- amaminithi -- Nikela abafundi isikhathi esinengi sokuzijayeza ukufunda isikhathi se- wewatjhi le-analogo neenwatjhi wewatjhi le-analogo neenwatjhi zedijithali begodu nezinye zedijithali begodu nezinye analogo ngamaninithi iinsetjenziswa zedijithali iinsetjenziswa zedijithali Bawa abafundi bonyana batjho isikhathi qho emini umnyaka woke. Abafundi ezitjengisa isikhathi, isib. ezitjengisa isikhathi, isib. bangahlola ewatjhini ye-analogo bonyana banikele isikhathi esifaneleko abomaliledinini abomaliledinini nabafunda iwatjhi ye-analogo. Vumela abafundi benze amawatjhi Ukubala ubude besikhathi Ukubala ubude besikhathi wemifanekiso abangawasebenzisa ukutjho isikhathi begodu nokubala begodu nokudlula begodu nokudlula ukuhluka kweekhathi kwesikhathi kwesikhathi Ukusebenzisa amakhalenda Ukusebenzisa amakhalenda ukubala begodu nokuhlathulula ukubala begodu nokuhlathulula ubude besikhathi ngokuya ubude besikhathi ngokuya ngamalanga nofana ngamalanga nofana ngeemveke ngeemveke nofana nofana ngeenyanga ukufaka ngeenyanga ukufaka hlangana hlangana • ukutjhugulula hlangana • ukutjhugulula hlangana kwamalanga neemveke kwamalanga neemveke • ukutjhugulula hlangana • ukutjhugulula hlangana kweemveke neenyanga kweemveke neenyanga Sebenzisa amawatjhi ukubala Sebenzisa amawatjhi ukubala ubude besikhathi ngokuya ubude besikhathi ngokuya ngama-iri nofana iinquntu ngama-iri nofana iinquntu zama-iri zama-iri 441 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA 442 : IMINQOPHO YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu KONYAKA namaminithi YETHEMU YESI-3 ama -24) 4.2 Ukumeda okungakahleleki Ukwethula ukumeda Ngikuphi okuhlukileko eThemini yesi-2 Ubude • Ukulinganisa, ukumeda, okuhlelekileko EThemini yesi-2 abafundi banqopha ukumadanisa, ukuhlela • Ukulinganisa, • Ekumedeni okungakahleleki ngokusebenzisa amayunithi wobude angakahleleki : begodu urekhode ukumeda, begodu ubudengokusebenzisa ukumadanisa, • Nokumeda ngamamitha iimedo ezingakahleleki, ukuhlela begodu EThemini yesi-3 abafundi bangathoma ukumeda ngamasenthimitha basebenzisa irula. isib. Ubude besandla, urekhode ubude Lokhu kuzokuba sisetjenziswa sokuthoma sokumeda esisetjenziswa bafundi lokha amagadango, ubude ngokusebenzisa nabatlhoga ukufunda iimedo emideni enomboriweko yeemedo. bamapensela, izinto amamitha (iintonga Ukulinganisa, ukumeda, ukumadanisa begodu nokurekhoda ubude, ukuphakama zokubala, njll ezimamitha begodu nobubanzi ngokusebenzisa amamitha • Ukuhlathulula ubude nofana iintambo • Abafundi bafanele bahlanganise ukuzwisisa kwabo kobude bemitha yi-1 begodu bezinto ngokubala ezinobude bemitha) basebenzise ubude bemitha ukumeda into ethileko. Qala amanothi weThemu yesi-2 begodu nokutjho bonyana njengomuvosimedo ohlelekileko. Ukulinganisa, ukumeda, ukumadanisa begodu nokurekhoda ubude, ukuphakama zinobude obungangani begodu nobubanzi ngamasenthimitha ngokusebenzisa irula. bamayunithi angakahleleki • Ukulinganisa • Ukusebenzisa irula • Ukusebenzisa nokumeda ubude ngamasenthimitha Tjengisa abafundi bonyana kuthonywa njani ukumeda ukusuka kulize. ilimi ukukhuluma Lokha abafundi nabasebenzisa amayunithi angakahleleki , bathoma ukubeka ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 ngokumadanisa, isib. ngokusebenzisa izinto ezisetjenziswa njengamayunithi ekuthomeni kwento emedwako. Nawumeda ubude, ubufitjhani, mude irula. ngamasenthimitha, awubeki ekuthomeni kwerula into emedwako Ubeka into emedwako khulu , banzi khulu • Alikho itjhuguluko elizeni lerula. Ukwethula ukumeda elifuneka hlangana okuhlelekileko kwamamitha namasenthimitha. • Ukulinganisa, ukumeda, ukumadanisa, ukuhlela begodu urekhode ubude ngokusebenzisa amamitha (iintonga ezimamitha Iraba inobude bama-2 cm nofana iintambo Kuyakghonakala bonyana unqophise into emedwako ngekuthomeni kwayo nenye ezinobude bemitha) inomboro eseruleni begodu ukhuphe inomboro esekuthomeni kwento emedwako njengomuvosimedo enomborweni esekugcineni kwento emedwako. ohlelekileko. • Ukulinganisa nokumeda ubude ngamasenthimitha ngokusebenzisa irula. ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) Alikho itjhuguluko elifuneka hlangana kwamamitha namasenthimitha. Iraba inobude obuma- (3cm- 1cm) =2 cm
UBUDE IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA : IMINQOPHO YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu KONYAKA CAPS namaminithi YETHEMU YESI-3 ama -24) 4.2 Ukumeda okungakahleleki Ukwethula ukumeda Ngaphandle kobana abafundi babuze ngayo, nofana bazitholele ngokwabo, ingaliselelwa lessons Ubude • Ukulinganisa, ukumeda, okuhlelekileko iGreyidi yesi-4. ukumadanisa, ukuhlela • Ukulinganisa, • Ukulinganisa ngamasenthimitha begodu urekhode ukumeda, Abafundi bafanele bathole izinto ezinobude besenthimitha yi-1 tere. Mhlamunye ubudengokusebenzisa ukumadanisa, munye wemino ububanzi be-1 cm. lokhu kungasetjenziswa njengendawo esitjengiso iimedo ezingakahleleki, ukuhlela begodu yokulinganisa ubude, ubudege, begodu nokuphakamangamasentimitha. Lokha abafundi isib. Ubude besandla, urekhode ubude nasele banekghono lokumeda ngamasentimitha, kufanele balinganise ngaphambi amagadango, ubude ngokusebenzisa kokumeda okhunye nokhunye. bamapensela, izinto amamitha (iintonga • Imida , imigwalo begodu nezinto zokubala, njll ezimamitha Vumela abafundi bathome ukumeda imida. Kulula ukumeda ubude bemida eyenza nofana iintambo ubude, ukuphakama nofana ububanzi bemigwalo yezinto nakusetjenziswa irula. • Ukuhlathulula ubude ezinobude bemitha) Kubudisi khulu ukumeda ubude, ukuphakama nofana ububanzi bezinto eziphathekako bezinto ngokubala njengomuvosimedo ngokusebenzisa irula. begodu nokutjho bonyana ohlelekileko. EGreyidini yesi-4 abafundi bazakumeda ngamasenthimitha nangamamilimitha. zinobude obungangani EGreyidini yesi-3 abakalindeleki bonyana bamayunithi angakahleleki • Ukulinganisa nokumeda ubude Basebenzise amamilimitha. • Ukusebenzisa ngamasenthimitha • Ukumadanisa iimedo ngamasenthimitha ilimi ukukhuluma ngokumadanisa, isib. ngokusebenzisa Abafundi bafanele bamadanise ubude, ububanzi begodu nokuphakama kwezinto irula. ezimedwako ngamasenthimitha. ubude, ubufitjhani, mude khulu , banzi khulu • Alikho itjhuguluko • Ukurekhoda iimedo elifuneka hlangana Nanyana ukumeda kulikghono lokuzijayeza, abafundi bafanele barekhode iimedo zabo Ukwethula ukumeda kwamamitha (ngawo womabili amayunithi angakahleleki begodu ngamamitha) ngaso soke isikhathi. okuhlelekileko namasenthimitha. Ukumeda ubude njengobujamo bokurarulula imiraro begodu nokubala • Ukulinganisa, ukumeda, Ngesikhathi esibekelwe Iinomboro, ama- Oparetjhiniimi noBudlelwana, abafundi ukumadanisa, ukuhlela bangararulula imiraro esebenzisa begodu urekhode ubujamo ubude ngokusebenzisa amamitha (iintonga • Bokumeda okungakahleleki kobude ezimamitha • Ukumeda ngobude amamitha ;begodu nofana iintambo • Ukumeda ubude ngamasenthimitha ezinobude bemitha) Yelela irherho lenomboro elifaneleko leThemu, nemihlobo yeenkinga ezihlukahlukeneko njengomuvosimedo ezifaneleko zeThemu. ohlelekileko. Abafundi ABAKALINDELEKI bonyana • Ukulinganisa nokumeda • bazi bonyana i-100cm= 1 m; ubude ngamasenthimitha • ukwenza itjhuguluko hlangana namasenthimitha namamitha; ngokusebenzisa irula. • bafunde ubude ngamamilimitha ( lokhu kwenziwa ukusuka eGreyidini ye-4) Alikho itjhuguluko elifuneka • bazi bonyana i-10 mm = 1 cm; nofana 443 hlangana kwamamitha • benze itjhuguluko hlangana namasenthimitha namamilimitha. namasenthimitha. Ukubala ngamasenthimitha kungakhethwa ukuze bangeqeli ngale kwe-100 cm. ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO : NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 444 IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu YESI-3 namaminithi ama -24) 4.3 Ukumeda okungakahleleki Ngesikhathi sokusebenza ngokuzijamela abafundi bangaragela phambili Imasi / • Ukulinganisa, ukumeda, noku: Ubudisi ukumadanisa, ukuhlela, • Linganisa, ukumeda, ukuhlela, ukumadanisa begodu nokurekhoda begodu kurekhodwe ubungako, ubungako bezinto ngokusebenzisa isikala sokudzimelela ngamayunithi ngokusetjenzisa iimedo wokumeda angakahleleki. ezingakahleleki begodu nesikala • Madanisa, uhlele begodu urekhoda abakufumeneko. sokudzimelela isib. amabhulogo, -- izinto ezithengiswa esitolo sokudla nezinye izintwanyana zangekhaya iintina njll. ngobungako obutlolwe ngamakhilogremu • Ukusebenzisa ilimi ukukhuluma -- izinto ezithengiswa esitolo esitolo sokudla nezinye izintwanyana ngokumadanisa isib.elula, ebudisi, zangekhaya ngobungako obutlolwe ngamagremu elula-khulu, ebudisi-khulu. Qala amanothi weThemu yesi-2. Ukwethula ukumeda okuhlelekileko Ukumeda ubungako njengobujamo bokuraralula imiraro nokubala • Ukumadanisa, ukuhlela nokurekhoda ubungako bezinto Ngesikhathi esabelwe Iinomboro, amaFanktjhini noBudlelwana, abafundi ezipakelwe ukuthengiswa bangararulula imiraro esebenzisa ezinobungako obutjengiswe ubujamo ngamakhilogremu, isib. ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 • Bokumeda obungakahleleki bobungako amakhilogremu ama-2 wereyisi • bobungako ngamakhilogremu begodu nekhilogremu li-1 leflowuru nofana amagremu ama-500 • bobungako ngamagremu wetswayi Yelela irherho lenomboro elifaneleko leThemu, nemihlobo yeenkinga • Ukumeda ubungako babo ezihlukahlukeneko ezifaneleko zeThemu. ngamakhilogremu ngokusebenzisa isikala sokumeda sangendlini yokuhlambela Alikho itjhuguluko elifunekako hlangana kwamamilimitha namalitha ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
UBUDE IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO : NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO CAPS IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu YESI-3 namaminithi ama -24) 4.4 Ukumeda okungakahleleki Ngesikhathi sokusebenza ngokuzijamela abafundi bafanele baragele phambili Umthamo/ • Ukulinganisa ,nokumeda , ngoku Ivolumu Ukumadanisa nokuhlela umthamo Linganisa nokumeda, ukumadanisa, ukuhlela begodu nokurekhoda weemumathi ( o.u. umthamo umthamo weemumathi nofana ivolumu yeemumathi ngokusebenzisa iimedo ongamumathwa simumathii ezingakahleleki. Ukulandela amaresibhi, ukufaka hlangana ukubhaga , nasizeleko) ngokusebenzisa iimedo kubujamo obusibuzako lapho abafundi bangazijayeza khona ukumeda. ezingakahleleki zokumeda isib. Khetha amaresibhi lapho iinthako zakhona ziphiwa ngamakopi, amathispuni Iingobho namakopi. nofana ngamayunithi angakahleleki. • Ukuhlathulula umthamo wesimumathi ngokubalabegodu • Madanisa begodu uhlele umthamo wamabhodlelo ahlukahlukeneko begodu nokutjho bonyana mangaki nangezinto ezithengiswa esitolo sokudla (igrozari) nezinye intwanyana amayunithi angakahleleki angazalisa zangekhaya lapho umthamo utlolwe khona entweni eziphakethelweko. isimumathi, isib. Ibhodlelo • Sebenzisa nanyana mabhodlelo welitha li-1 nanyana majege welitha linobungako bamakopi ama-4 li-1 ukulinganisa begodu nokumeda, ukumadanisa, ukuhlela begodu Ukwethulwa kokumeda nokurekhoda umthamo weemumathi nofana ivolumu engesimumathini okuhlelekileko ngamalitha. • Ukulinganisa, ukumeda; • Sebenzisa iimumathi ezimeregwe ngamamililitha, isib. 200 ml, 330 ml, 500 ukumadanisa ukuhlela begodu ml, 750 ml, nofana 250 ml yamakopi wokumeda, nofana 5ml yeengobho nokurekhoda umthamo wezinto zokumeda nofana amajege anemida yamamilimitha ameregwe kiwo ngokumeda ngamalitha, iinqunto ukumeda ivolumu nofana imithamo yeemumathi ezingakalebulwa. zamalitha, ngamahafu wamalitha begodu nangamakotara wamalitha. Qala amanothi weThemu yoku-1. • Ukumadanisa, ukuhlela begodu Abafundi bafanelwe banikelwe amathaski atlolwako ukuhlanganisa nokurekhoda umthamo wezinto okulandelako, ukufaka hlangana ukufunda iinthombe ze: ezipakelwe ukuthengiswa, ubungako • mikhiqizo imithamo yazo etlolwe ngamalitha ukuze zilandelaniswe bazo butlolwa ngamalitha, isib. ngendlela efaneleko. Amalitha ama-2 webisi, ilitha li-1 lesiselo esimakhaza, amalitha ama- • iinthombe zamajege lapho ivolumu iseduze nomuda onomborwe ilith 5 wepende nofana ngamamilimitha li-1 nofana amalitha ama-2. Kulindeleke bonyana abafundi bafunde isib. ama-500 ml yebisi, kwaphela umuda onomboriweko oseduze nomthamo. Bahlathulula ivolumu • amamililitha ama-340 wesiselo njengokuthi pheze, / eduze /okunengana kuna/ pheze kube/ nofana esimakhaza, amamilimitha ama-750 inomboro poro (yelitha) abayifunda ejegeni. we-oli. • Imikhiqizo enomthamo otlolwe kiwo ngamamilimitha ukuze kulandelaniswe • Ukwazi bonyana ikopi elisezingeni ngendlela efaneleko. elifaneleko limamililitha ama-250. • Iinthombe zamajege lapho ivolumu iseduze nomuda wamamililitha Ukwazi bonyana ithispuni imamililitha womthamo onomboriweko. ama-5 Kulindeleke bonyana abafundi bafunde kwaphela umuda oseduze Akukalindeleki bonyana kube omeregiweko. 445 netjhugululko hlangana kwamamililitha namalitha ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO : NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 446 IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu YESI-3 namaminithi ama -24) 4.4 Ukumeda umthamo njengobujamo bokurarulula imiraro begodu Umthamo/ nokubala Ivolumu Ngesikhathi esabelwe Iinomboro, ama-opharetjhini noBudlelwana, abafundi bangararulula imiraro ngokusebenzisa ubujamo be /bo • bobungako / bevolumu yesimedo esingakahleleki, isibonelo, uGogo usebenzisa amakopi amabili webisi ukwenza ipudinghi. Nakayibuyelela kabili iresibhi yakhe, uzakutlhoga ibisi elingangani? • Amalitha • amamililitha Yelela irherho lenomboro elifaneleko leThemu, nemihlobo yeenkinga ezihlukahlukeneko ezifaneleko zeThemu. 4.5 Ipherimitha Ipherimitha Ukumeda izinto mazombe nofana ukumeda ipherimitha kuyinto etjha Ipherimitha • Phenya/rhubhulula ibanga • Phenya ibanga eGreyidini yesi-3 ne-eriya elizombeleze amajamo we- elizombeleze amajamo Ipherimitha imedwa ngokungakahleleki kwaphela eGreyidini yesi-3 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 (2D) begodu nezinto ezi - (3D) we- (2D) begodu Nikela abafundi isikhathi esinengi sokuzijayeza ukusebenzisa iinquntu ngokusebenzisa intambo nezinto ezi - (3D) zentambo ukumeda buzombeleza izinto ezinengi ezihlukahlukeneko I-eriya ngokusebenzisa njengeenhloko, amabhodlelo (okufaka hlangan amabhodlelo amade aqaleka intambo amatsikana begodu namabhodlelo amafitjhani aqaleka abanzi) amabhlege, • Phenya/rhubhulula I –eriya ngokusebenzisa ukuthayela iimbhigiri, amabhoksi, njll. Vumela abafundi balinganise maqangi bonyana ngiziphi izinto abacabanga bonyana zinepherimitha ekudlwana bese uhlola ngokumerega ubude eentokaneni zeeentanjana begodu nokuzimadanise. Abafundi bangameda ipherimitha yamajamo wa- (2D) ngokusebenzisa isitokana sentambo. Abafundi bangameda amapherimitha ngokusebenzisa amayunuthi angakahleleki wokumeda okufana neemvalo zamabhodlelo, amabhoksi ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) womlilo, njll.
IGREYIDI YESI-3 ITHEMU YESI-3 5. UKUPHATHA IDATHA CAPS UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-3 namaminithi ama -24) 5.4 Buthelela begodu Buthelela begodu Kuphakanyisiwe bonyana eThemini yoku 1 abafundi benze ibha grafu yetlasi ,nokuthi 3 lessons Buthelela uhlele idatha uhlele idatha eThemini yesi- 2 bahlaziya amagrafu weenthombe namathebula obanikela wona. begodu • Buthelela idatha Buthelela idatha EThemini yesi-3 abafundi bangasebenza ngawowoke umzombe wedatha (Qala amanothi uhlele idatha ngetlasi nofana isikolo ngetlasi nofana isikolo weThemu yoku- 1) nofana bathome ngedatha ethulwe ngerhelo nofana ngamathali nofana ukuphendula imibuzo ukuphendula imibuzo ngethebula begodu babuye bahlele koke lokhu nge- bha grafu. ebuzwa ngutitjhere. ebuzwa ngutitjhere. Kulula khulu ebafundini ukugwala ama-bha grafu ngokusebenzisa amaphepha wesikotjhi. • Hlela idatha oyinikelwe Jamisela idatha Kuzakuthlogeka bonyana ukhumbuze abafundi ngamatshwayo aqakathekileko we- bha ngutitjhere nofana Jamisela idatha ngama grafu (Qala amanothi weThemu yoku-1). incwadi bha. Abafundi bafanele baphendule imibuzo obabuza yona ngama grafu; qala iThemu yoku- • Hlela idatha ngama: Hlaziya begodu 1 ukuthola imihlobo efaneleko yemibuzo -- Rhelo urhumutjhe idatha -- Thali Phendula imibuzo -- Thebula ngedatha ethulwe ngamabha 5.5 Jamisela idatha Jamisela Jamisela idatha nge: idatha • Grafu yeenthombve • Bha grafu 5.6 Hlaziya begodu Tsenga urhumutjhe idatha begodu Phendula imibuzo uhlathulule ngedatha ethulwe nge: idatha • Grafu yeenthombve • Bha grafu. 447 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
IGREYIDI YESI-3 ITHEMU YESI- 4 1. IINOMBORO , AMA-OPHARETJHINI NOBUDLELWANA 448 UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-4 namaminithi ama -24) 1.1 Ukubala izinto Ukubala izinto Ekupheleni kweThemu le, abafandi bafanele bonyana sele babone, bathinta, bebatjhidisa Ukubala eziphathekako eziphathekako izinto e-1000. Bafanele bonyana sele ‘banomuzwa wobunengi’ be-1000. Iqhinga Linganisa bewubale Linganisa bewubale lokubuthelelwa ngeenqhema lifanele ligqugquzelwe.Ekupheleni kweThemu bafanele izinto ngokuthembeka ngokuthembeka bakghone ukuphendula imihlobo yemibuzo elandelako neenlayelo: ukufika e-1000 izinto ukufika e-1000 izinto zangamalanga. zangamalanga. Amaqhinga Amaqhinga wokubuthelela wokubuthelela ayakhuthazwa. ayakhuthazwa. ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) Iinkulungwane Amakhulu Amatjhumi Imivo
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO CAPS : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-4 namaminithi ama -24) 1.1 Ukubala izinto Ukubala izinto Bala izinto zokubala ngeenqhema zangakuhlanu, namatjhumi. Babuyelele babuhlele begod Ukubala eziphathekako eziphathekako babubale godu. Usese nezinto zobukubala ezisalingana naleza ogade unazo? izinto Linganisa bewubale Linganisa bewubale • Nazi izinto zokubala ezima-200. Zibale ngokuzibuthelela ngeenqhema zangalitjhumi. ngokuthembeka ngokuthembeka Ukubala zoke izinto zokubala ezima-200, unganyula ukuzibala ngeenqhema zama-20 ukufika e-1000 izinto ukufika e-1000 izinto nofana -25? Kubayini? zangamalanga. zangamalanga. • Thatha isiqunto bonyana ngiyiphi indlela elula khulu ukubala ibuthelelo leempensela. Amaqhinga Amaqhinga • Nanzi izinto zokubala ezima-80. Nange sibala ngakubili nofana ngamatjhumi, ingabe wokubuthelela wokubuthelela isamba yezinto zokubala zisazokulingana nasekuthomeni? ayakhuthazwa. ayakhuthazwa. • Bala izinto zokubala ezi-46 ngokuzibuthelela ngeenqhema zangakubili. Kumasinya ukubala ngakubili kunokubala ngakhunye. 1.2 Ukubala uye phambili Ukubala uye phambili Ekupheleni kweThemu leli abafundi bafanele bakghone uku: Ukubala uye nemuva nga: nemuva nga: Babala ngokuzethemba, ngokukhuluma ngakhunye, ngalitjhumi, ngakuhlanu, ngakubili, phambili • Ku-1 kusuka kwenye • Ku-1 kusuka kwenye ngamatjhumi amabili, ngamatjhumi amabili nahlanu, amatjhumi amahlanu begodu nemuva nenye inomboro nenye inomboro nangamakhulu ukufika e-1000. hlangana ne-0 na- hlangana ne-0 na- Ukuphendula imbuzo efana na: 1000 1000 Ukubala ngamatjhumi ukusuka ema-400 ukuya -500. Manjesi bala ubuyele emuva godu. • Li-10 kusukela kwenye • Li-10 kusukela kwenye Ukubala nga-2 ukusuka 564 ukuya 580. Manjesi bala ubuyele emuva godu. nenye inomboro ebala nenye inomboro ebala Ukubala uye emuva ngamatjhumi ukusuka ema-200 ukuya -40, nga- li-10 ehlangana nga- li-10 ehlangana ne -0 na 1000 ne -0 na 1000 Ukubala ngamatjhumi amahlanu ukusuka e-600 ukuya 800. Amatjhumi amahlanu amangaki owabalileko? • Ku-5 kusukele kwenye • Ku-5 kusukele kwenye nenye inomboro ebala nenye inomboro ebala Ukubala uye emuva ngama-100 ukufika ema-620. Makhulu amangaki owabalileko? nga ku-5 ehlangana ne nga ku-5 ehlangana ne Ukubala uye emuva ngakhunye ukusuka e-876 ukuya e-866. Ubale abokunye abangaki? - 0 na 1000 - 0 na 1000 Ungaqinisekisa bunjani bonyana ulungile? • Ku-2 kusukela kwenye • Ku-2 kusukela kwenye Ukubala uye phambili amagadango a-15 nga-5 ukusuka e-305. Ukuphi njenga nje? nenye inomboro ebala nenye inomboro ebala Lokha ubala nga-25 ukusuka 525 ukuya 850 uzosebenzisa inomboro 725? Bala bewu hlole. nga- 2 ehlangana ne-0 nga- 2 ehlangana ne-0 Ngiyiphi inomboro elandelako? na 1000 na 1000 467, 468, 469, • Ku-3 kusukela kwenye • Ku-3 kusukela kwenye 725, 750, 775, nenye inomboro ebala nenye inomboro ebala 420, 440, 460 nga- 3 ehlangana ne - nga- 3 ehlangana ne - 820, 800, 780 0 na 1000 0 na 1000 Bala usebenzise inambalayini. • Ku-4 kusukela kwenye • Ku-4 kusukela kwenye nenye inomboro ebala nenye inomboro ebala Gwala inambambalayini enganalitho ukubonisa inomboro ezilandelako phezu kwayo: nga- 4 ehlangana ne - nga- 4 ehlangana ne - 602, 604, 610. Kwanjesi ungawabeka kuphi ama-606? Bala usebenzise inambalayini yakho 449 0 na 1000 0 na 1000 ukusuka ema-602 ukufika 610. • Ma- 20, 25, 50,100 • Ma- 20, 25, 50,100 Bala ngamatjhumi ukusuka e-314 ukuya e-344. Ngimaphi amadijithi atjhugulako? Ngimaphi okungenani ukufikela okungenani ukufikela amadijithi angatjhugulukiko? Kungani amakhulu angatjhuguluki? Nawubala ubuyela emuva, ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 e-1 000 e-1 000 khuyini okwenzekako?
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 450 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-4 namaminithi ama -24) 1.3 Ukubona nokufunda Ukubona nokufunda Ekupheleni kweThemu abafundi bafanele bakghone ukwenza okulandela: Amat- iinomboro iinomboro Ukufunda nokutlola iinomboro okungasenani e-1000 shwayo • Ukubona nokufunda • Ukubona nokufunda Ukuphendula imibuzo efana na: weenom- amatshwayo amatshwayo • Ngiyiphi inomboro esekaradeni leli? boro wenomboro kusukela wenomboro kusukela namagama ku- 0 ukufika e-1000 ku- 0 ukufika e-1000   642 weenom- • Ukutlola amatshwayo • Ukutlola amatshwayo boro weenomboro weenomboro • Thola ikarada elinenomboro 738 nofana amakhulu alikhomba namatjhumi amathathu ukusukela ku -0 ukusukela ku -0 nobunane ukufika e-1000 ukufika e-1000 Fundela phezulu iinomboro ezilandelako: 534, 947, 974, 345 • Ukubona nokufunda • Ukubona nokufunda Funda amagama lawa: amabizo wenomboro amabizo wenomboro kusuka e-0 ukufika kusuka e-0 ukufika • Amakhulu amathathu namatjhumi amane nambili e-1000 e-1000 • Amakhulu amane namtjhumi asithandathu nethoba • Ukutlola amabizo • Ukutlola amabizo • Ikulungwane wenomboro kusukela wenomboro kusukela • Amatjhumi amabili nethoba e- 0 ukufika e-1000 e- 0 ukufika e-1000 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 Tlola ngamatshwayo weenomboro • Amakhulu amahlanu namatjhumi alikhomba • Amakhulu amane • Amakhulu asithandathu namatjhumi abunane nahlanu ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO CAPS : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-4 namaminithi ama -24) 1.4 Ukumadanisa Ukumadanisa Ekupheleni kweThemu leli abafundi bafanele bakghone ukwenza okulandelako: Ukuhlathu- nokuhlela iinomboro nokuhlela iinomboro Ukuhlela iinomboro okungasenani kufika e-1000 lula, uku- kufika e- 999 kufika e- 999 Ukuphendula imibuzo ebuzwe ngeendlela ezihlukeneko: madanisa, • Ukuhlathulula • Ukuhlathulula Funda inambalayini. nokuhlela nokumadanisa nokumadanisa iinomboro iinomboro kufika e- iinomboro kufika e- 999 ngokusebenzisa 999 ngokusebenzisa ngokunengi khulu, ngokunengi khulu, Ama-450 avela kuphi? ngokuncani khulu, ngokuncani khulu, Ama-700 avela kuphi? okunengi kuna, okunengi kuna, Ama-350 avela kuphi? okuncani kuna, okuncani kuna, Kwanjesi zalisa zoke iinomboro. okulinganako. okulinganako. Tlola iinomboro kusukela kekhulu khulu ukuya kencani khulu. • Hlathulula bewuhlele • Hlathulula bewuhlele 345, 428, 389, 561, 600, 739, 620, 824 iinomboro kufika e- 999 iinomboro kufika e- 999 ezipheleleko. Kusukela ezipheleleko. Kusukela Madanisa iinomboro ukuya e-999 kencani khulu kufikela kencani khulu kufikela • Ngiyiphi inomboro enengi nga-1 kuna -563? kekulu khulu begodu kekulu khulu begodu • Ngiyiphi inomboro eza ngemuva kwa-768? kusukela kekulu khulu kusukela kekulu khulu • Ngiyiphi inomboro embadlwana nga-1 kuna-431 kuya kencani khulu kuya kencani khulu • Ngiyiphi inomboro enengi nge-10 kuna-620 Ukusebenzisa Ukusebenzisa • Ngiyiphi inomboro embadlwana nga-10 kuna-650 iinomboro eziodinali iinomboro eziodinali ukutjengisa ukutjengisa • Ngiyiphi inomboro enengi nga-20 kuna-480 ukuhlela,indawo nofana ukuhlela,indawo nofana • Ngiyiphi inomboro embadlwana nga-20 kuna-740 ubujamo ubujamo • Ngiyiphi inomboro enengi nga-25 kuna-625 • Ukusebenzisa, • Ukusebenzisa, • Ngiyiphi inomboro enengi nga-50 kuna-250 ukufunda nokutlola ukufunda nokutlola • Ngiyiphi inomboro embadlwana nga-50 kuna-700 iinomboro, ukufaka iinomboro, ukufaka • Ngiyiphi inomboro enengi nge-100 kuna-300 hlangana ibumbeko hlangana ibumbeko Phendula ngokuthi liqiniso nofana mamanga. Nikela izizathu zempendulo zakho elirhunyeziweko elirhunyeziweko ukufika ku 31 ukufika ku 31 Ama-220 useduzana nama- 200 kuna- 250 Ama-403 awasiseduze ema- 400 kuna- 420 i-15 liseduzana e- 0 kune -30 Zaliselela ngo-nengi kuna nofana no-mbadlwana kuna. I-145 li _________ 154 Ama-823 ma/a _________ 789 Ama-466 ma/a_________ 664A 451 Sebenzisa amadijithi 9, 0, 6 ukwenza inomboro ekulu kazi ongayikghona. Ngiyiphi inomboro encani khulu ongayenza? ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 452 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-4 namaminithi ama -24) 1.5 Thoma ukulemuka Thoma ukulemuka NgeThemu leli ukuhlanganiswa kwemiqondo elandelako kufanele aqinisekiswe Ubukhulu ubukhulu bedijithi ubukhulu bedijithi bewagqugquzelwe: bedijithi okungenani iinomboro okungenani iinomboro • Iinomboro zingaphulwa zibe makhulu, matjhumi nemivo zamadijithi ama-3 zamadijithi ama-3 • Ukuzwisisa bonyana ama-51 makhulu kune-15 ngombana ama-51 uphethe iinqhema/ ukufika ema-999 ukufika ema-999 iinyanda ezi-5 zamatjhumi bese i-15 linesiqhema/inyanda sinye/yinye setjhumi/yetjhumi. • Ukwazi bonyana idijithi • Ukwazi bonyana idijithi • Newubala ngamatjhumi, abafundi nebafika e-40 bayazi bonyana sebabale amatjhumi a-4. ngayinye ijameleni ngayinye ijameleni Ekupheleni kweThemu leli abafundi bafanele bakghone uku: • Ukuphula iinomboro • Ukuphula iinomboro zamadijithi amathathu zamadijithi amathathu Sebenzisa, ukufunda nokutlola ilimi leli lokusebenza ngobukhulu bedijithi ukufika e-999 ukufika e-999 nokulizwisisisa. ukuya ngamatjhumi ukuya ngamatjhumi Amayunithi nofana imivo, amatjhumi, amakhulu, idijithi, idijithi elilodwa, amadijithi amabili, nangakunye (KTV) nangakunye (KTV) amadijithi amathathu, ubukhulu bedijithi....... • Bona bewutjho • Bona bewutjho 60 ubukhulu bedijithi ubukhulu bedijithi 305 ngayinye ngayinye 720 Ukuphula inomboro ukubonisa ubukhulu belinye nelinye idijithi ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 637 = 600 + 30 + 7 Basebenzisa amakarada wabo wefladi ukutjengisa lokho   600   30   7   Basebenzisa amabhlogo weDienes ukutjengisa ubukhulu bedijithi yenomboro. Ukuphendula imibuzo efana na: Yitjho bonyana idijithi li-7 lijamele ini e-127? Bese u-2? No-1? Makhulu amangaki kenye nenye inomboro elandelako: 300, 500, 700, 412, 568 Ziinyanda ezingaki zangalitjhumi ezikhona kuleyo naleyo nomboro elandelako? 50, 80, 100, 200, 700, 120 Tlola iinomboro: Ikhulu linye nahlanu Amakhulu asithandathu namatjhumi amabili nahlanu Amakhulu amane amatjhumi abunane nethoba ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) Amakhulu amathathu nantathu
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO CAPS : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-4 namaminithi ama -24) 1.5 Thoma ukulemuka Thoma ukulemuka Tlola iinomboro: Ubukhulu ubukhulu bedijithi ubukhulu bedijithi Ikhulu elilodwa + namatjhumi -2 bedijithi okungenani iinomboro okungenani iinomboro zamadijithi ama-3 zamadijithi ama-3 Amakhulu amabili + amatjhumi -3 + imivo -7 ukufika ema-999 ukufika ema-999 Amakhulu amane + amatjhumi -9 + imivo -3 • Ukwazi bonyana idijithi • Ukwazi bonyana idijithi Hlathulula bonyana ngiyiphi inomboro efanele ingene kelinye nelinye ibhoksi ngayinye ijameleni ngayinye ijameleni 872 =  + 70 + 2 • Ukuphula iinomboro • Ukuphula iinomboro zamadijithi amathathu zamadijithi amathathu 129 = 100 +  + 20 + 9 ukufika e-999 ukufika e-999 346 = 300 + 40 +  ukuya ngamatjhumi ukuya ngamatjhumi Tlola phasi ubungakho nedijithi ngayinye e-762. nangakunye (KTV) nangakunye (KTV) • Bona bewutjho • Bona bewutjho ubukhulu bedijithi ubukhulu bedijithi ngayinye ngayinye UKURARULULA IMIRARO ESEBUJAMENI 453 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 454 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-4 namaminithi ama -24) 1.6 Sebenzisa amathekhiniki Abafundi balindeleke ukusombulula imiraro yamagama kusetjenziswa amathekhiniki Amathek- alandelako nawurarulula alandelako: hiniki wok- imiraro uhlathulule • Ukwakha nokuphula iinomboro urarulula neensombululo zemiraro: • Ukubuyelela nokuhafula phakathi imiraro • Ukwakha nokuphula • Amanambalayini iinomboro • Tjhideza ematjhumini • Ukubuyelela Qala amanothi aseThemini 2 emaqhingeni alandelako nokuhafula phakathi • Ukwakha nokuphula iinomboro • Amanambalayini • Ukubuyelela nokuhafula phakathi • Amanambalayini • Ukutjhideza etjhumini Ukutjhideza ematjhumini NgeThemu leli abafundi bangenza amathekhiniki wokutjhideza nabenza imiraro yamagama. Isibonelo: UNowa una-R48, 00. Ipakana yamakarada awabuthelelako abiza R5, 00. Angathenga iimpaka ezingaki zamakarada? Umfundi angatjhideza eduze kwetjhumi, okutjho bonyana yi R50, 00. Lokhu kutjho bonyana angathenga ‘cithe’ iimpakana ezi-10. Abafundi bazokusebenza ukubalisa bese basebenza ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 ipendulo yabo bayitjhideza ngokuzwakalako eduze kwenani. Vumela abafundi bakhethe ithekhniki abazigedla ngayo. Nanyana kunjalo nange abafundi basebenzisa amathekhiniki lawo angaba phumelelisiko badinga ukukhokhelwa ukukhetha amathekhiniki abaphumelelisako. Akutlhogeki bonyana abafundi batjhelele emathekhniki lawo. Bazokukghona ukuwasebenzisa godu eZingeni Eliphakathi. ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO CAPS : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-4 namaminithi ama -24) 1.7 Rarulula iimbalo Rarulula iimbalo Ekupheleni kweThemu abafundi bafanele bakghone ukwenza imihlobo Ukuh- zamagama zamagama ehlukahlukeneko yemihlobo yemiraro elandelako. langanisa, ezisebujameni ezisebujameni Ukuhlanganisa nokukhupha bewuhlathulule bewuhlathulule nokukhupha Kunemihlobo okungenani emithathu esisekelo yokuhlanganisa nokukhupha omunye iinsombululo zakho iinsombululo zakho nomunye umhlobo ungabuzwa ngendlela ehlukileko. zemiraro, ukufaka zemiraro, ukufaka hlangana ukuhlanganisa hlangana ukuhlanganisa Imihlobo esisekelo yi: nokukhupha nokukhupha Itjhentjhi okuneempendulo ukufiika okuneempendulo ukufiika UNoluthando ubuthelele 234 yamastikha .USilo umnikela ezinye ezi- 80 ngaphezulu. Sele ku-999. ku-999. amastikha amangaki nasele awoke? Kunabakhweli abama-500 ngesitimeleni. Abakhweli aba-176 bayehla. Kusele abakhweli abangaki ngesitimeleni? Ukuhlanganisiweko UNosisi ubuthelelela iphrojekthi yesikolo izinto ezisetjenzisiwe zabuye zasetjenziswe godu. Ubuthelele 124 yamabhodlela weplastiki, namabhlege a-268. Ubuthelele izinto ezingaki nasele zizoke? Esitolo kuneempakana zamatjhipsi ezima 368, ezi-82 zimatjhiposi, aseleko maziksnacks. Zimpakana ezingaki zamaziksnak ezilapho? Ukumadanisa AmaGreyidi 2 abuthelela R446. IGreyidi 3 ibuthelele R729. Yimali enengi kangangani ebuthelelwe yiGreyidi 3? Ukubuza omunye nomunye umraro ngendlela ehlukileko: Imiraro ifanele ibuzwe ngeendlela ezihlukeneko. Isibonelo, yombili imiraro le ngefuna itjhenthi kodwana “okungaziwako” kusendaweni ezihlukeneko emirarweni Esitolo kuneempakana zepuphu, ezinye ezi-55 za-odwa ngaphezulu, manjesi sekuneempakana zepuphu ezi-170. Bekuneempakana ezingaki ekuthomeni? Esitolo kuneempakana ezi-500 zetjhukela, ngemuva kokuthengisa ezinye iimpakana, basala neempakana ezi-324, bathengise iimpakana ezingaki? 455 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 456 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-4 namaminithi ama -24) 1.8 Rarulula iimbalo Iimbonelo zemiraro ezingenziwa ngeThemu le Ukuh- zamagama Ukuhlanganisa kokubuyelela langanisa ezisebujameni Iinkoloyi ezi-36 zinamavili amangaki? okubuyele- bewuhlathulule iinsombululo zakho Isilinganiso lweko kurholela zemiraro ngo UThami wonga 35c ngeveke, Wonga imalini ngemveke ezi-8? ekubuy- kubuyabuyelela AmaGridi abuyeleleni okuneempendulo ukufika Umnumzana Khumalo utjala amareyi ama-20 wemithi yama lamula. Kunemithi eyi-12 e-99. ereyini ngalinye. Kunemithi emingaki nasele awoke? Ubujamo bemiraro enobudlelwana obuhlukahlukeneko beeMbalo UHeila uthengisa amahotdogo nge R4 ngayinye. Yenza ithebula ukumlekelela ukuthola inani le-oda ekulu. Inani lamahotdogo 1 2 3 4 5 10 20 Imali ngama R 4 8 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 Sebenzisa ithebula ukuthola inani lama hotdogo alikhomba namahotdogo ama-23. USello uthlogomela abentwana. Ubhadelisa R20 imali yokukhamba, abhadelise R5 imali yokuhlala nabantwana. Qedelela ithebula. 1.9 Rarulula iimbalo Iimbonelo zemiraro ezingenziwa ngeThemu leli Ukubuthele- zamagama Ukubuthelela ngeeqhema la nok- ezisebujameni Ukubuthelela, ukulahla isalela wabelana bewuhlathulule iinsombululo zakho Umbhagi uthengisa amakuke ngomgodla ona 12. Banamakuke ali-118. Migodla emingaki okurholela ufake ukwabelana yamakuke a 12 ngamunye abangawenza? ekuhlu- kaniseni ngokulingana Ukubuthelela, okufaka isalela ependulweni nokubuthelela Umlimi unamaqanda ama-227. Udinga amabhokhsi amangaki azokufaka amaqanda a-6 kwenomboro ngebhokhsini ngalinye? ezipheleleko ukufika Ukwabelana e-100 begodu nangempendulo Ukwebelana , ukulahla isalela ezingafaka hlangana Abangani abahlanu babelana amaswidi ama-84 ukuze boke bathole inani elillinganako okuseleko/ isalela lamaswidi. Umngani ngamunye uzokuthola amaswidi amangaki? ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO CAPS : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-4 namaminithi ama -24) 1.10 Rarulula begodu Iimbonelo zemiraro ezingenziwa ngeThemu leli Ukwabelana uhlathulule Ukwabelana okurholela emafraktjhinini. okurholela iinsombululo zemiraro Yaba iintina zetjhokolethi ezi-15 wabele abangani aba-6 wenze boke bathole emafrak- ephathekako efaka ngokulinganako ukuze boke bathole inani elilinganako leentina zetjhokolethi bekungabi tjhinini hlangana ukwabelana nesalela. ngokulingana ezirholela eensombululweni ezifaka Yaba iintina zetjhokolethi ezi-7 wabele abangani aba-3 wenze boke bathole ngokulinganako hlangana amafraktjhini ukuze boke bathole inani elilinganako leentina zetjhokolethi bekungabi nesalela. wohlavu olulodwa isib. Ifraktjhini yebuthelelo nalawo angenahlavu Ugogo unikela uKiki R12, uKiki ufuna ukonga okuthathu kwemali ufanele onge malini 1 1 3 2 olulodwa , 2 , 4 , 4 , 5 yemali anayo? Umhlobo lo womraro ufanele ubuzwe ngemuva kobana basombulule imiraro emine nofana emihlanu yokwabelana okurholela emafraktjhinini abe azi amagama weengcezu zamafraktjhini. Ukubeka amafraktjhini ndawonye Umbanduli webhodla lezandla unikela umdlali ngamunye ingcenye yelamune. Kunabadlali aba-14. Udinga amalamune amangaki? Umhlobo lo womraro ufanele ubuzwe ngemuva kobana basombulule imiraro emine nofana emihlanu yokwabelana okurholela emafraktjhinini abe azi amagama weengcezu zamafraktjhini Ukutlola amafraktjhini Abafundi abakalindelwa bonyana batlole amatshwayo wamafraktjhini. Abafundi bafundile bonyana bangawalebula bunjani amafraktjhini njengo 1 esihlanwini, 3 yamakota nofana 3 kokusithandathu. Lokhu kubasiza okukuthoma ngokuzwisisa bonyana amagama wamafraktjhini ahlathulula bonyana kuneengcezu ezingaki ezilinganako zokupheleleko ezihlukanisiweko ukwenza. Isibonelo isiquntu, kokuthathu, amakota njll. Begodu ziingcezu ezingaki eziqalekako, isib. 2 kokuthathu. Ukujamiselela amafraktjhini wemiraro yamagama. Abafundi bafanele bagwale iimpendulo ubonisa bonyana bayazwisisa umraro. Lindela bonyana abanye babafundi bangagwala ifraktjhini ngendlela okungiyo kodwana banganikeli igama ekungilo. Lekelela abafundi bonyana batjho ifraktjhini ngendlela okungiyo (Qala amanothi ahlobana nokubizwa kwamafraktjhini angaphasi kobujamo obutjhaphulukileko) Abafundi bafanele batjho iingcezu ezabiweko ngokuzitlola njenge 2 yokwesithathu. 457 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 458 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-4 namaminithi ama -24) 1.11 Khumbula bewufanise Iimbonelo zemiraro ezingenziwa ngeThemu leli Imali imali yeSewula Afrika • Ubungako bemali nokwenza inani, Isibonelo eziinhlavu -- Tlola 325c ngamaranda namasende. kunye nemali -- Ziindlela ezingaki ezihlukileko ongazenza nga R400 usebenzisa imali yamaphepha yamaphepha kwaphela? Wazi bunjani bonyana inazo zoke iinsombululo? Sombulula imiraro -- UTravis une 50c neenhlamvu ezine za-20c. Amathofi abiza R1, 20. Uzokuthola itjhentjhi efaka hlangana yemalini? amanani wemali • UMandla ubhadela R5, 50 ukukhamba ngetekhsi ukuya esikoleni. netjhentjii yamaranda -- Kumbiza malini ukuya nokubuya esikoleni ngamalanga? neyamasende Imiraro yokuthenga nokuthengisa Tjhugulula hlangana • Ugogo ka Pedro umnikele iR5. Ngimaphi amaswidi a-3 angawathenga? Itjhoku tjhakile namaranda namasende Ibiza R2,70; amatjhapisi abiza R1,80; umzoka osiri R1,40; amaswidi weperegisi R1,60; amaminthi R2,20; ithofi libiza R1,20. • UDamon wathenga iincwadi ezintathu nge R80 incwadi ngayinye. Yimalini itjhentjhi azoyithola nange aphethe R300? • Amaphakethe wamaminti ayi-5 abiza 44c ngalinye. Umnumzana King udinga 88 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 yamaminti. Kufanele athenge amaphakethe okufanele amathenge? Uzokubhadela imalini? UKUBALA OKUSEBUJAMEN 1.12 Sebenzisa amathekhiniki Qala amanothi weThemu yesi-3. Amathekh- alandelayo nawubalako iniki • Ukwakha bewuphadhle (iindlela iinomboro namkha • Ukubuyelela amaqhinga) nokuhafula phakathi • Amanambalayini ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) • Ukutjhideza etjhumini
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO CAPS : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-4 namaminithi ama -24) 1.13 • Hlanganisa ukufika NgeThemu leli abafundi baragela phambili ngokuphula iinomboro ukuze babale. Ukuh- e-999 Iindlela ezingakghonakala ukutjengisa ukubala kokuhlanganisa nokukhupha. langanisa • Khupha ukufika e- 999 Ukuphula iinomboro zibe ziingcenye ezincani ukwenza ukubala kube lula. nokukhupha • Sebenzisa Ukusebenzisa ilwazi lobukhulu bedijithi ngokuphula ngamakhulu, ngamatjhumi amatshwayo afaneleko nemivo ( +, -, =, ) • Ukuhlanganisa ngokuphula iinomboro zombili • Ukuphrakhthisa Ukuhlanganisa iinomboro zamadijithi amathathu nezamadijithi amabili ngokuphula ukulumbana iinomboro zombili kwenomboro ukufika e-30 524 + 82 =  = (500 + 20 + 4) + (80 + 2) = 500 + (20 + 80+ (4 + 2) = (500 + 100) + 6 = 600 + 6 = 606 Ukuhlanganisa iinomboro zamadijithi amathathu nezinye zamadijithi amathathu 323 + 436 =  323 + 436 = (300 + 20 + 3) + (400 + 30 + 6) = (300 + 400) + (20 + 30) + (3 + 6) = 700 + 50 + 9 = 759 • Ukuhlanganisa ( ngokuphula iinomboro ezizohlanganiswa) Abafundi bazophula iinomboro ngendlela ezingaphathekako. Lokhu kutjho bonyana bazo kwenza ngeendlela ezihlukeneko. 524 + 82 =  524 + (40 + 40 + 2) 524 + 40 → 564 + 40 → 604 + 2 = 606 Ukuhlanganisa iinomboro zamadijithi amathathu nezamadijithi amathathu 323 + 436 =  = 323 + (400 + 20 + 6) = (323 + 400) + 20 + 6 = (723 + 20) + 6 = 743 + 6 459 = 749 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 460 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-4 namaminithi ama -24) 1.13 • Hlanganisa ukufika • Ukukhupha ngokuphula iinomboro zombili Ukuh- e-999 Ukukhupha inomboro enamadijithi amathathu kenamadijithi amathathu langanisa • Khupha ukufika e- 999 889 – 137 =  nokukhupha • Sebenzisa 889 – 137 = (800 + 80 + 9) – (100 + 30 + 7) amatshwayo afaneleko = (800 – 100) + (80 – 30) + (9 – 7) ( +, -, =, ) = 700 + 50 + 2 • Ukuphrakhthisa = 752 ukulumbana kwenomboro ukufika • Ukukhupha ngokuphula inomboro yinye e-30 Ukukhupha inomboro enamadijithi amathathu kenamadijithi amathathu 889 – 137 =  889 – (100 + 30 + 7) 889 – 100 → 789 – 30 → 759 – 7 = 752 Ukusebenzisa ukuqunta/ukuhafula phakathi ukuphula inomboro 525 + 16 = 525 + 8 + 8 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 = (525 + 8) + 8 = 533 + 8 = 541 • Ukubala uye phambili nokuya emuva 805 = 798 =  Ukubala ngakunye kusuka ema 798 kuliqhinga elifaneleko ngombana iinomboro ziseduze enye kenye • Ukubona ukubuyelela kabili okuseduze 245 + 246 Omunye umuntu angatjho bonyana isibalo esingehla sibuyelela kabili ama-245 + 1 nofana 246 - 1 245 + 245 + 1 = (200 + 40 + 5) + (200 + 40 + 5) + 1 = (200 + 200) + (40 + 40) + (5 + 5) + 1 = 400 + 80 + 10 + 1 ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) = 400 + (80 + 10) + 1 = 400 + 90 + 1 = 491
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO CAPS : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-4 namaminithi ama -24) 1.13 • Hlanganisa ukufika Ukuthuthukisa nokuzijayeza amakghono wokuhlanganisa nokukhupha Ukuh- e-999 Abafundi bafanele bazijayeze imihlobo ethize yamakghono wokuhlanganisa nokukhupha langanisa • Khupha ukufika e- 999 Ukubala uye phezulu nofana uye phasi ngokuseduze netjhumi nokukhupha • Sebenzisa 588 + 9 amatshwayo afaneleko 588 + 10 = 598 ( +, -, =, ) 598 - 1 = 597 • Ukuphrakhthisa ukulumbana 588 + 19 kwenomboro ukufika 588 + 20 = 608 e-30 608 – 1 = 607 Abafundi banamathuba wokwenza imihlobo elandelako yokubala ngeenomboro ukufika e-800: Ukuhlanganisa nokukhupha okukhamba ngakubili kwembuyeleli ze-10 ngaphandle kokweqela e-100. 40 + 70 70 + 80 120 – 30 150 – 60 Ukuhlanganisa nokukhupha -10 ukuya nofana kusuka kunanoma kuyiphi inomboro ezinamadijithi amabili nofana amathathu efaka hlangana ukweqela e-100. Isibonelo: 65 + 10 124 + 10 326 – 10 358 - 10 Ukuhlanganisa nokukhupha inomboro yedijithi elilodwa ukuya nofana kusuka enomborweni yamadijithi amathathu ngaphandle kokweqela e-10. Isibonelo: 634 +5 775 +  = 779 768 – 4 461 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 462 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-4 namaminithi ama -24) 1.13 • Hlanganisa ukufika Ukuhlanganisa inomboro yedijithi elilodwa ukuya nofana kusuka esibuyelelweni se-100. Ukuh- e-999 Isibonelo: langanisa • Khupha ukufika e- 999 600 + 4 nokukhupha • Sebenzisa 500 + 3 amatshwayo afaneleko 700 - 6 ( +, -, =, ) 800 - 5 • Ukuphrakhthisa ukulumbana Ukuhlanganisa nokukhupha okukhamba ngakubili kwembuyeleli ze-100 kwenomboro ukufika 100 + 100 e-30 100 + 200 200 + 200 300 + 400 Abafundi kufanele banikelwe amathuba wokuzijayeza amaphetheni wokuhlanganisa nokukhupa. Lokha nangazi bonyana u 1+ 1 = 2 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 Kwanjesi khuyini i: 10 + 10 100 + 100 Ukuthoma ukuhlanganisa nokukhupha okukhamba ngakubili kusuka kunoma ngiyiphi inomboro enamadijithi amathathu. Isibonelo: 675 + 100 762 - 100 Ukuzwisisisa ukuhlanganisa ekupheleni konyaka Ekupheleni konyaka abafundi bafanele bakghone uku: Ukusebenzisa nokuzwisisa ilimi lokuhlanganisa: Okunengi, hlanganisa, isamba, inani, sekuhlangene, itshwayo lokulingana.....bekufundwe kutlolwe itshwayo lokuhlanganisa (+) netshwayo lokulingana (=) Ragela phambili nokuthuthukisa ukuzwisisa kokuhlanganisa kobala uye phambili bakhambe magega nenambalayini Isibonelo, ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) Phendula imibuzo. Ngithloga ini ukuhlanganisa ku- 67 ukwenza- 85? Lo mumutjho wenomboro wombuzo wami: 67 +  = 85.
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO CAPS : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-4 namaminithi ama -24) 1.13 • Hlanganisa ukufika Phendula imihlobo yemibuzo elandelako: Ukuh- e-999 • ukuhlanganisa ndawonye a-43 ne-19 langanisa • Khupha ukufika e- 999 • ngezelela itjhumi e-167 nokukhupha • Sebenzisa • 51 hlanganisa na-83 amatshwayo afaneleko • Hlanganisa amatjyumi ali-70 na-50 ( +, -, =, ) • 280 = 120 + 80 +  • Ukuphrakhthisa ukulumbana • Ngiyiphi inomboro edlula a-160 nga-30 kwenomboro ukufika • Thola isamba se-156 ne-14 e-30 • Hlanganisa itjhumi nambili ekhulwini namatjhumi alikhomba nahlanu • Ngiyiphi inomboro edlula a-483 ngetjhumi? • Ngiyiphi inomboro ongayihlanganisa na-45 ukwenza i-178? • Ngiyiphi inomboro ongayihlanganisa na-25 ukwenza a-178? • Ngiyiphi inomboro ekufanele ngiyihlanganise na-56 ukwenza a-170? • Amakhulu amathathu uhlanganise namatjhumi amane uhlanganise nemivo emi-3 • Amatjhumi a-12 uhlanganise nemivo -8 • 245 + 10 =  245 + 20 =  245 + 30 =  Yazi bonyana  ijamele inomboro engaziwako. 45 + 81 =  67 +  = 125 47 + 32 + 8 =  31 +  + 20 = 160  + r = 100  + r = 120  + r = 450 Ukuzwisisa nokusebenzisa ilwazi lokobana ukuhlanganisa bungenziwa nanyana ngaliphi ihlelo: 463 178 + 12 = 190 ngakhoke 12 + 178 = 190 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 464 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-4 namaminithi ama -24) 1.13 • Hlanganisa ukufika Ukuzwisisa ukukhupha ekupheleni konyaka Ukuh- e-999 Sebenzisa bewuzwisise ilimi lokukhupha: langanisa • Khupha ukufika e- 999 Khupha, khupha, kusele mangaki, yincani kangangani............kune......, umehluko hlangana, nokukhupha • Sebenzisa yikulu kangangani ......kune......, kufuneka okungangani okunengi ukwenza ......begodu amatshwayo afaneleko ufunde utlole itshwayo lokukhupha (-) ( +, -, =, ) Ragela phambili ukuthuthukisa ukuzwisisisa kokukhupha njenge: • Ukuphrakhthisa • Ukukhupha ukulumbana • Ukuthola umehluko hlangana kwenomboro ukufika Ukuzwisisa bonyana nawukhupha ilize kutjhiya inomboro ingakatjhintjhi: e-30 192 – 0 = 192 192 = 192 – 0 Ukuphendula imibuzo etloliweko ebuzwe ngeendlela ezitloliweko okufana nokuthi: • 37 khupha 13 • Khupha 40 ema-80 • 162 khupha 42 • Khupha 45 e-390 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 • Ngimuphi umehluko okhona hlangana na-738 ne-157? • Lincani kangangani i-117 kuna-449 • Ngiyiphi inomboro ongayikhupha -56 ukuthola -122? • Ngiyiphi inomboro ongayikhupha -56 ukuthola – 132? • Ngiyiphi inomboro ongayikhupha -56 ukuthola – 142? • Thola okukhamba ngabubili okunomehluko we-10 • Kunempensela e-45 ngelayini katitjhere. Ubanikela iimpensela e-17. Kusele ezingaki? Thola iinomboro ezikhamba ngambili ezinomehluko wama-20. Yazi bonyana  ijamele inomboro engaziwa. 557 – 134 =  800 – 530 =  762 -  = 448 598 – 42 =  687 -  = 375 13 – 6 = 15 -  ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)  - 18 = 24 174 – 14 =  199 -  = 25
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO CAPS : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-4 namaminithi ama -24) 1.13 • Hlanganisa ukufika Ukuthoma ukuzwisisa bonyana: Ukuh- e-999 125 – 10 kuhlukile ku 10 - 125 langanisa • Khupha ukufika e- 999 Ukuzwisisa ubudlelwana obuphakathi kokuhlanganisa nokukhupha. nokukhupha • Sebenzisa Yitjho bewutlole ukukhambelana okuliqiniso kokukhupha ekuhlanganiseni okulliqiniso amatshwayo afaneleko okunikelweko begodu bahlanekezele. ( +, -, =, ) isibonelo: • Ukuphrakhthisa 25 + 68 = 93 kutjho bonyana 93 – 68 = 25 ukulumbana kwenomboro ukufika 68 + 25 = 93 kutjho bonyana 93 – 25 = 68 e-30 122 – 104 = 18 kutjho bonyana 18 + 104 = 122 Ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ama-apharathasi phendula okulandelako: Nangabe uyazi bonyana 145 + 120 = 265 Uyini u : 120 + 145 265 – 120 265 – 145 Nangabe uyazi bonyana 154 – 38 = 116 Uyini u : 154 – 116 116 + 38 38 + 116 Tlola bewuphendule okulandelako: 64 – 37 =  ngakho ke 37 +  = 64 137 – 17 =  ngakho ke  + r = 137 200 - 100 =  ngakho ke  + 100 = 200 89 – 38 = 51 ; 51 ngumehluko ngombanyana  + r = 89 Tlola inomboro mitjho emine usebenzise iinomboro lezi160, 35, 125 Ukuhlola imiphumela yokubala Ukwahlulela iinsombuluko ngokuzwisiseka Abafundi kufanele babandulwe ukwahlulela iinsombululo ngokuzwakalako. Enye yeendlela yokwenza lokhu ukulinganisa iimpendulo ngaphambi kokubala. Lokha 465 uhlanganisa iinomboro ezimbili eziseduze kwenye nenye, isib. 45 na 46, abafundi bangasebenzisa ukubuyelela kabili njengendlela yokulinganisa iimpendulo zabo. ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 466 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-4 namaminithi ama -24) 1.13 • Hlanganisa ukufika Ukuhlola imiphumela Ukuh- e-999 Abafundi kufanele bazi bonyana bangakghona uku: langanisa • Khupha ukufika e- 999 Hlola isibalo sokuhlangania ngokukhupha.Isibonelo: If 36 + 18 = 54; then 54 – 18 = 36 nokukhupha • Sebenzisa Hlola isibalo sokukhupha ngokuhlanganisa. Isibonelo 84 – 48 = 36, then 36 + 48 = 84 amatshwayo afaneleko Ukusebenzisa itshwayo eliphekgukayo ukuhlola iinsombululo ngenye yesizathu sokufundisa ( +, -, =, ) ukuhlanganisa nokukhupha ndawonye • Ukuphrakhthisa ukulumbana kwenomboro ukufika e-30 1.14 • Buyabuyelela NgeThemu le abafundi baragela phambili ngoku: Ukuh- iinomboro kusuka ku-1 • Sebenzisa bewuzwisise ilimi lokubuyabuyelela; langanisa kufika e-10 ngo 1, 2, 3, • Jamiselela ukubuyabuyelela njengerhemiso; okubuyele- 4, 5, 10 • Sebenzisa amatshwayo alungileko ukuhlathulula imitjho yenomboro; lweko • Sebenzisa kurholela amatshwayo afaneleko • Ukuzwisisa bonyana ukuhlanganisa okubuyelelweko kungajamiselwa ngokusebenzisa ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 ekubuy- (x, =, ) itshwayo lokubuyabuyelela; abuyeleleni • Ukuzijayeza nokuzwisisia bonyana ukubuyabuyelela kungenziwa nanoma ngiyiphi indlela (umthetho wecommutative nofana weprophathi); • Sebenzisa inambalayini ukutjengisa iimbalo zokubuyabuyelela begodu bakghone ukuhlathuthula ukujanyelwa (iimeqo ebonisa ukuhlanganisa okubuyelelweko); • Bavuma ithebula lokubuyabuyelela Ekupheleni kweThemu leli abafundi bafanele bakghone uku: Ukusebenzisa ilimi lokubuyabuyelela ebujameni obuphathekako: Kabili, buyabuyelela, buyabuyelela nga, isibuyabuyelelo sika, okunengi kwa, iinqhema za, ukubuyabuyelela (ubukhulu, ubude, ububanzi....) kabili, buyelela kathathu ngobunengi obungange, bafunde batlole itshwayo lokubuyabuyelela (x) Sebenzisa ilimi leli ukwenza ukubala kokubuyabuyelela ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO CAPS : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-4 namaminithi ama -24) 1.14 • Buyabuyelela Ukuzwisisa ukubuyabuyelela njengokuhlanganisa okubuyelelweko Ukuh- iinomboro kusuka ku-1 6 bahlanganiswe ndawonye ka-3 kulingana na: langanisa kufika e-10 ngo 1, 2, 3, 6 + 6 + 6 = 18 okubuyele- 4, 5, 10 3 kanengi kwe 6 = 18 lweko • Sebenzisa kurholela amatshwayo afaneleko 3 buyabuyelela 6 = 18 ekubuy- (x, =, ) 6 x 3 = 18 abuyeleleni 3 x 6 = 18 3 maal 6 = 18 6 x 3 = 18 3 x 6 = 18 Thoma ukukhumbula bonyana ukubuyabuyelela kungenziwa nanoma ngiyiphi indlela. Ukuphendula imibuzo ebuzwe ngeendlela ezihlukeneko: Abokuhlanu ababili Ukubuyelela kabili i- 5 3 buyelela 5 Izinto zokubala ezintathu ereyini ngalinye. Kunamareyi amane. Kunezinto zokubala ezingangani sezizoke? 2 ubuyabuyelelwa nga-7 16 buyelela ka 2 Understanding the commutative law of multiplication 3 x 4 = 12 ilingana na 4 x 3 = 12 Ukubona ukusebenziswa kwesibambelindawo  ukujamela inomboro engaziwako 2+2+2= 2x=6 5 + 5 +5 + 5 + 5 ngakhoke 5 x r = 25 4 + 4 + 4 ngakhoke 4 x 3 =  10 + 10 + 10 + 10 + 10 ngakhoke 10 x  = 50 5 x £ =  x 5 = 45 467 4x8=x4 8 + 8 + 8 = abobunane-3 = 8 x  = 24 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 468 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-4 namaminithi ama -24) 1.14 • Buyabuyelela Ukuzwisisa ubudlelwano hlangana nokubuyelela nokubuyabuyelela kabili Ukuh- iinomboro kusuka ku-1 Kopa ithebula elingezasi. Zalisa ireyi lokubuyelela nga-4 langanisa kufika e-10 ngo 1, 2, 3, okubuyele- 4, 5, 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 lweko • Sebenzisa 4s kurholela amatshwayo afaneleko 2s ekubuy- (x, =, ) abuyeleleni Ukusebenzisa imihlobo ehlukahlukeneko yemifanekiso yokubuyelela • Igridi yokubuyabuyelela • Itjhadi naneko • Amathebula ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-4 namaminithi CAPS ama -24) 1.15 • Hlukanisa iinomboro • Hlukanisa iinomboro Ngikuphi okuhlukileko kune Themu yesi-3? Ukuhlu- ukufika e-99 ngo 1, 2, ukufika e-99 ngo 1, 2, Ekupheleni kweThemu kufanele kuqinisekiswe bonyana abafundi bakghona: kanisa 3, 4, 5, 10 3, 4, 5, 10 • Ukuzwisisa bonyana ukuqunta phakathi liphekguko lokubuyelela kabili bebakhumbule • Sebenzisa • Sebenzisa ukubuyelelwa kabili kweziinomboro ukufika e-20; amatshwayo (÷, =, ) amatshwayo (÷, =, ) • Ukulemuka ukuhlukaniswa kabili njengebuthelelo; • Ukuzwisisa bebajabulele ubudlelwano hlangana kokubuyabuyelela nokuhlukanisa begodu ziyaphekgukelelana; • Ukusebenzisa iindlela zokutlolwa zokwenza nezingakahleleki ukwenza ukuhlukanisa iinomboro ezinamadijithi amabili ngenomboro yedijithi elilodwa; • Basebenzisa ilwazi labo lobukhulu baedijithi ukwenza ukubala kokubuyelela nokuhlukanisa. • Bahluthulule bonyana ngikuphi ukubala abakwenzileko nokuthi kubayini; • Bacocisana ngeempendulo zabo bebahlathulule ngokucanga kwabo; • Ukusebenzisa ilwazi lamatshwayo wenomboro nokuhlobana kwephekguko, okufaka hlangana ukubuyelela kabili nokuhlukanisa phakathi ukulinganisa nokuhlola. Amaqhinga wokurekhoda Kunamaqhinga athile wokurekhoda okufanele abafundi abangawasebenzise eGreyidini 3. Abafundi angeke batjhelele kuwo woke amaqhinga. Badinga ukukhokhelwa nakuqalwa emutjhweni wenomboro wokuhlukanisa bebathathe isiqunto seqhinga elifaneleko, kufanele kulindeleke bonyana abafundi angekhe basabambelela ekugwaleni iinthombe begodu bazokusebenzisa iinomboro ukuhlathulula ukucabanga kwabo. Ukukhupha okubuyelelweko Iqhinga leli lizokusetjenziswa nakusombululwa imiraro yamagama begodu abafundi badinga ukukhokhelwa ekuqaleni irherho leenomboro bebathate isiqunto sokubana ukubala kungenziwa ngokusebenzisa ukukhupha okubuyelelweko. 40 ÷ 8 =  40 – 8 → 32 – 8 → 24 – 8 → 16 – 8 → 8 – 8 = 0 Abafundi babala inomboro yeenkhathi abakhuphe u-8 ngaso ukuthola i-0 Ukuhlanganisa okubuyelelweko Abanye abafundi bangahle basebenzise iqhinga leli bazwisisa ubudlelwana obuphakathi bokubuyabuyelela nokuhlukanisa. Msinyana ngemuva kwalokho irherho lenomboro bazokukhetha bonyana iqhinga lifanele nofana awa. 40 ÷ 8 =  469 8 + 8 → 16 + 8 → 24+ 8 → 32 + 8 → 40 Abafundi babala inkhathi abahlanganise u-8 ukuthola ama-40. ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 470 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-4 namaminithi ama -24) 1.15 • Hlukanisa iinomboro • Hlukanisa iinomboro Ukusebenzisa ukubuyelela Ukuhlu- ukufika e-99 ngo 1, 2, ukufika e-99 ngo 1, 2, Abafundi bafanele bakghone bonyana “(ngazi ini ngokubuyabuyelela okungangisiza kanisa 3, 4, 5, 10 3, 4, 5, 10 bonyana ngibale ukuhlukanisa?)” • Sebenzisa • Sebenzisa Abafundi bakwazi ukkutlola phasi amaqiniso wokubuyabuyelela okusebhodini amatshwayo (÷, =, ) amatshwayo (÷, =, ) yesinamathelisi, ukubalekelela ukuhlukanisa. Ibhodi yomtlhala Ngiyazi: 10 x 3 = 30 Ngiyazi: 4 x 3 = 12 72 ÷ 3 =  10 x 3 = 30 10 x 3 = 30 30 + 30 = 60 72 – 60 = 12. 4 x 3 = 12 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 10 + 10 + 4 = 24 Ngakhoke 72 ÷ 3 = 24 Ihlelo elabiweko Ihlelo elabiwako lokuhlukanisa phezulu kokuhlanganisa okutjho bonyana inomboro ingaphulwa ibe ziingcezu ezibaleka lula: 39 ÷ 3 =  = (30 + 9) ÷ 3 = (30 ÷ 3) + (9 ÷ 3) = 10 + 3 = 13 ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-4 namaminithi CAPS ama -24) 1.15 • Hlukanisa iinomboro • Hlukanisa iinomboro Ukuphula iinomboro zibe mahafu: 60 ahletjhuliweko Ukuhlu- ukufika e-99 ngo 1, 2, ukufika e-99 ngo 1, 2, Lapha abafundi bathi kibo ngokwabo “Yini engikwaziko ngokuhlukanisa nge-5?” abafundi kanisa 3, 4, 5, 10 3, 4, 5, 10 bayazi bonyana a-30 ayahlukaniseka nga-5 ingatjhiyi isalela. • Sebenzisa • Sebenzisa 60 ÷ 5 =  amatshwayo (÷, =, ) amatshwayo (÷, =, ) 30 ÷ 5 = 6 30 ÷ 5 = 6 6 + 6 = 12 Ukusebenzisa ukuqunta phakathi ukuhlukanisa nga-4 Abafundi bebasenza ukubuyelela kabili nokuhafula phakathi iminyaka emithathu. Badinga ukusebenzisa amakghono lawo njengamaqhinga wokubala. Ilwazi lokubuyelela kabili nokuhafula phakathi lingasetjenziswa nakuhlukaniswako: 96 ÷ 4 =  96 ÷ 2 = 48 48 ÷ 2 = 24 Ekupheleni kweThemu leli abafundi bafanele ukukghona uku: Zwisisa, ukusebennzisa nokuthoma ukufunda: Umuntu ngamunye, kubili, omunye nomunye, yabelana, ihafu, hlukanisa nga-3, hlukanisa nga-4, hlukanisa nga-2, hlukaniswa nga-3, iinsalela, hlukanisa nga, iinqhema ezilinganako za, isalela. Funda, tlola bewusebenzise itshwayo lokuhlukanisa (÷) Ukusebenzisa ilimi lokubala ngokuhlukanisa Ukuzwisisa ukuhlukanisa njengokubuthelela nofana ukukhupha okubuyelelweko. Ukuphendula imibuzo ebuzwe ngeendlela ezihlukahlukaneko: Yaba 16 nga-2 Hlukanisa 20 nga-5 Bokuhlanu abangaki abenza ama-50? Zinhlamvu ezingaki ze-10c ezenza ama-50c? Bokuhlanu abangaki abenza ama-50? Bokune abangaki ema-20, e-28, e-36? Bokuhlanu abangaki ema-20, e-40, e-50, e-60? 471 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 472 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-4 namaminithi ama -24) 1.15 • Hlukanisa iinomboro • Hlukanisa iinomboro UAnnina uthi ufunda amagama amatjha ama-5 ngamalanga. Uthatha  amalanga ukufunda Ukuhlu- ukufika e-99 ngo 1, 2, ukufika e-99 ngo 1, 2, 40 yamagama. kanisa 3, 4, 5, 10 3, 4, 5, 10 Amatjhumi a-6 ÷ 3 =  amatjhumi • Sebenzisa • Sebenzisa Ukubona ukusetjenziswa kwamatshwayo afana na  weenomboro ezingaziwako. amatshwayo (÷, =, ) amatshwayo (÷, =, ) Qala izinto zokubala ezingenzasi bese uqedelele umtjho weenomboro                  kune  zeenqhema zanga- 3 15 – 3 – 3 -  -  -  = 0 15 ÷ 3 =  Qala umgwalo bese uqedelela umutjho:                       ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 Kuna £ znazizoke bekuna r yeenqhema- 3 zngalinye nelinye. ngakhoke: £ ÷ 3 =  Kuna £ znazizoke bekuna begodu kuneenqhema ezi-4 ezinamathosi-3 elinye nelinye. . ngakhoke : £ ÷ 4 =  Kopa bewuqedelele: 20 ÷ 2 =  20 ÷  = 10 20 ÷  = 2 21 ÷ 3 =  21 ÷  = 7 21 ÷ 7 =  Ukuzwisisa umthetho wokuhlukanisa ngo-1 ne-0 6 ÷1 =  8÷1= 12 ÷  = 12 6÷0= ÷4=0 1÷1= 0÷7= ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-4 namaminithi CAPS ama -24) 1.15 • Hlukanisa iinomboro • Hlukanisa iinomboro Sebenza, funda begodu bathoma ukutlola: Ukuhlu- ukufika e-99 ngo 1, 2, ukufika e-99 ngo 1, 2, Iinsalela.... kanisa 3, 4, 5, 10 3, 4, 5, 10 Bala iinsalela nawenza ukubala kokuhlukanisa: • Sebenzisa • Sebenzisa 12 ÷ 5 ngu 2 isalela ngu-2 amatshwayo (÷, =, ) amatshwayo (÷, =, ) 23 ÷ 7 ngu 3 isalela ngu-2 Ukuzwisisa ubudlelwana obuphakathi kokubuyelela nokuqunta phakathi Phendula imihlobo yemibuzo: Kopa ithebula elingenzasi. Zaliselela ngokubuyelela kwaka -4 ereyini. Ngiyiphi oyibonako? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 4s 2s Qunta iinomboro ezisereyini lesibuyabuyeleli -4 ukuthola iinomboro ezisereyini lesibuyabuyeleli -2. Ngiyiphi iphetheni oyibonako? Ukuzwisisa bonyanya ukuhkiukanisa kuliphekguka lesibuyabuyeleli Tjengisa imitjho yenomboro ngemigwalo 4 x 5 =  20 ÷ 5 =  12 x 4 =  48 ÷ 4 =  473 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO: AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA 474 IMINQOPHO YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu KONYAKA namaminithi YETHEMU YESI-4 ama -24) 1.16 Umnqopho wenomboro: Iimbonelo zemibuzo engabuzwa: Iimbalo irherho 999 Umqondo nomboro: zehloko • Hlela isethi enikelweko Ibizo lenomboro namatshwayo leenomboro ezikhethiweko Phakamisa ikarada nofana tlola phasi ibizo lenomboro. Khetha umfundi ukutlola inomboro • Madanisa iinomboro ema-999 bewutjho bonyana ngiyiphi emetjhako. enengi nofana encani nga-1, Okunengi nofana okumbadlwana 2, 3, 4, 5 ne-10 khuyini Ukukhumbula masinyana: okumbalwa nga-1 kuna 900 • Ukukhumbula amaphuzu okunengi nga-1 kuna 899 wokuhlanganisa nowokukhupha kufika e- 20 Okunengi nga-2 kuna 702 • Hlanganisa nofana ukhuphe Okuncani nga-2 kuna 405 imbuyeleli ze-10 kusuka e-0 Okunengi nga-3 kuna 477 kuya e-100 Okuncani nga-3 kuna 251 • Amaqiniso wokubuyabuyelela nokuhlukanisa: Okunengi nga-4 kuna 868 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 -- Ithebula lika-2 ukufika 2 x Okuncani nga-4 kuna 967 10 Okunengi nga-5 kuna 729 -- Ithebula le-10 ukufika 10 Okuncani nga-5 kuna 685 x 10 Okunengi nga10 kuna 490 Amaqhinga wokubala Okuncani nga-10 kuna 660 Ukusebenzisa amaqhinga wokubala ukuhlanganisa Ngiliphi iledere lesi-5 alfabethi? nokukhupha ngekghono Ngiyiphi inyanga ye-9 yonyaka? elifaneleko: Ukuhlela nokumadanisa • Beka inomboro ekulu maqangi ukuze ubale uye phambili Ngiyphi enokunengi: 621 nofana 671? nofana ubale uye emuva Nginikela inomboro ehlangana 154 ne 159. • Inambalayini. • Ukubuyelela kabili nokuhafulaphakathi • Ukwakha nokuphhula • Sebenzisa ubudlelwano phakathi kokuhlanganisa ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) nokukhupha • Sebenzisa ubudlelwano phakathi kokubuyabuyelela nokuhlukanisa
UBUDE IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO: AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA IMINQOPHO YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu KONYAKA CAPS namaminithi YETHEMU YESI-4 ama -24) 1.16 Umnqopho wenomboro: Amaphuzu aliqiniso ngokuhlanganisa nokukhupha: Iimbalo irherho 999 • Ukwazi ngenhliziyo koke ukuhlanganisa nokukhupha iinomboro zebhodi ukufika e-20 zehloko • Hlela isethi enikelweko  + r = 20 leenomboro ezikhethiweko • Madanisa iinomboro ema-999  + r = 16 bewutjho bonyana ngiyiphi 20 =  - r enengi nofana encani nga-1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ne-10 Amaphuzu aliqiniso ngokuhlanganisa nokukhupha kufika e 20. Ukukhumbula masinyana: 1 + 11 = 12 11 + 1 = 12 • Ukukhumbula amaphuzu 2 + 10 = 12 10 + 2 = 12 wokuhlanganisa 3 + 9 = 12 9 + 9 = 12 nowokukhupha kufika e- 20 18 – 4 = 14 18 – 14 = 4 • Hlanganisa nofana ukhuphe imbuyeleli ze-10 kusuka e-0 18 – 5 = 13 18 – 13 = 5 kuya e-100 18 – 6 = 12 18 – 12 = 6 • Amaqiniso wokubuyabuyelela Ukukhumbula ngokurhabako ukuhlanganisa ukubuyelela kabili ukufika 20. Lokhu akufake nokuhlukanisa: hlangana ukukhambelana -- Ithebula lika-2 ukufika 2 x kwamaphuzu aliqiniso wokukhupha 10 • 1+1=2 -- Ithebula le-10 ukufika 10 x 10 • 2+2=4 Amaqhinga wokubala • 3+3=6 Ukusebenzisa amaqhinga • 4+4=8 wokubala ukuhlanganisa • 5 + 5 = 10 nokukhupha ngekghono elifaneleko: • 6 + 6 = 12 • Beka inomboro ekulu maqangi • 7 + 7 = 14 ukuze ubale uye phambili • 8 + 8 = 16 nofana ubale uye emuva • 9 + 9 = 18 • Inambalayini. • 10 + 10 = 20 • Ukubuyelela kabili nokuhafulaphakathi Ngitjengisa inomboro okufanele uyihlanganise nalezi ezilandelako ukwenza a-20 (ngokutlola nofana kusetjenziswe ubukhulu bedijithi namkha amakarada wefladi) • Ukwakha nokuphhula 8 • Sebenzisa ubudlelwano phakathi kokuhlanganisa 2 nokukhupha 9 475 • Sebenzisa ubudlelwano 15 phakathi kokubuyabuyelela nokuhlukanisa 3 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO: AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA 476 IMINQOPHO YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu KONYAKA namaminithi YETHEMU YESI-4 ama -24) 1.16 Umnqopho wenomboro: Ngitjengise inomboro ezokusala nange u_________akhitjhwa e-20 (ngokutlola nofana Iimbalo irherho 999 kusetjenziswe ubukhulu bedijithi namkha amakarada wefladi) zehloko • Hlela isethi enikelweko • 5 leenomboro ezikhethiweko • 18 • Madanisa iinomboro ema-999 bewutjho bonyana ngiyiphi • 0 enengi nofana encani nga-1, • 14 2, 3, 4, 5 ne-10 • 7 Ukukhumbula masinyana: Amaqhinga wokubala: • Ukukhumbula amaphuzu Sebenzisa amaqhinga wokubala ukuhlanganisa nokukhupha ngokuphumelela. wokuhlanganisa nowokukhupha kufika e- 20 Hlanganisa iinomboro ezimbalwa ngokusebenzisa amaqhinga afana na: • Hlanganisa nofana ukhuphe • Qala iinomboro ezimbili lezo ezenza -10 begodu uzisebenzise kokuthoma imbuyeleli ze-10 kusuka e-0 2+7+8 kuya e-100 2 + 8 kwenza10 bese uhlanganisa 7. • Amaqiniso wokubuyabuyelela nokuhlukanisa: • Ukubeka inomboro ekulu phambili ukuze ubale uye phambili nofana ubalele emuva ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 -- Ithebula lika-2 ukufika 2 x 5 + 15 10 • Buya utjho umutjho wenomboro:15 + 5 nokubala uye phambili ukufika- 20 -- Ithebula le-10 ukufika 10 Tjhugulula inomboro ukuya e-10 bese ukhupha nofana uhlanganise oku-1 x 10 Isibonelo: Amaqhinga wokubala 8 + 9 = 17 bese uhlathulule bonyana omunye angenza 8 + 9 = 8 + 10 – 1 Ukusebenzisa amaqhinga wokubala ukuhlanganisa 6 + 11 = 17 bese uhlathulule bonyana omunye angenza 6 + 10 + 1 nokukhupha ngekghono 17 – 9 = 8 bese uhlathulule bonyana omunye angenza 17 – 10 + 1 elifaneleko: • Ukuphula inomboro ibe ziingcezu bese uyahlanganisa • Beka inomboro ekulu maqangi ukuze ubale uye phambili ukwakha nokuphula iinomboro: nofana ubale uye emuva isibonelo, sebenza ngehloko bese uhlathulule: • Inambalayini. ragela phambili nokuphula iinomboro zibe ‘ziingcezu ezincani khulu’ • Ukubuyelela kabili 8 + 12 nokuhafulaphakathi = 8 hlanganisa (10 + 2) • Ukwakha nokuphhula = 8 + 2 + 10 • Sebenzisa ubudlelwano phakathi kokuhlanganisa = 10 + 10 ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) nokukhupha =20 • Sebenzisa ubudlelwano phakathi kokubuyabuyelela nokuhlukanisa
UBUDE IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO: AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA IMINQOPHO YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu KONYAKA CAPS namaminithi YETHEMU YESI-4 ama -24) 1.16 Umnqopho wenomboro: • Sebenzisa ukubuyelela kabili njengeqhinga lokubala ngehloko Iimbalo irherho 999 Ukubona ukutjhideza eduze kokubuyelela kabili. zehloko • Hlela isethi enikelweko Isibonelo: leenomboro ezikhethiweko 8 + 7 = 15 hlathulula bonyana ukubuyelela kabili i- 7uhlanganise na-1 nofana ukubuyelela • Madanisa iinomboro ema-999 bewutjho bonyana ngiyiphi kabili u-8 ukhuphe- 1 enengi nofana encani nga-1, Ukubona bonyana nange iinomboro ezimbili zitjhidelene ngobukhulu enye kenye kulula 2, 3, 4, 5 ne-10 ukuthola umehluko ngokubala uye phezulu ingasi ukubala uye emuva. Ukukhumbula masinyana: 17- 13 = 4 bewuhlathulule bonyana ukubala uye phezulu kusuka- 13 ukuya-17 • Ukukhumbula amaphuzu kukunikela- 4 wokuhlanganisa nowokukhupha kufika e- 20 Ezinye iimbalo zehloko zingenziwa ngaphandle kokusenzisa ama-aapharathasi, nokho kanengi kkulisizo ukwenza imbalo zehloko ngama-aplharathasi. • Hlanganisa nofana ukhuphe imbuyeleli ze-10 kusuka e-0 Ama-apharathasi aphakanyisiweko kuya e-100 • Inambalayini (ehlelekileko begodu engenalitho) • Amaqiniso wokubuyabuyelela • Igridi yeenomboro nokuhlukanisa: • Amakarada wobukhulu bedijithi (amafladi karada) -- Ithebula lika-2 ukufika 2 x 10 • Imincamo yokubala -- Ithebula le-10 ukufika 10 x 10 Amaqhinga wokubala Ukusebenzisa amaqhinga wokubala ukuhlanganisa nokukhupha ngekghono elifaneleko: • Beka inomboro ekulu maqangi ukuze ubale uye phambili nofana ubale uye emuva • Inambalayini. • Ukubuyelela kabili nokuhafulaphakathi • Ukwakha nokuphhula • Sebenzisa ubudlelwano phakathi kokuhlanganisa nokukhupha 477 • Sebenzisa ubudlelwano phakathi kokubuyabuyelela nokuhlukanisa ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 478 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-4 namaminithi ama -24) 1.17 • Sebenzisa begodu Ekupheleni kweThemu leli abafundi bafanele bakghone uku: Amafrak- utjho amafraktjhini • Ukubona amafraktjhini wobujamo begodu baqinise ukuzwisisa bonyana iingcenye tjhini ajayelekileko afaka kufanele zibe bukhulu obulinganako; hlangana amahafu, • Ukwazi bonyana amakotara amane enza okuzeleko okupheleleko, begodu ikotara ikotara, kobunani, enye nenye ifanele ibe nobukhulu obulinganako; kobuthathu, • Thola amafraktjhini wesiqhema sezinto; kwesithandathu, kwesihlanu • Funda bewutlole amagama wamafraktjhini; • Bewuhlele, uhlathulule bewumadanise amafraktjhini. • Ukukhumbula amafraktjhini Ekupheleni kweThemu abafundi bazwisise amafraktjhini njenge ngcenye yukupheleleko asebujameni bebakghone ukuphendula imibuzo efanako bedayagremu •  zeenquntu = okupheleleko okukodwa • Ukuthoma •  yamakota = okupheleleko okukodwa ukukhumbula bonyana •  kwesithathu = okupheleleko okukodwa amahafu amabili •  zeenquntu = okupheleleko okukodwa nofana ubuthathu •  kwesihlanu = okupheleleko okukodwa obuthathu benza •  kwesithandathu = okupheleleko okukodwa ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 kunye okupheleleko, ingcenye yinye yehafu Ukuphendula imibuzo efana na: nenkota ezimbili Nange ubujamo buhlukaniswa bube ezimbili, sizibiza ziyalingana Nange ubujamo buhlukaniswa bube ziingcenye ezi-2 ezilinganako, sizibiza ___ • Tlola amafraktjhini Nange ubujamo buhlukaniswa bube ziingcenye ezi- 3 ezilinganako, sizibiza____ njenge, ingcenye Lokha ubujamo buhlukaniswe ngeengcenye ezilinganako______ sizibiza amakota. yinye yehafu, izingcezu Bakghona ukumadanisa ubukhulu bamafratjhini ezimbili zobuthathu   Ihafu -1 ikulu nofana incani kunamakota-3? Makota amangaki alingana noku-1 okupheleleko? Bobunane abangaki abalingana noku-1 okupheleleko? ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) Ngabe amakota amibili alingana nehafu yi-1na? Thola ifraktjhini yebuthelelo lezinto. Kunemincamo e-12, e-8 ngepinki ne-4 emhlophe. Yifraktjhini yiphi yomncaamo omhlophe?
IGREYIDI YESI-3 ITHEMU YESI- 4 2. AMAPHETHENI, AMAFANKTJHINI NE-ALJIBHRA CAPS UBUDE IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YESI-4 IMIHLAHLANDLELA YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA namaminithi ama -24) 2.1 Kopulula, ngezelela Amaphetheni asizungelezileko Abafundi bazakusebenza ngamaphetheni wokwemvelo, zesimanjemanje Amapheth- begodu uhlathulule Ukubona , ukuhlathulula ngamagama zobuphilo bangamalanga ngamafa wamasiko wethu kusukela eGreyidini eni weJi- Kopulula, ngezelela nokukopulula amaphetheni weJiyomethri yoku-1 ukuya eGreyidini 6. Lokhu kutjho bonyana akutlhogeki bona yomethri begodu uhlathulule uthathe isikhathi esinengi esihlokweni lesi. Kufanele godu ukhethe • eemvelweni ngawakho amagama imisebenzi namaphetheni afaneleko egreyidini ngayinye. • ebuphilweni bangamalanga • amaphetheni alula Omunye umhlobo wamaphetheni abafundi abangawuqala yisimethri, isib. banamhlanje enziwe ngezinto Amakari amanengi neenlwana ziyi simethril. Zinjalo neenunwana ezinengi • elifeni lamasiko wethu lokha uzibona kusukela ngaphezulu namaphetheni weenyoni ezinengi eziphathekako lokha uziqala kusukela ngaphasi. • amaphetheni alula enziwe ngokugwala EGreyidini 3 kunomqopho wokuthola umuda wesimethri ngokubhinca imida, ubujamo nofana iphepha nesitjengiso. Abafundi bangenza amaphetheni ngokusika ubujamo izinto emaphepheni abhinciweko. Lokhu kungafaka hlangana ukwenza amadoyili namaphepha wamasiko anamaphetheni ongawasika. Abafundi bangaqala Ukuzakhela begodu bakhulume ngamaphetheni emadoyilini akorotjhiweko neenthombe amaphetheni zamaphetheni ezisikwe zaba maphepha wamasiko anamaphetheni. Ukuzakhela amaphetheni Abafundi bangafuna amaphetheni godu e : weJiyomethri • emafensini( idrada, okwenziwe ngekhuni nofana vibra krete); • ngezinto eziphathekako • umsebenzki weentina nama thayela wefluru; • ngokugwala • imifulelo; imida,ubujamo nofana • amatjhila nomunye umateriyali; izinto • amapleyiti, iinkomitji neempiringi; Amaphetheni • amabholo webholo yeenyawo; asizungelezileko • iinlwana ezifana neenkomo, iviyaviyani lebusuku, idube, ijirafi, izingwe, Ukubona , ukuhlathulula iinyoni, iinunwana; ngamagama • amathuthumbo namakari; nokukopulula amaphetheni • iphepha lebodeni, okufaka hlangana amaphepha webodeni atloliweko weJiyomethri avamise ukutholakala emikhukhwini neendaweni lapho abantu bakhe khona ngokungasisemthethweni; • eemvelweni • umsebenzi womncamo wangokwesiko nofana wesimanjemanje; begodu • ebuphilweni bangamalanga • neempoto zebumba/ zomdaka zemandulo / zangokwesiko nofana banamhlanje imimatjhi ethungiweko. 479 • elifeni lamasiko wethu ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO 480 : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YESI-4 IMIHLAHLANDLELA YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA namaminithi ama -24) 2.1 Kopulula, ngezelela Amaphetheni asizungelezileko Abafundi bangawa hlathulula bunjani amaphetheni abawabonako isifundo esi-1 Amapheth- begodu uhlathulule Ukubona , ukuhlathulula ngamagama abazombelezileko? eni weJi- Kopulula, ngezelela nokukopulula amaphetheni weJiyomethri Kuneendlela ezahlukahlukeneko zokuhlathulula amaphetheni esiwabonako yomethri begodu uhlathulule • eemvelweni asizombelezileko. Amaphetheni amanengi asizombelezileko enziwe ngawakho amagama ngemida, ubujamo nofana izinto. Ubujamo nofana izinto akuthlogeki bona • ebuphilweni bangamalanga • amaphetheni alula zihlobaniswe nobujamo babobusobubili 2-D beJiyomethri namabumbeko banamhlanje enziwe ngezinto wabosobusontathu 3-D weJiyomethri okusetjenzwe ngawo eGreyidini yesi • elifeni lamasiko wethu 2. Kuphela kwento okufanele bona abafundi bayicale yi : eziphathekako • amaphetheni alula • lokho okubuyelelwako isib.amadothi, imida, umhlobo omunye nomunye enziwe ngokugwala wobujamo; nokuthi imida, ubujamo nofana • bubuyelelwe njani isib. izinto • Imida enqophileko evundlanako (njenge fadugwini), imida emagegana Ukuzakhela nehlangothi eliphasi lomatheriyali nofana buvundla erhembheni, imida amaphetheni egega nemilenze yamabrhugu; Ukuzakhela amaphetheni • Imida egobeneko njenge mida ezindulungu oyibona lokha usika i-eyi; weJiyomethri • Imida engalinganiko , njengemida yemino yesandla nemida yamadube ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 • ngezinto nemifinqo etholakala eendlovini, ubhejane nomuntu olupheleko; eziphathekako • Imida esamagagasi oyitholako lokha usika ikhabitjhi buvundla, nofana • ngokugwala oyithola emagagasini wehlabathi; imida,ubujamo nofana • Amadothi alinganako ngesayizi, amadothi ahlukaniswe ngokulinganako; izinto • amajamo alinganako ngesayizi; Amaphetheni • amajamo afanako ngemibala; nofana asizungelezileko • amaphetheni enziwe ngobujamo obungafaniko boke :ubujamo obenza Ukubona , ukuhlathulula amaphetheni asesikhumbeni sejirafe woke akafani. ngamagama nokukopulula amaphetheni weJiyomethri • eemvelweni • ebuphilweni bangamalanga banamhlanje • elifeni lamasiko wethu ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
UBUDE IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO CAPS : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YESI-4 IMIHLAHLANDLELA YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA namaminithi ama -24) 2.2 Kopulula, ngezelela Kopulula, ngezelela begodu Qala amanothi weThemu yoku-1. Iimfundo ezi-3 Amaphe- begodu uhlathulule uhlathulule Ngezelela amaphetheni bona afake okulandelako theni Kopulula, ngezelela Kopulula, ngezelela begodu uhlathulule • ngabo ku1 kusuka kunanyana ngiyiphi inomboro phakathi kwe 0 nama weenom- begodu uhlathulule ukulandelana kweenomboro okulula 1000 boro ukulandelana ukufika okungasenani e 1000. Ukulandelana kufanele kutjengise • ngali 10 kusuka kunanyana ngikuphi ukubuyabuyelela kwe 10 phakathi kweenomboro okulula ukubala uye phambili nemuva nga: kwe 0 nama 1000 ukufika okungasenani ema • ngabo ku1 kusuka kunanyana ngiyiphi • ngaku 5 kusuka kunanyana ngikuphi ukubuyabuyelela kwaku 5 phakathi inomboro phakathi kwe 0 nama 1000 kwe 0 nama 1000. 200. • ngali 10 kusuka kunanyana ngikuphi • Ngaku 2 kusuka kunanyana ngikuphi ukubuyabuyelela kwaka ku 2 Ukuzakhela ukubuyabuyelela kwe 10 phakathi kwe phakathi kwe 0 nama 1000 amaphetheni 0 nama 1000 • nge100 kusuka kunanyana ngikuphi ukubuyabuyelela kwe100 kufika Ukuzakhela • ngaku 5 kusuka kunanyana ngikuphi okungasenani e 1 000 nokuhlathulula ukubuyabuyelela kwaku 5 phakathi kwe amaphetheni • ngama 50 kusuka kunanyana ngikuphi ukubuyabuyelelakwama 50 0 nama 1000. weenomboro. kufika okungasenani e 1 000 • Ngaku 2 kusuka kunanyana ngikuphi ukubuyabuyelela kwaka ku 2 phakathi • ngama 25 kusuka kunanyana ngikuphi ukubuyabuyelela kwama 25 kwe 0 nama 1000 kufika okungasenani e 1 000 • nge100 kusuka kunanyana ngikuphi • ngama 20 kusuka kunanyana ngikuphi ukubuyabuyelela kwama 20 ukubuyabuyelela kwe100 kufika kufika okungasenani e 1 000 okungasenani e- 1 000 Sebenzisa izinto , iinthombe, amathebula netjhadi naneko ukusekela • ngama 50 kusuka kunanyana ngikuphi ukutjhuguluka kwabafundi kusuka ekubaleni ngokweqa nokulandelanisa ukubuyabuyelelakwama 50 kufika ukuya ekubuyabuyeleleni ngali: 10, 5, 2, 4, 3. okungasenani e 1 000 • ngama 25 kusuka kunanyana ngikuphi ukubuyabuyelela kwama 25 kufika okungasenani e 1 000 • ngama 20 kusuka kunanyana ngikuphi ukubuyabuyelela kwama 20 kufika okungasenani e 1 000 Ukwakha nokuhlathulula amaphetheni wakho • Ukwakha nokuhlathulula amaphetheni wakho weenomboro • ngamakhefu anqotjhiswe / enziwe egreyidini 2 ngerherho leenomboro elingezelelweko 481 • ngama 20,25, 50,100 to ukufika okungasenani e 1000 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
IGREYIDI YESI-3 ITHEMU YESI- 4 3. ISIKHALA NOBUJAMO (JIYOMETHRI) 482 UBUDE IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO BESIKHATHI IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IMINQOPHO YETHEMU IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA IMIHLAHLANDLELA YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu YESI-4 namaminithi ama -24) 3.2 Irherho lezinto Irherho lezinto Qala amanothi weThemu yesi-2. Isifundo esi-1 Izinto ezi- Ukukhumbula nokutjho ngamagama Ukukhumbula nokutjho NgeThemu le, ningazijayeza nibuyekeze begodu ninzinzise umsebenzi busontathu izinto ezibusontathu (3-D) ngetlasini ngamagama izinto wezinto ezibusontathu (3-D) ngomsebenzi otlolwako. (3-D) neenthombeni ezibusontathu (3-D) • Ukunqopha ekukhumbuleni nokutjho ngamagama: • Ubujamo obuziimbholo, (iindulungu) ngetlasini neenthombeni • Ubujamo obuziimbholo, • Ubujamo obuziimbholo, (iindulungu); • Ubujamo obumabhoksi (amaphrizimu) (iindulungu) • Ubujamo obumabhoksi (amaphrizimu); • amasilinda • Ubujamo obumabhoksi • Amasilinda; • amaphiramidi (amaphrizimu) • iinkurwana • Amaphiramidi; nee • amasilinda Ubujamo bezinto • Iinkurwana • amaphiramidi Hlathulula, hlela ngamananeko begodu lokha nababoniswe iinthombe zeJiyomethri nofana izinto ezisetjenziswa • iinkurwana ngamalanga . umadanise izinto ezibusontathu (3-D) mayelana ne: Ubujamo bezinto imibuzo kufanele inqophise abafundi e: • ubujamo obubusobubili (2-D) obenza Hlathulula, hlela • Kghani ingaphezulu lento ligobene nofana lithabalele; nokuthi ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 ubuso bezinto ezibusontathu (3-D) ngamananeko begodu umadanise izinto • Kghani ilingaphezulu elithabaleleko lezinto zibo ncantathu, ncamane, • ilingaphezulu elithabaleleko nofana ezibusontathu (3-D) iinkwere nofana iindulungu. ilingaphezulu eligobeneko mayelana ne: Imisetjenzana enqotjhiweko • ubujamo obubusobubili (2- • Tjheja begodu wakhe ubujamo D) obenza ubuso bezinto babobusontathu (3-D)onikelwe bona ezibusontathu (3-D) usebenzise izinto eziphathekako • ilingaphezulu okufana nokusika ubujamo elithabaleleko nofana obubusobubili ( 2-D), imdaka, ilingaphezulu eligobeneko iingojwana zokukhupha ukudla emazinyweni, ithunjana okuselwa ngalo iinselo, nezinye izinto ezinobujamo obubusontathu (3-D) zeJiyomethri. 3.4 Isimethri Isimethri Umsebenzi wesimethri wokubhinca iphepha owenziwe eThemini yesi – 1 lesson Isimethri • Ukukhumbula nokugwala imida • Ukukhumbula 2 kufanele irhelebhe abafundi ukubona imida yesimethri emigwalweni yesimethri ebujameni beJiyomethri nokugwala imida yezinto zejiyomethri nalezo ezingasi ngezejiyomethri. nebujameni obungasibo beJiyomethri yesimethri ebujameni Imisetjenzana etlolwako kufanele ifake hlangana iimbonelo lapho ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) emabumbekweni wabobusobubili ( 2-D) beJiyomethri nebujameni obungasibo beJiyomethri • umuda wesimethri kungasimumuda ojame rwe; begodu • Yenza umuda wesimethri ngokugoqa iphepha nokutjengisa godu. emabumbekweni • kube nemida yesimethri edlula kowodwa ebujameni nofana entweni. wabobusobubili ( 2-D).
IGREYIDI YESI- 3 ITHEMU YESI-4 4. UKUMEDA CAPS UBUDE IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO BESIKHATHI AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA : IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu KONYAKA YESI-4 namaminithi ama -24) 4.1 Ukutjho isikhathi Ukutjho isikhathi Abafundi baragela phambili ukuzijayeza ukukhuluma ngobude besikhathi begodu Iimfundo ezi-2 Isikhathi • Ukufunda amalanga • Ukufunda amalanga nangokulandelana kwesikhathi. ekhalendeni ekhalendeni Ngesikhathi sokufundisa itlasi loke begodu nesikhathi sokunqopha esiqhemeni, • Ukubeka amalanga • Ukubeka amalanga abafundi baragela phambili nokukhuluma ngamalanga weveke, iinyanga zonyaka wamabeletho, amafestivali wamabeletho, amafestivali begodu nelanga lamhloko, nangamalanga angaphambili begodu namalanga ezako. wezekolo, amaholide wezekolo, amaholide Abafundi baragela phambili nokubeka okulandelako ekhalendeni njengombana womphakathi, iminyanya womphakathi, iminyanya izehlakalo zivela wezomlando, izehlakalo wezomlando, izehlakalo • amalanga wamabeletho ; zesikolo ezisekhalendeni. zesikolo ezisekhalendeni. • amafestivali wezekolo ; • iminyanya wezomlando ; • Ukutjho isikhathi sama-iri • Ukutjho isikhathi sama-iri • izehlakalo zesikolo ; begodu ali-12 ngama ali-12 ngama • amaholideyi womphakathi . o -iri, o -iri, Ragela phambili ngokutjela abafundi bonyana batjho isikhathi ngaso soke isikhathi o ngesiquntu se-iri o ngesiquntu se-iri pheze ngamalanga o ngekotara ye-iri o ngekotara ye-iri o ngama-iri begodu nangamaminithi wewatjhini ye-analogo; begodu o amaminithi o amaminithi o ngama-iri, iinquntu zama-iri, begodu nangamakotara wama-iri wewatjhi le-analogo wewatjhi le-analogo ngokusebenzisa amawatjhi wedijithali. neenwatjhi zedijithali neenwatjhi zedijithali Isibonelo, abafundi bangabawiwa bonyana batjho bonyana isikolo singena sikhathi begodu nezinye iintlabagelo begodu nezinye iintlabagelo bani, isikhathi sokudla sinini begodu isikolo siphuma nini, nofana batjhintja nini ezitjengisa isikhathi, isib. ezitjengisa isikhathi, isib. ukusuka kesinye isifundo nabaya kwesinye. Khetha iinkhathi lapho iwatjhi itjengisa abomaliledinini abomaliledinini isikhathi poro. Kufanelekile bonyana kube newatjhi esebenzako ebekwa ngetlasini, Ukubala ubude nokudlula Ukubala ubude besikhathi ukuze abafundi baqale kiyo. Abafundi bangenza iimfaniso zamawatjhi. Ungababawa kwesikhathi nokudlula kwesikhathi bonyana bakutjengise iinkhathi ezihlukileko, isib. Ngitjengisa i-iri le-10 ehloko. Sebenzisa ikhalenda Sebenzisa amakhalenda Ngitjengise bonyana bekusikhathi bani ngephambi kwekotara ye-iri. ukubalanokuhlathulula ukubala nokuhlathulula Ngesikhathi sokusebenza ngokuzijamela , abafundi baragela phambili nokwenza ubude besikhathi ubude besikhathi imisebenzi ephathelene nokutjho isikhathi: ngamalanga nofana iimveke ngamalanga nofana o ngama-iri, iinquntu zama-iri, begodu nangamakotara wama-iri ewatjhini ye- nofana iinyanga okufaka ngeemveke nofana iinyanga analogo; begodu hlangana ukufaka hlangana o ngama-iri begodu nangamaminithi ewatjhini ye-dijithali • ukutjhuguluia hlangana • ukutjhugulula hlangana Abafundi bangabala ngokuya ngeemveke nofana amalanga nangabe banikelwe kwamalanga neemveke. kwamalanga neemveke ikhalenda nofana isigaba sekhalenda, ukuthola amalanga begodu nokubala • Ukutjhiugulula hlangana • ukutjhugulula hlangana ukuhluka kwesikhathi esihlangana nazo. kweemveke neenyanag. kweemveke neenyanga Ukufunda isikhathi se-analogo ngamaminithi Sebenzisa amawatjhi Sebenzisa amawatjhi Sebenzisa pheze iimfundo ezimbili unqophe ekuhlanganise abafundi ekghonweni 483 ukubala ubude besikhathi ukubala ubude besikhathi lokufunda isikhathi se-analogo ngamaminithi. ngama-iri nofana isiquntu ngama-iri nofana isiquntu se-iri se-iri Qala amanothi weThemu yesi-3 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO BESIKHATHI AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni 484 IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA : IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu KONYAKA YESI-4 namaminithi ama -24) 4.2 Ukumeda okungakahleleki Yoke imihlobo yokumeda ubude eerhenyiswa magega nekholomu ingajayezwa Ubude • Ukulinganisa, ukumeda, ngesikhathi sekusebenza ngokuzijamela ethemini yoke. Yoke imisebenzi ifanele ukumadanisa, ukuhlela irekhodwe. begodu urekhode ubudengokusebenzisa iimedo ezingakahleleki, isib. Ubude besandla, amagadango, ubude bamapensela, izinto zokubala, njll • Ukuhlathulula ubude bezinto ngokubala begodu nokutjho bonyana zinobude obungangani bamayunithi angakahleleki • Ukusebenzisa ilimi ukukhuluma ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 ngokumadanisa, isib. ubude, ubufitjhani, mude khulu , banzi khulu Ukwethula ukumeda okuhlelekileko • Ukulinganisa, ukumeda, ukumadanisa, ukuhlela begodu urekhode ubude ngokusebenzisa amamitha (iintonga eziyimitha nofana iintambo ezinobude bemitha) njengomuvosimedo ojayelekileko. • Ukulinganisa nokumeda ubude ngamasenthimitha ngokusebenzisa irula. ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) Alikho itjhuguluko elenzeka hlangana kwamamitha namasenthimitha
UBUDE IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO BESIKHATHI AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA : IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu CAPS KONYAKA YESI-4 namaminithi ama -24) 4.3 Ukumeda okungakahleleki Ukwethula ukumeda Ukuhlanganisa umsebenzi owenziwe ngobungako emnyakeni woke, abafundi 1 lessons Ubungako • Ukulinganisa, ukumeda, okuhlelekileko bafanele benze imisebenzi etlolwako lapho bazoku: ukumadanisa, Abafundi benza amathaski • ukufunda iinthombe ezibavumela bonyana bamadanise ubungako bezinto ukuhlela, begodu atlolwako ukuhlanganisa ezitjengiswe esikaleni sokumeda urekhode ubungako, okulandelako, ukufaka • ukufunda iinthombe ezibavumela bonyana batjho ubungako bezinto esikaleni ngokusetjenzisa iimedo hlangana ukufunda sokumeda ngamayunithi angakahleleki wokumeda. ezingakahleleki begodu iinthombe ze: • Ukumadanisa,ukuhlela begodu nokurekhoda abakufunyeneko nesikala sokudzimelelisa • mikhiqizo yobungako isib.amabhulogo, iintina o Iinthombe zezinto ezithengiswa esitolo sokudla nezinye izintwanyana bento etlolwe kiyo. zangekhaya ezinobungako obutlolwe ngamakhilogremu; begodu njll. • Iinthombe zobungako o Iinthombe zezinto ezithengiswa esitolo sokudla nezinye izintwanyana • Ukusebenzisa beenkala zangendlini zangekhaya ezinobungako obutlolwe ngamagremu ilimi ukukhuluma yokuhlambela lapho ngokumadanisa isib. • Ukufunda iinthombe zesikala sangendlini yokuhlambela lapho ubungako butjengisa ivolumu iseduze khona elula,ebudisi, elula- ukuba sedeze nekhilogremu ezeleko. nomuda inalidi ekhombe khulu,ebudisi-khulu khona umuda onenomboro Qala amanothi weThemu yesi-2 Ukwethula ukumeda emeregiweko Ukumeda ubungako njengobujamo bokurarulula imiraro begodu nokubala okuhlelekileko Ngesikhathi esibekelwe Iinomboro, imiSebenzi noBudlelwana,abafundi bangararulula • Ukumadanisa, ukuhlela imiraro ngokusebenzisa nokurekhoda ubungako ubujamo bezinto ezipakelwe • bokumeda okungakahleleki kobungako ukuthengiswae- zinobungako obutjengiswe • ubungako ngamakhilogremu ngamakhilogremu, isib. Ubungako ngamagremu amakhilogremu ama-2 Yelela irherho lenomboro elifaneleko leThemu, nemihlobo yeenkinga wereyisi nekhiligremu ezihlukahlukeneko ezifaneleko zeThemu. li-1 leflowuru nofana amakhilogremu ama-500 wetswayi • Ukumeda ubungako babo ngamakhilogremu ngokusebenzisa isikala sokumeda sangendlini yokuhlambela Alikho itjhuguluko elifunekako hlangana kwamamilimitha namalitha 485 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
UBUDE IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO BESIKHATHI AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni 486 IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA : IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu KONYAKA YESI-4 namaminithi ama -24) 4.4 Ukumeda okungakahleleki Ukwethula ukumeda Ngesikhathi sokusebenza ngokuzijamela abafundi bafanele baragele phambili Isifundo esi-1 Umthamo/ • Ukulinganisa nokumeda; okuhlelekileko noku: ivolumu Ukumadanisa nokuhlela (isib. Abafundi benza amathaski • Ukulinganisa nokumeda; ukumadanisa, ukuhlela begodu nokurekhoda umthamo ongamumathwa atlolwako ukuhlanganisa umthamo weemumathi nofana ivolumu yeemumathi ngokusebenzisa iimedo simumathi nasizeleko) okulandeleko, ukufaka ezingakahleleki. ngokusebenzisa iimedo hlangana ukufunda • Ukumadanisa begodu nokuhlela umthamo wamabhodlelo ahlukahlukeneko ezingakahleleki isib. Iingobho iinthombe begodu nezinto zesitolo sokudla nezinye izintwanyana zangekhaya lapho namakopi. • zemikhiqizo yobungako umthamo wakhona utlolwe ezintweni eziphakethelwako. • Ukuhlathulula umthamo bento etlolwe kiyo ukuze • Sebenzisa nanyana amabhodlelo welitha li-1 nofana amajege welitha li-1 wesimumathi ngokubala nokutjho kulandelaniswe ngendlela ukulinganisa nokumeda, ukumadanisa,ukuhlela begodu nokurekhoda bonyana mangaki amayunithi efeneleko. umthamo weemumathi nofana ivolumu engeemumathini ezingamalitha. angakahleleki angazalisa isimumathi, isib. Ibhodlelo • Iinthombe zamajege Qala amanothi weThemu yesi-3 linobungako bamakopi amane lapho ivolumu Abafundi bafanele banikelwe amathaski atlolwako ukuhlanganisa Ukwethula ukumeda iseduze nelitha li-1 okulandeleko, ukufaka hlangana ukufunda iinthombe okuhlelekileko elinomboriweko nofana • zemikhiqizo yobungako bento etlolwe kiyo ukuze kulandelaniswe ngendlela umuda omeregweko efaneleko. • Ukulinganisa, ukumeda; otjengisa amalitha ama-2 • Iinthombe zamajege lapho ivolumu iseduze nelitha li-1 elinomboriweko ukumadanisa nokuhlela ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 nokurekhoda umthamo wezinto nofana isiquntu samalitha nofana umuda omeregweko otjengisa amalitha ama-2 nofana isiquntu ngokumeda ngamalitha, iinqunto nofana ikotara yelitha. samalitha nofana ikotara yelitha. zamalitha begodu nangamakotara • Iinthombe zamajege Iinthombe zamajege lapho ivolumu iseduze nemida emeregiweko wamalitha. lapho ivolumu iseduze yamamilimitha. • Ukumadanisa, ukuhlela nemida emeregiweko Kulindeleke bonyana abafundi bafunde kwaphela umuda oseduze nokurekhoda umthamo wezinto yamamilimitha. emeregiweko yamamilimitha. ezipakelwe ukuthengiswa, Kulindeleke bonyana Bahlathulula ivolumu yabo njengokuthi pheze, / eduze /okunengana kuna/ ubungako bazo butlolwa abafundi bafunde pheze kube/ nofana inomboro poro (yelitha) abayifunda ejegeni. ngamalitha, isib. Amalitha kwaphela umuda Alikho itjhuguluko elifuneka hlangana kwamamitha namasenthimitha ama-2 webisi, ilitha li-1 lesiselo esimakhaza, ama-5 l wepende oseduze emeregiweko Ukumeda ubungako njengobujamo bokurarulula imiraro begodu nafana ngamamilimitha, isib. yamamilimitha. nokubala ama-500 ml webisi, Bahlathulula ivolumu yabo Ngesikhathi esibekelwe Iinomboro, imiSebenzi noBudlelwana,abafundi • Amamililitha ama-340 wesiselo njengokuthi pheze, / eduze bangararulula imiraro ngokusebenzisa esimakhaza, amamilimitha ama- /okunengana kuna/ pheze kube/ nofana inomboro poro ubujamo 750 we-oli (yelitha) abayifunda ejegeni. • bobungako / ivolumu besimedo ezingakahleleki, isibonelo, uGogo • Ukwazi bonyana ikopi usebenzisa amakopi amabili webisi ukwenza ipudinghi. Nakawabuyelela elisezingeni limamililitha ama-250 Alikho itjhuguluko elifuneka hlangana kwamamitha kabili, uzokusebenzisa ibisi elingangani? • Ukwazi bonyana ithispuni namasenthimitha • amalitha ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN) limamililitha ama-5 • amamililitha akukalindeleki bonyana Yelela irherho lenomboro elifaneleko leThemu, nemihlobo yeenkinga kube netjhuguluko hlangana ezihlukahlukeneko ezifaneleko zeThemu. kwamamilimitha namalitha
UBUDE IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO IMIQONDO NAMAKGHONO BESIKHATHI AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO ZOKUPHELA : IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu KONYAKA YESI-4 CAPS namaminithi ama -24) 4.5 IPherimitha Ubukhulu bendawo Abafundi bangeniswa ekumedeni ubungako bendawo kokuthoma egreyidini Iimfundo ezi-2 Ipherimitha • Rhubhulula ibanga lobujamo Rhubhulula ubukhulu yesi-3. Egreyidini yesi-3 begodu nesikhathi esinengi sesiGabeni esisiSekelo nobukhulu uzombelezele boke bendawo ngokusebenzisa ubungako bendawo bumedwa kwaphela ngokungakahleleki. Abafundi bathola bendawo abobusobubili (2D) begodu ukuthayela bonyana mangaki amajamo nofana izinto ezivala ilingaphandle. Bapakela nezinto zabosobusontathu ( 3D) amajamo nofana izinto ngaphandle kokutjhiya iinkhala hlangana namajamo ngokusebenzisa intambo nofana izinto. Bese babala bonyana mangaki amajamo avala ilingaphandle. Isib. Abafundi bangapakela iinkwere nofana aboncamane ekhasini; babala Ubungako bendawo bonyana nangaki amajamo avala ikhasi. Abafundi bafanele batjho ubungako • Rhubhulula ubungako bendawo bendawo ngokuya ngamajamo, isib. Ikhasi lami linobungako bendawo ngokusebenzisa ukuthayela obuboncamane abali-16. Kulindelekile bonyana amajamo angavali ikhasi ngokupheleleko, njengesibonelweni esingenzasi.   Abafundi bafanele batjho ubungako bekhasi ngokuyelela lokhu, isib. Ikhasi lami linobungako bendawo obungaphezu kwaboncamane abali-18 kodwana mbadlwana kunaboncamane abama-28. Vumela abafundi bafake amathayela endaweni enamajamo ahlukahlukeneko begodu namajamo afanako wobungako obuhlukahlukeneko. Lokhu kuzokuvumela abafundi babone bonyana. • ijamo nalilincani, lenza bonyana abe manengi amajamo azokulingana ilingaphandle, begodu • ijamo olikhethako lizokuthinta iimpendulo zokubala ozitholako Abafundi abakalindeleki banyana babale ubungako bendawo ngokubala iinkwere ezisegridini yeenkwere; lokhu kuzokwenziwa esiGabeni esisiSekelo. 487 ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3
IGREYIDI YESI-3 ITHEMU YESI-4 5. UKUPHATHA IDATHA 488 UBUDE IMIQONDO IMIQONDO BESIKHATHI NAMAKGHONO NAMAKGHONO : AMANYE AMANOTHI WOKUTLHADLHULA NOFANA IMIHLAHLANDLELA (eemfundweni IINHLOKO : IIMFUNEKO IMINQOPHO YETHEMU YOKUFUNDISA ze-iri -1 begodu ZOKUPHELA KONYAKA YESI-4 namaminithi ama -24) 5.4 Ukubuthelela begodu Ukubuthelela uhlele idatha begodu uhlele • Buthelela idatha idastha ngetlasi nofana isikolo ukwenzela ukuphendula imibuzo ebuzwa ngutitjhere. • Hlela idatha oyinikelwe ngutitjhere nofana incwadi • Hlela idatha ngama: -- Amarhelo -- Amathali -- Amathebula ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 Ukujamisela idatha 5.5 Jamisela idatha nge: Ukujamisela • Grafu yeenthombve idatha • Bha grafu 5.6 Ukuhlaziya begodu Ukuhlaziya idatha Ngalesi isikhathi sonyaka, kufanele bona abafundi sele babandakanywe kiyoyoke Isifundo esi-1 Ukutsenga urhumutjhe idatha kusukela eenjamisweni imihlobo yokubuthelela idatha efunekako eGreyidini 3 (amarhelo, amathali, amathebula, begodu Phendula imibuzo onikelwe zona. amagrafu weenthombe, amabha grafu). Kuphakanyisiwe bona ngeThyemu yesi 4 uhlathulule ngedatha ethulwe nge: abafundi banqophe ekuhlaziyeni idatha. Unikela abafundi idatha bona bayihlaziye idatha okungasenani ema: • Grafu yeenthombve • Ibha grafu eyodwa; nase • Bha grafu. • Thebuleni eyodwa Abafundi kufanele baphendule imibuzo obabuza yona ngama grafu nama thebula; bona iThemu 1ukufumana imihlobo yemibuzo efaneleko. ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 ISAHLUKO 4: UKUHLOLA 4.1 ISINGENISO Ukuhlola yikambiso eragela phambili ehleliweko yokubona, ukubuthelela begodu nokurhumutjha ilwazi elimayelana nokusebenza kwabafundi, ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezihlukeneko zokuhlola. Kufaka hlangana amagadango amane: • ukukhiqiza begodu nokubuthelela ubufakazi bokuzuza, • ukuhlola ubufakazi lobu: • ukurekhoda lokho okutholakeleko begodu • kusetjenziswa ilwazi leli ukuzwisisa begodu nokusiza ekuthuthukiseni umfundi ukuze kwenziwe ngcono ikambiso yokufunda nokufundisa. Ukuhlola kufanele kwenziwe ngazo zombili iindlela kube ngokungakahleleki (Ukuhlola mayelana nokufunda) nan- gokuhlelekileko (Ukuhlola kokufunda). Kizo zombili iindlela zokuhlola umbiko obuyako kufanele unikelwe abafundi ukuthuthukisa ilemuko lokufunda. EsiGabeni esisiSekelo, amathekhiniki aqakathekileko wokuhlola okuhlelekileko begodu nokungakahlelekiko kutjhe- jwa ngutitjhere, ukucocisana ngokomlomo, ukutjengisa wokwenzekako, begodu nerekhodi elitloliweko. Ukuhlola kweGreyidi R kufanele kube ngokomlomo begodu nangokwenzeka 4.2 Ukuhlola okungakahleleki nanyana ukuhlola kwangamalanga Ukuhlola kokufunda kuyikambiso yokuragela phambili yokubuthelela ilwazi ngalokho umfundi akuzuzileko okungas- etjenziswa ukwenza ngcono ukufunda kwakhe. Lokhu kubizwa ukuhlola okungakahleleki..Kuyindlela yangamalanga yokutjheja iragelo phambili labafundi. Lokhu kwenziwa ngendlela yokuqala, ukucocisana, ukutjengisa okwenzekako, ukukhulumisana ngendlela engakahleleki ngetlasini, njll. Akukafaneli kubonakale njengento ehlukileko kunemise- benzi efundwako leyo efundwa ngetlasini. Ukuhlola okungakahleleki kusiza utitjhere ukutjheja ituthuko yomfundi nokwenza imiyalelo ngesiqunto sangamalanga woke. Ukuhlola okuhlelekileko kusetjenziseswa: • ukunikela umbiko obuyako ebafundini • ukwazisa ukutlamela ukufundisa Kesinye isikhathi utitjhere angalondoloza irhelo lokuhlola nofana asebenzise itjhejuli yokuqala njengendlela yoku- rekhoda iragelo phambili lomfundi. Kesinye isikhathi abafundi nofana utitjhere angatshwaya umsebenzi. Nanyana kunjalo, ukuhlola okungahleleki akubi yingcenye yerekhodi elihlelekileko lomfundi. Imiphumela yemisebenzi yokuh- lola okungakahleleki kwangamalanga ayitjhejwa nakukhutjhulwa abafundi begodu nalokha nakunehloso yokunikela iintifikeyidi. 4.3 UKUHLOLA OKUHLELEKILEKO. Yoke imisebenzi ehlolwako/amathaski abumba ihlelo elihlelekileko lokuhlola lomnyaka woke lithathwa njengokuHlo- la okuHlelekileko. Amathaski/Imisebenzi yokuhlola okuhlelekileko iyatshwaywa begodu irekhodwe phasi ngutitjhere ngendlela ehlelekileko mayelana neragelo phambili kanye nomnqophowokunmikelwa kwesitifikeyidi. Ukuhlola okuhlelekile kunikela abotitjhere indllela yerherho yokuhlunga bonyana abafundi bathuthuka bunjani ngegreyidini ngayinye begodu nasesifundweni esithize. Utitjhere angaqala kwaphela abafundi abangaba li 10 ngesikhathi sinye, ngakho ke imisebenzi yokuhlola okuhlele- kileko izokwenzeka khulu ekuhlanganeni okunqotjhiweko kweenqhema ezincani begodu kuzothatha amalanga uku- hlola ikumba yoke yokufunda. Yoke imethiriyali neensetjenziswa lezo abafundi abanokuziberegisa kufanele zibe khona njengasemihleni, (izinto zokubala, amatjhadi weenomboro,njll) Iindlela zokuhlola ezisetjenziswako kufanele zilingane neminyaka begodu nezinga letuthuko elifaneleko. Ukuhlola CAPS 489
ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 okuhlelekileko kufanele kuvumele amazing ahlukahlukeneko wokufunda namakghono wabafundi, nobujamo bemise- benzi le kufanele bulingane nokumumethweko kwesifundo ngeendlela ezihlukeneko. Imihlobo ehlukeneko yokuhlola (ukuqala, komlomo, okwenziwako nokutlolwako) kufanele kuberegiswe ukunikela umfundi ngamunye ithuba lokutjengisa abangakwenza. Lokhu kungombana abanye abafundi bakghona masinyana ukubonisa lokhu abakwaziko kokhunye ukuhlola okuhlelekileko. Isibonelo, • Abanye abafundi abathola bonyana ukufunda kubudisi bayazazi iimBalo. • Abanye abafundi ngeze babe sezingeni elamukelekileko lokukghona ngelimini lokufunda nokufundisa. Imisebenzi yokuhlola eemBalweni kufanele ifake imisebenzi begodu nemisetjenjana engakasekelwa elimini, begodu engakasimi ekufundeni, ukuveza amakghono wamambala wabafundi laba. Nanyana kunjalo, iyalelo lalokho okuhlolwako lifanele liqalwe. Ilwazi elithileko begodu, amakghono ahloleka kuhle ngeendlela ezithileko zokuhlola. Imihlobo ehlukeneko yokuhlola ilungele amakghono begodu nemiqondo etlhogeka- ko eenhlokwaneni ezihlukahlukene neenqhema zeminyaka ezihlukeneko. Kuyasiza ukusebenzisa irhelo lokuhlola ukuhlola ukulinganisa abafundi emagreyidini aphasi. Irubrikhi ingaberegiswa ukuhlola ikghono lomfundi ekurarululweni kwemiraro. 4.4 IHLELO LOKUHLOLA OKUHLELEKILEKO Iimfuneko zokuhlola okuhlelekileko eemBalweni emaGreyidini 1-3 zirhenyiswe ethebuleni engenzasi: ITHEMU 1 ITHEMU 2 ITHEMU 3 ITHEMU 4 INANI IGreyidi 1 2 2 2 1 7 IGreyidi 2 2 2 2 2 8 IGreyidi 3 2 3 3 2 10 Abotitjhere bakhuthazwa bonyana benze ukuhlola okusisekelo ethemini yokuthoma. Imiphumela yabafundi ekuhlol- weni okusisekelo akukafaneli bonyana isetjenziselwe ukulebula ikghono labo, kodwana ukuthatha isiquntu sokobana imisetjenzana yokuthoma ibekwe kiliphi izinga begodu nokuhlola nokobana ngiziphi iingcenye zomsebenzi ezitlhoga itjhejo elinengi. Abafundi bathuthuka ngamazinga ahlukahlukeneko. Abanye abafundi bathoma buthaka, kodwana baye ngokurhaba eeMbalweni lokha nakukhamba isikhathi. Umsebenzi wokuhlola okuhlelekile eemBalweni ufaka hlangana iinhloko ezidlula kwesisodwa eemBalweni. Uku- hlola konyaka woke kufanele kumumathe zoke iingaba zokumumethweko neenhloko, kodwana akusingiyo yoke into ekukharikhyulamu okufanele ihlolwe ngokuhlelekileko nofana kubikwe ngakho. Iinomboro ,Ama-opharetjhini no Budlelwano kuthatha 60 % eemBalweni emaGreyidini 1-3. Lokhu kutjho bonyana amaphesende ama-60% yokuh- lola okuhlelekileko ethemini ngayinye begodu nenyakeni kufanele unqotjhiswe Eenomborweni, Ama-opharetjhini no- Budlelwano Umsebenzi wokuhlola okuhlelekileko ngamunye akukafaneli bonyana kubonwe njengesehlakalo esihlukileko nofa- na ukulingwa. Ezinye iinquntu zesilinganiso zingahlolwa ngasikhathi sinye, kodwana ezinye zizakuhlolwa enkathini esihlukile. Isibonelo lokha ikghono labafundi lokubala ngokweqa lihlolwa, ikghono labo ukwenza okulandelako lin- gahlolwa emsebenzini ofanako nofana isehlakalo: • Ukuqedelela ilandelano lokubala • Ukufunda nokuatlola amatshwayo weenomboro • Ukubala Nanyana kunjalo, uma umsebenzi wokuhlola umumethe kokubili ukurarululwa kwemiraro ngokweenqhema/ nofana ukwabelana. 490 ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 nangokuhlanganyela, begodu nokuhlola ikghono labafundi lokulinganisa umthamo;kuvamile bonyana amahlangothi wobujamo weemBalo azokuhlolwa eenkathini ezihlukeneko begodu ngeendlela ezahlukeneko. 4.5. UKUREKHODA NOKUBIKA Ukurekhoda yikambiso lapha utitjhere atlola phasi khona amazinga wokusebenza komfundi ekuhloleni umsebenzi onqotjhiweko. Kutjengisa iragelo phambili lomfundi mayelana nokuzuza ilwazi njengombana kuquntwe ngakhona esiTatimendeni somThetho-kambiso weKharikhyulamu nokuHlola. Amarekhodi wokusebenza komfundi kufanele an- ikele ubufakazi beragelo phambili lemiqondo hlangana negreyidi nokulungela kwakhe ukuragela phambili nanyana ukudluliselwa kugreyidi elandelako. Ukurekhodwa kokusebenza komfundi kufanele kusetjenziswe ukuqinisekisa ira- gelo phambili elenziwa botitjhere nabafundi ekambisweni yokufunda kanye nokufundisa. Ukubika yikambiso yokukhulumisana ngokusebenza komfundi kubafundi, kubabelethi, eenkolweni begodu nabanye abahlanganyeli. Ukusebenza komfundi kungabikwa ngeendlela ezinengi. Lokhu kufaka hlangana amakarada wemi- biko, imihlangano yababelethi, amalanga wokuvakatjhela iinkolo, amakhonferensi wabafundi nabotitjhere, imitato, iincwadi, iincwadi zetlasi nanyana zesikolo, njll. Abotitjhere kiwo woke amagreyidi babika ngamaphesende kuneem- fundo. Amazinga ahlukeneko wokuzuza kanye namazinga wamaphesende akhambisana nawo atjengisiwe kilethe- bula engenzasi. AMAKHOWUDU NAMAPHESENDE WOKUREKHODA NOKUBIKA IKHOWUDU YAMANANI UKUHLATHULULWA KWEKGHONO AMAPHESENDE 7 Uphumelele kuhle tle 80 – 100 6 Uphumelele ngendlela ethokozisako 70 – 79 5 Uphumelele ngamandla 60 – 69 4 Uphumelele ngokwaneleko 50 – 59 3 Uphumelele ngokulingeneko 40 – 49 2 Uphumelele ngendlela ephasi 30 – 39 1 Akakaphumeleli 0 - 29 4.6 UKULINGANISA UKUHLOLA Ukulinganisa kutjho ikambiso eqinisekisa bonyana ukuhlola umsebenzi kwenziwa ngendlela efaneleko, esemthethweni nethembekileko. Ukulinganisa kufanele kwenziwe emazingeni wesikolweni , kudistrki, kusiyingi kuphrovinsi kanye nezingeni lelizwe loke. Iindlela zokwenza zokullinganisa ezipheleleko nezifaneleko kufanele zibe khona mayelana nokuqinisekiswa kwakho koke ukuhlola iimfundo. 4.7 OKUVAMILEKO Umtlolo lo kufanele ufundwe ngokukhambisana nalokhu: 4.7.1 IKambiso yokuHlola yeliZwe loke, Imihlahlandlela yeenhlahlubo ezithileko zesifundo njengombana simunyethwe emtlameni wetlhatlha lomgomo: Umgomo weliZwe loke ophathelene nehlelo kanye neendingo zokuthuthukiswa kwesiTatimende seKharikhyulamu yeliZwe loke, kumaGreyidi R-12 4.7.2 Iimfuneko zokuRagela Phambili nokuKhutjhulwa Amagreyidi 1-12. 4.7.3 Umhlahlandlela wokuhlola onqotjhiswe esifundweni okhutjhwa njalo ngonyaka. CAPS 491
ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 4.8 iimbonelo zamathaski wokuhlola zamagreyidi woku-1 ukuya ku-3 Isibonelo samarhelo wokuhlola ukuhlola anikelwe ngenzasi. Umnqopho kusiza abotitjhere ngokutlama nokwenza ukuhlola okuhlelekileko ngendlela eragako. IGREYIDI 1 Irherho lokutjheja lomthamo/ivolumu Isigaba soku- Isihloko Isilinganiso  nofana  Imibono mumethweko Hlela begodu umadanise inani lokusaketjezi (ivolumu) eemumathini ezimbili ezibekwe esinye eqadi kwesinye. Madanisa ivolumu yeemumathi ezimbili Umthamo / Ivolumu nofana ngaphezulu eziqaleka zihlukile ngokuthela ngesimumathini sesithathu. ukumeda Rekhoda umthamo weemumathi ngokusebenzisa izinto zokumeda ezingakahleleki, isib. Iingobho namakomitji. Phendula imibuzo emayelana nokuthi ngisiphi isimumathi esithatha iketjezi elinengi. Sebenzisa ilimi ukukhuluma ngokumadanisa, isib. Nengi kuna, ncani kuna, kuzele, akunalitho. IGREYIDI 1 Irherho lokutjheja lemasi Isigaba soku- Isihloko Isilinganiso  nofana  Imibono mumethweko Hlela begodu umadanise imasi yezinto ezintathu nofana ngaphezulu, ngokubeka izinto ngazimbili esikalini sokudzimelelisa, kufikela lapho zoke izinto sele zilandelanisiwe. Ukumeda Yitjho iyunidi lokha nawunikela imasi, isib. Imasi Incwadi inemasi elingana namamabula ama-34. Sebenzisa ilimi ukukhuluma ngokumadanisa, isib. Okulula, okubudisi, okuludlana, okubudisana. Ikghono lokurekhoda ukumeda. Ukusebenzisa irubhrikhi ukuhlola / ukulinganisa ukurarulula imiraro Ukurarulula imiraro kungahlolwa ngokusebenzisa irubhrikhi. Okuthathwa njengendlela elungileko yokurarulula imiraro, • kuyatjhuguluka lokha abafundi bathuthuka begodu bakhula ngokuzwisisa umqondo wenomboro begodu nekghono lokusebenza kwabo; begodu • kudzimelele kikho kokubili irherho lenomboro emrarweni begodu nehlobo lomraro. 492 ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 IGREYIDI 1 Irubhrikhi yokurarulula imiraro Akazi bonyana athome kuphi nofana wenza into eseqadi. 1 Uzwisisa umraro begodu uyawuthoma kodwana akakghoni ukuwuqedelela kuhle. 2-3 Uzwisisa umraro begodu uyawurarulula ngokusebenzisa imigwalo (immeregi) nofana izinto zokubala. 4-5 Ukghona ukuhlathulula. Angahle enze iimphoso ezincani. Uqedelela umraro ngefanelo. Angahlathulula ukucabanga kwakhe nokwabanye ngokuzethemba. 6-7 IGREYIDI 2 Irubhrikhi yokurarulula imiraro Akazi bonyana athome kuphi nofana wenza into eseqadi. 1 Uzwisisa umraro begodu uyawuthoma kodwana akakghoni ukuwuqedelela kuhle. 2-3 nofana Uzwisisa umraro begodu uyawurarulula ngokusebenzisa imigwalo (immeregi) nofana izinto zokubala kuphela. * Uzwisisa umraro begodu uyawurarulula ngokusebenzisa iinomboro, kodwana wenza iimphoso ezincani. Ukghona 4-5 ukuhlathulula. Uqedelela umraro ngefanelongokusebenzisa ilwazi lenomboro begodu namaqhinga afana nokuthi aphule begodu 6-7 abuyelele ahlanganise iinomboro, ukubuyelela kabili, ukuqunta phakathi, amanamba layini, njll. Angahlathulula ukucabanga kwakhe nokwabanye ngokuzethemba. * Irherho leenomboro ezisebenza ngabafundi beGreyidi yesi-2, lithoma ukwenza bonyana kube budisi/ kungak- ghoneki ukubala ngokugwala iinthombe bese uyazibala. Umqondo weenomboro wabafundi kutlhogeka bonyana uthuthuke ngokuzeleko ukwenzela bonyana bakghone ukusebenzisa iinomboro ukurarulula imiraro nokubala. IGREYIDI 3 Irubhrikhi yokurarulula imiraro Akazi bonyana athome kuphi nofana wenza into eseqadi. 1 Uzwisisa umraro begodu uyawuthoma kodwana akakghoni ukuwuqedelela kuhle, nofana usebenzisa immeregi 2-3 (imigwalo) nofana izinto zokubala. Uzwisisa umraro begodu uyawurarulula ngokusebenzisa iinomboro. Ukghona ukuhlathulula. 4-5 Uqedelela umraro ngefanelo ngokusebenzisa ilwazi lenomboro begodu namaqhinga afana nokuthi aphule begodu abuyelele ahlanganise iinomboro, ukubuyelela kabili, ukutjhideza eduze nokujamiselela , amanamba layini, njll 6-7 ngefanelo. Angahlathulula ukucabanga kwakhe nokwabanye ngokuzethemba. Iimbonelo zokuthi ungayisebenzisa bunjani irubhrikhi le emirarweni erarululwe bafundi bamaGreyidi 1 – 3. Inja inemilenze emi-4. Izinja ezili -12 zinemilenze emingaki? IGreyidi 1: Isilinganiso 1. Umfundi akawuzwisisi umraro, yekeke usebenzisa iqhinga eliseqadi nofana itshwayo okungasingilo. inja eyodwa ineenyawo ezi 4 IGreyidi 1: Isilinganiso 6 izinja ezili 12 zineenyawo ezingaki? 48 Umfundi uwuzwisisile umraro, urarulule umraro ngendlela efaneleko eGreyidini yoku 1 begodu ukghona ukuhlathulula umraro. IGreyidi 2: Isilinganiso 4 Umfundi uwuzwisisisle begodu wawurarulula umraro. Nanyana kunjalo, umfundi wegreyidi yesi 2 kufanele asebenzise iinomboro namatshwayo ukuhlanganisa ngokubuyelela (nofana ukubuyabuyelela, kuye ngokuthi ngisiphi isikhathi sonyaka). Umlimi utjala amareyi asi 6 wemithi. Ireyi ngalinye linemithi eli- 13. Utjala imithi emingaki nasele iyoke? CAPS 493
ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 Umfundi weGreyidi 2 , Isilinganiso 6 Umfundi uwuzwisisisle begodu wawurarulula umraro, ngokusebenzisa inomboro efaneleko namatshwayo afaneleko eGreyidini yesi 2. Abafundi beGreyidi 3: Isilinganiso 4 Abafundi bawuzwisisisle begodu bawurarulula umraro ngendlela elingeneko. Nanyana kunjalo, abatholi imaraga lokusebenza ngokudluleleko ngombana abakatjengisi amaqhinga akhona ebafundini beGreyidi yesi 3 o.u. ukubuyabuyelela ngokusebenzisa ukuphula begodu nokubuye uhlanganiseiinomboro : bona ngenzasi. Umfundi weGreyidi 3: Isilinganiso 5 Uqedelela umraro ngefanelo ngokusebenzisa inomboro namatshwayo afaneleko namaqhinga afana nokuthi aphule begodu abuye ahlanganise iinomboro. Angahlathulula ukucabanga kwakhe nokwabanye ngokuzethemba. UJabu uneentikara ezima 258 begodu uJonasi uneentikara ezima 384. Baneentikara ezingaki nasele zihlangene zoke? IGreyidi 3: Isilinganiso 5 Uqedelela umraro ngefanelo ngokusebenzisa ilwazi lenomboro begodu namaqhinga afana nokuthi aphule begodu abuyelele ahlanganise iinomboro, ukubuyelela kabili, ukutjhideza eduze nokujamiselela , amanamba layini, njll ngefanelo. Angahlathulula ukucabanga kwakhe nokwabanye ngokuzethemba. Iyini ihafu yama 237? IGreyidi 3. Isilinganiso 5 Urarulula umraro ngefanelo ngokusebenzisa ilwazi lenomboro namathekiniki afana nokuphula ubuye godu uhlanganise inomboro, ukubuyelela kabili, ukutjhideza eduze nokujamiselela, amanamba layini. Angahlathulula ukucabanga kwakhe nokwabanye ngokuzethemba. 494 ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 IGREYIDI YOKU-1: ITHEMU YOKU-1: Isibonelo esisisekelo sethaski yokuhlola Imihlobo Umbandela wokulinganisa  nofana  Iimbono yemisebenzi Zomlomo Umfundi uyakghona uku: • ukubala izinto ukufikela e-10 • tjho bonyana ngiliphi ibuthelelo lezinto elincani khulu/elikhulu khulu. • Ukufunda amatshwayo weenomboro ukufika ku- 5? Okwenziwako Umfundi uyakghona uku: • Ukulandelanisa izinto? • Ukukopa amaphetheni? • Ukubeka izinto ngaphambi kwakhe? • Ukubeka izinto ngemuva kwakhe? • Ukuhlukanisa izinto ngokuya ngakunye okuphawulekako?. • Ukuzibandakanya emrarweni ukwenzela ukuthola isisombululo? IGreyidi yoku-1 IThemu yoku-1: Isibonelo somsebenzi wokuhlola ithaski yoku-1 ISIGABA ISIHLOKO ISILINGANISO SOMSEBENZI WOKJULINGA SOKUMUMETHWEKO IINOMBORO, AMA- Umqondo nomboro Bala izinto ezi-10 ngokuthembeka,ngokutjho amagama OPHARETJHINI ngokulandelana. NOBUDLELWANA Ukutlola nokufunda amatshwayo wenomboro ukusuka keyoku-1 ukufika keye-5 Ukuhlela iinomboro ukusuka keyoku-1 ukufika keye -5 Ukusuka kencani ukufika kokukhulu. Ukusebenzisa ilimi ukuhlathulula ubudlelwana bobukhulu beenomboro: ngaphambili, ngemuva, nahlangana. Ukurarulula imiraro Ukusombulula imiraro yamagama asebujameni okufaka ukuhlanganisa, ukukhupha kube neempendulo ukufikela keyesi-5 Ngokusebenzisa ama-apharethasi nofana imigwalo begodu nokuhlathulula iinsombululo zakhe emirarweni. Ukusombulula imiraro eyenzekako efaka ukwabelana ngokulinganako begodu nokuhlela ngeenqhema iinomboro ezipheleleko ukufika keye-5 nangeempendulo ezingafaka iinsalela ngokusebenzisa ama-apharethasi nofana imigwalo, Ukubalisisa Ukuhlanganisa ukufikela ku- 5 ngokusebenzisa ama-apharethasi nofana imigwalo Ukukhupha kusukela keye-5 nofana ezimbadlwana ngokusebenzisa ama-apharethasi nofana imigwalo AMAPHETHENI, Amaphetheni Ukuqedelela ukulandelana kwenomboro nawubala ngakunye AMAFANKTJHINI NE- weenomboro ukufikela e-10. isib.1, 2, 3, 4, __, __, __, __, 9, 10 ALJIBHRA CAPS 495
ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 ISIKHALA NOBUJAMO Indawo Ukulandela iinlayelo ukubeka into yinye ehlobana nenye isib. faka (JIYOMETHRI) ipensela ngaphakathi kwebhoksi, faka ipensela ngesandleni sokudla sebhoksi. Izinto Ukubona nokutjho Ezi- 3D • ubujamo bebhola (indulungu) • ibhoksi (iphrizimimu) UKUMEDA Isikhathi Ukuhlathulula lokha nakwenzeka okuthileko ngokusebenzisa ilimi isib. ekuseni, ngemuva kwedina, ebesuku ngamasa, ngamarhwalala. Ubude Ukumeda ubude, ububanzi, nofana ukuphakama ngokusebenzisa iimedo ezingakahleleki. Itjho ukulinganisa ngamayunithi angakahleleki. Ubudisi/imasi Ukumeda nokumadanisa ubudisi bezinto ezintathu nezinengi kusetjenziswa isikala esidzimeleleko kusetjenziswa isilinganiso esingakahleleki. Hlela izinto ngokuya ngobudisi. Hlathulula ukuhleleka ngokusebenzisa okulula, okubudisi nokubudisi khulu. UKUPHATHA IDATHA Ukuhlukanisa ibuthelelo Ukubuthelela nokuhlela ngeengaba izinto ezibonakalako lezinto zangamalanga ngokuya ngombandela wesilinganiso esinikelwe ngutitjhere. Ukugwala isithombe sezinto ezihleliweko nofana ukuhlathulula ibuthelelo elihleliweko. 496 ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 IGreyidi yoku-1 IThemu yesi-2: Isibonelo sokuhlola Ithaski yoku-1 ISIGABA ISIHLOKO UMBANDELA WESILINGANISO SOKUMUMETHWEKO IINOMBORO, AMA- Umqondonomboro Ukubala izinto ezima-20 ngokuthembeka, ngokutjho amagama OPHARETJHINI ngokulandelana. NOBUDLELWANA Ukutjho bonyana ngiyiphi into kulezo ezimbili ezibuthelelweko enokunengi nofana okumbalwa lapho amabuthelelo womabili ana- 10 nofana okumbalwa. Ukufunda amatshwayo wenomboro ukufika ema-30 Ukutlola amatshwayo wenomboro ukufika e-10 Ukusombulula imiraro Ukusombulula imiraro yamagama ngobujamo obufaka ukuhlanganisa, ukukhupha okuneempendulo ukufika e-10 ngokusebenzisa kunye kwalokhu okulandelako: • Ama-apharethasi • Imigwalo • Ukwakha nokuphula iinomboro • Amanambalayini • Ukubuyelela nokuhlukanisa begodu bahlathulule impendulo zemiraro yabo. Ukubalisisa Ukuhlanganisa kufikela e-10. ngokusebenzisa kunye kwalokhu okulandelako: • Ama-apharethasi • Imigwalo • Ukwakha nokuphula iinomboro • Amanambalayini • Ukubuyelela nokuhlukanisa Ukutlola umutjho wenomboro ngokusebenzisa u + Ukukhupha kusukela e-10 nofana ngaphasi. Ngokusebenzisa kunye kwalokhu okulandelako. • Ama-apharethasi. • Imigwalo • Ukwakha nokuphula iinomboro • Amanambalayini • Ukubuyelela nokuhlukanisa Ukutlola umutjho wenomboro ngokusebenzisa u - AMAPHETHENI, Amaphetheni wenomboro Ukuqedelela ukulandelana kweenomboro zokubala ukufika ema-30 AMAFANKTJHINI NE- • Ngakunye isib. 20, 21, 22, 23, __, __, __, __, 28; __; 30. ALJIBHRA • Ngakuhlanu isib. 5, 10, 15, __, __, 30, Amaphetheni Ukukopa nokwandisa iphetheni weJiyomethri • Kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa into eyodwa kodwana imibala yezinto itjhugululwe ngendlela ejayelekileko nofana. • Yenziwe ngokusebenzisa izinto ezifanako zobukhulu obuhlukeneko. ISIKHALA Ama 2-D Ukubona nokutjho amagama NOBUJAMO Weendulungu (JIYOMETHRI) Iinkwere aboncantathu CAPS 497
ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 IGreyidi yoku-1 iThemu yesi-2:Isibonelo sokuhlola ithaski 2 ISIGABA ISIHLOKO UMBANDELA WESILINGANISO SOKUMUMETHWEKO IINOMBORO, AMA- Umqondonomboro Ukubala uye phambili nemuva ngaku-1 hlangana nakunye-1 ukufika ema- OPHARETJHINI 50 NOBUDLELWANA Ukubala uye phambili ngaku-5, ku-2 ukufika ema-50 Ukusebenzisa ilimi ukuhlathulula ukuhlobana kobukhulu benomboro: ngaphambili, ngemuva, nahlangana Ukumadanisa ubukhulu beenomboro ukufika e-10 ngokusebenzisa ilimi isib. Okunengi kuna, okumbalwa kuna njll. Ukusebenzisa ilimi ukuhlathulula ubukhulu beenomboro: ngaphambili, ngemuva,nahlangana Ukuhlela iinomboro ukusukela keyoku-1-10 ukusukela kencani khulu ukuya kekhulu khulu. Ukufunda amatshwayo wenomboro ukufika ema-50. Ukusombulula Ukusombulula imiraro yokwenziwako efaka ukwabelana ngokulinganako imiraro begodu nokubuthelelwa kweenomboro ezipheleleko ukufika e-10 begodu neempendulo ezingafaka hlangana iinsalela. Ngokukodwa okulandelako • Ama-apharethasi. • Imigwalo • Amanambalayini Bahlathulule iinsombululo Ukusombulula Ukusombulula imiraro yamagama asebujameni efaka hlangana imiraro ukuhlanganisa kokubuyelela, okuneempendulo ukufika e-10 ngokusebenzisa kunye kwalokhu okulandelako: • Ama-apharethasi. • Imigwalo • Ukwakha nokuphula iinomboro • Inambalayini • Ukubuyelela nokuhafula begodu Bahlathulule iinsombululo zemiraro okungeyabo. Imali Ukubona imali yeSewula Afrika amasende 5c, 10c, 20, 50c, R1, R2; R5 Ukusombulula imiraro yemali efaka inani liloke netjhentjhi ya- R10 namasende ukufika ema -20c Ukubalisisa Ukuhlanganisa okubuyabuyelweko ukufika e- 10 Ngokusebenzisa okukodwa okulandelako: • Ama-apharethasi. • Imigwalo • Ukwakha nokuphula iinomboro • Amanambalayini • Ukubuyelela nokuhafula begodu Ukutlola umutjho wenomboro kusetjenziswa u + AMAPHETHENI, Amaphetheni Ukuqedelela ukulandelana kweenomboro zokubala AMAFANKTJHINI NE- weenomboro • Ngakunye kubuyelwa emuva ukusukela e- 50 isib. 50, 49, 48, __, __, 45, ALJIBHRA __, __, 42; __; 40. • Ngalitjhumi ukufika ema- 50 isib.10, 20, 30, __, __, UKUMEDA Umthamo/ivolumu Ukulinganisa, ukumeda, ukumadanisa, ukuhlela begodu nokurekhoda umthamo weemumathi ngokusebenzisa iinlinganiso ezingakahleleki isib. Iingobho namakopi. UKUPHATHA IDATHA Ukuhlela Ukubuthelela begodu nokuhlela ngamananeko izinto ezibonakalako ngemihlobo zangamalanga ngokuya ngemibandela yokulinganisa enikelwe ngutitjhere. ibuthelelo lezinto Ukugwala isithombe sezinto ezihlelwe ngemihlobo nofana ukuhlathulula ibuthelelo elihlelwe ngokweengaba. 498 ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 IGreyidi yoku-1 iThemu yesi-3:Isibonelo sokuhlola Ithaski yoku-1 OKUMUMETHWEKO ISIHLOKO UMBANDELA WESILINGANISO ISIGABA IINOMBORO, AMA- Umqondonomboro Ukubala izinto ezi-40 ngokuthembeka, utjho namagama OPHARETJHINI ngokulandelana. NOBUDLELWANA Ukutjho bonyana ngiyiphi yezinto ezimbili ezinikelweko enengi nofana encani nangabe zombili zilibuthelelo le-15 nofana zincani. Funda amatshwayo weenomboro ukufika e-70. Tlola amatshwayo weenomboro ukufika e- 20 Ukusombulula imiraro Ukusombulula imiraro yamagama asebujameni efaka hlangana ukuhlanganisa ,ukukhupha okuneempendulo ukufika e-15. Ngokusebenzisa kunye kwalokhu okulandelako • Ama-apharethasi • iimigwalo • ukwakha nokuphula iinomboro • Amanambalayini • ukubuyelela nokuhafula. bebahlathulule nensombululo zemiraro yabo Ukubala Yenza ukuhlanganisa ukufika e-15 nofana ngaphasi Sebenzisa kunye kwalokhu okulandelako • Ama-apharethasi • Imigwalo • ukwakha nokuphula iinomboro • iinamba-layini • ukubuyelela nokuhafula Tlola umutjho weenomboro usebenzise +,= Yenza ukukhupha kenye nenye inomboro ye-15 nofana encani Sebenzisa kunye kwalokhu okulandelayo • Ama-apharethasi. • Imigwalo. • ukwakha nokuphula iinomboro • Amanambalayini • ukubuyelela nokuhafula. Tlola umutjho weenomboron ngokusebenzisa -,= AMAPHETHENI, Amaphetheni Qedelela ukubala ukulandelana kweenomboro nga: AMAFANKTJHINI NE- weenomboro • yinye .ubalele emuva ukusuka e-60 isib. 60, 59, 58, __, __, __, 54, ALJIBHRA __, __, 51. • ngakubili, isib. 44, 46, 48, __, __, __,56; __, 60 Amaphetheni Ukukopa, ukungezelela nokuhlathulula amaphetheni lokhana weJiyomethriki kusetjenziswa amajamo ahlukahlukeneko ukwenza ukwakha isiqhema ,kodwana iinqhema zezinto ziyabuyelelwa ngokunemba ngendlela efanako. ISIKHALA NOBUJAMO Ama-3-D Ukubona begodu nokutjho (JIYOMETHRI) • ubujamo bendulungu (indulungu) • ubujamo bebhoksi (iphrizimu) Hlela izinto ngokuya ngokugedeka nofana ngokutjhelela kwazo. CAPS 499
ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 IGreyidi yoku-1 iThemu yesi-3 isibonelo sokuhlola ithaski yesi-2 ISIGABA ISIHLOKO UMBANDELA WESILINGANISO SOKUMUMETHWEKO IINOMBORO, AMA- Umqondonomboro Balela phambili nga:-10, 5, 2, kufika ku-80 OPHARETJHINI NOBUDLELWANA Sebenzisa ilimi ukuhlathulula ukuhlobana kobukhulu kwenomboro: ngaphambi,ngemuva, hlangana Madanisa ubukhulu beenomboro ukufika e-15 ngokusebenzisa ilimi isib. kunengi-kune, kumbalwa kuna njll. Rhatjha iinomboro ye- 11 – 15 nga- 10 + kunye isib. 12 = 10 + 2 Sombulula imiraro Ukusombulula imiraro yamagama asebujameni efaka hlangana ukuhlanganisa okubuyelelwako, okuneempendulo ukufika e- 15. Ngokusebenzisa kunye kokulandelako. • Ama-apharethasi. • Imigwalo. • ukwakha nokuphula iinomboro • Amanambalayini • ukubuyelela nokuhafula begodu bewuhlathulula iinsombuluko zemiraro ekungeyakho. Sombulula imiraro yokwenziwako efaka ukwabelana ngokulingana nokubuthelela ngeenomboro ezipheleleko ukufika e-15 zifake begodu ezineempendulo ezingafaka iinsalelo. Ngakunye kwalokhu okulandelako. • Ama-apharethasi. • Imigwalo. • Amanambalayini Hlathulula iinsombululo Imali Bona imali yesewula Afrika emasende 5c, 10c, 20, 50c, R1, R2; R5 Sombulula imiraro yemali inani loke netjhentjhi ukufika e- R20 namasende ukufika emasendeni ama -20 Ukubalisisa Ukwenza ukuhlanganisa okubuyelelweko ukufika -15 ngokusebenzisa kunye kokulandelako • Ama-apharethasi • Imigwalo. • ukwakha nokuphula iinomboro. • ukubuyelela nokuhafula. Ukutlola umutjho wenomboro ngokusebenzisa +,= AMAPHETHENI, Amaphetheni Qedelela ukulandelana kweenomboro zokubala. AMAFANKTJHINI NE- weeNomboro • ngaku- 1 ubalela emuva ukusuka 80 isib. 80, 79, 78, __, __, __, __, 73, ALJIBHRA ___; __; 70. • ngali – 10 ukufika 80 isib.10, 20, 30, __, __,__, __, __, • nga-5 isib .5, 10, 15, __, __, 30, __, __.45, __, __, 60, __, __, __, 80 ISIKHALA NOBUJAMO isimethri Ukubona begodu ugwale umuda wesimethri wamajamo we 2D (JIYOMETHRI) weJiyomethri nekungasiyo yejiyomethri yobujamo. UKUMEDA Ubude Linganisa, meda, madanisa, hlela,begodu bewurekhode ubude ngokusebenzisa isimedo esingakahleleki isib.izandla, igadango, ubude bepensela, izinto zokubala njll. UKUPHATHA IDATHA Idatha Ukuphendula imibuzo ngedatha yephikthografi 500 ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 IGreyidi yoku-1 iThemu yesi-4: isibonelo sokuhlola Ithaski yoku-1 ISIGABA SOKUMU- ISIHLOKO UMBANDELA WESILINGANISO METHWE IINOMBORO, AMA- Umqondonomboro Ukubala izinto ezi-50 ngokuthembeka, utjho amagama ngokulandelana.. OPHARETJHINI NOBUDLELWANA Utjho bonyana ngiliphi ibuthelelo lezinto ezinengi nofana ezimbalwa lapho amabuthelelo ama-20 nofana ambalwa. Ukufunda amatshwayo wenomboro kufikela ema-80 Ukusombulula Ukusombulula imiraro yamagama asebujameni okufaka, ukuhlanganisa, imiraro ukukhupha okuneempendulo ukufika ku-20. Ukusebenzisa khunye kwalokhu okulandlayo • Ama-apharethasi • Imigwalo • ukwakha nokuphula iinomboro • Amanambalayini • ukubuyelela noku hafula Ukuhlathulula iinsombululo zemiraro okungezabo Ukubalisisa Ukuhlanganisa ukufika ngo-20 Ngokusebenzisa kunye kwalokhu okulandelako • Ama-apharethasi. • imigwalo • Ukwakha nokuphula iinomboro • Anambalayini • Ukubuyelela nokuhafula. Ukutlola umutjho ngokusebenzisa +, = Susa ukufika ema-20 nofana ngaphasi Ngokusebenzisa kunye kwalokhu. • Ama-apharethasi • Imigwalo • Ukwakha nokuphula iinomboro • Amanambalayini • Ukubuyelele noku hafula Ukutlola umutjho ngokusebenzisa +, = AMAPHETHENI, Amaphetheni Ukuqedelela ukulandelana kokubala iinomboro AMAFANKTJHINI NE- weenmboro • Ngaku-1 isib. Ubalela emuva ukusuka 80: 80, 79, 78, __, __, __, 74, ALJIBHRA __, __, 71. • Ngaku-2 isib. 64, 66, 68, __, __, __,76; __, 80 ISIKHALA NOBUJAMO Amajamo Ukubona begodu utjho. (JIYOMETHRI) abusobubili (2-D) • Iindulungu • Uncantathu • Iinkwere Ukuhlela ngokuya ngokuthi ziyindulungu nofana mahlangothi anqophileko. UKUMEDA Ubudisi/imasi • Ukulinganisa,ukumeda,ukumadanisa, ukuhlela nokurekhoda ubudisi ngesimedo esingakahleleki isib.iintina,amabhlogo njll. • Ukusebenzisa ilimi ukukhuluma ngokumadanisa isib.elula,ebudisi,ebul udlana,ebudisana njll. CAPS 501
ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 IGreyidi yoku-1 iThemu yesi-4: isibonelo sokuhlola ithaski 2 ISIGABA SOKUMU- ISIHLOKO UMBANDELA WESILINGANISO METHWEKO IINOMBORO, AMA- Umqondonomboro Ukubala ukuya phambili nga-10, 5, 2 ukuya e-100 OPHARETJHINI Ukusebenzisa ilimi ukuhlathulula, ukukhambelena kobukhulu beenomboro NOBUDLELWANA ngaphambili, nangemuva nahlangana Ukumadanisa ubukhulu beenomboro ukufika ema-20 ngokusebenzisa ilimi isib. Khulu kuna, kumbalwa kuna, njll. Ukuhlela iinomboro ukusuka keyoku-1- 20 ukusuka kwekulu ukuya kwencani Ungahlukanisa iinomboro ukusuka -11-20 kube 11- 10 kube 10+ imivo ,isib. 14=10+ 4 Ukufunda amatshwayo wenomboro ukufika e- 100. Ukutlola amatshwayo wenomboro ukufika ku-20 Ukurarulula imibala Ukurarulula imiraro yamagama kummongo ofaka hlangana ukubala okubuyelelwako neempendulo ukufika ema -20 Ngokusebenzisa kunye kwalokhu okulandelako • Ama apharethasi • imigwalo • ukwakha nokuhlephula iinomboro • Amanambalayini ukubuyelela kabili nokuhafula begodu nokuhlathulula isisombululo semiraro Ukusombulula imiraro yokwenziwako efaka hlangana ukwabelana ngokulinganako nokubuthelela ngeenomboro ezipheleleko ukuya ema-20 eneempendulo ezingafaka iinsalela ngalokhu okulandelako: • Ama-apharathasi • imigwalo • Amanambalayini Ukuhlathulula iinsombululo Ukukhumbula iinhlavu zemali yeSewula Afrika 5c, 10c, 20c, 50c, R1,R2,R5 Imali Ukusombulula imiraro yemali ukufaka hlangana amanani begodu netjhentjhi ukufika ema-R20 begodu nangamasende ukuya emasendeni ema-50c Ukwenza ukuhlanganisa okubuyabuyelelako ukufika ema- 20 usebenzisa Ukubalisisa / kunye kwalokhu Ukubala • i-apharathasi • imigwalo • Ukwakha nokuphula iinomboro • amanambalayini • Ukubuyelelakabili begodu nokuqunta phakathi Ukutlola umutjho weenomboro ngokusebenzisa +, = AMAPHETHENI, Amaphetheni Ukuqedelela ukulandelana kweenomboro zokubala AMAFANKTJHINI NE- wenomboro • Ngabo kunye ukuya emuva, isib. 99, 98, __, 96, __, __, __, 92, ___; ALJIBHRA __; 89. • ngalitjhumi ukuya e-100 , isib.10, 20, 30, __, __, __, __, __, 90, __. ngakuhlanu isib. 20, 25, 30, __, __.45, __, __, 60, __, 70__, __,__, 90 ISIKHALA NOBUJAMO Ubujamo Ukusebenzisa ilimi lobujamo ukulandela iinkombatjhuba ukukhamba (JIYOMETHRI) uzombeleza ikumba yokufundela ukumetjhisa ukuqalela okuhlukahlukeneko kwento efaneleko UKUMEDA Isikhathi Ukwazi amalanga weveke Ukwazi iinyanga zonyaka UKUPHATHA IDATHA Idatha Ukuphendula imibuzo ngedatha esegrafini yeenthombe 502 ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 IGreyidi yesi-2 iThemu yoku-1: Ukuhlola 1 ISIGABA SOKUMU- ISIHLOKO ISILINGANISO SESIQUNTO METHWEKO IINOMBORO, AMA- Umqondo Ukubuthelela nokubala ukufika ezintweni ezi-100 OPHARETJHINI wenomboro NOBUDLELWANA Ukumadanisa nokuhlela iinomboro ezipheleleko ukufika ema-25 Ukuhlahlela iinomboro ezinamadijithi amabili ukufika ema-25 ngamatjhumi begodu nangakunye, isib. 23= 20+3 Ukufunda nokutlola amatshwayo weenomboro ukusuka eli-0 ukuya e-100 Ukurarulula Ukurarulula imiraro yamagama ebujameni okufaka hlangana ukuhlanganisa imiraro , ukukhupha ,neempendulo ukufika ema -20 usebenzisa kunye kwalokhu okulandelako • ama-apharathasi • imigwalo • ukwakha nokuphula iinomboro • amanabalayini ukubuyelela kabili nokuqunta phakathi begodu uhlathulule iinsombululo zakho semiraro Imali Ukukhumbula iinhlavu zemali yeSewula Afrika 5c, 10c, 20c, 50c, R1,R2,R5 begodu nemali yamaphepha R10, R20, R50 Ukusombulula imiraro yemali ukufaka hlangana amanani begodu netjhentjhi ukufika ema-R20 begodu nangamasende ukuya emasendeni ema-50c Ukubala Ukwenza ukuhlanganisa ukufika ema- 20 ngokusebenzisa kunye kokulandelako • ama-apharathasi • imigwalo • Ukwakha nokuphula iinomboro • amanambalayini • ukubuyelela kabili nokuqunta phakathi Ukutlola umutjho weenomboro ngokusebenzisa +, = AMAPHETHENI, Amaphetheni Ukuqedelela ukulandelana kweenomboro zokubala ukuya phambili begodu AMAFANKTJHINI NE- weenomboro nokuya emuva ALJIBHRA • Ngabokunye ukusuka ku-0- 100, isib. 99, 98, 97 __, __, __,93, __, 91, 90. • ngamatjhumi ukusuka ku-0 -i00 , isib.10, 20, 30, __, __, __, 70__, __, 100. • ngabokubili ukusuka ku -0-100, isib. 80 82, 84, __, __, 90, _, __, __, ___, 100 ISIKHALA NOBUJAMO Izintho ezi ukukhumbula nokutjho (JIYOMETHRI) (3-D) • Amajamo webholo ( iindulungu) • Amajamo webhoksi( amaphrizimu) Amajamo we Ukukhumbula nokutjho (2-D) iindulungu, aobncantathu, iinkwere begodu naboncamane Isikhathi Ukutjho /ukutjela isikhathi ewatjhini ye-analogo ngama-iri UKUMEDA Ubude Linganisa, meda, madanisa, hlela begodu urekhode ubude, ububanzi nofana ukuphakama ngamamitha CAPS 503
ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 IGreyidi yesi-2 iThemu yesi-2: Ukuhlola 1 ISIGABA SOKUMU- ISIHLOKO ISILINGANISO SESIQUNTO METHWEKO IINOMBORO, AMA- Umqondo wenomboro Ukubala iinthombe zezinto ezibuthelelweko ukufika e-150 OPHARETJHINI NOBUDLELWANA ukumadanisa iinomboro ukufika e-50 Ukufunda nokutlola iinomboro kusuka e-0- 150 ukubala uye phambili nemuva nga-10, 2, 5 ukuya e- 150 Ukurarulula imiraro Ukurarulula imiraro ephathekako okufaka hlangana ukwabelana ngokulinganako begodu nokubuthelela ngeenomboro ezipheleleko ukufika e-50 usebenzisa kunye kokulandelako • ama-apharathasi • imigwalo • ukwakha nokphula iinomboro • amanambalayini • ukubuyelela kabili nokuqunta phakathi begodu nokuhlathulula iinsombululo zemiraro AMAPHETHENI, Amaphetheni Ukuqedelela ukulandelana kweenomboro zokubala ukuya phambili AMAFANKTJHINI NE- weenomboro begodu nokuya emuva ngabo kunye ukusukela eli-0 -150 ALJIBHRA isib.131,132,133,_,_,_,137,_,_,_,14111 in ones from 0 - 150 e.g.131, 132, 133, __, __, __, 137, __, ___, ___, 141 • Ngamatjhumi hlangana ne-0 &200 isib.150, 140, 130, __, __, 100, __, __.70, __, __, 40 • Ukubala ngabokubili isib. 150, 148, 146, 144, __, __, 138, __, __, 132. • Ukubala ngabo kuhlanu ukusuka e-0 – 150 isib. 105, 110, 115, __, __, __, 135, __, __, 150 Kopulula ,ngezelala begodu uhlathululeamphetheni lapho amajamo ahlukahlukeneko asetjenziswa khona ukwenza isiqhema ,kodwana iin qhema zamajamo zibuyelelwa ngendlela efana poro UKUMEDA Isikhathi Yitjho /tjela isikhathi ewatjhini ye-analogo ngama-iri begodu nangeenquntu zama-iri 504 ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 IGreyidi yesi-2 iThemu yesi-2: Ukuhlola 2 ISIGABA SOKUMU- ISIHLOKO ISILINGANISO SESIQUNTO METHWEKO IINOMBORO, AMA- Imqondo Bala uye phambili ngaku- 3, 4 OPHARETJHINI nomboro NOBUDLELWANA Ukurarulula imiraro Ukurarulula nokuhlathulula iinsombululo zemirao efaka hlangana ukwabelena ngokulingana okurholela emafraktjhini Amafraktjhini Ukukhumbula nokusebenzisa amahafu ,kukothathu,a makotara, kokuhlanu ebujameni obujayelekileko Ukukhumbula amafraktjhini asebujameni bamadayagramu Ukutlola amafraktjhini ngendlela yehafu yi-1, ku-1 kokuthathu, ,njll Ukuhlanganisa ukufika ema-50 usebenzisa kunye kokulandelako Ukubala Ukukhupha ukufika ema-50 usebenzisa kunye kokulandelako • ama-apharathasi • imigwalo • ukwakha nokphula iinomboro • amanambalayini • ukubuyelela kabili nokuqunta phakathi Ukutlola umutjho weenomboro ngokusebenzisa +,= Ukukhupha ukufika ema-50 usebenzisa kunye kokulandelako • ama-apharathasi • imigwalo • ukwakha nokphula iinomboro • amanambalayini • ukubuyelela kabili nokuqunta phakathi Ukutlola umutjho wenomboro uberegisa _ ,= AMAPHETHENI, Amaphetheni ukuqedelela ukulandelana kweenomboro hlangana kwe-0 ne 150 AMAFANKTJHINI NE- weenomboro • ukubala ngokunye ALJIBHRA • ukubala ngabokune, isib..4, 8, 12 __, __, 24, __, 32, __, __, __, 48 • . ukubala ngabokuthathu ,isib. 3, 6, 9, __, __,21, __, __,__, 33, 36. UKUMEDA Ubungako/imasi Linganisa, meda, madanisa, hlela begodu ukurekhode imasi ngokusebenzisa iimedo ezingakahleleki begodu nesikala sokudzimelela , isib. Amablogo, iintini, njll ukuhlela imikhiqizo lapho imasi itlolwe ngamakhilogremu CAPS 505
ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 IGreyidi yesi-2 iThemu yesi-3: Ukuhlola 1 ISIGABA SOKUMU- ISIHLOKO ISILINGANISO SESIQUNTO METHWEKO IINOMBORO, AMA- Umqondonomboro Ubala iinthombe zeenqhema zezinto ukufika ema-180 OPHARETJHINI NOBUDLELWANA Umadanisa abuye ahlele iinomboro ukufikela ema-75 Ufunda atlole amatshwayo weenomboro ukufikela ema-180 Ubalela phambili nasemuva ngaku-2, ngali-10, ngaku 5 hlangana ne-0 nama-180 Uphula iinomboro ezinamdijithi amabili ukufikela ema-75 ngalitjhumi nangakunye isib. 48=40 + 8 Rarulula Imiraro Urarulula imibuzo yemitjho ngobujamo okubandakanya ukuhlanganyela okubuyelelwako erholela ekubuyabuyeleleni ukufika ema-40 • aberegisa kunye kokulandelako • iinsetjenziswa • imigwalo • ukwakha nokuphula iinomboro • inambalayini ukubuyelela kabili nokuqunta begodu ahlathulule isisombululo sakhe emirarweni Ukubalisisa Angabuyabuyelela iinomboro ukusukela kwe-1 ukuya e-10 ngaku-5, 4 uberegisa okulandelako • iinsetjenziswa • imigwalo • inambalayini Tlola umutjho weenomboro usebenzisa u- x, = AMAPHETHENI, Iphetheni yeenomboro Uqedelela ukulandelana kweenomboro ze AMAFANKTJHINI NE- • Ukubala uye phambili nasemuva ngakunye hlangana kwe-0 nama- ALJIBHRA 180 • 180, 170, 160, __, __, 120, __,__ 90, • ukubala ngakubili isib. 150, 152, 154, __, 156, __, 160, __, __, 166 • ukubala ngakuhlanu ukusuka eli-0 ukuya ema – 150 isib.120, 125, 130, 135, __, __, __, 155, __, __, 170, __, 180 ISIKHALA NOBUJAMO Ubujamo Usebenzisa ilimi yobujamo ukulandela ikombatjhuba (JIYOMETHRI) ukukhambakhamba ngekombeni 506 ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 IGreyidi yesi-2 iThemu yesi-3: Ukuhlola 2 ISIGABA SOKUMU- ISIHLOKO ISILINGANISO SESIQUNTO METHWEKO IINOMBORO, AMA- Umqondonomboro Ubalela phambili ngaku-4, nangaku-3 OPHARETJHINI NOBUDLELWANA Rarulula Imiraro Urarulula abuye ahlathulule iinsombululo zemibuzo ebandakanya ukuhlukaniselana ngokulinganako okurholela emafraktjhinini Amafraktjhini Ulemuka asebenzise iinquntu, ubuthathu,iinkota, kokuhlanu ebujameni obujayelekile Ulemuka amafraktjhini ngendlela yemifanekiso Utlola amafraktjhini ngendlela yesiquntu 1, isithathu si-1 njll. AMAPHETHENI, Amaphetheni Uqedelela ukulandelana kweenomboro hlangana kwe-0 nama-180 AMAFANKTJHINI NE- weenomboro • ukubala ngakunye ALJIBHRA • ukubala ngakune isib. 104,108, 112 __, __, 124, __, 132, __, __, __, 148 • ukubala ngakuthathu isib. 103, 106, 109, __, __,121, __, __,__, 133, 136. Amaphetheni Ukhopha, angezelele begodu ahlathulule amaphetheni wejeomethri lapho wejiyomethri kuvela khona ubujamo obufanako, kodwana inani lobujamo ngabunye buyangezeleleka nofana buphunguleke ngendlela ejayelekile. ISIKHALA NOBUJAMO Ubujamo Ukumetjhisa imibono ehlukahlukeneko yezinto ezifanako (JIYOMETHRI) Ubujamo Ulemuka atjho amabizoi indulungu, aboncantathu, iinkwere, aboncamane obubusobubili Uhlukanisa ubujamo ngamahlangothi athe thwi nalawo anamahlangothi (2-D) ayindulungu UKUMEDA Umthamo Ulinganisa, meda, madanisa, hlela begodu urekhode umthamo wesimumathi ngokusebenzisa iimedo ezingakahleleki isib. Iingobho neenkomitji Isikhathi Ufunda isikhathi sama-analogo nge-iri, ngesiquntu se-iri, ngekotara ye-iri Usebenzisa ikhalenda ukubala ubude besikhathi ngamalanga nofana ngeenveke UKUPHATHA IDATHA Idatha Wakha igrafu yesithombe ngephepheni elinamabhogo nakanikelwa idatha CAPS 507
ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 IGreyidi yesi-2 iThemu yesi-4: Ukuhlola 1 ISIGABA SOKUMU- ISIHLOKO ISILINGANISO SESIQUNTO METHWEKO IINOMBORO, AMA- Umqondonomboro Ubala iinthombe zezinto ezingeenqhemeni ukjufikela ema-200 OPHARETJHINI NOBUDLELWANA Uhlela amadanise iinomboro ukufikela ema-99 Rarula Imiraro Urarulula imibuzo yemitjho ngebujameni obuhlanganisa ukwenza iinqhema nofana ukuhlukaniselana ukufikela ema-99 nezipendulo ezifaka ukusalela e • aberegisa kunye kokulandelako • iinsetjenziswa • imigwalo • ukwakha nokuphula iinomboro • inambalayini ukubuyelela kabili nokuqunta begodu ahlathulule isisombululo sakhe emirarweni Imali Ulemuka imali yangeSewula Afrika ezinhlamvu zama -5c, 10c, 20c, 50c, R1, R2, R5nemali yamaphepha R10, R20, R50 Urarulula imiraro yemali efaka amanani netjhentji ukya ema-99 begodu namasende afika ema-95c wamasende AMAPHETHENI, Amaphetheni Uqedelela ukulandelana kweenomboro zokubalela emuva naphambili AMAFANKTJHINI NE- weenomboro ngakunye hlangana kwe-0 nama-200 ALJIBHRA ngalitjhumi hlangana kwe-0 nama-200 isib. 130, 140, 150, -__, ___, ___, __, 200 ISIKHALA NOBUJAMO Obubusobubili Ulemuka atjho amagama (JIYOMETHRI) (2-D) • iindulungu • aboncantathu • iinkwere • Aboncamane Uhlukanisa ngokuya ngokuthi ihlangothi lithwi nofana liyindulungu UKUMEDA Isikhathi Usebenisa iwatjhi ukubala ubude besikhathi ukudlula ama-iri, ama-iri nesiquntu nofana ikotara yama-iri aberegisa kunye kokulandelako • iinsetjenziswa • imigwalo • ukwakha nokuphula iinomboro • inambalayini • ukubuyelela kabili nokuqunta begodu ahlathulule isisombululo sakhe emirarweni 508 ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 IGreyidi yesi-2 IThemu yesi-4: Ukuhlola 2 ISIGABA SOKUMU- ISIHLOKO ISILINGANISO SESIQUNTO METHWEKO IINOMBORO, AMA- Umqondonomboro. Ukubala uye phambili nemuva ngaku 2, 5, ukufika ema-200 OPHARETJHINI NOBUDLELWANA. Ukufunda nokutlola amatshwayo weenomboro ukufoka ema200 Ukubalisisa Ukwenza ukubalisisa ukufika ema 99 Ngokusebenzisa kunye kwalokhu okulandelako • ama-apharathasi • imigwalo • ukwakha nokuphula iinomboro • amanamba layini • ukubuyelela kabili nokuqunta phakathi Ukutlola umutjho wenomboro ngokusebenzisa +, = Ukususa ukufika ema 99 Ngokusebenzisa kunye kwalokhu okulandelako • ama-apharathasi • imigwalo • ukwakha nokuphula iinomboro • amanamba layini • ukubuyelela kabili nokuqunta phakathi Ukutlola umutjho wenomboro ngokusebenzisa -, = AMAPHETHENI, Amaphetheni Ukuqedelela ukulandelana kweenomboro hlangana kwe 0 nama 200 AMAFANKTJHINI NE- weenomboro • ukubala ngakubili isib. 160, 162, 164, _, 166,_, 170, _, _, 176,_, 180 ALJIBHRA • ukubala ngakuhlanu kusukela e 0-200 isib. 160, 165, 170, _,_,_,190, _, 200 UKUPHATHA IDATHA Idatha Ukuphendula imibuzo ngedatha esesithombeni CAPS 509
ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 IGreyidi yesi-2 IThemu yesi-4: Ukuhlola 3 ISIGABA SOKUMU- IINHLOKO ISILINGANISO ESISQUNTU. METHWEKO IINOMBORO, AMA- Imiqondonomboro Balela phambili ngaku 4,3 OPHARETJHINI NOBUDLELWANA Rarulula imiraro. Ukurarulula imibuzo yemitjho ebujameni obufaka ukuhlanganisa okubuyelelweko ekurholela ekubuyebuyeleleni ngeempendulo ukufika ema- 50. • Ngokusebenzisa kunye kwalokhu okulandelako. • iintlabagelo • imigwalo • ukwakha nokuphula iinomboro • inambalayini Ukubuyelela kabili nokuqunta begodu ahlathulule iinsombululo zakhe emirarweni. Ukubala Angabuyebuyelela iinomboro 1-10 ngaku 3 ngokusebenzisa kunye kwalokhu okulandelako. • iintlabagelo • imigwalo • inambalayini • ukubuyelela kabili Tlola imitjho embalwa ngokusebenzisa x,= AMAPHETHENI, Amaphetheni Qedelela ukulamana kweenomboro ezihlangana kwe 0 ne-180 AMAFANKTJHINI NE- weenomboro • Bala ngakunye. ALJIBHRA • Balela emuva ngakune Isib .48,44, 40 __, __, 28, __, __, 16, __, __, 0 • Balela emuva ngakuthathu.Isib . 36, 33, 30, __, __, 21, 18, __,__, 9, __, __, 0. ISIKHALA NOBUJAMO Abobusontathu Ukulemuka namabizo (JIYOMETHRI) (3-D) • ubujamo bebholo(ndulungu) • Ubujamo bebhoksi (phrizimu) • Isilinda Ukuhlela izinto ukuya ngalezo ezigedekako nalezo ezitjhelelako Isimethri Ukulemuka nokugwala imida yesimethri yobujamo obubusobubili beJiyomethri nalezo ezingasizo zeJiyomethri. UKUMEDA Umthamo/ Ivolumu Ukuhlela imikhiqizo yangamalanga yemithamo etlolwe phezu kwazo ngamalitha. Ukufunda umthamo wamalitha eenthombeni ezilinganiswe ngamajege. 510 ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 IGreyidi yesi-3 IThemu yoku-1: Ukuhlola 1 ISIGABA SOKUMU- IINHLOKO ISILINGANISO ESISQUNTU METHWEKO IINOMBORO,AMA- umqondonomboro Ukukhetha nokubala ukufika ezintweni ezima-200 OPHARETJHINI Ukumadanisa nokuhlela iinomboro ngokupheleleko ukufika ema-99 NOBUDLELWANA Ukufunda nokutlola amatshwayo weenomboro ukusuka e-0 ukufika ema-500. Ukuhlahlela iinomboro zamadijithi amabili ukufika ema-99 ngalisumi begodu ngakunye Isib. 78 = 70 + 8 Rarulula imibuzo Rarulula imibuzo yemitjho ebujameni ebufaka ukuhlanganisa , ukukhupha ngeempendulo ukufika ema-99 ngokusebenzisa kunye kwalokhu okulandelako. • Ukwakha nokuphula iinomboro. • Inambalayini. • Ukubuyelela ngakubili nokuqunta/nokuhafula • Ukutjhideza e-10 Begodu ahlathulule iinsombululo zakhe emibuzweni. Imali Rarulula imibuzo yemali efaka hlangana inani loke begodu netjhentjhi yamaranda namasende. Ukubala Ukubala ukufika ema-99 ngokusebenzisa kunye kwalokhu okulandelako. • Ukwakha nokuphula iinomboro. • Inambalayini. • Ukubuyelela ngakubili nokuqunta. • Ukutjhideza e-10 Tlola umutjho wenomboro ngokusebenzisa +, = Ukukhupha ukufika ema-99 ngokusebenzisa kunye kwalokhu okulandelako. • Ukwakha nokuphula iinomboro. • Inambalayini. • Ukubuyelela ngakubili nokuqunta. • Ukutjhideza e-10 Tlola umutjho wenomboro ngokusebenzisa +, = AMAPHETHENI, Amaphetheni Qedelela ukulamana kweenomboro kukubala uye phambili nemuva. AMAFANKTJHINI NE- weenomboro • Ngakunye hlangana kwe 0 nama 200 Isib 199,1 98, 197, __, __, __, 13, ALJIBHRA __, 191, 190 • Ngalisumi hlangana kwe 0 nama 200 Isib. 110, 120, 130, __, __, __, 170__, __, 200 • Ngamakhulu hlangana kwe 0 nama 500 Isib 100, 200, 300, __, __, • Ngakuhlanu hlangana kwe 0 nama 200 Isib 150, 155, 160, __, __, __, 180, __, __, 195, __ • Ngakubili hlangana kwe 0 nama 200 Isib 180,182, 184, __, __, 190, _, __, __, ___, 200 ISIKHALA NOBUJAMO Abobusobubili Ukulemuka nokunikela amabizo (JIYOMETHRI) (2-D) Iindulungu, aboncantathu, iinkwere naboncamane. Ukuhlela ubujamo bezinto lezo ezinamahlangothi athwi kunye nalezo ezizombelezako. UKUMEDA Isikhathi Ukufunda amalanga ekhalendeni Ukutjela isikhathi ewatjhini ye-analogo ngama iri,ngeenquntu ze- iri nangamakota we-iri Umthamo Ukulinganisa, isilinganiso, ukumadanisa,ukuhlela nokurekhoda imithamo yeemumathi ngokusebenzisa iinlinganiso ezingakahleleki Isib isigobho nekomitji. Ukuhlela imikhiqizo yangamalanga leyo imithamo yayo itlolwe nagamamililitha phezu kwayo. CAPS 511
ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 IGreyidi yesi-3 IThemu yesi-2: Ukuhlola 1 ISIGABA SOKUMU- IINHLOKO ISILINGANISO ESISQUNTU METHWEKO IINOMBORO, AMA- Umqondonomboro Ukubala iinthombe zezinto ezikhetheke ngeenqhema (Isib. iinqhema nga- OPHARETJHINI 10,25,50 namkha 100) ukufika ema 500 NOBUDLELWANA Ukuhlela nokumadanisa iinomboro ukufika ema 500 Ukufunda nokutlola iinomboro ukusuka e 0 – 1 000 Rarulula imibuzo Uku rarulula imibuzo ebonakalako efaka hlangana ukwabelana ngokulingana nokwenza iinqhema zeenomboro ngokupheleleko ukufika ema 75 ngokusebenzisa kunye kwalokhu okulandelako. • Ukwakha nokuphula iinomboro. • Inambalayini. • Ukubuyelela ngakubili nokuqunta. • Ukutjhideza e-10 Begodu ahlathulule iinsombululo zakhe zemibuzo Ukubala Hlukanisa iinomboro ema 50 ngaku 2,5,10 AMAPHETHENI, Amaphetheni Qedelela ukulandelana kweenomboro kokubalela phambili nemuva AMAFANKTJHINI NE- weenomboro • Ngakunye hlangana kwe 0 nama 500 Isib 389, 399, 400, , __, __, __, 404, ALJIBHRA __, ___, ___, 408 • Ngalisumi hlangana kwe 0 nama 500 Isib 300, 310, 320, __, __, 350, __, __.370, __, __, 400 • Ngamakhulu hlangana kwe 0 ne 1000 Isib 1000, 900, 800, __, __, 500, __, __.200, __, 0 ISIKHALA NOBUJAMO Izinto Ukulemuka nokunikela amabizo (JIYOMETHRI) Ezibusontathu • ubujamo bebholo (indulungu) (3-D) • Ubujamo bebhoksi (phrizimu) • Isilinda Ukuhlela izinto ukuya ngalezo ezizombelezako begodu nalezo ezinebala eliparaleleko. UKUMEDA Ubude Ukulinganisa, isilinganiso ,ukuhlela nokumadanisa ubude, ubungako nobubanzi i ngokusebenzisa iinlinganiso ezingakahleleki Ukulinganisa ,isilinganiso,ukuhlela nokumadanisa ubude ngosebenzisa amamitha. 512 ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 IGreyidi yesi-3 iThemu yesi-2: Ukuhlola 2 ISIGABA SOKUMU- IINHLOKO ISILINGANISO SESIQUNTU METHWEKO IINOMBORO, AMA- Umqomdonomboro Balela phambili nemuva ngaku 2,4 namkha ku-3 ukufika ema-500 OPHARETJHINI NOBUDLELWANA Ukubala Ukwenza ukubala ukufika ema-400 ngokusebenzisa kunye kwalokhu okulandelako • Ukwakha nokuphula iinomboro. • Inambalayini. • Ukubuyelela ngakubili nokuqunta/nokuhafula • Ukutjhideza e-10 Tlola umutjho wenomboro ngokusebenzisa +, = Ukukhupha ukusuka ema 400 namkha okumbalwa ngokusebenzisa kunye kwalokhu • Ukwakha nokuphula iinomboro. • Inambalayini. • Ukubuyelela ngakubili nokuqunta/nokuhafula. • rounding off to 10 Tlola umutjho wenomboro ngokusebenzisa _, = AMAPHETHENI, Amaphetheni Qedelela ukulandelana kweenomboro AMAFANKTJHINI NE- weenomboro • kokubala ngakubili hlangana kwe 0 nama-500 Isib. 450, 448, 446, 444, ALJIBHRA __, __, 438, __, __, 432. • Ngokubala ngakune hlangana kwe 0 nama 500 Isib. 404, 408, 412 __, __, 424, __, 432, __, __, __, 448 • Ngokubala ngakuthathu kwe 0 nama 500 Isib. 403,406, 409, __, __,421, __, __,__, 433, 436. Amaphetheni Ukukopa , ukungezelela nokuhlathulula amaphetheni wobujamo weJiyomethri obuhlukeneko ayasetjenziswa ukwenza iinqhema ,kodwana iinqhema zobujamo ziyabuyelelwa ngendlela efanako. IGreyidi yesi-3 iThemu yesi-2: Ukuhlola 3 ISIGABA SOKUMU- IINHLOKO ISILINGANISO SESIQUNTU METHWEKO IINOMBORO, AMA- Umqomdonomboro Bala uye phambili ngaku 5, 50, 100, hlangana ne-0 nama-500 OPHARETJHINI Ukuphula iinomboro ezinamadijithi amathathu zibe makhulu, amatjhumi NOBUDLELWANA. begodu nangabokunye, isib. 247= 200+40+7 Ukurarulula imiraro Ukurarulula begodu nokuhlathulula iinsombululo zemiraro efakahlangana ukwabelana ngokulinganako okurholela emafraktjhinini. Amafraktjhini Ukukhumbula nokusebenzisa amahafu, amakota, kobunane, kwesithathu, kwesihlanu ebujamweni obujayelekileko. Ukukhumbula amafraktjhini asebujamweni bedayagramu. Ukutlola amafraktjhini ngendlela yokuthi ihafu yi-1, ku-2 kokuthathu, njll. AMAPHETHENI, Amaphetheni Qedelela ukulandelana kweenomboro AMAFANKTJHINI NE- weenomboro • Ukubala ngakuhlanu hlangana ne 0-500, isib. 105, 110, 115, _,_,_,135, ALJIBHRA. _,_,150 • Ukubala ngamatjhumi amahlanu hlangana ne 0-1000, isib. 550, 600, 650, _,_,800,_,_,_,1000 ISIKHALA NOBUJAMO Ubujamo Ukulandela indlela/ilayelo lokukhamba khamba esikolweni. (JIYOMETHRI). nekombatjhuba Nikela indlela/ilayelo yokukhamba khamba esikolweni. UKUMEDA Imasi Linganisa, meda, madanisa hlela ngemihlobo begodu urekhode imasi ngokusebenzisa iimedo ezingakahleleki nesikala sokudzimelelisa isib. Amabhlogo, iintina, njll. Ukuhlela imikhiqizo enobudisi /imasi etlolwe ngamagremu. CAPS 513
ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 IGreyidi yesi-3 iThemu yesi-3: Ukuhlola 1 ISIGABA SOKUMU- IINHLOKO ISILINGANISO SESIQUNTU METHWEKO IINOMBORO, AMA- Umqomdonomboro Ukubala iinthombe zezinto ezibuthelelweko ukufika ema- 750 ( isib. OPHARETJHINI Ezibuthelelwe ngama 20, 25, 50, nofana i- 100) NOBUDLELWANA. Ukumadanisa nokuhlela iinomboro ukufika ema-750. Ukufunda nokutlola amatshwayo weenomboro ukufika ema-100. Ukurarulula imiraro. Ukurarulula imiraro yamagama ebujameni okufaka hlangana ukubuyabuyelela ukufika ema75 usebenzisa okukodwa kwalokhu • Ukwakha nokuphula iinomboro. • Inambalayini. • Ukubuyelela ngakubili nokuqunta/nokuhafula • Ukutjhideza eduze ne 10 begodu bahlathulule iinsombululo zabo zemiraro. Ukubalisisa Bangakghona ukubuyabuyelela ngaku 2, 5, 10 ukufika enanini lama 99 ngokusebenzisa kunye kwalokhu okulandelako • iintlabagelo / ama-apharathasi • imigwalo • amanambalayini Ukutlola umutjho weenomboro ngokusebenzisa x, = AMAPHETHENI, Amaphetheni Ukuqedelela ukulandelanakweenomboro zokubala uye phambili nemuva AMAFANKTJHINI NE- weenomboro • ngakunye hlangana ne 0 nama 750 isb. 665, 666, 667, _ ,_, _, 671, _, _, ALJIBHRA. _, 675, _, _, 678 • ngalitjhumi hlangana ne 0 nama 750 isib. 650, 660, 670, __, _, 700, _, _, 730, _, _, 760 • ngekhulu hlangana ne 0 ne 1000 isib. 0, 100, 200, _, _, 500, _, _, 800, _, 1000 IGreyidi yesi-3 iThemu yesi-3: Ukuhlola 2 ISIGABA SOKUMU- IINHLOKO ISILINGANISO SESIQUNTU METHWEKO IINOMBORO, AMA- Umqomdonomboro Ukubala uyephambili nemuva ngaku 2, 20, 4, 3, ukufika ema- 750 OPHARETJHINI Ukuphula iinomboro ezinamadijithi amathathu ukufika ema750 zibe NOBUDLELWANA. makhulu, matjhumi, begodu nabo kunye isib. 648= 600+40+8 Ukubalisisa Bangabuyabuyelela ngaku 3, 4, ukufika enanini lama 99 ngokusebenzisa okukodwa kwalokhu • iintlabagelo / ama-apharathasi • imigwalo • amanambalayini • ukubuyelela kabili ukutlola umutjho weenomboro ngokusebenzisa x, + AMAPHETHENI, Amaphetheni Ukuqedelela ukulandelana kweenomboro zaku AMAFANKTJHINI NE- weenomboro • ukubala ngakubili hlangana ne 0 nama750 isib. 750, 749, 748, _, _, 445,_, ALJIBHRA. _, 742 • ukubala ngamatjhumi amabili hlangana ne 0 ne 1000 isib. 800, 820,840, 860, _, _, 920, _, _, 980 • ukubala ngakune hlangana ne 0 nama 750 isib. 704, 708, 712, _, _, 724, _, 732, _, _, _, 748 • ukubala ngakuthathu hlangana ne 0 nama 750 isib, 630, 633, 639, 641, _, _, 650, _, _, _, 661 Amaphetheni Ukukopulula, ukungezelela nokuhlathulula iphetheni yejiyomethri lapho wejiyomethri kwenzeka khona ubujamo obufanako, kodwana inani lobujamo ngabunye buyanda nofana buya ncipha ngendlela efanako ISIKHALA NOBUJAMO Ubujamo Ukukhumbula nokutjho ngegama (JIYOMETHRI obubusobubili 2 D Iindulungu, aboncantathu, iinkwere, naboncamane. Ukugwala iindulungu, iinkwere, aboncamane, aboncantathu UKUPHATHA IDATHA Idatha Yakha ibha-grafu ephepheni elinamabhlogo lokha nawunikelwe idatha. 514 ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 IGreyidi yesi-3 iThemu yesi-3: Ukuhlola 3. ISIGABA SOKUMU- IINHLOKO ISILINGANISO SESIQUNTU METHWEKO IINOMBORO, AMA- Umqomdonomboro. Ukubala uye phambili ngaku 5, 50, 25, ukufika ema- 750 OPHARETJHINI Ukurarulula imiraro Ukurarulula nokuhlathulula iinsombululo zemiraro efakahlangana NOBUDLELWANA. ukwabelana ngokulinganako okurholela emafraktjhinini. Amafraktjhini Ukukhumbula nokusebenzisa amahafu, amakota, kobunane, kwesithathu, kwesithandathu, kwesihlanu ebujameni obujayelekileko Ukukhumbula amafraktjhinio asebujamweni bedayagramu Ukukhumbula bonyana amahafu ama 2 enza okuzeleko Ukutlola amafraktjhini ngendlela yokuthi ihafu yi 1, kunye kokuthathu, njll. AMAPHETHENI, Amaphetheni Ukuqedelela ukulandelana kweenomboro AMAFANKTJHINI NE- weenomboro • ukubala ngakuhlanu hlangana ne 0-750 isib. 705, 710, 715, _, _, _, 735, ALJIBHRA. _, _, 750 • ukubala ngakuhlanu hlangana ne 0-1000 isib. 1000, 950, 800, _, _, 650, _, _, _, 750 • ukubala ngamatjhumi amabili nakuhlanu hlangana ne 0-1000 iosib. 525, 550, 575, _, _, 650, _, _, _, 750 ISIKHALA NOBUJAMO Ubujamo Ukulandela indlela/ilayelo lokukhamba ukusuka endaweni enye ukuya (JIYOMETHRI kwenye. Ukmeda Isikhathi Ukutjho isikhathi ewatjhini ledijithali Ukusebenzisa ikhalenda ukubala ubude besikhathi nga,malanga nofana iimveke IGreyidi yesi-3 iThemu yesi-4: Ukuhlola 1. ISIGABA SOKUMU- IINHLOKO ISILINGANISO SESIQUNTU METHWEKO IINOMBORO, AMA- Umqomdonomboro. Ukubala iinthombe zezinto ezibuthelelweko ukufika ema- 1000 OPHARETJHINI Ukuhlela nokumadanisa iinomboro ukufika ema -99 NOBUDLELWANA Ukurarulula imiraro. Ukurarulula imiraro efaka hlangana ukubuthelela nofana ukwabelana ngokulinganako ebujameni ukufika e-100 neempendulo ezifaka hlangana iinsalela ngokusebenzisa kunye kwalokhu • ukwakha nokuphula iinomboro • amanamba layini • ukubuyelela kabili nokuqunta/nokuhafula phakathi • ukutjhideza eduze ne10 begodu nokuhlathulula iinsombululo zemiraro Ukubalisisa . Hlukanisa iinomboro ukufika ema-99 ngaku 2, 4, 5, 10, 3 Imali Ukurarulula imiraro yemali efaka hlangana amanani netjhentjhi ngamaranda nofana ngamasende. AMAPHETHENI, Amaphetheni Ukuqedelela ukulandelana kweenomboro zokubalela phambili nemuva AMAFANKTJHINI NE- weenomboro • ngakunye hlangana ne 0 ne 1000 isib. 889, 890, 891, _, _, _, 892 ALJIBHRA • ngamatjhumi hlangana ne 0 ne 1000 isib. 1000, 990, 980, _, _, 950, _, _, 920, _, _, 890 Ukumeda Isikhathi Sebenzisa iwatjhi ukubala ubude besikhathi esidlulako ngama iri namaminithi CAPS 515
ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 IGreyidi yesi-3 iThemu yesi-4: Ukuhlola 2 ISIGABA SOKUMU- ISIHLOKO ISILINGANISO SESIQUNTO METHWEKO IINOMBORO, AMA- Umqondonomboro Ubala uyaphambili nemuva ngaku-2,ngaku-4, ngaku 3, ukuya e-1000 OPHARETJHINI N Ufunda abuye atlole amatshwayo weenomboro ukufikela e-1 000 OBUDLELWANA ukubala Ukuhlanganisa ukufika e-999 uberegisa okunye kwalokhu • ukwakha nokuhlephula iinomboro • inamabalayini • Ukubuyelela kabili nokuqunta • Ukutjhideza e-10 Ukutlola umutjho wenomboro +,= Ukhupha kunanoma ngiyiphi inomboro ema-999 nofana ngaphasi aberegisa kunye kwalokhu okulandelako • Ukwakha nokuphula iinomboro • Inamabalayini • Ukubuyelela kabili nokuqunta • Ukutjhideza e-10 utlola inomboro yomutjho aberegisa -, = AMAPHETHENI, Amaphetheni Uqedelela ukulandelana kweenomboro ko AMAFANKTJHINI NE- weenomboro • Ukubala ngakubili hlangana kwe- 0 ne-1 000 e.g. 1000, 998, 996, __, ALJIBHRA __, 990, __, __, 984 • Ukubala ngakune hlangana kwe- 0 ne-1 000 e.g. 840, 844, 852 __, __, 864, __, 872, __, __, __, 894 • Ukubala ngakuthathu hlangana kwe- 0 ne-1 000 e.g. 960,963, 966, 969, 971, • __, __,980, __, __,__, 691 ISIKHALA NOBUJAMO Isimethri Ulemuka begodu agwale imida yesimethri ngobubusobubili bejeometri (JIYOMETHRI) nobujamo obungasibo bejeomethri UKUPHATHA IDATHA Idatha Uphendula imibuzo ngedatha ngamagrafu weenthombe 516 ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 IGreyidi yesi-3 IThemu yesi-4: Ukuhlola 3 ISIGABA SOKUMU- ISIHLOKO ISILINGANISO SESIQUNTO METHWEKO IINOMBORO, AMA- umqondonomboro Ubalela phambili nga- 5s, 50s, 25s hlangana kwe-0 ne-1 000 OPHARETJHINI Ukurarulula Urarulula imibuzo yemitjho ngobujamo okubandakanya ukuhlanganyela NOBUDLELWANA imiraro okubuyelelwako erholela ekubuyabuyeleleni ngeenpendulo ezifika ema-50 • iinsetjenziswa • imigwalo • ukwakha nokuhlephula iinomboro • inamabalayini • ukubuyelela kabili begodu ahlathulule isisombululo sakhe emirarweni Ukubala Angabuyabuyelela ngantathu ukufikela ema-99 uberegisa kunye kokulandelako • iinsetjenziswa • imigwalo • inamabalayini • ukubuyelela kabili utlola inomboro yomutjho aberegisa x, = AMAPHETHENI, Amaphetheni Uqedelela ukulandelana kweenomboro AMAFANKTJHINI NE- weenomboro • ukubala ngakuhlanu hlangana kwe- 0 – 1000 e.g. 1 000, 995, 990, 985, __, ALJIBHRA __, __, 965, __, __, 950 • ukubala ngamasumi amahlanu hlangana kwe- 0 – 1000 isib.600, 650, 700, __, __, 850, __, __, __, • ukubala ngamasumi amahlanu hlangana kwe- 0 – 1000 isib.1 000, 975, 950, __, __, 875, __, __, __, 775 ISIKHALA NOBUJAMO Abobusontathu Ulemuka atjho negama (JIYOMETHRI) (3-D) • ubujamo bebholo (iindulungu) • ubujamo obusabhoksi • amasilinda • umgolojo • iinkurwana Uhlukanisa izinto ukuya ngalezi eziparaleleko nalezo ezinobujamo obuzombelezako Ufanisa ubujamo obubusobubili (2-D) obenza nengaphezulu eliparaleleko ezintweni ezibusontathu (3-D) ezitjhiwo ngaphezulu UKUMEDA Umthamo Ufunda umthamo ngamalitha eenthombeni zamajege wokumeda Ufunda umthamo ngamamilimitha enthombeni zamajege wokumeda CAPS 517
ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 518 ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)
ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 CAPS 519
ISIGABA ESISISEKELO AMAGREYIDI 1-3 520 ISITATIMENDE SOMTHETHO-KAMBISO WEKHARIKHYULAMU NOKUHLOLA (TTKN)

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